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<span>Techniques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comics_journalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comics_journalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Comics journalists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comics_journalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magazines_of_comics_journalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magazines_of_comics_journalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Magazines of comics journalism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Magazines_of_comics_journalism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Magazines of comics journalism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Magazines_of_comics_journalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Active" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Active</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Active-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defunct" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defunct"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Defunct</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defunct-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="438" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News" title="News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_style" title="News style">Writing style</a> (<a href="/wiki/Five_Ws" title="Five Ws">Five Ws</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_ethics_and_standards" title="Journalism ethics and standards">Ethics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Code_of_ethics_in_media" title="Code of ethics in media">code of ethics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_culture" title="Journalism culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalistic_objectivity" title="Journalistic objectivity">Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_values" title="News values">News values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_(journalism)" title="Source (journalism)">Attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">Editorial independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_school" title="Journalism school">Journalism school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_journalism_articles" title="Index of journalism articles">Index of journalism articles</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Areas</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_journalism" title="Arts journalism">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_journalism" title="Business journalism">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_journalism" title="Entertainment journalism">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_journalism" title="Environmental journalism">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_journalism" title="Fashion journalism">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_journalism" title="Medical journalism">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_journalism" title="Political journalism">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_journalism" title="Science journalism">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_journalism" title="Technology journalism">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_reporting" title="Traffic reporting">Traffic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_journalism" title="Video game journalism">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_correspondent" title="War correspondent">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_news" title="World news">World</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adversarial_journalism" title="Adversarial journalism">Adversarial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocacy_journalism" title="Advocacy journalism">Advocacy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Journalistic_interventionism" title="Journalistic interventionism">Interventionism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_journalism" title="Analytic journalism">Analytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_journalism" title="Broadcast journalism">Broadcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churnalism" title="Churnalism">Churnalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_journalism" title="Civic journalism">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_journalism" title="Collaborative journalism">Collaborative</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Comics-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_journalism" title="Community journalism">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_journalism" title="Database journalism">Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_journalism" title="Digital journalism">Digital/Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_journalism" title="Explanatory journalism">Explanatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">Fact-checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzo_journalism" title="Gonzo journalism">Gonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-interest_story" title="Human-interest story">Human-interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_journalism" title="Immersion journalism">Immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretive_journalism" title="Interpretive journalism">Interpretive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">Investigative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_journalism" title="Multimedia journalism">Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_journalism" title="Narrative journalism">Narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Journalism" title="New Journalism">New Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-profit_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit journalism">Non-profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_journalism" title="Opinion journalism">Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_journalism" title="Peace journalism">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">Press release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensor_journalism" title="Sensor journalism">Sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">Tabloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_press" title="Underground press">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_journalism" title="Video journalism">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_journalism" title="Visual journalism">Visual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchdog_journalism" title="Watchdog journalism">Watchdog</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Social impact</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Estate" title="Fourth Estate">Fourth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Estate" title="Fifth Estate">Fifth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infotainment" title="Infotainment">Infotainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_race_journalism" title="Horse race journalism">Horse race journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a> (<a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink-slime_journalism" title="Pink-slime journalism">Pink-slime journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_model" title="Propaganda model">Propaganda model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">Yellow journalism</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> <a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">News media</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">Newspapers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">Newspaper of record</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">TV and radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">News agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Roles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">Journalists (reporters)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columnist" title="Columnist">Columnist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_editing" title="Copy editing">Copy editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologist" title="Meteorologist">Meteorologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_presenter" title="News presenter">News presenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pundit" title="Pundit">Pundit / commentator</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/16px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/24px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/32px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Journalism" title="Portal:Journalism">Journalism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Journalism" title="Category:Journalism">Category: Journalism</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Journalism_sidebar" title="Template:Journalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Journalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Journalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gianluca_Costantini_Bassel_graphical_journalism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Example of comics/graphic journalism by Gianluca Costantini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gianluca_Costantini_Bassel_graphical_journalism.jpg/220px-Gianluca_Costantini_Bassel_graphical_journalism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gianluca_Costantini_Bassel_graphical_journalism.jpg/330px-Gianluca_Costantini_Bassel_graphical_journalism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gianluca_Costantini_Bassel_graphical_journalism.jpg/440px-Gianluca_Costantini_Bassel_graphical_journalism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>Example of comics/graphic journalism by Gianluca Costantini</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Comics journalism</b> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">journalism</a> that covers news or nonfiction events using the framework of <a href="/wiki/Comics" title="Comics">comics</a>, a combination of words and drawn images. Typically, sources are actual people featured in each story, and <a href="/wiki/Word_balloons" class="mw-redirect" title="Word balloons">word balloons</a> are actual quotes. The term "comics journalism" was coined by one of its most notable practitioners, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco" title="Joe Sacco">Joe Sacco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other terms for the practice include "graphic journalism,"<sup id="cite_ref-CA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "comic strip journalism", "cartoon journalism", "cartoon reporting",<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "comics reportage",<sup id="cite_ref-WashPost_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashPost-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "journalistic comics", "sequential reportage,"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "sketchbook reports".<sup id="cite_ref-Conduit_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conduit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Visual narrative storytelling has existed for thousands of years, but comics journalism brings reportage to the field in more direct ways. The <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Editorial_Cartoonists" title="Association of American Editorial Cartoonists">Association of American Editorial Cartoonists</a> distinguished comics journalism from <a href="/wiki/Political_cartoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Political cartoons">political cartoons</a> this way: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Editorial cartoons are quick, in-the-moment commentary, whose artists have to educate themselves on complex issues and craft well-informed opinions in a single take that emphasizes clarity under daily deadlines. Illustrated reporting, or comics journalism, takes days, weeks, or months to craft a story, which can run for pages, and which may or may not be presenting an opinion."<sup id="cite_ref-EP_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The use of the comics medium to cover real-life events for news organizations, publications or publishers (in graphic novel format) is currently at an all-time peak.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Comics journalism publications are active in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, Italy, and India, and comics journalists also hail from such countries as Russia, Lebanon, Belgium, Peru, and Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the works are featured online and in collaboration with established publications, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Small_press" title="Small press">small press</a>. In recent decades, works of comics journalism have appeared in such publications as <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Journalism_Review" title="Columbia Journalism Review">Columbia Journalism Review</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/LA_Weekly" title="LA Weekly">LA Weekly</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comics_journalism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OctopusTheVerdict1899.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt=""The Menace of the Hour" by George Luks, published in The Verdict magazine, 30 Jan. 1899." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/OctopusTheVerdict1899.jpg/220px-OctopusTheVerdict1899.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/OctopusTheVerdict1899.jpg/330px-OctopusTheVerdict1899.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/OctopusTheVerdict1899.jpg/440px-OctopusTheVerdict1899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1344" data-file-height="832" /></a><figcaption>"The Menace of the Hour" by George Luks, published in <i>The Verdict</i> magazine, 30 Jan. 1899.</figcaption></figure> <p>Antecedents to comics journalism included printmakers like <a href="/wiki/Currier_and_Ives" title="Currier and Ives">Currier and Ives</a>, who illustrated <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> battles; political cartoonists like <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nast" title="Thomas Nast">Thomas Nast</a>; and <a href="/wiki/George_Luks" title="George Luks">George Luks</a>, who was dubbed a "war artist" for his work from the front lines of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, pictorial representation (typically <a href="/wiki/Engravings" class="mw-redirect" title="Engravings">engravings</a>) of news events were commonly used before the proliferation of photography in publications such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Illustrated_London_News" title="The Illustrated London News">The Illustrated London News</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a></i>. </p><p>In the 1920s, the political magazine <i><a href="/wiki/New_Masses" title="New Masses">New Masses</a></i> sent cartoonists to cover strikes and labor battles, but they were restricted to single-panel cartoons.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s and the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a> did a number of true comics journalism pieces for magazines like <i><a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/TV_Guide" title="TV Guide">TV Guide</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1965, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb">Robert Crumb</a>, later a key founder of the <a href="/wiki/Underground_comix" title="Underground comix">underground comix</a> movement, produced "Bulgaria: A Sketchbook Report" for Kurtzman's <i><a href="/wiki/Help!_(magazine)" title="Help! (magazine)">Help!</a></i>, a tongue-in-cheek journalistic overview of the socialist country of <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, based on his own travels there.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crumb had done an earlier, similar "sketchbook report" on Harlem, which was also published in <i>Help!</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurtzman also hired <a href="/wiki/Jack_Davis_(cartoonist)" title="Jack Davis (cartoonist)">Jack Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Roth" title="Arnold Roth">Arnold Roth</a> to do light-hearted journalistic comics for <i>Help!