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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Curule_aedile_(172_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Curule_aedile_(172_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Curule aedile (172 BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Curule_aedile_(172_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambassador_in_Greece_(170–169_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambassador_in_Greece_(170–169_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ambassador in Greece (170–169 BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambassador_in_Greece_(170–169_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Praetor_of_the_fleet_(168_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Praetor_of_the_fleet_(168_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Praetor of the fleet (168 BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Praetor_of_the_fleet_(168_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Triumph_(167_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Triumph_(167_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Triumph (167 BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Triumph_(167_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Building program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consul_(165_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consul_(165_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Consul (165 BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consul_(165_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambassador_in_Syria_(162_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambassador_in_Syria_(162_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Ambassador in Syria (162 BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambassador_in_Syria_(162_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descendants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descendants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Descendants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descendants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ancient sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Modern sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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</label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gnaeus Octavius (consul 165 BC)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB_165_%D0%BF%D1%80.%D0%BD.%D0%B5.)" title="Гней Октавий (консул 165 пр.н.е.) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гней Октавий (консул 165 пр.н.е.)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gneu_Octavi_(c%C3%B2nsol_165_aC)" title="Gneu Octavi (cònsol 165 aC) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gneu Octavi (cònsol 165 aC)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnaeus_Octavius_(Konsul_165_v._Chr.)" title="Gnaeus Octavius (Konsul 165 v. Chr.) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gnaeus Octavius (Konsul 165 v. Chr.)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9F%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF_165_%CF%80.%CE%A7.)" title="Γναίος Οκτάβιος (ύπατος το 165 π.Χ.) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γναίος Οκτάβιος (ύπατος το 165 π.Χ.)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cneo_Octavio_(c%C3%B3nsul_165_a._C.)" title="Cneo Octavio (cónsul 165 a. C.) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cneo Octavio (cónsul 165 a. C.)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnaeus_Octavius_(consul_en_-165)" title="Cnaeus Octavius (consul en -165) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cnaeus Octavius (consul en -165)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gneo_Ottavio_(console_165_a.C.)" title="Gneo Ottavio (console 165 a.C.) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gneo Ottavio (console 165 a.C.)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_a.C.n.)" title="Gnaeus Octavius (consul 165 a.C.n.) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gnaeus Octavius (consul 165 a.C.n.)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="جنايوس اوكتاڤيوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جنايوس اوكتاڤيوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9_(%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D165%E5%B9%B4%E3%81%AE%E5%9F%B7%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%98)" title="グナエウス・オクタウィウス (紀元前165年の執政官) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グナエウス・オクタウィウス (紀元前165年の執政官)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cneu_Ot%C3%A1vio_(c%C3%B4nsul_em_165_a.C.)" title="Cneu Otávio (cônsul em 165 a.C.) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cneu Otávio (cônsul em 165 a.C.)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB_165_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.)" title="Гней Октавий (консул 165 года до н. э.) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гней Октавий (консул 165 года до н. э.)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnaeus_Octavius_(vuoden_165_eaa._konsuli)" title="Gnaeus Octavius (vuoden 165 eaa. konsuli) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gnaeus Octavius (vuoden 165 eaa. konsuli)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB_165_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D0%B5.)" title="Гней Октавій (консул 165 року до н. е.) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гней Октавій (консул 165 року до н. е.)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1232914#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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consul">consul</a> in 165 BC and was the builder of the <a href="/wiki/Porticus_Octavia" title="Porticus Octavia">Porticus Octavia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_background">Family background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Octavius belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Plebeian" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebeian">plebeian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Gens" title="Gens">gens</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Octavia_gens" title="Octavia gens">Octavia</a>, which had emerged in the middle of the 3rd century.