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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personification_of_the_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personification_of_the_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Personification of the state </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personification_of_the_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Constitutional role </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Constitutional_role-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Constitutional role subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Executive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Foreign affairs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Courts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Cultural role </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_role-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Cultural role subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Royal_presence_and_duties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_presence_and_duties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Royal presence and duties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_presence_and_duties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Crown_and_the_Defence_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Crown_and_the_Defence_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 The Crown and the Defence Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Crown_and_the_Defence_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Crown_and_Māori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Crown_and_Māori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 The Crown and Māori </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Crown_and_Māori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Royal symbols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisations_with_royal_patronage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisations_with_royal_patronage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Organisations with royal patronage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisations_with_royal_patronage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Debate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_monarchs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_monarchs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 List of monarchs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_monarchs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle List of monarchs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_monarchs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_kings_and_queens_regnant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_kings_and_queens_regnant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Timeline of kings and queens regnant </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_kings_and_queens_regnant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Monarchy of New Zealand</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" > 26 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ملكية نيوزيلندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملكية نيوزيلندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Новазеландская манархія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Новазеландская манархія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Новазэляндзкая манархія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Новазэляндзкая манархія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkiezh_Zeland-Nevez" title="Monarkiezh Zeland-Nevez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Monarkiezh Zeland-Nevez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_newzealandske_monarki" title="Det newzealandske monarki – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det newzealandske monarki" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1_%CE%96%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μοναρχία στη Νέα Ζηλανδία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοναρχία στη Νέα Ζηλανδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="پادشاهی نیوزیلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پادشاهی نیوزیلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie_n%C3%A9o-z%C3%A9landaise" title="Monarchie néo-zélandaise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monarchie néo-zélandaise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%A7%88%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC" title="뉴질랜드의 군주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴질랜드의 군주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="न्यूज़ीलैण्ड का राजतंत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्यूज़ीलैण्ड का राजतंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarki_Selandia_Baru" title="Monarki Selandia Baru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Monarki Selandia Baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="המלוכה של ניו זילנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המלוכה של ניו זילנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ახალი ზელანდიის მონარქია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ახალი ზელანდიის მონარქია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_beraja_New_Zealand" title="Pemerintahan beraja New Zealand – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemerintahan beraja New Zealand" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B" title="ニュージーランド国王 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニュージーランド国王" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealands_monark" title="New Zealands monark – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="New Zealands monark" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarcha_Nowej_Zelandii" title="Monarcha Nowej Zelandii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Monarcha Nowej Zelandii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarquia_na_Nova_Zel%C3%A2ndia" title="Monarquia na Nova Zelândia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Monarquia na Nova Zelândia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Новозеландская монархия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новозеландская монархия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="پاشایەتیی نیوزیلاند – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پاشایەتیی نیوزیلاند" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Монархија на Новом Зеланду – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Монархија на Новом Зеланду" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nya_Zeelands_monarki" title="Nya Zeelands monarki – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nya Zeelands monarki" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="พระมหากษัตริย์นิวซีแลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระมหากษัตริย์นิวซีแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_Zelanda_monar%C5%9Fisi" title="Yeni Zelanda monarşisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yeni Zelanda monarşisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the system of government in New Zealand. For the monarchist league, see <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy New Zealand">Monarchy New Zealand</a>. For the Māori ceremonial royalty, see <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori King Movement">Māori King Movement</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr">King of <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Te Kīngi o Aotearoa (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="699" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand" title="Coat of arms of New Zealand">Coat of arms of New Zealand</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Incumbent</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2934" data-file-height="4007" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> Tiāre te Tuatoru (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>) since 8 September 2022</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">His Majesty</a> (Māori: Te Arikinui)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">Heir apparent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics of New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/188px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="699" /></a></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">Constitution</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monarch</a> <dl><dd>King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="List of governors-general of New Zealand">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Kiro" title="Cindy Kiro">Cindy Kiro</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">Executive Government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_governments" title="List of New Zealand governments">List of governments</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth National Government of New Zealand">current</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers_in_the_New_Zealand_Government" title="Ministers in the New Zealand Government">Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_New_Zealand" title="Executive