</i><sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Editor/cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Rifas" title="Leonard Rifas">Leonard Rifas</a>' two-issue series <i>Corporate Crime Comics</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Sink_Press" title="Kitchen Sink Press">Kitchen Sink Press</a>, 1977, 1979) was an early example of comics reportage,<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a number of notable contributors, including <a href="/wiki/Greg_Irons" title="Greg Irons">Greg Irons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trina_Robbins" title="Trina Robbins">Trina Robbins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Driggs" title="Harry Driggs">Harry Driggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Colwell" title="Guy Colwell">Guy Colwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Deitch" title="Kim Deitch">Kim Deitch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Green_(cartoonist)" title="Justin Green (cartoonist)">Justin Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Kinney" title="Jay Kinney">Jay Kinney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Kitchen" title="Denis Kitchen">Denis Kitchen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gonick" title="Larry Gonick">Larry Gonick</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco" title="Joe Sacco">Joe Sacco</a> is widely considered to be one of the pioneers of the form,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> starting with his 1991 series <i><a href="/wiki/Palestine_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine (comics)">Palestine</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Sacco produced a number of works of comics journalism for such established publications as <i><a href="/wiki/Details_(magazine)" title="Details (magazine)">Details</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a></i>. Since then, he has published a number of book-length works of comics journalism. </p><p>In October 1994 cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Bill_Griffith" title="Bill Griffith">Bill Griffith</a> toured <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> for two weeks, during a period of mass exodus, as thousands of Cubans took advantage of President <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>'s decision to permit emigration for a limited time. In early 1995, Griffith published a six-week series of stories about Cuban culture and politics in his strip <i><a href="/wiki/Zippy_(comic_strip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zippy (comic strip)">Zippy</a></i>. The Cuba series included transcripts of conversations Griffith had conducted with various Cubans, including artists, government officials, and a <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a> priestess.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman">Art Spiegelman</a> was comics editor of <i><a href="/wiki/Details_(magazine)" title="Details (magazine)">Details</a></i> in the mid-1990s; in 1997 — modeling himself after Harvey Kurtzman — Spiegelman began assigning comics journalism pieces to a number of his cartoonist associates,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including Sacco, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kuper" title="Peter Kuper">Peter Kuper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Katchor" title="Ben Katchor">Ben Katchor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bagge" title="Peter Bagge">Peter Bagge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Burns_(cartoonist)" title="Charles Burns (cartoonist)">Charles Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaz_(cartoonist)" title="Kaz (cartoonist)">Kaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Deitch" title="Kim Deitch">Kim Deitch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jay_Lynch" title="Jay Lynch">Jay Lynch</a>. The magazine published these works of journalism in comics form throughout 1998 and 1999, helping to legitimize the form in popular perception.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 1998, and really intensely in the years 2000 to 2002, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bagge" title="Peter Bagge">Peter Bagge</a> did a number of comics journalism stories — on such topics as politics, the <a href="/wiki/Miss_America_Pageant" class="mw-redirect" title="Miss America Pageant">Miss America Pageant</a>, bar culture, <a href="/wiki/Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian rock</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Oscars" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscars">Oscars</a> — mostly for <a href="/wiki/Suck.com" title="Suck.com">Suck.com</a>. </p><p>In the period 2000–2001, cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Marisa_Acocella_Marchetto" title="Marisa Acocella Marchetto">Marisa Acocella Marchetto</a> produced the semi-regular comics journalism strip <i>The Strip</i> for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, often on the topic of <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion</a>. </p><p>Some of the first known magazines focused specifically on comics journalism include <i>Mamma!</i>, a magazine of comics journalism printed in Italy since 2009 and produced by a group of authors; and <i>Symbolia</i>, a digital magazine of comics journalism for <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tablet computers">tablet computers</a>, which operated from 2013 to 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-poynter.org_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poynter.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other digital magazines which focused on comics journalism during this period included Darryl Holliday & Erik Rodriguez' <i>The Illustrated Press</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Josh Kramer's <i>The Cartoon Picayune</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jen_Sorensen" title="Jen Sorensen">Jen Sorensen</a> was editor of the "Graphic Culture" section of <i><a href="/wiki/Splinter_News" title="Splinter News">Splinter News</a></i> (formerly <i>Fusion</i>) from 2014 to 2018, while <a href="/wiki/Matt_Bors" title="Matt Bors">Matt Bors</a> edited the online comics collection <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nib" title="The Nib">The Nib</a></i> from 2014<sup id="cite_ref-WashPost_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashPost-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-bors-end-of-the-nib_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bors-end-of-the-nib-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both sites published comics journalism pieces. </p><p>In May 2016, <i>The New York Times</i> put comics journalism front-and-center for the first time with "Inside Death Row,"<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Chappatte" title="Patrick Chappatte">Patrick Chappatte</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Anne-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rique_Widmann" title="Anne-Frédérique Widmann">Anne-Frédérique Widmann</a>), a five-part series about the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a> in the United States. In 2017, it published "Welcome to the New World,"<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Jake_Halpern" title="Jake Halpern">Jake Halpern</a> and Michael Sloan, chronicling a <a href="/wiki/Syrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian">Syrian</a> refugee family settling in the United States. The series ran in the print Sunday Review edition from January to September 2017 and won the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Editorial_Cartooning" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning">Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning</a> in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2019 the book <i>Libia</i>, about the war in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> written by <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Mannocchi" title="Francesca Mannocchi">Francesca Mannocchi</a> and drawn by <a href="/wiki/Gianluca_Costantini" title="Gianluca Costantini">Gianluca Costantini</a>, was published in Italy;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was translated and published in France in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, in a sign of tacit approval of the form of comics journalism, the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> committee changed the name of the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Editorial_Cartooning" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning">Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning</a> (which had been in place since 1922) to the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Illustrated_Reporting_and_Commentary" title="Pulitzer Prize for Illustrated Reporting and Commentary">Pulitzer Prize for Illustrated Reporting and Commentary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2022 award went to a work of comics journalism about the <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">persecution of Uyghurs in China</a> published by <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Insider</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Techniques">Techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comics_journalism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with traditional journalism, there are no rules per se about comics journalism, and there are a wide variety of practices. Some practitioners, like <a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco" title="Joe Sacco">Joe Sacco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susie_Cagle" title="Susie Cagle">Susie Cagle</a>, have a background in journalism, while others were trained first as cartoonists.