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its first attested member was a Gaius Octavius Rufus, whose two sons founded the two branches of the gens, but the second one, to which later belonged <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Octavian</a> (the future first <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a> Augustus), received much less honours during the Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The elder branch shows a progression in the <a href="/wiki/Cursus_honorum" title="Cursus honorum">cursus honorum</a>: Octavius' grandfather Gnaeus Octavius was <a href="/wiki/Aedile" title="Aedile">aedile curule</a> and his father <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(praetor_205_BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnaeus Octavius (praetor 205 BC) (page does not exist)">Gnaeus Octavius</a> was praetor in 205.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter notably fought at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cannae" title="Battle of Cannae">Cannae</a> in 216 and commanded the fleet from his praetorship to the end of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a> in 202.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then participated in several diplomatic delegations in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_East_and_Latin_West" title="Greek East and Latin West">Greek East</a>: first with <a href="/wiki/Titus_Quinctius_Flamininus" title="Titus Quinctius Flamininus">Flamininus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a> in 197, then to refound <a href="/wiki/Crotone" title="Crotone">Croton</a> as a colony with <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Aemilius_Paullus_Macedonicus" title="Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus">Aemilius Paullus</a> in 194, and again with Flamininus as <a href="/wiki/Legatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Legatus">legate</a> in 192 at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Seleucid_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman–Seleucid War">Syrian War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seems Octavius' father was chosen for his expert knowledge of Greek culture.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He probably died c.190, aged about 55.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Curule_aedile_(172_BC)"><span id="Curule_aedile_.28172_BC.29"></span>Curule aedile (172 BC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Curule aedile (172 BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Octavius was perhaps <a href="/wiki/Quaestor" title="Quaestor">quaestor</a> c.180. His first mention in ancient sources is placed in 172 as curule aedile, an important position for ambitious individuals as aediles were tasked with organising games and corn-supply, two popular activities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The date of 170 is also possible, but modern scholars favour 172 due to Octavius' connection with the <a href="/wiki/Popillia_gens" title="Popillia gens">Popilli Laenates</a>, who won consulships in 173 and 172.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ambassador_in_Greece_(170–169_BC)"><span id="Ambassador_in_Greece_.28170.E2.80.93169_BC.29"></span>Ambassador in Greece (170–169 BC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ambassador in Greece (170–169 BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In autumn 170,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Octavius followed the steps of his father and went to Greece under the consul <a href="/wiki/Aulus_Hostilius_Mancinus" title="Aulus Hostilius Mancinus">Aulus Hostilius Mancinus</a> as legate together with <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Popillius_Laenas" title="Gaius Popillius Laenas">Gaius Popillius Laenas</a>, former consul in 172 when he was praetor.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their mission was to secure the loyalty of the Greek states while the <a href="/wiki/Third_Macedonian_War" title="Third Macedonian War">Third Macedonian War</a> against <a href="/wiki/Perseus_of_Macedon" title="Perseus of Macedon">Perseus</a> had broken out. Mancinus was wintering at <a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larisa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Thessaly" title="Ancient Thessaly">Thessaly</a>, so Octavius and Laenas first went to nearby <a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotia</a>, where they thanked the <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebans</a> for their loyalty.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They next went to the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> and brought the news of the <i><a href="/wiki/Senatus_consultum" title="Senatus consultum">senatus consultum</a></i> that prohibited requisitions from a Roman officials without approuval of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Roman_Republic" title="Senate of the Roman Republic">senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decree was passed to protect the Greeks from the exactions that happened in the 170s. It was also a good way for the senate to better control Roman commanders.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they also told in each city that they knew who were reluctant to support Rome, which created "anxiety" according to the historian <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a>, who was a direct witness of these events.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A federal council of the <a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a> (the dominant state of the Peloponnese) was called at <a href="/wiki/Aegium" title="Aegium">Aegium</a> to receive Octavius and Popillius. Polybius describes a rumour that the Roman legates wanted to accuse <a href="/wiki/Archon_of_Aegeira" title="Archon of Aegeira">Archon</a>, Polybius and his father <a href="/wiki/Lycortas" title="Lycortas">Lycortas</a> of being against Rome at this occasion, but could not do so because they had no proof. The legates simply said a few cordial words before leaving.