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window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":108779679,"created_at":"2023-11-01T00:21:49.386-07:00","from_world_paper_id":242753576,"updated_at":"2024-11-24T01:06:21.413-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","grobid_abstract":"The smart active residential buildings play a vital role to realize intelligent energy systems by harnessing energy flexibility from loads and storage units. This is imperative to integrate higher proportions of variable renewable energy generation and implement economically attractive demand-side participation schemes. The purpose of this paper is to develop an energy management scheme for smart sustainable buildings and analyze its efficacy when subjected to variable generation, energy storage management, and flexible demand control. This work estimate the flexibility range that can be reached utilizing deferrable/controllable energy system units such as heat pump (HP) in combination with on-site renewable energy sources (RESs), namely photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbine (WT), and in-house thermal and electric energy storages, namely hot water storage tank (HWST) and electric battery as back up units. A detailed HP model in combination with the storage tank is developed that accounts for thermal comforts and requirements, and defrost mode. Data analytics is applied to generate demand and generation profiles, and a hybrid energy management and a HP control algorithm is developed in this work. This is to integrate all active components of a building within a single complex-set of energy management solution to be able to apply demand response (DR) signals, as well as to execute all necessary computation and evaluation. Different capacity scenarios of the HWST and battery are used to prioritize the maximum use of renewable energy and consumer comfort preferences. A flexibility range of 22.3% is achieved for the scenario with the largest HWST considered without a battery, while 10.1% in the worst-case scenario with the smallest HWST considered and the largest battery. The results show that the active management and scheduling scheme developed to combine and prioritize thermal, electrical and storage units in buildings is essential to be studied to demonstrate the adequacy of sustainable energy buildings.","publication_date":"2019,11,4","publication_name":"Smart cities","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"107078520"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Estimation of Energy Activity and Flexibility Range in Smart Active Residential Building","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [33398241]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":107078521,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Estimation of Energy Activity and Flexibility Range in Smart Active Residential Building”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/107078521/mini_magick20231101-1-dlz8u3.png?1698823388" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Estimation of Energy Activity and Flexibility Range in Smart Active Residential Building</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33398241" href="https://aalto-fi.academia.edu/BirgitteBakjensen"><img alt="Profile image of Birgitte Bak-jensen" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Birgitte Bak-jensen</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019, Smart cities</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">25 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 108779679; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The smart active residential buildings play a vital role to realize intelligent energy systems by harnessing energy flexibility from loads and storage units. This is imperative to integrate higher proportions of variable renewable energy generation and implement economically attractive demand-side participation schemes. The purpose of this paper is to develop an energy management scheme for smart sustainable buildings and analyze its efficacy when subjected to variable generation, energy storage management, and flexible demand control. This work estimate the flexibility range that can be reached utilizing deferrable/controllable energy system units such as heat pump (HP) in combination with on-site renewable energy sources (RESs), namely photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbine (WT), and in-house thermal and electric energy storages, namely hot water storage tank (HWST) and electric battery as back up units. A detailed HP model in combination with the storage tank is developed that accounts for thermal comforts and requirements, and defrost mode. Data analytics is applied to generate demand and generation profiles, and a hybrid energy management and a HP control algorithm is developed in this work. This is to integrate all active components of a building within a single complex-set of energy management solution to be able to apply demand response (DR) signals, as well as to execute all necessary computation and evaluation. Different capacity scenarios of the HWST and battery are used to prioritize the maximum use of renewable energy and consumer comfort preferences. A flexibility range of 22.3% is achieved for the scenario with the largest HWST considered without a battery, while 10.1% in the worst-case scenario with the smallest HWST considered and the largest battery. The results show that the active management and scheduling scheme developed to combine and prioritize thermal, electrical and storage units in buildings is essential to be studied to demonstrate the adequacy of sustainable energy buildings.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":107078521,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/108779679/Estimation_of_Energy_Activity_and_Flexibility_Range_in_Smart_Active_Residential_Building"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":107078521,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/108779679/Estimation_of_Energy_Activity_and_Flexibility_Range_in_Smart_Active_Residential_Building"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Energy flexible buildings with electric heating, smart demand-side management and efficient thermal energy storage are one of the most promising strategies to deploy low-carbon technologies which can benefit the electricity system by reducing the need of reinforcing existing networks and their ability to use electricity in times of low demand and high supply. Combined with spot price contracts, in which the electricity tariff changes every half-hour depending on supply and demand, they can effectively reduce on-peak demand periods, achieve economic profits for end-users and retailers, and reduce the environmental impact of the electricity grid by operating in periods with lower CO2 emissions rate. To achieve these benefits, it is crucial to develop accurate models for energy flexible buildings as well as control strategies to optimise the complex system operation. This paper proposes a novel flexible energy building concept, based on smart control, high density latent heat storage and smart grids, able to predict