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One feature that unites all forms of comics journalism is a reliance on witness interviews and other <a href="/wiki/Primary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary sources">primary sources</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Economist_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many practitioners highlight the form's power to engender empathy in its subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-Economist_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sacco is a trained journalist who extensively documents his subjects and spends years crafting his stories.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the techniques he uses to protect his subjects — who are often survivors of conflict zones in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> — are to change their names and use his art to anonymize their faces.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wendy_MacNaughton" title="Wendy MacNaughton">Wendy MacNaughton</a> sketches extensively with her subjects and locations before retreating to her studio to craft the finished piece.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Austrian graduate student Lukas Plank created a comic, "Drawn Truth: Transparency in Journalist Comics," based on his research into the field, that outlines some potential "best practices" for comics journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a February 2005 article on comics journalism for <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Journalism_Review" title="Columbia Journalism Review">Columbia Journalism Review</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Kristian_Williams" title="Kristian Williams">Kristian Williams</a> introduced, explained, and defended comics journalism: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The ability to alternate between the realistic and the symbolic is a major strength of comics journalism. It is also one reason why editors are likely to shy away from it — or, as with the recent newspaper strips, to relegate comics journalism to cultural coverage and human-interest stories. When it comes to the front page, newspapers favor plain language, in part to protect the readers from the seductions of rhetoric, of art. And comics are irreducibly artistic. </p><p>But such reasoning also cuts the other way. The hard-nosed, facts-are-facts tone of "journalistic language" is also seductive. Plain-speaking is itself a kind of rhetoric, which wins trust precisely by seeming to leave rhetoric aside. </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman">Art Spiegelman</a> argues, "The phony objectivity that comes with a camera is a convention and a lie in the same way as writing in the <a href="/wiki/Third-person_limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-person limited">third person</a> rather than the <a href="/wiki/First-person_narrative" title="First-person narrative">first person</a>. To write a comics journalism report you're already making an acknowledgment of biases and an urgency that communicates another level of information."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comics_journalists">Comics journalists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comics_journalism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Comics journalists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Archer_(comics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Archer (comics) (page does not exist)">Dan Archer</a><sup id="cite_ref-Polgreen_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polgreen-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bagge" title="Peter Bagge">Peter Bagge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Bors" title="Matt Bors">Matt Bors</a><sup id="cite_ref-Polgreen_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polgreen-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Brodner" title="Steve Brodner">Steve Brodner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susie_Cagle" title="Susie Cagle">Susie Cagle</a><sup id="cite_ref-Polgreen_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polgreen-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudio_Calia" class="extiw" title="it:Claudio Calia">Claudio Calia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Chappatte" title="Patrick Chappatte">Patrick Chappatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Coe" title="Sue Coe">Sue Coe</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianluca_Costantini" title="Gianluca Costantini">Gianluca Costantini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Glidden" title="Sarah Glidden">Sarah Glidden</a><sup id="cite_ref-Economist_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Polgreen_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polgreen-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Gubitosa" class="extiw" title="it:Carlo Gubitosa">Carlo Gubitosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_MacNaughton" title="Wendy MacNaughton">Wendy MacNaughton</a><sup id="cite_ref-Polgreen_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polgreen-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marisa_Acocella_Marchetto" title="Marisa Acocella Marchetto">Marisa Acocella Marchetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Neufeld" title="Josh Neufeld">Josh Neufeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Rall" title="Ted Rall">Ted Rall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Rifas" title="Leonard Rifas">Leonard Rifas</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco" title="Joe Sacco">Joe Sacco</a><sup id="cite_ref-Polgreen_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polgreen-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orijit_Sen" title="Orijit Sen">Orijit Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen_Sorensen" title="Jen Sorensen">Jen Sorensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Tobocman" title="Seth Tobocman">Seth Tobocman</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Wallman" title="Sam Wallman">Sam Wallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_Zdarsky" title="Chip Zdarsky">Chip Zdarsky</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mackay_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackay-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Magazines_of_comics_journalism">Magazines of comics journalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comics_journalism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Magazines of comics journalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Active">Active</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comics_journalism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Active"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Movement" title="Cartoon Movement">Cartoon Movement</a></i>, platform for works of graphic journalism and editorial cartoons</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drawingthetimes.com/">Drawing the Times</a></i>, international platform for graphic journalism</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larevuedessinee.fr">La Revue Dessinée</a></i>, French quarterly of comics journalism. Published since 2013 by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_du_Seuil" title="Éditions du Seuil">Éditions du Seuil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larevuedessineeitalia.it"><i>La Revue Dessinée Italia</i></a>, the Italian version of the French magazine <i>Le Revue Dessinée</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defunct">Defunct</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comics_journalism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Defunct"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Cartoon Picayune</i>, American anthology of comics journalism and nonfiction comics, published from 2011 to 2017. Founded and edited by Josh Kramer.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Illustrated Press</i>, Chicago-based outlet founded by Darryl Holliday.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Active from 2011 to 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Mamma!</i>, Italian printed magazine of comics journalism, editorial cartoons, data journalism, and photojournalism. Founded by Carlo Gubitosa and published by cultural association Altrinformazione from 2009 to 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Symbolia</i>, American digital magazine of comics journalism. Published from 2013 to 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-poynter.org_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poynter.