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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patent_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patent_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Patent controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patent_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Interactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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</div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nav1.1&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Nav1.1">Nav1.1</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">SCN1A</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SCN1A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SCN1A.png/250px-SCN1A.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SCN1A.png/375px-SCN1A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SCN1A.png/500px-SCN1A.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="975" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c3fdb8;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee">Ortholog search: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=A2APX8%20or%20P35498">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:A2APX8,P35498">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="background-color:#ddd;text-align:center"><th colspan="2">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7DTD">7DTD</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/10585">SCN1A</a></span>, EIEE6, FEB3, FEB3A, FHM3, GEFSP2, HBSCI, NAC1, Nav1.1, SCN1, SMEI, sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1, DRVT, DEE6, DEE6A, DEE6B</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/182389">182389</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:98246">98246</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=21375">21375</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=SCN1A">SCN1A</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000144285">SCN1A - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_2_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 2 (human)">Chromosome 2 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_2_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 196.28085002693px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for SCN1A"><img alt="Genomic location for SCN1A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 202.3px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for SCN1A"><img alt="Genomic location for SCN1A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">2q24.3</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">165,984,641 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">166,149,214 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 2 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 2 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 2 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 101.49803052182px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for SCN1A"><img alt="Genomic location for SCN1A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 107.5px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for SCN1A"><img alt="Genomic location for SCN1A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">2 C1.3|2 39.13 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">66,101,122 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">66,271,184 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000144285">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">Brodmann area 23</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">lateral nuclear group of thalamus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">primary visual cortex</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">pons</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right uterine tube</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">endothelial cell</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">cerebellar vermis</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">superior vestibular nucleus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">parietal lobe</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">postcentral gyrus</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000064329">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">facial motor nucleus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">lateral geniculate nucleus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">medial vestibular nucleus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">pontine nuclei</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">medial geniculate nucleus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">anterior horn of spinal cord</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">deep cerebellar nuclei</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">inferior colliculi</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">superior colliculus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">medial dorsal nucleus</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000144285">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_SCN1A_210383_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PBB_GE_SCN1A_210383_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_SCN1A_210383_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PBB_GE_SCN1A_210383_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_SCN1A_210383_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PBB_GE_SCN1A_210383_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_SCN1A_210383_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/6323/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005272">sodium channel activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005244">voltage-gated ion channel activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005216">ion channel activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005248">voltage-gated sodium channel activity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001518">voltage-gated sodium channel complex</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016021">integral component of membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016020">membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005654">nucleoplasm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005886">plasma membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016604">nuclear body</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0014704">intercalated disc</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030018">Z discdkac</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030315">T-tubule</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030424">axon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0033268">node of Ranvier</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034706">sodium channel complex</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043025">soma</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043194">axon initial segment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0086010">membrane depolarization during action potential</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035725">sodium ion transmembrane transport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034765">regulation of ion transmembrane transport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006811">ion