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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Conception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1982–1992:_Launch_and_IBA_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1982–1992:_Launch_and_IBA_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1982–1992: Launch and IBA control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1982–1992:_Launch_and_IBA_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1993–2006:_Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1993–2006:_Channel_Four_Television_Corporation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1993–2006: Channel Four Television Corporation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1993–2006:_Channel_Four_Television_Corporation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Since 2006</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abandoned_privatisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abandoned_privatisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Abandoned privatisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abandoned_privatisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_service_remit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_service_remit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Public service remit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_service_remit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Carriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Funding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Programming</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programming-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programming subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Most_watched_programmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Most_watched_programmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Most watched programmes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Most_watched_programmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comedy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comedy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Comedy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comedy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Factual_and_current_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factual_and_current_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Factual and current affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Factual_and_current_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FourDocs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FourDocs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>FourDocs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FourDocs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools_programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools_programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Schools programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools_programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ITV_Schools_on_Channel_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ITV_Schools_on_Channel_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>ITV Schools on Channel 4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ITV_Schools_on_Channel_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Channel_4_Schools/4Learning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channel_4_Schools/4Learning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.2</span> <span>Channel 4 Schools/4Learning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channel_4_Schools/4Learning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_programmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_programmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Religious programmes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_programmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_warming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_warming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Global warming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_warming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ahmadinejad's_Christmas_speech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ahmadinejad's_Christmas_speech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Ahmadinejad's Christmas speech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ahmadinejad's_Christmas_speech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4Talent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4Talent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>4Talent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4Talent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-4Talent_Magazine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4Talent_Magazine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10.1</span> <span><i>4Talent Magazine</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4Talent_Magazine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scheduling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scheduling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>Scheduling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scheduling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Presentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions/international" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions/international"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Regions/international</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regions/international-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regions/international subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regions/international-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>International</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_possibility_of_regional_news" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_possibility_of_regional_news"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Future possibility of regional news</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_possibility_of_regional_news-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Channel_4_HD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channel_4_HD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Channel 4 HD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channel_4_HD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_on_demand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_on_demand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Video on demand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_on_demand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teletext_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teletext_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Teletext services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Teletext_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Teletext services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Teletext_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-4-Tel/FourText" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4-Tel/FourText"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>4-Tel/FourText</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4-Tel/FourText-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teletext_on_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teletext_on_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Teletext on 4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teletext_on_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Awards and nominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Channel 4</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="القناة الرابعة البريطانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القناة الرابعة البريطانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A7%AA" title="চ্যানেল ৪ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চ্যানেল ৪" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8A%D0%BB_4" title="Чанъл 4 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чанъл 4" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%DB%B4_(%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="کانال ۴ (بریتانیا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانال ۴ (بریتانیا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B1%84%EB%84%90_4" title="채널 4 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="채널 4" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2_4" title="चैनल 4 – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चैनल 4" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A5_4" title="ערוץ 4 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ערוץ 4" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB4" title="チャンネル4 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャンネル4" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_4" title="சேனல் 4 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சேனல் 4" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แชนแนลโฟร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แชนแนลโฟร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%84_4" title="چینل 4 – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چینل 4" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Channel 4" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%8F%B0_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="第四台 (英國) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第四台 (英國)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British free-to-air television channel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the UK television channel. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Channel 4 (disambiguation)">Channel 4 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Fourscore" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Four_Score_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Four Score (disambiguation)">Four Score</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Television channel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250536050">.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-availability .infobox-header{background-color:#bfdfff;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{font-size:100%;background-color:#bfdfff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-availability .infobox-header,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-availability .infobox-header,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-tv-channel"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Channel 4</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="ib-tv-channel-logo" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Channel_4_(On_Demand)_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/Channel_4_%28On_Demand%29_2023.svg/150px-Channel_4_%28On_Demand%29_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/Channel_4_%28On_Demand%29_2023.svg/225px-Channel_4_%28On_Demand%29_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/Channel_4_%28On_Demand%29_2023.svg/300px-Channel_4_%28On_Demand%29_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="367" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Green version of the 2022 logo, used since 2023</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Broadcast area</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/124_Horseferry_Road" title="124 Horseferry Road">124 Horseferry Road</a>, London, England</li><li><a href="/wiki/Majestic,_Leeds" title="Majestic, Leeds">Majestic</a>, Leeds, England</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Programming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data category">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Picture format</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i</a>/<a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a> <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (downscaled to <a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a> for the <a href="/wiki/SDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="SDTV">SDTV</a> feed)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Timeshift_channel" title="Timeshift channel">Timeshift</a> service</th><td class="infobox-data">Channel 4 +1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Ownership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sister channels</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/4seven" title="4seven">4seven</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/E4_Extra" title="E4 Extra">E4 Extra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">2 November 1982<span class="noprint">; 42 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1982-11-02</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/">channel4.com</a></span></td></tr><tr class="ib-tv-channel-availability"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Availability</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: #202122;">Terrestrial</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Channel 4 (SD; 7 in Wales)</li> <li>Channel 15 (+1)</li> <li>Channel 104 (HD; 110 in Wales)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: #202122;"><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming media</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(VoD_service)" title="Channel 4 (VoD service)">Channel 4</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/now/c4">Watch live</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/TVPlayer" title="TVPlayer">TVPlayer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvplayer.com/watch/channel4">Watch live</a> (UK only)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sky_Go" title="Sky Go">Sky Go</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://go.sky.com/">Watch live</a> (UK and Ireland only)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Virgin TV Anywhere</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anywhere.virginmedia.com/channels/live/channel-4/">Watch live</a> (UK only)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anywhere.virginmedia.com/channels/live/channel-4-plus1/">Watch live</a> (+1, UK only)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel 4</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Channel_4_(On_Demand)_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/Channel_4_%28On_Demand%29_2023.svg/100px-Channel_4_%28On_Demand%29_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/Channel_4_%28On_Demand%29_2023.svg/150px-Channel_4_%28On_Demand%29_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/Channel_4_%28On_Demand%29_2023.svg/200px-Channel_4_%28On_Demand%29_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="367" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Channel 4 Logo</div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Television channels</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Channel 4</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Channel_4_television_programmes" title="List of Channel 4 television programmes">Programmes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4seven" title="4seven">4seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E4_Extra" title="E4 Extra">E4 Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Former channels</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4Music" title="4Music">4Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Box_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="The Box (British and Irish TV channel)">The Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_Hits" title="Box Hits">Box Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_Upfront" title="Box Upfront">Box Upfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hits" title="The Hits">The Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!_TV" title="Kerrang! TV">Kerrang! TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_TV" title="Kiss TV">Kiss TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(TV_channel)" title="Magic (TV channel)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_TV" title="Q TV">Q TV</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Online services</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(VoD_service)" title="Channel 4 (VoD service)">Channel 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Presents" title="Walter Presents">Walter Presents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation#Channel4.com" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel4.com</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Box_Plus_Network" title="The Box Plus Network">The Box Plus Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_Radio" title="Channel 4 Radio">Channel 4 Radio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4_Digital_Group" title="4 Digital Group">4 Digital Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film4_Productions" title="Film4 Productions">Film4 Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Schools" title="ITV Schools">ITV Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">UKIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Channel_4" title="Timeline of Channel 4">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_sport_on_Channel_4" title="Timeline of sport on Channel 4">Sport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_idents_and_presentation" title="Channel 4 idents and presentation">Channel 4 idents and presentation</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Channel_4" title="Category:Channel 4">Category</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Template:Channel Four Television Corporation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Template talk:Channel Four Television Corporation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Channel Four Television Corporation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Channel 4</b> is a British <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcast" class="mw-redirect" title="Public broadcast">public broadcast</a> television channel owned and operated by <a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a>. It is <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">publicly owned</a> but, unlike the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, it receives no <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">public funding</a> and is funded entirely by its commercial activities, including <a href="/wiki/Television_advertisement" title="Television advertisement">advertising</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It began its transmission in 1982 and was established to provide a fourth television service in the United Kingdom. At the time, the only other channels were the <a href="/wiki/Television_licence" title="Television licence">licence</a>-funded <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC1</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC2</a>, and a single commercial broadcasting network, <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>. </p><p>Originally a subsidiary of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">Independent Broadcasting Authority</a> (IBA),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the station is now owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation, a public corporation of the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was established in 1990 and came into operation in 1993. Until 2010, Channel 4 did not broadcast in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, but many of its programmes were re-broadcast there by the Welsh fourth channel <a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a>. In 2010, Channel 4 extended service into Wales and became a nationwide television channel. The network's headquarters are in London and <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, with creative hubs in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Channel_4" title="Timeline of Channel 4">Timeline of Channel 4</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conception">Conception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fourth_UK_television_service" title="Fourth UK television service">Fourth UK television service</a></div> <p>Before Channel 4 and S4C, Britain had three terrestrial television services: <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC1</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>, with BBC2 the last to launch in 1964. The <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Act_1980" title="Broadcasting Act 1980">Broadcasting Act 1980</a> began the process of adding a fourth; Channel 4 was formally created, along with its <a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">Welsh counterpart</a>, by an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament (UK)">act of Parliament</a> in 1982. </p><p>The notion of a second commercial broadcaster in the United Kingdom had been around since the inception of ITV in 1954 and its subsequent launch in 1955; the idea of an "ITV2" was long expected and pushed for. Indeed, television sets sold throughout the 1970s and early 1980s often had a spare tuning button labelled "ITV 2" or "IBA 2". Throughout <a href="/wiki/History_of_ITV" title="History of ITV">ITV's history</a> and until Channel 4 finally became a reality, a perennial dialogue existed between the <a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office" title="General Post Office">GPO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">the government</a>, the ITV companies and other interested parties, concerning the form such an expansion of commercial broadcasting would take. Most likely, politics had the biggest impact leading to a delay of almost three decades before the second commercial channel became a reality.<sup id="cite_ref-tbsseefour_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tbsseefour-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One benefit of the late arrival of the channel was that its frequency allocations at each transmitter had already been arranged in the early 1960s when the launch of an "ITV2" was anticipated.<sup id="cite_ref-tbsseefour_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tbsseefour-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to good coverage across most of the country and few problems of interference with other UK-based transmissions; a stark contrast to the difficulties associated with <a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">Channel 5</a>'s launch almost 15 years later.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wales">Wales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a></div> <p>At the time the fourth service was being considered, a movement in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> lobbied for the creation of dedicated service that would air <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh language</a> programmes, then only catered for at off-peak times on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Wales">BBC Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Wales_%26_West" title="ITV Wales & West">HTV</a>. The campaign was taken so seriously by <a href="/wiki/Gwynfor_Evans" title="Gwynfor Evans">Gwynfor Evans</a>, former president of <a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a>, that he threatened the government with a hunger strike were it not to honour the plans.<sup id="cite_ref-seefour_wales_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seefour_wales-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The result was that Channel 4 as seen by the rest of the United Kingdom would be replaced in Wales by <a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a> (Sianel Pedwar Cymru, meaning "Channel Four Wales" in Welsh). Operated by <a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">a specially created authority</a>, S4C would air programmes in Welsh made by HTV, the BBC and independent companies. Initially, limited frequency space meant that Channel 4 could not be broadcast alongside S4C, though some Channel 4 programmes would be aired at less popular times on the Welsh variant; this practice continued until the closure of S4C's analogue transmissions in 2010, at which time S4C became a fully Welsh channel. With this conversion of the <a href="/wiki/Wenvoe_transmitting_station" title="Wenvoe transmitting station">Wenvoe</a> transmitter group in Wales to digital terrestrial broadcasting on 31 March 2010, Channel 4 became a nationwide television channel for the first time. </p><p>Since then, carriage on digital <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital terrestrial">digital terrestrial</a> has introduced Channel 4 to Welsh homes where it is now universally available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1982–1992:_Launch_and_IBA_control"><span id="1982.E2.80.931992:_Launch_and_IBA_control"></span>1982–1992: Launch and IBA control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1982–1992: Launch and IBA control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After some months of test broadcasts, the new broadcaster began scheduled transmissions on 2 November 1982 from Scala House, the former site of the <a href="/wiki/Scala_Theatre" title="Scala Theatre">Scala Theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its initial broadcasts reached 87% of the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-varhist_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varhist-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first voice heard on Channel 4's opening day of 2 November 1982 was that of <a href="/wiki/Continuity_announcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuity announcer">continuity announcer</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Coia" title="Paul Coia">Paul Coia</a> who said: "Good afternoon. It's a pleasure to be able to say to you, welcome to Channel Four."<sup id="cite_ref-RTC42012_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RTC42012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the announcement, the channel played a montage of clips from its programmes set to the station's signature tune, "Fourscore", written by <a href="/wiki/David_Dundas_(musician)" title="David Dundas (musician)">David Dundas</a>, which would form the basis of the station's jingles for its first decade. The first programme to air on the channel was the teatime game show <i><a href="/wiki/Countdown_(game_show)" title="Countdown (game show)">Countdown</a></i>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkshire Television">Yorkshire Television</a>, at 16:45. The first person to be seen on Channel 4 was <a href="/wiki/Richard_Whiteley" title="Richard Whiteley">Richard Whiteley</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Ted_Moult" title="Ted Moult">Ted Moult</a> being the second. The first woman on the channel, contrary to popular belief, was not Whiteley's <i>Countdown</i> co-host <a href="/wiki/Carol_Vorderman" title="Carol Vorderman">Carol Vorderman</a>, but a lexicographer only ever identified as Mary. Whiteley opened the show with the words: "As the countdown to a brand new channel ends, a brand new countdown begins."<sup id="cite_ref-RTC42012_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RTC42012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On its first day, Channel 4 also broadcast the soap opera <i><a href="/wiki/Brookside_(TV_series)" title="Brookside (TV series)">Brookside</a></i>, which often ran storylines thought to be controversial; this ran until 2003. </p><p>After three days, ITV chiefs called for founding chief executive <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Isaacs" title="Jeremy Isaacs">Jeremy Isaacs</a> to resign due to poor ratings. Critics called it "Channel Bore" and "Channel Snore".<sup id="cite_ref-varhist_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varhist-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At its launch, Channel 4 committed itself to providing an alternative to the existing channels, an agenda in part set out by its remit which required the provision of programming to minority groups. In step with its remit, the channel became well received both by minority groups and the arts and cultural worlds during this period under Isaacs, during which the channel gained a reputation for programmes on the contemporary arts. Two programmes captured awards from the <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Press_Guild" title="Broadcasting Press Guild">Broadcasting Press Guild</a> in March 1983: best comedy for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Comic_Strip" title="The Comic Strip">The Comic Strip Presents</a>…Five Go Mad in Dorset,</i> and best on-screen performance in a non-acting role for <a href="/wiki/Tom_Keating" title="Tom Keating">Tom Keating</a> in his series <i>On Painters</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Channel 4 co-commissioned <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ashley" title="Robert Ashley">Robert Ashley</a>'s television opera <i><a href="/wiki/Perfect_Lives" title="Perfect Lives">Perfect Lives</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which it premiered over several episodes in 1984. The channel often did not receive mass audiences for much of this period, as might be expected for a station focusing on minority interests. During this time, Channel 4 also began the funding of independent films, such as the <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Ivory" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant Ivory">Merchant Ivory</a> docudrama <i><a href="/wiki/The_Courtesans_of_Bombay" title="The Courtesans of Bombay">The Courtesans of Bombay</a></i>. </p><p>In 1987, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> replaced <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Dell" title="Edmund Dell">Edmund Dell</a> as chairman. In 1988, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Grade" title="Michael Grade">Michael Grade</a> became CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-varhist_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varhist-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992, Channel 4 faced its first libel case which was brought by <a href="/wiki/Jani_Allan" title="Jani Allan">Jani Allan</a>, a South African journalist, who objected to her representation in <a href="/wiki/Nick_Broomfield" title="Nick Broomfield">Nick Broomfield</a>'s documentary <i><a href="/wiki/The_Leader,_His_Driver_and_the_Driver%27s_Wife" title="The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife">The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1993–2006:_Channel_Four_Television_Corporation"><span id="1993.E2.80.932006:_Channel_Four_Television_Corporation"></span>1993–2006: Channel Four Television Corporation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1993–2006: Channel Four Television Corporation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Multi_coloured_4,_124_Horseferry_Road,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Multi_coloured_4%2C_124_Horseferry_Road%2C_London.jpg/220px-Multi_coloured_4%2C_124_Horseferry_Road%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Multi_coloured_4%2C_124_Horseferry_Road%2C_London.jpg/330px-Multi_coloured_4%2C_124_Horseferry_Road%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Multi_coloured_4%2C_124_Horseferry_Road%2C_London.jpg/440px-Multi_coloured_4%2C_124_Horseferry_Road%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption>Channel 4 headquarters, <a href="/wiki/124_Horseferry_Road" title="124 Horseferry Road">124 Horseferry Road</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <p>After control of the station passed from the Channel Four Television Company to the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a> in 1993, a shift in broadcasting style took place. Instead of aiming for minority tastes, it began to focus on the edges of the mainstream, and the centre of the mass market itself.