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nib" title="The Nib">The Nib</a></i>, American online <a href="/wiki/Non-fiction_comics" title="Non-fiction comics">non-fiction comics</a> publication founded and operated by <a href="/wiki/Matt_Bors" title="Matt Bors">Matt Bors</a>. Published under <a href="/wiki/Medium_(website)" title="Medium (website)">Medium</a> from 2013 to 2015, under <a href="/wiki/First_Look_Media" title="First Look Media">First Look Media</a> from 2016<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 2019, and independently member-supported from 2019 to 2023. It is defunct as of September 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comics_journalism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autobiographical_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobiographical comics">Autobiographical comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_journalism" title="Visual journalism">Visual journalism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comics_journalism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steinhauer, Jillian (quoting <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Chute" title="Hillary Chute">Hillary Chute</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/culture/joe-sacco-paying-land-review/">"The Outsider: Joe Sacco's comics journalism,"</a> <i>The Nation</i> (Dec. 28, 2020).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hodara, Susan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commarts.com/columns/graphic-journalism">"Graphic Journalism,"</a> <i>Communication Arts</i> (March 2020).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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La nuova frontiera del giornalismo a fumetti"</a>. <i>Il nuovo Corriere di Lucca e Versilia</i> (in Italian). 30 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Il+nuovo+Corriere+di+Lucca+e+Versilia&rft.atitle=Focus+sulla+rivista+Mamma%21+La+nuova+frontiera+del+giornalismo+a+fumetti&rft.date=2010-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.giornalismi.info%2Fmamma%2Farticoli%2Fart_7655.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://firstlook.media/news/2016/02/10/matt-bors-brings-the-nib-to-first-look-media.html">"Matt Bors Brings the Nib to First Look Media"</a>. First Look Media. Feb 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Matt+Bors+Brings+the+Nib+to+First+Look+Media&rft.pub=First+Look+Media&rft.date=2016-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffirstlook.media%2Fnews%2F2016%2F02%2F10%2Fmatt-bors-brings-the-nib-to-first-look-media.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Nib2023" class="citation web cs1">The Nib (2023-05-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenib.com/the-future-of-the-nib/">"The Future of The Nib"</a>. <i>The Nib</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nib&rft.atitle=The+Future+of+The+Nib&rft.date=2023-05-22&rft.au=The+Nib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenib.com%2Fthe-future-of-the-nib%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comics_journalism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArcher2011" class="citation web cs1">Archer, Dan (Aug 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140908235312/http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/top-stories/143253/an-introduction-to-comics-journalism-in-the-form-of-comics-journalism/">"An introduction to comics journalism, in the form of comics journalism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Poynter_Institute" title="Poynter Institute">Poynter Institute</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/top-stories/143253/an-introduction-to-comics-journalism-in-the-form-of-comics-journalism">the original</a> on Sep 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poynter+Institute&rft.atitle=An+introduction+to+comics+journalism%2C+in+the+form+of+comics+journalism&rft.date=2011-08-19&rft.aulast=Archer&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poynter.org%2Flatest-news%2Ftop-stories%2F143253%2Fan-introduction-to-comics-journalism-in-the-form-of-comics-journalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakeZöhrer2017" class="citation journal cs1">Bake, Julika; Zöhrer, Michaela (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2016.1272903">"Telling the Stories of Others: Claims of Authenticity in Human Rights Reporting and Comics Journalism"</a>. <i>Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 81–97.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Intervention+and+Statebuilding&rft.atitle=Telling+the+Stories+of+Others%3A+Claims+of+Authenticity+in+Human+Rights+Reporting+and+Comics+Journalism&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=81-97&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Bake&rft.aufirst=Julika&rft.au=Z%C3%B6hrer%2C+Michaela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F17502977.2016.1272903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2011" class="citation web cs1">Butler, Kirstin (Aug 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/08/comic-books-as-journalism-10-masterpieces-of-graphic-nonfiction/243351/">"Comic Books as Journalism: 10 Masterpieces of Graphic Nonfiction,"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Comic+Books+as+Journalism%3A+10+Masterpieces+of+Graphic+Nonfiction%2C&rft.date=2011-08&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Kirstin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fentertainment%2Farchive%2F2011%2F08%2Fcomic-books-as-journalism-10-masterpieces-of-graphic-nonfiction%2F243351%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncanTaylorStoddard2015" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Randy; Taylor, Michael Ray; Stoddard, David, eds. (2015). <i>Creating Comics as Journalism, Memoir and Nonfiction</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415730075" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415730075"><bdi>978-0415730075</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creating+Comics+as+Journalism%2C+Memoir+and+Nonfiction&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0415730075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmburyMinichiello2018" class="citation book cs1">Embury, Gary; Minichiello, Mario (2018). <i>Reportage Illustration: Visual Journalism</i>. London: Bloomsbury.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reportage+Illustration%3A+Visual+Journalism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Embury&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Minichiello%2C+Mario&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbertKeane2015" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Jérémie; Keane, David (2015). "Graphic Reporting: Human Rights Violations through the Lens of Graphic Novels". In Giddens, Thomas (ed.). <i>Graphic Justice: Intersections of Comics and Law</i>. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 236–254.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Graphic+Reporting%3A+Human+Rights+Violations+through+the+Lens+of+Graphic+Novels&rft.btitle=Graphic+Justice%3A+Intersections+of+Comics+and+Law&rft.place=Oxon&rft.pages=236-254&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=J%C3%A9r%C3%A9mie&rft.au=Keane%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHare2016" class="citation web cs1">Hare, Kristen (May 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poynter.org/news/graphics-journalism-project-new-york-times-taking-readers-inside-death-row">"A graphics journalism project from <i>The New York Times</i> is taking readers inside death row"</a>. <i>Poynter</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poynter&rft.atitle=A+graphics+journalism+project+from+The+New+York+Times+is+taking+readers+inside+death+row&rft.date=2016-05-06&rft.aulast=Hare&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poynter.org%2Fnews%2Fgraphics-journalism-project-new-york-times-taking-readers-inside-death-row&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelp-StebbinsSaunders2021" class="citation book cs1">Kelp-Stebbins, Katherine; Saunders, Ben, eds. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/jsmauo/docs/art_of_the_news_catalog-digital-v2"><i>Art of the News: Comics Journalism</i></a>. Eugene: <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Schnitzer_Museum_of_Art" title="Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art">Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+of+the+News%3A+Comics+Journalism&rft.place=Eugene&rft.pub=Jordan+Schnitzer+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fjsmauo%2Fdocs%2Fart_of_the_news_catalog-digital-v2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirkHarris2024" class="citation book cs1">Mirk, Sarah; Harris, Eleri (2024). <i>Drawn from the Margins: The Power of Graphic Journalism</i>. 