transport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0055085">transmembrane transport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034220">ion transmembrane transport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006814">sodium ion transport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0086002">cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001508">action potential</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007628">adult walking behavior</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019227">neuronal action potential propagation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019228">neuronal action potential</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042391">regulation of membrane potential</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050884">neuromuscular process controlling posture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050966">detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=6323&rn=1">6323</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=20265&rn=1">20265</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000144285;db=core">ENSG00000144285</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000064329;db=core">ENSMUSG00000064329</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P35498">P35498</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A2APX8">A2APX8</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001165963">NM_001165963</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001165964">NM_001165964</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001202435">NM_001202435</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_006920">NM_006920</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001353948">NM_001353948</a><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001353949">NM_001353949</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001353950">NM_001353950</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001353951">NM_001353951</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001353952">NM_001353952</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001353954">NM_001353954</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001353955">NM_001353955</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001353957">NM_001353957</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001353958">NM_001353958</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001353960">NM_001353960</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001353961">NM_001353961</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_018733">NM_018733</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001313997">NM_001313997</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001159435">NP_001159435</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001159436">NP_001159436</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001189364">NP_001189364</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_008851">NP_008851</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001340877">NP_001340877</a><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001340878">NP_001340878</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001340879">NP_001340879</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001340880">NP_001340880</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001340881">NP_001340881</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001340883">NP_001340883</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001340884">NP_001340884</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001340886">NP_001340886</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001340887">NP_001340887</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001340889">NP_001340889</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001340890">NP_001340890</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001300926">NP_001300926</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_061203">NP_061203</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr2:165984641-166149214">Chr 2: 165.98 – 166.15 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr2:66101122-66271184">Chr 2: 66.1 – 66.27 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031391" class="extiw" title="d:Q18031391">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18253948" class="extiw" title="d:Q18253948">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha</b> (<b>SCN1A</b>), is a <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> which in humans is encoded by the <i>SCN1A</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid8062593_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8062593-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11823106_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11823106-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16382098_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16382098-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gene_location">Gene location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCN1A&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Gene location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>SCN1A</i> gene is located on <a href="/wiki/Chromosome_2" title="Chromosome 2">chromosome 2</a> of humans, and is made up of 26 exons spanning a total length of 6030 nucleotide <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">base pairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternative splicing of exon 5 gives rise to two alternate exons.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>SCN1A</i> contains a <a href="/wiki/Poison_exon" title="Poison exon">poison exon</a> within intron 20.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The promoter has been identified 2.5 kilobase pairs upstream of the transcription start site, and the 5'- untranslated exons may enhance expression of the SCN1A gene in SH-SY5Y cells, a human <a href="/wiki/Cell_culture" title="Cell culture">cell line</a> derived from a <a href="/wiki/Neuroblastoma" title="Neuroblastoma">neuroblastoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCN1A&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vertebrate <a href="/wiki/Sodium_channel" title="Sodium channel">sodium channel</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Voltage-gated_ion_channel" title="Voltage-gated ion channel">voltage-gated ion channel</a> essential for the generation and propagation of <a href="/wiki/Action_potential" title="Action potential">action potentials</a>, chiefly in nerve and muscle. Voltage-sensitive sodium channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of a large central pore-forming glycosylated alpha subunit and 2 smaller auxiliary beta subunits. Functional studies have indicated that the transmembrane alpha subunit of the brain sodium channels is sufficient for expression of functional sodium channels.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2429308_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2429308-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brain sodium channel alpha subunits form a gene subfamily with several structurally distinct isoforms clustering on chromosome 2q24, types I, II (<a href="/wiki/Nav1.2" class="mw-redirect" title="Nav1.2">Na<sub>v</sub>1.2</a>), and III (<a href="/wiki/SCN3A" title="SCN3A">Na<sub>v</sub>1.3</a>). There are also several distinct sodium channel alpha subunit isoforms in skeletal and cardiac muscle (<a href="/wiki/Nav1.4" title="Nav1.4">Na<sub>v</sub>1.4</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid1315496_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1315496-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Nav1.