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</a> <button aria-controls="toc-Human_geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Human geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Human_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Communications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways_and_ferries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways_and_ferries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Railways and ferries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways_and_ferries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footpaths_and_bridleways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footpaths_and_bridleways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Footpaths and bridleways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footpaths_and_bridleways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Land ownership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Physical geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Physical_geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Physical geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Physical_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cumbrian_Mountains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cumbrian_Mountains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cumbrian Mountains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cumbrian_Mountains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Northern_Fells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Fells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Northern Fells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Fells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Western_Fells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Western_Fells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>North Western Fells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Western_Fells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Fells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Fells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Western Fells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Fells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Fells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Fells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Central Fells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Fells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Fells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Fells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Eastern Fells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Fells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Far_Eastern_Fells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Far_Eastern_Fells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.6</span> <span>Far Eastern Fells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Far_Eastern_Fells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Fells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Fells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.7</span> <span>Southern Fells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Fells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeastern_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeastern_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.8</span> <span>Southeastern area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeastern_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valleys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valleys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Valleys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valleys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Woodlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Woodlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Woodlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Woodlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Coast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wildlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Wildlife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wildlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture_and_forestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture_and_forestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Agriculture and forestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture_and_forestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Development of tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Historical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.2</span> <span>Recent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Gastronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature_and_the_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_and_the_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Literature and the arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Literature_and_the_arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Literature and the arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Literature_and_the_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Visual arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Musicians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nomenclature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Nomenclature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake District</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA" title="ليك ديستريكت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليك ديستريكت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6l_b%C3%B6lg%C9%99si" title="Göl bölgəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Göl bölgəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezern%C3%AD_oblast" title="Jezerní oblast – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jezerní oblast" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardal_y_Llynnoedd,_Lloegr" title="Ardal y Llynnoedd, Lloegr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ardal y Llynnoedd, Lloegr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parque_nacional_del_Distrito_de_los_Lagos" title="Parque nacional del Distrito de los Lagos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parque nacional del Distrito de los Lagos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laga_Distrikto" title="Laga Distrikto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Laga Distrikto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="لیک دیستریکت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیک دیستریکت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marrekrite_(Ingel%C3%A2n)" title="Marrekrite (Ingelân) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Marrekrite (Ingelân)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrito_dos_Lagos" title="Distrito dos Lagos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Distrito dos Lagos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%94%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AD%ED%8A%B8" title="레이크디스트릭트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레이크디스트릭트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD_(%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Լճային երկրամաս (Մեծ Բրիտանիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լճային երկրամաս (Մեծ Բրիտանիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אזור האגמים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אזור האגמים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_(%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="ტბების მხარე (დიდი ბრიტანეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტბების მხარე (დიდი ბრიტანეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_an_Lynnyn" title="Pow an Lynnyn – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow an Lynnyn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leikdistrikta_nacion%C4%81lais_parks" title="Leikdistrikta nacionālais parks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Leikdistrikta nacionālais parks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%BEer%C5%B3_kra%C5%A1tas" title="Ežerų kraštas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ežerų kraštas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA" title="ليك ديستريكت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليك ديستريكت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationaal_park_Lake_District" title="Nationaal park Lake District – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nationaal park Lake District" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="湖水地方 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="湖水地方" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9_%DA%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%B9" title="لیک ڈسٹرکٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیک ڈسٹرکٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Озёрный край – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Озёрный край" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englannin_j%C3%A4rviseutu" title="Englannin järviseutu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Englannin järviseutu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஏரி மாவட்டம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஏரி மாவட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="เลกดิสตริกต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลกดิสตริกต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Озерний край (Велика Британія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Озерний край (Велика Британія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lake District" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_District&params=54_30_N_3_10_W_region:GB_dim:200000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°10′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.500°N 3.167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.500; -3.167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District_National_Park&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake District National Park">Lake District National Park</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mountainous region and national park in North West England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the mountainous region in North West England. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lake_District_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lake District (disambiguation)">Lake District (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Lake District</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname">Cumbrian Mountains</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keswick_Panorama_-_Oct_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Keswick_Panorama_-_Oct_2009.jpg/272px-Keswick_Panorama_-_Oct_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Keswick_Panorama_-_Oct_2009.jpg/408px-Keswick_Panorama_-_Oct_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Keswick_Panorama_-_Oct_2009.jpg/544px-Keswick_Panorama_-_Oct_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10814" data-file-height="3822" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">The <a href="/wiki/Skiddaw" title="Skiddaw">Skiddaw</a> massif, town of <a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derwentwater" title="Derwentwater">Derwent Water</a> seen from <a href="/wiki/Walla_Crag" title="Walla Crag">Walla Crag</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Highest point</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Peak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scafell_Pike" title="Scafell Pike">Scafell Pike</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">978 m (3,209 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_District&params=54.45424_N_3.2116_W_type:mountain_region:GB_scale:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°27′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°12′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.45424°N 3.21160°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.45424; -3.21160</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geography</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_80dbb9e01cfd790e6cd132f107ab5aaac18039f5"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Lake_District&revid=1259063050&groups=_80dbb9e01cfd790e6cd132f107ab5aaac18039f5" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Lake_District&revid=1259063050&groups=_80dbb9e01cfd790e6cd132f107ab5aaac18039f5 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data label">England, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest lakes by area</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ullswater" title="Ullswater">Ullswater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derwentwater" title="Derwentwater">Derwentwater</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest settlements</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambleside" title="Ambleside">Ambleside</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windermere,_Cumbria_(town)" title="Windermere, Cumbria (town)">Windermere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orogeny" title="Orogeny">Orogenies</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_orogeny" title="Acadian orogeny">Acadian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Variscan_orogeny" title="Variscan orogeny">Variscan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geological_time_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological time scale">Rock age</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Primarily <a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_types" title="List of rock types">Rock type(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Primarily <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_rock" title="Volcanic rock">volcanic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;">Lake District National Park</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="background-color: #A5CADA;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories" title="IUCN protected area categories">IUCN category</a> V (protected landscape/seascape)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_District_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lake_District_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg/280px-Lake_District_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lake_District_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg/420px-Lake_District_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lake_District_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg/560px-Lake_District_National_Park_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Lake District national park</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">2,362 km<sup>2</sup> (912 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-ldnpfaf_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ldnpfaf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">9 May 1951</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Visitors</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Visitors a year: 15.8 million</li> <li>Visitor days a year: 23.1 million<sup id="cite_ref-facts_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facts-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data">Lake District National Park Authority</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">The English Lake District</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: ii, v, vi</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/422">422</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2017 (41st <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">229,205.19 ha</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Lake District</b>, also known as <i>the Lakes</i> or <i>Lakeland</i>, is a mountainous region and <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">national park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a>. It is famous for its landscape, including its lakes, coast, and the <b>Cumbrian mountains</b>, and for its literary associations with <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Potter" title="Beatrix Potter">Beatrix Potter</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a>. </p><p>The Cumbrian mountains, or <a href="/wiki/Fells" class="mw-redirect" title="Fells">fells</a>, include England's <a href="/wiki/List_of_P600_mountains_in_the_British_Isles" title="List of P600 mountains in the British Isles">highest</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Scafell_Pike" title="Scafell Pike">Scafell Pike</a> (978 m; 3,209 ft), <a href="/wiki/Helvellyn" title="Helvellyn">Helvellyn</a> (950 m; 3,120 ft) and <a href="/wiki/Skiddaw" title="Skiddaw">Skiddaw</a> (931 m; 3,054 ft). The region also contains sixteen major lakes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They include <a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a>, which with a length of 11 miles (18 km) and an area of 5.69 square miles (14.73 km<sup>2</sup>) is the longest and largest lake in England, and <a href="/wiki/Wast_Water" title="Wast Water">Wast Water</a>, which at 79 metres (259 ft) is the deepest lake in England.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lake District National Park was established in 1951, and covers an area of 2,362 km<sup>2</sup> (912 square miles), the bulk of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-ldnpfaf_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ldnpfaf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was designated a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_Park">National Park</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: National Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Parks_in_England_and_Wales.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/National_Parks_in_England_and_Wales.svg/200px-National_Parks_in_England_and_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/National_Parks_in_England_and_Wales.svg/300px-National_Parks_in_England_and_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/National_Parks_in_England_and_Wales.svg/400px-National_Parks_in_England_and_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="1181" /></a><figcaption>Lake District National Park (shown as number 2) in a map of national parks in England and Wales.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Lake District National Park</b> includes all of the central Lake District, though the town of <a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a>, some coastal areas and the <a href="/wiki/Cartmel_Peninsula" title="Cartmel Peninsula">Cartmel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Furness" title="Furness">Furness</a> peninsulas are outside the park boundary. The area was designated a <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks of England and Wales">national park</a> on 9 May 1951, a month after the <a href="/wiki/Peak_District" title="Peak District">Peak District</a>, the first UK national park. It retained its original boundaries until 2016, when it was extended by 3% to the east, in the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park" title="Yorkshire Dales National Park">Yorkshire Dales National Park</a>, to incorporate areas land of high landscape value around the <a href="/wiki/Lune_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Lune Valley">Lune Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The national park received 18.14 million tourist visitors in 2022. This equates to 29.15 million tourist days, counting visits of greater than three hours.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the largest of the thirteen national parks in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a> and the second largest in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Cairngorms_National_Park" title="Cairngorms National Park">Cairngorms National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its aim is to protect the landscape by restricting unwelcome change by industry or commerce. The area of the national park, with the exception of the 2016 extension, was designated a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 2017 as a <a href="/wiki/Cultural_landscape" title="Cultural landscape">cultural landscape</a>. This was the fourth attempt to list the park, after two attempts in the 1980s and one in 2012 failed.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The park is governed by the Lake District National Park Authority, which is based at offices in <a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a>. It runs a visitor centre on <a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a> at a former country house called <a href="/wiki/Brockhole_Lake_District_Visitor_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Brockhole Lake District Visitor Centre">Brockhole</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coniston Boating Centre,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and information centres. The park authority has 20 members: six appointed by Westmorland and Furness Council, four by Cumberland Council, and ten by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Secretary of State for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_geography">Human geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Human geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_District_Map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lake_District_Map.PNG/220px-Lake_District_Map.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lake_District_Map.PNG/330px-Lake_District_Map.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lake_District_Map.PNG/440px-Lake_District_Map.PNG 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>The location of the Lake District and approximate extent, shown in white, within <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">Northern England</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The precise extent of the Lake District is undefined, but it is sometimes considered<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (May 2024)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> to be slightly larger than that of the National Park, whose total area is about 2,362 square kilometres (912 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-ldnpfaf_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ldnpfaf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The park extends just over 51 kilometres (32 mi) from east to west and nearly 64 kilometres (40 mi) from north to south,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with areas such as the Lake District Peninsulas to the south lying outside the National Park.