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L. 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arthur Lyon Bowley" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arthur Lyon Bowley" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arthur Lyon Bowley" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="ارثر ليون بولى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارثر ليون بولى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arthur Lyon Bowley" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arthur Lyon Bowley" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80" title="Боули, Артур – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Боули, Артур" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arthur Lyon Bowley" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Артур Лайон Боулі – 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class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Arthur Lyon Bowley</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">6 November 1869<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 January 1957<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend dday deathdate">1957-01-22</span>)</span> (aged 87)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bowley%27s_law" title="Bowley's law">Bowley's law</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Julia Hilliam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span> <a href="/wiki/Guy_Medal" title="Guy Medal">Guy Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(silver, 1895) (Gold, 1935)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category">Statistics, Economics</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b> Sir Arthur Lyon Bowley</b>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a> (6 November 1869 – 21 January 1957) was an English statistician and economist<sup id="cite_ref-Times_obituary_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times_obituary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who worked on economic statistics and pioneered the use of sampling techniques in social surveys. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Lyon_Bowley&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bowley's father, James William Lyon Bowley, was a minister in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>. He died at the age of 40 when Arthur was one, leaving Arthur's mother as mother or stepmother to seven children. Arthur was educated at <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_Hospital" title="Christ's Hospital">Christ's Hospital</a>, and won a scholarship to <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a> to study mathematics.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated as Tenth <a href="/wiki/Wrangler_(University_of_Cambridge)" title="Wrangler (University of Cambridge)">Wrangler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Cambridge Bowley had a short course of study with the economist <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Alfred Marshall</a> who had also been a Cambridge wrangler.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Under Marshall's influence Bowley became an economic statistician. His <i>Account of England's Foreign Trade</i> won the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobden_Essay_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobden Essay Prize (page does not exist)">Cobden Essay Prize</a> and was published as a book. Marshall watched over Bowley's career, recommending him for jobs and offering him advice. Most notoriously Marshall told him the <i>Elements of Statistics</i> contained "too much mathematics."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Lyon_Bowley&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Academic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After leaving Cambridge Bowley taught mathematics at <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_School,_Leatherhead" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's School, Leatherhead">St John's School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leatherhead" title="Leatherhead">Leatherhead</a> from 1893 to 1899. Meanwhile, he was publishing in economic statistics; his first article for the journal of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Statistical_Society" title="Royal Statistical Society">Royal Statistical Society</a>) appeared in 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-Times_obituary_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times_obituary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that year the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> opened. Bowley was appointed as a part-time lecturer and he would be connected with the School until he retired in 1936. He can be considered one of the School's intellectual fathers. However, he continued to teach elsewhere; for more than a decade he taught at University College, Reading (now the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a>). He was the <a href="/wiki/William_Newmarch" title="William Newmarch">Newmarch</a> lecturer at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> (1897–98 and 1927–28). At the LSE he became <a href="/wiki/Reader_(academic_rank)" title="Reader (academic rank)">Reader</a> in 1908, and Professor in 1915. In 1919, he was appointed to a newly established <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_of_Statistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chair of Statistics (page does not exist)">Chair of Statistics</a>, probably the first of its kind in Britain. In Bowley's time, however, the LSE statistics group was very small: Margaret Hogg arrived in 1919 and left for the United States in 1925,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/E._C._Rhodes" title="E. C. Rhodes">E. C. Rhodes</a> arrived in 1924<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/R._G._D._Allen" title="R. G. D. Allen">R. G. D. Allen</a> in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowley's students included Ronald George,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lewis Connor<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Winifred_Mackenzie" title="Winifred Mackenzie">Winifred Mackenzie</a>, first recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Frances_Wood_(statistician)" title="Frances Wood (statistician)">Frances Wood</a> memorial prize.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a post-graduate student <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Stamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Josiah Stamp">Josiah Stamp</a> worked "nominally" under Bowley's supervision. <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowley produced a stream of studies of British economic statistics, beginning in the 1890s with work on trade and on wages and income. His 1900 publication <i>Wages in the United Kingdom in the Nineteenth Century</i> was created using the unpaid assistance of <a href="/wiki/Edith_Marvin" title="Edith Marvin">Edith Marvin</a> when she was a researcher at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proceeding to studies of <a href="/wiki/National_income" class="mw-redirect" title="National income">national income</a> in the 1920s and –30s. Especially noteworthy was his collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Stamp,_1st_Baron_Stamp" title="Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp">Josiah Stamp</a> on a comparison of the UK national income in 1911 and 1924. (Official national income statistics date only from the Second World War.) From around 1910 Bowley worked on social statistics as well. In aim, the work was a continuation of such surveys of social conditions as <a href="/wiki/Rt_Hon_Charles_Booth" class="mw-redirect" title="Rt Hon Charles Booth">Charles Booth's</a> "Life and Labour of the People in London" (1889–1903) and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Seebohm_Rowntree" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree">Seebohm Rowntree's</a> "Poverty, A Study of Town Life" (1901). The methodological innovation was the use of sampling techniques. Bowley gave a detailed exposition of his approach to sampling in a 62-page paper published in 1926. The culmination of Bowley's work on social surveys was the monumental <i>New Survey of London Life and Labour.</i> Even in the 1930s his research could take a new direction, as when he collaborated with his junior colleague <a href="/wiki/R._G._D._Allen" title="R. G. D. Allen">R. G. D. Allen</a> on an econometric study of family expenditure.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He retired in 1936 but served as acting Director of the Oxford University Institute of Statistics during the Second World War. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Lyon_Bowley&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bowley's "Elements of Statistics"<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is generally regarded as the first English-language <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statistics_text-book&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statistics text-book (page does not exist)">statistics text-book</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (December 2017)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup>. It described the techniques of descriptive statistics that would be useful for economists and social sciences, and in the early editions contained little statistical theory. </p><p>In statistical theory Bowley was not an innovator but drew on the writings of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson">Karl Pearson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Udny_Yule" title="Udny Yule">Udny Yule</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ysidro_Edgeworth" title="Francis Ysidro Edgeworth">F. Y. Edgeworth</a>. In the 1930s, Bowley informed <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">Fisher</a> that "Professor Edgeworth had written a great deal on a kindred subject" and slapping Neyman down with "I am not at all sure that the 'confidence' [in confidence interval] is not a 'confidence trick.'"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bowley's teaching presaged several of the <a href="/wiki/Exploratory_data_analysis" title="Exploratory data analysis">EDA</a> ideas later popularised by <a href="/wiki/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Stemplot" class="mw-redirect" title="Stemplot">stemplots</a>, decile <a href="/wiki/Boxplot" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxplot">boxplots</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven-figure_summary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seven-figure summary (page does not exist)">seven-figure summary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trimean" title="Trimean">trimean</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Bowley's '"The Mathematical Groundwork of Economics'"<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a notable attempt to provide the practising economist with the main ideas and techniques of mathematical economics; it was the first book in English of its kind. One of its successes was to bring the <a href="/wiki/Edgeworth_box" title="Edgeworth box">Edgeworth box</a> to the attention of economists generally. Bowley was so successful that this is often referred to as the "Edgeworth-Bowley box". He also introduced the concept of <a href="/wiki/Conjectural_variation" title="Conjectural variation">conjectural variation</a> into the theory of oligopoly in this book. