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Tekstualiteit - Wikipedia

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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tekst_als_talig_systeem_en_communicatiemiddel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tekst_als_talig_systeem_en_communicatiemiddel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tekst als talig systeem en communicatiemiddel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tekst_als_talig_systeem_en_communicatiemiddel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criteria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criteria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Criteria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criteria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Noten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Tekstualiteit</b> is datgene wat een <a href="/wiki/Tekst" title="Tekst">tekst</a> van een niet-tekst onderscheidt. In de <a href="/wiki/Tekstlingu%C3%AFstiek" title="Tekstlinguïstiek">tekstlinguïstiek</a> wordt het begrip vooral gebruikt om verschijnselen gerelateerd aan <a href="/wiki/Structuralistische_taalkunde" title="Structuralistische taalkunde">structuralisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poststructuralisme" title="Poststructuralisme">poststructuralisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taalkunde" title="Taalkunde">taalkunde</a> en <a href="/wiki/Literatuurwetenschap" title="Literatuurwetenschap">literatuurwetenschap</a> te beschrijven. De meest gangbare definitie van een tekst is een afgesloten, <a href="/wiki/Schrift" title="Schrift">schriftelijke</a> of <a href="/wiki/Transcriptie_(taal)" title="Transcriptie (taal)">transcribeerbare</a> taaluiting, bestaande uit meerdere volledige of onvolledige <a href="/wiki/Zin_(taalkunde)" title="Zin (taalkunde)">zinnen</a> die zowel inhoudelijke als formele samenhang vertonen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tekst_als_talig_systeem_en_communicatiemiddel">Tekst als talig systeem en communicatiemiddel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekstualiteit&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Tekst als talig systeem en communicatiemiddel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekstualiteit&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Tekst als talig systeem en communicatiemiddel"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het doel van het opstellen van een tekstgrammatica is het beschouwen van tekst als een taalsysteem met een zinsoverstijgende structuur. Vaak bezit de tekst als geheel bepaalde eigenschappen die niet tot afzonderlijke tekstdelen zoals <a href="/wiki/Alinea" title="Alinea">alinea</a>'s te herleiden zijn, maar samenhangen met aan <a href="/wiki/Communicatie" title="Communicatie">communicatie</a> gerelateerde tekstexterne factoren. Tekst kan in dit opzicht als een <a href="/wiki/Taalhandeling" title="Taalhandeling">taalhandeling</a> met een specifiek doel worden beschouwd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criteria">Criteria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekstualiteit&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Criteria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekstualiteit&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Criteria"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Om als een volwaardig communicatiemiddel te kunnen worden beschouwd, moet een tekst volgens sommige tekstanalisten aan de volgende criteria voldoen:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Cohesie_(taalkunde)" title="Cohesie (taalkunde)">cohesie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coherentie_(taalkunde)" title="Coherentie (taalkunde)">coherentie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intentionaliteit_(taalkunde)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Intentionaliteit (taalkunde) (de pagina bestaat niet)">intentionaliteit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acceptabiliteit_(taalkunde)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Acceptabiliteit (taalkunde) (de pagina bestaat niet)">acceptabiliteit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Informativiteit_(taalkunde)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Informativiteit (taalkunde) (de pagina bestaat niet)">informativiteit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situationaliteit_(taalkunde)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Situationaliteit (taalkunde) (de pagina bestaat niet)">situationaliteit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intertekstualiteit_(taalkunde)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Intertekstualiteit (taalkunde) (de pagina bestaat niet)">intertekstualiteit</a></li></ol> <p>Beaugrande en Dressler onderscheiden verder nog drie regulatoire principes als voorwaarde voor tekstualiteit, namelijk de mate van efficiëntie' (zo weinig mogelijk productiekosten en noodzakelijke verwerking bij het publiek), effectiviteit (bereikt de tekst het gewenste effect bij het publiek) en de manier waarop dit in overeenstemming is met de gegeven communicatiesituatie. </p><p>Deze algemene benadering is echter niet door alle taalkundigen overgenomen en soms zelfs scherp bekritiseerd, aangezien er zo een kunstmatige scherpe grens tussen tekst en niet-tekst wordt gecreëerd. Een tekst die niet aan alle bovengenoemde criteria voldoet - bijvoorbeeld een tekst met geen of weinig cohesie - kan inhoudelijk toch heel samenhangend (coherent) zijn.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noten">Noten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekstualiteit&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Noten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekstualiteit&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Noten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert-Alain_de_Beaugrande&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert-Alain de Beaugrande (de pagina bestaat niet)">De Beaugrande, R.A.</a></span>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Urlich_Dressler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Urlich Dressler (de pagina bestaat niet)">Dressler, W.U.</a></span> (1981): <i>Einführung in die Textlinguistik</i>, Tübingen</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinz_Vater&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinz Vater (de pagina bestaat niet)">Vater, H.