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlement">Settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are only a few major settlements within this mountainous area: the towns of <a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a>; <a href="/wiki/Windermere,_Cumbria_(town)" title="Windermere, Cumbria (town)">Windermere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bowness-on-Windermere" title="Bowness-on-Windermere">Bowness-on-Windermere</a> (which are contiguous); and Ambleside, are the three largest. The economies of all these are heavily dependent on tourism. Significant settlements close to the boundary of the national park include <a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulverston" title="Ulverston">Ulverston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalton-in-Furness" title="Dalton-in-Furness">Dalton-in-Furness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitehaven" title="Whitehaven">Whitehaven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cockermouth" title="Cockermouth">Cockermouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penrith,_Cumbria" title="Penrith, Cumbria">Penrith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millom" title="Millom">Millom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grange-over-Sands" title="Grange-over-Sands">Grange-over-Sands</a>; each of these has important economic links with the area. Other villages are <a href="/wiki/Coniston,_Cumbria" title="Coniston, Cumbria">Coniston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Threlkeld" title="Threlkeld">Threlkeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenridding" title="Glenridding">Glenridding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pooley_Bridge" title="Pooley Bridge">Pooley Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broughton-in-Furness" title="Broughton-in-Furness">Broughton-in-Furness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grasmere_(village)" title="Grasmere (village)">Grasmere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newby_Bridge" title="Newby Bridge">Newby Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staveley,_Cumbria" title="Staveley, Cumbria">Staveley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lindale,_Cumbria" title="Lindale, Cumbria">Lindale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gosforth,_Cumbria" title="Gosforth, Cumbria">Gosforth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawkshead" title="Hawkshead">Hawkshead</a>. Beyond these are a scattering of hamlets and many isolated farmsteads, some of which are still tied to agriculture;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> others now function as part of the tourist economy.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communications">Communications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Communications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roads">Roads</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A591_road,_Lake_District_-_June_2009_Edit_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/A591_road%2C_Lake_District_-_June_2009_Edit_1.jpg/220px-A591_road%2C_Lake_District_-_June_2009_Edit_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/A591_road%2C_Lake_District_-_June_2009_Edit_1.jpg/330px-A591_road%2C_Lake_District_-_June_2009_Edit_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/A591_road%2C_Lake_District_-_June_2009_Edit_1.jpg/440px-A591_road%2C_Lake_District_-_June_2009_Edit_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="2573" /></a><figcaption>The A591 road as it passes through the countryside between Ambleside and Grasmere</figcaption></figure> <p>The Lake District is very nearly contained within a box of <a href="/wiki/Trunk_road" title="Trunk road">trunk routes</a> and major A roads. It is flanked to the east by the <a href="/wiki/A6_road_(England)" title="A6 road (England)">A6 road</a>, which runs from Kendal to Penrith (though the National Park extension approved in 2015 is east of the A6); across its southern fringes by the <a href="/wiki/A590_road" title="A590 road">A590</a>, which connects the M6 to Barrow-in-Furness, and the <a href="/wiki/A5092_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A5092 road">A5092</a>, and across its northern edge by the <a href="/wiki/A66_road" title="A66 road">A66</a> trunk road between Penrith and <a href="/wiki/Workington" title="Workington">Workington</a>. The <a href="/wiki/A595_road" title="A595 road">A595</a> (linking the A66 with the A5092) forms the park boundary from Calder Bridge to Holmrook, then crosses the coastal plain of the park until turning inland at the Whicham Valley, forming much of the park boundary again until joining the A5092 at Grizebeck. </p><p>Besides these, a few <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_road_numbering_scheme" title="Great Britain road numbering scheme">A roads</a> penetrate the area itself, notably the <a href="/wiki/A591" class="mw-redirect" title="A591">A591</a> which runs north-westwards from Kendal to Windermere and then on to Keswick. It continues up the east side of <a href="/wiki/Bassenthwaite_Lake" title="Bassenthwaite Lake">Bassenthwaite Lake</a>. "The A591, Grasmere, Lake District" was short-listed in the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View" title="Google Street View">Google Street View</a> awards in the Most Romantic Street category. The <a href="/wiki/A593_road" title="A593 road">A593</a> and <a href="/wiki/A5084_road_(Great_Britain)#Four-digit_roads_(50xx)" class="mw-redirect" title="A5084 road (Great Britain)">A5084</a> link the Ambleside and Coniston areas with the A590 to the south whilst the <a href="/wiki/A592_road" title="A592 road">A592</a> and <a href="/wiki/A5074_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A5074 road">A5074</a> similarly link Windermere with the A590. The A592 also continues northwards from Windermere to <a href="/wiki/Ullswater" title="Ullswater">Ullswater</a> and Penrith by way of the <a href="/wiki/Kirkstone_Pass" title="Kirkstone Pass">Kirkstone Pass</a>. </p><p>Some valleys which are not penetrated by A roads are served by <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_road_numbering_scheme" title="Great Britain road numbering scheme">B roads</a>. The B5289 serves Lorton Vale and <a href="/wiki/Buttermere,_Cumbria_(village)" title="Buttermere, Cumbria (village)">Buttermere</a> and links via the <a href="/wiki/Honister_Pass" title="Honister Pass">Honister Pass</a> with <a href="/wiki/Borrowdale" title="Borrowdale">Borrowdale</a>. The <a href="/wiki/B5292_road" class="mw-redirect" title="B5292 road">B5292</a> ascends the <a href="/wiki/Whinlatter_Pass" title="Whinlatter Pass">Whinlatter Pass</a> from Lorton Vale before dropping down to <a href="/wiki/Braithwaite" title="Braithwaite">Braithwaite</a> near Keswick. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=B5322_road&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B5322 road (page does not exist)">B5322</a> serves the valley of <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_in_the_Vale" title="St John's in the Vale">St John's in the Vale</a> whilst <a href="/wiki/Great_Langdale" title="Great Langdale">Great Langdale</a> is served by the <a href="/wiki/B5343_road" class="mw-redirect" title="B5343 road">B5343</a>. Other valleys such as <a href="/wiki/Little_Langdale" title="Little Langdale">Little Langdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eskdale,_Cumbria" title="Eskdale, Cumbria">Eskdale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duddon_Valley" title="Duddon Valley">Dunnerdale</a> are served by minor roads. The last of these is connected with the first two by the <a href="/wiki/Wrynose_Pass" title="Wrynose Pass">Wrynose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hardknott_Pass" title="Hardknott Pass">Hardknott</a> passes respectively; both of these passes are known for their steep gradients and are together one of the most popular <a href="/wiki/Climbing_specialist" title="Climbing specialist">climbs</a> in the United Kingdom for cycling enthusiasts.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A minor road through the <a href="/wiki/Newlands_Valley" title="Newlands Valley">Newlands Valley</a> connects via <a href="/wiki/Newlands_Hause" class="mw-redirect" title="Newlands Hause">Newlands Hause</a> with the B5289 at Buttermere. <a href="/wiki/Wasdale" title="Wasdale">Wasdale</a> is served by a cul-de-sac minor road,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as is <a href="/wiki/Longsleddale" title="Longsleddale">Longsleddale</a> and the valleys at <a href="/wiki/Haweswater_Reservoir" title="Haweswater Reservoir">Haweswater</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kentmere" title="Kentmere">Kentmere</a>. There are networks of minor roads in the lower-lying southern part of the area, connecting numerous communities between Kendal, Windermere, and Coniston.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railways_and_ferries">Railways and ferries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Railways and ferries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a> skirts the eastern edge of the Lake District and the <a href="/wiki/Cumbrian_Coast_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumbrian Coast Line">Cumbrian Coast Line</a> passes through the southern and western fringes of the area. A single railway line, the <a href="/wiki/Windermere_Branch_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Windermere Branch Line">Windermere Branch Line</a>, penetrates from Kendal to Windermere via Staveley. Railways once served Broughton-in-Furness and Coniston (closed to passengers in 1958) and another ran from Penrith to Cockermouth via Keswick (closed west of Keswick in 1966 and completely in 1972). Part of the track of the latter is used by the improved A66 trunk road. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cumbrian_Coast_line" title="Cumbrian Coast line">Cumbrian Coast line</a> has three stations within the boundaries of the national park (and additionally <a href="/wiki/Drigg" title="Drigg">Drigg</a>, about a third of a mile from the park boundary). The line gives railway enthusiasts and others a flavour of a pre-<a href="/wiki/Beeching_cuts" title="Beeching cuts">Beeching</a> railway line, with features like manually operated level crossing gates, as well as giving a good connection to the steam railway into Eskdale and providing access for cyclists and serious walkers to the Western Fells.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The narrow gauge <a href="/wiki/Ravenglass_and_Eskdale_Railway" title="Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway">Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway</a> runs from <a href="/wiki/Ravenglass" title="Ravenglass">Ravenglass</a> on the west coast up Eskdale as far as Dalegarth Station near the hamlet of Boot, catering for tourists. Another <a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">heritage railway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lakeside_and_Haverthwaite_Railway" title="Lakeside and Haverthwaite Railway">Lakeside and Haverthwaite Railway</a>, runs between Lake Windermere and <a href="/wiki/Haverthwaite" title="Haverthwaite">Haverthwaite</a>, and tourists can connect at Lakeside with the boats up the lake to Bowness. </p><p>A vehicle-carrying <a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">cable ferry</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Windermere_Ferry" title="Windermere Ferry">Windermere Ferry</a>, runs frequent services across Windermere. There are also seasonal passenger boats on Coniston Water, Derwent Water, and Ullswater. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Footpaths_and_bridleways">Footpaths and bridleways</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Footpaths and bridleways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many paths over which the public has a <a href="/wiki/Rights_of_way_in_England_and_Wales" title="Rights of way in England and Wales">right of way</a>, all of which are signposted at their origin on public roads and at some other points.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the area of the National Park in 2012 there were 2,159 km (1,342 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Public_footpath_(England_and_Wales)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public footpath (England and Wales)">public footpaths</a>, 875 km (544 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Public_bridleway_(England_and_Wales)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public bridleway (England and Wales)">public bridleways</a>, 15 km (9 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Restricted_byway" class="mw-redirect" title="Restricted byway">restricted byways</a> and 30 km (19 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Byway_open_to_all_traffic" class="mw-redirect" title="Byway open to all traffic">byways open to all traffic</a>. There is also a general "<a href="/wiki/Countryside_and_Rights_of_Way_Act_2000" title="Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000">right to roam</a>" in open country, which includes approximately 50% of the national park.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of these tracks arose centuries ago and were used either as ridge highways (such as along <a href="/wiki/High_Street_(Lake_District)" title="High Street (Lake District)">High Street</a>) or as <a href="/wiki/List_of_hill_passes_of_the_Lake_District" title="List of hill passes of the Lake District">passes for travelling across the ridges</a> between settlements in the valleys. Historically these paths were not planned for reaching summits, but more recently they are used by fell walkers for that purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-ihc_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ihc-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Coast_to_Coast_Walk" title="Coast to Coast Walk">Coast to Coast Walk</a>, which crosses the north of England from the Irish Sea to the North Sea, traverses the national park from west to east.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bridleways are intended for horse riding and walkers, with cyclists also permitted to use them. Cyclists must give way to all other bridleway users. Motor vehicles are only allowed on "byways open to all traffic" (<a href="/wiki/Green_lane_(road)" title="Green lane (road)">green lanes</a>) but in practice Traffic Regulation Orders have been brought in on several prohibiting motor traffic, although a system of permits operates on <a href="/wiki/Gatescarth_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatescarth Pass">Gatescarth Pass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Land_ownership">Land ownership</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Land ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the land within the national park is in private ownership, with about 55% registered as agricultural land. Landowners include: </p> <ul><li>Individual farmers and other private landowners, with more than half of the agricultural land farmed by the owners.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty" class="mw-redirect" title="National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty">National Trust</a> owns around 25% of the total area (including some lakes and land of significant landscape value).</li> <li>The Forestry Commission and other investors in forests and woodland.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Utilities" title="United Utilities">United Utilities</a> (owns 8%)</li> <li>Lake District National Park Authority (owns 3.9%)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_geography">Physical geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Physical geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lake District is a roughly circular upland <a href="/wiki/Massif" title="Massif">massif</a>, deeply dissected by a broadly <a href="/wiki/Radial_drainage" class="mw-redirect" title="Radial drainage">radial pattern</a> of major valleys which are largely the result of repeated <a href="/wiki/Ice_ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice ages">glaciations</a> over the last 2 million years. The apparent radial pattern is not from a central dome, but from an axial watershed extending from St Bees Head in the west to Shap in the east. Most of these valleys display the U-shaped cross-section characteristic of glacial origin and often contain long narrow lakes in <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a> hollows, with tracts of relatively flat ground at their infilled heads, or where they are divided by lateral tributaries (Buttermere-Crummock Water; Derwent Water-Bassenthwaite Lake).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smaller lakes known as <a href="/wiki/Tarn_(lake)" title="Tarn (lake)">tarns</a> occupy <a href="/wiki/Cirque_(landform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirque (landform)">glacial cirques</a> at higher elevations. It is the abundance of both which has led to the area becoming known as the Lake District. </p><p>Many of the higher <a href="/wiki/Fell" title="Fell">fells</a> are rocky, while <a href="/wiki/Moorland" title="Moorland">moorland</a> predominates lower down. Vegetation cover in better-drained areas includes <a href="/wiki/Bracken" title="Bracken">bracken</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calluna" title="Calluna">heather</a>, although much of the land is <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">boggy</a>, due to the high rainfall. Deciduous native woodland occurs on many of the steeper slopes below the <a href="/wiki/Tree_line" title="Tree line">tree line</a>, but with native oak supplemented by extensive conifer plantations in many areas, particularly <a href="/wiki/Grizedale_Forest" title="Grizedale Forest">Grizedale Forest</a> in the generally lower southern part of the area. The Lake District extends to the sea to the west and south.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highest mountain in England, <a href="/wiki/Scafell_Pike" title="Scafell Pike">Scafell Pike</a> (978 m or 3209 feet), has a far-reaching view on a clear day, ranging from the Galloway Hills of Scotland, the <a href="/wiki/Mourne_Mountains" title="Mourne Mountains">Mourne Mountains</a> in Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, and <a href="/wiki/Snowdonia" title="Snowdonia">Snowdonia</a> in Wales. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:3008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Annotated_Scafel_Pike_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panorama from the summit of Scafell Pike, August 2007"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Annotated_Scafel_Pike_Panorama.jpg/3000px-Annotated_Scafel_Pike_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="3000" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Annotated_Scafel_Pike_Panorama.jpg/4500px-Annotated_Scafel_Pike_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Annotated_Scafel_Pike_Panorama.jpg/6000px-Annotated_Scafel_Pike_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12931" data-file-height="1220" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Annotated_Scafel_Pike_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Annotated Scafel Pike Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>A panorama from the summit of Scafell Pike, August 2007</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wasdale_screes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of the Wasdale screes descending into Wastwater, the deepest lake in England."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Wasdale_screes.jpg/1000px-Wasdale_screes.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Wasdale_screes.jpg/1500px-Wasdale_screes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Wasdale_screes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1990" data-file-height="543" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Wasdale_screes.jpg" title="File:Wasdale screes.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of the Wasdale screes descending into <a href="/wiki/Wastwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Wastwater">Wastwater</a>, the deepest lake in England.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cumbrian_Mountains">Cumbrian Mountains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cumbrian Mountains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scafell_massif.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Scafell_massif.jpg/220px-Scafell_massif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Scafell_massif.jpg/330px-Scafell_massif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Scafell_massif.jpg/440px-Scafell_massif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="776" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Scafell" title="Scafell">Scafell</a> massif, the highest ground in England, seen over <a href="/wiki/Wasdale" title="Wasdale">Wasdale</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lake District is located in the Lake District"><img alt="Lake District is located in the Lake District" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png/300px-Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png/450px-Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png/600px-Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="2430" /></span></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.104%;left:41.759%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Scafell Pike"><img alt="Scafell Pike" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/16px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/24px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/32px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Scafell_Pike" title="Scafell Pike">Scafell Pike</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.933%;left:40.476%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Scafell"><img alt="Scafell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/12px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/18px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/24px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:7px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Scafell" title="Scafell">Scafell</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.933%;left:40.476%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Scafell"><img alt="Scafell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/12px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/18px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/24px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:7px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Scafell" title="Scafell">Scafell</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.4%;left:60.381%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Helvellyn"><img alt="Helvellyn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/12px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/18px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/24px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:7px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Helvellyn" title="Helvellyn">Helvellyn</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.4%;left:48%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-6px;top:-6px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Skiddaw"><img alt="Skiddaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/12px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/18px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/24px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:7px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Skiddaw" title="Skiddaw">Skiddaw</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.067%;left:74.762%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="High Street"><img alt="High Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/9px-Blue_Fire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/14px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/18px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:6px"><div><a