Council of New Zealand">Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_sector_organisations_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Public sector organisations in New Zealand">State services departments</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/54th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="54th New Zealand Parliament">54th New Zealand Parliament</a></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Brownlee" title="Gerry Brownlee">Gerry Brownlee</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">Official Opposition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_electorates" title="New Zealand electorates">Electorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand" title="Electoral system of New Zealand">Electoral system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform_in_New_Zealand" title="Electoral reform in New Zealand">Electoral reform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(New_Zealand)" title="Electoral Commission (New Zealand)">Electoral Commission</a></li> <li>Recent elections: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2014_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2014 New Zealand general election">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2017 New Zealand general election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2020_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2020 New Zealand general election">2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2023 New Zealand general election">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Local: <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2013 New Zealand local elections">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2016 New Zealand local elections">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2019 New Zealand local elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2022 New Zealand local elections">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_New_Zealand" title="Referendums in New Zealand">Referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_New_Zealand" title="Political funding in New Zealand">Political funding and election expenses</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Supreme Court of New Zealand">Supreme Court</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand" title="Chief Justice of New Zealand">Chief Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Helen_Winkelmann" title="Helen Winkelmann">Helen Winkelmann</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_New_Zealand" title="Court of Appeal of New Zealand">Court of Appeal</a> <dl><dd>President: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Cooper_(judge)" title="Mark Cooper (judge)">Mark Cooper</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="High Court of New Zealand">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="District Court of New Zealand">District Court</a></li> <li>Other courts: <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employment_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Employment Court of New Zealand">Employment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Environment_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Environment Court of New Zealand">Environment</a></li></ul></div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>Courts Martial Appeal</li></ul></div> <div class="hlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Land_Court" title="Māori Land Court">Māori Land</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Waitangi_Tribunal" title="Waitangi Tribunal">Waitangi Tribunal</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Law of New Zealand">Law of New Zealand</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="Local government in New Zealand">Local government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayors_in_New_Zealand" title="Mayors in New Zealand">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_in_New_Zealand" title="Community boards in New Zealand">Community boards</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand" title="Foreign relations of New Zealand">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade_(New_Zealand)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (New Zealand)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Winston Peters</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_New_Zealand" title="List of diplomatic missions of New Zealand">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_New_Zealand" title="List of diplomatic missions in New Zealand">in New Zealand</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_passport" title="New Zealand passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_New_Zealand_citizens" title="Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_New_Zealand" title="Visa policy of New Zealand">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_and_the_United_Nations" title="New Zealand and the United Nations">New Zealand and the United Nations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_politics_in_New_Zealand" title="Christian politics in New Zealand">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic conservatism in New Zealand">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_New_Zealand" title="Environmental movement in New Zealand">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascism in New Zealand">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_New_Zealand" title="Feminism in New Zealand">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_liberalism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic liberalism in New Zealand">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism_in_New_Zealand" title="Populism in New Zealand">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_New_Zealand" title="Republicanism in New Zealand">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_New_Zealand" title="Socialism in New Zealand">Socialism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Political history of New Zealand">Political history of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_voting_in_New_Zealand" title="History of voting in New Zealand">History of voting in New Zealand</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Māori politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nuclear-free_zone" title="New Zealand nuclear-free zone">Nuclear-free zone</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">New Zealand portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Template:Politics of New Zealand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Template talk:Politics of New Zealand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of New Zealand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The monarchy of New Zealand<a href="#cite_note-3">[n 1]</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">constitutional</a> system of government in which a <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">hereditary monarch</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign" title="Sovereign">sovereign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EIIR2.1-4">[3]</a> The current monarch, <a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a>, acceded to the throne following the death of his mother, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>, on 8 September 2022 in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> The King's elder son, <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a>, is the <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> between <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> chiefs (<a href="/wiki/Rangatira" title="Rangatira">rangatira</a>) was signed on 6 February 1840. This laid the foundation for the proclamation of <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> over New Zealand on 21 May 1840; the <a href="/wiki/British_monarch" class="mw-redirect" title="British monarch">British monarch</a> became New Zealand's head of state. The country gradually became <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_New_Zealand" title="Independence of New Zealand">independent from Britain</a> and the monarchy evolved to become a distinctly New Zealand institution, represented by <a href="#Royal_symbols">unique symbols</a>. The individual who is the New Zealand monarch is currently shared with <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">14 other countries</a> (realms) within the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>, in each of which the monarchy is legally separate. As a result, the current monarch is <a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_Charles_III" title="List of titles and honours of Charles III">officially titled</a> King of New Zealand (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>: Kīngi o Aotearoa) and, in this capacity, he and other members of the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">royal family</a> undertake various public and private functions across the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a>. The King is the only member of the royal family with any constitutional role. All <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> <a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">authority</a> is vested in the King, and <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">his assent</a> is required for <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">parliament</a> to enact laws and for <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">orders in council</a> to have legal effect. However, the King's authority is subject to the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_custom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political custom)">conventional</a> stipulations of <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, and his direct participation in these areas of governance is limited.