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seems that Octavius and Popillius had good reasons to suspect them as Lycortas advocated a neutral stance in the war against Perseus, in violation of the Achaean treaty with Rome, but Polybius' rumour is likely a reconstruction based on what happened to him after the war (he was taken prisoner to Rome).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the harsh comment of Polybius on Octavius, he was apparently appreciated in the Peloponnesian cities of <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Elis" title="Ancient Elis">Elis</a> as inscriptions honouring him have been found there.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Octavius and Popillius then attended the meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Aetolian_League" title="Aetolian League">Aetolian League</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thermos_(Aetolia)" title="Thermos (Aetolia)">Thermum</a>, where they demanded hostages. It was likely a strategy to find who would oppose them, but the meeting ended with an Aetolian being stoned by the anti-Romans.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legates left without hostages to <a href="/wiki/Acarnania" title="Acarnania">Acarnania</a>, where they used a similar tactics of antagonising parties. At the meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Acarnanian_League" title="Acarnanian League">Acarnanian League</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thyrium" title="Thyrium">Thyrreum</a>, some pro-Roman Acarnanians asked Roman to have garrisons in their cities—a request rejected by Diogenes, a leader of the anti-Romans.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Octavius and Popillius did not install garrisons and returned to the consul Mancinus in Larisa. <a href="/wiki/N._G._L._Hammond" title="N. G. L. Hammond">N. G. L. Hammond</a> considers that Hostilius and his legates' tactics of threatening even the moderates "must have offset any goodwill which the senatorial decrees were designed to excite".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Octavius then stayed with the consul for the rest of the winter, while Popillius was sent with a thousand soldier in <a href="/wiki/Ambracia" title="Ambracia">Ambracia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is probably in Larisa that Octavius met Athenagoras, who became his personal physician and is named on an inscription from the island of <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Octavius imitated a practice common among Hellenistic generals of having medics in their retinue.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In view of Octavius' rash behaviour in Greece, John Briscoe thinks that he belonged to a group of senators, whom he calls the "Fulvians", that dominated senatorial politics during most of the 170s. Hostilius and the Popillii Laenates were also members of this group. He characterises their activity in Greece as "arrogant and insensitive" and writes that they were responsible for the declaration of war against Perseus.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hayes_Scullard" title="Howard Hayes Scullard">H. H. Scullard</a> thought that Octavius was in the Scipionic group, which counted the Cornelii Scipiones and Aemilius Paullus and opposed the Fulvians.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon his return to Rome in 169, Octavius was appointed <a href="/wiki/Quindecimviri_sacris_faciundis" title="Quindecimviri sacris faciundis">decemvir sacris faciundis</a>, a priest in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Sibylline_Books" title="Sibylline Books">Sibylline Books</a>, for which knowledge of Greek culture and religion was essential.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Praetor_of_the_fleet_(168_BC)"><span id="Praetor_of_the_fleet_.28168_BC.29"></span>Praetor of the fleet (168 BC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Praetor of the fleet (168 BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Third_Macedonian_War" title="Third Macedonian War">Third Macedonian War</a></div> <p>In 168, Aemilius Paullus was elected consul and was given the command of the war; Octavius was elected praetor and received the command of the fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This praetorian command was more independent than the other praetorships from the consul, who only conducted operations on land. Octavius and Paullus left Italy on 29 or 29 May 168; they arrived to <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corcyra</a> the same day, and to <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> five days later, in 2 or 3 June.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the consul Paullus continued from there to <a href="/wiki/Phila_(Pieria)" title="Phila (Pieria)">Phila</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pieria_(regional_unit)" title="Pieria (regional unit)">Pieria</a>, Octavius departed to meet with his fleet at <a href="/wiki/Oreus" title="Oreus">Oreus</a>, on the western tip of <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Roman fleet during the war counted about 40 ships, but could rely on the navies of <a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>, which was enough to keep Perseus' fleet in its harbours.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perseus was even forced to disperse some of his forces (perhaps up to 10,000 men) in several coastal cities to protect them from Roman raids.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoire_de_Samothrace_-_Musee_du_Louvre_-_20190812.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Victoire_de_Samothrace_-_Musee_du_Louvre_-_20190812.jpg/220px-Victoire_de_Samothrace_-_Musee_du_Louvre_-_20190812.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Victoire_de_Samothrace_-_Musee_du_Louvre_-_20190812.jpg/330px-Victoire_de_Samothrace_-_Musee_du_Louvre_-_20190812.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Victoire_de_Samothrace_-_Musee_du_Louvre_-_20190812.jpg/440px-Victoire_de_Samothrace_-_Musee_du_Louvre_-_20190812.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3616" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Winged_Victory_of_Samothrace" title="Winged Victory of Samothrace">Victory of Samothrace</a> (<a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris), perhaps commissioned by Octavius after the capture of <a href="/wiki/Perseus_of_Macedon" title="Perseus of Macedon">Perseus</a> on this spot.