href="/wiki/High_Street_(Lake_District)" title="High Street (Lake District)">High Street</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.533%;left:35.333%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Grasmoor"><img alt="Grasmoor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/9px-Blue_Fire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/14px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/18px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:6px"><div><a href="/wiki/Grasmoor" title="Grasmoor">Grasmoor</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.333%;left:50.571%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Coniston Old Man"><img alt="Coniston Old Man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/9px-Blue_Fire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/14px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/18px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:6px"><div><a href="/wiki/Coniston_Old_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Coniston Old Man">Coniston Old Man</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.4%;left:41.048%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Great Gable"><img alt="Great Gable" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/9px-Blue_Fire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/14px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Blue_Fire.svg/18px-Blue_Fire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:6px"><div><a href="/wiki/Great_Gable" title="Great Gable">Great Gable</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.2%;left:86.19%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kendal"><img alt="Kendal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/6px-Location_dot_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/9px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/12px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span style="color:green;">Kendal</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.027%;left:85.257%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Penrith"><img alt="Penrith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/6px-Location_dot_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/9px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/12px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span style="color:green;">Penrith</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:28%;left:48.571%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Keswick"><img alt="Keswick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/6px-Location_dot_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/9px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/12px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span style="color:green;">Keswick</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.987%;left:65.467%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ambleside"><img alt="Ambleside" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/6px-Location_dot_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/9px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/12px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span style="color:green;">Ambleside</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.493%;left:27.429%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cockermouth"><img alt="Cockermouth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/6px-Location_dot_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/9px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/12px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><span style="color:green;">Cockermouth</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.533%;left:70.762%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Windermere"><img alt="Windermere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/6px-Location_dot_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/9px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/12px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span style="color:green;">Windermere</span></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.588%;left:59.563%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Grasmere"><img alt="Grasmere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/6px-Location_dot_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/9px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Location_dot_green.svg/12px-Location_dot_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><span style="color:green;">Grasmere</span></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png" title="File:Lake District National Park UK relief location map.png">class=notpageimage| </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Major fells and towns shown within the <a href="/wiki/Lake_District_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake District National Park">National Park</a></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_fells_in_the_Lake_District" title="List of fells in the Lake District">list of fells in the Lake District</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_hills_in_the_Lake_District" title="List of hills in the Lake District">list of hills in the Lake District</a></div> <p>The mountains (or '<a href="/wiki/Fells" class="mw-redirect" title="Fells">fells</a>') of the Lake District are known as the "Cumbrian Mountains", "Cumbrian Fells" or "Lakeland Fells". The four highest fells exceed 3,000 feet (914 m). These are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scafell_Pike" title="Scafell Pike">Scafell Pike</a>, 978 m (3,209 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scafell" title="Scafell">Scafell</a>, 965 m (3,166 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvellyn" title="Helvellyn">Helvellyn</a>, 951 m (3,120 ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiddaw" title="Skiddaw">Skiddaw</a>, 931 m (3,054 ft)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northern_Fells">Northern Fells</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Northern Fells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Fells" title="Northern Fells">Northern Fells</a> are a clearly defined range of hills contained within a 13 km (8 mi) diameter circle between <a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a> in the southwest and <a href="/wiki/Caldbeck" title="Caldbeck">Caldbeck</a> in the northeast. They culminate in the 931 m (3,054 ft) peak of <a href="/wiki/Skiddaw" title="Skiddaw">Skiddaw</a>. Other notable peaks are <a href="/wiki/Blencathra" title="Blencathra">Blencathra</a> (also known as Saddleback) (868 m (2,848 ft)) and <a href="/wiki/Carrock_Fell" title="Carrock Fell">Carrock Fell</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bassenthwaite_Lake" title="Bassenthwaite Lake">Bassenthwaite Lake</a> occupies the valley between this massif and the North Western Fells. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_Western_Fells">North Western Fells</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: North Western Fells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/North_Western_Fells" title="North Western Fells">North Western Fells</a> lie between <a href="/wiki/Borrowdale" title="Borrowdale">Borrowdale</a> and Bassenthwaite Lake to the east and Buttermere and Lorton Vale to the west. Their southernmost point is at <a href="/wiki/Honister_Pass" title="Honister Pass">Honister Pass</a>. This area includes the Derwent Fells above the <a href="/wiki/Newlands_Valley" title="Newlands Valley">Newlands Valley</a> and hills to the north amongst which are <a href="/wiki/Dale_Head" title="Dale Head">Dale Head</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robinson_(Lake_District)" title="Robinson (Lake District)">Robinson</a>. To the north stand <a href="/wiki/Grasmoor" title="Grasmoor">Grasmoor</a>, highest in the range at 852 m (2,795 ft), <a href="/wiki/Grisedale_Pike" title="Grisedale Pike">Grisedale Pike</a> and the hills around the valley of <a href="/wiki/Coledale_(Cumbria)" title="Coledale (Cumbria)">Coledale</a>, and in the far northwest is Thornthwaite Forest and <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Seat" title="Lord's Seat">Lord's Seat</a>. The fells in this area are rounded <a href="/wiki/Skiddaw_slate" class="mw-redirect" title="Skiddaw slate">Skiddaw slate</a>, with few tarns and relatively few rock faces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Western_Fells">Western Fells</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Western Fells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westmorland_cairn_Great_Gable.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Westmorland_cairn_Great_Gable.jpg/220px-Westmorland_cairn_Great_Gable.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Westmorland_cairn_Great_Gable.jpg/330px-Westmorland_cairn_Great_Gable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Westmorland_cairn_Great_Gable.jpg/440px-Westmorland_cairn_Great_Gable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="997" /></a><figcaption>The view towards <a href="/wiki/Wast_Water" title="Wast Water">Wast Water</a> from the cairn built by the Westmorland brothers in 1876 to the SW of the summit of <a href="/wiki/Great_Gable" title="Great Gable">Great Gable</a>, which they considered the finest view in the district.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Western_Fells" title="Western Fells">Western Fells</a> lie between Buttermere and <a href="/wiki/Wasdale" title="Wasdale">Wasdale</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Sty_Head" title="Sty Head">Sty Head</a> forming the apex of a large triangle. <a href="/wiki/Ennerdale_Water" title="Ennerdale Water">Ennerdale</a> bisects the area, which consists of the <a href="/wiki/High_Stile" title="High Stile">High Stile</a> ridge north of Ennerdale, the <a href="/wiki/Loweswater_Fells" class="mw-redirect" title="Loweswater Fells">Loweswater Fells</a> in the far northwest, the <a href="/wiki/Pillar_(Lake_District)" title="Pillar (Lake District)">Pillar</a> group in the southwest, and <a href="/wiki/Great_Gable" title="Great Gable">Great Gable</a> (899 m (2,949 ft)) near Sty Head. Other tops include <a href="/wiki/Seatallan" title="Seatallan">Seatallan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haystacks_(Lake_District)" title="Haystacks (Lake District)">Haystacks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Fell" title="Kirk Fell">Kirk Fell</a>. This area is craggy and steep, with the impressive pinnacle of Pillar Rock its showpiece. <a href="/wiki/Wastwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Wastwater">Wastwater</a>, located in this part, is England's deepest lake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Central_Fells">Central Fells</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Central Fells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Central_Fells" title="Central Fells">Central Fells</a> are lower in elevation than surrounding areas of fell, peaking at 762 m (2,500 ft) at <a href="/wiki/High_Raise,_Langdale" class="mw-redirect" title="High Raise, Langdale">High Raise</a>. They take the form of a ridge running between <a href="/wiki/Derwent_Water" class="mw-redirect" title="Derwent Water">Derwent Water</a> in the west and <a href="/wiki/Thirlmere" title="Thirlmere">Thirlmere</a> in the east, from <a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a> in the north to <a href="/wiki/Langdale_Pikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Langdale Pikes">Langdale Pikes</a> in the south. A spur extends southeast to <a href="/wiki/Loughrigg_Fell" title="Loughrigg Fell">Loughrigg Fell</a> above Ambleside. The central ridge running north over <a href="/wiki/High_Seat,_Lake_District" class="mw-redirect" title="High Seat, Lake District">High Seat</a> is exceptionally boggy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastern_Fells">Eastern Fells</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Eastern Fells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenridding,_Cumbria,_England_-_June_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Glenridding%2C_Cumbria%2C_England_-_June_2009.jpg/220px-Glenridding%2C_Cumbria%2C_England_-_June_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Glenridding%2C_Cumbria%2C_England_-_June_2009.jpg/330px-Glenridding%2C_Cumbria%2C_England_-_June_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Glenridding%2C_Cumbria%2C_England_-_June_2009.jpg/440px-Glenridding%2C_Cumbria%2C_England_-_June_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3947" data-file-height="1941" /></a><figcaption>The village of <a href="/wiki/Glenridding" title="Glenridding">Glenridding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ullswater" title="Ullswater">Ullswater</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Fells" title="Eastern Fells">Eastern Fells</a> consist of a long north-to-south <a href="/wiki/Ridge" title="Ridge">ridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Helvellyn_range" title="Helvellyn range">Helvellyn range</a>, running from <a href="/wiki/Clough_Head" title="Clough Head">Clough Head</a> to <a href="/wiki/Seat_Sandal" title="Seat Sandal">Seat Sandal</a> with the 950 m (3,118 ft) <a href="/wiki/Helvellyn" title="Helvellyn">Helvellyn</a> at its highest point. The western slopes of these summits tend to be grassy, with rocky <a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">corries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">crags</a> on the eastern side. The <a href="/wiki/Fairfield_(Lake_District)" title="Fairfield (Lake District)">Fairfield</a> group lies to the south of the range and forms a similar pattern with towering rock faces and hidden valleys spilling into the <a href="/wiki/Patterdale" title="Patterdale">Patterdale</a> valley. It culminates in the height of <a href="/wiki/Red_Screes" title="Red Screes">Red Screes</a> overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Kirkstone_Pass" title="Kirkstone Pass">Kirkstone Pass</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Far_Eastern_Fells">Far Eastern Fells</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Far Eastern Fells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg/220px-Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg/330px-Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg/440px-Haweswater_from_Harter_Fell_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1110" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Haweswater_Reservoir" title="Haweswater Reservoir">Haweswater Reservoir</a> from <a href="/wiki/Harter_Fell_(Mardale)" title="Harter Fell (Mardale)">Harter Fell</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Fells" title="Far Eastern Fells">Far Eastern Fells</a> refers to all of the Lakeland fells to the east of Ullswater and the A592 road running south to Windermere. At 828 m (2,717 ft), the peak known as <a href="/wiki/High_Street_(Lake_District)" title="High Street (Lake District)">High Street</a> is the highest point on a complex ridge that runs broadly north-south and overlooks the hidden valley of <a href="/wiki/Haweswater_Reservoir" title="Haweswater Reservoir">Haweswater</a> to its east. In the north of this region are the lower fells of Martindale Common and Bampton Common whilst in the south are the fells overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Kentmere" title="Kentmere">Kentmere</a> valley. Further to the east, beyond <a href="/wiki/Mardale" title="Mardale">Mardale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Longsleddale" title="Longsleddale">Longsleddale</a> is <a href="/wiki/Shap" title="Shap">Shap</a> Fell, an extensive area consisting of high <a href="/wiki/Moorland" title="Moorland">moorland</a>, more rolling and <a href="/wiki/Pennines" title="Pennines">Pennine</a> in nature than the mountains to the west. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southern_Fells">Southern Fells</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Southern Fells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coniston_Water_from_Holme_Fell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coniston_Water_from_Holme_Fell.jpg/220px-Coniston_Water_from_Holme_Fell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coniston_Water_from_Holme_Fell.jpg/330px-Coniston_Water_from_Holme_Fell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Coniston_Water_from_Holme_Fell.jpg/440px-Coniston_Water_from_Holme_Fell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1221" data-file-height="951" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coniston_Water" title="Coniston Water">Coniston Water</a> from <a href="/wiki/Holme_Fell" title="Holme Fell">Holme Fell</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Fells" title="Southern Fells">Southern Fells</a> occupy the southwestern quarter of the Lake District. They can be regarded as comprising a northern grouping between Wasdale, Eskdale, and the two Langdale valleys, a southeastern group east of Dunnerdale and south of Little Langdale, and a southwestern group bounded by Eskdale to the north and Dunnerdale to the east. </p><p>The first group includes England's highest mountains: <a href="/wiki/Scafell_Pike" title="Scafell Pike">Scafell Pike</a> in the centre, at 978 m (3,209 ft) and <a href="/wiki/Scafell" title="Scafell">Scafell</a> one mile (1.6 km) to the southwest. Though it is slightly lower, Scafell has a 700 ft (210 m) rockface, Scafell Crag, on its northern side. This group also includes the <a href="/wiki/Wastwater_Screes" class="mw-redirect" title="Wastwater Screes">Wastwater Screes</a> overlooking Wasdale, the <a href="/wiki/Glaramara" title="Glaramara">Glaramara</a> ridge overlooking Borrowdale, the three tops of <a href="/wiki/Crinkle_Crags" title="Crinkle Crags">Crinkle Crags</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowfell" title="Bowfell">Bowfell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esk_Pike" title="Esk Pike">Esk Pike</a>. The core of the area is drained by the infant <a href="/wiki/River_Esk_(Ravenglass)" title="River Esk (Ravenglass)">River Esk</a>. Collectively these are some of the Lake District's most rugged hillsides. </p><p>The second group, otherwise known as the <a href="/wiki/Furness_Fells" title="Furness Fells">Furness Fells</a> or Coniston Fells, have as their northern boundary the steep and narrow <a href="/wiki/Hardknott_Pass" title="Hardknott Pass">Hardknott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wrynose_Pass" title="Wrynose Pass">Wrynose</a> passes. The highest are <a href="/wiki/Old_Man_of_Coniston" title="Old Man of Coniston">Old Man of Coniston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swirl_How" title="Swirl How">Swirl How</a> which slightly exceed 800 m (2,600 ft). </p><p>The third group to the west of the Duddon includes <a href="/wiki/Harter_Fell,_Eskdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Harter Fell, Eskdale">Harter Fell</a> and the long ridge leading over <a href="/wiki/Whitfell" title="Whitfell">Whitfell</a> to <a href="/wiki/Black_Combe" title="Black Combe">Black Combe</a> and the sea. The south of this region consists of lower forests and knolls, with <a href="/wiki/Kirkby_Moor" title="Kirkby Moor">Kirkby Moor</a> on the southern boundary. The southwestern Lake District ends near the <a href="/wiki/Furness" title="Furness">Furness</a> peninsula and Barrow-in-Furness, a town which many Lake District residents rely on for basic amenities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southeastern_area">Southeastern area</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Southeastern area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The southeastern area is the territory between <a href="/wiki/Coniston_Water" title="Coniston Water">Coniston Water</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a> and east of Windermere towards Kendal and south to Lindale. There are no high summits in this area which are mainly low hills, knolls and limestone <a href="/wiki/Cuesta" title="Cuesta">cuestas</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gummer%27s_How" title="Gummer's How">Gummer's How</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whitbarrow" title="Whitbarrow">Whitbarrow</a>. Indeed, it rises only as high as 333 m (1,093 ft) at <a href="/wiki/Top_o%27_Selside" class="mw-redirect" title="Top o' Selside">Top o' Selside</a> east of Coniston Water; the wide expanse of <a href="/wiki/Grizedale_Forest" title="Grizedale Forest">Grizedale Forest</a> stands between the two lakes. <a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morecambe_Bay" title="Morecambe Bay">Morecambe Bay</a> stand at the eastern and southern edges of the area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valleys">Valleys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Valleys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Tongue_Valley_(looking_from_Dollywaggon_Pike),_near_Troutbeck,_Cumbria,_at_the_Lake_District_National_Park,_United_Kingdom,_Europe_(November_2008).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Tongue_Valley_%28looking_from_Dollywaggon_Pike%29%2C_near_Troutbeck%2C_Cumbria%2C_at_the_Lake_District_National_Park%2C_United_Kingdom%2C_Europe_%28November_2008%29.jpg/220px-The_Tongue_Valley_%28looking_from_Dollywaggon_Pike%29%2C_near_Troutbeck%2C_Cumbria%2C_at_the_Lake_District_National_Park%2C_United_Kingdom%2C_Europe_%28November_2008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Tongue_Valley_%28looking_from_Dollywaggon_Pike%29%2C_near_Troutbeck%2C_Cumbria%2C_at_the_Lake_District_National_Park%2C_United_Kingdom%2C_Europe_%28November_2008%29.jpg/330px-The_Tongue_Valley_%28looking_from_Dollywaggon_Pike%29%2C_near_Troutbeck%2C_Cumbria%2C_at_the_Lake_District_National_Park%2C_United_Kingdom%2C_Europe_%28November_2008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Tongue_Valley_%28looking_from_Dollywaggon_Pike%29%2C_near_Troutbeck%2C_Cumbria%2C_at_the_Lake_District_National_Park%2C_United_Kingdom%2C_Europe_%28November_2008%29.jpg/440px-The_Tongue_Valley_%28looking_from_Dollywaggon_Pike%29%2C_near_Troutbeck%2C_Cumbria%2C_at_the_Lake_District_National_Park%2C_United_Kingdom%2C_Europe_%28November_2008%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The Tongue Valley (looking from <i>Dollywaggon Pike</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The main radial valleys are (clockwise from the south) <a href="/wiki/Dunnerdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunnerdale">Dunnerdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eskdale,_Cumbria" title="Eskdale, Cumbria">Eskdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wasdale" title="Wasdale">Wasdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ennerdale_Water" title="Ennerdale Water">Ennerdale</a>, the Vale of Lorton, and Buttermere valley, the <a href="/wiki/River_Derwent,_Cumbria" title="River Derwent, Cumbria">Derwent Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borrowdale" title="Borrowdale">Borrowdale</a>, the Ullswater valley, Haweswater valley, <a href="/wiki/Longsleddale" title="Longsleddale">Longsleddale</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kentmere" title="Kentmere">Kentmere</a> valley, those converging on the head of Windermere - Grasmere, <a href="/wiki/Great_Langdale" title="Great Langdale">Great Langdale</a> and Little Langdale, and the Coniston Water valley. The valleys break the mountains up into blocks, which have been described by various authors in different ways. The most frequently encountered approach is that made popular by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Wainwright" title="Alfred Wainwright">Alfred Wainwright</a> who published seven separate area guides to the Lakeland Fells. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lakes">Lakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Lakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1208px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Derwent_Water,_Keswick_-_June_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Derwent Water, one of 21 large water bodies in the Lake District"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Derwent_Water%2C_Keswick_-_June_2009.jpg/1200px-Derwent_Water%2C_Keswick_-_June_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="1200" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Derwent_Water%2C_Keswick_-_June_2009.jpg/1800px-Derwent_Water%2C_Keswick_-_June_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Derwent_Water%2C_Keswick_-_June_2009.jpg/2400px-Derwent_Water%2C_Keswick_-_June_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7649" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Derwent_Water,_Keswick_-_June_2009.jpg" title="File:Derwent Water, Keswick - June 2009.jpg"> </a></div>Derwent Water, one of 21 large water bodies in the Lake District</div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_the_Lake_District" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in the Lake District">List of lakes in the Lake District</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lake District is located in the Lake District"><img alt="Lake District is located in the Lake District" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png/300px-Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png/450px-Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png/600px-Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="2430" /></span></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:20%;left:41.27%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bassenthwaite"><img alt="Bassenthwaite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Bassenthwaite_Lake" title="Bassenthwaite Lake">Bassenthwaite</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.259%;left:69.048%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brotherswater"><img alt="Brotherswater" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Water" title="Brothers Water">Brotherswater</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.556%;left:36.508%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Butter- mere"><img alt="Butter- mere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Buttermere" title="Buttermere">Butter-<br />mere</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:62%;left:54.286%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Coniston"><img alt="Coniston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Coniston_Water" title="Coniston Water">Coniston</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:32%;left:32.571%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Crummock"><img alt="Crummock" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Crummock_Water" title="Crummock Water">Crummock</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.133%;left:48.095%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Derwent Water"><img alt="Derwent Water" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Derwent_Water" class="mw-redirect" title="Derwent Water">Derwent<br />Water</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.671%;left:59.44%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Elterwater"><img alt="Elterwater" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Elter_Water" title="Elter Water">Elterwater</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.333%;left:26.085%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ennerdale"><img alt="Ennerdale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Ennerdale_Water" title="Ennerdale Water">Ennerdale</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.8%;left:62.857%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Esthwaite"><img alt="Esthwaite" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Esthwaite_Water" title="Esthwaite Water">Esthwaite</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.822%;left:59.915%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Grasmere"><img alt="Grasmere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Grasmere_(lake)" title="Grasmere (lake)">Grasmere</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.481%;left:80.503%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hawes- water"><img alt="Hawes- water" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Haweswater_Reservoir" title="Haweswater Reservoir">Hawes-<br />water</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29%;left:28.069%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Loweswater"><img alt="Loweswater" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Loweswater" title="Loweswater">Loweswater</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.074%;left:62.249%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rydal Water"><img alt="Rydal Water" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Rydal_Water" title="Rydal Water">Rydal Water</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.556%;left:55.556%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Thirlmere"><img alt="Thirlmere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Thirlmere" title="Thirlmere">Thirlmere</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.667%;left:73.8%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ullswater"><img alt="Ullswater" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Ullswater" title="Ullswater">Ullswater</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.778%;left:34.127%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wastwater"><img alt="Wastwater" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Wastwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Wastwater">Wastwater</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.667%;left:67.238%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Windermere"><img alt="Windermere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/7px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/11px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/14px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_District_National_Park_UK_relief_location_map.png" title="File:Lake District National Park UK relief location map.png">class=notpageimage| </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Major lakes shown within the <a href="/wiki/Lake_District_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake District National Park">National Park</a></div></div></div></div> <p>Only one of the lakes in the Lake District is called by that name, <a href="/wiki/Bassenthwaite_Lake" title="Bassenthwaite Lake">Bassenthwaite Lake</a>. All the others such as <a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coniston_Water" title="Coniston Water">Coniston Water</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ullswater" title="Ullswater">Ullswater</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buttermere" title="Buttermere">Buttermere</a> are meres, <a href="/wiki/Tarn_(lake)" title="Tarn (lake)">tarns</a> and waters, with <i><a href="/wiki/Mere_(lake)" title="Mere (lake)">mere</a></i> being the least common and <i>water</i> being the most common. The major lakes and reservoirs in the National Park are given below. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassenthwaite_Lake" title="Bassenthwaite Lake">Bassenthwaite Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherswater" class="mw-redirect" title="Brotherswater">Brotherswater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttermere" title="Buttermere">Buttermere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coniston_Water" title="Coniston Water">Coniston Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crummock_Water" title="Crummock Water">Crummock Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwent_Water" class="mw-redirect" title="Derwent Water">Derwent Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devoke_Water" title="Devoke Water">Devoke Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elter_Water" title="Elter Water">Elter Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennerdale_Water" title="Ennerdale Water">Ennerdale Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esthwaite_Water" title="Esthwaite Water">Esthwaite Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasmere_(lake)" title="Grasmere (lake)">Grasmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haweswater_Reservoir" title="Haweswater Reservoir">Haweswater Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayeswater" title="Hayeswater">Hayeswater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loweswater" title="Loweswater">Loweswater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rydal_Water" title="Rydal Water">Rydal Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirlmere" title="Thirlmere">Thirlmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullswater" title="Ullswater">Ullswater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wast_Water" title="Wast Water">Wast Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Woodlands">Woodlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Woodlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below the <a href="/wiki/Tree_line" title="Tree line">tree line</a> are wooded areas, including British and European native <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> woodlands and introduced softwood plantations. The woodlands provide habitats for native English wildlife. The native <a href="/wiki/Red_squirrel" title="Red squirrel">red squirrel</a> is found in the Lake District and a few other parts of England. In parts of the Lake District, the rainfall is higher than in any other part of England. This gives <a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a> <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">mosses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Liverwort" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverwort">liverworts</a> the chance to grow. There is some <a href="/wiki/Ancient_woodland" title="Ancient woodland">ancient woodland</a> in the National Park. Management of the woodlands varies: some are <a href="/wiki/Coppice" class="mw-redirect" title="Coppice">coppiced</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Pollarding" title="Pollarding">pollarded</a>, some left to grow naturally, and some provide grazing and shelter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coast">Coast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lake District extends to the coast of the Irish Sea from <a href="/wiki/Drigg" title="Drigg">Drigg</a> in the north to <a href="/wiki/Silecroft" title="Silecroft">Silecroft</a> in the south, encompassing the <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuaries</a> of the <a href="/wiki/River_Esk_(Ravenglass)" title="River Esk (Ravenglass)">Esk</a> and its tributaries, the <a href="/wiki/River_Irt" title="River Irt">Irt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/River_Mite" title="River Mite">Mite</a>. The intertidal zone of the combined estuaries includes sand, shingle and mudflats, and <a href="/wiki/Saltmarsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltmarsh">saltmarsh</a>. The dune systems on either side of the estuary are protected as nature reserves; Drigg Dunes and Gullery<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the north and Eskmeals Dunes<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the south. South of the estuary, the coast is formed in low cliffs of glacial <a href="/wiki/Till" title="Till">till</a>, sands, and gravels.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The district also extends to the tidal waters of <a href="/wiki/Morecambe_Bay" title="Morecambe Bay">Morecambe Bay</a> and several of its estuaries alongside the <a href="/wiki/Furness_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Furness Peninsula">Furness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cartmel_Peninsula" title="Cartmel Peninsula">Cartmel Peninsulas</a>, designated on M6 motorway signposts as the "Lake District Peninsulas", and the southern portions of which lie outside the park. These are the <a href="/wiki/Duddon_Estuary" title="Duddon Estuary">Duddon Estuary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/River_Leven,_Cumbria" title="River Leven, Cumbria">Leven Estuary</a>, and the western banks and tidal flats of the <a href="/wiki/River_Kent#Lower_river" title="River Kent">Kent Estuary</a>. These areas are each characterised by sand and mudflats of scenic and wildlife interest. The coast is backed by extensive flats of raised marine deposits left when the relative sea level was higher. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Lake_District" title="Geology of the Lake District">Geology of the Lake District</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_District_Geology_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lake_District_Geology_Map.svg/220px-Lake_District_Geology_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lake_District_Geology_Map.svg/330px-Lake_District_Geology_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lake_District_Geology_Map.svg/440px-Lake_District_Geology_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Geological map of the Lake District showing the main structures and areas of mineralisation</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skiddaw_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Skiddaw_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Skiddaw_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Skiddaw_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Skiddaw_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Skiddaw_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Skiddaw_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3236" data-file-height="2428" /></a><figcaption>Skiddaw seen from Derwentwater</figcaption></figure> <p>The Lake District's geology is very complex but well-studied.<sup id="cite_ref-Gannon,_Rock_Trails_Lakeland_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gannon,_Rock_Trails_Lakeland-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> <a href="/wiki/Batholith" title="Batholith">batholith</a> beneath the area is responsible for this upland massif, its relatively low density causing the area to be "buoyed up". The granite can be seen at the surface as the Ennerdale, Skiddaw, Carrock Fell, Eskdale, and Shap granites. </p><p>Broadly speaking the area can be divided into three bands, divisions which run southwest to the northeast. Generally speaking, the rocks become younger from the northwest to the southeast. The northwestern band is composed of early to mid-<a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician</a> <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary rocks</a>, largely <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siltstone" title="Siltstone">siltstones</a> of marine origin. Together they comprise the <a href="/wiki/Skiddaw_Group" title="Skiddaw Group">Skiddaw Group</a> and include the rocks traditionally known as the <a href="/wiki/Skiddaw_Slate" title="Skiddaw Slate">Skiddaw Slates</a>. Their <a href="/wiki/Friability" title="Friability">friability</a> generally leads to mountains with relatively smooth slopes such as Skiddaw itself. </p><p>The central band is a mix of <a href="/wiki/Volcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic">volcanic</a> and sedimentary rocks of mid-to-late Ordovician age comprising the <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lavas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">tuffs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Borrowdale_Volcanic_Group" title="Borrowdale Volcanic Group">Borrowdale Volcanic Group</a>, erupted as the former <a href="/wiki/Iapetus_Ocean" title="Iapetus Ocean">Iapetus Ocean</a> was <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subducted</a> beneath what is now the Scottish border during the <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_orogeny" title="Caledonian orogeny">Caledonian orogeny</a>. The northern central peaks, such as Great Rigg, were produced by considerable lava flows. These lava eruptions were followed by a series of <a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_flow" title="Pyroclastic flow">pyroclastic</a> eruptions which produced a series of calderas, one of which includes present-day Scafell Pike. These pyroclastic rocks give rise to the craggy landscapes typical of the central fells.<sup id="cite_ref-Gannon,_Rock_Trails_Lakeland_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gannon,_Rock_Trails_Lakeland-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The southeastern band comprises the mudstones and <a href="/wiki/Wacke" class="mw-redirect" title="Wacke">wackes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Windermere_Supergroup" title="Windermere Supergroup">Windermere Supergroup</a> and which includes (successively) the rocks of the Dent, Stockdale, Tranearth, Coniston, and Kendal groups. These are generally a little less resistant to erosion than the sequence of the rock to the north and underlie much of the lower landscapes around Coniston and Windermere.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Later <a href="/wiki/Intrusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrusion">intrusions</a> have formed individual outcrops of <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rock</a> in each of these groups. Around the edges of these Ordovician and Silurian rocks on the northern, eastern, and southern fringes of the area is a semi-continuous outcrop of <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous_Limestone" title="Carboniferous Limestone">Carboniferous Limestone</a> seen most spectacularly at places like <a href="/wiki/Whitbarrow_Scar" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitbarrow Scar">Whitbarrow Scar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scout_Scar" title="Scout Scar">Scout Scar</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lake District's location on the northwest coast of England, coupled with its mountainous geography, makes it the wettest part of England. The UK <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a> reports average annual <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> of more than 2,000 mm (80 in), but with considerable local variation. </p><p>Although the entire region receives above-average rainfall, there is a wide disparity between the amounts of rainfall in the western and eastern lakes, as the Lake District experiences <a href="/wiki/Relief_rainfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Relief rainfall">relief rainfall</a>. <a href="/wiki/Seathwaite,_Allerdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Seathwaite, Allerdale">Seathwaite, Borrowdale</a> is the wettest inhabited place in England with an average of 3,300 mm (130 in) of rain a year,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while nearby <a href="/wiki/Sprinkling_Tarn" title="Sprinkling Tarn">Sprinkling Tarn</a> is even wetter, recording over 5,000 mm (200 in) per year;<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by contrast, Keswick, at the lower end of <a href="/wiki/Borrowdale" title="Borrowdale">Borrowdale</a>, receives 1,470 mm (58 in) every year, and <a href="/wiki/Penrith,_Cumbria" title="Penrith, Cumbria">Penrith</a> (just outside the Lake District) only 870 mm (34 in). March to June tend to be the driest months, with October to January the wettest, but at low levels, there is relatively little difference between months.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although there are <a href="/wiki/Gale" title="Gale">gales</a> in the sheltered valleys on only five days a year on average, the Lake District is generally very windy: the coastal areas have 20 days of gales, and the fell tops around 100 days of gales per year. The maritime climate means that the Lake District has relatively moderate temperature variations throughout the year. The mean temperature in the valleys ranges from about 3 °C (37 °F) in January to around 15 °C (59 °F) in July. (By comparison, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, at the same latitude, ranges from −10 to 19 °C (14 to 66 °F).) </p><p>The relatively low height of most of the fells means that, while snow is expected during the winter, they can be free of snow at any time of the year. Normally, significant snowfall only occurs between November and April. On average, snow falls on <a href="/wiki/Helvellyn" title="Helvellyn">Helvellyn</a> 67 days per year. Snow typically falls on 20 days of the year in the valleys, with a further 200 days with some rain, and 145 completely dry days. Hill fog is common at any time of year, and the fells average only around 2.5 hours of sunshine per day, increasing to around 4.1 hours per day on the coastal plains. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Keswick, Lake District (1991–2020 averages) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #00FC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.5<br />(6.79) </td> <td style="background: #21FF21; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.4<br />(5.33) </td> <td style="background: #53FF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.9<br />(4.52) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.8<br />(3.26) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.6<br />(3.21) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.9<br />(3.54) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.9<br />(3.74) </td> <td style="background: #4BFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.2<br />(4.73) </td> <td style="background: #3FFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.4<br />(4.90) </td> <td style="background: #00F900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.0<br />(6.89) </td> <td style="background: #00DB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">188.6<br />(7.43) </td> <td style="background: #00DB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.2<br />(7.69) </td> <td style="background: #37FF37; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,575.4<br />(62.03) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.8 </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.1 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.2 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.0 </td> <td style="background: #1616FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.2 </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.8 </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">178 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/UK_Met_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Met Office">UK Met Office</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wildlife">Wildlife</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Wildlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_squirrels_warning_signs,_Lake_District.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Red_squirrels_warning_signs%2C_Lake_District.jpg/220px-Red_squirrels_warning_signs%2C_Lake_District.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Red_squirrels_warning_signs%2C_Lake_District.jpg/330px-Red_squirrels_warning_signs%2C_Lake_District.