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It began to show many American programmes in peak viewing time, far more than it had previously done. </p><p>In September 1993, the channel broadcast the direct-to-TV documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_Citizen_Kane" title="Beyond Citizen Kane">Beyond Citizen Kane</a></i>, in which it displayed the dominant position of the Rede Globo (now <a href="/wiki/TV_Globo" title="TV Globo">TV Globo</a>) television network, and discussed its influence, power, and political connections in Brazil. </p><p>Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Channel 4 gave many popular and influential American comedy and drama series their first exposure on British television, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Friends" title="Friends">Friends</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cheers" title="Cheers">Cheers</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Will_%26_Grace" title="Will & Grace">Will & Grace</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/NYPD_Blue" title="NYPD Blue">NYPD Blue</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/ER_(TV_series)" title="ER (TV series)">ER</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Desperate_Housewives" title="Desperate Housewives">Desperate Housewives</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Homicide:_Life_on_the_Street" title="Homicide: Life on the Street">Homicide: Life on the Street</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Without_a_Trace" title="Without a Trace">Without A Trace</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Home_Improvement_(TV_series)" title="Home Improvement (TV series)">Home Improvement</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Frasier" title="Frasier">Frasier</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Lost_(2004_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost (2004 TV series)"><i>Lost</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nip/Tuck" title="Nip/Tuck">Nip/Tuck</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ally_McBeal" title="Ally McBeal">Ally McBeal</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dawson%27s_Creek" title="Dawson's Creek">Dawson's Creek</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Oz_(TV_series)" title="Oz (TV series)">Oz</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_City" title="Sex and the City">Sex and The City</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sopranos" title="The Sopranos">The Sopranos</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Scrubs_(TV_series)" title="Scrubs (TV series)">Scrubs</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Hill" title="King of the Hill">King of The Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stargate_SG-1" title="Stargate SG-1">Stargate SG-1</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Enterprise" title="Star Trek: Enterprise">Star Trek: Enterprise</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(TV_series)" title="Andromeda (TV series)">Andromeda</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Family_Guy" title="Family Guy">Family Guy</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a></i>. </p><p>In the early 2000s, Channel 4 began broadcasting reality formats such as <i><a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(British_TV_series)" title="Big Brother (British TV series)">Big Brother</a></i> and obtained the rights to broadcast mass appeal sporting events like <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a>. This new direction increased ratings and revenues. The popularity of <i>Big Brother</i> led to the launches of other, shorter-lived new reality shows to chase the populist audience, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Salon_(TV_series)" title="The Salon (TV series)">The Salon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shattered_(British_TV_series)" title="Shattered (British TV series)">Shattered</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Cadets_(TV_series)" title="Space Cadets (TV series)">Space Cadets</a></i>. </p><p>In addition, the corporation launched several new television channels through its new <a href="/wiki/4Ventures" class="mw-redirect" title="4Ventures">4Ventures</a> offshoot, including <a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a>, <a href="/wiki/At_the_Races" class="mw-redirect" title="At the Races">At the Races</a>, <a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a> and <a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a>. </p><p>Partially in reaction to its new "populist" direction, the <a href="/wiki/Communications_Act_2003" title="Communications Act 2003">Communications Act 2003</a> directed the channel to demonstrate innovation, experimentation, and creativity, appeal to the tastes and interests of a culturally diverse society, and include programmes of an educational nature which exhibit a distinctive character.<sup id="cite_ref-overview_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overview-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 December 2004, Channel 4 launched a new <a href="/wiki/Station_identification" title="Station identification">visual identity</a> in which the logo is disguised as different objects and the "4" can be seen from an angle. </p><p>Under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Andy_Duncan_(businessman)" title="Andy Duncan (businessman)">Andy Duncan</a>, 2005 saw a change of direction for Channel 4's digital channels. The company made E4 <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> on <a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">digital terrestrial television</a>, and launched a new free-to-air digital channel called <a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a>. By October, Channel 4 had joined the Freeview consortium.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By July 2006, Film4 had likewise become free-to-air and restarted broadcasting on digital terrestrial.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Venturing into radio broadcasting, 2005 saw Channel 4 purchase 51% of shares in the now defunct <a href="/wiki/Oneword" title="Oneword">Oneword</a> radio station, with UBC Media holding on to the remaining shares. New programmes such as the weekly, half-hour <i>The Morning Report</i> news programme were among some of the new content Channel 4 provided for the station, with the name <a href="#4radio">4Radio</a> being used. As of early 2009, however, Channel 4's future involvement in radio remained uncertain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_2006">Since 2006</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Since 2006"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Majestic_(Channel_4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Majestic_%28Channel_4%29.jpg/220px-The_Majestic_%28Channel_4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Majestic_%28Channel_4%29.jpg/330px-The_Majestic_%28Channel_4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Majestic_%28Channel_4%29.jpg/440px-The_Majestic_%28Channel_4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2431" data-file-height="1945" /></a><figcaption>In 2020, Channel 4 opened a new national headquarters in the redeveloped <a href="/wiki/Majestic,_Leeds" title="Majestic, Leeds">Majestic Building</a> on <a href="/wiki/City_Square,_Leeds" title="City Square, Leeds">City Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Before <a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">the digital switchover</a>, Channel 4 raised concerns over how it might finance its public service obligations afterward. In April 2006, it was announced that Channel 4's digital switch-over costs would be paid for by licence fee revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2007, Channel 4 paid £28<span class="nowrap"> </span>million for a 50% stake in the TV business of British media company <a href="/wiki/EMAP" class="mw-redirect" title="EMAP">EMAP</a>, which had seven music video channels.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 August 2008, <a href="/wiki/4Music" title="4Music">4Music</a> was launched across the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Channel 4 announced interest in launching a high-definition version of Film4 on Freeview, to coincide with the launch of Channel 4 HD,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the fourth HD slot was given to Channel 5 instead.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 November 2007, the station celebrated its 25th birthday. It showed the first episode of <i>Countdown</i>, an anniversary <i>Countdown</i> special, as well as <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Fat_Quiz_of_the_Year#The_Big_Fat_Anniversary_Quiz" title="The Big Fat Quiz of the Year">a special edition of <i>The Big Fat Quiz</i></a> . It use the original multicoloured 1982–1996 blocks logo on presentation, and idents using the Fourscore jingle throughout the day. </p><p>In November 2009, Channel 4 launched a week of <a href="/wiki/3D_television" title="3D television">3D television</a>, broadcasting selected programmes each night using <a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">stereoscopic</a> <a href="/wiki/ColorCode_3D" class="mw-redirect" title="ColorCode 3D">ColorCode 3D</a> technology. The accompanying 3D glasses were distributed through <a href="/wiki/Sainsbury%27s" title="Sainsbury's">Sainsbury's</a> supermarkets.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 September 2015, Channel 4 revamped its presentation for a fifth time; the new branding downplayed the "4" logo from most on-air usage, in favour of using the shapes from the logo in various forms. Four new idents were filmed by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Glazer" title="Jonathan Glazer">Jonathan Glazer</a>, which featured the shapes in various real-world scenes depicting the "discovery" and "origins" of the shapes. The full logo was still occasionally used, but primarily for off-air marketing. Channel 4 also commissioned two new corporate typefaces, "Chadwick", and "Horseferry" (a variation of Chadwick with the aforementioned shapes incorporated into its letter forms), for use across promotional material and on-air.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2017, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Alex_Mahon" title="Alex Mahon">Alex Mahon</a> would be the next chief executive, and would take over from <a href="/wiki/David_Abraham_(executive)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Abraham (executive)">David Abraham</a>, who left in November 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 October 2017, Channel 4 introduced a new series of idents continuing the theme, this time depicting the logo shapes as having formed into an <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropomorphic">anthropomorphic</a> "giant" character.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 September 2021, Channel 4 and several of its sub-channels went off air after an incident at <a href="/wiki/Red_Bee_Media" title="Red Bee Media">Red Bee Media's</a> playout centre in west London. Channel 4, <a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a>, <a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a>, <a href="/wiki/4Music" title="4Music">4Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Box_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Box (British TV channel)">The Box</a>, <a href="/wiki/Box_Hits" title="Box Hits">Box Hits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiss_TV" title="Kiss TV">Kiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magic_(TV_channel)" title="Magic (TV channel)">Magic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerrang!_TV" title="Kerrang! TV">Kerrang!</a> stopped transmitting, but <a href="/wiki/4seven" title="4seven">4seven</a> was not impacted. The incident still affected a number of the channels by 30 September.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade" title="London Fire Brigade">London Fire Brigade</a> confirmed that a gas fire prevention system at the site had been activated, but firefighters found no sign of fire. Activation of the fire suppression system caused catastrophic damage to some systems, such as Channel 4's subtitles, signing, and audio description system. An emergency backup subtitling system also failed, leaving Channel 4 unable to provide access services to viewers. This situation was criticised by the National Deaf Children's Society, which complained to the broadcasting watchdog.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new subtitling, signing and audio description system had to be built from scratch.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The service eventually began to return at the end of October.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2022 after a six-month long investigation, Ofcom found that Channel 4 had breached its broadcast licence conditions on two grounds: Missing its subtitles quota on Freesat for 2021 and failure to effectively communicate with affected audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 December 2021, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Snow_(journalist)" title="Jon Snow (journalist)">Jon Snow</a> presented <i>Channel 4 News</i> for the last time, after 32 years as a main presenter on the programme, making Snow one of the UK's longest-serving presenters on a national news programme.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abandoned_privatisation">Abandoned privatisation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Abandoned privatisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Channel 4's parent company, <a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a>, was considered for privatisation by the governments of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mance_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mance-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Cameron-Clegg_coalition_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameron-Clegg coalition government">Cameron-Clegg coalition government</a> drew up proposals to privatise the corporation but the sale was blocked by the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrat</a> Business Secretary <a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Vince Cable</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, the future of the channel was again being looked into by the government, with analysts suggesting several options for its future.<sup id="cite_ref-Mance_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mance-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2021, the government of <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> was considering selling the channel.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2022, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport acknowledged that ministerial discussions were taking place regarding the sale of Channel Four Television Corporation. The channel's chief executive, Alex Mahon, expressed disappointment at this, saying that its vision for the future was "rooted in continued public ownership".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2023, <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Donelan" title="Michelle Donelan">Michelle Donelan</a> confirmed that the plans to sell Channel 4 were scrapped and that it would remain in public ownership for the foreseeable future.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_service_remit">Public service remit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Public service remit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Channel 4 was established with, and continues to hold, a remit of public service obligations which it must fulfil. The remit changes periodically, as dictated by various broadcasting and communications acts, and is regulated by the various authorities Channel 4 has been answerable to; originally the IBA, then the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Commission" title="Independent Television Commission">ITC</a> and now <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a>. </p><p>The preamble of the remit as per the <a href="/wiki/Communications_Act_2003" title="Communications Act 2003">Communications Act 2003</a> states that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>The public service remit for Channel 4 is the provision of a broad range of high quality and diverse programming which, in particular: </p> <ul><li>demonstrates innovation, experiment and creativity in the form and content of programmes;</li> <li>appeals to the tastes and interests of a culturally diverse society;</li> <li>makes a significant contribution to meeting the need for the licensed public service channels to include programmes of an educational nature and other programmes of educative value; and</li> <li>exhibits a distinctive character.<sup id="cite_ref-overview_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overview-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-licence_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-licence-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </blockquote> <p>The remit also involves an obligation to provide programming for schools,<sup id="cite_ref-schools_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schools-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a substantial amount of programming produced outside of <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carriage">Carriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Carriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Channel 4 was carried from its beginning on analogue terrestrial, the standard means of television broadcast in the United Kingdom. It continued to be broadcast through these means until the changeover to <a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom</a> was complete. Since 1998, it has been universally available on digital terrestrial, and the <a href="/wiki/Sky_(UK_%26_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky (UK & Ireland)">Sky</a> platform (initially encrypted, though encryption was dropped on 14 April 2008 and is now free of charge and available on the <a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a> platform) as well as having been available from various times in various areas, on analogue and digital cable networks. </p><p>Due to its special status as a public service broadcaster with a specific remit, it is afforded free carriage on the terrestrial platforms,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in contrast with other broadcasters such as ITV.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Channel 4 is available outside the United Kingdom; it is widely available in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The channel is registered to broadcast within the European Union/EEA through the Luxembourg Broadcasting Regulator (ALIA).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2019, it has been offered by <a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Broadcasting_Service" title="British Forces Broadcasting Service">British Forces Broadcasting Service</a> (BFBS) to members of the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a> and their families around the world, <a href="/wiki/Forces_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Forces TV">BFBS Extra</a> having previously carried a selection of Channel 4 programmes.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Channel 4 website allows people in the United Kingdom to watch Channel 4 live. Previously, some programmes (mostly international imports) were not shown. Channel 4 is also provided by <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile" title="Virgin Mobile">Virgin Mobile</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB</a> mobile TV service, which has the same restrictions as the Internet live stream. Channel 4 is also carried by the Internet TV service <a href="/wiki/TVCatchup" title="TVCatchup">TVCatchup</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was previously carried by <a href="/wiki/Zattoo" title="Zattoo">Zattoo</a> until the operator removed the channel from its platform.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Channel 4 also makes some of its programming available "on demand" via cable and the internet through the <a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(VoD_service)" title="Channel 4 (VoD service)">Channel 4</a> VoD service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding">Funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During its first decade, Channel 4 was funded by subscriptions collected by the IBA from the ITV regional companies, in return for which each company had the right to sell advertisements on the fourth channel in its own region and keep the proceeds.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This meant that ITV and Channel 4 were not in competition with each other, and often promoted each other's programmes. </p><p>A change in funding came about under the <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Act_1990" title="Broadcasting Act 1990">Broadcasting Act 1990</a> when the new corporation was afforded the ability to fund itself. Originally this arrangement left a "safety net" guaranteed minimum income should the revenue fall too low, funded by large insurance payments made to the ITV companies. Such a subsidy was never required, however, and these premiums were phased out by the government in 1998. After the link with ITV was cut, the cross-promotion which had existed between ITV and Channel 4 also ended. </p><p>In 2007, owing to severe funding difficulties, the channel sought government help and was granted a payment of £14 million over a six-year period. The money was to have come from the television licence fee, and would have been the first time that money from the licence fee had been given to any broadcaster other than the BBC.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the plan was scrapped by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport">Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Burnham" title="Andy Burnham">Andy Burnham</a>, ahead of "broader decisions about the future framework of public service broadcasting".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The broadcasting regulator <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> released its review in January 2009 in which it suggested that Channel 4 would preferably be funded by "partnerships, joint ventures or mergers".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it breaks even in much the same way as most privately run commercial stations through the sale of on-air advertising, programme sponsorship, and the sale of any programme content and merchandising rights it owns, such as overseas broadcasting rights and domestic video sales. For example, as of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> its total revenues were £925 million with 91% derived from sale of advertising.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also has the ability to subsidise the main network through any profits made on the corporation's other endeavours, which have in the past included subscription fees from stations such as <a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a> and Film4 (now no longer subscription services) and its "video-on-demand" sales. In practice, however, these other activities are loss-making, and are subsidised by the main network. According to Channel 4's published accounts, for 2005 the extent of this cross-subsidy was some £30 million.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming">Programming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Channel_4_television_programmes" title="List of Channel 4 television programmes">List of Channel 4 television programmes</a></div> <p>Channel 4 is a "publisher-broadcaster", meaning that it commissions or "buys" all of its programming from companies independent of itself. It was the first UK broadcaster to do so on a significant scale; such commissioning is a stipulation which is included in its licence to broadcast.<sup id="cite_ref-schools_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schools-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In consequence, numerous independent production companies emerged, though external commissioning on the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and in ITV (where a quota of 25% minimum of total output has been imposed since the <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Act_1990" title="Broadcasting Act 1990">Broadcasting Act 1990</a> came into force) has become regular practice, as well as on the numerous stations that launched later. Although it was the first British broadcaster to commission all of its programmes from third parties, Channel 4 was the last terrestrial broadcaster to outsource its transmission and playout operations (to <a href="/wiki/Red_Bee_Media" title="Red Bee Media">Red Bee Media</a>), after 25 years in-house.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The requirement to obtain all content externally is stipulated in its licence.<sup id="cite_ref-licence_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-licence-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Channel 4 also began a trend of owning the copyright and distribution rights of the programmes it aired, in a manner that is similar to the major Hollywood studios' ownership of television programmes that they did not directly produce.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Thus, although Channel 4 does not produce programmes, many are seen as belonging to it. </p><p>It was established with a specific intention of providing programming to groups of minority interests, not catered for by its competitors, which at the time were only the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tbsseefour_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tbsseefour-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Channel 4 also pioneered the concept of 'stranded programming', where seasons of programmes following a common theme would be aired and promoted together. Some would be very specific, and run for a fixed period of time; the <i><a href="/wiki/4_Mation" class="mw-redirect" title="4 Mation">4 Mation</a></i> season, for example, showed innovative animation. Other, less specific strands, were (and still are) run regularly, such as <i><a href="/wiki/T4_(Channel_4)" title="T4 (Channel 4)">T4</a></i>, a strand of programming aimed at teenagers, on weekend mornings (and weekdays during school/college holidays); <i>Friday Night Comedy</i>, a slot where the channel would pioneer its style of comedy commissions, <i>4Music</i> (now a separate channel) and <i>4Later</i>, an eclectic collection of offbeat programmes transmitted in the early hours of the morning. </p><p>For a period in the mid-1980s, some sexually explicit <a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">arthouse</a> films would be screened with a <i><a href="/wiki/Red_triangle_(Channel_4)" title="Red triangle (Channel 4)">red triangle</a></i> graphic in the upper right of the screen. </p><p>In recent years concerns have arisen regarding a number of programmes made for Channel 4, that are believed missing from all known archives.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Most_watched_programmes">Most watched programmes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Most watched programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a list of the 10 most watched shows on Channel 4 since launch, based on Live +28 data supplied by <a href="/wiki/BARB" class="mw-redirect" title="BARB">BARB</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and archival data published by Channel 4.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Programme or film</th> <th>Viewers (millions)</th> <th>Date </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_of_Substance_(TV_series)" title="A Woman of Substance (TV series)">A Woman of Substance</a></i></td> <td>13.85</td> <td>4 January 1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(British_TV_series)" title="Big Brother (British TV series)">Big Brother</a></i></td> <td>13.74</td> <td>27 July 2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_of_Substance_(TV_series)" title="A Woman of Substance (TV series)">A Woman of Substance</a></i></td> <td>13.20</td> <td>3 January 1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Four_Weddings_and_a_Funeral" title="Four Weddings and a Funeral">Four Weddings and a Funeral</a></i></td> <td>12.40</td> <td>15 November 1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_of_Substance_(TV_series)" title="A Woman of Substance (TV series)">A Woman of Substance</a></i></td> <td>11.55</td> <td>2 January 1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_British_Bake_Off" title="The Great British Bake Off">The Great British Bake Off</a></i></td> <td>11.21</td> <td>22 September 2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Gregory%27s_Girl" title="Gregory's Girl">Gregory's Girl</a></i></td> <td>10.75</td> <td>8 January 1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_British_Bake_Off" title="The Great British Bake Off">The Great British Bake Off</a></i></td> <td>10.54</td> <td>30 October 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_British_Bake_Off" title="The Great British Bake Off">The Great British Bake Off</a></i></td> <td>10.13</td> <td>31 October 2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_British_Bake_Off" title="The Great British Bake Off">The Great British Bake Off</a></i></td> <td>10.03</td> <td>27 August 2019 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comedy">Comedy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Comedy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the station's early days, the screenings of innovative short one-off <a href="/wiki/Comedy_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedy films">comedy films</a> produced by a rotating line-up of alternative comedians went under the title of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Comic_Strip_Presents" class="mw-redirect" title="The Comic Strip Presents">The Comic Strip Presents</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Optimist_(TV_series)" title="The Optimist (TV series)">The Optimist</a></i> was the world's first dialogue-free television comedy, and one of the channel's earliest commissioned programs. