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Basic Legal Citation
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</ul> </li> </ul> <ul id="liinavsoc" class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li> <!-- Go to www.addthis.com/dashboard to customize your tools --> <br> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- /liinavbarstuff --> </nav> </header> <div class="navbar-header"> <button id="iblctoggler" type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#iblcsidenav"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> > </button> <a id="iblcname" class="navbar-brand" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/citation/">Introduction to Basic Legal Citation</a> </div> <!-- /.navbar-header --> <ul class="nav navbar-top-links navbar-right"> <li> <a href="toc"><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>Table of contents</a> </li> <li> <a href="topics"><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>Index</a> </li> <li> <a href="help"><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>Help</a> </li> <!-- <li><a href="#about"><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>About</a> </li> --> <!-- /.dropdown --> <li class="dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"> <em class="fa 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href="#about"><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>About</a> --> <li class="navbartoplinks-formobile"> <a href=""> <em class="fa fa-fw"></em>Resources <em class="fa fa-caret-down"></em> </a> <ul class="nav nav-second-level"> <li> <a href="http://www.access-to-law.com/citation/videos/citing_judicial_opinions.html" target="_blank"><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>Citing Judicial Opinions ... in Brief</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.access-to-law.com/citation/videos/citing_const_statutes.html" target="_blank"><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>Citing Constitutional and Statutory Provisions ... in Brief</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.access-to-law.com/citation/videos/citing_agency_material.htmll" target="_blank"><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>Citing Agency Material ... in Brief</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.legalbluebook.com" target="_blank"><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>The Bluebook</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.alwd.org/publications/citation-manual/" target="_blank"><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>ALWD Citation Manual</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.dropdown-user --> </li> <!-- /.dropdown --> <li class="navbartoplinks-formobile"> <a href=""> <em class="fa fa-fw"></em>eBook<em class="fa fa-caret-down"></em> </a> <ul class="nav nav-second-level"> <li> <a href="basic_legal_citation.pdf"><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>PDF</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.dropdown-user --> </li> <!-- /.dropdown --> </ul> <!-- /.navbar-top-links --> </li> <li> <a href=""><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>WHAT AND WHY?<span class="fa arrow"></span></a> <ul class="nav nav-second-level"> <li> <a href="1-100">Introduction</a> </li> <li> <a href="1-200">Purposes of Legal Citation</a> </li> <li> <a href="1-300">Types of Citation Principles</a> </li> <li> <a href="1-400">Levels of Mastery</a> </li> <li> <a href="1-500">Citation in Transition</a> </li> <li> <a href="1-600">Who Sets Citation Norms</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.nav-second-level --> </li> <!-- <li> <a href="tables.html"><i class="fa fa-table fa-fw"></i> Tables</a> </li> --> <li> <a href=""><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>HOW TO CITE ...<span class="fa arrow"></span></a> <ul class="nav nav-second-level"> <li> <a href="2-100">Electronic Resources</a> </li> <li> <a href="2-200">Judicial Opinions</a> </li> <li> <a href="2-300">Constitutions & Statutes</a> </li> <li> <a href="2-400">Agency & Exec. Material</a> </li> <li> <a href="2-500">Arbitrations</a> </li> <li> <a href="2-600">Court Rules</a> </li> <li> <a href="2-700">Books</a> </li> <li> <a href="2-800">Law Journal Writing</a> </li> <li> <a href="2-900">Case Documents</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.nav-second-level --> </li> <li> <a href=""><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>EXAMPLES – CITATIONS OF ...<span class="fa arrow"></span></a> <ul class="nav nav-second-level"> <li> <a href="3-100">Electronic Resources</a> </li> <li> <a href="3-200">Judicial Opinions</a> </li> <li> <a href="3-300">Constitutions & Statutes</a> </li> <li> <a href="3-400">Agency & Exec. Material</a> </li> <li> <a href="3-500">Arbitrations</a> </li> <li> <a href="3-600">Court Rules</a> </li> <li> <a href="3-700">Books</a> </li> <li> <a href="3-800">Law Journal Writing</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.nav-second-level --> </li> <li> <a href=""><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>ABBREVIATIONS & OMISSIONS USED IN CITATIONS<span class="fa arrow"></span></a> <ul class="nav nav-second-level"> <li> <a href="4-100">Words in Case Names</a> </li> <li> <a href="4-200">Case Histories</a> </li> <li> <a href="4-300">Omissions in Case Names</a> </li> <li> <a href="4-400">Reporters & Courts</a> </li> <li> <a href="4-500">States</a> </li> <li> <a href="4-600">Months</a> </li> <li> <a href="4-700">Journals</a> </li> <li> <a href="4-800">Spacing & Periods</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.nav-second-level --> </li> <li> <a href=""><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>UNDERLINING & ITALICS<span class="fa arrow"></span></a> <ul class="nav nav-second-level"> <li> <a href="5-000">All Rules</a> </li> <li> <a href="5-000#5-100">In Citations</a> </li> <li> <a href="5-000#5-200">In Text</a> </li> <li> <a href="5-000#5-300">Items Not Italicized</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.nav-second-level --> </li> <li> <a href=""><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>PLACING CITATIONS IN CONTEXT<span class="fa arrow"></span></a> <ul class="nav nav-second-level"> <li> <a href="6-100">Quoting</a> </li> <li> <a href="6-200">Citations & Related Text</a> </li> <li> <a href="6-300">Signals</a> </li> <li> <a href="6-400">Order</a> </li> <li> <a href="6-500">Short Form Citations</a> </li> <li> <a href="6-700">Tables of Authorities</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.nav-second-level --> </li> <li> <a href=""><em class="fa fa-fw"></em>CROSS REFERENCE TABLES<span class="fa arrow"></span></a> <ul class="nav nav-second-level"> <li> <a href="7-100">Introduction</a> </li> <li> <a href="7-200">Changes in The Bluebook</a> </li> <li> <a href="7-300">Table: Bluebook </a> </li> <li> <a href="7-400">Table: ALWD Manual</a> </li> <li> <a href="7-500">Table: State-Specific Practices</a> </li> </ul> <!-- /.nav-second-level --> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- /.sidebar-collapse --> </div> <!-- /.navbar-static-side --> </nav> </div> <!-- /#wrapper --> <div id="page-wrapper"> <!-- injected content --> <div ng-controller="dynamicExamplesCtrl as examples" role="main"> <div ng-view=""></div> </div> <footer> <div class="copyrightwrapper"> <p class="copyright"> All Rights Reserved | © 2020 by Peter W. 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