</figcaption></figure> <p>As Paullus could not break the front on the <a href="/wiki/Elpeus" title="Elpeus">Elpeus river</a>, he devised a ruse by ordering his <a href="/wiki/Military_tribune" title="Military tribune">military tribune</a> <a href="/wiki/Publius_Cornelius_Scipio_Nasica_Corculum" title="Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum">Scipio Nasica</a> to move south and feign an embarkment at <a href="/wiki/Heracleium_(Pieria)" title="Heracleium (Pieria)">Heracleum</a>, where the fleet was stationed. The goal was to make Perseus believe that Scipio Nasica was about to land behind his lines, whereas he actually marched around <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mt Olympus</a> during the night in order to flank the Macedonian army. Therefore Octavius sailed north in that feigned operation, which successfully compelled Perseus to retreat to <a href="/wiki/Pydna" title="Pydna">Pydna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pydna" title="Battle of Pydna">decisive battle</a> of the war was fought there on 22 June; it resulted in a crushing Roman victory.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perseus retreated to <a href="/wiki/Pella" title="Pella">Pella</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis">Amphipolis</a>, and finally the island of <a href="/wiki/Samothrace" title="Samothrace">Samothrace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Octavius sacked the city of <a href="/wiki/Meliboea_(Magnesia)" title="Meliboea (Magnesia)">Meliboea</a> on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Magnesia_(regional_unit)" title="Magnesia (regional unit)">Magnesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This city was famous for its refined fabrics, which Octavius looted as they were later listed in the triumphal booty of Paullus (the first time luxury textile was mentioned in a triumph).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then sailed to Samothrace in order to capture Perseus, who was protected by the sanctity of the <a href="/wiki/Samothrace_temple_complex" title="Samothrace temple complex">Samothrace temples</a>. Octavius therefore offered an amnesty to the followers of Perseus, who surrendered immediately, and left Perseus alone with his elder son. The king had no choice but to in turn surrender to Octavius, who therefore did not violate the temples with his army.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Octavius brought Perseus to the legate Quintus Aelius Tubero in Amphipolis, who turned him to Paullus.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Octavius finally wintered with the fleet in <a href="/wiki/Demetrias" title="Demetrias">Demetrias</a> in Thessaly.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this occasion, he was likely honoured with an inscription by the small city of <a href="/wiki/Echinus_(Thessaly)" title="Echinus (Thessaly)">Echinous</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Malian_Gulf" title="Malian Gulf">Malian Gulf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Olga_Palagia" title="Olga Palagia">Olga Palagia</a> has suggested that Octavius commissioned the <a href="/wiki/Winged_Victory_of_Samothrace" title="Winged Victory of Samothrace">Victory of Samothrace</a>, a famous statue now in the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> in Paris, in order to commemorate his capture of Perseus in the island, therefore imitating Paullus who built a <a href="/wiki/Monument_of_Aemilius_Paullus" title="Monument of Aemilius Paullus">monument</a> in <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there is no academic consensus on the statue, and many other dates are possible.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the Roman officers in Macedonia were prorogued in their command in 167, including Paullus and Octavius, in order to implement the settlement of Perseus' former kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paullus conveyed an assembly with representatives from all the Macedonian cities in Amphipolis, where he announced the new organisation that would rule them. He addressed the assembly in Latin, but Octavius translated his words into Greek as he spoke.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paullus gathered the massive booty he took from Perseus in Amphipolis and boarded it in Octavius' ships, as well as some merchant cargoes. Octavius then left Macedonia to Italy; he possibly had to sail around the Peloponnese as the ships were too heavy to pass through the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Corinth" title="Isthmus of Corinth">Isthmus of Corinth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Triumph_(167_BC)"><span id="Triumph_.28167_BC.29"></span>Triumph (167 BC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Triumph (167 BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once in Rome, the senate granted a triumph to the three commanders of the war: Paullus, Octavius, and <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Anicius_Gallus" title="Lucius Anicius Gallus">Lucius Anicius Gallus</a>, another praetor who had fought in <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a>. Paullus' triumph was contested because his men found that their share of the booty was too small, but Livy adds that there was no opposition against the triumphs of Octavius and Gallus.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paullus offered 100 <a href="/wiki/Denarius" title="Denarius">denarii</a> to every foot soldier, 200 to centurions, and 300 to <a href="/wiki/Equites" title="Equites">knights</a>. Gallus gave 45, 90, and 150 to the same respective ranks. Octavius gave "75 denarii to each of the seamen, 150 denarii to the pilots of the ships and 300 denarii to the captains".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Octavius' gifts were larger than Gallus' because he had less soldiers as commander of the navy, and also perhaps because he had a good relationship with Paullus, who shared more of his booty with him. Octavius' triumph was nevertheless much less ostentatious than that of Paullus, who paraded over three days (3–5 September 167) 500 carts of looted artworks as well as Perseus and his family. Octavius celebrated his on 6 September, but had no prisoner nor any spoil to show off.