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"Comic Journalism". Harvey Sez. <i><a href="/wiki/Weirdo_(comics)" title="Weirdo (comics)">Weirdo</a></i>. No. 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weirdo&rft.atitle=Comic+Journalism&rft.ssn=fall&rft.issue=21&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Pekar&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span> — about <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Rifas" title="Leonard Rifas">Leonard Rifas</a> and Educomics, and <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Brabner" title="Joyce Brabner">Joyce Brabner</a> and <i>Real War Stories</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhode2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Rhode, Mike (Dec 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/journal_202202">"Cartoon reporting or comic strip journalism: An evolving genre's beginning bibliography"</a>. Comics Stuff #11. <i>APA-I</i>. No. 104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=APA-I&rft.atitle=Cartoon+reporting+or+comic+strip+journalism%3A+An+evolving+genre%27s+beginning+bibliography&rft.issue=104&rft.date=2006-12&rft.aulast=Rhode&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjournal_202202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeberRall2017" class="citation journal cs1">Weber, Wibke; Rall, Hans-Martin (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/21504857.2017.1299020">"Authenticity in Comics Journalism. Visual Strategies for Reporting Facts"</a>. <i>Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics</i>. <b>8</b> (4): 376–397.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Graphic+Novels+and+Comics&rft.atitle=Authenticity+in+Comics+Journalism.+Visual+Strategies+for+Reporting+Facts&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=376-397&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Wibke&rft.au=Rall%2C+Hans-Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F21504857.2017.1299020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsLyons2010" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Paul; Lyons, James, eds. (2010). <i>The Rise of the American Comics Journalist</i>. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+American+Comics+Journalist&rft.place=Jackson&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComics+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comics_journalism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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title="commons:Category:Comics journalism">Comics journalism</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenib.com/">The Nib</a></i></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cartoonmovement.com/">Cartoon Movement</a></i></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drawingthetimes.com/">Drawing the Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larevuedessinee.fr">La Revue Dessinée</a></i></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcomicsnetwork.wordpress.com/">World Comics Network</a></i>, grassroots nonfiction comics from around the world</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://positivenegatives.org">Positive Negatives</a>, produces literary comics, animations, and podcasts about contemporary social and humanitarian issues</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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(comics)">Limited series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_(comics)" title="One-shot (comics)">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongoing_series" title="Ongoing series">Ongoing series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minicomic" title="Minicomic">Minicomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_paperback_(comics)" title="Trade paperback (comics)">Trade paperback</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">Comic strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comic_strip_formats" title="Comic strip formats">Comic strip formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_comic_strip" title="Daily comic strip">Daily comic strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianhuanhua" title="Lianhuanhua">Lianhuanhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_comics" title="Sunday comics">Sunday comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topper_(comic_strip)" title="Topper (comic strip)">Topper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonkoma" title="Yonkoma">Yonkoma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_comic" title="Digital comic">Digital comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_comic" title="Mobile comic">Mobile comic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcomic" title="Webcomic">Webcomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webtoon" title="Webtoon">Webtoon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gag_cartoon" title="Gag cartoon">Gag cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">Graphic novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_cartoon" title="Political cartoon">Political cartoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_comic" title="Film comic">Film comic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_comic" title="Motion comic">Motion comic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo_comics" title="Photo comics">Photo comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comics" title="Silent comics">Silent comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_comics" title="Text comics">Text comics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_creators" title="List of comics creators">Creators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartoonist" title="Cartoonist">Cartoonists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cartoonists" title="List of cartoonists">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorist" title="Colorist">Colorists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Comic_book_editors" title="Category:Comic book editors">Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inker" title="Inker">Inkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterer" title="Letterer">Letterers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_publishing_companies" title="List of comics publishing companies">Publishing companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_(comics)" title="Script (comics)">Writers</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_cartoonist" title="Editorial cartoonist">Editorial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_editorial_cartoonists" title="List of editorial cartoonists">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minicomics_creators" title="List of minicomics creators">Minicomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_webcomic_creators" title="List of webcomic creators">Webcomics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_comics_creators" title="List of American comics creators">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_American_cartoonists" title="List of Jewish American cartoonists">Jewish American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_comics_creators" title="List of Australian comics creators">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_comics_creators" title="List of Canadian comics creators">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_comic_creators" title="List of Cuban comic creators">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_comics_creators" title="List of Filipino comics creators">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manga_artists" title="List of manga artists">Japanese (manga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Macedonian_comics_creators" title="List of Macedonian comics creators">Macedonian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_comics_creators" title="Female comics creators">Female comics creators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_comics_creators" title="List of female comics creators">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_comics" title="History of comics">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_comics" title="List of years in comics">Years in comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_studies" title="Comics studies">Comics historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_comics" title="History of American comics">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Comic_Books" title="Golden Age of Comic Books">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Age_of_Comic_Books" title="Silver Age of Comic Books">Silver Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_of_Comic_Books" title="Bronze Age of Comic Books">Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Age_of_Comic_Books" title="Modern Age of Comic Books">Modern Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Events_from_the_Modern_Age_of_Comic_Books" title="Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books">events</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_manga" title="History of manga">Japanese (manga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_webcomics" title="History of webcomics">Webcomics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comics_studies" title="Comics studies">Comics studies</a><br />and narratology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_comics" title="Abstract comics">Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_comics" title="Adult comics">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_comics" title="Alternative comics">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambiguous_image" title="Ambiguous image">Ambiguous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anthropomorphic_comics" title="List of anthropomorphic comics">Anthropomorphic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobiographical_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobiographical comics">Autobiographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity_comics" title="Celebrity comics">Celebrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_in_education" title="Comics in education">Comics in education</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Comics journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_poetry" title="Comics poetry">Comics poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_comics" title="Crime comics">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_comics" title="List of dystopian comics">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_comics" title="Erotic comics">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comics" title="Fantasy comics">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fantasy_comics" title="List of fantasy comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gekiga" title="Gekiga">Gekiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_medicine" title="Graphic medicine">Graphic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_comics" title="Horror comics">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fiction_comics" title="Non-fiction comics">Non-fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_comics" title="Romance comics">Romance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_romance_comics" title="List of romance comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comics" title="Science fiction comics">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_comics" title="Superhero comics">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_humor_comics" title="Teen humor comics">Teen humor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_bible" title="Tijuana bible">Tijuana bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_comix" title="Underground comix">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_comics" title="War comics">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_comics" title="Western comics">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wrestling-based_comic_books" title="List of wrestling-based comic books">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">Tropes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">Antihero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decompression_(comics)" title="Decompression (comics)">Decompression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_animals_in_fiction" title="Talking animals in fiction">Talking animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masking_(comics)" title="Masking (comics)">Masking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_(vagrant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogue (vagrant)">Rogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervillain" title="Supervillain">Supervillain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widescreen_comics" title="Widescreen comics">Widescreen comics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_stereotypes_in_comics" title="Ethnic stereotypes in comics">Ethnic stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_comic_books" title="List of feminist comic books">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_and_webcomics" title="Gender and webcomics">Gender and webcomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_comics" title="LGBT themes in comics">LGBT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_American_mainstream_comics" title="LGBT themes in American mainstream comics">American mainstream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_black_people_in_comics" title="Portrayal of black people in comics">Portrayal of black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_characters_in_comics" title="African characters in comics">African characters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_women_in_American_comics" title="Portrayal of women in American comics">Portrayal of women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hawkeye_Initiative" title="The Hawkeye Initiative">The Hawkeye Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Refrigerators" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Refrigerators">Women in Refrigerators</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_by_country" title="List of comics by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_African_comics" title="South African comics">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_comics" title="Argentine comics">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_comics" title="Brazilian comics">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_comics" title="Canadian comics">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_comics" title="Quebec comics">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_in_Mexico" title="Comics in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_comic_book" title="American comic book">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_comics" title="List of American comics">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manhua" title="Manhua">China and Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manhua" title="List of manhua">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_comics" title="Hong Kong comics">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_comics" title="Indian comics">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_comics" title="List of Indian comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_manga" title="Lists of manga">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhwa" title="Manhwa">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manhwa" title="List of manhwa">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_comics" title="Malaysian comics">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_comics" title="Pakistani comics">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_comics" title="Philippine comics">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_comics" title="List of Philippine comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_comics" title="Thai comics">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_comics" title="Turkish comics">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truy%E1%BB%87n_tranh" class="mw-redirect" title="Truyện tranh">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_comics" title="European comics">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_comics" title="Czech comics">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_comics" title="Croatian comics">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bande_dessin%C3%A9e" title="Bande dessinée">France and Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Franco-Belgian_comics_series" title="List of Franco-Belgian comics series">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_comics" title="Belgian comics">Belgium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_comics" title="German comics">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_comics" title="Hungarian comics">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_comics" title="Irish