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tube_(1982_TV_series)" title="The Tube (1982 TV series)">The Tube</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Live_(British_TV_programme)" title="Saturday Live (British TV programme)">Saturday Live/Friday Night Live</a></i> also launched the careers of a number of comedians and writers. Channel 4 broadcast a number of popular American imports, including <i><a href="/wiki/Cheers" title="Cheers">Cheers</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cosby_Show" title="The Cosby Show">The Cosby Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Roseanne" title="Roseanne">Roseanne</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Home_Improvement_(TV_series)" title="Home Improvement (TV series)">Home Improvement</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Friends" title="Friends">Friends</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_City" title="Sex and the City">Sex and the City</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Everybody_Loves_Raymond" title="Everybody Loves Raymond">Everybody Loves Raymond</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Family_Guy" title="Family Guy">Family Guy</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Frasier" title="Frasier">Frasier</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Scrubs_(TV_series)" title="Scrubs (TV series)">Scrubs</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Will_%26_Grace" title="Will & Grace">Will & Grace</a></i>. Other significant US acquisitions include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i>, for which the station was reported to have paid £700,000 per episode for the terrestrial television rights back in 2004, and continues to air on the channel daily. </p><p>In April 2010, Channel 4 became the first UK broadcaster to adapt the American comedy institution of <a href="/wiki/Roast_(comedy)" title="Roast (comedy)">roasting</a> to British television, with <i><a href="/wiki/A_Comedy_Roast" title="A Comedy Roast">A Comedy Roast</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian5Apr2010_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian5Apr2010-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Channel4AComedyRoastEpisodeGuide_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Channel4AComedyRoastEpisodeGuide-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, Channel 4 organised <i><a href="/wiki/Channel_4%27s_Comedy_Gala" title="Channel 4's Comedy Gala">Channel 4's Comedy Gala</a></i>, a comedy <a href="/wiki/Benefit_concert" title="Benefit concert">benefit show</a> in aid of <a href="/wiki/Great_Ormond_Street_Hospital" title="Great Ormond Street Hospital">Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital</a>. With over 25 comedians appearing, it billed it as "the biggest live stand up show in United Kingdom history". Filmed live on 30 March in front of 14,000 at <a href="/wiki/The_O2_Arena" title="The O2 Arena">The O2 Arena</a> in London, it was broadcast on 5 April.<sup id="cite_ref-Channel4Sales11Feb2010_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Channel4Sales11Feb2010-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has continued to 2016. </p><p>In 2021, Channel 4 decided to revive <a href="/wiki/The_British_Comedy_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="The British Comedy Awards">The British Comedy Awards</a> as part of its Stand Up To Cancer programming. The ceremony, billed as The National Comedy Awards was due to be held in the spring of 2021 but was delayed due to the Coronavirus pandemic until 15 December 2021 and then cancelled a week before it was due to be held, due to concerns over the Omicron variant.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ceremony was finally held on 2 March 2022<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and broadcast on Channel 4 three days later.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Comedy Awards was not the only live comedy event that was part of the channel's Christmas schedule that was effected by these concerns as <i>Joe Lycett: Mummy's Big Christmas Do!</i><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was also postponed, with the 22 December show due to air as a pilot for a new series called <i>Mummy's House Party</i> in spring 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lycett's Birmingham-based extravaganza<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> finally made it to air on 3 July 2022 as <i>Joe Lycett's Big Pride Party</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 0.29 million viewers tuning in (compared to 0.69 million for <i>The Cruise</i> on Channel 5).<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Factual_and_current_affairs">Factual and current affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Factual and current affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Channel 4 has a strong reputation for history programmes and documentaries. Its news service <i><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_News" title="Channel 4 News">Channel 4 News</a></i> is supplied by <a href="/wiki/ITN" title="ITN">ITN</a>, whilst its long-standing investigative documentary series, <i><a href="/wiki/Dispatches_(TV_programme)" title="Dispatches (TV programme)">Dispatches</a></i>, gains attention from other media outlets. Its live broadcast of the first public <a href="/wiki/Autopsy" title="Autopsy">autopsy</a> in the UK for 170 years, carried out by <a href="/wiki/Gunther_von_Hagens" title="Gunther von Hagens">Gunther von Hagens</a> in 2002 and the 2003 one-off stunt <i><a href="/wiki/Derren_Brown" title="Derren Brown">Derren Brown</a> Plays Russian Roulette Live</i> proved controversial. </p><p>A season of television programmes about <a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">masturbation</a>, called <i><a href="/wiki/Wank_Week" title="Wank Week">Wank Week</a></i>, was to be broadcast in the United Kingdom by Channel 4 in March 2007. The series came under public attack from senior television figures, and was pulled amid claims of declining editorial standards and concern for the channel's <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public service broadcasting</a> credentials.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FourDocs">FourDocs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: FourDocs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FourDocs was an online documentary site provided by Channel 4. It allowed viewers to upload their own documentaries to the site for others to view. It focused on documentaries of between 3 and 5 minutes. The website also included an archive of classic documentaries, interviews with documentary filmmakers and short educational guides to documentary-making. It won a <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Award</a> in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site also included a strand for documentaries of under 59 seconds, called "Microdocs". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools_programming">Schools programming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Schools programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Channel 4 is obliged to carry schools programming as part of its remit and licence.<sup id="cite_ref-schools_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schools-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ITV_Schools_on_Channel_4">ITV Schools on Channel 4</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: ITV Schools on Channel 4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ITV_Schools_on_Channel_4" class="mw-redirect" title="ITV Schools on Channel 4">ITV Schools on Channel 4</a></div> <p>Since 1957 ITV had produced schools programming, which became an obligation.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, five years after the station was launched, the IBA afforded ITV free carriage of these programmes during Channel 4's then-unused weekday morning hours. This arrangement allowed the ITV companies to fulfil their obligation to provide schools programming, whilst allowing ITV itself to broadcast regular programmes complete with advertisements. During the times in which schools programmes were aired <a href="/wiki/ITV_Central" title="ITV Central">Central Television</a> provided most of the <a href="/wiki/Continuity_(broadcasting)" title="Continuity (broadcasting)">continuity</a> with play-out originating from Birmingham.<sup id="cite_ref-itvschools_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itvschools-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Channel_4_Schools/4Learning"><span id="Channel_4_Schools.2F4Learning"></span>Channel 4 Schools/4Learning</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Channel 4 Schools/4Learning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the restructuring of the station in 1993, ITV's obligations to provide such programming on Channel 4's airtime passed to Channel 4 itself, and the new service became Channel 4 Schools, with the new corporation administering the service and commissioning its programmes, some still from ITV, others from independent producers.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2008, the 4Learning interactive new media commission Slabovia.tv<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was launched. The Slabplayer<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> online media player showing TV shows for teenagers was launched on 26 May 2008. </p><p>The schools programming has always had elements which differ from its normal presentational package. In 1993, the Channel 4 Schools idents featured famous people in one category, with light shining on them in front of an industrial-looking setting supplemented by instrumental calming music. This changed in 1996 with the circles look to numerous children touching the screen, forming circles of information then picked up by other children. The last child would produce the Channel 4 logo in the form of three vertical circles, with another in the middle and to the left containing the Channel 4 logo. </p><p>A present feature of presentation was a countdown sequence featuring, in 1993 a slide with the programme name, and afterwards an extended sequence matching the channel branding. In 1996, this was an extended ident with timer in top left corner, and in 1999 following the adoption of the squares look, featured a square with timer slowly make its way across the right of the screen with people learning and having fun while doing so passing across the screen. It finished with the Channel 4 logo box on the right of the screen and the name 'Channel 4 Schools' being shown. This was adapted in 2000 when the service's name was changed to '4Learning'.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2001, this was altered to various scenes from classrooms around the world and different parts of school life. The countdown now flips over from the top, right, bottom and left with each second, and ends with four coloured squares, three of which are aligned vertically to the left of the Channel 4 logo, which is contained inside the fourth box. The tag 'Learning' is located directly beneath the logo. The final countdown sequence lasted between 2004 and 2005 and featured a background video of current controversial issues, overlaid with upcoming programming information. The video features people in the style of graffiti enacting the overuse of CCTV cameras, fox hunting, computer viruses and pirate videos, relationships, pollution of the seas and violent lifestyles. Following 2005, no branded section has been used for schools programmes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_programmes">Religious programmes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Religious programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the outset, Channel 4 did not conform to the expectations of conventional religious broadcasting in the UK. John Ranelagh, first commissioning editor for religion, made his priority 'broadening the spectrum of religious programming' and more 'intellectual' concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also ignored the religious programme advisory structure that had been put in place by the BBC, and subsequently adopted by ITV. Ranelagh's first major commission caused a furore, a three-part documentary series called <i><a href="/wiki/Jesus:_The_Evidence" title="Jesus: The Evidence">Jesus: The Evidence</a></i>. The programmes, transmitted during the Easter period of 1984, seemed to advocate the idea that the Gospels were unreliable, Jesus may have indulged in witchcraft, and that he may not have even existed. The series triggered a public outcry, and marked a significant moment in the deterioration in the relationship between the UK's broadcasting and religious institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numerous genres of film-making – such as comedy, drama, documentary, adventure/action, romance and horror/thriller – are represented in the channel's schedule. From the launch of Channel 4 until 1998, film presentations on C4 would often be broadcast under the "Film on Four" banner.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2005, Channel 4 screened the uncut <a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Idiots" title="The Idiots">The Idiots</a></i>, which includes unsimulated sexual intercourse, making it the first UK terrestrial channel to do so. The channel had previously screened other films with similar material but censored and with warnings.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1 November 1998, Channel 4 has had a digital subsidiary channel dedicated to the screening of films. This channel launched as a paid subscription channel under the name "FilmFour", and was relaunched in July 2006 as a free-to-air channel under the current name of "<a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a>". The Film4 channel carries a wide range of film productions, including acquired and Film4-produced projects. Channel 4's general entertainment channels <a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a> and <a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a> also screen feature films at certain points in the schedule as part of their content mix.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_warming">Global warming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Global warming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate change in the United Kingdom">Climate change in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>On 8 March 2007, Channel 4 screened a documentary, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Global_Warming_Swindle" title="The Great Global Warming Swindle">The Great Global Warming Swindle</a></i> stating that <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">global warming</a> is "a lie" and "the biggest scam of modern times".<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The programme's accuracy were disputed on multiple points, and commentators criticised it for being one-sided, observing that the mainstream position on global warming is supported by the scientific academies of the <a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">major industrialised nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Houghton_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houghton-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 246 complaints to <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> as of 25 April 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including allegations that the programme falsified data.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The programme was criticised by scientists and scientific organisations, and various scientists who participated in the documentary claimed their views had been distorted.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Against_Nature_(documentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Against Nature (documentary)">Against Nature</a></i>: An earlier controversial Channel 4 programme made by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Durkin_(director)" title="Martin Durkin (director)">Martin Durkin</a> which was also critical of the environmental movement and was charged by the UK's <a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Commission" title="Independent Television Commission">Independent Television Commission</a> for misrepresenting and distorting the views of interviewees by selective editing.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greenhouse_Conspiracy" title="The Greenhouse Conspiracy">The Greenhouse Conspiracy</a></i>: An earlier Channel 4 documentary broadcast on 12 August 1990, as part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Equinox_(TV_programme)" title="Equinox (TV programme)">Equinox</a></i> series, in which similar claims were made.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three of the people interviewed (Lindzen, Michaels and Spencer) were also interviewed in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Global_Warming_Swindle" title="The Great Global Warming Swindle">The Great Global Warming Swindle</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ahmadinejad's_Christmas_speech"><span id="Ahmadinejad.27s_Christmas_speech"></span>Ahmadinejad's Christmas speech</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ahmadinejad's Christmas speech"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Christmas_message" title="Alternative Christmas message">Alternative Christmas address</a></i> of 2008, a Channel 4 tradition since 1993 with a different presenter each year, Iranian President <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a> made a thinly veiled attack on the United States by claiming that Christ would have been against "bullying, ill-tempered and expansionist powers". </p><p>The broadcast was rebuked by human rights activists, politicians and religious figures, including <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tatchell" title="Peter Tatchell">Peter Tatchell</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Louise_Ellman" title="Louise Ellman">Louise Ellman</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ron_Prosor" title="Ron Prosor">Ron Prosor</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Rabbi Aaron Goldstein.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A spokeswoman for the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign and Commonwealth Office">Foreign and Commonwealth Office</a> said: "President Ahmadinejad has, during his time in office, made a series of appalling anti-Semitic statements. The British media are rightly free to make their own editorial choices, but this invitation will cause offence and bemusement not just at home but among friendly countries abroad".<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Channel 4 was defended by <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_(charity)" title="Stonewall (charity)">Stonewall</a> director <a href="/wiki/Ben_Summerskill" title="Ben Summerskill">Ben Summerskill</a> who stated: "In spite of his ridiculous and often offensive views, it is an important way of reminding him that there are some countries where free speech is not repressed...If it serves that purpose, then Channel 4 will have done a significant public service".<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Byrne" title="Dorothy Byrne">Dorothy Byrne</a>, Channel 4's head of news and current affairs, said in response to the station's critics: "As the leader of one of the most powerful states in the Middle East, President Ahmadinejad's views are enormously influential... As we approach a critical time in international relations, we are offering our viewers an insight into an alternative world view...Channel 4 has devoted more airtime to examining Iran than any other broadcaster and this message continues a long tradition of offering a different perspective on the world around us".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4Talent">4Talent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 4Talent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>4Talent is an editorial branch of Channel 4's commissioning wing, which co-ordinates Channel 4's various talent development schemes for film, television, radio, new media and other platforms and provides a showcasing platform for new talent. </p><p>There are bases in London, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, Glasgow and <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, serving editorial hubs known respectively as 4Talent National, 4Talent Central England, 4Talent Scotland and 4Talent Northern Ireland. These four sites include features, profiles and interviews in text, audio and video formats, divided into five zones: TV, Film, Radio, New Media and Extras, which covers other arts such as theatre, music and design. 4Talent also collates networking, showcasing and professional development opportunities, and runs workshops, masterclasses, seminars and showcasing events across the UK. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="4Talent_Magazine"><i>4Talent Magazine</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 4Talent Magazine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>4Talent Magazine</i> is the creative industries magazine from 4Talent, which launched in 2005 as <i>TEN4</i> magazine under the editorship of Dan Jones. <i>4Talent Magazine</i> is currently edited by Nick Carson. Other staff include deputy editor Catherine Bray and production editor Helen Byrne. The magazine covers rising and established figures of interest in the creative industries, a remit including film, radio, TV, comedy, music, new media and design. </p><p>Subjects are usually UK-based, with contributing editors based in Northern Ireland, Scotland, London and Birmingham, but the publication has been known to source international content from Australia, America, continental Europe and the Middle East. The magazine is frequently organised around a theme for the issue, for instance giving half of November 2007's pages over to profiling winners of the annual 4Talent Awards. </p><p>An unusual feature of the magazine's credits is the equal prominence given to the names of writers, photographers, designers and illustrators, contradicting standard industry practice of more prominent writer bylines. It is also recognisable for its 'wraparound' covers, which use the front and back as a continuous canvas – often produced by guest artists. </p><p>Although <i>4Talent Magazine</i> is technically a newsstand title, a significant proportion of its readers are subscribers. It started life as a quarterly 100-page title, but has since doubled in size and is now published bi-annually. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scheduling">Scheduling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Scheduling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Overly_detailed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-overly_detailed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_forking#Article_spinoffs:_.22Summary_style.22_meta-articles_and_summary_sections" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Content forking">spinning off</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Handling_trivia#Recommendations_for_handling_trivia" title="Wikipedia:Handling trivia">relocating</a> any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia's inclusion policy</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since the 2010s, Channel 4 has become the public service broadcaster most likely to amend its schedule at short notice, if programmes are not gaining sufficient viewers in their intended slots. Programmes which have been heavily promoted by the channel before launch and then have lost their slot a week later include <i>Sixteen: Class of 2021</i>. This was a fly-on-the-wall school documentary which lost its prime 9pm slot after one episode on 31 August 2021, even after a four-star review in <i>The Guardian</i>. Channel 4 moved the next episode to a late night (post-primetime) slot on a different day and continued to broadcast the remainder of the four-part series in this timeslot.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2021, the channel launched <i>Epic Wales: Valleys, Mountains and Coast</i>, a version of its More4 documentaries <i>The Pennines: Backbone of Britain</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Yorkshire Dales and The Lakes</i><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Devon and Cornwall</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> set in Wales. <i>Epic Wales: Valleys, Mountains and Coast</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was initially broadcast in a prime Friday night slot at 8pm, in the hour before its comedy shows,<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was dumped by the channel before the series was completed and replaced by repeats. In February 2022, the channel scheduled a new version of the show under the title <i>Wonderous Wales</i> with a Saturday night slot at 8pm<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but after one episode, it decided to take this series out of its schedule, moving up a repeat of <i>Matt Baker: Our Farm in the Dales</i> to 8pm and putting an episode of <i>Escape to the Chateau</i> in Baker's slot at 7pm.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other programmes moved out of primetime in 2022, include <i>Mega Mansion Hunters</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Channel 4's answer to <i>Selling Sunset</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which saw its third and final episode moved past midnight with repeats put in the schedule before it,<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hammond" title="Richard Hammond">Richard Hammond's Crazy Contraptions</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a primetime Friday night competitive engineering show which saw its grand final moved to 11pm on a Sunday night.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of Hammond's competition, Channel 4 decided to schedule the fifth series of <i>Devon and Cornwall</i> in its place at 8pm on Friday nights,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with this documentary being put up against Channel 5's <i>World's Most Scenic Railway Journeys</i> in the same timeslot.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new series of <i>Unreported World</i> was due to start on 18 February 2022<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a report by Seyi Rhodes in South Sudan, but was dropped due to an extended storm report on <i>Channel 4 News</i>. When the programme was rescheduled for following Fridays, it was dropped again as <i>Channel 4 News</i> was extended due to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Winter Paralympics: Today in Beijing</i> was due to take the <i>Unreported World</i> slot from 11 March 2022<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though this sports programme also stood a chance of being moved around the schedule to continue the extended news programmes reporting on the conflict. The invasion of Ukraine has also prompted Channel 4 to acquire and schedule the comedy series <i><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_People_(2015_TV_series)" title="Servant of the People (2015 TV series)">Servant of the People</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a last minute replacement. The programme stars the current <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President of Ukraine</a> <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> as an ordinary man who gets elected to run the country, and was shown on 6 March 2022 along with the documentary <i>Zelenskyy: The Man Who Took on Putin</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to these shows, <a href="/wiki/O.T._Fagbenle" class="mw-redirect" title="O.T. Fagbenle">O.T. Fagbenle</a>'s sitcom <i>Maxxx</i> was pulled from youth TV channel E4, after one episode from the series had been broadcast on 2 April 2020, with Channel 4 deciding to keep the series off-air until Black History Month, with the series going out on the main channel from October 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2022, the reality dating show <i>Let's Make a Love Scene</i> was <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_series_canceled_after_one_episode" title="List of television series canceled after one episode">scrapped after one episode</a> with the second programme in the series, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Ellie_Taylor" title="Ellie Taylor">Ellie Taylor</a>, pulled from the 20 May schedule and replaced with an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/8_Out_of_10_Cats_Does_Countdown" title="8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown">8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown</a></i>. The first edition was negatively received,<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Anita Singh, the arts and entertainments editor for <i>The Telegraph</i> writing that the show was "the most ill-conceived programme idea since Prince Edward dreamt up <i>It's a Royal Knockout</i>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presentation">Presentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Presentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright" style="background-color:#F8F8F8"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px;background-color:#F8F8F8"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:#F8F8F8;margin-right:10px;width:45px;max-width:45px"><div class="thumbimage" style="background-color:#F8F8F8; border:none;;height:59px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Channel_4_logo_1982.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Channel_4_logo_1982.svg/43px-Channel_4_logo_1982.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Channel_4_logo_1982.svg/65px-Channel_4_logo_1982.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Channel_4_logo_1982.svg/86px-Channel_4_logo_1982.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1363" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">1982</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:#F8F8F8;margin-right:10px;width:61px;max-width:61px"><div class="thumbimage" style="background-color:#F8F8F8; border:none;;height:59px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Channel_4_logo_1996.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Channel_4_logo_1996.svg/59px-Channel_4_logo_1996.svg.png" decoding="async" width="59" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Channel_4_logo_1996.svg/89px-Channel_4_logo_1996.