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Lyon_Bowley&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bowley received many honours. In 1922, he became <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">Fellow of the British Academy</a>, was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the British Empire">CBE</a> in 1937 <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and knighted in 1950. He served on the council of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Economic_Society" title="Royal Economic Society">Royal Economic Society</a> and was president of the <a href="/wiki/Econometric_Society" title="Econometric Society">Econometric Society</a> 1938–9. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Statistical_Society" title="Royal Statistical Society">Royal Statistical Society</a> awarded him its <a href="/wiki/Guy_Medal" title="Guy Medal">Guy Medal</a> in Gold in 1935 and he served as its president 1938–40.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Lyon_Bowley&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Allen and George, "In personality Bowley was somewhat shy and retiring. He did not readily make friends and his close friendship with <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Cannan" title="Edwin Cannan">Edwin Cannan</a> over many years was an almost unique experience." They recall an anecdote about an occasion when Bowley and Cannan were cycling with <a href="/wiki/Francis_Edgeworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Edgeworth">Francis Edgeworth</a>. When Edgeworth wanted to discuss a mathematical question Cannan said, "Bowley, let us go a little faster, Edgeworth cannot talk mathematics at more than eight miles an hour."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Bowley married Julia Hilliam in 1904 and the couple had three daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-Times_obituary_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times_obituary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His daughter, <a href="/wiki/Marian_Bowley" title="Marian Bowley">Marian Bowley</a>, also had an academic career in economics.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bowley's_law"><span id="Bowley.27s_law"></span>Bowley's law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Lyon_Bowley&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bowley's law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bowley formulated <a href="/wiki/Bowley%27s_law" title="Bowley's law">Bowley's law</a>, which says that the proportion of <a href="/wiki/GNP" class="mw-redirect" title="GNP">GNP</a> from labour is constant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_publications_of_A._L._Bowley">Main publications of A. L. Bowley</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Lyon_Bowley&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Main publications of A. L. Bowley"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/accountofengland00bowl"><i>A Short Account of England's Foreign Trade in the Nineteenth Century</i></a>, 1893.</li> <li><i>Wages and Income in the United Kingdom Since 1860</i>, 1900.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006554956"><i>Elements of Statistics</i></a>, 1901. (4th edition in 1920)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924013702950"><i>An Elementary Manual of Statistics</i></a>, 1910.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livelihoodpovert00bowluoft"><i>Livelihood and Poverty: a study in the economic conditions of working-class households</i></a>, with A.R. Bennett-Hurst, 1915.</li> <li><i>The Division of the Product of Industry</i>, 1919</li> <li><i>The Mathematical Groundwork of Economics</i>, 1924.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.216222"><i>Has Poverty Diminished? </i></a>, with M.Hogg, 1925.</li> <li>Measurement of Precision attained in Sampling, <i>Bulletin de l'Institut International de Statistique,</i>(1926) 22, Suppl. to Book 1, 1–62. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k61602s">Gallica (after p. 451)</a></li> <li><i>The National Income 1924</i> with <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Stamp,_1st_Baron_Stamp" title="Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp">J. Stamp</a>, 1927.</li> <li>Bilateral Monopoly, 1928, <i>Economic Journal. </i></li> <li><i>F. Y. Edgeworth's Contributions to Mathematical Statistics</i>, 1928.</li> <li><i>New Survey of London Life and Labour</i>, 1930–35.</li> <li><i>Family Expenditure</i> with R.G.D. Allen, 1935.</li> <li><i>Three Studies in National Income</i>, 1939.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discussions">Discussions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Lyon_Bowley&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Discussions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAllenGeorge1957" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Roy_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Roy Allen">Allen, R.D.G.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_R._F.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George R. F. (page does not exist)">George, R. F.</a> (1957). "Obituary of Professor Sir Arthur Bowley". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society,_Series_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A">Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A</a></i>. <b>102</b>: 236–241.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society%2C+Series+A&rft.atitle=Obituary+of+Professor+Sir+Arthur+Bowley&rft.volume=102&rft.pages=236-241&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=R.D.G.&rft.au=George%2C+R.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Lyon+Bowley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W_F_Maunder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W F Maunder (page does not exist)">W F Maunder</a> and Sir Arthur Lyon Bowley (1869–1957) in <i> Studies in the History of Statistics Probability,</i> (ed. E S Pearson and M G Kendall) 1970. London: Griffin.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarnell1981" class="citation cs2">Darnell, A. (1981), "A.L. Bowley, 1969-1957", in O'Brien, D. P.; Presley, J. R. (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8DZiFD1oNwwC&pg=PA140"><i>Pioneers of Modern Economics in Britain</i></a>, London: Macmillan, pp. 140–174, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780333231753" title="Special:BookSources/9780333231753"><bdi>9780333231753</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A.L.+Bowley%2C+1969-1957&rft.btitle=Pioneers+of+Modern+Economics+in+Britain&rft.place=London&rft.pages=140-174&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780333231753&rft.aulast=Darnell&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8DZiFD1oNwwC%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Lyon+Bowley" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Bowley, Arthur Lyon, pp. 277–9 in <i>Leading Personalities in Statistical Sciences from the Seventeenth Century to the Present, </i> (ed. <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lloyd_Johnson" title="Norman Lloyd Johnson">N. L. Johnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Kotz" title="Samuel Kotz">S. Kotz)</a> 1997. New York: Wiley. Originally published in <i>Encyclopedia of Statistical Science. </i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Lyon_Bowley&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stem-and-leaf_display" title="Stem-and-leaf display">Stem-and-leaf display</a> attributed to Bowley's work</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Lyon_Bowley&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Times_obituary-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Times_obituary_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Times_obituary_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Times_obituary_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Sir Arthur Bowley". <i>The Times</i>. No. 53746. London. 23 January 1957. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Sir+Arthur+Bowley&rft.issue=53746&rft.pages=p.-12&rft.date=1957-01-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Lyon+Bowley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA196">"Bowley, Arthur Lyon"</a>. <i>Who's Who</i>. <b>59</b>: 196. 1907.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Who%27s+Who&rft.atitle=Bowley%2C+Arthur+Lyon&rft.volume=59&rft.pages=196&rft.date=1907&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyEcuAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Lyon+Bowley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACADBWLY887AL" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=BWLY887AL&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Bowley, Arthur Lyon (BWLY887AL)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. 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"Margaret Hope Hogg". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Statistical_Association" title="Journal of the American Statistical Association">Journal of the American Statistical Association</a></i>. <b>30</b> (192): 751–754. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01621459.1935.10503303">10.1080/01621459.1935.10503303</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Statistical+Association&rft.atitle=Margaret+Hope+Hogg&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=192&rft.pages=751-754&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01621459.1935.10503303&rft.aulast=Hurlin&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Lyon+Bowley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrebenik1965" class="citation journal cs1">Grebenik, E. 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"Lord Stamp (obituary)". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" title="Journal of the Royal Statistical Society">Journal of the Royal Statistical Society</a></i>. <b>104</b> (2): 193–196.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society&rft.atitle=Lord+Stamp+%28obituary%29&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=193-196&rft.date=1941&rft.aulast=Bowley&rft.aufirst=A.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Lyon+Bowley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gordon, Peter (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-48586">"Marvin [née Deverell], Edith Mary (1872–1958), inspector of schools"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F48586">10.1093/ref:odnb/48586</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Marvin+%5Bn%C3%A9e+Deverell%5D%2C+Edith+Mary+%281872%E2%80%931958%29%2C+inspector+of+schools&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F48586&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-48586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Lyon+Bowley" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarnell1981">Darnell (1981)</a>, p. 159: "Bowley's major contribution to econometrics was the path-breaking text <i>Family Expenditure</i> (1935) which he wrote in collaboration with R. G. D. Allen".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanger,_C._P.1901" class="citation journal cs1">Sanger, C. P. (June 1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1449665">"Review: <i>Elements of Statistics</i> by A. L. Bowley"</a>. <i>The Economic Journal</i>. <b>11</b> (42): 193–197. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2957149">10.2307/2957149</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2957149">2957149</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:190139505">190139505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Journal&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Elements+of+Statistics+by+A.+L.+Bowley&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=42&rft.pages=193-197&rft.date=1901-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A190139505%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2957149%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2957149&rft.au=Sanger%2C+C.