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Red_squirrels_warning_signs%2C_Lake_District.jpg/440px-Red_squirrels_warning_signs%2C_Lake_District.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Road warning signals for <a href="/wiki/Red_squirrels" class="mw-redirect" title="Red squirrels">red squirrels</a>; the Lake District is one of the few places in England where red squirrels have a sizeable population.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fell_pony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Fell_pony.jpg/170px-Fell_pony.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Fell_pony.jpg/255px-Fell_pony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Fell_pony.jpg/340px-Fell_pony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Fell_pony" title="Fell pony">Fell pony</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Fells" class="mw-redirect" title="Fells">fells</a>, native to <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Lake District is home to a great variety of wildlife, because of its varied topography, lakes, and forests. It provides a home for the <a href="/wiki/Red_squirrel" title="Red squirrel">red squirrel</a> and colonies of <a href="/wiki/Sundew" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundew">sundew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Butterwort" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterwort">butterwort</a>, two of the few <a href="/wiki/Carnivorous_plant" title="Carnivorous plant">carnivorous plants</a> native to Britain. The Lake District is a major sanctuary for the red squirrel and has the largest population in England (out of the estimated 140,000 red squirrels in the United Kingdom, compared with about 2.5 million <a href="/wiki/Eastern_gray_squirrel" title="Eastern gray squirrel">grey squirrels</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lake District is home to a range of bird species,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_for_the_Protection_of_Birds" title="Royal Society for the Protection of Birds">RSPB</a> maintain a reserve in Haweswater.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> England's last nesting pair of <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagles</a> was found in the Lake District; the female was last seen in 2004<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the male was last seen in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following recolonisation attempts, a pair of <a href="/wiki/Osprey" title="Osprey">ospreys</a> nested in the Lake District for the first time in over 150 years near <a href="/wiki/Bassenthwaite_Lake" title="Bassenthwaite Lake">Bassenthwaite Lake</a> during 2001. Ospreys now frequently migrate north from Africa in the spring to nest in the Lake District, and a total of 23 chicks have fledged in the area since 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another raptor that has had recolonisation attempts is the <a href="/wiki/Red_kite" title="Red kite">red kite</a> which, as of 2012, has a population of approximately 90 in the dense forest areas near <a href="/wiki/Grizedale_Forest" title="Grizedale Forest">Grizedale</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and successfully bred in 2014, the first breeding success in Cumbria in over 200 years.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conservationists hope the reintroduction will create a large population in the Lake District and in <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a> where red kite numbers are low.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other bird species resident to the Lake District include the <a href="/wiki/Common_buzzard" title="Common buzzard">buzzard</a>, <a href="/wiki/White-throated_dipper" title="White-throated dipper">dipper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">peregrine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_raven" title="Common raven">common raven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seasonal birds include the <a href="/wiki/Ring_ouzel" title="Ring ouzel">ring ouzel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Common_redstart" title="Common redstart">common redstart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lakes of the Lake District support three rare and endangered species of fish. The <a href="/wiki/Coregonus_vandesius" title="Coregonus vandesius">vendace</a> is found only in Derwent Water and, until 2008, Bassenthwaite Lake.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vendace have struggled in recent years with naturally occurring algae becoming a threat and the lakes gradually getting warmer.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vendace have been moved to higher lakes on a number of occasions to preserve the species, notably in 2005 and 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lakes are also home to two other rare species: the <a href="/wiki/Schelly" title="Schelly">schelly</a>, which lives in Brothers Water, Haweswater, Red Tarn and Ullswater, and the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_char" title="Arctic char">Arctic charr</a>, which can be found in Buttermere, Coniston Water, Crummock Water, Ennerdale Water, Haweswater, Loweswater, Thirlmere, Wast Water, and Windermere. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CoregonusVandesius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/CoregonusVandesius.jpg/220px-CoregonusVandesius.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/CoregonusVandesius.jpg/330px-CoregonusVandesius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/CoregonusVandesius.jpg/440px-CoregonusVandesius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>The vendace (<i><a href="/wiki/Coregonus_vandesius" title="Coregonus vandesius">Coregonus vandesius</a></i>) is England's rarest species of fish, and is found only in the Lake District.</figcaption></figure> <p>In recent years, important changes have been made to fisheries byelaws covering the northwest region of England, to help protect some of the rarest fish species. In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Environment_Agency" title="Environment Agency">Environment Agency</a> introduced a new fisheries byelaw, banning the use of all freshwater fish as live or dead bait in 14 of the lakes in the Lake District: Bassenthwaite Lake, Brothers Water, Buttermere, Coniston Water, Crummock Water, Derwent Water, Ennerdale Water, Haweswater, Loweswater, Red Tarn, Thirlmere, Ullswater, Wast Water, and Windermere. Anglers not complying with the new byelaw can face fines of up to £2,500. </p><p>The lakes and waters of the Lake District do not naturally support as many species of fish as other similar habitats in the south of the country and elsewhere in Europe. Some fish that do thrive there are particularly at risk from the introduction of new species. The introduction of non-native fish can lead to the predation of the native fish fauna or competition for food. There is also the risk of disease being introduced, which can further threaten native populations. In some cases, the introduced species can disturb the environment so much that it becomes unsuitable for particular fish. For example, a major problem has been found with <a href="/wiki/Ruffe" title="Ruffe">ruffe</a>. This non-native fish has now been introduced into several lakes in recent years. It is known that ruffe eats the eggs of vendace, which are particularly vulnerable because of their long incubation period. This means that they are susceptible to predators for up to 120 days. The eggs of other fish, for example <a href="/wiki/Rutilus" title="Rutilus">roach</a>, are only at risk for as little as three days. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture_and_forestry">Agriculture and forestry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Agriculture and forestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thirleme_069.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Thirleme_069.jpg/220px-Thirleme_069.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Thirleme_069.jpg/330px-Thirleme_069.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Thirleme_069.jpg/440px-Thirleme_069.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A young <a href="/wiki/Herdwick" title="Herdwick">Herdwick</a> grazing above <a href="/wiki/Thirlmere" title="Thirlmere">Thirlmere</a>. Older sheep of this breed are grey or white.</figcaption></figure> <p>Farming, and in particular <a href="/wiki/Domestic_sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic sheep">sheep farming</a>, has been the major industry in the region since <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman</a> times. The breed most closely associated with the area is the tough <a href="/wiki/Herdwick" title="Herdwick">Herdwick</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Rough_Fell" title="Rough Fell">Rough Fell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swaledale_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaledale (sheep)">Swaledale</a> sheep also common. Sheep farming remains important both for the economy of the region and for preserving the landscape which visitors want to see. Features such as <a href="/wiki/Dry_stone_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry stone wall">dry stone walls</a>, for example, are there as a result of sheep farming. Some land is also used for <a href="/wiki/Silage" title="Silage">silage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming" title="Dairy farming">dairy farming</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hughie_-_Lakeland_Terrier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hughie_-_Lakeland_Terrier.jpg/130px-Hughie_-_Lakeland_Terrier.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hughie_-_Lakeland_Terrier.jpg/195px-Hughie_-_Lakeland_Terrier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hughie_-_Lakeland_Terrier.jpg/260px-Hughie_-_Lakeland_Terrier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lakeland_Terrier" title="Lakeland Terrier">Lakeland Terrier</a> is a District namesake, and native of the area's farms.</figcaption></figure> <p>The area was badly affected by the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Foot-and-mouth_disease" title="Foot-and-mouth disease">foot-and-mouth disease</a> across the United Kingdom in 2001. The outbreak started in <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a> in February but had spread to <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> by end of March.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thousands of sheep, including the native <a href="/wiki/Herdwick" title="Herdwick">Herdwicks</a> which graze on the fellsides across the district, were destroyed. In replacing the sheep, one problem to overcome was that many of the lost sheep were <i>heafed</i>, that is, they knew their part of the unfenced fell and did not stray, with this knowledge being passed between generations. With all the sheep lost at once, this knowledge has to be relearnt and some of the fells have had discreet <a href="/wiki/Electric_fence" title="Electric fence">electric fences</a> strung across them for a period of five years, to allow the sheep to "re-heaf".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the outbreak, worries existed about the future of certain species of sheep such as <a href="/wiki/Ryeland" title="Ryeland">Ryeland</a> and Herdwick in the district,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however these fears have been allayed and sheep now occupy the district in abundance.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forestry_on_Harter_Fell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Forestry_on_Harter_Fell.jpg/220px-Forestry_on_Harter_Fell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Forestry_on_Harter_Fell.jpg/330px-Forestry_on_Harter_Fell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Forestry_on_Harter_Fell.jpg/440px-Forestry_on_Harter_Fell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Forestry operations on <a href="/wiki/Harter_Fell,_Eskdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Harter Fell, Eskdale">Harter Fell</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Forestry has also assumed greater importance over the last century with the establishment of extensive conifer plantations around <a href="/wiki/Whinlatter_Pass" title="Whinlatter Pass">Whinlatter Pass</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ennerdale_Water" title="Ennerdale Water">Ennerdale</a>, and at <a href="/wiki/Grizedale_Forest" title="Grizedale Forest">Grizedale Forest</a> among other places. There are extensive plantations of non-native pine trees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With its wealth of rock types and their abundance in the landscape, mining and quarrying have long been significant activities in the Lake District economy. In <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> times, the Lake District was a major source of stone <a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">axes</a>, examples of which have been found all over Britain. The primary site, on the slopes of the Langdale Pikes, is sometimes described as a "stone axe factory" of the <a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a>. Some of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">stone circles</a> in Britain are connected with this industry. </p><p>Mining, particularly of copper, lead (often associated with quantities of silver), <a href="/wiki/Baryte" title="Baryte">baryte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">slate</a>, was historically a major Lakeland industry, mainly from the 16th to 19th centuries. Coppiced woodland was used extensively to provide <a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">charcoal</a> for smelting. Some mining still takes place today; for example, slate mining continues at the <a href="/wiki/Honister_Slate_Mine" title="Honister Slate Mine">Honister Mines</a>, at the top of <a href="/wiki/Honister_Pass" title="Honister Pass">Honister Pass</a>. Abandoned mine workings can be found on fellsides throughout the district. The locally mined graphite led to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Pencil" title="Pencil">pencil</a> industry, especially around <a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_District_near_Torver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Lake_District_near_Torver.jpg/220px-Lake_District_near_Torver.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Lake_District_near_Torver.jpg/330px-Lake_District_near_Torver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Lake_District_near_Torver.jpg/440px-Lake_District_near_Torver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A typical Lake District scene</figcaption></figure> <p>In the middle of the 19th century, half the world textile industry's <a href="/wiki/Bobbin" title="Bobbin">bobbin</a> supply came from the Lake District area. Over the past century, however, tourism has grown rapidly to become the area's primary source of income. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_of_tourism">Development of tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Development of tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lake_District" title="Special:EditPage/Lake District">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lake+District%22">"Lake District"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lake+District%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lake+District%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lake+District%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lake+District%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lake+District%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical">Historical</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Historical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early visitors to the Lake District, who travelled for the education and pleasure of the journey, include <a href="/wiki/Celia_Fiennes" title="Celia Fiennes">Celia Fiennes</a>, who in 1698 undertook a journey the length of England, including riding through <a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a> and over <a href="/wiki/Kirkstone_Pass" title="Kirkstone Pass">Kirkstone Pass</a> into <a href="/wiki/Patterdale" title="Patterdale">Patterdale</a>. Her experiences and impressions were published in her book <i>Great Journey to Newcastle and Cornwall</i>: </p> <blockquote><p>As I walked down at this place I was walled on both sides by those inaccessible high rocky barren hills which hang over one's head in some places and appear very terrible; and from them springs many little currents of water from the sides and clefts which trickle down to some lower part where it runs swiftly over the stones and shelves in the way, which makes a pleasant rush and murmuring noise and like a snowball is increased by each spring trickling down on either side of those hills, and so descends into the bottoms which are a Moorish ground in which in many places the waters stand, and so form some of those Lakes as it did here.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 1724, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a> published the first volume of <i>A Tour Thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain</i>. He commented on <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a> that it was: </p> <blockquote><p>the wildest, most barren and frightful of any that I have passed over in England, or even Wales itself; the west side, which borders on Cumberland, is indeed bounded by a chain of almost unpassable mountains which, in the language of the country, are called fells.</p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claife_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Claife_Station.jpg/220px-Claife_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Claife_Station.jpg/330px-Claife_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Claife_Station.jpg/440px-Claife_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Claife Station on the western shore of <a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Towards the end of the 18th century, the area was becoming more popular with travellers. This was partly a result of wars in <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continental Europe</a>, restricting the possibility of travel there. In 1778 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_West_(priest)" title="Thomas West (priest)">Thomas West</a> produced <i>A Guide to the Lakes</i>, which began the era of modern tourism. West listed "stations", viewpoints where tourists could enjoy the best views of the landscape, being encouraged to appreciate the formal qualities of the landscape and to apply aesthetic values. At some of these stations, buildings were erected to help this process. The remains of Claife Station (on the western shore <a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a> below <a href="/wiki/Claife_Heights" title="Claife Heights">Claife Heights</a>) can be visited today. </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a> published his <i>Guide to the Lakes</i> in 1810, and by 1835 it had reached its fifth edition, now called <i>A Guide Through the District of the Lakes in the North of England</i>. This book was particularly influential in popularising the region. Wordsworth's favourite valley was Dunnerdale or the <a href="/wiki/Duddon_Valley" title="Duddon Valley">Duddon Valley</a> in the southwest of the Lake District. </p><p>The railways led to another expansion in tourism. The <a href="/wiki/Kendal_and_Windermere_Railway" title="Kendal and Windermere Railway">Kendal and Windermere Railway</a> was the first to penetrate the Lake District, reaching <a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a> in 1846 and <a href="/wiki/Windermere,_Cumbria_(town)" title="Windermere, Cumbria (town)">Windermere</a> in 1847. The line to <a href="/wiki/Coniston,_Cumbria" title="Coniston, Cumbria">Coniston</a> opened in 1848 (although until 1857 this was only linked to the national network by ferries between <a href="/wiki/Fleetwood" title="Fleetwood">Fleetwood</a> and Barrow-in-Furness); the line from <a href="/wiki/Penrith,_Cumbria" title="Penrith, Cumbria">Penrith</a> through <a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cockermouth" title="Cockermouth">Cockermouth</a> in 1865; and the line to <a href="/wiki/Lakeside,_Cumbria" title="Lakeside, Cumbria">Lakeside</a> at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Windermere" title="Windermere">Windermere</a> in 1869. The railways, built with traditional industry in mind, brought with them a huge increase in the number of visitors, thus contributing to the growth of the tourism industry. Railway services were supplemented by steamer boats on the major lakes of <a href="/wiki/Ullswater" title="Ullswater">Ullswater</a>, Windermere, <a href="/wiki/Coniston_Water" title="Coniston Water">Coniston Water</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Derwent_Water" class="mw-redirect" title="Derwent Water">Derwent Water</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:STEAMER_ON_ULLSWATER.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/STEAMER_ON_ULLSWATER.jpg/220px-STEAMER_ON_ULLSWATER.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/STEAMER_ON_ULLSWATER.jpg/330px-STEAMER_ON_ULLSWATER.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/STEAMER_ON_ULLSWATER.jpg/440px-STEAMER_ON_ULLSWATER.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1528" data-file-height="736" /></a><figcaption>A steamer on <a href="/wiki/Ullswater" title="Ullswater">Ullswater</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The growth in tourist numbers continued into the age of the motor car, when railways began to be closed or run down. The formation of the <a href="/wiki/Lake_District_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake District National Park">Lake District National Park</a> in 1951 recognised the need to protect the Lake District environment from excessive commercial or industrial exploitation, preserving that which visitors come to see, without any restriction on the movement of people into and around the district. The <a href="/wiki/M6_Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="M6 Motorway">M6 Motorway</a> helped bring traffic to the Lake District, passing up its eastern flank. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Recent">Recent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Recent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The narrow roads present a challenge for traffic flow, and since the 1960s certain areas have been very congested. This problem continues, with traffic congestion and parking problems in the towns and villages. <a href="/wiki/Bowness-on-Windermere" title="Bowness-on-Windermere">Bowness-on-Windermere</a> addressed the parking issue with a new car park at the edge of the community and by extending an existing car park.