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Nav1.5">Na<sub>v</sub>1.5</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid1309946_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1309946-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> respectively). </p><p>The SCN1A gene codes for the <a href="/wiki/G_protein" title="G protein">alpha subunit</a> of the voltage-gated sodium ion channel making it a member of ten <a href="/wiki/Sequence_homology" title="Sequence homology">paralogous</a> gene families which code for the <a href="/wiki/Voltage-gated_sodium_channel" title="Voltage-gated sodium channel">voltage-gated sodium</a> transmembrane proteins Na<sub>V</sub>1.1. Within the family of genes which code for other portions of voltage-gated sodium channels, the SCN1A mutations were the first identified, since mutations to this gene caused epilepsy and febrile seizures.<sup id="cite_ref-Escayg_2000_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Escayg_2000-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, the SCN1A gene is one of the most commonly mutated genes in the human genome associated with epilepsy, which has given it the title of a 'super culprit gene'.<sup id="cite_ref-Lossin_2009_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lossin_2009-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 900 distinct mutations reported for the SCN1A gene, approximately half of the reported mutations are truncations which result in no protein.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ohmori_2006_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ohmori_2006-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining half of mutations are <a href="/wiki/Missense_mutation" title="Missense mutation">missense mutations</a>, which are predicted to either cause <a href="/wiki/Loss-of-function_mutation" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss-of-function mutation">loss-of-function</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gain-of-function_mutation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gain-of-function mutation">gain-of-function</a>, though very few have been tested for functionality in the lab.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subtle differences in voltage-gated sodium ion channels can have devastating physiological effects and underlie abnormal neurological functioning.<sup id="cite_ref-Kohrman_1996_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kohrman_1996-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bulman_1997_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulman_1997-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mutations to the SCN1A gene most often result in different forms of seizure disorders, the most common forms of seizure disorders are Dravet Syndrome (DS), Intractable childhood epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (ICEGTC), and severe myoclonic epilepsy borderline (SMEB).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clinically, 70-80% of patients with DS have identified mutations specific to the SCN1A gene, which are caused by <i><a href="/wiki/De_novo_mutation" title="De novo mutation">de novo</a></i> heterozygous mutations of the SCN1A gene.<sup id="cite_ref-Claes_2001_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claes_2001-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are currently two databases on SCN1A mutations.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mice with knock-in SCN1A mutations, who are model organisms for DS quickly develop seizures, indicative of a significant reduction in the function of Na<sub>V</sub>1.1.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been hypothesized that reduced sodium currents due to Na<sub>V</sub>1.1 mutations may cause hypoexcitability in <a href="/wiki/GABAA_receptor" title="GABAA receptor">GABAergic inhibitory interneurons</a> leading to epilepsy.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mice in both the homozygous and heterozygous states develop the seizure phenotype and ataxia. Though homozygous mice die on average during the second to third week of life and approximately 50% of heterozygous null mice survive into adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yu_2006_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yu_2006-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCN1A&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mutations in the SCN1A gene cause inherited <a href="/wiki/Febrile_seizure" title="Febrile seizure">febrile seizures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generalized_epilepsy_with_febrile_seizures_plus#Type_2" title="Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus">GEFS+, type 2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dravet_syndrome" title="Dravet syndrome">Dravet syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10742094_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10742094-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11567038_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11567038-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid12821740_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12821740-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urlwww.scn1a.info_–_SCN1A_infobase_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlwww.scn1a.info_–_SCN1A_infobase-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patent_controversy">Patent controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCN1A&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Patent controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 29 November 2008, The <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Morning Herald">Sydney Morning Herald</a> reported the first evidence of private intellectual property rights over human DNA<sup id="cite_ref-urlSick_babies_denied_treatment_in_DNA_row_–_National_–_smh.com.au_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlSick_babies_denied_treatment_in_DNA_row_–_National_–_smh.com.au-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having adversely affected medical care. The Melbourne company Genetic Technologies (GTG) controls rights to the gene, and requires royalties for tests on the gene, which can help identify <a href="/wiki/Dravet_syndrome" title="Dravet syndrome">Dravet syndrome</a>. Doctors on the Children's Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Westmead,_New_South_Wales" title="Westmead, New South Wales">Westmead</a>, Australia have told journalists that they would test 50% more infants for the gene, if they could conduct the test on site. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCN1A&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na<sub>v</sub>1.1 has been shown to <a href="/wiki/Protein-protein_interaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein-protein interaction">interact</a> with <a href="/wiki/Syntrophin,_alpha_1" title="Syntrophin, alpha 1">syntrophin, alpha 1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9412493_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9412493-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCN1A&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_channel" title="Sodium channel">Sodium channel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCN1A&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000144285">GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000144285</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000064329">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000064329</a> – <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+News&rft.atitle=Sick+babies+denied+treatment+in+DNA+row+%E2%80%93&rft.date=2008-11-29&rft.au=Robotham+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fsick-babies-denied-treatment-in-row%2F2008%2F11%2F28%2F1227491827171.