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Channel_4_logo_1996.svg/118px-Channel_4_logo_1996.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">1996</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:#F8F8F8;width:61px;max-width:61px"><div class="thumbimage" style="background-color:#F8F8F8; border:none;;height:59px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Channel_4_logo_1999.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Channel_4_logo_1999.svg/59px-Channel_4_logo_1999.svg.png" decoding="async" width="59" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Channel_4_logo_1999.svg/89px-Channel_4_logo_1999.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Channel_4_logo_1999.svg/118px-Channel_4_logo_1999.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">1999</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:#F8F8F8;margin-right:10px;width:90px;max-width:90px"><div class="thumbimage" style="background-color:#F8F8F8; border:none;;height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Channel_4_logo_2004.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Channel_4_logo_2004.svg/88px-Channel_4_logo_2004.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Channel_4_logo_2004.svg/132px-Channel_4_logo_2004.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Channel_4_logo_2004.svg/176px-Channel_4_logo_2004.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">2004</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="background-color:#F8F8F8;width:89px;max-width:89px"><div class="thumbimage" style="background-color:#F8F8F8; border:none;;height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Channel_4_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Channel_4_2022.svg/87px-Channel_4_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="87" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Channel_4_2022.svg/131px-Channel_4_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Channel_4_2022.svg/174px-Channel_4_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">2022</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Former logos</div></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Channel_4_idents_and_presentation" title="Channel 4 idents and presentation">Channel 4 idents and presentation</a></div> <p>Since its launch in 1982, Channel 4 has used the same logo which consists of a stylised numeral "4" made up of nine differently-shaped blocks. </p><p>The original version was designed by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lambie-Nairn" title="Martin Lambie-Nairn">Martin Lambie-Nairn</a> and his partner Colin Robinson and was the first UK channel ident made using advanced computer generation (the first electronically generated ident was on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two_%22Computer_Generated_2%22_ident" title="BBC Two "Computer Generated 2" ident">BBC2 in 1979</a>, but this was two-dimensional). It was designed in conjunction with Bo Gehring Aviation of Los Angeles and originally depicted the "4" in red, yellow, green, blue and purple. The music accompanying the ident was called "Fourscore" and was composed by David Dundas; it was later released as a single alongside a B-side, "Fourscore Two", although neither reached the UK charts. In November 1992, "Fourscore" was replaced by new music. </p><p>In 1996, Channel 4 commissioned Tomato Films to revamp the "4", which resulted in the "Circles" idents showing four white circles forming up transparently over various scenes, with the "4" logo depicted in white in one of the circles. </p><p>In 1999, Spin redesigned the logo to feature in a single square that sat on the right-hand side of the screen, whilst various stripes would move along from left to right, often lighting the squared "4" up. Like the previous "Circles" idents from 1996 (which was made by Tomato Films), the stripes would be interspersed with various scenes potentially related to the upcoming programme. </p><p>The logo was made three-dimensional again in 2004 when it was depicted in filmed scenes that show the blocks forming the "4" logo for less than a second before the action moves away again. </p><p>In 2015, a new presentation package by the network's in-house agency 4Creative was introduced. Directed by filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Glazer" title="Jonathan Glazer">Jonathan Glazer</a>, the "4" logo itself was downplayed on-air in favour of idents and bumpers featuring the individual blocks as objects, including idents depicting them as "<a href="/wiki/Kryptonite" title="Kryptonite">Kryptonite</a>"-like items of fascination (such as being excavated, and viewed under a <a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">microscope</a> for scientific study) that reflect Channel 4's remit of being "irreverent, innovative, alternative and challenging". Musician <a href="/wiki/Mica_Levi" title="Mica Levi">Micachu</a> composed music for the idents.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This theme continued in 2017, with new idents by <a href="/wiki/Dougal_Wilson" title="Dougal Wilson">Dougal Wilson</a> that focused on an <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphic</a> "giant" constructed from the blocks, and its interactions in everyday life. A new acoustic rendition of "Fourscore" was also composed for the idents.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2018, Channel 4 adopted the two-dimensional version of the "4" logo as its main corporate logo, and introduced a rebranding of all of its digital channels by ManvsMachine and 4Creative to standardise them around variations of the Lambie-Nairn "4".<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original 1982 ident was given a one-off revival on 28 December 2020, as a tribute to Lambie-Nairn after his death three days earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also used on 22 January 2021 as part of the 80s-themed "takeover" to promote the premiere of <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Sin_(TV_series)" title="It's a Sin (TV series)">It's a Sin</a></i>, which was set during the 1980s <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="HIV/AIDS in the United Kingdom">AIDS crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To mark the network's 40th anniversary, Channel 4 began to phase in another rebranding in November 2022, and announced that new idents were being produced that would be "an unexpected and daring portrait of Britain retold". In an effort to emphasise its digital platforms, it was announced that the "All4" branding would be dropped from Channel 4's video on-demand platform, in favour of marketing it under the "Channel 4" name with no disambiguation.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new idents, "Modern Britain", premiered in June 2023, featuring looping cycles of themed scenes built around the Channel 4 logo by various artists.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regions/international"><span id="Regions.2Finternational"></span>Regions/international</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Regions/international"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Channel 4 has, since its inception, broadcast identical programmes and <a href="/wiki/Continuity_(broadcasting)" title="Continuity (broadcasting)">continuity</a> throughout the United Kingdom (excluding Wales where it did not operate on analogue transmitters). At launch this made it unique, as both the BBC and <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> had long-established traditions of providing <a href="/wiki/Regional_variation" title="Regional variation">regional variations</a> in their programming in different areas of the country. Since the launch of subsequent British television channels, Channel 4 has become typical in its lack of regional programming variations. </p><p>A few exceptions exist to this rule for programming and continuity: </p> <ul><li>Some of Channel 4's schools' programming (1980s-early 1990s) was regionalised due to differences in curricula between different regions.<sup id="cite_ref-itvschools_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itvschools-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Advertising on Channel 4 does contain regular variation: prior to 1993, when ITV was responsible for selling Channel 4's advertising, each regional ITV company would provide the content of advertising breaks, covering the same transmitter area as themselves, and these breaks were often unique to that area. After Channel 4 became responsible for its own advertising, it continued to offer advertisers the ability to target particular audiences and divided its coverage area into six regions: London, South, Midlands, North, Northern Ireland and Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wales does not have its own advertising region; instead, its viewers receive the southern region on digital platforms intentionally broadcast to the area or the neighbouring region where terrestrial transmissions spill over into Wales. <a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 5 (UK)">Channel 5</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Breakfast" title="ITV Breakfast">ITV Breakfast</a> use a similar model to Channel 4 for providing their own advertising regions, despite also having a single national output of programming.</li></ul> <p>Part of Channel 4's remit covers the commissioning of programmes from outside London. Channel 4 has a dedicated director of nations and regions, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Cosgrove" title="Stuart Cosgrove">Stuart Cosgrove</a>, who is based in a regional office in Glasgow. As his job title suggests, it is his responsibility to foster relations with independent producers based in areas of the United Kingdom (including Wales) outside London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International">International</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: International"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Channel 4 is available in the Republic of Ireland, with ads tailored to the Irish market. The channel is registered with the broadcasting regulators in Luxembourg for terms of conduct and business within the EU/EEA while observing guidelines outlined by Ireland's <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Authority_of_Ireland" title="Broadcasting Authority of Ireland">BAI code</a>. Irish advertising sales are managed by Media Link<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Dublin. Where Channel 4 does not hold broadcasting rights within the Republic of Ireland such programming is unavailable. For example, the series <a href="/wiki/Glee_(TV_series)" title="Glee (TV series)"><i>Glee</i></a> was not available on Channel 4 on Sky in Ireland due to it broadcasting on <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_One" title="Virgin Media One">TV3</a> within Ireland. Currently, programming available on Channel 4 is available within the Republic of Ireland without restrictions. Elsewhere in Europe, the UK version of the channel is available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_possibility_of_regional_news">Future possibility of regional news</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Future possibility of regional news"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With <a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a> pushing for much looser requirements on the amount of regional news and other programming it is obliged to broadcast in its ITV regions, the idea of Channel 4 taking on a regional news commitment has been considered, with the corporation in talks with <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> and ITV over the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-c4moveregional_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c4moveregional-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Channel 4 believes that a scaling-back of such operations on ITV's part would be detrimental to Channel 4's national news operation, which shares much of its resources with ITV through their shared news contractor <a href="/wiki/ITN" title="ITN">ITN</a>. At the same time, Channel 4 also believes that such an additional public service commitment would bode well in on-going negotiations with Ofcom in securing additional funding for its other public service commitments.<sup id="cite_ref-c4moveregional_151-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c4moveregional-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Channel_4_HD">Channel 4 HD</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Channel 4 HD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Channel_4HD_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Channel_4HD_Logo.svg/170px-Channel_4HD_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Channel_4HD_Logo.svg/255px-Channel_4HD_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Channel_4HD_Logo.svg/340px-Channel_4HD_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Channel 4 HD logo (2007–2015)</figcaption></figure> <p>In mid-2006 Channel 4 ran a six-month closed trial of <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a>, as part of the wider <a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Freeview_HD" title="Digital television in the United Kingdom">Freeview HD</a> experiment via the <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_transmitting_station" title="Crystal Palace transmitting station">Crystal Palace transmitter</a> to London and parts of the <a href="/wiki/Home_counties" title="Home counties">home counties</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the use of <a href="/wiki/Lost_(2004_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost (2004 TV series)"><i>Lost</i></a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Desperate_Housewives" title="Desperate Housewives">Desperate Housewives</a></i> as part of the experiment, as US broadcasters such as <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> already have an HDTV back catalogue. </p><p>On 10 December 2007, Channel 4 launched a high-definition television <a href="/wiki/Simulcast" title="Simulcast">simulcast</a> of Channel 4 on <a href="/wiki/Sky%2B_HD" title="Sky+ HD">Sky</a>'s digital satellite platform, after Sky agreed to contribute toward the channel's satellite distribution costs. It was the first full-time <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high-definition</a> channel from a terrestrial UK broadcaster.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 July 2009, Virgin Media added Channel 4 HD on channel 146 (later on channel 142, now on channel 141) as part of the M pack.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 March 2010 Channel 4 HD appeared on <a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a> channel 52 with a placeholding caption, ahead of a commercial launch on 30 March 2010, coinciding with the commercial launch of Freeview HD.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 April 2011, Channel 4 HD was added to <a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a> on channel 126.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, the channel moved from being <a href="/wiki/Free-to-view" title="Free-to-view">free-to-view</a> to <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> on satellite during March 2011. With the closure of <a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C Clirlun</a> in Wales on 1 December 2012, on Freeview, Channel 4 HD launched in Wales on 2 December 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The channel carries the same schedule as Channel 4, broadcasting programmes in HD when available, acting as a simulcast. Therefore, SD programming is broadcast upscaled to HD. The first true HD programme to be shown was the 1996 <a href="/wiki/Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Happy_Gilmore" title="Happy Gilmore">Happy Gilmore</a></i>. From launch until 2016 the presence of the 4HD logo on screen denoted true HD content. </p><p>On 1 July 2014, Channel 4 +1 HD, an HD simulcast of Channel 4 +1, launched on Freeview channel 110. It closed on 22 June 2020 to help make room on COM7 following the closure of COM8 on Freeview. <a href="/wiki/4seven" title="4seven">4Seven HD</a> were removed from Freeview also.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 February 2018, Channel 4 announced that Channel 4 HD and All 4 would no longer be supplied on Freesat from 22 February 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Channel 4 HD returned to the platform on 8 December 2021, along with the music channel portfolio of <a href="/wiki/The_Box_Plus_Network" title="The Box Plus Network">The Box Plus Network</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 September 2022, the other 6 advertising regions of Channel 4 (South, Midlands, North, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Rep of Ireland) were made available in HD on Sky and Virgin Media.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, Channel 4 HD was only available in the London advertising region.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Video_on_demand">Video on demand</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Video on demand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(VoD_service)" title="Channel 4 (VoD service)">Channel 4 (VoD service)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(VoD_service)" title="Channel 4 (VoD service)">Channel 4's video on demand service</a>, known simply as "Channel 4" since April 2023, launched in November 2006 as "4oD", and was renamed "All 4" in March 2015. The service offers a variety of programmes recently shown on Channel 4, <a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a>, <a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a> or from their archives, though some programmes and movies are not available due to rights issues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teletext_services">Teletext services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Teletext services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4-Tel/FourText"><span id="4-Tel.2FFourText"></span>4-Tel/FourText</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: 4-Tel/FourText"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Channel 4 originally licensed an ancillary teletext service to provide schedules, programme information and features. The original service was called 4-Tel, and was produced by Intelfax, a company set up especially for the purpose. It was carried in the 400s on <a href="/wiki/ORACLE_(teletext)" title="ORACLE (teletext)">Oracle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4Tel_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4Tel-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, with Oracle losing its franchise to <a href="/wiki/Teletext_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Teletext Ltd">Teletext Ltd</a>, 4-Tel found a new home in the 300s, and had its name shown in the header row. Intelfax continued to produce the service <sup id="cite_ref-4Tel_168-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4Tel-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2002 it was renamed FourText. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teletext_on_4">Teletext on 4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Teletext on 4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, Channel 4 awarded Teletext Ltd a ten-year contract to run the channel's ancillary teletext service, named Teletext on 4.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The service closed in 2008, and Teletext is no longer available on Channel 4, ITV and Channel 5.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Awards and nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Association</th> <th>Category</th> <th>Nominee(s)</th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>Diversity in Media Awards </td> <td>Broadcaster of the Year </td> <td><i>Channel 4</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>DIVA Awards </td> <td>Brand of Organisation of the Year </td> <td><i>Channel 4</i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annan_Committee" title="Annan Committee">Annan Committee</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_4_(sculpture)" title="Big 4 (sculpture)">Big 4</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_Banned_season" title="Channel 4 Banned season">Channel 4 Banned season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_Sheffield_Pitch" title="Channel 4 Sheffield Pitch">Channel 4 Sheffield Pitch competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Channel_4_television_programmes" title="List of Channel 4 television programmes">List of Channel 4 television programmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of television stations in the United Kingdom">List of television stations in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renowned_Films" title="Renowned Films">Renowned Films</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/3_Minute_Wonder" title="3 Minute Wonder">3 Minute Wonder</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1080p25 sometimes only on <a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channel4.com/corporate/about-4/operating-responsibly/freedom-information/frequently-asked-questions">"Frequently Asked Questions | Channel 4"</a>. <i>channel4.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=channel4.com&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+%7C+Channel+4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fcorporate%2Fabout-4%2Foperating-responsibly%2Ffreedom-information%2Ffrequently-asked-questions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatterall2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pippa_Catterall" title="Pippa Catterall">Catterall, Peter</a> (2013). <i>The Making of Channel 4</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135018870" title="Special:BookSources/978-1135018870"><bdi>978-1135018870</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Channel+4&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1135018870&rft.aulast=Catterall&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/channel-4">"Channel 4"</a>. Gov.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615011548/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/channel-4">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Channel+4&rft.pub=Gov.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Forganisations%2Fchannel-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channel4.com/press/news/channel-4-announces-composition-new-national-hq-and-creative-hubs">"Channel 4 announces composition of new National HQ and Creative Hubs"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118020205/https://www.channel4.com/press/news/channel-4-announces-composition-new-national-hq-and-creative-hubs">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Channel+4+announces+composition+of+new+National+HQ+and+Creative+Hubs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fpress%2Fnews%2Fchannel-4-announces-composition-new-national-hq-and-creative-hubs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tbsseefour-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tbsseefour_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tbsseefour_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tbsseefour_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuss_J_Graham2005" class="citation web cs1">Russ J Graham (11 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070124205530/http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/seefour/yes.php">"Yes it's no"</a>. <i>Transdiffusion Broadcasting System</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/seefour/yes.php">the original</a> on 24 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transdiffusion+Broadcasting+System&rft.atitle=Yes+it%27s+no&rft.date=2005-09-11&rft.au=Russ+J+Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transdiffusion.org%2Femc%2Fseefour%2Fyes.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1231802.stm">"Channel 5 turns four"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 30 March 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430125641/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1231802.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Channel+5+turns+four&rft.date=2001-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F1231802.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seefour_wales-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seefour_wales_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDafydd_Hancock2005" class="citation web cs1">Dafydd Hancock (11 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transdiffusion.org/tv/seefour/wales">"A Channel for Wales"</a>. <i>Transdiffusion Broadcasting System</i>. seefour by Electromusications. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502013117/http://www.transdiffusion.org/tv/seefour/wales">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transdiffusion+Broadcasting+System&rft.atitle=A+Channel+for+Wales&rft.date=2005-09-11&rft.au=Dafydd+Hancock&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transdiffusion.org%2Ftv%2Fseefour%2Fwales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoe" class="citation web cs1">Roe, Ken. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/29396">"Scala Cinema Club"</a>. <i>Cinema Treasures</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802111935/http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/29396">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2012-11-02/channel-4-turns-30-relive-the-first-day-on-air/">the original</a> on 8 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Times&rft.atitle=Channel+4+turns+30%3A+relive+the+first+day+on+air&rft.date=2012-11-02&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fnews%2F2012-11-02%2Fchannel-4-turns-30-relive-the-first-day-on-air%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling1983" class="citation news cs1">Gosling, Kenneth (18 March 1983). "Channel 4 wins two awards". <i>The Times</i>. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Channel+4+wins+two+awards&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1983-03-18&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertashley.org/productions/1977-83-perfectlives.htm">"Robert Ashley-Perfect Lives"</a>. <i>www.robertashley.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015138/http://www.robertashley.org/productions/1977-83-perfectlives.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.robertashley.org&rft.atitle=Robert+Ashley-Perfect+Lives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertashley.org%2Fproductions%2F1977-83-perfectlives.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/901342.stm">"Victims of the 'silver fox'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 29 August 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327230632/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/901342.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Victims+of+the+%27silver+fox%27&rft.date=2000-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F901342.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebrett2010" class="citation book cs1">Debrett, Mary (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CtG2HyeBM2IC&pg=PA65="><i>Reinventing Public Service Television for the Digital Future</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Intellect_Books" title="Intellect Books">Intellect Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84150-321-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84150-321-9"><bdi>978-1-84150-321-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reinventing+Public+Service+Television+for+the+Digital+Future&rft.pub=Intellect+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84150-321-9&rft.aulast=Debrett&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCtG2HyeBM2IC%26pg%3DPA65%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2018" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Sam (14 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/arts-and-books/when-channel-4-wasnt-just-bake-off-and-benefits-street">"When Channel 4 wasn't just Bake Off and Benefits Street: It was once part of a golden era of the popular avant-garde"</a>. <i>Prospect Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713042337/https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/arts-and-books/when-channel-4-wasnt-just-bake-off-and-benefits-street">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prospect+Magazine&rft.atitle=When+Channel+4+wasn%27t+just+Bake+Off+and+Benefits+Street%3A+It+was+once+part+of+a+golden+era+of+the+popular+avant-garde&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prospectmagazine.co.uk%2Farts-and-books%2Fwhen-channel-4-wasnt-just-bake-off-and-benefits-street&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-overview-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-overview_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-overview_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/info/corporate/">"Channel 4 Overview"</a>. Channel 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625053025/http://www.channel4.com/info/corporate/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Channel+4+Overview&rft.pub=Channel+4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Finfo%2Fcorporate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131219105350/http://www.dtg.org.uk/news/news.php?id=1225">"DTG News: ITV and Channel 4 confirm Freeview stakes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtg.org.uk/news/news.php?id=1225">the original</a> on 19 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DTG+News%3A+ITV+and+Channel+4+confirm+Freeview+stakes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dtg.org.uk%2Fnews%2Fnews.php%3Fid%3D1225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4sales.com/news/news-article.aspx?year=2006&id=21">"CHANNEL4SALES: NEWS"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060708233806/http://www.channel4sales.com/news/news-article.aspx?year=2006&id=21">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CHANNEL4SALES%3A+NEWS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4sales.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-article.aspx%3Fyear%3D2006%26id%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlunkett2006" class="citation news cs1">Plunkett, John (26 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/apr/25/citynews.broadcasting1">"Media registration promo"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417090804/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/apr/25/citynews.broadcasting1">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Media+registration+promo&rft.date=2006-04-26&rft.aulast=Plunkett&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2006%2Fapr%2F25%2Fcitynews.broadcasting1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeil_Wilkes2007" class="citation web cs1">Neil Wilkes (23 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalspy.com/media/a67199/channel-4-takes-50-stake-in-emap-tv/">"Channel 4 takes 50% stake in Emap TV"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Digital_Spy" title="Digital Spy">Digital Spy</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015213407/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/media/news/a67199/channel-4-takes-50-percent-stake-in-emap-tv.