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lake District NP publishes a list and map of car parks within its area, allowing tourists to plan their visits accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whilst the roads and railways provided easier access to the area, many people were drawn to Lakeland by the publication of the <i><a href="/wiki/Pictorial_Guide_to_the_Lakeland_Fells" title="Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells">Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Wainwright" title="Alfred Wainwright">Alfred Wainwright</a>. First published between 1955 and 1966, these books provided detailed information on 214 fells across the region, with carefully hand-drawn maps and panoramas, and also stories and asides which add to the colour of the area. They are still used by many visitors to the area as guides for walking excursions, with the ultimate goal of <a href="/wiki/Peak_bagging" title="Peak bagging">bagging</a> the complete list of <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wainwrights" title="List of Wainwrights">Wainwrights</a></i>. The famous guides were revised by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Jesty" title="Chris Jesty">Chris Jesty</a> between 2005 and 2009 to reflect changes, mainly in valley access and paths, and are currently being revised by Clive Hutchby, the author of The Wainwright Companion. The first of the revised volumes, Book One: The Eastern Fells, was published in March 2015; the most recent, Book Six: The North Western Fells, was published in April 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the early 1960s, the National Park Authority has employed rangers to help cope with increasing tourism and development, the first being <a href="/wiki/John_Wyatt_(writer)" title="John Wyatt (writer)">John Wyatt</a>, who has since written several guide books. He was joined two years later by a second, and since then the number of rangers has been rising. </p><p>The area has also become associated with the writer <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Potter" title="Beatrix Potter">Beatrix Potter</a>. Several tourists visit to see her family home, with particularly large numbers coming from Japan. </p><p>Tourism has now become the park's major industry, with about 12 million<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Disagrees with figures in National Park section</span></a></i>]</sup> visitors each year, mainly from the rest of the UK and from China, Japan, Spain, Germany, and the US.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windermere Lake Steamers are Cumbria's most popular charging tourist attraction, with about 1.35 million paying passengers each year, and the local economy is dependent upon tourists. The negative impact of tourism has been seen, however. <a href="/wiki/Soil_erosion" title="Soil erosion">Soil erosion</a>, caused by walking, is now a significant problem, with millions of pounds being spent to protect overused paths. In 2006, two <a href="/wiki/Visitor_center" title="Visitor center">tourist information centres</a> in the National Park were closed. </p><p>Cycling is now popular in the Lake District National Park.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of long-distance cycle routes go through the Lake District, including coast to coast cycle routes such as the <a href="/wiki/Coast_to_Coast_Cycle_Route" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast to Coast Cycle Route">C2C</a>, Hadrian's Cycleway, the Reivers Route and the Walney to Wear route. Several towns have also become hubs for road-cycling holidays and cycle touring, such as <a href="/wiki/Keswick,_Cumbria" title="Keswick, Cumbria">Keswick</a> and Ambleside. Mountain bikers use the trails constructed at Whinlatter Forest<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Grizedale Forest and also have wilder routes available on bridleways. </p><p>Cultural tourism is becoming an increasingly important part of the wider tourist industry. The Lake District's links with a wealth of artists and writers and its strong history of providing summer theatre performances in the old Blue Box of Century Theatre are strong attractions for visiting tourists. The tradition of theatre is carried on at venues such as <a href="/wiki/Theatre_by_the_Lake" title="Theatre by the Lake">Theatre by the Lake</a> in Keswick with its summer season of six plays in <a href="/wiki/Repertoire_(theatre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Repertoire (theatre)">repertoire</a>, Christmas and Easter productions, and the many literature, film, mountaineering, jazz, and creative arts festivals, such as the <a href="/wiki/Kendal_Mountain_Festival" title="Kendal Mountain Festival">Kendal Mountain Festival</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Keswick_Mountain_Festival" title="Keswick Mountain Festival">Keswick Mountain Festival</a>. Two museums, The World of Beatrix Potter and <a href="/wiki/Dove_Cottage" title="Dove Cottage">Dove Cottage</a> & The Wordsworth Museum, are also important aspects of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomy">Gastronomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Gastronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Excellent mutton and lamb have been produced locally for generations and traditionally formed the basis of the region's many rustic dishes, such as Tatie Pot, a potato-topped mutton casserole. The Traditional <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_sausage" title="Cumberland sausage">Cumberland Sausage</a> is a spiced, unlinked pork sausage with <a href="/wiki/Protected_Geographical_Status" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected Geographical Status">Protected Geographical Status</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lake District now has a growing reputation for its fine dining<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although standard pub and café fare continues to dominate. There are 7 <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelin Star">Michelin Star</a> restaurants within the World Heritage Site boundaries, with three more less than 5 miles outside (<a href="/wiki/L%27Enclume" title="L'Enclume">L'Enclume</a>, Rogan & Co, and Dog and Gun Inn). Those inside the area are: The Cottage in the Wood, Allium at <a href="/wiki/Askham_Hall" title="Askham Hall">Askham Hall</a>, Old Stamp House, Forest Side, heft, <a href="/wiki/The_Samling_Hotel" title="The Samling Hotel">The Samling</a>, and SOURCE, one of the two restaurants at the Gilpin Hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cumbria has many <a href="/wiki/Microbreweries" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbreweries">microbreweries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Distillery" class="mw-redirect" title="Distillery">distilleries</a> which distribute local <a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">ales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">lagers</a>, and craft <a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">gin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">vodka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">whisky</a> to pubs and restaurants throughout the region.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature_and_the_arts">Literature and the arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Literature and the arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lake_District" title="Special:EditPage/Lake District">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Lake District has inspired creativity in many fields. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountain_mist,_sun_rise_(Lake_District).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Mountain_mist%2C_sun_rise_%28Lake_District%29.jpg/220px-Mountain_mist%2C_sun_rise_%28Lake_District%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Mountain_mist%2C_sun_rise_%28Lake_District%29.jpg/330px-Mountain_mist%2C_sun_rise_%28Lake_District%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Mountain_mist%2C_sun_rise_%28Lake_District%29.jpg/440px-Mountain_mist%2C_sun_rise_%28Lake_District%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>"Mountain mist, sunrise", A view in the Lake District by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clarence_Whaite" title="Henry Clarence Whaite">Henry Clarence Whaite</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The District is intimately associated with <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a> of the 18th and 19th centuries. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray">Thomas Gray</a> was the first to bring the region to attention, when he wrote a journal of his <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a> in 1769, but it was <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a> whose poems were most famous and influential. Wordsworth's poem "<a href="/wiki/I_Wandered_Lonely_as_a_Cloud" title="I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud">I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud</a>", inspired by the sight of <a href="/wiki/Daffodils" class="mw-redirect" title="Daffodils">daffodils</a> on the shores of Ullswater, remains one of the most famous in the English language. Out of his long life of eighty years, sixty were spent amid its lakes and mountains, first as a schoolboy at <a href="/wiki/Hawkshead" title="Hawkshead">Hawkshead</a>, and afterward living in <a href="/wiki/Grasmere_(village)" title="Grasmere (village)">Grasmere</a> (1799–1813) and <a href="/wiki/Rydal_Mount" title="Rydal Mount">Rydal Mount</a> (1813–50). Wordsworth, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Southey</a> became known as the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a>. </p><p>The poet and his wife are buried in the churchyard of Grasmere; very near to them are the remains of <a href="/wiki/Hartley_Coleridge" title="Hartley Coleridge">Hartley Coleridge</a> (son of the poet <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a>), who himself lived for many years in Keswick, Ambleside, and Grasmere. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Robert Southey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom">Poet Laureate</a> and friend of Wordsworth (who would succeed Southey as Laureate in 1843), was a resident of Keswick for forty years (1803–43), and was buried in <a href="/wiki/St_Kentigern%27s_Church,_Crosthwaite" title="St Kentigern's Church, Crosthwaite">Crosthwaite churchyard</a>. Samuel Taylor Coleridge lived for some time in Keswick, and also with the Wordsworths at Grasmere. </p><p>The Lake District is mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice" title="Pride and Prejudice">Pride and Prejudice</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bennet" title="Elizabeth Bennet">Elizabeth Bennet</a> look forward to a holiday there with her aunt and uncle and is "excessively disappointed" upon learning they cannot travel that far. </p><p>The opening of <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Turner_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte Turner Smith">Charlotte Turner Smith</a>'s novel <i>Ethelinde</i> with its atmospheric description of <a href="/wiki/Grasmere_(village)" title="Grasmere (village)">Grasmere</a>, complete with a Gothic abbey, is supposed to have introduced Wordsworth to it as a possible place to live. </p><p>From 1807 to 1815 <a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Scottish_writer)" title="John Wilson (Scottish writer)">John Wilson</a> lived at Windermere. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Quincey" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas de Quincey">Thomas de Quincey</a> spent the greater part of the years 1809 to 1828 at Grasmere, in the first cottage which Wordsworth had inhabited. Ambleside, or its environs, was also the place of residence both of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arnold" title="Thomas Arnold">Thomas Arnold</a>, who spent holidays there in the last ten years of his life, and of <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Martineau" title="Harriet Martineau">Harriet Martineau</a>, who built herself a house there in 1845. At Keswick, Mrs Lynn Linton (wife of <a href="/wiki/William_James_Linton" title="William James Linton">William James Linton</a>) was born in 1822. <a href="/wiki/Brantwood" title="Brantwood">Brantwood</a>, a house beside Coniston Water, was the home of <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a> during the last years of his life. His assistant <a href="/wiki/W._G._Collingwood" title="W. G. Collingwood">W. G. Collingwood</a> the author, artist, and antiquarian lived nearby and wrote <i>Thorstein of the Mere,</i> set in the Norse period. </p><p>In addition to these residents or natives of the Lake District, a variety of other poets and writers made visits to the Lake District or were bound by ties of friendship with those already mentioned above. These include <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Walter Scott">Sir Walter Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hugh_Clough" title="Arthur Hugh Clough">Arthur Hugh Clough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Crabb_Robinson" title="Henry Crabb Robinson">Henry Crabb Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sharp_(politician)" title="Richard Sharp (politician)">"Conversation" Sharp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Tennyson,_1st_Baron_Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson">Lord Tennyson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Matthew Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felicia_Hemans" title="Felicia Hemans">Felicia Hemans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Massey" title="Gerald Massey">Gerald Massey</a>. </p><p>Although it is unlikely she ever went there, <a href="/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon" title="Letitia Elizabeth Landon">Letitia Elizabeth Landon</a> produced no fewer than sixteen poems on subjects within the Lake District and its surroundings, all associated with engravings within Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Books, from 1832 to 1838. Also included there (1834) is <i>Grasmere Lake (A Sketch by a Cockney)</i>, a skit on becoming a 'lakes poet'. </p><p>During the early 20th century, the children's author <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Potter" title="Beatrix Potter">Beatrix Potter</a> lived at <a href="/wiki/Hill_Top,_Cumbria" title="Hill Top, Cumbria">Hill Top</a> Farm; she set many of her famous <a href="/wiki/Peter_Rabbit" title="Peter Rabbit">Peter Rabbit</a> books in the Lake District. Her life was made into a <a href="/wiki/Miss_Potter" title="Miss Potter">biopic film</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger" title="Renée Zellweger">Renée Zellweger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ewan_McGregor" title="Ewan McGregor">Ewan McGregor</a>. Children's author <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ransome" title="Arthur Ransome">Arthur Ransome</a> lived in several areas of the Lake District, and set five of his <a href="/wiki/Swallows_and_Amazons_series" title="Swallows and Amazons series">Swallows and Amazons series</a> of books, published between 1930 and 1947, in a fictionalised Lake District setting. So did <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Trease" title="Geoffrey Trease">Geoffrey Trease</a> with his five Black Banner school stories (1949–56), starting with <i><a href="/wiki/No_Boats_on_Bannermere" title="No Boats on Bannermere">No Boats on Bannermere</a></i>. </p><p>The novelist <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Walpole" title="Hugh Walpole">Sir Hugh Walpole</a> lived at "Brackenburn" on the lower slopes of <a href="/wiki/Catbells" class="mw-redirect" title="Catbells">Catbells</a> overlooking Derwent Water from 1924 until he died in 1941. Whilst living at "Brackenburn" he wrote <i>The Herries Chronicle</i> detailing the history of a fictional Cumbrian family over two centuries. The noted author and poet <a href="/wiki/Norman_Nicholson" title="Norman Nicholson">Norman Nicholson</a> came from the southwest lakes, living and writing about <a href="/wiki/Millom" title="Millom">Millom</a> in the 20th century – he was known as the last of the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a> and came close to becoming the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poet_Laureate.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poet Laureate. (page does not exist)">Poet Laureate.</a> </p><p>Writer and author <a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Bragg" title="Melvyn Bragg">Melvyn Bragg</a> was brought up in the region and has used it as the setting for some of his work, such as his novel <i>A Time to Dance</i>, which later turned into a television drama. </p><p>The Lake District is the setting for the 1977 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adams" title="Richard Adams">Richard Adams</a>' novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Plague_Dogs_(novel)" title="The Plague Dogs (novel)">The Plague Dogs</a></i>. Adams' knowledge of the area offers the reader a precise view of the natural beauty of the Lake District. The story is based on a fictionalised version of the remote hill farm of Lawson Park, overlooking Coniston Water. </p><p>The Lake District has been the setting for crime novels by <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Hill" title="Reginald Hill">Reginald Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val_McDermid" title="Val McDermid">Val McDermid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Edwards_(author)" title="Martin Edwards (author)">Martin Edwards</a>. The region is also a recurring theme in <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>'s 1926 novella <i><a href="/wiki/The_Torrents_of_Spring" title="The Torrents of Spring">The Torrents of Spring</a></i> and features prominently in <a href="/wiki/Ian_McEwan" title="Ian McEwan">Ian McEwan</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_(novel)" title="Amsterdam (novel)">Amsterdam</a></i>, which won the 1998 <a href="/wiki/Booker_Prize" title="Booker Prize">Booker Prize</a>. The 1996 <a href="/wiki/Eisner_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisner Award">Eisner Award</a> winning <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_One_Bad_Rat" title="The Tale of One Bad Rat">The Tale of One Bad Rat</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Talbot" title="Bryan Talbot">Bryan Talbot</a>, features a young girl's journey to and subsequent stay in the Lake District. Also set in the District is Sophie Jackson's mystery novel <i>The Woman Died Thrice</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was published in 2016 under Jackson's pen name Evelyn James. </p><p>Memoirist and nature writer <a href="/wiki/James_Rebanks" title="James Rebanks">James Rebanks</a> has published several books about the Lake District, including two acclaimed books that detail his life as a sheep farmer: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd%27s_Life" title="The Shepherd's Life">The Shepherd's Life: A Tale of the Lake District</a></i> (2015) and <i>English Pastoral: An Inheritance</i> (2020). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Visual arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DV342_Ullswater_from_above_Pattersdale.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DV342_Ullswater_from_above_Pattersdale.png/220px-DV342_Ullswater_from_above_Pattersdale.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DV342_Ullswater_from_above_Pattersdale.png/330px-DV342_Ullswater_from_above_Pattersdale.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DV342_Ullswater_from_above_Pattersdale.png/440px-DV342_Ullswater_from_above_Pattersdale.png 2x" data-file-width="2804" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ullswater" title="Ullswater">Ullswater</a> painted by <a href="/wiki/John_Parker_(cleric)" title="John Parker (cleric)">John Parker</a> 1825</figcaption></figure> <p>The Lakes have been an inspiration for many notable artists. Two of the most famous artists to depict the region in their work were <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Heaton_Cooper" title="Alfred Heaton Cooper">Alfred Heaton Cooper</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Heaton_Cooper" title="William Heaton Cooper">William Heaton Cooper</a>. </p><p>The German artist <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a> visited the Lake District while in exile in Great Britain and moved there permanently in June 1945, remaining there for the rest of his life. </p><p>Film director <a href="/wiki/Ken_Russell" title="Ken Russell">Ken Russell</a> lived in the Keswick/Borrowdale area from 1975 to 2007<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and used it in films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Tommy_(1975_film)" title="Tommy (1975 film)">Tommy</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mahler_(film)" title="Mahler (film)">Mahler</a></i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Keswick_School_of_Industrial_Art" title="Keswick School of Industrial Art">Keswick School of Industrial Art</a> at Keswick was started in 1884 by <a href="/wiki/Canon_Rawnsley" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon Rawnsley">Canon Rawnsley</a>, a friend of <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a>. </p><p>The base of contemporary art commissioner and residency base <a href="/wiki/Grizedale_Arts" title="Grizedale Arts">Grizedale Arts</a> since 2007, Lawson Park now hosts artists' residencies, opens to the public on occasion, and has developed a significant garden that includes artworks alongside extensive plantings. Grizedale Arts has produced many internationally significant cultural projects and has proved instrumental in the careers of several <a href="/wiki/Turner_Prize" title="Turner Prize">Turner Prize</a>-winning artists, making Laure Provoust's winning installation 'Wantee' at Lawson Park, and bringing the exhibition to Coniston's <a href="/wiki/Ruskin_Museum" title="Ruskin Museum">Ruskin Museum</a> in 2013. It also supported the refurbishment of the historic <a href="/wiki/Coniston,_Cumbria" title="Coniston, Cumbria">Coniston</a> Institute and developed an Honest Shop there (opening in 2012), an unstaffed shop stocking local crafts and produce. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musicians">Musicians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Musicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English composer Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Somervell" title="Arthur Somervell">Arthur Somervell</a> (1863 – 1937) was born in Windermere. </p><p>The 17th track on American singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>'s eighth studio album, <i><a href="/wiki/Folklore_(Taylor_Swift_album)" title="Folklore (Taylor Swift album)">Folklore</a></i>, released in 2020 as a bonus track, is titled "<a href="/wiki/The_Lakes_(song)" title="The Lakes (song)">The Lakes</a>", and details Swift's experience living in the Lake District. Swift makes reference to the Lake poet William Wordsworth by name.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several words and phrases are local to the Lake District and are part of the <a href="/wiki/Cumbrian_dialect" title="Cumbrian dialect">Cumbrian dialect</a>, though many are shared by other northern dialects. These include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fell" title="Fell">Fell</a> – from <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">fjallr</i></span>, brought to England by <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> invaders and close to modern Norwegian <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">fjell</i></span> and Swedish <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">fjäll</i></span> meaning mountain</li> <li>Howe – place name from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> <i>haugr</i> meaning hill, knoll, or mound</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarn_(lake)" title="Tarn (lake)">Tarn</a> – a word that has been taken to mean a small lake situated in a <a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">corrie</a> (the local name for which is <i>cove</i> or <i>comb</i>), a local phrase for any small pool of water. The word is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>, Norwegian and Swedish word <i>tjern/tjärn</i>, meaning small lake.