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1449665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Lyon+Bowley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarnell1981">Darnell (1981)</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdgeworth,_F._Y.1924" class="citation journal cs1">Edgeworth, F. Y. (September 1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.byterfly.eu/islandora/object/librib:719073/datastream/PDF/content/librib_719073.pdf">"Review: <i>The Mathematical Groundwork of Economics</i> by A. L. Bowley"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Economic Journal</i>. <b>34</b> (135): 430–434. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2222651">10.2307/2222651</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2222651">2222651</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Journal&rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+Mathematical+Groundwork+of+Economics+by+A.+L.+Bowley&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=135&rft.pages=430-434&rft.date=1924-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2222651&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2222651%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Edgeworth%2C+F.+Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.byterfly.eu%2Fislandora%2Fobject%2Flibrib%3A719073%2Fdatastream%2FPDF%2Fcontent%2Flibrib_719073.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Lyon+Bowley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPersons,_W._M.1925" class="citation journal cs1">Persons, W. M. (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1925-31-08/S0002-9904-1925-04111-7/S0002-9904-1925-04111-7.pdf">"Review: <i>The Mathematical Groundwork of Economics</i> by A. L. Bowley"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>31</b> (8): 469–470. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1925-04111-7">10.1090/s0002-9904-1925-04111-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+Mathematical+Groundwork+of+Economics+by+A.+L.+Bowley&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=469-470&rft.date=1925&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1925-04111-7&rft.au=Persons%2C+W.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1925-31-08%2FS0002-9904-1925-04111-7%2FS0002-9904-1925-04111-7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Lyon+Bowley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette34396" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34396/supplement/3073">"No. 34396"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 11 May 1937. pp. 3073–3106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+34396&rft.pages=3073-3106&rft.date=1937-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F34396%2Fsupplement%2F3073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Lyon+Bowley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317044817/http://www.rss.org.uk/site/cms/contentviewarticle.asp?article=486">"Royal Statistical Society Presidents"</a>. Royal Statistical Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rss.org.uk/site/cms/contentviewarticle.asp?article=486">the original</a> on 17 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Statistical+Society+Presidents&rft.pub=Royal+Statistical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rss.org.uk%2Fsite%2Fcms%2Fcontentviewarticle.asp%3Farticle%3D486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Lyon+Bowley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunning2009" class="citation cs2">Dunning, John H. (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kneQxADTuS0C&pg=PA58"><i>Seasons of a Scholar: Some Personal Reflections of an International Business Economist</i></a>, Edward Elgar Publishing, p. 58, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848444973" title="Special:BookSources/9781848444973"><bdi>9781848444973</bdi></a>, <q>Marian Bowley was as rigorous and demanding a scholar as I imagine her father – Sir Arthur Bowley, the father of economic statistics and Professor of Economics at University College Reading between 1907 and 1919 – must have been.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seasons+of+a+Scholar%3A+Some+Personal+Reflections+of+an+International+Business+Economist&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781848444973&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkneQxADTuS0C%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Lyon+Bowley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Lyon_Bowley&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Arthur Lyon Bowley">Arthur Lyon Bowley</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060213233326/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/horizons/H32_web.pdf">Horizons March 2005: Stats in History—Arthurian Legend</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121223085643/http://archives.lse.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=COLL+MISC+0772">Bowley Papers at the LSE Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050228230810/http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/bowley.htm">New School: Arthur Lyon Bowley</a></li></ul> <p>The New School entry has a photograph. There is another at </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/histstat/people/bowley.gif">Bowley</a> on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/histstat/people/welcome.htm">Portraits of Statisticians</a> page.</li></ul> <p>In the 4th edition of the <i>Elements</i> (1920) Bowley gave a lot more space to statistical theory. The following excerpt illustrates his approach </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/histstat/bowley.pdf">Bowley's Pearsonian approach to chi-squared</a> on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/histstat/lifework.htm">Life and Work of Statisticians</a> page.</li></ul> <p>This was written just before Bowley got involved in the controversy between Fisher and Pearson on chi-squared. In the fifth edition (1926) Bowley added a reference to his own contribution. </p><p>For Bowley's contribution to sampling theory put in historical perspective see </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000919054016/http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/~fienberg/DonnerReports/FirstCensus.pdf">Part D: A Review of Statistical Sampling from Laplace to Neyman</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp78960">Portraits of Arthur Lyon Bowley</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2368112#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Guy_Medallists" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guy_Medal" title="Template:Guy Medal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guy_Medal" title="Template talk:Guy Medal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guy_Medal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guy Medal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Guy_Medallists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Medal" title="Guy Medal">Guy Medallists</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Gold_medallists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gold medallists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Booth_(philanthropist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Booth (philanthropist)">Charles Booth</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Giffen" title="Robert Giffen">Robert Giffen</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jervoise_Athelstane_Baines" title="Jervoise Athelstane Baines">Jervoise Athelstane Baines</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ysidro_Edgeworth" title="Francis Ysidro Edgeworth">Francis Ysidro Edgeworth</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Craigie" title="Patrick Craigie">Patrick G. Craigie</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udny_Yule" title="Udny Yule">G. Udny Yule</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._H._C._Stevenson" title="T. H. C. Stevenson">T. H. C. Stevenson</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_William_Flux" title="Alfred William Flux">A. William Flux</a> (1930)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A. L. Bowley</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Greenwood" title="Major Greenwood">Major Greenwood</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">R. A. Fisher</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Bradford_Hill" title="Austin Bradford Hill">A. Bradford Hill</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Pearson" title="Egon Pearson">E. S. Pearson</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Yates" title="Frank Yates">Frank Yates</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">Harold Jeffreys</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Neyman" title="Jerzy Neyman">Jerzy Neyman</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Kendall" title="Maurice Kendall">M. G. Kendall</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Bartlett" title="M. S. Bartlett">M. S. Bartlett</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Cram%C3%A9r" title="Harald Cramér">Harald Cramér</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cox_(statistician)" title="David Cox (statistician)">David Cox</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Alfred_Barnard" title="George Alfred Barnard">G. A. Barnard</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._G._D._Allen" title="R. G. D. Allen">Roy Allen</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_George_Kendall" title="David George Kendall">D. G. Kendall</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Daniels_(statistician)" title="Henry Daniels (statistician)">Henry Daniels</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Benjamin" title="Bernard Benjamin">Bernard Benjamin</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Plackett" title="Robin Plackett">Robin Plackett</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Armitage_(statistician)" title="Peter Armitage (statistician)">Peter Armitage</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._P._Box" title="George E. P. Box">George E. P. Box</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Whittle_(mathematician)" title="Peter Whittle (mathematician)">Peter Whittle</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Healy_(statistician)" title="Michael Healy (statistician)">Michael Healy</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Lindley" title="Dennis Lindley">Dennis Lindley</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelder" title="John Nelder">John Nelder</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Durbin" title="James Durbin">James Durbin</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Rao" title="C. R. Rao">C. R. Rao</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kingman" title="John Kingman">John Kingman</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Efron" title="Bradley Efron">Bradley Efron</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(statistician)" title="Adrian Smith (statistician)">Adrian Smith</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Buckland" title="Stephen Buckland">Stephen Buckland</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Spiegelhalter" title="David Spiegelhalter">David Spiegelhalter</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reid" title="Nancy Reid">Nancy Reid</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Silver_medallists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Silver medallists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Glover_(statistician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Glover (statistician) (page does not exist)">John Glover</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus_Sauerbeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus Sauerbeck (page does not exist)">Augustus Sauerbeck</a> (1894)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A. L. Bowley</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._J._Atkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. J. Atkinson (page does not