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Bluebook — Wikipédia
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Disponible en 9 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%82" title="الكتاب الأزرق – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكتاب الأزرق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%82" title="الكتاب الازرق – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكتاب الازرق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebook" title="Bluebook – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bluebook" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebook" title="Bluebook – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bluebook" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="کتابآبی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتابآبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%A3%A8%EB%B6%81" title="블루북 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="블루북" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebook" title="Bluebook – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bluebook" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebook" title="Bluebook – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bluebook" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E7%9A%AE%E4%B9%A6" title="蓝皮书 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蓝皮书" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8026#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bluebook&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Bluebook" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Bluebook" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li 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</div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8026" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:P_parthenon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/39px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="39" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/59px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/78px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant le <a href="/wiki/Droit" title="Droit">droit</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <p><i><b>The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation</b></i> (communément appelé <i>Blue Book</i> ou <i>Harvard Citator</i><sup id="cite_ref-Cooper198221_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper198221-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) est un guide de style qui prescrit le système de citation juridique le plus utilisé aux États-Unis. Il est enseigné et utilisé dans la majorité des facultés de droit américaines et dans la majorité des tribunaux fédéraux. Les éditeurs juridiques utilisent également plusieurs styles de citation « maison » dans leurs ouvrages. </p><p>Bien que les avis divergent quant à son origine dans les facultés de droit de Yale et de Harvard, cette dernière revendiquant depuis longtemps son mérite<sup id="cite_ref-Liptak_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liptak-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>; <i>The Bluebook</i> est compilé par la <i>Harvard Law Review</i> Association, la <i>Columbia Law Review</i>, le <i>Yale Law Journal</i>, et la <i>University of Pennsylvania Law Review</i>. Il en est actuellement à sa <abbr class="abbr" title="Vingt et unième">21<sup>e</sup></abbr> édition (publiée en juillet 2020). Son nom a été utilisé pour la première fois pour la <abbr class="abbr" title="Sixième">6<sup>e</sup></abbr> édition (1939).<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper198221_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper198221-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Cour suprême utilise son propre style de citation dans ses avis, même si la plupart des juges et de leurs assistants ont suivi leur formation juridique dans des facultés de droit qui utilisent <i>The Bluebook</i><sup id="cite_ref-Salmon1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salmon1-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En outre, de nombreux tribunaux d'État ont leurs propres règles de citation qui prévalent sur le guide pour les documents déposés auprès de ces tribunaux. Certaines de ces règles locales sont de simples modifications du système du <i>The Bluebook</i>. La Cour suprême du Delaware a promulgué des règles de citation pour les affaires non publiées qui diffèrent sensiblement de ses normes, et la coutume dans cet État quant au format de citation du Delaware Uniform Citation code<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> diffère également de celui-ci<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans d'autres États, les règles locales diffèrent du <i>The Bluebook</i> en ce sens qu'elles utilisent leurs propres guides de style. Les avocats de ces États doivent pouvoir passer sans problème d'un style de citation à l'autre, selon que leur travail est destiné à un tribunal fédéral ou à un tribunal d'État. La Californie a autorisé les citations dans le Bluebook ainsi que dans son propre manuel de style<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, mais de nombreux praticiens et tribunaux continuent de recommander le <i>California Style Manual</i><sup id="cite_ref-Salmon2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salmon2-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Une version du <i>The Bluebook</i> accessible par abonnement en ligne a été lancée en 2008<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Une version mobile a été lancée en 2012 dans le cadre de l'application Rulebook, qui permet aux professionnels du droit d'accéder aux règles, codes et manuels de style des tribunaux fédéraux ou d'État sur l'iPad et d'autres appareils mobiles<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bluebook&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bluebook&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cooper198221-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cooper198221_1-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper198221_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Cooper_1982">Cooper 1982</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 21. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liptak-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Liptak_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Liptak, Adam <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/08/us/politics/yale-finds-error-in-legal-stylebook-harvard-did-not-create-it.html">"Yale Finds Error in Legal Stylebook: Harvard Did Not Create It"</a> <i>The New York Times</i>, December 7, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salmon1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Salmon1_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Salmon2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Susie_Salmon2016">Susie <span class="nom_auteur">Salmon</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Shedding the Uniform: Beyond 'A Uniform System of Citation' to a More Efficient Fit</cite> », <i>Marquette University</i>, Milwaukee, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 99,‎ <time>2016</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 792 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5289&context=mulr">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-04-28" data-sort-value="2017-04-28">28 avril 2017</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shedding+the+Uniform%3A+Beyond+%27A+Uniform+System+of+Citation%27+to+a+More+Efficient+Fit&rft.jtitle=Marquette+University&rft.aulast=Salmon&rft.aufirst=Susie&rft.date=2016&rft.volume=99&rft.pages=792&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.marquette.