the best operational strategy according to the environmental conditions, economic rates and expected occupancy patterns. The smart integration model, carried out in TRNSYS for a Scottish case study, solves a multi-criteria assessment based on future energy demand prediction (learning machine model supported by end-user's predefined occupancy by Internet of Things, present and forecast weather data, and building load monitoring), electricity tariff evolution and building performance. The results show that end-user's electricity bill savings of 20% are obtained and retailer's electricity cost is reduced by 25%. In addition, despite an increase in final energy consumption of up to 8%, the environmental impact remains constant due to operation at times with lower CO2 emissions rate of the electricity generation. The developed tools enable the design of smart energy systems for energy flexible buildings which can have a large, positive impact on the building sector decarbonisation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Energy flexible building through smart demand-side management and latent heat storage","attachmentId":73183067,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59078917/Energy_flexible_building_through_smart_demand_side_management_and_latent_heat_storage","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59078917/Energy_flexible_building_through_smart_demand_side_management_and_latent_heat_storage"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="84300853" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84300853/Buildings_energy_flexibility_starting_from_the_ser_to_support_the_Smart_Grid">Buildings' energy flexibility: starting from the ser to support the Smart Grid</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21626104" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KennedyAduda">Kennedy Aduda</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Using the flexibility within energy generation, distribution infrastructure, renewable energy sources and the built environment is the ultimate sustainable strategy within the Built Environment. However, at the moment this flexibility on building level is still to be defined. The new IEA Annex 67 is just starting work to define this specific flexibility. Our research is aimed at developing, implementing and evaluating new process control strategies for improving the energy interaction within the building, its environment and the energy infrastructure by effectively incorporating the occupants’ behaviour. An integral approach based on the Open Building strategy is used which divides the whole system in different la yers from user up to centralized power generation and as a results offers new possibilities for buildings’ energy flexibility towards the Smart Grid.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Buildings' energy flexibility: starting from the ser to support the Smart Grid","attachmentId":89371299,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84300853/Buildings_energy_flexibility_starting_from_the_ser_to_support_the_Smart_Grid","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84300853/Buildings_energy_flexibility_starting_from_the_ser_to_support_the_Smart_Grid"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="57344145" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57344145/Management_and_Activation_of_Energy_Flexibility_at_Building_and_Market_Level_A_Residential_Case_Study">Management and Activation of Energy Flexibility at Building and Market Level: A Residential Case Study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="65844766" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YvesStauffer">Yves Stauffer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Energies</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The electricity sector foresees a significant change in the way energy is generated and distributed in the coming years. With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, smart algorithms can determine the difference about how and when energy is produced or consumed by residential districts. However, managing and implementing energy demand response, in particular energy flexibility activations, in real case studies still presents issues to be solved. This study, within the framework of the European project “SABINA H2020”, addresses the development of a multi-level optimization algorithm that has been tested in a semi-virtual real-time configuration. Results from a two-day test show the potential of building’s flexibility and highlight its complexity. Results show how the first level algorithm goal to reduce the energy injected to the grid is accomplished as well as the energy consumption shift from nighttime to daytime hours. As conclusion, the study demonstrates the feas...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Management and Activation of Energy Flexibility at Building and Market Level: A Residential Case Study","attachmentId":72292107,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57344145/Management_and_Activation_of_Energy_Flexibility_at_Building_and_Market_Level_A_Residential_Case_Study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57344145/Management_and_Activation_of_Energy_Flexibility_at_Building_and_Market_Level_A_Residential_Case_Study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="69753932" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69753932/Quantification_and_Characterization_of_Energy_Flexibility_in_the_Residential_Building_Sector">Quantification and Characterization of Energy Flexibility in the Residential Building Sector</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="69151398" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AdamantiosBampoulas">Adamantios Bampoulas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Demand response can enable residential consumers to take advantage of control signals and/or financial incentives to adjust the use of their resources at strategic times. These resources usually refer to energy consumption, locally distributed electricity generation, and energy storage. The building structural mass has an inherent potential either to modify consumption or to be used as a storage medium. In this paper, the energy flexibility potential of a residential building thermal mass for the winter design day is investigated. Various active demand response strategies are assessed using two flexibility indicators: the storage efficiency and storage capacity. Using simulation, it is shown that the available capacity and efficiency associated with active demand response actions depend on thermostat setpoint modulation, demand response event duration, heating system rated power and current consumption.