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_tan_tethera" title="Yan tan tethera">Yan tan tethera</a> – the name for a system of sheep counting which was traditionally used in the Lake District. Though now rare, it is still used by some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and taught in local schools.</li> <li>Heaf (a variant of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heft" class="extiw" title="wikt:heft">heft</a>) – the "home territory" of a flock of sheep</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_North_West_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_North_West_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_West_England" title="Portal:North West England">North West England portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herdwick_sheep_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Herdwick_sheep_crop.jpg/28px-Herdwick_sheep_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Herdwick_sheep_crop.jpg/42px-Herdwick_sheep_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Herdwick_sheep_crop.jpg/56px-Herdwick_sheep_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="113" data-file-height="113" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cumbria" title="Portal:Cumbria">Cumbria portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Regions of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sellafield" title="Sellafield">Sellafield</a> (multi-function nuclear site)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walkers from other valleys are often surprised at the length (and cost) of a taxi journey back to their starting point if they descend from the fells into Wasdale. For instance, Seatoller to Wasdale head is about 6 miles on foot, but 49 miles by road.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A stream flowing into a lake may create a <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">delta</a>. The delta of a side stream can completely cross a narrow lake dividing it into two by a stretch of flat land.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/959">[1]</a> from the World Database on Protected Areas. Retrieved 5 MaFeby 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ldnpfaf-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ldnpfaf_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ldnpfaf_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ldnpfaf_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/learning/factsandfigures">"Lake District facts and figures"</a>. <i>Lake District National Park Authority website</i>. Lake District National Park Authority. 24 May 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170919072006/https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/learning/factsandfigures">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lake+District+National+Park+Authority+website&rft.atitle=Lake+District+facts+and+figures&rft.date=2005-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2Flearning%2Ffactsandfigures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-facts-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-facts_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120627173746/http://www.nationalparks.gov.uk/press/factsandfigures.htm">"National Park facts and figures"</a>. <i>nationalparks.gov.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalparks.gov.uk/press/factsandfigures.htm">the original</a> on 27 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nationalparks.gov.uk&rft.atitle=National+Park+facts+and+figures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalparks.gov.uk%2Fpress%2Ffactsandfigures.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cumbrian Mountains: <i>Philips' Elementary Atlas and Geography</i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/John_Francon_Williams" title="John Francon Williams">John Francon Williams</a> published by <a href="/wiki/George_Philip_%26_Son_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="George Philip & Son Ltd.">George Philip & Son Ltd.</a>, 1882: (2) The Cumbrian Mountains are a group in the counties of Cumberland, Westmoreland, and northern Lancashire, near the coast of the Irish Sea. They contain the highest elevation in England – Scaw Fell (<a href="/wiki/Scafell_Pike" title="Scafell Pike">Scafell Pike</a>), 3,208 feet above the level of the sea (retrieved 2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/learning/factsandfigures">"Lake District facts and figures"</a>. <i>Lake District National Park</i>. 24 May 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lake+District+National+Park&rft.atitle=Lake+District+facts+and+figures&rft.date=2005-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2Flearning%2Ffactsandfigures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/places-to-go/explore-wastwater-eskdale-and-west-coast">"Wastwater and the Lake District West Coast - explore and visit"</a>. <i>Lake District National Park</i>. 17 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190922173333/https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/places-to-go/explore-wastwater-eskdale-and-west-coast">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lake+District+National+Park&rft.atitle=Wastwater+and+the+Lake+District+West+Coast+-+explore+and+visit&rft.date=2013-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2Fvisiting%2Fplaces-to-go%2Fexplore-wastwater-eskdale-and-west-coast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/places-to-go/explore-windermere-and-ambleside">"Lake District National Park - Explore Windermere"</a>. Lakedistrict.gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403091931/http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/placestogo/explorewindermere">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lake+District+National+Park+-+Explore+Windermere&rft.pub=Lakedistrict.gov.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2Fvisiting%2Fplaces-to-go%2Fexplore-windermere-and-ambleside&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807063903/https://www.unesco.org.uk/news/english-lake-district-welcomed-into-uk-unesco-family-as-31st-uk-world-heritage-site/">"English Lake District welcomed into UK UNESCO family as 31st UK World Heritage Site"</a>. <i>unesco.org.uk</i>. 9 July 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unesco.org.uk/news/english-lake-district-welcomed-into-uk-unesco-family-as-31st-uk-world-heritage-site">the original</a> on 7 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unesco.org.uk&rft.atitle=English+Lake+District+welcomed+into+UK+UNESCO+family+as+31st+UK+World+Heritage+Site&rft.date=2017-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org.uk%2Fnews%2Fenglish-lake-district-welcomed-into-uk-unesco-family-as-31st-uk-world-heritage-site&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-36905517">"Yorkshire Dales and Lake District national parks extend"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 1 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115111335/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-36905517">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Yorkshire+Dales+and+Lake+District+national+parks+extend&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-36905517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/learning/factstourism">"Tourism"</a>. <i>Lake District National Park</i>. 29 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lake+District+National+Park&rft.atitle=Tourism&rft.date=2013-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2Flearning%2Ffactstourism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk">"Lake District National Park – Home page"</a>. Lakedistrict.gov.uk. 6 April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160207012942/http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lake+District+National+Park+%E2%80%93+Home+page&rft.pub=Lakedistrict.gov.uk&rft.date=2005-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto2_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807063903/https://www.unesco.org.uk/news/english-lake-district-welcomed-into-uk-unesco-family-as-31st-uk-world-heritage-site/">"English Lake District welcomed into UK UNESCO family as 31st UK World Heritage Site"</a>. <i>unesco.org.uk</i>. 9 July 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unesco.org.uk/news/english-lake-district-welcomed-into-uk-unesco-family-as-31st-uk-world-heritage-site">the original</a> on 7 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unesco.org.uk&rft.atitle=English+Lake+District+welcomed+into+UK+UNESCO+family+as+31st+UK+World+Heritage+Site&rft.date=2017-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org.uk%2Fnews%2Fenglish-lake-district-welcomed-into-uk-unesco-family-as-31st-uk-world-heritage-site&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thewestmorlandgazette.co.uk/news/9746100.lake-district-misses-its-world-heritage-status-bid/">"Lake District misses its World Heritage status bid"</a>. <i>The Westmorland Gazette</i>. 7 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Westmorland+Gazette&rft.atitle=Lake+District+misses+its+World+Heritage+status+bid&rft.date=2012-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewestmorlandgazette.co.uk%2Fnews%2F9746100.lake-district-misses-its-world-heritage-status-bid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brockhole.co.uk">"Brockhole"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brockhole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brockhole.co.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conistonboatingcentre.co.uk">"Coniston Boating Centre"</a>. Lake District National Park.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coniston+Boating+Centre&rft.pub=Lake+District+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conistonboatingcentre.co.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/770/schedule/1">"The National Park Authorities (England) Order 2015, Schedule 1"</a>. <i>Legislation.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+National+Park+Authorities+%28England%29+Order+2015%2C+Schedule+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2015%2F770%2Fschedule%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">OS 1:50,000 scale mapping</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825080327/http://www.southlakeland.gov.uk/site-information/search.aspx?terms=lake%2Bdistrict%2Bpeninsulas&cf=keywords">"South Lakeland District Council website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southlakeland.gov.uk/site-information/search.aspx?terms=lake+district+peninsulas&cf=keywords">the original</a> on 25 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Lakeland+District+Council+website.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southlakeland.gov.uk%2Fsite-information%2Fsearch.aspx%3Fterms%3Dlake%2Bdistrict%2Bpeninsulas%26cf%3Dkeywords&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 scale Landranger map sheets 89, 90, 96 & 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren2012" class="citation news cs1">Warren, Simon (20 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2012/jul/20/britains-top-10-toughest-cycle-climbs">"Britain's top 10 toughest cycle climbs"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130826015224/http://www.theguardian.com/travel/2012/jul/20/britains-top-10-toughest-cycle-climbs">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Britain%27s+top+10+toughest+cycle+climbs&rft.date=2012-07-20&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftravel%2F2012%2Fjul%2F20%2Fbritains-top-10-toughest-cycle-climbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitcumbria.com/the-cumbrian-coast-railway/">"The Furness Railway and the Cumbrian Coast Railway"</a>. <i>Visit Cumbria</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031708/https://www.visitcumbria.com/the-cumbrian-coast-railway/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Cumbria&rft.atitle=The+Furness+Railway+and+the+Cumbrian+Coast+Railway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitcumbria.com%2Fthe-cumbrian-coast-railway%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/things-to-do/rowupdates/rowfaqs">"FAQs - Rights of Way"</a>. <i>Lake District National Park</i>. 6 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lake+District+National+Park&rft.atitle=FAQs+-+Rights+of+Way&rft.date=2017-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2Fvisiting%2Fthings-to-do%2Frowupdates%2Frowfaqs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/552950/1.2-RoW-FAQs.pdf">"Frequently asked questions: Rights of Way"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Lake District National Park. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160519131402/http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/thingstodo/green_roads">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+asked+questions%3A+Rights+of+Way&rft.pub=Lake+District+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0008%2F552950%2F1.2-RoW-FAQs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ihc-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ihc_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cumbria-industries.org.uk/a-z-of-industries/roads/">"Roads"</a>. <i>Industrial History of Cumbria</i>. Cumbria Industrial History Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160525084346/http://www.cumbria-industries.org.uk/a-z-of-industries/roads/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Industrial+History+of+Cumbria&rft.atitle=Roads&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cumbria-industries.org.uk%2Fa-z-of-industries%2Froads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coastto.co.uk">"A Coast to Coast Walk"</a>. <i>Coast-to-Coast</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coast-to-Coast&rft.atitle=A+Coast+to+Coast+Walk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coastto.co.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/thingstodo/green_roads">"Green Road driving"</a>. Lake District National Park. 24 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6hb6lwL7B?url=http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/thingstodo/green_roads">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Green+Road+driving&rft.pub=Lake+District+National+Park&rft.date=2013-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2Fvisiting%2Fthingstodo%2Fgreen_roads&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cumbria.gov.uk/roads-transport/public-transport-road-safety/countryside-access/hotr/hierarchy_of_trails_routes.asp">"Hierarchy of Trails Routes"</a>. <i>www.cumbria.gov.uk</i>. Chief Executives Office, Cumbria County Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6hb70zxtL?url=http://www.cumbria.gov.uk/roads-transport/public-transport-road-safety/countryside-access/hotr/hierarchy_of_trails_routes.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cumbria.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Hierarchy+of+Trails+Routes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cumbria.gov.uk%2Froads-transport%2Fpublic-transport-road-safety%2Fcountryside-access%2Fhotr%2Fhierarchy_of_trails_routes.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/thingstodo/green_roads/green_road_gatescarth">"Gatescarth Pass"</a>. <i>Lake District National Park</i>. 16 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6hOooHi0y?url=http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/thingstodo/green_roads/green_road_gatescarth">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lake+District+National+Park&rft.atitle=Gatescarth+Pass&rft.date=2014-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2Fvisiting%2Fthingstodo%2Fgreen_roads%2Fgreen_road_gatescarth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-16942068">"Motorised vehicle ban for Lake District's Walna Scar"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925225731/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-16942068">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Motorised+vehicle+ban+for+Lake+District%27s+Walna+Scar&rft.date=2012-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-cumbria-16942068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gleam-uk.org/contentious-issues/walna-scar-road-restricted-byway-order-renewed/">"Walna Scar Road – Restricted Byway Confirmed"</a>. <i>GLEAM</i>. Green Lanes Environmental Action Movement. January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6hbFJ1aFS?url=http://www.gleam-uk.org/contentious-issues/walna-scar-road-restricted-byway-order-renewed/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GLEAM&rft.atitle=Walna+Scar+Road+%E2%80%93+Restricted+Byway+Confirmed&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gleam-uk.org%2Fcontentious-issues%2Fwalna-scar-road-restricted-byway-order-renewed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011943/http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/170701/c_farming_land_man.pdf">"The state of farming and land management in the Lake District"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. lakedistrict.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/170701/c_farming_land_man.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+state+of+farming+and+land+management+in+the+Lake+District&rft.pub=lakedistrict.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0016%2F170701%2Fc_farming_land_man.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083646/http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/NWWM_CumbriaWoodlandStrategy.pdf/$FILE/NWWM_CumbriaWoodlandStrategy.pdf">"Forestry Commission Cumbria"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. forestry.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/NWWM_CumbriaWoodlandStrategy.pdf/$FILE/NWWM_CumbriaWoodlandStrategy.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/nw">the original</a> on 5 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Met+Office&rft.atitle=UK+regional+climates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoffice.gov.uk%2Fclimate%2Fuk%2Fnw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVisit_Cumbria" class="citation web cs1">Visit Cumbria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitcumbria.com/lake-district-weather/">"Lake District weather"</a>. <i>visitcumbria.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408073911/https://www.visitcumbria.com/lake-district-weather/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Osprey+spotted+in+Cumbria+at+start+of+nesting+season&rft.date=2012-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-cumbria-17584430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-10849991">"Red kites returned to Cumbria forest after 160 years"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 3 August 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140422110157/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-10849991">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Red+kites+returned+to+Cumbria+forest+after+160+years&rft.date=2010-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-cumbria-10849991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.birdguides.com/news/red-kites-breed-in-cumbria-after-more-than-200-years/">"Red Kites breed in Cumbria after more than 200 years"</a>. <i>BirdGuides</i>. 17 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BirdGuides&rft.atitle=Red+Kites+breed+in+Cumbria+after+more+than+200+years&rft.date=2014-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.birdguides.com%2Fnews%2Fred-kites-breed-in-cumbria-after-more-than-200-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-18073449">"Grizedale Forest sees reintroduction of red kites"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 15 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722162728/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-18073449">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Grizedale+Forest+sees+reintroduction+of+red+kites&rft.date=2012-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-cumbria-18073449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rspb.org.uk/reserves/guide/h/haweswater/star_species.aspx">"Haweswater – Star species"</a>. <i>RSPB</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120829124844/http://www.rspb.org.uk/reserves/guide/h/haweswater/star_species.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RSPB&rft.atitle=Haweswater+%E2%80%93+Star+species&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rspb.org.uk%2Freserves%2Fguide%2Fh%2Fhaweswater%2Fstar_species.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rspb.org.uk/reserves/guide/h/haweswater/seasonal_highlights.aspx">"Haweswater – Seasonal highlights"</a>. <i>RSPB</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120829123956/http://www.rspb.org.uk/reserves/guide/h/haweswater/seasonal_highlights.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RSPB&rft.atitle=Haweswater+%E2%80%93+Seasonal+highlights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rspb.org.uk%2Freserves%2Fguide%2Fh%2Fhaweswater%2Fseasonal_highlights.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110415020122/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/3346740/Ancient-vendace-fish-saved-from-edge-of-extinction.html">"Ancient vendace fish saved from edge of extinction"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 9 July 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/earthnews/3346740/Ancient-vendace-fish-saved-from-edge-of-extinction.html">the original</a> on 15 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Ancient+vendace+fish+saved+from+edge+of+extinction&rft.date=2009-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fearth%2Fearthnews%2F3346740%2FAncient-vendace-fish-saved-from-edge-of-extinction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2513699.stm">"Algae threatens rare fish"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 27 November 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080305073548/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2513699.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Algae+threatens+rare+fish&rft.date=2002-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2F2513699.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cumbria/4486024.stm">"Endangered fish take to the air"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 30 November 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214040646/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cumbria/4486024.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Endangered+fish+take+to+the+air&rft.date=2005-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fcumbria%2F4486024.