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASCN1A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid9412493-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid9412493_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeeMadhavanLevinsonCaldwell1998" class="citation journal cs1">Gee SH, Madhavan R, Levinson SR, Caldwell JH, Sealock R, Froehner SC (January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6793384">"Interaction of muscle and brain sodium channels with multiple members of the syntrophin family of dystrophin-associated proteins"</a>. <i>The Journal of Neuroscience</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 128–137. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2Fjneurosci.18-01-00128.1998">10.1523/jneurosci.18-01-00128.1998</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6793384">6793384</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9412493">9412493</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+muscle+and+brain+sodium+channels+with+multiple+members+of+the+syntrophin+family+of+dystrophin-associated+proteins&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=128-137&rft.date=1998-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6793384%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9412493&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1523%2Fjneurosci.18-01-00128.1998&rft.aulast=Gee&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.au=Madhavan%2C+R&rft.au=Levinson%2C+SR&rft.au=Caldwell%2C+JH&rft.au=Sealock%2C+R&rft.au=Froehner%2C+SC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6793384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASCN1A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCN1A&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLercheJurkat-RottLehmann-Horn2001" class="citation journal cs1">Lerche H, Jurkat-Rott K, Lehmann-Horn F (2001). "Ion channels and epilepsy". <i>American Journal of Medical Genetics</i>. <b>106</b> (2): 146–159. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajmg.1582">10.1002/ajmg.1582</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11579435">11579435</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Medical+Genetics&rft.atitle=Ion+channels+and+epilepsy&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=146-159&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fajmg.1582&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11579435&rft.aulast=Lerche&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Jurkat-Rott%2C+K&rft.au=Lehmann-Horn%2C+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASCN1A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsom2002" class="citation journal cs1">Isom LL (January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2741%2Fisom">"The role of sodium channels in cell adhesion"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Bioscience</i>. <b>7</b> (1–3): 12–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2741%2Fisom">10.2741/isom</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11779698">11779698</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Bioscience&rft.atitle=The+role+of+sodium+channels+in+cell+adhesion&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.pages=12-23&rft.date=2002-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2741%2Fisom&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11779698&rft.aulast=Isom&rft.aufirst=LL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2741%252Fisom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASCN1A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanaiHiroseOguniFukuma2004" class="citation journal cs1">Kanai K, Hirose S, Oguni H, Fukuma G, Shirasaka Y, Miyajima T, et al. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epilepsy+Research&rft.atitle=Autosomal+dominant+epilepsy+with+febrile+seizures+plus+with+missense+mutations+of+the+%28Na%2B%29-channel+alpha+1+subunit+gene%2C+SCN1A&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=15-23&rft.date=2002-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25555020%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11823106&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0920-1211%2801%2900313-8&rft.aulast=Ito&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Nagafuji%2C+H&rft.au=Okazawa%2C+H&rft.au=Yamakawa%2C+K&rft.au=Sugawara%2C+T&rft.au=Mazaki-Miyazaki%2C+E&rft.au=Hirose%2C+S&rft.au=Fukuma%2C+G&rft.au=Mitsudome%2C+A&rft.au=Wada%2C+K&rft.au=Kaneko%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASCN1A" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCN1A&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1388/">GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Familial Hemiplegic Migraine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&part=gefs">GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on SCN1A-Related Seizure Disorders</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=SCN1A+protein%2C+human">SCN1A+protein,+human</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PDB_Gallery" title="Template:PDB Gallery"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PDB_Gallery" title="Template talk:PDB Gallery"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PDB_Gallery" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PDB Gallery"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="PDB_gallery" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">PDB gallery</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker" style="line-height:130%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1byy_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1byy: SODIUM CHANNEL IIA INACTIVATION GATE"><img alt="1byy: SODIUM CHANNEL IIA INACTIVATION GATE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PDB_1byy_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1byy_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PDB_1byy_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1byy_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PDB_1byy_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1byy_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1byy</b>: SODIUM CHANNEL IIA INACTIVATION GATE</div> </li> </ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Membrane_transport_protein:_ion_channels_(TC_1A)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ion_channels" title="Template:Ion channels"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ion_channels" title="Template talk:Ion channels"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ion_channels" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ion channels"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Membrane_transport_protein:_ion_channels_(TC_1A)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein" title="Membrane transport protein">Membrane transport protein</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ion_channel" title="Ion