</a></span> (2005): <i>Einführung in die 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/></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_schrijven&amp;action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Lezen_en_schrijven" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Lezen" title="Lezen">Lezen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Schrijven" title="Schrijven">schrijven</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Tekstelement:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Alinea" title="Alinea">alinea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bibliografie" title="Bibliografie">bibliografie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bladspiegel" title="Bladspiegel">bladspiegel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Citaat" title="Citaat">citaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Coherentie_(taalkunde)" title="Coherentie (taalkunde)">coherentie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cohesie_(taalkunde)" title="Cohesie (taalkunde)">cohesie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Coreferentie" title="Coreferentie">coreferentie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Diakritisch_teken" title="Diakritisch teken">diakritisch teken</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dialoog" title="Dialoog">dialoog</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eindnoot" title="Eindnoot">eindnoot</a> · <a href="/wiki/Episode" title="Episode">episode</a> · <a href="/wiki/Glos_(tekst)" title="Glos (tekst)">glos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hoofdstuk" title="Hoofdstuk">hoofdstuk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon">jargon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kanttekening" title="Kanttekening">kanttekening</a> · <a href="/wiki/Leesteken" title="Leesteken">leesteken</a> · <a href="/wiki/Letter" title="Letter">letter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lettergreep" title="Lettergreep">lettergreep</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marginalia_(boek)" title="Marginalia (boek)">marginalia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Morfeem" title="Morfeem">morfeem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paragraaf" title="Paragraaf">paragraaf</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plot" title="Plot">plot</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rijm_(stijlfiguur)" title="Rijm (stijlfiguur)">rijm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Samenvatting" title="Samenvatting">samenvatting</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spelling" title="Spelling">spelling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verhaallijn" title="Verhaallijn">verhaallijn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Voetnoot" title="Voetnoot">voetnoot</a> · <a href="/wiki/Woord" title="Woord">woord</a> · <a href="/wiki/Woordspeling" title="Woordspeling">woordspeling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zin_(taalkunde)" title="Zin (taalkunde)">zin</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Tekstsoort" title="Tekstsoort">Tekstsoort</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Artikel_(redactioneel)" title="Artikel (redactioneel)">artikel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Boek_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boek (hoofdbetekenis)">boek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brief" title="Brief">brief</a> · <a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">column</a> · <a href="/wiki/Copywriter" title="Copywriter">copywriting</a> · <a href="/wiki/Document" title="Document">document</a> · <a href="/wiki/Drama_(genre)" title="Drama (genre)">dramatiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/E-mail" title="E-mail">e-mail</a> · <a href="/wiki/Epiek" title="Epiek">epiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">essay</a> · <a href="/wiki/Folder" title="Folder">folder</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gedicht" title="Gedicht">gedicht</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kort_verhaal" title="Kort verhaal">kort verhaal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lezen" title="Lezen">lezen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Literatuur" title="Literatuur">literatuur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lyriek" title="Lyriek">lyriek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Manuscript_(modern)" title="Manuscript (modern)">manuscript</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plagiaat" title="Plagiaat">plagiaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Platte_tekst" title="Platte tekst">platte tekst</a> · <a href="/wiki/Po%C3%ABzie" title="Poëzie">poëzie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Proefschrift" title="Proefschrift">proefschrift</a> · <a href="/wiki/Proza" title="Proza">proza</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rapport_(verslag)" title="Rapport (verslag)">rapport</a> · <a href="/wiki/Roman_(literatuur)" title="Roman (literatuur)">roman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Recensie" title="Recensie">recensie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Scenario" title="Scenario">scenario</a> · <a href="/wiki/Scriptie" title="Scriptie">scriptie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sms" title="Sms">sms</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tekst" title="Tekst">tekst</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tekstsoort" title="Tekstsoort">tekstsoort</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verhaal_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verhaal (hoofdbetekenis)">verhaal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pamflet" title="Pamflet">pamflet</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Theorie:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Driehoek_van_Petersen" title="Driehoek van Petersen">driehoek van Petersen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica">grammatica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Intertekstualiteit" title="Intertekstualiteit">intertekstualiteit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Isotopie_(taalkunde)" title="Isotopie (taalkunde)">isotopie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Narratologie" title="Narratologie">narratologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Retorica" title="Retorica">retorica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stijlfiguur" title="Stijlfiguur">stijlfiguur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taalbeheersing" title="Taalbeheersing">taalbeheersing</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tekst" title="Tekst">tekst</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tekstanalyse" title="Tekstanalyse">tekstanalyse</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tekstlingu%C3%AFstiek" title="Tekstlinguïstiek">tekstlinguïstiek</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">tekstualiteit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verhaalanalyse" title="Verhaalanalyse">verhaalanalyse</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Hulpmiddelen:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Grammaticacontrole" title="Grammaticacontrole">grammaticacontrole</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spellingcontrole" title="Spellingcontrole">spellingcontrole</a> · <a href="/wiki/Teksteditor" title="Teksteditor">teksteditor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tekstverwerker" title="Tekstverwerker">tekstverwerker</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8cb5f4d85‐s529p Cached time: 20241126165357 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.068 seconds Real time usage: 0.090 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 447/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11481/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5310/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2958/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.002/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 586299/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 55.952 1 -total 62.40% 34.913 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie_schrijven 58.12% 32.522 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie 37.45% 20.955 1 Sjabloon:References 22.90% 12.813 1 Sjabloon:Navigatie/Tabel 6.85% 3.833 1 Sjabloon:Bewerklinks 4.92% 2.750 3 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