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D5289%26context%3Dmulr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABluebook"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Rohrbacher, Blake <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://courts.delaware.gov/superior/pdf/de_uniform_citation_2008.pdf">"Delaware Uniform Citation"</a> 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://courts.delaware.gov/forms/download.aspx?id=39368">Rule 14(g)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190900/http://courts.delaware.gov/forms/download.aspx?id=39368">archivé</a> le 3 mars 2016 à la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Rules of the Supreme Court of the State of Delaware</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Cal. Rule of Court 1.200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salmon2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Salmon2_7-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Salmon2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Susie_Salmon2016">Susie <span class="nom_auteur">Salmon</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Shedding the Uniform: Beyond 'A Uniform System of Citation' to a More Efficient Fit</cite> », <i>Marquette University</i>, Milwaukee, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 99,‎ <time>2016</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 791 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5289&context=mulr">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-04-28" data-sort-value="2017-04-28">28 avril 2017</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shedding+the+Uniform%3A+Beyond+%27A+Uniform+System+of+Citation%27+to+a+More+Efficient+Fit&rft.jtitle=Marquette+University&rft.aulast=Salmon&rft.aufirst=Susie&rft.date=2016&rft.volume=99&rft.pages=791&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.marquette.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D5289%26context%3Dmulr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABluebook"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009085954/http://www.law.yale.edu/news/6288.htm">The Bluebook Legal Citation Guide Now Available Online</a></i>, <span class="petites_capitales" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Yale Law School</span>, (Feb. 22, 2008) (archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.yale.edu/news/6288.htm">original</a> Oct. 9, 2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="petites_capitales" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Law Librarianship in the Digital Age</span> 142 (Ellyssa Kroski ed. 2013); Gabriella Khorasanee, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131206163441/https://blogs.findlaw.com/technologist/2013/08/theres-an-app-for-that-top-10-apps-for-law-students.html?DCMP=NWL-pro_top">There's An App For That: Top 10 Apps for Law Students</a></i>, <span class="petites_capitales" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Findlaw.com</span>, (Aug. 23, 2013) (archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.findlaw.com/technologist/2013/08/theres-an-app-for-that-top-10-apps-for-law-students.html?DCMP=NWL-pro_top">original</a> Dec. 6, 2013).</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bluebook&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Sources" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bluebook&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Sources"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Cooper1982"><span class="ouvrage" id="Byron_D._Cooper1982">Byron D. <span class="nom_auteur">Cooper</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Anglo-American Legal Citation: Historical Development and Library Implications</cite> », <i>Law Library Journal</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 75, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 3,‎ <time>1982</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1745- <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/1745/">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-03-19" data-sort-value="2024-03-19">19 mars 2024</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Anglo-American+Legal+Citation%3A+Historical+Development+and+Library+Implications&rft.jtitle=Law+Library+Journal&rft.issue=3&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Byron+D.&rft.date=1982&rft.volume=75&rft.pages=1745-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repository.law.indiana.edu%2Ffacpub%2F1745%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABluebook"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bluebook&veaction=edit&section=3" 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to legal citation</a>, par Peter W. Martin</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suffolk.edu/law/library/19543.php">A Bluebook Guide for Law Students</a>, par Scott Akehurst-Moore</li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Droit" title="Portail du droit"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/27px-P_parthenon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/40px-P_parthenon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/53px-P_parthenon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Droit" title="Portail:Droit">Portail du droit</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐88l8n Cached time: 20241124145206 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.398 seconds Real time usage: 0.533 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 916/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16474/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 383/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8423/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.314/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9799119/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 512.595 1 -total 62.29% 319.306 1 Modèle:Liens 14.30% 73.312 1 Modèle:Références 13.11% 67.191 1 Modèle:Ébauche 10.13% 51.924 3 Modèle:Article 5.22% 26.743 1 Modèle:Site_officiel 3.94% 20.176 1 Modèle:Portail 2.97% 15.205 1 Modèle:6e 1.95% 9.986 1 Modèle:Dictionnaires 1.61% 8.260 2 Modèle:Sfn --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key frwiki:pcache:idhash:16445307-0!canonical and timestamp 20241124145206 and revision id 219339287. 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