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Spy&rft.atitle=Channel+4+takes+50%25+stake+in+Emap+TV&rft.date=2007-07-23&rft.au=Neil+Wilkes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.com%2Fmedia%2Fa67199%2Fchannel-4-takes-50-stake-in-emap-tv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetwork" class="citation web cs1">Network, The Box Plus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.4music.com/">"The Box Plus Network"</a>. <i>4Music</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111221016/http://www.4music.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=4Music&rft.atitle=The+Box+Plus+Network&rft.aulast=Network&rft.aufirst=The+Box+Plus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.4music.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2007" class="citation news cs1">Clarke, Steve (28 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2007/music/news/channel-4-maps-music-presence-1117962004/">"Channel 4 maps music presence"</a>. <i>Variety</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307220612/https://variety.com/2007/music/news/channel-4-maps-music-presence-1117962004/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Channel+4+maps+music+presence&rft.date=2007-03-28&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2007%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fchannel-4-maps-music-presence-1117962004%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213020743/http://www.ukfree.tv/fullstory.php?storyid=1107051220">"Channel 4 to join YouTube and add music channel to – ukfree.tv"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukfree.tv/fullstory.php?storyid=1107051220">the original</a> on 13 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Channel+4+to+join+YouTube+and+add+music+channel+to+%E2%80%93+ukfree.tv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukfree.tv%2Ffullstory.php%3Fstoryid%3D1107051220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalspy.com/tech/a159413/five-awarded-freeview-hd-licence/">"Five awarded Freeview HD licence"</a>. <i>Digital Spy</i>. 11 June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015213407/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tech/news/a159413/five-awarded-freeview-hd-licence.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Spy&rft.atitle=Five+awarded+Freeview+HD+licence&rft.date=2009-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.com%2Ftech%2Fa159413%2Ffive-awarded-freeview-hd-licence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/programmes/3d-week">"3D Week – Channel 4"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223185346/http://www.channel4.com/programmes/3d-week">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3D+Week+%E2%80%93+Channel+4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fprogrammes%2F3d-week&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2015" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Eliza (30 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424113200/https://www.creativereview.co.uk/cr-blog/2015/september/channel-4-rebrands-with-help-from-jonathan-glazer-and-neville-brody/">"Channel 4 rebrands, with help from Jonathan Glazer and Neville Brody"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Creative_Review" title="Creative Review">Creative Review</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.creativereview.co.uk/cr-blog/2015/september/channel-4-rebrands-with-help-from-jonathan-glazer-and-neville-brody/">the original</a> on 24 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Channel+4+rebrands%2C+with+help+from+Jonathan+Glazer+and+Neville+Brody&rft.pub=Creative+Review&rft.date=2015-09-30&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Eliza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.creativereview.co.uk%2Fcr-blog%2F2015%2Fseptember%2Fchannel-4-rebrands-with-help-from-jonathan-glazer-and-neville-brody%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwin2015" class="citation news cs1">Sherwin, Adam (1 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/channel-4-ditches-signature-4-logo-in-brave-and-bizarre-rebrand-a6674156.html">"Channel 4 ditches signature '4' logo in 'brave and bizarre' rebrand"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191223044225/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/channel-4-ditches-signature-4-logo-in-brave-and-bizarre-rebrand-a6674156.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Channel+4+ditches+signature+%274%27+logo+in+%27brave+and+bizarre%27+rebrand&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft.aulast=Sherwin&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmedia%2Ftv-radio%2Fchannel-4-ditches-signature-4-logo-in-brave-and-bizarre-rebrand-a6674156.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweney2017" class="citation news cs1">Sweney, Mark (5 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jun/05/channel-4-alex-mahon-chief-executive-shine-foundry">"Channel 4 confirms Alex Mahon as chief executive"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126023259/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jun/05/channel-4-alex-mahon-chief-executive-shine-foundry">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Channel+4+confirms+Alex+Mahon+as+chief+executive&rft.date=2017-06-05&rft.aulast=Sweney&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2017%2Fjun%2F05%2Fchannel-4-alex-mahon-chief-executive-shine-foundry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-40158084">"Alex Mahon named as new Channel 4 chief executive"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 5 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308035608/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-40158084">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Alex+Mahon+named+as+new+Channel+4+chief+executive&rft.date=2017-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-40158084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.creativereview.co.uk/channel-4-logo-becomes-c4-giant-in-quirky-new-idents/">"Channel 4 logo becomes "C4 giant" in quirky new idents"</a>. <i>Creative Review</i>. 31 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171129105451/https://www.creativereview.co.uk/channel-4-logo-becomes-c4-giant-in-quirky-new-idents/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Creative+Review&rft.atitle=Channel+4+logo+becomes+%22C4+giant%22+in+quirky+new+idents&rft.date=2017-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.creativereview.co.uk%2Fchannel-4-logo-becomes-c4-giant-in-quirky-new-idents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-58756870">"E4 sorry for broadcasting wrong <i>Married At First Sight</i> episode"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210930233844/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-58756870">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=E4+sorry+for+broadcasting+wrong+Married+At+First+Sight+episode&rft.date=2021-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-58756870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/sep/25/channel-4-goes-off-air-after-outage-caused-by-technical-problem">"Channel 4 goes off-air after outage caused by technical problem"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 25 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001091633/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/sep/25/channel-4-goes-off-air-after-outage-caused-by-technical-problem">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Channel+4+goes+off-air+after+outage+caused+by+technical+problem&rft.date=2021-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2021%2Fsep%2F25%2Fchannel-4-goes-off-air-after-outage-caused-by-technical-problem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2021" class="citation web cs1">Phillips, Alexa (22 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/channel-4-attacked-as-it-emerges-subtitles-may-not-be-fixed-until-the-middle-of-november-12440821">"Channel 4 attacked as it emerges subtitles may not be fixed until the middle of November"</a>. <i>Sky News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109173140/https://news.sky.com/story/channel-4-attacked-as-it-emerges-subtitles-may-not-be-fixed-until-the-middle-of-november-12440821">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Channel+4+attacked+as+it+emerges+subtitles+may+not+be+fixed+until+the+middle+of+November&rft.date=2021-10-22&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Alexa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fchannel-4-attacked-as-it-emerges-subtitles-may-not-be-fixed-until-the-middle-of-november-12440821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-58965380">"Channel 4 subtitles and other services not likely to return until mid-November"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019090703/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-58965380">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Channel+4+subtitles+and+other+services+not+likely+to+return+until+mid-November&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-58965380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-59016233">"Channel 4 subtitles returning after fire disruption – BBC News"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 22 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115021528/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-59016233">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Channel+4+subtitles+returning+after+fire+disruption+%E2%80%93+BBC+News&rft.date=2021-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-59016233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-61863696">"C4 subtitle problems breached licence conditions, Ofcom finds"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 20 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=C4+subtitle+problems+breached+licence+conditions%2C+Ofcom+finds&rft.date=2022-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-61863696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-59770835">"Jon Snow bows out of Channel 4 News after 32 years"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 23 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224125511/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-59770835">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Jon+Snow+bows+out+of+Channel+4+News+after+32+years&rft.date=2021-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-59770835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2021" class="citation web cs1">Quinn, Ben (24 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/dec/24/jon-snows-exit-marks-the-end-of-an-era-of-tv-news-big-beasts">"Jon Snow's exit marks the end of an era of TV news big beasts"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220103144024/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/dec/24/jon-snows-exit-marks-the-end-of-an-era-of-tv-news-big-beasts">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Jon+Snow%27s+exit+marks+the+end+of+an+era+of+TV+news+big+beasts&rft.date=2021-12-24&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2021%2Fdec%2F24%2Fjon-snows-exit-marks-the-end-of-an-era-of-tv-news-big-beasts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2021" class="citation web cs1">Quinn, Ben (23 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/dec/23/tributes-as-legend-jon-snow-bows-out-from-c4-news-after-32-years">"Tributes as 'legend' Jon Snow bows out from C4 News after 32 years"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220101051206/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/dec/23/tributes-as-legend-jon-snow-bows-out-from-c4-news-after-32-years">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Channel+4+outsources+to+Red+Bee&rft.date=2007-11-14&rft.aulast=Fitzsimmons&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2007%2Fnov%2F14%2Fchannel4.television1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://transdiffusion.org/2023/04/14/whatever-happened-to-the-channel-4-archive/">"Whatever Happened to the Channel 4 Archive?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whatever+Happened+to+the+Channel+4+Archive%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftransdiffusion.org%2F2023%2F04%2F14%2Fwhatever-happened-to-the-channel-4-archive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barb.co.uk/whats-new/weekly-top-30">"Weekly Top 30 Programmes"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Channel+4+launches+comedy+roast+shows&rft.date=2010-04-05&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2010%2Fapr%2F05%2Fcomedy-roasts-channel-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Channel4AComedyRoastEpisodeGuide-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Channel4AComedyRoastEpisodeGuide_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/programmes/a-comedy-roast/episode-guide">"A Comedy Roast – Series & Episodes"</a>. <i>www.channel4.com/programmes/a-comedy-roast/episode-guide</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Comedy+Guide&rft.atitle=C4%27s+new+National+Comedy+Awards+postponed+%E2%80%93+News&rft.date=2021-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comedy.co.uk%2Ftv%2Fnews%2F6644%2Fnational-comedy-awards-postponed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenationalcomedyawards.com/about">"About the show"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028232806/https://www.thenationalcomedyawards.com/about">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+show&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalcomedyawards.com%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvzoneuk.com/post/c4comedyawards-postponed">"C4 Postpones National Comedy Awards Ceremony"</a>. 8 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211208193950/https://www.tvzoneuk.com/post/c4comedyawards-postponed">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C4+Postpones+National+Comedy+Awards+Ceremony&rft.date=2021-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvzoneuk.com%2Fpost%2Fc4comedyawards-postponed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2021/12/07/49792/omicron_halts_national_comedy_awards">"Omicron halts National Comedy Awards : News 2021 : Chortle : The UK Comedy Guide"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211208194657/https://www.chortle.co.uk/news/2021/12/07/49792/omicron_halts_national_comedy_awards">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Omicron+halts+National+Comedy+Awards+%3A+News+2021+%3A+Chortle+%3A+The+UK+Comedy+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chortle.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2021%2F12%2F07%2F49792%2Fomicron_halts_national_comedy_awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220626135837/https://www.roundhouse.org.uk/whats-on/2021/national-comedy-awards/">"National Comedy Awards"</a>. <i>Roundhouse</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roundhouse&rft.atitle=National+Comedy+Awards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roundhouse.org.uk%2Fwhats-on%2F2021%2Fnational-comedy-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr2022" class="citation news cs1">Barr, Sabrina (5 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metro.co.uk/2022/03/05/tribute-to-sean-lock-at-national-comedy-awards-leaves-viewers-in-tears-16223909/">"Tributes to late Sean Lock at National Comedy Awards leave viewers in tears"</a>. <i>Metro</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metro&rft.atitle=Tributes+to+late+Sean+Lock+at+National+Comedy+Awards+leave+viewers+in+tears&rft.date=2022-03-05&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Sabrina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmetro.co.uk%2F2022%2F03%2F05%2Ftribute-to-sean-lock-at-national-comedy-awards-leaves-viewers-in-tears-16223909%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channel4.com/press/news/deck-halls-live-joe-lycett-mummys-big-christmas-do">"Deck the Halls for LIVE Joe Lycett: Mummy's Big Christmas Do!"</a> (Press release). Channel 4. 9 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211223150413/https://www.channel4.com/press/news/deck-halls-live-joe-lycett-mummys-big-christmas-do">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deck+the+Halls+for+LIVE+Joe+Lycett%3A+Mummy%27s+Big+Christmas+Do%21&rft.pub=Channel+4&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fpress%2Fnews%2Fdeck-halls-live-joe-lycett-mummys-big-christmas-do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvzoneuk.com/post/mummyshouseparty-23decreport">"Joe Lycett's House Party to Return This Spring With Potential Full Series"</a>. <i>TVZone</i>. 23 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211223153423/https://www.tvzoneuk.com/post/mummyshouseparty-23decreport">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TVZone&rft.atitle=Joe+Lycett%27s+House+Party+to+Return+This+Spring+With+Potential+Full+Series&rft.date=2021-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvzoneuk.com%2Fpost%2Fmummyshouseparty-23decreport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Radio Times</i> 2–8 July 2022: Sunday Choices – Today's TV picks on page 61/Channel 4 schedule on page 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/jul/03/tv-tonight-joe-lycett-is-having-a-pride-party-and-youre-all-invited">"TV tonight: Joe Lycett is having a Pride party – and you're all invited"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>. 3 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=TV+tonight%3A+Joe+Lycett+is+having+a+Pride+party+%E2%80%93+and+you%27re+all+invited&rft.date=2022-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftv-and-radio%2F2022%2Fjul%2F03%2Ftv-tonight-joe-lycett-is-having-a-pride-party-and-youre-all-invited&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Radio Times</i> 2–8 July 2022: Television schedules for Sunday 3 July 2022: Channel 4 schedule on page 63/Channel 5 schedule on page 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeans" class="citation news cs1">Deans, Jason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/feb/02/broadcasting.channel4">"Channel 4 postpones 'wank week' programming"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210618155005/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/feb/02/broadcasting.channel4">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schoolstv.com/itvschoolsonitv_history.shtml?1">the original</a> on 6 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=schoolsTV.com+%E2%80%93+ITV+SCHOOLS+on+CHANNEL+4+%E2%80%93+HISTORY&rft.date=2007-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schoolstv.com%2Fitvschoolson4_history.shtml%3F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070705142339/http://www.schoolstv.com/ch4schools_9397_history.shtml?1">"Channel 4 Schools: 1993–1997 History"</a>. <i>SchoolsTV.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schoolstv.com/ch4schools_9397_history.shtml?1">the original</a> on 5 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SchoolsTV.com&rft.atitle=Channel+4+Schools%3A+1993%E2%80%931997+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schoolstv.com%2Fch4schools_9397_history.shtml%3F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160120045545/http://www.slabovia.tv/">"Home"</a>. <i>Slabovia.tv</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belfast+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Anger+as+Ahmadinejad+delivers+Christmas+message+on+Channel+4&rft.date=2008-12-25&rft.au=Belfast+Telegraph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fanger-as-ahmadinejad-delivers-christmas-message-on-channel-4-28461412.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7799652.stm">"Ahmadinejad show 'causes offence'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 25 December 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190721002159/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7799652.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ahmadinejad+show+%27causes+offence%27&rft.date=2008-12-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F7799652.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgencies2008" class="citation web cs1">Agencies (26 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2008/12/2008122614288623436.html">"UK criticises Ahmadinejad broadcast"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190721002156/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2008/12/2008122614288623436.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+criticises+Ahmadinejad+broadcast&rft.date=2008-12-26&rft.au=Agencies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Feurope%2F2008%2F12%2F2008122614288623436.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddique2008" class="citation news cs1">Siddique, Haroon (25 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/dec/25/channel4-iran">"Government slams C4 over Ahmadinejad Christmas message"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215212203/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/dec/25/channel4-iran">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Government+slams+C4+over+Ahmadinejad+Christmas+message&rft.date=2008-12-25&rft.aulast=Siddique&rft.aufirst=Haroon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2008%2Fdec%2F25%2Fchannel4-iran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_Writer2008" class="citation web cs1">Staff Writer (24 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2008/12/24/channel-4-under-fire-for-allowing-homophobe-mahmoud-ahmadinejad-to-deliver-christmas-message/">"Channel 4 under fire for allowing homophobe Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to deliver Christmas message"</a>. <i>Pink News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190721002155/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2008/12/24/channel-4-under-fire-for-allowing-homophobe-mahmoud-ahmadinejad-to-deliver-christmas-message/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pink+News&rft.atitle=Channel+4+under+fire+for+allowing+homophobe+Mahmoud+Ahmadinejad+to+deliver+Christmas+message&rft.date=2008-12-24&rft.au=Staff+Writer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinknews.co.uk%2F2008%2F12%2F24%2Fchannel-4-under-fire-for-allowing-homophobe-mahmoud-ahmadinejad-to-deliver-christmas-message%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channel4.com/programmes/sixteen-class-of-2021">"Sixteen: Class of 2021 – All 4"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028010147/https://www.channel4.com/programmes/sixteen-class-of-2021">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sixteen%3A+Class+of+2021+%E2%80%93+All+4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fprogrammes%2Fsixteen-class-of-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/aug/26/sixteen-class-of-2021-review-what-its-really-like-to-be-a-teen-today">"Sixteen: Class of 2021 review – what it's really like to be a teen today"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 26 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023224149/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/aug/26/sixteen-class-of-2021-review-what-its-really-like-to-be-a-teen-today">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sixteen%3A+Class+of+2021+review+%E2%80%93+what+it%27s+really+like+to+be+a+teen+today&rft.date=2021-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftv-and-radio%2F2021%2Faug%2F26%2Fsixteen-class-of-2021-review-what-its-really-like-to-be-a-teen-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/channel-4/sixteen-class-of-2021-channel-4/5163074.article">"Sixteen: Class of 2021, Channel 4 | Behind The Scenes"</a>. Broadcastnow.co.uk. 7 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210907215620/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/channel-4/sixteen-class-of-2021-channel-4/5163074.article">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sixteen%3A+Class+of+2021%2C+Channel+4+%26%23124%3B+Behind+The+Scenes&rft.pub=Broadcastnow.co.uk&rft.date=2021-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadcastnow.co.uk%2Fchannel-4%2Fsixteen-class-of-2021-channel-4%2F5163074.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channel4.com/programmes/the-pennines-backbone-of-britain">"The Pennines: Backbone of Britain – All 4"</a>. <i>www.channel4.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.channel4.com&rft.atitle=The+Pennines%3A+Backbone+of+Britain+%E2%80%93+All+4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fprogrammes%2Fthe-pennines-backbone-of-britain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channel4.com/programmes/the-yorkshire-dales-and-the-lakes">"The Yorkshire Dales and The Lakes – All 4"</a>. <i>www.channel4.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.channel4.com&rft.atitle=The+Yorkshire+Dales+and+The+Lakes+%E2%80%93+All+4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fprogrammes%2Fthe-yorkshire-dales-and-the-lakes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeale2021" class="citation web cs1">Seale, Jack (21 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-1vwe2t/devon-and-cornwall-season-4/?episode=b-5jwm2y">"Devon and Cornwall Season 4"</a>. Radio Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220095148/https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-1vwe2t/devon-and-cornwall-season-4/?episode=b-5jwm2y">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Devon+and+Cornwall+Season+4&rft.pub=Radio+Times&rft.date=2021-06-21&rft.aulast=Seale&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fprogramme%2Fb-1vwe2t%2Fdevon-and-cornwall-season-4%2F%3Fepisode%3Db-5jwm2y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.channel4.com/programmes/devon-and-cornwal">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/aug/06/tv-tonight-exploring-the-epic-wonders-of-wales">"TV tonight: exploring the epic wonders of Wales | Television & radio"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 6 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220127130921/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/aug/06/tv-tonight-exploring-the-epic-wonders-of-wales">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=TV+tonight%3A+exploring+the+epic+wonders+of+Wales+%26%23124%3B+Television+%26+radio&rft.date=2021-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftv-and-radio%2F2021%2Faug%2F06%2Ftv-tonight-exploring-the-epic-wonders-of-wales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2021" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Kathryn (6 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/tv/epic-wales-voice-over-narrator-21242203">"Epic Wales: All about the new Channel 4 show"</a>. <i>WalesOnline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WalesOnline&rft.atitle=Epic+Wales%3A+All+about+the+new+Channel+4+show&rft.date=2021-08-06&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.walesonline.co.uk%2Flifestyle%2Ftv%2Fepic-wales-voice-over-narrator-21242203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-jrnf6g/epic-wales-valleys-mountains-coasts-season-1/">"Epic Wales: Valleys, Mountains & Coasts Season 1"</a>. Radio Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220095158/https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-jrnf6g/epic-wales-valleys-mountains-coasts-season-1/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Epic+Wales%3A+Valleys%2C+Mountains+%26+Coasts+Season+1&rft.pub=Radio+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fprogramme%2Fb-jrnf6g%2Fepic-wales-valleys-mountains-coasts-season-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/tv-listings/?sd=19-02-2022%2020:00">"TV Guide"</a>. Radio Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220095156/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/tv-listings/?sd=19">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV+Guide&rft.pub=Radio+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-listings%2F%3Fsd%3D19-02-2022%252020%3A00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Radio Times</i> 12–18 February 2022, Channel 4 listings for 12 February 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRackham2021" class="citation web cs1">Rackham, Jane (24 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-nc852j/escape-to-the-chateau-season-8/?episode=b-jeqtlz">"Escape to the Chateau Season 8"</a>. Radio Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220095201/https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-nc852j/escape-to-the-chateau-season-8/?episode=b-jeqtlz">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Escape+to+the+Chateau+Season+8&rft.pub=Radio+Times&rft.date=2021-10-24&rft.aulast=Rackham&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fprogramme%2Fb-nc852j%2Fescape-to-the-chateau-season-8%2F%3Fepisode%3Db-jeqtlz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/tv-listings/?sd=19-02-2022%2017:00">"TV Guide"</a>. Radio Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220095147/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/tv-listings/?sd=19">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV+Guide&rft.pub=Radio+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-listings%2F%3Fsd%3D19-02-2022%252017%3A00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/tv-listings/?sd=23-02-2022%2023:00">"TV Guide"</a>. Radio Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220095152/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/tv-listings/?sd=23">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV+Guide&rft.pub=Radio+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-listings%2F%3Fsd%3D23-02-2022%252023%3A00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/09/tv-tonight-mega-mansion-hunters-we-are-england">"TV tonight: Selling Sunset meets The Apprentice in this new megabucks property show | Television"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 9 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218023924/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/09/tv-tonight-mega-mansion-hunters-we-are-england">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=TV+tonight%3A+Selling+Sunset+meets+The+Apprentice+in+this+new+megabucks+property+show+%26%23124%3B+Television&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftv-and-radio%2F2022%2Ffeb%2F09%2Ftv-tonight-mega-mansion-hunters-we-are-england&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford" class="citation web cs1">Crawford, Gill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-8uk2rw/britains-most-expensive-houses-season-1/?episode=b-nvin7t">"Britain's Most Expensive Houses Season 1"</a>. Radio Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220095156/https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-8uk2rw/britains-most-expensive-houses-season-1/?episode=b-nvin7t">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+Most+Expensive+Houses+Season+1&rft.pub=Radio+Times&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Gill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fprogramme%2Fb-8uk2rw%2Fbritains-most-expensive-houses-season-1%2F%3Fepisode%3Db-nvin7t&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-002cos/first-dates-season-18/?episode=b-g47j3f">"First Dates Season 18"</a>. Radio Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220095141/https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-002cos/first-dates-season-18/?episode=b-g47j3f">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Dates+Season+18&rft.pub=Radio+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fprogramme%2Fb-002cos%2Ffirst-dates-season-18%2F%3Fepisode%3Db-g47j3f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2022" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Benji (29 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/richard-hammonds-crazy-contraptions-tries-take-youtube-fails/">"Richard Hammond's Crazy Contraptions tries to take on YouTube (And fails)"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Richard+Hammond%27s+Crazy+Contraptions+tries+to+take+on+YouTube+%28And+fails%29&rft.date=2022-04-29&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Benji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftv%2F0%2Frichard-hammonds-crazy-contraptions-tries-take-youtube-fails%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-2zsiz7/richard-hammonds-crazy-contraptions-season-1/?episode=b-wwjkmn">"Richard Hammond's Crazy Contraptions Season 1"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+Hammond%27s+Crazy+Contraptions+Season+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fprogramme%2Fb-2zsiz7%2Frichard-hammonds-crazy-contraptions-season-1%2F%3Fepisode%3Db-wwjkmn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/tv-listings/?ts=1654462800000">"TV listings guide"</a>. 