comics">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_comics" title="Italian comics">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_comics" title="List of Italian comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_comics" title="Dutch comics">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_comics" title="Polish comics">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_comics" title="Portuguese comics">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_comics" title="Serbian comics">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_comics" title="Spanish comics">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_comics" title="List of Spanish comics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_comics" title="British comics">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_comics" title="Welsh-language comics">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comics_in_Australia" title="Comics in Australia">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_comics" title="Lists of comics">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comic_books" title="List of comic books">Comic books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspaper_comic_strips" title="List of newspaper comic strips">Comic strips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manga_magazines" title="List of manga magazines">Manga magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_webcomics" title="Lists of webcomics">Webcomics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_based_on_fiction" title="List of comics based on fiction">Based on fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_based_on_films" title="List of comics based on films">Based on films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_based_on_television_programs" title="List of comics based on television programs">Based on television programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_based_on_video_games" title="List of comics based on video games">Based on video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_awards" title="List of comics awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_comic_series" title="List of best-selling comic series">Best-selling comic series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_manga" title="List of best-selling manga">manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_manga_magazines_by_circulation" title="List of Japanese manga magazines by circulation">manga magazines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comic_books_on_CD/DVD" title="List of comic books on CD/DVD">Comic books on CD/DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_and_comic_strips_made_into_feature_films" title="List of comics and comic strips made into feature films">Comics and comic strips made into feature films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comics_solicited_but_never_published" title="List of comics solicited but never published">Comics solicited but never published</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_limited_series" title="List of limited series">Limited series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections and<br /> museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Comic_Strip_Center" title="Belgian Comic Strip Center">Belgian Comic Strip Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Ireland_Cartoon_Library_%26_Museum" title="Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum">Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Cartoon_Museum" title="National Cartoon Museum">National Cartoon Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cartoon_Archive" title="British Cartoon Archive">British Cartoon Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caricature_%26_Cartoon_Museum_Basel" class="mw-redirect" title="Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel">Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Art_Museum" title="Cartoon Art Museum">Cartoon Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cartoon_Museum" title="The Cartoon Museum">The Cartoon Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Waring#Comic_strip_collection" title="Fred Waring">Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibiteca_Antonio_Gobbo" title="Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo">Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University_Libraries#Comic_Art_Collection" title="Michigan State University Libraries">Michigan State University Comic Art Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Comic_and_Cartoon_Art" title="Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art">Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ToonSeum" title="ToonSeum">ToonSeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Words_%26_Pictures_Museum" title="Words & Pictures Museum">Words & Pictures Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Cartoon_Studies" title="Center for Cartoon Studies">Center for Cartoon Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kubert_School" title="The Kubert School">The Kubert School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Comic_Book_Arts" title="Academy of Comic Book Arts">Academy of Comic Book Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Canadian_Cartoonists" title="Association of Canadian Cartoonists">Association of Canadian Cartoonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Comics_Magazine_Publishers" title="Association of Comics Magazine Publishers">Association of Comics Magazine Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Cartoonists%27_Association" title="Australian Cartoonists' Association">Australian Cartoonists' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_Art_Professional_Society" title="Comic Art Professional Society">Comic Art Professional Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cartoonists_Society" title="National Cartoonists Society">National Cartoonists Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samahang_Kartunista_ng_Pilipinas" title="Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas">Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Critical and<br /> academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_des_Critiques_et_des_journalistes_de_Bande_Dessin%C3%A9e" title="Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée">Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Comic_Book_Creator_Awards_Association" title="Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association">Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Society_for_the_Study_of_Comics" title="Canadian Society for the Study of Comics">Canadian Society for the Study of Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_%26_Fantasy_Art_Amateur_Press_Association" title="Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association">Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_Studies_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Comics Studies Society">Comics Studies Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequart_Organization" title="Sequart Organization">Sequart Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svenska_Serieakademien" title="Svenska Serieakademien">Svenska Serieakademien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charitable and<br /> outreach</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Comic-Book_Fans_and_Collectors" title="Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors">Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Amateur_Press_Association_(comics)" title="British Amateur Press Association (comics)">British Amateur Press Association (comics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Club_des_bandes_dessin%C3%A9es" title="Le Club des bandes dessinées">Club des bandes dessinées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Legal_Defense_Fund" title="Comic Book Legal Defense Fund">Comic Book Legal Defense Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_Legends_Legal_Defense_Fund" title="Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund">Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Comics_Society" title="Finnish Comics Society">Finnish Comics Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Lulu" title="Friends of Lulu">Friends of Lulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hero_Initiative" title="The Hero Initiative">The Hero Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeric_Foundation" title="Xeric Foundation">Xeric Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipetan-manga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/32px-Wikipetan-manga.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" 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