channel">ion channels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Transporter_Classification_Database#1._Channels/Pores" title="Transporter Classification Database">TC 1A</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="Ca2+:_Calcium_channel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>Ca<sup>2+</sup>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel" title="Calcium channel">Calcium channel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;">Ligand-gated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inositol_trisphosphate_receptor" title="Inositol trisphosphate receptor">Inositol trisphosphate receptor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITPR1" title="ITPR1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITPR2" title="ITPR2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITPR3" title="ITPR3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryanodine_receptor" title="Ryanodine receptor">Ryanodine receptor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RYR1" class="mw-redirect" title="RYR1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryanodine_receptor_2" title="Ryanodine receptor 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RYR3" class="mw-redirect" title="RYR3">3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Voltage-gated_calcium_channel" title="Voltage-gated calcium channel">Voltage-gated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L-type_calcium_channel" title="L-type calcium channel">L-type</a>/<i>Ca<sub>v</sub>α</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cav1.1" title="Cav1.1">1.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cav1.2" title="Cav1.2">1.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cav1.3" title="Cav1.3">1.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cav1.4" title="Cav1.4">1.4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-type_calcium_channel" title="N-type calcium channel">N-type</a>/<i>Ca<sub>v</sub>α2.2</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-type_calcium_channel" title="P-type calcium channel">P-type</a>/<i>Ca<sub>v</sub>α</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cav2.1" title="Cav2.1">2.1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-type_calcium_channel" title="Q-type calcium channel">Q-type</a>/<i>Ca<sub>v</sub>α2.1</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-type_calcium_channel" title="R-type calcium channel">R-type</a>/<i>Ca<sub>v</sub>α2.3</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-type_calcium_channel" title="T-type calcium channel">T-type</a>/<i>Ca<sub>v</sub>α</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CACNA1G" title="CACNA1G">3.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CACNA1H" class="mw-redirect" title="CACNA1H">3.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CACNA1I" title="CACNA1I">3.3</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>α<sub>2</sub>δ-subunits</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CACNA2D1" title="CACNA2D1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CACNA2D2" title="CACNA2D2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>β-subunits</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CACNB1" title="CACNB1">β1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CACNB2" title="CACNB2">β2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CACNB3" title="CACNB3">β3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CACNB4" title="CACNB4">β4</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>γ-subunits</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CACNG1" title="CACNG1">γ1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CACNG2" title="CACNG2">γ2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CACNG3" title="CACNG3">γ3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CACNG4" title="CACNG4">γ4</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cation_channels_of_sperm" title="Cation channels of sperm">Cation channels of sperm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CatSper1" title="CatSper1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CatSper2" title="CatSper2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CatSper3" title="CatSper3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CatSper4" title="CatSper4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-pore_channel" title="Two-pore channel">Two-pore channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TPCN1" title="TPCN1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TPCN2" title="TPCN2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="Na+:_Sodium_channel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>Na<sup>+</sup>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Sodium_channel" title="Sodium channel">Sodium channel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;">Constitutively active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epithelial_sodium_channel" title="Epithelial sodium channel">Epithelial sodium channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SCNN1A" title="SCNN1A">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCNN1B" title="SCNN1B">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCNN1G" title="SCNN1G">γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCNN1D" title="SCNN1D">δ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hydron_(chemistry)" title="Hydron (chemistry)">Proton</a>-gated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid-sensing_ion_channel" title="Acid-sensing ion channel">Amiloride-sensitive cation channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACCN1" class="mw-redirect" title="ACCN1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACCN2" class="mw-redirect" title="ACCN2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACCN3" class="mw-redirect" title="ACCN3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACCN4" class="mw-redirect" title="ACCN4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Voltage-gated_sodium_channel" title="Voltage-gated sodium channel">Voltage-gated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Na<sub>v</sub>α</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nav1.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Nav1.1">1.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nav1.2" class="mw-redirect" title="Nav1.2">1.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCN3A" title="SCN3A">1.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nav1.4" title="Nav1.4">1.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nav1.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Nav1.5">1.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCN8A" title="SCN8A">1.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nav1.7" class="mw-redirect" title="Nav1.7">1.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCN10A" class="mw-redirect" title="SCN10A">1.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nav1.9" title="Nav1.9">1.