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Briscoe notes that Octavius did not do much to receive a triumph apart from capturing Perseus, but "in the prevailing euphoria, the senate was not going to refuse a triumph to one of the three commanders responsible for securing total victory".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the last time in Roman history that a naval praetor celebrated a triumph.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Building_program">Building program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Building program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Using the spoils from war, Octavius built a house on the <a href="/wiki/Palatine_Hill" title="Palatine Hill">Palatine Hill</a>, increasing his status in Rome. It was at this time that Octavius also built the extravagant <a href="/wiki/Porticus_Octavia" title="Porticus Octavia">Porticus Octavia</a>, which was restored by <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> but was destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Rome" title="Great Fire of Rome">Great Fire of Rome</a>, before the death of <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consul_(165_BC)"><span id="Consul_.28165_BC.29"></span>Consul (165 BC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Consul (165 BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Octavius was elected consul in 165, alongside the patrician <a href="/wiki/Titus_Manlius_Torquatus_(consul_165_BC)" title="Titus Manlius Torquatus (consul 165 BC)">Titus Manlius Torquatus</a>, therefore becoming a <i><a href="/wiki/Novus_homo" title="Novus homo">homo novus</a></i>, the first member of his family to reach the consulship.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Very little is known on Octavius' consulship, because <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita_(Livy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab urbe condita (Livy)">manuscript</a> ends in 166, just before the account of his consulship. He is nevertheless mentioned in two Greek inscriptions. The first one reproduces a <i>senatus consultum</i> that followed a convocation of the senate by the consul Octavius, which deals with the royal lands that Perseus once held in Magnesia. The stone was found in Demetrias, the city where Octavius wintered in 168–167 and with which he had kept a good relationship. The stone is too damaged to detail further the content of the decree.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Octavius as is also mentioned in a similar inscription reproducing the <i>senatus consultum de privilegiis Delphorum</i>, granting privileges to <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a> after a meeting of the senate called by Octavius.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ambassador_in_Syria_(162_BC)"><span id="Ambassador_in_Syria_.28162_BC.29"></span>Ambassador in Syria (162 BC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ambassador in Syria (162 BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 162 BC, Octavius was sent as an ambassador to Syria with two colleagues, Spurius Lucretius and Lucius Aurelius. This was done with the pretext of enforcing the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Apamea" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Apamea">Peace of Apamea</a>, although it may also have been as an excuse to weaken the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a> in general. There, Octavius ordered the hamstringing of the Syrian <a href="/wiki/War_elephants" class="mw-redirect" title="War elephants">war elephants</a> as well as the burning of the Seleucid fleet to enforce the treaty. The regent, <a href="/wiki/Lysias_(Syrian_chancellor)" title="Lysias (Syrian chancellor)">Lysias</a> (on behalf of the young king <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_V_Eupator" title="Antiochus V Eupator">Antiochus V Eupator</a>), allowed this as he had little appetite for a war with Rome, but this act was deeply unpopular. Someone named Leptines of <a href="/wiki/Laodicea_in_Syria" title="Laodicea in Syria">Laodicea</a> assassinated Octavius at the <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(ancient_Greece)" title="Gymnasium (ancient Greece)">gymnasium</a> to avenge the slight to Seleucid honor and the death of the elephants.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only source for this is the historian <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a>, who writes a stunning conclusion to the story. According to Polybius, Leptines was proud of his act and openly bragged of it, confident in the gods' approval. Another demagogue named Isocrates suggested killing the other Roman envoys, too. When Polybius's friend <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_Soter" title="Demetrius I Soter">Demetrius I</a> took control of the Seleucid Empire from Lysias, Leptines approached Demetrius of his own free will and asked to be sent to Rome to persuade the Senate of the justness of his actions. Demetrius sent Leptines, Isocrates, and a present of a crown valued at 10,000 gold pieces to Rome. The Senate blandly responded to Demetrius, gave Leptines a hearing, and set him free.<sup id="cite_ref-seeman_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seeman-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various historians have attempted to explain what happened here, although most think that Polybius is leaving something out or slanting the story in some way, as the Senate "in a fit of insanity, publicly released the avowed murderer of their chief legate, rewarding Leptines' open defiance of Rome's will"<sup id="cite_ref-seeman_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seeman-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seems unbelievable without some additional reason. Chris Seeman suggests that perhaps the Senate sought to save face as Octavius had been part of a delegation that still ultimately supported Antiochus V's rule rather than Demetrius's, and disavowing Octavius as a representative would allow Rome to recognize Demetrius's rule more easily without seemingly changing their mind on a dime.