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Quantification and Characterization of Energy Flexibility in the Residential Building Sector","attachmentId":79727881,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69753932/Quantification_and_Characterization_of_Energy_Flexibility_in_the_Residential_Building_Sector","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69753932/Quantification_and_Characterization_of_Energy_Flexibility_in_the_Residential_Building_Sector"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="99985960" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99985960/Environmental_and_Economic_Impact_of_Demand_Response_Strategies_for_Energy_Flexible_Buildings">Environmental and Economic Impact of Demand Response Strategies for Energy Flexible Buildings</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36454393" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JaumeSalom">Jaume Salom</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The present work develops research to exploit the energy flexibility of buildings through rule-based controls. A novel signal representing the marginal CO2 emissions of the electricity grid is created, and its calculation methodology detailed, so that it can be applied to other energy systems. This signal is used as an input by a rulebased controller acting on the indoor temperature setpoint of a residential building equipped with a heat pump. Through this set-point modulation, the energy use of the heat pump is displaced towards periods of lower CO2 intensity. A similar method is applied with an electricity price signal, and both strategies are compared in terms of energy, CO2 emissions and monetary costs. The two rulebased controls perform in a relatively similar way in the heating season (although with improvements of different amplitudes), while especially the price-based modulation produces adverse effects in the cooling season.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Environmental and Economic Impact of Demand Response Strategies for Energy Flexible Buildings","attachmentId":100930394,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99985960/Environmental_and_Economic_Impact_of_Demand_Response_Strategies_for_Energy_Flexible_Buildings","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99985960/Environmental_and_Economic_Impact_of_Demand_Response_Strategies_for_Energy_Flexible_Buildings"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="55370745" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55370745/An_optimal_energy_management_system_for_a_commercial_building_with_renewable_energy_generation_under_real_time_electricity_prices">An optimal energy management system for a commercial building with renewable energy generation under real-time electricity prices</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32312945" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NsiluluMbungu">Nsilulu Mbungu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sustainable Cities and Society</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An optimal energy management system for a commercial building with renewable energy generation under real-time electricity prices","attachmentId":71271872,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55370745/An_optimal_energy_management_system_for_a_commercial_building_with_renewable_energy_generation_under_real_time_electricity_prices","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/55370745/An_optimal_energy_management_system_for_a_commercial_building_with_renewable_energy_generation_under_real_time_electricity_prices"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="115307512" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115307512/Design_Optimization_of_Energy_Flexibility_for_Residential_Buildings">Design Optimization of Energy Flexibility for Residential Buildings</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="127578301" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FabioPolonara">Fabio Polonara</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of Building Simulation 2019: 16th Conference of IBPSA, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Due to its progressive aging, the need to plan a long-term renovation strategy for the European building stock is increasingly urgent. Furthermore, the growing penetration of discontinuous and non-programmable renewable energy sources asks for an adaptable demand to the supply variability. Thus, the realization of new buildings which are both efficient and energy flexible can be a way to increase reliability and security of the current energy grid. Purpose of this work is to characterize the effect of different buildings renovation strategies on their energy flexibility performance obtained through electric heating energy demand management. The energy flexibility is quantified by means of a single indicator: the Flexibility Performance Indicator. As the Energy Performance Certificate, it is calculated with a standardized procedure. In this work, starting from a low energy performance reference building, the energy flexibility performance obtainable with different energy efficiency interventions is assessed. Eventually the extent of the requested investment combined with the potential electricity costs saving derived from it is evaluated.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Design Optimization of Energy Flexibility for Residential Buildings","attachmentId":111752827,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115307512/Design_Optimization_of_Energy_Flexibility_for_Residential_Buildings","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115307512/Design_Optimization_of_Energy_Flexibility_for_Residential_Buildings"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="91011055" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91011055/Strategic_control_and_cost_optimization_of_thermal_energy_storage_in_buildings_using_EnergyPlus">Strategic control and cost optimization of thermal energy storage in buildings using EnergyPlus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49142695" href="https://usf.academia.edu/ChaturaWickramaratne">Chatura Wickramaratne</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Energy, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An operational strategy to optimize building operating energy costs for suppliers and consumers is an important challenge for electrical power utilities. There are various supply-side measures that utilities have to take to ensure continuous energy supply for building heating and airconditioning. During peak energy demand, utilities are often forced to use more expensive and less efficient generation, thereby increasing the cost of energy. However, some demand-side management practices behind the consumer meter can help in meeting this challenge. One such measure is the use of thermal storage for heating, ventilation, and airconditioning applications in commercial buildings. There is a gap of adequate knowledge of an optimal control strategy of cold storage operation in buildings adapting to applicable time of day tariffs to minimize annual energy use and annual energy cost of operation. There is also a need to use commercially available tools to avoid the use of complex mathematical models. This study demonstrates strategic controls with six operating modes for using thermal energy storage to shift peak electricity demand, using the time of day tariffs as a decision variable, and reducing operating costs, while also minimizing the size of the system. EnergyPlus was used to model a standard reference large office building for three thermal energy storage system cases: mixed chilled water storage, stratified chilled water storage, and ice storage. An annual average shifting of 25-78% of peak electricity was achieved from the simulation results. The strategy was able to achieve an annual 10-17% cost reduction for consumers using the time of use rates available from a local utility.