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCN7A" title="SCN7A">7A</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Na<sub>v</sub>β</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SCN1B" title="SCN1B">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCN2B" title="SCN2B">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCN3B" title="SCN3B">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCN4B" title="SCN4B">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="K+:_Potassium_channel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>K<sup>+</sup>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel" title="Potassium channel">Potassium channel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium-activated_potassium_channel" title="Calcium-activated potassium channel">Calcium-activated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BK_channel" title="BK channel">BK channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium-activated_potassium_channel_subunit_alpha-1" title="Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1">α1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNMB1" title="KCNMB1">β1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNMB2" title="KCNMB2">β2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNMB3" title="KCNMB3">β3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNMB4" title="KCNMB4">β4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK_channel" title="SK channel">SK channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNN1" title="KCNN1">SK1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNN2" title="KCNN2">SK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK3" title="SK3">SK3</a></li></ul></li> <li>IK channel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNN4" title="KCNN4">IK1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>K<sub>Ca</sub></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium-activated_potassium_channel_subunit_alpha-1" title="Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1">1.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNN1" title="KCNN1">2.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNN2" title="KCNN2">2.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK3" title="SK3">2.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNN4" title="KCNN4">3.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNT1" title="KCNT1">4.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNT2" title="KCNT2">4.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNU1" title="KCNU1">5.1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Inward-rectifier_potassium_ion_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Inward-rectifier potassium ion channel">Inward-rectifier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATP-sensitive_potassium_channel" title="ATP-sensitive potassium channel">K<sub>ATP</sub></a></li> <li><i>K<sub>ir</sub></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROMK" title="ROMK">1.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kir2.1" title="Kir2.1">2.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNJ12" title="KCNJ12">2.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNJ4" title="KCNJ4">2.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNJ14" title="KCNJ14">2.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kir2.6" title="Kir2.6">2.6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_inwardly_rectifying_potassium_channel" title="G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel">GIRK</a>/<i>K<sub>ir</sub></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNJ3" title="KCNJ3">3.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNJ6" title="KCNJ6">3.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNJ9" title="KCNJ9">3.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNJ5" title="KCNJ5">3.4</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>K<sub>ir</sub></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNJ10" title="KCNJ10">4.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNJ15" title="KCNJ15">4.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNJ16" title="KCNJ16">5.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNJ8" title="KCNJ8">6.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kir6.2" title="Kir6.2">6.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNJ13" title="KCNJ13">7.1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tandem_pore_domain_potassium_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tandem pore domain potassium channel">Tandem pore domain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>K2P</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNK1" title="KCNK1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK2" title="KCNK2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK3" title="KCNK3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK4" title="KCNK4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK5" title="KCNK5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK6" title="KCNK6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK7" title="KCNK7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK9" title="KCNK9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK10" title="KCNK10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK12" title="KCNK12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK13" title="KCNK13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK15" title="KCNK15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK16" title="KCNK16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK17" title="KCNK17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNK18" title="KCNK18">18</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Voltage-gated_potassium_channel" title="Voltage-gated potassium channel">Voltage-gated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>K<sub>v</sub>α1-6</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kv1.1" title="Kv1.1">1.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNA2" title="KCNA2">1.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNA3" title="KCNA3">1.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNA4" title="KCNA4">1.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNA5" title="KCNA5">1.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNA6" title="KCNA6">1.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNA7" title="KCNA7">1.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNA10" title="KCNA10">1.8</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNB1" title="KCNB1">2.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNB2" title="KCNB2">2.2</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNC1" title="KCNC1">3.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNC2" title="KCNC2">3.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNC3" title="KCNC3">3.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNC4" title="KCNC4">3.4</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCND1" title="KCND1">4.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCND2" title="KCND2">4.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCND3" title="KCND3">4.3</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNF1" title="KCNF1">5.1</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNG1" title="KCNG1">6.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNG2" title="KCNG2">6.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNG3" title="KCNG3">6.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNG4" title="KCNG4">6.4</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>K<sub>v</sub>α7-12</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KvLQT1" title="KvLQT1">7.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KvLQT2" title="KvLQT2">7.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KvLQT3" title="KvLQT3">7.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNQ4" title="KCNQ4">7.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNQ5" title="KCNQ5">7.5</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNV1" title="KCNV1">8.