exist)">F. J. Atkinson</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._S._Loch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. S. Loch (page does not exist)">C. S. Loch</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Crawford_(statistician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Crawford (statistician) (page does not exist)">Richard Crawford</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Welton" title="Thomas A. Welton">Thomas A. Welton</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Hawthorn_Hooker" title="Reginald Hawthorn Hooker">R. H. Hooker</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Guyot" title="Yves Guyot">Yves Guyot</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Thomas" title="D. A. Thomas">D. A. Thomas</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Henry_Rew" title="R. Henry Rew">R. H. Rew</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._H._Shaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. H. Shaw (page does not exist)">W. H. Shaw</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N._A._Humphreys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N. A. Humphreys (page does not exist)">N. A. Humphreys</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brabrook" title="Edward Brabrook">Edward Brabrook</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Wood_(statistician)" title="George Henry Wood (statistician)">G. H. Wood</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._Dudfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. Dudfield (page does not exist)">R. Dudfield</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S._Rowson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. Rowson (page does not exist)">S. Rowson</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Chapman_(economist)" title="Sydney Chapman (economist)">S. J. Chapman</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Shield_Nicholson" title="Joseph Shield Nicholson">J. S. Nicholson</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Stamp,_1st_Baron_Stamp" title="Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp">J. C. Stamp</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_William_Flux" title="Alfred William Flux">A. William Flux</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_William_Macrosty" title="Henry William Macrosty">H. W. Macrosty</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Newbold" title="Ethel Newbold">Ethel Newbold</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Edward_Soper" title="Herbert Edward Soper">H. E. Soper</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._H._Jones_(economist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. H. Jones (economist) (page does not exist)">J. H. Jones</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Charles_Snow" title="Ernest Charles Snow">Ernest Charles Snow</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_George_Hawtrey" title="Ralph George Hawtrey">R. G. Hawtrey</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._C._Ramsbottom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. C. Ramsbottom (page does not exist)">E. C. Ramsbottom</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Isserlis" title="Leon Isserlis">L. Isserlis</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Leak" title="Hector Leak">H. Leak</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Kendall" title="Maurice Kendall">M. G. Kendall</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Campion" title="Harry Campion">Harry Campion</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._A._A._Menzler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. A. A. Menzler (page does not exist)">F. A. A. Menzler</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Bartlett" title="M. S. Bartlett">M. S. Bartlett</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Oscar_Irwin" title="Joseph Oscar Irwin">J. O. Irwin</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._H._C._Tippett" title="L. H. C. Tippett">L. H. C. Tippett</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_George_Kendall" title="David George Kendall">D. G. Kendall</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Daniels_(statistician)" title="Henry Daniels (statistician)">Henry Daniels</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Alfred_Barnard" title="George Alfred Barnard">G. A. Barnard</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._C._Fieller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. C. Fieller (page does not exist)">E. C. Fieller</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cox_(statistician)" title="David Cox (statistician)">D. R. Cox</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Vasudeo_Sukhatme" title="Pandurang Vasudeo Sukhatme">P. V. Sukhatme</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._P._Box" title="George E. P. Box">George E. P. Box</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Rao" title="C. R. Rao">C. R. Rao</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Whittle_(mathematician)" title="Peter Whittle (mathematician)">Peter Whittle</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Lindley" title="Dennis Lindley">Dennis Lindley</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Plackett" title="Robin Plackett">Robin Plackett</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Durbin" title="James Durbin">James Durbin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelder" title="John Nelder">John Nelder</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Armitage_(statistician)" title="Peter Armitage (statistician)">Peter Armitage</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Healy_(statistician)" title="Michael Healy (statistician)">Michael Healy</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._Stone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. Stone (page does not exist)">M. Stone</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kingman" title="John Kingman">John Kingman</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wynn" title="Henry Wynn">Henry Wynn</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Besag" title="Julian Besag">Julian Besag</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Gittins" title="John C. Gittins">J. C. Gittins</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._Bissell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. Bissell (page does not exist)">A. Bissell</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._Pridmore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. Pridmore (page does not exist)">W. Pridmore</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Peto" title="Richard Peto">Richard Peto</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Copas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Copas (page does not exist)">John Copas</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aitchison" title="John Aitchison">John Aitchison</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Kelly_(mathematician)" title="Frank Kelly (mathematician)">F. P. Kelly</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Clayton" title="David Clayton">David Clayton</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._L._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. L. Smith (page does not exist)">R. L. Smith</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nicholas_Curnow" title="Robert Nicholas Curnow">Robert Nicholas Curnow</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(statistician)" title="Adrian Smith (statistician)">A. F. M. Smith</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Spiegelhalter" title="David Spiegelhalter">David Spiegelhalter</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Silverman" title="Bernard Silverman">B. W. Silverman</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steffen_Lauritzen" title="Steffen Lauritzen">Steffen Lauritzen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diggle" title="Peter Diggle">Peter Diggle</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Goldstein" title="Harvey Goldstein">Harvey Goldstein</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Green_(statistician)" title="Peter Green (statistician)">Peter Green</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Gilks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Gilks (page does not exist)">Walter Gilks</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Dawid" title="Philip Dawid">Philip Dawid</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hand_(statistician)" title="David Hand (statistician)">David Hand</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanti_Mardia" title="Kanti Mardia">Kanti Mardia</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Donnelly" title="Peter Donnelly">Peter Donnelly</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_McCullagh" title="Peter McCullagh">Peter McCullagh</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Titterington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Titterington (page does not exist)">Michael Titterington</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Tong" title="Howell Tong">Howell Tong</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Roberts_(statistician)" title="Gareth Roberts (statistician)">Gareth Roberts</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Richardson" title="Sylvia Richardson">Sylvia Richardson</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_M._Johnstone" title="Iain M. Johnstone">Iain M. Johnstone</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gavin_Hall" title="Peter Gavin Hall">P. G. Hall</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Firth_(statistician)" title="David Firth (statistician)">David Firth</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_D._Ripley" title="Brian D. Ripley">Brian Ripley</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianqing_Fan" title="Jianqing Fan">Jianqing Fan</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_C._Davison" title="Anthony C. Davison">Anthony Davison</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reid" title="Nancy Reid">Nancy Reid</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Shephard" title="Neil Shephard">Neil Shephard</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_B%C3%BChlmann" title="Peter Bühlmann">Peter Bühlmann</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Murphy" title="Susan Murphy">Susan Murphy</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnaud_Doucet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnaud Doucet (page does not exist)">Arnaud Doucet</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A5vard_Rue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Håvard Rue (page does not exist)">Håvard Rue</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fearnhead" title="Paul Fearnhead">Paul Fearnhead</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bronze_medallists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bronze medallists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Gemmell_Cochran" title="William Gemmell Cochran">William Gemmell Cochran</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._F._George&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. F. George (page does not exist)">R. F. George</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._J._Jennett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. J. Jennett (page does not exist)">W. J. Jennett</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Armitage_(statistician)" title="Peter Armitage (statistician)">Peter Armitage</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Durbin" title="James Durbin">James Durbin</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Downton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. Downton (page does not exist)">F. Downton</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Plackett" title="Robin Plackett">Robin