7 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV+listings+guide&rft.date=2023-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-listings%2F%3Fts%3D1654462800000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/tv-listings/?ts=1654880400000">"TV listings guide"</a>. 7 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV+listings+guide&rft.date=2023-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-listings%2F%3Fts%3D1654880400000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605140019/https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-q0nv12/devon-and-cornwall-season-5/?episode=b-tfiuqf">"Devon and Cornwall Season 5"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-q0nv12/devon-and-cornwall-season-5/?episode=b-tfiuqf">the original</a> on 5 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Devon+and+Cornwall+Season+5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fprogramme%2Fb-q0nv12%2Fdevon-and-cornwall-season-5%2F%3Fepisode%3Db-tfiuqf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605134512/https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-bp6gnn/worlds-most-scenic-railway-journeys-season-6/?episode=b-q0wdke">"World's Most Scenic Railway Journeys Season 6"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-bp6gnn/worlds-most-scenic-railway-journeys-season-6/?episode=b-q0wdke">the original</a> on 5 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World%27s+Most+Scenic+Railway+Journeys+Season+6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fprogramme%2Fb-bp6gnn%2Fworlds-most-scenic-railway-journeys-season-6%2F%3Fepisode%3Db-q0wdke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Radio Times</i> 12–18 February 2022: Channel 4 schedules for 18 February 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/tv-listings/?sd=04-03-2022%2019:00">"TV listings guide"</a>. 7 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV+listings+guide&rft.date=2023-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-listings%2F%3Fsd%3D04-03-2022%252019%3A00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Radio Times</i> 5–11 March 2022: Channel 4 schedules for 11 March 2022 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-7ka419/servant-of-the-people-season-1/?episode=b-jg1drx">"Servant of the People Season 1"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Servant+of+the+People+Season+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fprogramme%2Fb-7ka419%2Fservant-of-the-people-season-1%2F%3Fepisode%3Db-jg1drx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/tv-listings/?sd=06-03-2022%2016:00">"TV listings guide"</a>. 7 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV+listings+guide&rft.date=2023-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-listings%2F%3Fsd%3D06-03-2022%252016%3A00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvzoneuk.com/post/c4-zelenskycomedy">"Channel 4 Acquire Ukraine's Zelensky Comedy"</a>. 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Channel+4+Acquire+Ukraine%27s+Zelensky+Comedy&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvzoneuk.com%2Fpost%2Fc4-zelenskycomedy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-6akfnf/zelenskyy-the-man-who-took-on-putin/">"Zelenskyy: The Man Who Took on Putin (TV Series)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zelenskyy%3A+The+Man+Who+Took+on+Putin+%28TV+Series%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fprogramme%2Fb-6akfnf%2Fzelenskyy-the-man-who-took-on-putin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/tv-listings/?sd=06-03-2022%2022:00">"TV listings guide"</a>. 7 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV+listings+guide&rft.date=2023-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-listings%2F%3Fsd%3D06-03-2022%252022%3A00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/comedy/maxxx-channel-4-tv-series-repeat/">"Maxxx is back – but why was the Channel 4 sitcom pulled from schedules?"</a>. <i>Radio Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831034251/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/comedy/maxxx-channel-4-tv-series-repeat/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Comedy+Guide&rft.atitle=E4+delays+broadcasts+of+Maxxx&rft.date=2020-04-09&rft.aulast=Guide&rft.aufirst=British+Comedy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comedy.co.uk%2Ftv%2Fnews%2F5734%2Fmaxxx-on-e4-delayed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2022" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Anita (13 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/channel-4s-smut-obsession-reaches-new-low-bizarre-make-love/">"Channel 4's smut obsession reaches a new low with the bizarre Let's Make a Love Scene"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Channel+4%27s+smut+obsession+reaches+a+new+low+with+the+bizarre+Let%27s+Make+a+Love+Scene&rft.date=2022-05-13&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftv%2F0%2Fchannel-4s-smut-obsession-reaches-new-low-bizarre-make-love%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itsnicethat.com/articles/channel-4-neville-brody-jonathan-glazer-rebrand">"New Channel 4 identity by creative dream team of 4Creative, Jonathan Glazer, Neville Brody and DBLG"</a>. <i>www.itsnicethat.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308224347/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/jul/03/channel4.ofcom">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Spy&rft.atitle=C4+HD+coming+to+Virgin+Media+tomorrow&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.com%2Ftech%2Fcable%2Fa168390%2Fc4-hd-coming-to-virgin-media-tomorrow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalspy.com/tech/terrestrial/a210797/c4-hd-begins-freeview-test-transmissions/">"C4 HD begins Freeview test transmissions"</a>. <i>Digital Spy</i>. 26 March 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015213407/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tech/news/a210797/c4-hd-begins-freeview-test-transmissions.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Spy&rft.atitle=C4+HD+begins+Freeview+test+transmissions&rft.date=2010-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.com%2Ftech%2Fterrestrial%2Fa210797%2Fc4-hd-begins-freeview-test-transmissions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116072206/http://www.reghardware.com/2010/03/30/freeview_hd_launches_gets_channel_4/">"Freeview HD launches, gets Channel 4"</a>. Register Hardware. 30 March 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reghardware.com/2010/03/30/freeview_hd_launches_gets_channel_4/">the original</a> on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Join Freesat. 19 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116041211/http://www.joinfreesat.co.uk/channel-4-hd-finally-arrives-on-freesat/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Channel+4+HD+Finally+Arrives+on+Freesat&rft.pub=Join+Freesat&rft.date=2011-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joinfreesat.co.uk%2Fchannel-4-hd-finally-arrives-on-freesat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/spectrum/spectrum-policy-area/projects/dtv/Amendment_to_Determination.pdf">"Amendment to Determination"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ofcom</i>. 21 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430143005/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/spectrum/spectrum-policy-area/projects/dtv/Amendment_to_Determination.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 30 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ofcom&rft.atitle=Amendment+to+Determination&rft.date=2012-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstakeholders.ofcom.org.uk%2Fbinaries%2Fspectrum%2Fspectrum-policy-area%2Fprojects%2Fdtv%2FAmendment_to_Determination.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freeview.co.uk/help/22-jun-2020-channel-broadcast-changes">"Channel Broadcast Changes"</a>. <i>Freesat</i>. 22 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702234843/https://www.freeview.co.uk/help/22-jun-2020-channel-broadcast-changes">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freesat&rft.atitle=Channel+Broadcast+Changes&rft.date=2020-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freeview.co.uk%2Fhelp%2F22-jun-2020-channel-broadcast-changes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freesat.co.uk/news/all4-4hd-leave-freesat/">"C4 HD and All4 to leave Freesat"</a>. <i>Freesat</i>. 20 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180220143353/https://www.freesat.co.uk/news/all4-4hd-leave-freesat/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freesat&rft.atitle=C4+HD+and+All4+to+leave+Freesat&rft.date=2018-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freesat.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fall4-4hd-leave-freesat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cordbusters.co.uk/freesat-channel-4-hd-music-channels/">"Freesat Gets 6 New Channels, Including Channel 4 HD"</a>. <i>Cord Busters</i>. 8 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211208154527/https://www.cordbusters.co.uk/freesat-channel-4-hd-music-channels/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cord+Busters&rft.atitle=Freesat+Gets+6+New+Channels%2C+Including+Channel+4+HD&rft.date=2021-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cordbusters.co.uk%2Ffreesat-channel-4-hd-music-channels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lyngsat.com/tvchannels/uk/Channel-4-South-and-East.html">"Channel 4 South & East – LyngSat"</a>. LyngSat<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Channel+4+Northern+Ireland+%E2%80%93+LyngSat&rft.pub=LyngSat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lyngsat.com%2Ftvchannels%2Fuk%2FChannel-4-Northern-Ireland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forums.digitalspy.com/discussion/2385132/">"Channel 4 on 104 — Digital Spy"</a>. <i>Digital Spy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Spy&rft.atitle=Channel+4+on+104+%E2%80%94+Digital+Spy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforums.digitalspy.com%2Fdiscussion%2F2385132%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4Tel-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-4Tel_168-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-4Tel_168-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teletext.mb21.co.uk/gallery/ancillary/c4-s4c/index.shtml">"Ancillary Teletext Services"</a>. MB21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160802142356/http://www.teletext.mb21.co.uk/gallery/ancillary/c4-s4c/index.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancillary+Teletext+Services&rft.pub=MB21&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteletext.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fancillary%2Fc4-s4c%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/text-services-shake-up/">"Text services shake-up"</a>. <i>Press Gazette</i>. 2 October 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210811163648/https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/text-services-shake-up/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Teletext+news+to+be+pulled+from+TV&rft.date=2009-07-16&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2009%2Fjul%2F16%2Fteletext-to-be-pulled-tv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChannel+4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_4&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <div 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Template:Channel Four Television Corporation"><abbr title="View this 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href="/wiki/List_of_Channel_4_television_programmes" title="List of Channel 4 television programmes">Programmes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4seven" title="4seven">4seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E4_Extra" title="E4 Extra">E4 Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Former channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4Music" title="4Music">4Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Box_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="The Box (British and Irish TV channel)">The Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_Hits" title="Box Hits">Box Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_Upfront" title="Box Upfront">Box Upfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hits" title="The Hits">The Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!_TV" title="Kerrang! TV">Kerrang! TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_TV" title="Kiss TV">Kiss TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(TV_channel)" title="Magic (TV channel)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_TV" title="Q TV">Q TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Online services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(VoD_service)" title="Channel 4 (VoD service)">Channel 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Presents" title="Walter Presents">Walter Presents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation#Channel4.com" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel4.com</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Box_Plus_Network" title="The Box Plus Network">The Box Plus Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_Radio" title="Channel 4 Radio">Channel 4 Radio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4_Digital_Group" title="4 Digital Group">4 Digital Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film4_Productions" title="Film4 Productions">Film4 Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Schools" title="ITV Schools">ITV Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">UKIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Channel_4" title="Timeline of Channel 4">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_sport_on_Channel_4" title="Timeline of sport on Channel 4">Sport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_idents_and_presentation" title="Channel 4 idents and presentation">Channel 4 idents and presentation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Channel_4" title="Category:Channel 4">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Template:Department for Culture, Media and Sport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Template talk:Department for Culture, Media and Sport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Department for Culture, Media and Sport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Headquarters: <a href="/wiki/Government_Offices_Great_George_Street" title="Government Offices Great George Street">100 Parliament Street</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport#Ministers" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Nandy" title="Lisa Nandy">Lisa Nandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">Minister of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_Creative_Industries,_Arts_and_Tourism" title="Minister of State for Creative Industries, Arts and Tourism">Minister of State for Creative Industries, Arts and Tourism</a>:</b></i> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Bryant" title="Chris Bryant">Chris Bryant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State">Under-Secretaries<br />of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Sport,_Media,_Civil_Society_and_Youth" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Media, Civil Society and Youth">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Media, Civil Society and Youth</a>:</b></i> <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Peacock" title="Stephanie Peacock">Stephanie Peacock</a></li> <li><i><b>Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Gambling:</b></i> <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Twycross,_Baroness_Twycross" title="Fiona Twycross, Baroness Twycross">The Baroness Twycross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-ministerial_government_department" title="Non-ministerial government department">Non-ministerial<br />departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Charity Commission">Charity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">National Archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">Non-departmental<br />public bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advisory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Council_on_National_Records_and_Archives" title="Advisory Council on National Records and Archives">Advisory Council on National Records and Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reviewing_Committee_on_the_Export_of_Works_of_Art" title="Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art">Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art and Objects of Cultural Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatres_Trust" title="Theatres Trust">Theatres Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valuation_Committee" title="Treasure Valuation Committee">Treasure Valuation Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_Council_England" title="Arts Council England">Arts Council England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_Commission" title="Gambling Commission">Gambling Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horserace_Betting_Levy_Board" title="Horserace Betting Levy Board">Horserace Betting Levy Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_Memorial_Fund" title="National Heritage Memorial Fund">National Heritage Memorial Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Lottery_Community_Fund" title="National Lottery Community Fund">National Lottery Community Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_England" title="Sport England">Sport England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_Grounds_Safety_Authority" title="Sports Grounds Safety Authority">Sports Grounds Safety Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Anti-Doping" title="UK Anti-Doping">UK Anti-Doping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Sport" title="UK Sport">UK Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisitBritain" title="VisitBritain">VisitBritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisitEngland" title="VisitEngland">VisitEngland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horniman_Museum" title="Horniman Museum">Horniman Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Home" title="Museum of the Home">Museum of the Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museums" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial War Museums">Imperial War Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museums_Liverpool" title="National Museums Liverpool">National Museums Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Armouries" title="Royal Armouries">Royal Armouries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_Greenwich" title="Royal Museums Greenwich">Royal Museums Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_Group" title="Science Museum Group">Science Museum Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Soane%27s_Museum" title="Sir John Soane's Museum">Sir John Soane's Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate" title="Tate">Tate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Collection" title="Wallace Collection">Wallace Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribunal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Horserace_Betting_Levy_Appeal_Tribunal" title="Horserace Betting Levy Appeal Tribunal">Horserace Betting Levy Appeal Tribunal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Conservation_Trust" title="Churches Conservation Trust">Churches Conservation Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Royal_Palaces" title="Historic Royal Palaces">Historic Royal Palaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Citizen_Service" title="National Citizen Service">National Citizen Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C Authority</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Parks" title="The Royal Parks">The Royal Parks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Category:Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Television_in_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_in_Scotland" title="Template:Television in Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Television_in_Scotland" title="Template talk:Television in Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Television_in_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Television in Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Television_in_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Scotland" title="Television in Scotland">Television in Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_One_Scotland" title="BBC One Scotland">BBC One Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">BBC Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">STV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grampian_Television" title="Grampian Television">STV North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Television" title="Scottish Television">STV Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)#STV_HD" title="STV (TV channel)">STV HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">ITV1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV_Border" title="ITV Border">ITV Border</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV1_HD" title="ITV1 HD">ITV1 HD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gaelic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Alba" title="BBC Alba">BBC Alba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Scottish" title="Sky Scottish">Sky Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S2_(TV_channel)" title="S2 (TV channel)">S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV2" title="STV2">STV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Edinburgh" title="STV Edinburgh">STV Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Glasgow" title="STV Glasgow">STV Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thistle_TV" title="Thistle TV">Thistle TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_TV" title="Celtic TV">Celtic TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangers_TV" title="Rangers TV">Rangers TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeleG" title="TeleG">TeleG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two_Scotland" title="BBC Two Scotland">BBC Two Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Television_in_Wales" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_in_Wales" title="Template:Television in Wales"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Television_in_Wales" title="Template talk:Television in Wales"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Television_in_Wales" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Television in Wales"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Television_in_Wales" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Wales" title="Television in Wales">Television</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels<br />and<br />services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales" title="BBC Cymru Wales">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_One_Wales" title="BBC One Wales">BBC One Wales</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two_Wales" title="BBC Two Wales">BBC Two Wales</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_2W" title="BBC 2W">BBC 2W</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/ITV_Cymru_Wales" title="ITV Cymru Wales">ITV Cymru Wales</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Wales_West_and_North_Television" title="Wales West and North Television">WWN</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Television_Wales_and_the_West" title="Television Wales and the West">TWW</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Service_for_Wales_and_the_West" title="Independent Television Service for Wales and the West">ITSWW</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV_Wales_%26_West" title="ITV Wales & West">Harlech/HTV/ITV Wales & West</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cyw" title="Cyw">Cyw</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stwnsh" title="Stwnsh">Stwnsh</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Sbectel" title="Sbectel">Sbectel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Planed_Plant" title="Planed Plant">Planed Plant</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S4C_Dau" title="S4C Dau">S4C2</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Roath Lock</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Cardiff" title="Broadcasting House, Cardiff">Broadcasting House, Cardiff</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Upper_Boat_Studios" title="Upper Boat Studios">Upper Boat Studios</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transmitters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arfon_transmitting_station" title="Arfon transmitting station">Arfon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaenplwyf_transmitting_station" title="Blaenplwyf transmitting station">Blaenplwyf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel_transmitting_station" title="Carmel transmitting station">Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilvey_Hill_transmitting_station" title="Kilvey Hill transmitting station">Kilvey Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanddona_transmitting_station" title="Llanddona transmitting station">Llanddona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Mountain_transmitting_station" title="Long Mountain transmitting station">Long Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moel-y-Parc_transmitting_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Moel-y-Parc transmitting station">Moel-y-Parc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preseli_transmitting_station" title="Preseli transmitting station">Preseli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenvoe_transmitting_station" title="Wenvoe transmitting station">Wenvoe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;text-align:left;background-color:#eee">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Hilary_transmitting_station" title="St Hilary transmitting station">St Hilary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Television_in_Wales" title="Category:Television in Wales">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_television_in_Wales" title="Timeline of television in Wales">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ITV_in_Wales" title="Timeline of ITV in Wales">ITV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass media in the United Kingdom">Media in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="UK_national_newspapers,_magazines,_and_other_periodicals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">UK national newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Newspapers(History,_Circulation)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom">Newspapers</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/History_of_British_newspapers" title="History of British newspapers">History</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_circulation" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation">Circulation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">Broadsheet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_(newspaper)" title="Compact (newspaper)">Compact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/I_(newspaper)" title="I (newspaper)">i</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-market_newspaper" title="Middle-market newspaper">Middle-market</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mail_on_Sunday" title="The Mail on Sunday">The Mail on Sunday</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">Tabloid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mirror" title="Sunday Mirror">Sunday Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)" title="Morning Star (British newspaper)">Morning Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_People" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday People">The Sunday People</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_(United_Kingdom)" title="Daily Star (United Kingdom)">Daily Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_Sunday" title="Daily Star Sunday">Daily Star Sunday</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Sun (United Kingdom)">The Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Sport" title="Sunday Sport">Sunday Sport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weekend_Sport_(tabloid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekend Sport (tabloid)">Weekend Sport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Midweek_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Midweek Sport">Midweek