<sup id="cite_ref-seeman_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seeman-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descendants">Descendants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Descendants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Octavius had at least three children. The eldest was <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_128_BC)" title="Gnaeus Octavius (consul 128 BC)">Gnaeus Octavius</a>, elected consul in 128, but nothing is known of his consulship. Another son named <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Octavius_(tribune_of_the_plebs_133_BC)" title="Marcus Octavius (tribune of the plebs 133 BC)">Marcus</a> was <a href="/wiki/Tribune_of_the_plebs" title="Tribune of the plebs">tribune of the plebs</a> in 133; he is mostly known for having opposed his colleague the famous reformer <a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Gracchus" title="Tiberius Gracchus">Tiberius Gracchus</a>. A third son named Lucius is only known through the filiation of his son, a senator at the end of the 2nd century.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All dates BC unless specified otherwise.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "Ancestry and Career", p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "Ancestry and Career", p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "Ancestry and Career", p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "Ancestry and Career", pp. 79, 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "Ancestry and Career", pp. 80, 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "Ancestry and Career", p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Broughton, <i>Magistrates</i>, vol. I, pp. 411, 415 (note 13).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charneux, "Rome et la confédération achéene", pp. 194–197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walbank, <i>Commentary on Polybius</i>, vol. III, p. 330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burton, <i>Third Macedonian War</i>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Briscoe, "Q. Marcius Philippus", p. 74; "Eastern Policy", p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, xxxviii. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walbank, <i>Commentary on Polybius</i>, vol. III, p. 331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charneux, "Rome et la confédération achéene", pp. 182–189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherk, <i>Translated Documents of Greece and Rome vol. 4</i>, pp. 22, 23, for a translation of the inscription from Argos.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "Ancestry and Career", p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Famerie, "Aspects diplomatiques", p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hammond & F. W. Walbank, <i>A History of Macedonia</i>, p. 523.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charneux, "Rome et la confédération achéene", pp. 190–192, thinks that the legates were actually moderate, Octavius more than Popillius.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "Ancestry and Career", pp. 82, 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hallof, Hallof, Habicht, "Aus der Arbeit der «Inscriptiones Graecae» II", pp. 105–107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "Ancestry and Career", p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Briscoe, "Eastern Policy", p. 60, 63–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scullard, <i>Roman Politics</i>, p. 208. Scullard and Briscoe agree on the existence of a Fulvian and a Scipionic groups.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "Ancestry and Career", p. 89, does not take a position.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Broughton, <i>Magistrates</i>, vol. I, p. 426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rüpke (ed.), <i>Fasti Sacerdotum</i>, p. 818.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Broughton, <i>Magistrates</i>, vol. I, p. 428.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burton, <i>Third Macedonian War</i>, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Briscoe, <i>Commentary on Livy, books 41–45</i>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burton, <i>Third Macedonian War</i>, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brennan, <i>The Praetorship</i>, pp. 211, 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hammond & F. W. Walbank, <i>A History of Macedonia</i>, p. 539.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hammond & F. W. Walbank, <i>A History of Macedonia</i>, p. 545.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Briscoe, <i>Commentary on Livy, books 41–45</i>, p. 599.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burton, <i>Third Macedonian War</i>, pp. 163, 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hammond & F. W. Walbank, <i>A History of Macedonia</i>, pp. 552–557.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hammond & F. W. Walbank, <i>A History of Macedonia</i>, p. 558.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hammond & F. W. Walbank, <i>A History of Macedonia</i>, p. 559.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burton, <i>Third Macedonian War</i>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "New Men and Greek War Booty", p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Palagia, "The Victory of Samothrace", p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walbank, <i>Commentary on Polybius</i>, vol. III, p. 392.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burton, <i>Third Macedonian War</i>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bliquez, "Gnaeus Octavius and the Echinaioi", pp. 431–434.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Badoud, "La Victoire de Samothrace", §§ 2–18, for the list of all the alternatives. Badoud favours a date after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chios_(201_BC)" title="Battle of Chios (201 BC)">Battle of Chios</a> in 201 BC.