Plackett</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._C._Pike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. C. Pike (page does not exist)">M. C. Pike</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._G._Moore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. G. Moore (page does not exist)">P. G. Moore</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._J._Bartholomew" title="D. J. Bartholomew">D. J. Bartholomew</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G._N._Wilkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G. N. Wilkinson (page does not exist)">G. N. Wilkinson</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._F._Bissell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. F. Bissell (page does not exist)">A. F. Bissell</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._L._Goldsmith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. L. Goldsmith (page does not exist)">P. L. Goldsmith</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(statistician)" title="Adrian Smith (statistician)">A. F. M. Smith</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Dawid" title="Philip Dawid">Philip Dawid</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._M._F._Smith" title="T. M. F. Smith">T. M. F. Smith</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._J._Fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. J. Fox (page does not exist)">A. J. Fox</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S._J._Pocock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. J. Pocock (page does not exist)">S. J. Pocock</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_McCullagh" title="Peter McCullagh">Peter McCullagh</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Silverman" title="Bernard Silverman">Bernard Silverman</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Spiegelhalter" title="David Spiegelhalter">David Spiegelhalter</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Forbes_Hendry" title="David Forbes Hendry">D. F. Hendry</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Green_(statistician)" title="Peter Green (statistician)">Peter Green</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._C._Darby" class="mw-redirect" title="S. C. Darby">S. C. Darby</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._M._Gore" class="mw-redirect" title="S. M. Gore">S. M. Gore</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Isham" title="Valerie Isham">Valerie Isham</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._G._Kenward&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. G. Kenward (page does not exist)">M. G. Kenward</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._Jennison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. Jennison (page does not exist)">C. Jennison</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Tawn" title="Jonathan Tawn">Jonathan Tawn</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._F._A._Poultney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. F. A. Poultney (page does not exist)">R. F. A. Poultney</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_M._Johnstone" title="Iain M. Johnstone">Iain M. Johnstone</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._N._S._Matthews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. N. S. Matthews (page does not exist)">J. N. S. Matthews</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Roberts_(statistician)" title="Gareth Roberts (statistician)">Gareth Roberts</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D._Firth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D. Firth (page does not exist)">D. Firth</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._W._F._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. W. F. Smith (page does not exist)">P. W. F. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Forster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Forster (page does not exist)">J. Forster</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Wakefield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Wakefield (page does not exist)">J. Wakefield</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Nason" title="Guy Nason">Guy Nason</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geert_Molenberghs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geert Molenberghs (page does not exist)">Geert Molenberghs</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Lynn_(statistician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Lynn (statistician) (page does not exist)">Peter Lynn</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Best" title="Nicky Best">Nicola Best</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Brooks_(statistician)" title="Steve Brooks (statistician)">Steve Brooks</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Stephens_(statistician)" title="Matthew Stephens (statistician)">Matthew Stephens</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fearnhead" title="Paul Fearnhead">Paul Fearnhead</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiona_Steele" title="Fiona Steele">Fiona Steele</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Holmes_(mathematician)" title="Chris Holmes (mathematician)">Chris Holmes</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omiros_Papaspiliopoulos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omiros Papaspiliopoulos (page does not exist)">Omiros Papaspiliopoulos</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolai_Meinshausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolai Meinshausen (page does not exist)">Nicolai Meinshausen</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Samworth" title="Richard Samworth">Richard Samworth</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piotr_Fryzlewicz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piotr Fryzlewicz (page does not exist)">Piotr Fryzlewicz</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ming_Yuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ming Yuan (page does not exist)">Ming Yuan</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchi_Lv" title="Jinchi Lv">Jinchi Lv</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingying_Fan" title="Yingying Fan">Yingying Fan</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peng_Ding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peng Ding (page does not exist)">Peng Ding</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Peters_(statistician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Peters (statistician) (page does not exist)">Jonas Peters</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_McCrea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rachel McCrea (page does not exist)">Rachel McCrea</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_E._Jacob&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre E. Jacob (page does not exist)">Pierre E. Jacob</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajan_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajan Shah (page does not exist)">Rajan Shah</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_Statistical_Society_presidents" title="Template:Royal Statistical Society presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Royal_Statistical_Society_presidents" title="Template talk:Royal Statistical Society presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Royal_Statistical_Society_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Royal Statistical Society presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" title="List of presidents of the Royal Statistical Society">Presidents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Statistical_Society" title="Royal Statistical Society">Royal Statistical Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1834–1836 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">The Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li>1836–1838 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lemon" title="Charles Lemon">Sir Charles Lemon, Bt</a></li> <li>1838–1840 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth-Fitzwilliam,_5th_Earl_Fitzwilliam" title="Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 5th Earl Fitzwilliam">The Earl FitzWilliam</a></li> <li>1840–1842 <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_2nd_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby">Viscount Sandon</a></li> <li>1842–1843 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">The Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li>1843–1845 <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_7th_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury">Lord Ashley</a></li> <li>1845–1847 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Spring_Rice,_1st_Baron_Monteagle_of_Brandon" title="Thomas Spring Rice, 1st Baron Monteagle of Brandon">The Lord Monteagle of Brandon</a></li> <li>1847–1849 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth-Fitzwilliam,_5th_Earl_Fitzwilliam" title="Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 5th Earl Fitzwilliam">The Earl FitzWilliam</a></li> <li>1849–1851 <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_2nd_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby">The Earl of Harrowby</a></li> <li>1851–1853 <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Jones-Loyd,_1st_Baron_Overstone" title="Samuel Jones-Loyd, 1st Baron Overstone">The Lord Overstone</a></li> <li>1853–1855 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth-Fitzwilliam,_5th_Earl_Fitzwilliam" title="Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 5th Earl Fitzwilliam">The Earl FitzWilliam</a></li> <li>1855–1857 <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_2nd_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby">The Earl of Harrowby</a></li> <li>1857–1859 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Lord Stanley</a></li> <li>1859–1861 <a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Lord John Russell</a></li> <li>1861–1863 <a href="/wiki/John_Pakington,_1st_Baron_Hampton" title="John Pakington, 1st Baron Hampton">Sir John Pakington, Bt</a></li> <li>1863–1865 <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Sykes" title="William Henry Sykes">William Henry Sykes</a></li> <li>1865–1867 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Monckton_Milnes,_1st_Baron_Houghton" title="Richard Monckton Milnes, 1st Baron Houghton">The Lord Houghton</a></li> <li>1867–1869 <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a></li> <li>1869–1871 <a href="/wiki/William_Newmarch" title="William Newmarch">William Newmarch</a></li> <li>1871–1873 <a href="/wiki/William_Farr" title="William Farr">William Farr</a></li> <li>1873–1875 <a href="/wiki/William_Guy" title="William Guy">William Guy</a></li> <li>1875–1877 <a href="/wiki/James_Heywood_(philanthropist)" title="James Heywood (philanthropist)">James Heywood</a></li> <li>1877–1879 <a href="/wiki/George_Shaw-Lefevre,_1st_Baron_Eversley" class="mw-redirect" title="George Shaw-Lefevre, 1st Baron Eversley">George Shaw-Lefevre</a></li> <li>1879–1880 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brassey,_1st_Earl_Brassey" title="Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey">Thomas Brassey</a></li> <li>1880–1882 <a href="/wiki/James_Caird_(1816-1892)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Caird (1816-1892)">James Caird</a></li> <li>1882–1884 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Giffen" title="Robert Giffen">Robert Giffen</a></li> <li>1884–1886 <a href="/wiki/Rawson_W._Rawson" title="Rawson W. Rawson">Rawson W. Rawson</a></li> <li>1886–1888 <a href="/wiki/George_Goschen,_1st_Viscount_Goschen" title="George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen">George Goschen</a></li> <li>1888–1890 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graham_Balfour" title="Thomas Graham Balfour">Thomas Graham Balfour</a></li> <li>1890–1892 <a href="/wiki/Frederic_J._Mouat" title="Frederic J. Mouat">Frederic J. Mouat</a></li> <li>1892–1894 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Booth_(social_reformer)" title="Charles Booth (social reformer)">Charles Booth</a></li> <li>1894–1896 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Farrer,_1st_Baron_Farrer" title="Thomas Farrer, 1st Baron Farrer">The Lord Farrer</a></li> <li>1896–1897 <a href="/wiki/John_Biddulph_Martin" title="John Biddulph Martin">John Biddulph Martin</a></li> <li>1897 <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Edmund_Bateman" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Edmund Bateman">Alfred Edmund Bateman</a></li> <li>1897–1899 <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Courtney,_1st_Baron_Courtney_of_Penwith" title="Leonard Courtney, 1st Baron Courtney of Penwith">Leonard Courtney</a></li> <li>1899–1900 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fowler,_1st_Viscount_Wolverhampton" title="Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton">Henry Fowler</a></li> <li>1900–1902 <a href="/wiki/John_Lubbock,_1st_Baron_Avebury" title="John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury">The Lord Avebury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1902–1904 <a href="/wiki/Patrick_George_Craigie" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick George Craigie">Patrick George Craigie</a></li> <li>1904–1905 <a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Powell,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Powell, 1st Baronet">Sir Francis Powell, Bt</a></li> <li>1905–1906 <a href="/wiki/William_Onslow,_4th_Earl_of_Onslow" title="William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow">The Earl of Onslow</a></li> <li>1906–1907 <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Martin,_1st_Baronet,_of_Overbury_Court" title="Sir Richard Martin, 1st Baronet, of Overbury Court">Richard Martin</a></li> <li>1907–1909 <a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Dilke,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Dilke, 2nd Baronet">Sir Charles Dilke, Bt</a></li> <li>1909–1910 <a href="/wiki/Jervoise_Athelstane_Baines" title="Jervoise Athelstane Baines">Jervoise Athelstane Baines</a></li> <li>1910–1912 <a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Hamilton" title="Lord George Hamilton">Lord George Hamilton</a></li> <li>1912–1914 <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ysidro_Edgeworth" title="Francis Ysidro Edgeworth">Francis Ysidro Edgeworth</a></li> <li>1914–1915 <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Welby,_1st_Baron_Welby" title="Reginald Welby, 1st Baron Welby">The Lord Welby</a></li> <li>1915–1916 <a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Hamilton" title="Lord George Hamilton">Lord George Hamilton</a></li> <li>1916–1918 <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Mallet" title="Bernard Mallet">Bernard Mallet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Registrar General">Registrar General</a></li> <li>1918–1920 <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel">Herbert Samuel</a></li> <li>1920–1922 <a href="/wiki/R._Henry_Rew" title="R. Henry Rew">R. Henry Rew</a></li> <li>1922–1924 <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Emmott,_1st_Baron_Emmott" title="Alfred Emmott, 1st Baron Emmott">The Lord Emmott</a></li> <li>1924–1926 <a href="/wiki/Udny_Yule" title="Udny Yule">Udny Yule</a></li> <li>1926–1928 <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Vincent,_1st_Viscount_D%27Abernon" title="Edgar Vincent, 1st Viscount D'Abernon">The Viscount D'Abernon</a></li> <li>1928–1930 <a href="/wiki/A._William_Flux" class="mw-redirect" title="A. William Flux">A. William Flux</a></li> <li>1930–1932 <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Stamp,_1st_Baron_Stamp" title="Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp">Sir Josiah Stamp</a></li> <li>1932–1934 <a href="/wiki/James_Meston,_1st_Baron_Meston" title="James Meston, 1st Baron Meston">The Lord Meston</a></li> <li>1934–1936 <a href="/wiki/Major_Greenwood" title="Major Greenwood">Major Greenwood</a></li> <li>1936–1938 <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Young,_1st_Baron_Kennet" title="Hilton Young, 1st Baron Kennet">The Lord Kennet</a></li> <li>1938–1940 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur Lyon Bowley</a></li> <li>1940–1941 <a href="/wiki/Henry_William_Macrosty" title="Henry William Macrosty">Henry William Macrosty</a></li> <li>1941 <a href="/wiki/Hector_Leak" title="Hector Leak">Hector Leak</a></li> <li>1941–1943 <a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">William Beveridge</a></li> <li>1943–1945 <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Charles_Snow" title="Ernest Charles Snow">Ernest Charles Snow</a></li> <li>1945–1947 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Marquis,_1st_Earl_of_Woolton" title="Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton">The Lord Woolton</a></li> <li>1947–1949 <a href="/wiki/David_Heron_(statistician)" title="David Heron (statistician)">David Heron</a></li> <li>1949–1950 <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Heyworth,_1st_Baron_Heyworth" title="Geoffrey Heyworth, 1st Baron Heyworth">Sir Geoffrey Heyworth</a></li> <li>1950–1952 <a href="/wiki/Austin_Bradford_Hill" title="Austin Bradford Hill">Austin Bradford Hill</a></li> <li>1952–1954 <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">Ronald Fisher</a></li> <li>1954–1955 <a href="/wiki/William_Piercy,_1st_Baron_Piercy" title="William Piercy, 1st Baron Piercy">The Lord Piercy</a></li> <li>1955–1957 <a href="/wiki/Egon_Pearson" title="Egon Pearson">Egon Pearson</a></li> <li>1957–1959 <a href="/wiki/Harry_Campion" title="Harry Campion">Harry Campion</a></li> <li>1959–1960 <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Beaver" title="Hugh Beaver">Hugh Beaver</a></li> <li>1960–1962 <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Kendall" title="Maurice Kendall">Maurice Kendall</a></li> <li>1962–1964 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Oscar_Irwin" title="Joseph Oscar Irwin">Joseph Oscar Irwin</a></li> <li>1964–1965 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chambers_(industrialist)" title="Paul Chambers (industrialist)">Sir Paul Chambers</a></li> <li>1965–1966 <a href="/wiki/L._H._C._Tippett" title="L. H. C. Tippett">L. H. C. Tippett</a></li> <li>1966–1967 <a href="/wiki/M._S._Bartlett" title="M. S. Bartlett">M. S. Bartlett</a></li> <li>1967–1968 <a href="/wiki/Frank_Yates" title="Frank Yates">Frank Yates</a></li> <li>1968–1969 <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cockfield,_Baron_Cockfield" title="Arthur Cockfield, Baron Cockfield">Arthur Cockfield</a></li> <li>1969–1970 <a href="/wiki/R._G._D._Allen" title="R. G. D. Allen">R. G. D. Allen</a></li> <li>1970–1971 <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Benjamin" title="Bernard Benjamin">Bernard Benjamin</a></li> <li>1971–1972 <a href="/wiki/George_Alfred_Barnard" title="George Alfred Barnard">George Alfred Barnard</a></li> <li>1972–1973 <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></li> <li>1973–1974 <a href="/wiki/D._J._Finney" title="D. J. Finney">D. J. Finney</a></li> <li>1974–1975 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Daniels_(statistician)" title="Henry Daniels (statistician)">Henry Daniels</a></li> <li>1975–1977 <a href="/wiki/Stella_Cunliffe" title="Stella Cunliffe">Stella Cunliffe</a></li> <li>1977–1978 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wynn" title="Henry Wynn">Henry Wynn</a></li> <li>1978–1980 <a href="/wiki/Claus_Moser,_Baron_Moser" title="Claus Moser, Baron Moser">Sir Claus Moser</a></li> <li>1980–1982 <a href="/wiki/David_Cox_(statistician)" title="David Cox (statistician)">David Cox</a></li> <li>1982–1984 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Armitage_(statistician)" title="Peter Armitage (statistician)">Peter Armitage</a></li> <li>1984–1985 <a href="/wiki/Walter_Bodmer" title="Walter Bodmer">Walter Bodmer</a></li> <li>1985–1986 <a href="/wiki/John_Nelder" title="John Nelder">John Nelder</a></li> <li>1986–1987 <a href="/wiki/James_Durbin" title="James Durbin">James Durbin</a></li> <li>1987–1989 <a href="/wiki/John_Kingman" title="John Kingman">John Kingman</a></li> <li>1989–1991 <a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Moore" title="Peter G. Moore">Peter G. Moore</a></li> <li>1991–1993 <a href="/wiki/T._M._F._Smith" title="T. M. F. Smith">T. M. F. Smith</a></li> <li>1993–1995 <a href="/wiki/D._J._Bartholomew" title="D. J. Bartholomew">D. J. Bartholomew</a></li> <li>1995–1997 <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(statistician)" title="Adrian Smith (statistician)">Adrian Smith</a></li> <li>1997–1999 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nicholas_Curnow" title="Robert Nicholas Curnow">Robert Nicholas Curnow</a></li> <li>1999–2001 <a href="/wiki/Denise_Lievesley" title="Denise Lievesley">Denise Lievesley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001–2003 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Green_(statistician)" title="Peter Green (statistician)">Peter Green</a></li> <li>2003–2005 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andy_Grieve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andy Grieve (page does not exist)">Andy Grieve</a></li> <li>2005–2007 <a href="/wiki/Tim_Holt_(statistician)" title="Tim Holt (statistician)">Tim Holt</a></li> <li>2008–2009 <a href="/wiki/David_Hand_(statistician)" title="David Hand (statistician)">David Hand</a></li> <li>2010–2010 <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Silverman" title="Bernard Silverman">Bernard Silverman</a> (resigned Feb 2010; replaced <i>pro tem</i> by David Hand)</li> <li>2011–2012 <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Isham" title="Valerie Isham">Valerie Isham</a></li> <li>2013–2014 <a href="/wiki/John_Pullinger" title="John Pullinger">John Pullinger</a></li> <li>2014–2016 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Diggle" title="Peter Diggle">Peter Diggle</a></li> <li>2017–2018 <a href="/wiki/David_Spiegelhalter" title="David Spiegelhalter">David Spiegelhalter</a></li> <li>2019– <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Ashby" title="Deborah Ashby">Deborah Ashby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" title="Category:Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" title="List of presidents of the Royal Statistical Society">List</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" title="Template:Presidents of the Econometric Society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Econometric Society"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Econometric Society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Econometric_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Econometric Society">Presidents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Econometric_Society" title="Econometric Society">Econometric Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1931–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Irving Fisher</a> (1931–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Divisia" title="François Divisia">François Divisia</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hotelling" title="Harold Hotelling">Harold Hotelling</a> (1936–1937)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur Bowley</a> (1938–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a> (1940–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clair_Mitchell" title="Wesley Clair Mitchell">Wesley Mitchell</a> (1942–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a> (1944–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Marschak" title="Jacob Marschak">Jacob Marschak</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Jan Tinbergen</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Roos" title="Charles