Sport</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines and<br />other periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magazines_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of magazines in the United Kingdom">List of magazines in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magazines_by_circulation#United_Kingdom" title="List of magazines by circulation">List of magazines by circulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Radio_in_the_UK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Radio in the United Kingdom">Radio in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#National_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">National<br />stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1Xtra" title="BBC Radio 1Xtra">BBC Radio 1Xtra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Sports_Extra" title="BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra">BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_6_Music" title="BBC Radio 6 Music">BBC Radio 6 Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Asian_Network" title="BBC Asian Network">BBC Asian Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_National_DAB" title="BBC National DAB">BBC National DAB</a> (multiplex)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_National_Radio" title="Independent National Radio">Independent<br />/ commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Network" title="Absolute Radio Network">Absolute Radio Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Broadcasting_Service" title="British Forces Broadcasting Service">BFBS Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capital_(radio_network)" title="Capital (radio network)">Capital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capital_Xtra" title="Capital Xtra">Capital Xtra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Digital_One" title="Digital One">Digital One</a> (multiplex)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gold_(British_radio_network)" title="Gold (British radio network)">Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heart_(radio_network)" title="Heart (radio network)">Heart</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio" title="Hits Radio">Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jazz_FM_(UK)" title="Jazz FM (UK)">Jazz FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Network" title="Kiss Network">Kiss Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">LBC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LBC_News" title="LBC News">LBC News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magic_Classical" title="Magic Classical">Magic Classical</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Premier_Christian_Radio" title="Premier Christian Radio">Premier Christian Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RNIB_Connect_Radio" title="RNIB Connect Radio">RNIB Connect Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sound_Digital" title="Sound Digital">Sound Digital</a> (multiplex)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Radio_(2014)" title="Smooth Radio (2014)">Smooth Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Talksport" title="Talksport">talkSPORT</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Talkradio" title="Talkradio">TalkRadio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Times_Radio" title="Times Radio">Times Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_Christian_Broadcasters" title="United Christian Broadcasters">UCB UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_UK" title="Virgin Radio UK">Virgin Radio UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Radio_X_(United_Kingdom)" title="Radio X (United Kingdom)">Radio X</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Local_and_regional_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">Regional<br />and local<br />stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#BBC_Local_Radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of BBC Local Radio stations</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland" title="BBC Radio Scotland">BBC Radio Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_G%C3%A0idheal" title="BBC Radio nan Gàidheal">BBC Radio nan Gàidheal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Ulster" title="BBC Radio Ulster">BBC Radio Ulster</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Foyle" title="BBC Radio Foyle">BBC Radio Foyle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Wales" title="BBC Radio Wales">BBC Radio Wales</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru" title="BBC Radio Cymru">BBC Radio Cymru</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru_2" title="BBC Radio Cymru 2">Cymru 2</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Local_Radio" title="Independent Local Radio">Independent<br />/ commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Community_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of community radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Commercial_radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of local commercial radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Semi-national_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of semi-national / regional analogue and digital radio stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Hospital_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of hospital radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pirate radio in the United Kingdom">Pirate radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a> (RSL) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#RSL_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of RSL stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of satellite radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Student_and_schools_radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of student and schools radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="FM broadcasting in the UK">FM broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock10_(television_facility)" title="Dock10 (television facility)">Dock10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Academy" title="Radio Academy">Radio Academy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Academy_Awards" title="Radio Academy Awards">Radio Academy Awards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Independents_Group" title="Radio Independents Group">Radio Independents Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAJAR" title="RAJAR">RAJAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-listened-to_radio_programs" title="List of most-listened-to radio programs">Most listened to programmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television_in_the_UK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Television in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Principalchannels(List)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal<br />channels<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_television_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of television channels in the United Kingdom">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Parliament" title="BBC Parliament">BBC Parliament</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Alba" title="BBC Alba">BBC Alba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">BBC Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">CBBC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">ITV1</a>/<a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">STV</a>/<a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">UTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV2" title="ITV2">ITV2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV3" title="ITV3">ITV3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV4" title="ITV4">ITV4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITVBe" title="ITVBe">ITVBe</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel 4</a>/<a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Channel 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E4_Extra" title="E4 Extra">E4 Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/4seven" title="4seven">4seven</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK & Australia">Paramount</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">Channel 5</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Star" title="5Star">5Star</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5USA" title="5USA">5USA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Select" title="5Select">5Select</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Action" title="5Action">5Action</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(British_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (British TV channel)">Comedy Central</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_Extra" title="Comedy Central Extra">Comedy Central Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Music (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Hits</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_80s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 80s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 80s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_90s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 90s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 90s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicktoons (British TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (British and Irish TV channel)">Nick Jr.</a></dd> <dd>Nick Jr. Too</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Arts" title="Sky Arts">Sky Arts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Atlantic" title="Sky Atlantic">Sky Atlantic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Cinema" title="Sky Cinema">Sky Cinema</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Comedy" title="Sky Comedy">Sky Comedy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Crime" title="Sky Crime">Sky Crime</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Documentaries" title="Sky Documentaries">Sky Documentaries</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_(European_TV_channel)" title="History (European TV channel)">Sky History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H2_(A%26E_Networks)" title="H2 (A&E Networks)">Sky History 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Kids_(TV_channel)" title="Sky Kids (TV channel)">Sky Kids</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Max" title="Sky Max">Sky Max</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Mix" title="Sky Mix">Sky Mix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Nature" title="Sky Nature">Sky Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Replay" title="Sky Replay">Sky Replay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sci-Fi" title="Sky Sci-Fi">Sky Sci-Fi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Showcase" title="Sky Showcase">Sky Showcase</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Box_Office" title="Sky Box Office">Sky Sports Box Office</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_F1" title="Sky Sports F1">Sky Sports F1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_News" title="Sky Sports News">Sky Sports News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_Racing" title="Sky Sports Racing">Sky Sports Racing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports" title="Sky Sports">Sky Sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Witness_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Witness (TV channel)">Sky Witness</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Alibi" title="U&Alibi">U&Alibi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Dave" title="U&Dave">U&Dave</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Drama" title="U&Drama">U&Drama</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Eden" title="U&Eden">U&Eden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Gold" title="U&Gold">U&Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26W" title="U&W">U&W</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Yesterday" title="U&Yesterday">U&Yesterday</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_EMEA" title="Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Planet (British TV channel)">Animal Planet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boomerang_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Boomerang (British and Irish TV channel)">Boomerang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Cartoon Network (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoon Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartoonito_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Cartoonito (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoonito</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Channel (British and Irish TV channel)">Discovery Channel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_History" title="Discovery History">Discovery History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Science_(European_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Science (European TV channel)">Discovery Science</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Turbo" title="Discovery Turbo">Discovery Turbo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/DMAX_(British_TV_channel)" title="DMAX (British TV channel)">DMAX</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_1" title="Eurosport 1">Eurosport 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_2" title="Eurosport 2">Eurosport 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/HGTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="HGTV (British and Irish TV channel)">HGTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Investigation_Discovery_(European_TV_channel)" title="Investigation Discovery (European TV channel)">Investigation Discovery</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quest_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quest (TV channel)">Quest</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quest_Red" title="Quest Red">Quest Red</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Really_(TV_channel)" title="Really (TV channel)">Really</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/TLC_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="TLC (British and Irish TV channel)">TLC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/TNT_Sports_(United_Kingdom)" title="TNT Sports (United Kingdom)">TNT Sports</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Narrative Entertainment UK Limited</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Action" title="Great! Action">Great! Action</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Movies" title="Great! Movies">Great! Movies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Romance" title="Great! Romance">Great! Romance</a></dd> <dd>Great! Real</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_TV" title="Great! TV">Great! TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pop_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Pop (British and Irish TV channel)">Pop</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pop_Max" title="Pop Max">Pop Max</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services<br />and<br />platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">BBC iPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television_by_region#United_Kingdom" title="Cable television by region">cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(VoD_service)" title="Channel 4 (VoD service)">Channel 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital television in the United Kingdom">digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">digital terrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DTT_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of DTT channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EE_TV" title="EE TV">EE TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freely" title="Freely">Freely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freesat%2B" title="Freesat+">Freesat+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-definition television in the United Kingdom">high-definition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HD_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of HD channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITVX" title="ITVX">ITVX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Player" title="STV Player">STV Player</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local television in the United Kingdom">local television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My5" title="My5">My5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_(streaming_service)" title="Now (streaming service)">Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Player" title="Pop Player">Pop Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_television" title="Television in the United Kingdom">satellite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free-to-air_channels_at_Astra_28.2%C2%B0E_(Ireland_and_the_United_Kingdom)" title="List of free-to-air channels at Astra 28.2°E (Ireland and the United Kingdom)">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freesat_from_Sky" title="Freesat from Sky">Freesat from Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Demand_(Sky)" title="On Demand (Sky)">On Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky%2B" title="Sky+">Sky+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky%2B_HD" title="Sky+ HD">Sky+ HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV" title="TalkTalk TV">TalkTalk TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVPlayer" title="TVPlayer">TVPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_(streaming_service)" title="U (streaming service)">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FilmFlex" title="FilmFlex">FilmFlex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TiVo" title="TiVo">TiVo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%2B" title="V+">V+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouView" title="YouView">YouView</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue television in the United Kingdom">analogue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">analogue terrestrial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Store" title="BBC Store">BBC Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV_Store" title="TalkTalk TV Store">TalkTalk TV Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film4oD" title="Film4oD">Film4oD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Digital" title="Real Digital">Real Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Up_TV" title="Top Up TV">Top Up TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_Mills_Studios" title="3 Mills Studios">3 Mills Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Elstree_Centre" title="BBC Elstree Centre">BBC Elstree Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Pacific_Quay" title="BBC Pacific Quay">BBC Pacific Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bottle_Yard_Studios" title="The Bottle Yard Studios">The Bottle Yard Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Belfast" title="Broadcasting House, Belfast">Broadcasting House, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Bristol" title="Broadcasting House, Bristol">Broadcasting House, Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock10_(television_facility)" title="Dock10 (television facility)">Dock10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)" title="Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)">Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Street_Studios" title="Gas Street Studios">Gas Street Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Leeds_Studios" title="The Leeds Studios">The Leeds Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Maidstone_Studios" title="The Maidstone Studios">The Maidstone Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada_Studios" title="Granada Studios">Old Granada Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Studios" title="Riverside Studios">Riverside Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Roath Lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sharp_Project" title="The Sharp Project">The Sharp Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Campus" title="Sky Campus">Sky Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Studios_Manchester" title="Space Studios Manchester">Space Studios Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre, London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Cardiff" title="Broadcasting House, Cardiff">Broadcasting House, Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickenson_Road_Studios" title="Dickenson Road Studios">Dickenson Road Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_Studios" title="Fountain Studios">Fountain Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hospital_Club" title="The Hospital Club">The Hospital Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_Grove_Studios" title="Lime Grove Studios">Lime Grove Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Studios" title="Limehouse Studios">Limehouse Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_London_Studios" title="The London Studios">The London Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM-British_Studios" title="MGM-British Studios">MGM-British Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Broadcasting_House,_Manchester" title="New Broadcasting House, Manchester">New Broadcasting House, Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Mill_Studios" title="Pebble Mill Studios">Pebble Mill Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddington_Studios" title="Teddington Studios">Teddington Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne">Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_Southampton" title="Television Centre, Southampton">Television Centre, Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Boat_Studios" title="Upper Boat Studios">Upper Boat Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Television in Northern Ireland">Television in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Scotland" title="Television in Scotland">in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Wales" title="Television in Wales">in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_TV_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of former TV channels in the United Kingdom">Defunct channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Television_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Television Festival">Edinburgh International Television Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#History" title="Television in the United Kingdom">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_British_television" title="List of years in British television">List of years</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of television stations in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Viewing_statistics" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Viewing statistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_watched_television_broadcasts#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most watched television broadcasts">Most-watched broadcasts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Companies_and_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies and organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascential" title="Ascential">Ascential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banijay_UK_Productions" title="Banijay UK Productions">Banijay UK Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Bauer Media Audio UK">Bauer Media Audio UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail_and_General_Trust" title="Daily Mail and General Trust">Daily Mail and General Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentsu_International" title="Dentsu International">Dentsu International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economist_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Economist Group">Economist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMI_Music_Publishing" title="EMI Music Publishing">EMI Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Media_%26_Entertainment" title="Global Media & Entertainment">Global Media & Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Media_Group" title="Haymarket Media Group">Haymarket Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITN" title="ITN">ITN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narrative_Capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narrative Capital (page does not exist)">Narrative Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_World" title="National World">National World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Broadcasting" title="News Broadcasting">News Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_UK" title="News UK">News UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsquest" title="Newsquest">Newsquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_%26_Shell" title="Northern & Shell">Northern & Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearson_plc" title="Pearson plc">Pearson plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Holdings" title="Press Holdings">Press Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reach_plc" title="Reach plc">Reach plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELX" title="RELX">RELX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syco" class="mw-redirect" title="Syco">Syco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Group" title="TalkTalk Group">TalkTalk Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK & Australia">Paramount Networks UK & Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company (UK) Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_EMEA" title="Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA">Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arqiva" title="Arqiva">Arqiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_book_publishers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of largest book publishers of the United Kingdom">List of largest UK book publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government and<br />regulatory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)" title="Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)">Advertising Standards Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a> (formerly: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Trust" title="BBC Trust">BBC Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Governors_of_the_BBC" title="Board of Governors of the BBC">Board of Governors of the BBC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture,_Media_and_Sport_Committee" title="Culture, Media and Sport Committee">Culture, Media, and Sport Select Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Press_Standards_Organisation" title="Independent Press Standards Organisation">Independent Press Standards Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Recognition_Panel" title="Press Recognition Panel">Press Recognition Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry and<br />trades bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">British Phonographic Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting,_Entertainment,_Cinematograph_and_Theatre_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union">Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearcast" title="Clearcast">Clearcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_TV_Group" title="Digital TV Group">Digital TV Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity (trade union)">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyone_TV" title="Everyone TV">Everyone TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_Against_Copyright_Theft" title="Federation Against Copyright Theft">Federation Against Copyright Theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Publishers_Guild" title="Independent Publishers Guild">Independent Publishers Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Journalists" title="National Union of Journalists">National Union of Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Publishers_Association" title="The Publishers Association">The Publishers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Television_Society" title="Royal Television Society">Royal Television Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Academy" title="BBC Academy">BBC Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_and_Television_School" title="National Film and Television School">National Film and Television School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_and_Media_Museum" title="National Science and Media Museum">National Science and Media Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Regional_and_student_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regional and student media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Media in England <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Birmingham" title="Media in Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_London" title="Media in London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Manchester" title="Media in Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Scotland" title="Media of Scotland">Media in Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Aberdeen" title="Media in Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Dundee" title="Media in Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Glasgow" title="Media in Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Wales" title="Media of Wales">Media in Wales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Cardiff" title="Media in Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Student media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_student_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of student newspapers in the United Kingdom">Student press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Mass media in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Television_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_and_Northern_Ireland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_in_Ireland" title="Template:Television in Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Television_in_Ireland" title="Template talk:Television in Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Television_in_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Television in Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Television_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_and_Northern_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Television in the Republic of Ireland">Television in the Republic of Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Television in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terrestrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="ROI" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Television in the Republic of Ireland">ROI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_One" title="RTÉ One">RTÉ One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%892" title="RTÉ2">RTÉ2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li>TG4+1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%BAla4" title="Cúla4">Cúla4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_One" title="Virgin Media One">Virgin Media One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Two" title="Virgin Media Two">Virgin Media Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Three" title="Virgin Media Three">Virgin Media Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Four" title="Virgin Media Four">Virgin Media Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89jr" title="RTÉjr">RTÉjr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_One" title="RTÉ One">RTÉ One +1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%892" title="RTÉ2">RTÉ2 +1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News_(TV_channel)" title="RTÉ News (TV channel)">RTÉ News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas_TV" title="Oireachtas TV">Oireachtas TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">NI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_One_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC One Northern Ireland">BBC One Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two_Northern_Ireland" title="BBC Two Northern Ireland">BBC Two Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">UTV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Channel 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">Channel 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">HD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>BBC One Northern Ireland HD</li> <li>BBC Two Northern Ireland HD</li> <li>UTV HD</li> <li>Channel 4 HD</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cable/satellite</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>TG4 HD</li> <li>Virgin Media One HD</li> <li>Virgin Media Two HD</li> <li>Virgin Media Three HD</li> <li>Virgin Media Four HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_More" title="Virgin Media More">Virgin Media More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_One" title="Virgin Media One">Virgin Media One +1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAAGO" title="GAAGO">GAAGO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_Sports" title="Premier Sports">Premier Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local/community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NVTV" title="NVTV">NVTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Community_Television" title="Dublin Community Television">DCTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_Community_TV" title="Cork Community TV">Cork Community TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News_(TV_channel)" title="RTÉ News (TV channel)">RTÉ News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">www.tg4.tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4 +1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4 +2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video on demand (VoD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_player" class="mw-redirect" title="RTÉ player">RTÉ player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4#TG4_on_demand" title="TG4">TG4 Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Play" title="Virgin Media Play">Virgin Media Play</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future/planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Irish Film Channel</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_Hits" title="Bubble Hits">Bubble Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_News_Ireland" title="Sky News Ireland">Sky News Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzz_TV" title="Buzz TV">Buzz TV</a></li> <li>Smile TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Channel_Dublin" title="City Channel Dublin">City Channel Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Channel#City_Channel_Galway" title="City Channel">City Channel Galway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_South" title="Channel South">Channel South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E!