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNV2" title="KCNV2">8.2</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNS1" title="KCNS1">9.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNS2" title="KCNS2">9.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNS3" title="KCNS3">9.3</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNH1" title="KCNH1">10.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNH5" title="KCNH5">10.2</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HERG" title="HERG">11.1/hERG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNH6" title="KCNH6">11.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNH7" title="KCNH7">11.3</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNH8" title="KCNH8">12.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNH3" title="KCNH3">12.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNH4" title="KCNH4">12.3</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>K<sub>v</sub>β</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNAB1" title="KCNAB1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNAB2" title="KCNAB2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNAB3" title="KCNAB3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>KCNIP</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNIP1" title="KCNIP1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNIP2" title="KCNIP2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calsenilin" title="Calsenilin">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNIP4" title="KCNIP4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNE1" title="KCNE1">minK/ISK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNE1L" class="mw-redirect" title="KCNE1L">minK/ISK-like</a></li> <li><i>MiRP</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KCNE2" title="KCNE2">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNE3" title="KCNE3">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCNE4" title="KCNE4">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaker_(gene)" title="Shaker (gene)">Shaker (gene)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="Miscellaneous" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>Miscellaneous</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><i><a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">Cl<sup>−</sup></a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Chloride_channel" title="Chloride channel">Chloride channel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium-activated_chloride_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium-activated chloride channel">Calcium-activated chloride channels</a> <ul><li><i>Anoctamin</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANO1" title="ANO1">ANO1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Bestrophin</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bestrophin_1" title="Bestrophin 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BEST2" class="mw-redirect" title="BEST2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Chloride Channel Accessory</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CLCA1" title="CLCA1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLCA2" title="CLCA2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLCA3" title="CLCA3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLCA4" title="CLCA4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis_transmembrane_conductance_regulator" title="Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator">CFTR</a></li> <li><i>CLCN</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CLCN1" title="CLCN1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLCN2" title="CLCN2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLCN3" title="CLCN3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLCN4" title="CLCN4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLCN5" title="CLCN5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLCN6" title="CLCN6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLCN7" title="CLCN7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLCNKA" title="CLCNKA">KA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLCNKB" title="CLCNKB">KB</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>CLIC</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CLIC1" title="CLIC1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLIC2" title="CLIC2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLIC3" title="CLIC3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLIC4" title="CLIC4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLIC5" title="CLIC5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLIC6" title="CLIC6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLCC1" title="CLCC1">L1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>CLNS</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CLNS1A" title="CLNS1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLNS1B" title="CLNS1B">1B</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hydron_(chemistry)" title="Hydron (chemistry)">H<sup>+</sup></a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Voltage-gated_proton_channel" title="Voltage-gated proton channel">Proton channel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HVCN1" title="HVCN1">HVCN1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ion#Anions_and_cations" title="Ion">M<sup>+</sup></a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cyclic_nucleotide-gated_ion_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel">CNG cation channel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>α</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_nucleotide-gated_channel_alpha_1" title="Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_nucleotide-gated_channel_alpha_2" title="Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_nucleotide-gated_channel_alpha_3" title="Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_nucleotide-gated_channel_alpha_4" title="Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>β</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CNGB1" title="CNGB1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_nucleotide-gated_channel_alpha_4" title="Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 4">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_nucleotide_gated_channel_beta_3" title="Cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HCN_channel" title="HCN channel">HCN</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funny_current" class="mw-redirect" title="Funny current">FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCN1" title="HCN1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCN2" title="HCN2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCN3" title="HCN3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCN4" title="HCN4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ion#Anions_and_cations" title="Ion">M<sup>+</sup></a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Transient_receptor_potential_channel" title="Transient receptor potential channel">TRP cation channel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TRPA_(channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="TRPA (channel)">TRPA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Transient_receptor_potential_cation_channel,_member_A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPC" title="TRPC">TRPC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TRPC1" title="TRPC1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPC2" title="TRPC2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPC3" title="TRPC3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPC4" title="TRPC4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPC4AP" title="TRPC4AP">4AP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPC5" title="TRPC5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPC6" title="TRPC6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPC7" title="TRPC7">7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPM" title="TRPM">TRPM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TRPM1" title="TRPM1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPM2" title="TRPM2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPM3" title="TRPM3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPM4" title="TRPM4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPM5" title="TRPM5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPM6" title="TRPM6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPM7" title="TRPM7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPM8" title="TRPM8">8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPML" title="TRPML">TRPML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mucolipin-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucolipin-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCOLN2" title="MCOLN2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCOLN3" title="MCOLN3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPN" title="TRPN">TRPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPP" title="TRPP">TRPP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PKD1" class="mw-redirect" title="PKD1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycystic_kidney_disease_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Polycystic kidney disease 2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPV" title="TRPV">TRPV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TRPV1" title="TRPV1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPV2" title="TRPV2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPV3" title="TRPV3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPV4" title="TRPV4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPV5" title="TRPV5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPV6" title="TRPV6">6</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><i><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">H<sub>2</sub>O</a> (+ <a href="/wiki/Solutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Solutes">solutes</a>):</i> <a href="/wiki/Porin_(protein)" title="Porin (protein)">Porin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaporin" title="Aquaporin">Aquaporin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MIP_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="MIP (gene)">0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaporin_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaporin 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaporin_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaporin 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaporin_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaporin 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaporin_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaporin 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AQP5" class="mw-redirect" title="AQP5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AQP6" class="mw-redirect" title="AQP6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AQP7" class="mw-redirect" title="AQP7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AQP8" class="mw-redirect" title="AQP8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AQP9" class="mw-redirect" title="AQP9">9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltage-dependent_anion_channel" title="Voltage-dependent anion channel">Voltage-dependent anion channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VDAC1" title="VDAC1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDAC2" title="VDAC2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDAC3" title="VDAC3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_bacterial_porin_family" title="General bacterial porin family">General bacterial porin family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><i><a href="/wiki/Cytoplasm" title="Cytoplasm">Cytoplasm</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Gap_junction" title="Gap junction">Gap junction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connexin" title="Connexin">Connexin</a> <ul><li>A <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GJA1" title="GJA1">GJA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJA3" title="GJA3">GJA3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJA4" title="GJA4">GJA4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJA5" title="GJA5">GJA5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJA8" title="GJA8">GJA8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJD2" title="GJD2">GJA9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJA10" title="GJA10">GJA10</a></li></ul></li> <li>B <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GJB1" title="GJB1">GJB1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJB2" title="GJB2">GJB2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJB3" title="GJB3">GJB3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJB4" title="GJB4">GJB4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJB5" title="GJB5">GJB5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJB6" title="GJB6">GJB6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJB7" title="GJB7">GJB7</a></li></ul></li> <li>C <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GJC1" title="GJC1">GJC1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJC2" title="GJC2">GJC2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJC3" title="GJC3">GJC3</a></li></ul></li> <li>D <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GJD2" title="GJD2">GJD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJD3" title="GJD3">GJD3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJD4" title="GJD4">GJD4</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innexin" title="Innexin">Innexin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="By_gating_mechanism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>By gating mechanism</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ion_channel_class" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;text-align:left;"><i>Ion channel class</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ligand-gated_ion_channel" title="Ligand-gated ion channel">Ligand-gated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-gated_ion_channel" title="Light-gated ion channel">Light-gated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltage-gated_ion_channel" title="Voltage-gated ion channel">Voltage-gated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretch-activated_ion_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Stretch-activated ion channel">Stretch-activated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite; padding: 0px;"><div><i>see also <a href="/wiki/Template:Channelopathy" title="Template:Channelopathy">disorders</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><i>This article incorporates text from the <a 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