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Strategic control and cost optimization of thermal energy storage in buildings using EnergyPlus","attachmentId":94417366,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91011055/Strategic_control_and_cost_optimization_of_thermal_energy_storage_in_buildings_using_EnergyPlus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91011055/Strategic_control_and_cost_optimization_of_thermal_energy_storage_in_buildings_using_EnergyPlus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="113047404" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/113047404/Dynamic_feasibility_assessment_and_3E_analysis_of_a_smart_building_energy_system_integrated_with_hybrid_photovoltaic_thermal_panels_and_energy_storage">Dynamic feasibility assessment and 3E analysis of a smart building energy system integrated with hybrid photovoltaic-thermal panels and energy storage</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30979380" href="https://tehran.academia.edu/Mehdiashjaee">Mehdi ashjaee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Using combined district generation systems provides many advantages to the buildings, mainly residential, because of its flexibility and higher energy efficiency and also from the emission point of view. In this paper, the demands of a building are modeled in Tehran, Iran, using transient simulation software. A combined heating, cooling, and power generation system based on solar loop (consisting of photovoltaic thermal panels, heat storage system and pumps), power block (consisting of a micro gas turbine), and heating and cooling loop (consisting of a chiller, heat exchangers and radiators) is proposed and studied in a dynamic method. The system is modeled in an exact and smart manner, which includes many controllers in the way of flow to direct the steam following the environmental temperature. Comprehensive modeling is conducted in the TRNSYS package based on energy, exergy, and environmental viewpoints. Results demonstrate that the proposed smart system provides all the buildings' heating, cooling, and power demands in one year. Also, the temperature and radiation illustrations show a high potential of the solar system to be used in the city of the study. The energy system exchanges power with the network and can run the auxiliary equipment's in the CCHP system and provides all the building's power demand. Moreover, the additional annual power of 715.32 kWh can be sold to the grid to compensate for the building's energy costs. Also, the maximum emission and efficiency of 0.12 ton/MWh and 34% are achieved in January and July, respectively. Moreover, the cooling capacity of 4906 kWh demonstrates the enormous potential of double effect chiller in recovering the waste heat.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dynamic feasibility assessment and 3E analysis of a smart building energy system integrated with hybrid photovoltaic-thermal panels and energy storage","attachmentId":110112332,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113047404/Dynamic_feasibility_assessment_and_3E_analysis_of_a_smart_building_energy_system_integrated_with_hybrid_photovoltaic_thermal_panels_and_energy_storage","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/113047404/Dynamic_feasibility_assessment_and_3E_analysis_of_a_smart_building_energy_system_integrated_with_hybrid_photovoltaic_thermal_panels_and_energy_storage"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="94769232" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94769232/Battery_Energy_Storage_Management_for_Smart_Residential_Buildings">Battery Energy Storage Management for Smart Residential Buildings</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33398241" href="https://aalto-fi.academia.edu/BirgitteBakjensen">Birgitte Bak-jensen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The environmental issues caused by conventional and centralized fossil-fuel based power generation has driven the decentralized structure of electricity grid. These grids are dominated by high penetration of variable Renewable Energy Sources (RES) such as a wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) units, which is challenging to the grid operation and control. In that connection, nowadays buildings are also becoming more technologically complex and intelligent due to increasing automation, integration of energy sizable flexible loads (heat pumps, electric vehicles etc.) and local RES units. The energy generated by private residential RES are generally intended for private use but it can also be sold back to the grid based on different operational and electricity market scenarios. To efficiently balance the local energy systems in the residential buildings, maximize the use of RES and financially benefit the prosumers, storage units like Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) plays an important role. This paper aims to analyse the management of such smart sustainable buildings subjected to variable generation and demand scenarios.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Battery Energy Storage Management for Smart Residential Buildings","attachmentId":97135563,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94769232/Battery_Energy_Storage_Management_for_Smart_Residential_Buildings","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94769232/Battery_Energy_Storage_Management_for_Smart_Residential_Buildings"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":107078521,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":107078521,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_107078521" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="117102567" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117102567/Aggregation_of_Energy_Flexibility_of_Commercial_Buildings">Aggregation of Energy Flexibility of Commercial Buildings</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42502941" href="https://independent.academia.edu/killianmurphy">killian murphy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link 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data-entity-id="88459927" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88459927/Analyzing_energy_flexibility_by_demand_response_in_a_Finnish_district_heated_apartment_building">Analyzing energy flexibility by demand response in a Finnish district heated apartment building</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="139299191" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RistoKosonen">Risto Kosonen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">E3S Web of Conferences, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Analyzing energy flexibility by demand response in a Finnish district heated apartment 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