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brennan, <i>The Praetorship</i>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "Ancestry and Career", p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hammond & F. W. Walbank, <i>A History of Macedonia</i>, pp. 563, 564.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "New Men and Greek War Booty", pp. 135, 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "New Men and Greek War Booty", p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brennan, <i>The Praetorship</i>, p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Livy, <i>Ab Urbe Condita</i> 45.33-35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Briscoe, <i>Commentary on Livy, books 41–45</i>, pp. 29 (for the dates), 755.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Briscoe, <i>Commentary on Livy, books 41–45</i>, pp. 754, 755.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brennan, <i>The Praetorship</i>, p. 337 (note 221), records two previous instances.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/De_Officiis" title="De Officiis">De Officiis</a></i> 1.39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRichardson,_Lawrence.1992" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Lawrence. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/260158113"><i>A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome</i></a>. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-4300-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-4300-6"><bdi>0-8018-4300-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/260158113">260158113</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+new+topographical+dictionary+of+ancient+Rome&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+Univ.+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F260158113&rft.isbn=0-8018-4300-6&rft.au=Richardson%2C+Lawrence.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F260158113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGnaeus+Octavius+%28consul+165+BC%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1870" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, ed. (1870). "Octavius 3". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Octavius+3&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Biography+and+Mythology&rft.date=1870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGnaeus+Octavius+%28consul+165+BC%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Broughton, <i>Magistrates</i>, vol. I, p. 438.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Famerie, "Aspects diplomatiques", §21, 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherk, <i>Roman Document from the Greek East</i>, pp. 23, 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Famerie, "Aspects diplomatiques", §22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Polybius, <i>The Histories</i>, 31.12, 31.18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seeman-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seeman_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seeman_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seeman_66-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeeman2013" class="citation book cs1">Seeman, Chris (2013). <i>Rome and Judea in Transition: Hasmonean Relations with the Roman Republic and the Evolution of the High Priesthood</i>. American University Studies Series VII: Theology and Religion 325. Peter Lang Publishing. pp. 127–130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-433-12103-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-433-12103-6"><bdi>978-1-433-12103-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+and+Judea+in+Transition%3A+Hasmonean+Relations+with+the+Roman+Republic+and+the+Evolution+of+the+High+Priesthood&rft.series=American+University+Studies+Series+VII%3A+Theology+and+Religion+325&rft.pages=127-130&rft.pub=Peter+Lang+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-433-12103-6&rft.aulast=Seeman&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGnaeus+Octavius+%28consul+165+BC%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pietilä-Castrén, "Ancestry and Career", pp. 90–92.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_sources">Ancient sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ancient sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/De_Officiis" title="De Officiis">De officiis</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita_(Livy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab urbe condita (Livy)">Ab Urbe Condita</a>.</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Histories_(Polybius)" title="The Histories (Polybius)">The Histories</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_sources">Modern sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Modern sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nathan Badoud, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-archeologique-2018-2-page-279.htm">La Victoire de Samothrace, défaite de Philippe V</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Revue_Arch%C3%A9ologique" title="Revue Archéologique">Revue archéologique</a></i>, 2018/2 (n° 66), pp. 279–306.</li></ul> <ul><li>Lawrence J. Bliquez, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/147513">Gnaeus Octavius and the Echinaioi</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Hesperia_(journal)" title="Hesperia (journal)">Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens</a></i>, Vol. 44, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1975), pp. 431–434.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Corey_Brennan" title="T. Corey Brennan">T. Corey Brennan</a>, <i>The Praetorship in the Roman Republic</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511460-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511460-7">978-0-19-511460-7</a></li> <li>John Briscoe, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/298652">Q. Marcius Philippus and Nova Sapientia</a>", <i>The Journal of Roman Studies</i>, 1964, Vol. 54, Parts 1 and 2 (1964), pp. 66–77.</li> <li>——, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4435060">Eastern Policy and Senatorial Politics 168-146 B.C.</a>", <i>Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte</i>, Bd. 18, H. 1 (Jan., 1969), pp. 49–70.