F. Roos">Charles Roos</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling Koopmans</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._G._D._Allen" title="R. G. D. Allen">R. G. D. Allen</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Roy_(economist)" title="René Roy (economist)">René Roy</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Wassily Leontief</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stone" title="Richard Stone">Richard Stone</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo" title="Trygve Haavelmo">Trygve Haavelmo</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tobin" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Boiteux" title="Marcel Boiteux">Marcel Boiteux</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Klein" title="Lawrence Klein">Lawrence Klein</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Theil" title="Henri Theil">Henri Theil</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Modigliani" title="Franco Modigliani">Franco Modigliani</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Malinvaud" title="Edmond Malinvaud">Edmond Malinvaud</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michio_Morishima" title="Michio Morishima">Michio Morishima</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Wold" title="Herman Wold">Herman Wold</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_S._Houthakker" title="Hendrik S. Houthakker">Hendrik Houthakker</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hahn" title="Frank Hahn">Frank Hahn</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dr%C3%A8ze" title="Jacques Drèze">Jacques Drèze</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu" title="Gérard Debreu">Gérard Debreu</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._M._Gorman" title="W. M. Gorman">W. M. Gorman</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Radner" title="Roy Radner">Roy Radner</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Patinkin" title="Don Patinkin">Don Patinkin</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Griliches" title="Zvi Griliches">Zvi Griliches</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirofumi_Uzawa" title="Hirofumi Uzawa">Hirofumi Uzawa</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_W._McKenzie" title="Lionel W. McKenzie">Lionel McKenzie</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Kornai" title="János Kornai">János Kornai</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_M._Fisher" title="Franklin M. Fisher">Franklin M. Fisher</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sargan" title="Denis Sargan">J. Denis Sargan</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Nerlove" title="Marc Nerlove">Marc Nerlove</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James A. Mirrlees</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Scarf" title="Herbert Scarf">Herbert Scarf</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya K. Sen</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_McFadden" title="Daniel McFadden">Daniel McFadden</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bruno_(economist)" title="Michael Bruno (economist)">Michael Bruno</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_W._Jorgenson" title="Dale W. Jorgenson">Dale Jorgenson</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Atkinson" title="Tony Atkinson">Anthony B. Atkinson</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_F._Sonnenschein" title="Hugo F. Sonnenschein">Hugo Sonnenschein</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Michel_Grandmont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Michel Grandmont (page does not exist)">Jean-Michel Grandmont</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Grandmont" class="extiw" title="de:Jean-Michel Grandmont">de</a>]</span> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamond" title="Peter Diamond">Peter Diamond</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Laffont" title="Jean-Jacques Laffont">Jean-Jacques Laffont</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreu_Mas-Colell" title="Andreu Mas-Colell">Andreu Mas-Colell</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Negishi" title="Takashi Negishi">Takashi Negishi</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher Sims</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guesnerie" title="Roger Guesnerie">Roger Guesnerie</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Robert E. Lucas, Jr.</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Wilson" title="Robert B. Wilson">Robert B. Wilson</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elhanan_Helpman" title="Elhanan Helpman">Elhanan Helpman</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Dixit" title="Avinash Dixit">Avinash Dixit</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_Laroque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy Laroque (page does not exist)">Guy Laroque</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Laroque" class="extiw" title="fr:Guy Laroque">fr</a>]</span> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Maskin" title="Eric Maskin">Eric Maskin</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Rubinstein" title="Ariel Rubinstein">Ariel Rubinstein</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Blundell" title="Richard Blundell">Richard Blundell</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen" title="Lars Peter Hansen">Lars Peter Hansen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsten_Persson" title="Torsten Persson">Torsten Persson</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Myerson" title="Roger Myerson">Roger B. Myerson</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hardman_Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hardman Moore">John H. Moore</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Holmstr%C3%B6m" title="Bengt Holmström">Bengt Holmström</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Charles_Rochet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Charles Rochet (page does not exist)">Jean-Charles Rochet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Роше, Жан-Шарль">ru</a>]</span> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Heckman" title="James Heckman">James J. Heckman</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Arellano" title="Manuel Arellano">Manuel Arellano</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Porter_(economist)" title="Robert Porter (economist)">Robert Porter</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Dekel" title="Eddie Dekel">Eddie Dekel</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Fudenberg" title="Drew Fudenberg">Drew Fudenberg</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Besley" title="Tim Besley">Tim Besley</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Morris_(economist)" title="Stephen Morris (economist)">Stephen Morris</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orazio_Attanasio" title="Orazio Attanasio">Orazio Attanasio</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinelopi_Koujianou_Goldberg" title="Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg">Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Tabellini" title="Guido Tabellini">Guido Tabellini</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Matzkin" title="Rosa Matzkin">Rosa Matzkin</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliana_La_Ferrara" title="Eliana La Ferrara">Eliana La Ferrara</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Visualization_of_technical_information" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Visualization" title="Template:Visualization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Visualization" title="Template talk:Visualization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Visualization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Visualization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Visualization_of_technical_information" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Visualization</a> of technical information</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_data_visualization" title="Biological data visualization">Biological data visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_imaging" title="Chemical imaging">Chemical imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_mapping" title="Crime mapping">Crime mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_visualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Data visualization">Data visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Educational visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_visualization" title="Flow visualization">Flow visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geovisualization" title="Geovisualization">Geovisualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_visualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Information visualization">Information visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_diagram" title="Mathematical diagram">Mathematical visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">Medical imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_graphics" title="Molecular graphics">Molecular graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Product visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_visualization" title="Scientific visualization">Scientific visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_visualization" title="Social visualization">Social visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_visualization" title="Software visualization">Software visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">User interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_culture" title="Visual culture">Visual culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_rendering" title="Volume rendering">Volume visualization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Image <br />types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chart" title="Chart">Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagram" title="Diagram">Diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_drawing" title="Engineering drawing">Engineering drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_of_a_function" title="Graph of a function">Graph of a function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Map" title="Map">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">Photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plot_(graphics)" title="Plot (graphics)">Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankey_diagram" title="Sankey diagram">Sankey diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schematic" title="Schematic">Schematic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_formula" title="Skeletal formula">Skeletal formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_graphics" title="Statistical graphics">Statistical graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_(information)" title="Table (information)">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_illustration" title="Technical illustration">Technical illustration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Halley" title="Edmond Halley">Edmond Halley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Ren%C3%A9_de_Fourcroy" title="Charles-René de Fourcroy">Charles-René de Fourcroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Monge" title="Gaspard Monge">Gaspard Monge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupin" title="Charles Dupin">Charles Dupin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Quetelet" title="Adolphe Quetelet">Adolphe Quetelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Michel_Guerry" title="André-Michel Guerry">André-Michel Guerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Playfair" title="William Playfair">William Playfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Kekul%C3%A9" title="August Kekulé">August Kekulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Minard" title="Charles Joseph Minard">Charles Joseph Minard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Perozzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Perozzo (page does not exist)">Luigi Perozzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Amasa_Walker" title="Francis Amasa Walker">Francis Amasa Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Venn" title="John Venn">John Venn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Byrne_(mathematician)" title="Oliver Byrne (mathematician)">Oliver Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henry_Phineas_Riall_Sankey" title="Matthew Henry Phineas Riall Sankey">Matthew Sankey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Booth_(social_reformer)" title="Charles Booth (social reformer)">Charles Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_von_Mayr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg von Mayr (page does not exist)">Georg von Mayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Snow" title="John Snow">John Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale" title="Florence Nightingale">Florence Nightingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Pohlke" title="Karl Wilhelm Pohlke">Karl Wilhelm Pohlke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toussaint_Loua" title="Toussaint Loua">Toussaint Loua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early 20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Walter_Maunder" title="Edward Walter Maunder">Edward Walter Maunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Neurath" title="Otto Neurath">Otto Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gantt" title="Henry Gantt">Henry Gantt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur Lyon Bowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_G._Funkhouser" title="Howard G. Funkhouser">Howard G. Funkhouser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Peddle" title="John B. Peddle">John B. Peddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung">Ejnar Hertzsprung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell" title="Henry Norris Russell">Henry Norris Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_O._Lorenz" title="Max O. Lorenz">Max O. Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Kahn" title="Fritz Kahn">Fritz Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Beck" title="Harry Beck">Harry Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Raisz" title="Erwin Raisz">Erwin Raisz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mid 20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bertin" title="Jacques Bertin">Jacques Bertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Modley" title="Rudolf Modley">Rudolf Modley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Robinson" title="Arthur H. Robinson">Arthur H. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eleanor_Spear" title="Mary Eleanor Spear">Mary Eleanor Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Anderson" title="Edgar Anderson">Edgar Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_T._Fisher" title="Howard T. Fisher">Howard T. Fisher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late 20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borden_Dent" title="Borden Dent">Borden Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Holmes" title="Nigel Holmes">Nigel Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Cleveland" title="William S. Cleveland">William S. Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_G._Robertson" title="George G. Robertson">George G. Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_H._McCormick" title="Bruce H. McCormick">Bruce H. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Plaisant" title="Catherine Plaisant">Catherine Plaisant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Card" title="Stuart Card">Stuart Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Hanrahan" title="Pat Hanrahan">Pat Hanrahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Tufte" title="Edward Tufte">Edward Tufte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shneiderman" title="Ben Shneiderman">Ben Shneiderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Friendly" title="Michael Friendly">Michael Friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Wainer" title="Howard Wainer">Howard Wainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_A._Pickover" title="Clifford A. Pickover">Clifford A. Pickover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Rosenblum" title="Lawrence J. Rosenblum">Lawrence J. Rosenblum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._DeFanti" title="Thomas A. DeFanti">Thomas A. DeFanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Furnas" title="George Furnas">George Furnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheelagh_Carpendale" title="Sheelagh Carpendale">Sheelagh Carpendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Brewer" title="Cynthia Brewer">Cynthia Brewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jock_D._Mackinlay" title="Jock D. Mackinlay">Jock D. Mackinlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_MacEachren" title="Alan MacEachren">Alan MacEachren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Goodsell" title="David Goodsell">David Goodsell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwan-Liu_Ma" title="Kwan-Liu Ma">Kwan-Liu Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Maltz" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Maltz">Michael Maltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leland_Wilkinson" title="Leland Wilkinson">Leland Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Inselberg" title="Alfred Inselberg">Alfred Inselberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early 21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polo_Chau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polo Chau (page does not exist)">Polo Chau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Fry" title="Ben Fry">Ben Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Heer" title="Jeffrey Heer">Jeffrey Heer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Hullman" title="Jessica Hullman">Jessica Hullman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Kindlmann" title="Gordon Kindlmann">Gordon Kindlmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Koblin" title="Aaron Koblin">Aaron Koblin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Krzywinski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Krzywinski (page does not exist)">Martin Krzywinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_R._Johnson" title="Christopher R. Johnson">Christopher R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Lima" title="Manuel Lima">Manuel Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McCandless" title="David McCandless">David McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Martino" title="Mauro Martino">Mauro Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maeda" title="John Maeda">John Maeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriah_Meyer" title="Miriah Meyer">Miriah Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Munzner" title="Tamara Munzner">Tamara Munzner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ade_Olufeko" class="mw-redirect" title="Ade Olufeko">Ade Olufeko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanspeter_Pfister" title="Hanspeter Pfister">Hanspeter Pfister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Rosling" title="Hans Rosling">Hans Rosling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Silva_(computer_scientist)" title="Claudio Silva (computer scientist)">Claudio Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Stefaner" title="Moritz Stefaner">Moritz Stefaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernanda_Vi%C3%A9gas" title="Fernanda Viégas">Fernanda Viégas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_M._Wattenberg" title="Martin M. Wattenberg">Martin Wattenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bang_Wong" title="Bang Wong">Bang Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadley_Wickham" title="Hadley Wickham">Hadley Wickham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartography" title="Cartography">Cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartjunk" title="Chartjunk">Chartjunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_coding_in_data_visualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Color coding in data visualization">Color coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">Computer graphics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics_(computer_science)" title="Computer graphics (computer science)">in computer science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPK_coloring" title="CPK coloring">CPK coloring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_drawing" title="Graph drawing">Graph drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_organizer" title="Graphic organizer">Graphic organizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Imaging science">Imaging science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infographic" title="Infographic">Information graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_science" title="Information science">Information science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misleading_graph" title="Misleading graph">Misleading graph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroimaging" title="Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_drawing" title="Patent drawing">Patent drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_modelling" title="Scientific modelling">Scientific modelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_analysis" title="Spatial analysis">Spatial analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_analytics" title="Visual analytics">Visual analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Visual perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_cartography" title="Volume cartography">Volume cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_rendering" title="Volume rendering">Volume rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_art" title="Information art">Information art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2368112#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2368112#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2368112#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109006060">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/51752964">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1797614/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJm98DYjcwGbJVJDpT67pP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119357763">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79100162">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122910733">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122910733">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35715119">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0156879&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070943346">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm1363570xqx9xl">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810701786305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007274249405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058510683306706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14361922">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=278508">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:bowley.a-l">zbMATH</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1054646">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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