_(Europe)" class="mw-redirect" title="E! (Europe)">E!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_TV" title="Irish TV">Irish TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eir_Sport_1" title="Eir Sport 1">Eir Sport 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eir_Sport_2" title="Eir Sport 2">Eir Sport 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_One" title="Sky One">Sky One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Replay" title="Sky Replay">Sky Replay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Music (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Music Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Irish opt-out feeds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great!_TV" title="Great! TV">Great! TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great!_Movies" title="Great! Movies">Great! Movies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Crime_(AMC_Networks)" title="True Crime (AMC Networks)">True Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Crime_Xtra" title="True Crime Xtra">True Crime Xtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_(television_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legend (television channel)">Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HGTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="HGTV (British and Irish TV channel)">HGTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Showcase" title="Sky Showcase">Sky Showcase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Witness" title="Sky Witness">Sky Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Atlantic" title="Sky Atlantic">Sky Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Arts" title="Sky Arts">Sky Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Comedy" title="Sky Comedy">Sky Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Crime" title="Sky Crime">Sky Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Documentaries" title="Sky Documentaries">Sky Documentaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky History">Sky History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Mix" title="Sky Mix">Sky Mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Nature" title="Sky Nature">Sky Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports" title="Sky Sports">Sky Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_News" title="Sky Sports News">Sky Sports News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nicktoons (British and Irish TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (British and Irish TV channel)">Nick Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._Too" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Jr. Too">Nick Jr. Too</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(British_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (British TV channel)">Comedy Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLC_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="TLC (British and Irish TV channel)">TLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Alibi" title="U&Alibi">U&Alibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Dave" title="U&Dave">U&Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Gold" title="U&Gold">U&Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26W" title="U&W">U&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Channel (British and Irish TV channel)">Discovery Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigation_Discovery" title="Investigation Discovery">Investigation Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Freeview" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Freeview" title="Template:Freeview"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Freeview" title="Template talk:Freeview"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Freeview" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Freeview"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Freeview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4seven" title="4seven">4seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5Action" title="5Action">5Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5Select" title="5Select">5Select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5Star" title="5Star">5Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5USA" title="5USA">5USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arise_News" title="Arise News">Arise News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_One_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC One HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Two HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Three_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Three HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Four_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Four HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Alba" title="BBC Alba">BBC Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">BBC Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Parliament" title="BBC Parliament">BBC Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaze_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blaze (TV channel)">Blaze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaze_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blaze (TV channel)">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">CBBC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Channel 4</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 4 HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">Channel 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMAX_(British_TV_channel)" title="DMAX (British TV channel)">DMAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E4_Extra" title="E4 Extra">E4 Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_News" title="GB News">GB News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gems_TV" title="Gems TV">Gems TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great!_TV" title="Great! TV">Great! TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great!_TV" title="Great! TV">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great!_Action" title="Great! Action">Great! Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great!_Movies" title="Great! Movies">Great! Movies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great!_Movies" title="Great! Movies">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great!_Romance" title="Great! Romance">Great! Romance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great!_Romance" title="Great! Romance">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HGTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="HGTV (British and Irish TV channel)">HGTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideal_World" title="Ideal World">Ideal World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">ITV1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV1_HD" title="ITV1 HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV2" title="ITV2">ITV2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV2" title="ITV2">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV3" title="ITV3">ITV3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV3" title="ITV3">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV4" title="ITV4">ITV4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITVBe" title="ITVBe">ITVBe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TJC_(TV_channel)" title="TJC (TV channel)">The Jewellery Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_(television_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legend (television channel)">Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_America" title="PBS America">PBS America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Pop (British and Irish TV channel)">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Max" title="Pop Max">Pop Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Player" title="Pop Player">Pop Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(British_TV_channel)" title="Quest (British TV channel)">Quest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(British_TV_channel)" title="Quest (British TV channel)">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_Red" title="Quest Red">Quest Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QVC_(British_TV_channel)" title="QVC (British TV channel)">QVC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QVC_(British_TV_channel)" title="QVC (British TV channel)">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QVC_(British_TV_channel)#QVC2" title="QVC (British TV channel)">QVC2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_(TV_channel)" title="Really (TV channel)">Really</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_One" title="RTÉ One">RTÉ One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%892" title="RTÉ2">RTÉ2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Arts" title="Sky Arts">Sky Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Mix" title="Sky Mix">Sky Mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">STV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Pictures_TV" title="Talking Pictures TV">Talking Pictures TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">TBN UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV" title="That's TV">That's TV UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV_2" class="mw-redirect" title="That's TV 2">That's TV 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV#Music_channels" title="That's TV">That's Melody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV#Music_channels" title="That's TV">That's Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV#Music_channels" title="That's TV">That's TV 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Together_TV" title="Together TV">Together TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Crime_(AMC_Networks)" title="True Crime (AMC Networks)">True Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Crime_Xtra" title="True Crime Xtra">True Crime Xtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Dave" title="U&Dave">U&Dave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U%26Dave" title="U&Dave">ja vu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Drama" title="U&Drama">U&Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U%26Drama" title="U&Drama">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Eden" title="U&Eden">U&Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26W" title="U&W">U&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Yesterday" title="U&Yesterday">U&Yesterday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U%26Yesterday" title="U&Yesterday">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">UTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">HD</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Asian_Network" title="BBC Asian Network">BBC Asian Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1Xtra" title="BBC Radio 1Xtra">BBC Radio 1Xtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Sports_Extra" title="BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra">BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_6_Music" title="BBC Radio 6 Music">BBC Radio 6 Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru" title="BBC Radio Cymru">BBC Radio Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru_2" title="BBC Radio Cymru 2">BBC Radio Cymru 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Foyle" title="BBC Radio Foyle">BBC Radio Foyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_G%C3%A0idheal" title="BBC Radio nan Gàidheal">BBC Radio nan Gàidheal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland" title="BBC Radio Scotland">BBC Radio Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Ulster" title="BBC Radio Ulster">BBC Radio Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Wales" title="BBC Radio Wales">BBC Radio Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(radio_network)" title="Capital (radio network)">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_(radio_network)" title="Heart (radio network)">Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">LBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_Christian_Radio" title="Premier Christian Radio">Premier Christian Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNIB_Connect_Radio" title="RNIB Connect Radio">RNIB Connect Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Raidi%C3%B3_na_Gaeltachta" title="RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta">RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Radio_(2014)" title="Smooth Radio (2014)">Smooth Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talksport" title="Talksport">Talksport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWR-UK" title="TWR-UK">Trans World Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Latest TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Television_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Television Limited">Local Television Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Live_(TV_channel)" title="London Live (TV channel)">London Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notts_TV" title="Notts TV">Notts TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVTV" title="NVTV">NVTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Live" title="Sheffield Live">Sheffield Live TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV" title="That's TV">That's TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streamed channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Channelbox (<a href="/wiki/Africanews" title="Africanews">Africanews</a>/<a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a>/<a href="/wiki/FashionTV" title="FashionTV">FashionTV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Qello" title="Qello">Qello</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hellenic_TV" title="Hellenic TV">Hellenic TV</a>)</li> <li>On Demand 365</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_TV_Network" title="Vision TV Network">Vision TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brit_Asia_TV" title="Brit Asia TV">Brit Asia TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spotlight_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Spotlight TV">Spotlight TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sports_Tonight_Live" title="Sports Tonight Live">Sports Tonight</a>/<a href="/wiki/Three_Angels_Broadcasting_Network" title="Three Angels Broadcasting Network">3ABN</a>/<a href="/wiki/JML_Direct_TV" title="JML Direct TV">JML Direct</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue television in the United Kingdom">Analogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">Analogue terrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television#United_Kingdom" title="Cable television">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital television in the United Kingdom">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">Digital terrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-definition television in the United Kingdom">High-definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPTV" class="mw-redirect" title="IPTV">IPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_television" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Satellite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Freeview_UK" title="History of Freeview UK">History of Freeview UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nippon_News_Network_/_Nippon_TV_Network_System" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E49494;background:#CC2A2B;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NNN/NNS" title="Template:NNN/NNS"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NNN/NNS" title="Template talk:NNN/NNS"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NNN/NNS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NNN/NNS"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nippon_News_Network_/_Nippon_TV_Network_System" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nippon_News_Network" title="Nippon News Network"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Nippon News Network</span></a> / <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Television_Network_System" title="Nippon Television Network System"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Nippon TV Network System</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E49494"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_NNN_and_NNS_affiliates" title="List of NNN and NNS affiliates">List of affiliates</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E49494;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaidō</a> & <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_region" title="Tōhoku region">Tōhoku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sapporo_Television_Broadcasting" title="Sapporo Television Broadcasting">STV Sapporo TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aomori_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Aomori Broadcasting Corporation">RAB Aomori Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akita_Broadcasting_System" title="Akita Broadcasting System">ABS Akita Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamagata_Broadcasting_Company" title="Yamagata Broadcasting Company">YBC Yamagata Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Iwate" title="Television Iwate">TVI TV Iwate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyagi_Television_Broadcasting" title="Miyagi Television Broadcasting">MMT Miyagi TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Central_Television" title="Fukushima Central Television">FCT Fukushima Central TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E49494;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kantō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shin%27etsu_region" title="Shin'etsu region">Shin'etsu</a> & <a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture" title="Shizuoka Prefecture">Shizuoka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Television" title="Nippon Television">Nippon Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamanashi_Broadcasting_System" title="Yamanashi Broadcasting System">YBS Yamanashi Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Shinshu" title="TV Shinshu">TSB TV Shinshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Niigata_Network" title="Television Niigata Network">TeNY TV Niigata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_Daiichi_Television" title="Shizuoka Daiichi Television">SDT Shizuoka Daiichi TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E49494;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kansai_region" title="Kansai region">Kinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Chūkyō Metropolitan Area">Chūkyō</a> & <a href="/wiki/Hokuriku_region" title="Hokuriku region">Hokuriku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yomiuri_Telecasting_Corporation" title="Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation">ytv Yomiuri TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_Television_Broadcasting" title="Chūkyō Television Broadcasting">CTV Chukyo TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitanihon_Broadcasting" title="Kitanihon Broadcasting">KNB Kitanihon Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Kanazawa" title="TV Kanazawa">KTK TV Kanazawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukui_Broadcasting" title="Fukui Broadcasting">FBC Fukui Broadcasting</a> <sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E49494;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_region" title="Chūgoku region">Chūgoku</a> & <a href="/wiki/Shikoku" title="Shikoku">Shikoku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nihonkai_Telecasting" title="Nihonkai Telecasting">NKT Nihonkai Telecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishinippon_Broadcasting" title="Nishinippon Broadcasting">RNC Nishinippon Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikoku_Broadcasting" title="Shikoku Broadcasting">JRT Shikoku Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nankai_Broadcasting" title="Nankai Broadcasting">RNB Nankai Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Broadcasting" title="Kochi Broadcasting">RKC Kochi Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Telecasting" title="Hiroshima Telecasting">HTV Hiroshima TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamaguchi_Broadcasting" title="Yamaguchi Broadcasting">KRY Yamaguchi Broadcasting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E49494;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyūshū</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Fukuoka Broadcasting Corporation">FBS Fukuoka Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasaki_International_Television" title="Nagasaki International Television">NIB Nagasaki International TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumamoto_Kenmin_Televisions" title="Kumamoto Kenmin Televisions">KKT Kumamoto Kenmin Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Oita_System" title="Television Oita System">TOS TV Oita</a> <sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Miyazaki" title="TV Miyazaki">UMK TV Miyazaki</a> <sup>1, 2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_Yomiuri_Television" title="Kagoshima Yomiuri Television">KYT Kagoshima Yomiuri Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E49494;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ni-Tele_Really_Big_Clock" title="Ni-Tele Really Big Clock">Ni-Tele Really Big Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nittele_Tower" title="Nittele Tower">Nittele Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E49494;text-align:left;"><div><sup>1</sup> Also affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/All-Nippon_News_Network" title="All-Nippon News Network">All-Nippon News Network</a><br /> <sup>2</sup> Also affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Fuji_News_Network" title="Fuji News Network">Fuji News Network</a><br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Emmy_Founders_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #F9EFAA;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Emmy_Founders_Award" title="Template:International Emmy Founders Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Emmy_Founders_Award" title="Template talk:International Emmy Founders Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Emmy_Founders_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Emmy Founders Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Emmy_Founders_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Emmy_Founders_Award" title="International Emmy Founders Award">International Emmy Founders Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roone_Arledge" title="Roone Arledge">Roone Arledge</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Sutton" title="Shaun Sutton">Shaun Sutton</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Landon" title="Michael Landon">Michael Landon</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brodkin" title="Herbert Brodkin">Herbert Brodkin</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_L._Wolper" title="David L. Wolper">David L. Wolper</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Taffner" title="Donald L. Taffner">Donald L. Taffner</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goar_Mestre" title="Goar Mestre">Goar Mestre</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fox_(television_executive)" title="Paul Fox (television executive)">Paul Fox</a> (1989)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cowell" title="Adrian Cowell">Adrian Cowell</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dunn_(television_executive)" title="Richard Dunn (television executive)">Richard Dunn</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Film on Four</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Don_Hewitt" title="Don Hewitt">Don Hewitt</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reg_Grundy" title="Reg Grundy">Reg Grundy</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jac_Venza" title="Jac Venza">Jac Venza</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Halmi" title="Robert Halmi">Robert Halmi Sr.</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hisashi_Hieda" title="Hisashi Hieda">Hisashi Hieda</a> (1999)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hendricks" title="John Hendricks">John Hendricks</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lescure" title="Pierre Lescure">Pierre Lescure</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Stringer" title="Howard Stringer">Howard Stringer</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MTV_International" title="MTV International">MTV International</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Wolf" title="Dick Wolf">Dick Wolf</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a> (2009)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cowell" title="Simon Cowell">Simon Cowell</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Lythgoe" title="Nigel Lythgoe">Nigel Lythgoe</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Alda" title="Alan Alda">Alan Alda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Murphy_(producer)" title="Ryan Murphy (producer)">Ryan Murphy</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Abrams" title="J. J. Abrams">J. J. Abrams</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Weiner" title="Matthew Weiner">Matthew Weiner</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fellowes" title="Julian Fellowes">Julian Fellowes</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shonda_Rhimes" title="Shonda Rhimes">Shonda Rhimes</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">No Award (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Berlanti" title="Greg Berlanti">Greg Berlanti</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Benioff" title="David Benioff">David Benioff</a> / <a href="/wiki/D._B._Weiss" title="D. B. Weiss">D. B. Weiss</a> (2019)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><s><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a></s> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ava_DuVernay" title="Ava DuVernay">Ava DuVernay</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Armstrong" title="Jesse Armstrong">Jesse Armstrong</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_E._Kelley" title="David E. Kelley">David E. 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