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Shannon_Broughton" title="Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton">T. Robert S. Broughton</a>, <i>The Magistrates of the Roman Republic</i>, American Philological Association, 1951–1952.</li> <li>Pierre Charneux, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/bch_0007-4217_1957_num_81_1_2371">Rome et la confédération achéene (automne 170)</a>", <i>Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique</i>, 81, 1957, pp. 181–202.</li> <li>Etienne Famerie, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/159014/1/Famerie%20-%20Conf%C3%A9rences%20EPHE%20(2013).pdf">Aspects diplomatiques de la politique romaine dans l'orient grec (IIe s. av. J.-C.)</a>", <i>Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Annuaire, résumés des conférences et travaux</i>, 144<sup>e</sup> année, 2011-2012, pp. 46–52.</li> <li>Luise Hallof, Klaus Hallof, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Habicht_(historian)" title="Christian Habicht (historian)">Christian Habicht</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.dainst.org/journals/chiron/985/5352">Aus der Arbeit der «Inscriptiones Graecae» II. Ehrendekrete aus dem Asklepieion von Kos</a>", <i>Chiron</i>, Issue 28, 1998, pp. 101–142.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._G._L._Hammond" title="N. G. L. Hammond">N. G. L. Hammond</a> & F. W. Walbank, <i>A History of Macedonia, volume III, 336-167 B. C.</i>, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1988. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0198148151" title="Special:BookSources/0198148151">0198148151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Palagia" title="Olga Palagia">Olga Palagia</a>, "The Victory of Samothrace and the Aftermath of the Battle of Pydna", in Olga Palagia & Bonna D. Wescoat (editors), <i>Samothracian connections, Essays in honor of James R. McCredie</i>, Oxford and Oakville, Oxbow Books, 2010, pp. 154–164. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84217-970-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84217-970-3">978-1-84217-970-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Pauly" title="August Pauly">August Pauly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wissowa" title="Georg Wissowa">Georg Wissowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elimar_Klebs" title="Elimar Klebs">Elimar Klebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_M%C3%BCnzer" title="Friedrich Münzer">Friedrich Münzer</a>, Franz Miltner, <i>et alii</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Realencyclop%C3%A4die_der_Classischen_Altertumswissenschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft">Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft</a></i> (abbreviated <i>RE</i>), J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart, 1894–1980.</li> <li>Leena Pietilä-Castrén, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.fi/arctos/article/view/87974/47173">New Men and Greek War Booty in the 2nd Century BC</a>", <i>Arctos, Acta Philologica Fennica</i>, XVI, 1982, pp. 121–144.</li> <li>——, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.fi/arctos/article/view/87924/47134">The ancestry and career of Cn. Octavius, COS 165 BC</a>", <i>Arctos, Acta Philologica Fennica</i>, vol. XVIII, 1984, pp. 75–92.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_R%C3%BCpke" title="Jörg Rüpke">Jörg Rüpke</a>, Anne Glock, David Richardson (translator), <i>Fasti Sacerdotum: A Prosopography of Pagan, Jewish, and Christian Religious Officials in the City of Rome, 300 BC to AD 499</i>, Oxford University Press, 2008.</li> <li>Robert K. Sherk, <i>Roman Document from the Greek East,</i> Senatus Consulta <i>and</i> Epistulae <i>to the Age of Augustus</i>, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1969.</li> <li>——, <i>Translated Documents of Greece and Rome vol. 4, Rome and the Greek East to the Death of Augustus</i>, Cambridge University Press, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521271233" title="Special:BookSources/9780521271233">9780521271233</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Claudius_Marcellus_(consul_166_BC)" title="Marcus Claudius Marcellus (consul 166 BC)">Marcus Claudius Marcellus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Sulpicius_Gallus" title="Gaius Sulpicius Gallus">Gaius Sulpicius Galus</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_Republican_consuls" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman Republican consuls">Consul</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> </b><br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Titus_Manlius_Torquatus_(consul_165_BC)" title="Titus Manlius Torquatus (consul 165 BC)">Titus Manlius Torquatus</a></i><br /> 165 BC </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Quintus Cassius Longinus and Aulus Manlius Torquatus</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&oldid=1239024282">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gnaeus_Octavius_(consul_165_BC)&oldid=1239024282</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Roman_generals" title="Category:Ancient Roman generals">Ancient Roman generals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2nd-century_BC_Roman_consuls" title="Category:2nd-century BC Roman consuls">2nd-century BC Roman consuls</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Octavii_Rufi" title="Category:Octavii Rufi">Octavii Rufi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:162_BC_deaths" title="Category:162 BC deaths">162 BC deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2nd-century_BC_diplomats" title="Category:2nd-century BC diplomats">2nd-century BC diplomats</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_DGRBM" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRBM">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRBM</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_DGRBM_without_a_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRBM without a Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRBM without a Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_unknown" title="Category:Year of birth unknown">Year of birth unknown</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 August 2024, at 23:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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