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-13042511">"Llamas move fish to cooler waters in Lake District"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 12 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120327132836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-13042511">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Llamas+move+fish+to+cooler+waters+in+Lake+District&rft.date=2011-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-cumbria-13042511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCadwalladr2001" class="citation news cs1">Cadwalladr, Carole (26 March 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1327961/Lake-District-nightmare-as-fell-farm-is-infected.html">"Lake District 'nightmare' as fell farm is infected"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140426174133/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1327961/Lake-District-nightmare-as-fell-farm-is-infected.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Lake+District+%27nightmare%27+as+fell+farm+is+infected&rft.date=2001-03-26&rft.aulast=Cadwalladr&rft.aufirst=Carole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1327961%2FLake-District-nightmare-as-fell-farm-is-infected.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin2001" class="citation news cs1">Griffin, Harry (11 April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/apr/11/footandmouth.features11">"If they go, it is the end of Lakeland"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140317020654/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/apr/11/footandmouth.features11">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=If+they+go%2C+it+is+the+end+of+Lakeland&rft.date=2001-04-11&rft.aulast=Griffin&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2001%2Fapr%2F11%2Ffootandmouth.features11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacClean2001" class="citation news cs1">MacClean, Matt (21 March 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1233458.stm">"Rare breeds 'could be lost'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070301154754/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1233458.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Rare+breeds+%27could+be+lost%27&rft.date=2001-03-21&rft.aulast=MacClean&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F1233458.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2011" class="citation news cs1">Clarke, Tom (9 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/news/sheep-breed-resurrected-decade-on-from-foot-and-mouth">"Sheep breed resurrected decade on from foot and mouth"</a>. <i>Channel 4 News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110217033412/http://www.channel4.com/news/sheep-breed-resurrected-decade-on-from-foot-and-mouth">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Channel+4+News&rft.atitle=Sheep+breed+resurrected+decade+on+from+foot+and+mouth&rft.date=2011-02-09&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fnews%2Fsheep-breed-resurrected-decade-on-from-foot-and-mouth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFosterMills2002" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Shirley; Mills, Sara (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=81JxDbc2KeIC&pg=PA183"><i>An Anthology of Women's Travel Writing</i></a>. Manchester University Press. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5018-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5018-3"><bdi>978-0-7190-5018-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804033227/https://books.google.com/books?id=81JxDbc2KeIC&pg=PA183">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Anthology+of+Women%27s+Travel+Writing&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-5018-3&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft.au=Mills%2C+Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D81JxDbc2KeIC%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://falconwoodgcsegeography.weebly.com/a-uk-national-park-case-study.html">"GCSE Geography: Tourism"</a>. <i>Falconwood GCSE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Falconwood+GCSE&rft.atitle=GCSE+Geography%3A+Tourism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffalconwoodgcsegeography.weebly.com%2Fa-uk-national-park-case-study.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/getting-to-the-lake-district/carparks">"Car parks"</a>. <i>Lake District NP Authority</i>. 30 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lake+District+NP+Authority&rft.atitle=Car+parks&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2Fvisiting%2Fgetting-to-the-lake-district%2Fcarparks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWainwright2005" class="citation news cs1">Wainwright, Martin (13 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/jun/13/books.ruralaffairs">"Famed fells guides join the 21st century"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201214536/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/jun/13/books.ruralaffairs">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Famed+fells+guides+join+the+21st+century&rft.date=2005-06-13&rft.aulast=Wainwright&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2005%2Fjun%2F13%2Fbooks.ruralaffairs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050127144348/http://www.bbc.co.uk/holiday/destinations/lake_district_cartmel/">"Desintations: Lake District"</a>. BBC\. 27 January 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/holiday/destinations/lake_district_cartmel">the original</a> on 27 January 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Desintations%3A+Lake+District&rft.pub=BBC%5C&rft.date=2005-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fholiday%2Fdestinations%2Flake_district_cartmel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/things-to-do/cycling">"Lake District cycling"</a>. <i>Lake District National Park</i>. 25 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529132440/https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/visiting/things-to-do/cycling">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lake+District+National+Park&rft.atitle=Lake+District+cycling&rft.date=2017-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakedistrict.gov.uk%2Fvisiting%2Fthings-to-do%2Fcycling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forestryengland.uk/whinlatter/cycling-and-mountain-biking-trails-whinlatter">"Cycling and mountain biking trails at Whinlatter"</a>. <i>Forestry England</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529132438/https://www.forestryengland.uk/whinlatter/cycling-and-mountain-biking-trails-whinlatter">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forestry+England&rft.atitle=Cycling+and+mountain+biking+trails+at+Whinlatter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forestryengland.uk%2Fwhinlatter%2Fcycling-and-mountain-biking-trails-whinlatter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/271308/pfn-cumberland-sausage-pgi.pdf">"Traditional Cumberland Sausage"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190724150530/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/271308/pfn-cumberland-sausage-pgi.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traditional+Cumberland+Sausage&rft.pub=Department+for+the+Environment%2C+Food+and+Rural+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F271308%2Fpfn-cumberland-sausage-pgi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarry_Wallop2010" class="citation news cs1">Harry Wallop (15 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/6998093/Michelin-Guide-2010-UK-has-more-starred-restaurants-than-ever-before.html">"Michelin Guide 2010: UK has more starred restaurants than ever before"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308152803/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/6998093/Michelin-Guide-2010-UK-has-more-starred-restaurants-than-ever-before.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2017</span>. <q>the Lake District is becoming one of the best places to eat in Britain</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Michelin+Guide+2010%3A+UK+has+more+starred+restaurants+than+ever+before&rft.date=2010-01-15&rft.au=Harry+Wallop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffoodanddrink%2Ffoodanddrinknews%2F6998093%2FMichelin-Guide-2010-UK-has-more-starred-restaurants-than-ever-before.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guide.michelin.com/gb/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/the-full-list-of-michelin-stars-in-the-michelin-guide-great-britain-ireland-2023">"The Full List of Michelin Stars in the MICHELIN Guide Great Britain & Ireland 2023"</a>. <i>MICHELIN Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MICHELIN+Guide&rft.atitle=The+Full+List+of+Michelin+Stars+in+the+MICHELIN+Guide+Great+Britain+%26+Ireland+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguide.michelin.com%2Fgb%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fmichelin-guide-ceremony%2Fthe-full-list-of-michelin-stars-in-the-michelin-guide-great-britain-ireland-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitlakedistrict.com/food-and-drink/breweries-and-distilleries">"Breweries & Distilleries"</a>. <i>Visit Lake District</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Lake+District&rft.atitle=Breweries+%26+Distilleries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitlakedistrict.com%2Ffood-and-drink%2Fbreweries-and-distilleries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sophiejackson1984.wixsite.com/sophiejackson/fiction">"Clara Fitzgerald Mysteries"</a>. <i>Sophie Jackson's website</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819150201/http://sophiejackson1984.wixsite.com/sophiejackson/fiction">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sophie+Jackson%27s+website&rft.atitle=Clara+Fitzgerald+Mysteries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsophiejackson1984.wixsite.com%2Fsophiejackson%2Ffiction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218052207/http://www.thelakedistrict.info/2008/11/coombe-cottage.html">"Coombe Cottage"</a>. Thelakedistrict.info. 11 July 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelakedistrict.info/2008/11/coombe-cottage.html">the original</a> on 18 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coombe+Cottage&rft.pub=Thelakedistrict.info&rft.date=2006-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelakedistrict.info%2F2008%2F11%2Fcoombe-cottage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpanos2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Spanos, Brittany (18 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/taylor-swift-the-lakes-folklore-1045311/">"Taylor Swift Channels Romantic-Era Poetry With 'The Lakes'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200828100155/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/taylor-swift-the-lakes-folklore-1045311/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Taylor+Swift+Channels+Romantic-Era+Poetry+With+%27The+Lakes%27&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft.aulast=Spanos&rft.aufirst=Brittany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Ftaylor-swift-the-lakes-folklore-1045311%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilton2013" class="citation book cs1">Chilton, Steve (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sandstonepress.com/books/its-a-hill-get-over-it-pb"><i>It's a hill, get over it: fell running's history and characters</i></a>. Dingwall: Sandstone Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908737-57-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908737-57-1"><bdi>978-1-908737-57-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It%27s+a+hill%2C+get+over+it%3A+fell+running%27s+history+and+characters&rft.place=Dingwall&rft.pub=Sandstone+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-908737-57-1&rft.aulast=Chilton&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsandstonepress.com%2Fbooks%2Fits-a-hill-get-over-it-pb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+District" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gannon, P. <i>Rock Trails Lakeland: A Hillwalker's Guide to the Geology and Scenery</i>, 2008, Pesda Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906095-15-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906095-15-4">978-1-906095-15-4</a></li> <li>Hollingsworth, S. <i>The Geology of the Lake District: a review</i>, Proc. Geologists Assoc., 65 (Part 4) 1954</li> <li>Moseley, F. <i>Geology of the Lake District</i>, 1978, Yorkshire Geological Society</li> <li>Lake District Tours, <i>A Collection of Travel Writings and Guide Books in the Romantic Era in 6 vols.</i>, edited by Tomoya Oda, Eureka Press, 2008.</li> <li>Wilson PW and Jarman D (2015): Rock slope failure in the Lake District. In McDougall DA and Evans DJA (eds), The Quaternary of the Lake District - Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association, London, 83–95.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lake_District" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Lake District">Lake District</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Hikes_in_the_Lake_District#Q211778" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Hikes in the Lake District">Hikes in the Lake District</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lake_District" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lake District">Lake District</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitlakedistrict.com/">Visit Lake District</a> - Official destination visitor website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/">Lake District National Park</a> - Official National Park website</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom">World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a> <ul><li><small>as part of <a href="/wiki/Great_Spa_Towns_of_Europe" title="Great Spa Towns of Europe">Great Spa Towns of Europe</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Abbey" title="St Augustine's Abbey">St Augustine's Abbey</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Canterbury" title="St Martin's Church, Canterbury">St Martin's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_and_West_Devon_Mining_Landscape" title="Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape">Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwent_Valley_Mills" title="Derwent Valley Mills">Derwent Valley Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Castle" title="Durham Castle">Durham Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Durham_Cathedral" title="Durham Cathedral">Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Frontiers of the Roman Empire</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironbridge_Gorge" title="Ironbridge Gorge">Ironbridge Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodrell_Bank_Observatory" title="Jodrell Bank Observatory">Jodrell Bank Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Coast" title="Jurassic Coast">Jurassic Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Royal Botanic Gardens</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lake District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Maritime Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> including <a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s,_Westminster" title="St Margaret's, Westminster">St Margaret's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltaire" title="Saltaire">Saltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge,_Avebury_and_Associated_Sites" title="Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites">Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studley_Royal_Park" title="Studley Royal Park">Studley Royal Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fountains_Abbey" title="Fountains Abbey">Fountains Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stonehenge-Green.jpg/100px-Stonehenge-Green.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stonehenge-Green.jpg/150px-Stonehenge-Green.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stonehenge-Green.jpg/200px-Stonehenge-Green.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="355" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Scotland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Edinburgh" title="Old Town, Edinburgh">Edinburgh Old Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Town,_Edinburgh" title="New Town, Edinburgh">New Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth_Bridge" title="Forth Bridge">Forth Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Frontiers of the Roman Empire</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Neolithic_Orkney" title="Heart of Neolithic Orkney">Heart of Neolithic Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Lanark" title="New Lanark">New Lanark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Scotland" title="St Kilda, Scotland">St Kilda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Wales" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaenavon_Industrial_Landscape" title="Blaenavon Industrial Landscape">Blaenavon Industrial Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castles_and_Town_Walls_of_King_Edward_in_Gwynedd" title="Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd">Castles and Town Walls of King Edward I in Gwynedd</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Beaumaris_Castle" title="Beaumaris Castle">Beaumaris Castle</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Caernarfon_Castle" title="Caernarfon Castle">Caernarfon Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caernarfon_town_walls" title="Caernarfon town walls">Town Walls</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Conwy_Castle" title="Conwy Castle">Conwy Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conwy_town_walls" title="Conwy town walls">Town Walls</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Harlech_Castle" title="Harlech Castle">Harlech Castle</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontcysyllte_Aqueduct" title="Pontcysyllte Aqueduct">Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_industry_in_Wales" title="Slate industry in Wales">The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant%27s_Causeway" title="Giant's Causeway">Giant's Causeway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British Overseas Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorham%27s_Cave" title="Gorham's Cave">Gorham's Cave Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Island" title="Gough Island">Gough Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inaccessible_Island" title="Inaccessible Island">Inaccessible Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson_Island_(Pitcairn_Islands)" title="Henderson Island (Pitcairn Islands)">Henderson Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s,_Bermuda" title="St. George's, Bermuda">Town of St George and Related Fortifications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Former_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites" title="Former UNESCO World Heritage Sites">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Maritime_Mercantile_City" title="Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City">Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#DCF2CF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_parks_in_the_UK" title="Template:National parks in the UK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_parks_in_the_UK" title="Template talk:National parks in the UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_parks_in_the_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National parks in the UK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">National parks of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EBF7E3;"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks of England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peak_District" title="Peak District">Peak District</a> (1951)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lake District</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor" title="Dartmoor">Dartmoor</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_York_Moors" title="North York Moors">North York Moors</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park" title="Yorkshire Dales National Park">Yorkshire Dales</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exmoor" title="Exmoor">Exmoor</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_National_Park" title="Northumberland National Park">Northumberland</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Broads" title="The Broads">The Broads</a>‡ (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forest" title="New Forest">New Forest</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Downs_National_Park" title="South Downs National Park">South Downs</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Pennines_Regional_Park" title="South Pennines Regional Park">South Pennines Regional Park</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EBF7E3;"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mourne_Mountains" title="Mourne Mountains">Mourne Mountains</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EBF7E3;"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Scotland" title="National parks of Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loch_Lomond_and_The_Trossachs_National_Park" title="Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park">Loch Lomond and The Trossachs</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairngorms_National_Park" title="Cairngorms National Park">Cairngorms</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EBF7E3;"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Wales" title="National parks of Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snowdonia" title="Snowdonia">Snowdonia</a> (Eryri; 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembrokeshire_Coast_National_Park" title="Pembrokeshire Coast National Park">Pembrokeshire Coast</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brecon_Beacons_National_Park" title="Brecon Beacons National Park">Brecon Beacons</a> (Bannau Brycheiniog; 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Wales_National_Park" title="North East Wales National Park">North East Wales</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EBF7E3;"><div><i>Parentheses denote year of establishment as a National Park. An area with <b>‡</b> has similar status to a UK National Park. Areas marked <b>†</b> are proposed.</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211778#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211778#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211778#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/244088687">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85074000">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lake District (Anglie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge445273&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550989605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_District&params=54_30_N_3_10_W_region:GB_dim:200000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°10′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.500°N 3.167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.500; -3.167</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&oldid=1259063050#National_Park">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_District&oldid=1259063050#National_Park</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN_Category_V" title="Category:IUCN Category V">IUCN Category V</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lake_District" 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