<a href="#cite_note-CO3-6">[5]</a> Most of the related powers are instead exercised by the elected <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament#New_Zealand" title="Member of parliament">members of parliament</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministers_in_the_New_Zealand_Government" title="Ministers in the New Zealand Government">ministers of the Crown</a> generally drawn from amongst them, and the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">judges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace#New_Zealand" title="Justice of the peace">justices of the peace</a>. Other powers vested in the King, such as dismissal of a <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">prime minister</a>, are significant but are treated only as <a href="/wiki/Reserve_power" title="Reserve power">reserve powers</a> and as an important security part of the role of the monarchy. Since the monarch resides in the United Kingdom (the oldest Commonwealth realm), most of the royal constitutional and ceremonial duties within the Realm of New Zealand are typically carried out by his or her representative, the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">governor-general of New Zealand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[6]</a> The role of the monarchy is a recurring topic of public discussion.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> Some New Zealanders think New Zealand should <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_New_Zealand" title="Republicanism in New Zealand">become a republic</a> with a New Zealand resident as the head of state, but most wish to retain the monarchy. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_and_domestic_aspects">International and domestic aspects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: International and domestic aspects">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm#Relationship_between_the_realms" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm § Relationship between the realms</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commonwealth_realm_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A world map with the Commonwealth realms highlighted. The realms are predominantly located in North America and Oceania." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Commonwealth_realm_map.svg/290px-Commonwealth_realm_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Commonwealth_realm_map.svg/435px-Commonwealth_realm_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Commonwealth_realm_map.svg/580px-Commonwealth_realm_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Commonwealth realms</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Dependencies and <a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">associated states</a> of Commonwealth realms</div> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> is the reigning sovereign of each of the 15 Commonwealth realms.</figcaption></figure> The Realm of New Zealand is one of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a>, 15 independent members of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> that share the same person as <a href="/wiki/Sovereign#Head_of_State" title="Sovereign">sovereign</a> and head of state, and have in common the same royal line of succession. The monarch, currently King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>, lives in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>; however, he and his family have toured New Zealand on occasion.<a href="#cite_note-Buck2-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-NZRV-10">[9]</a> This arrangement emerged during the course of the 20th century. Since the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster</a> in 1931,<a href="#cite_note-1931_statute-11">[n 2]</a> the pan-national Crown has had both a <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">shared and separate</a> character,<a href="#cite_note-Currie-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> and the sovereign's role as monarch of New Zealand has been distinct to his or her position as monarch of the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-Kisch2009-14">[12]</a> The monarchy thus ceased to be an exclusively British institution and has become a separate establishment within New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-Kisch2009-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> Nonetheless, for historical reasons, the monarchy and monarch are termed "British" in both legal and common language;<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> this conflicts with not only the New Zealand government's recognition of a distinctly New Zealand <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">Crown</a>,<a href="#cite_note-McLean_GG-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> but also the sovereign's distinct New Zealand title.<a href="#cite_note-Peaslee1985-20">[18]</a> On all matters pertaining to the New Zealand state, the monarch is advised solely by <a href="/wiki/Ministers_in_the_New_Zealand_Government" title="Ministers in the New Zealand Government">New Zealand ministers of the Crown</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Buck2-9">[8]</a> with no input from British or other realms' ministers. One of the state duties carried out on the <a href="/wiki/Advice_(constitutional_law)" title="Advice (constitutional law)">formal advice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">New Zealand prime minister</a> is the appointment of the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">governor-general</a>. As the monarch lives outside of New Zealand, the governor-general personally represents the monarch and performs most of his or her domestic duties in their absence,<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Letters_Patent_Constituting_the_Office_of_Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor-General of New Zealand">Letters Patent 1983</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CO8-22">[20]</a> All royal powers in New Zealand may be carried out by both the monarch and governor-general and, in New Zealand law, the two offices are fully interchangeable, mention of one always simultaneously including the other.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit">[update]</a>, the current Governor-General is <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Kiro" title="Cindy Kiro">Dame Cindy Kiro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Title">Title</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Title">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_Charles_III" title="List of titles and honours of Charles III">List of titles and honours of Charles III</a></div> Before 1953 the sovereign's title was the same throughout all his or her realms and territories. It was agreed at the <a href="/wiki/1952_Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers%27_Economic_Conference" title="1952 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference">Commonwealth Economic Conference</a> in London in December 1952 that each of the Commonwealth realms, including New Zealand, could adopt its own royal titles for the monarch.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> The New Zealand Parliament enacted the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Style_and_Titles_Act" title="Royal Style and Titles Act">Royal Titles Act</a> in 1953,<a href="#cite_note-Peaslee1985-20">[18]</a> altering the style borne by Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> and giving her the title of Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.<a href="#cite_note-Royal_title1953-27">[25]</a> Subsequent to the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Titles_Act_1974" title="Royal Titles Act 1974">Royal Titles Act 1974</a>, the monarch's title in New Zealand is currently Charles the Third, <a href="/wiki/By_the_Grace_of_God" title="By the Grace of God">By the Grace of God</a> King of New Zealand and of His Other Realms and Territories, <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Faith" title="Defender of the Faith">Defender of the Faith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> Although the King's New Zealand title includes the phrase 'Defender of the Faith', neither the sovereign nor the governor-general has any religious role in New Zealand; there has never been an <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">established church</a> in the country.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> This is one of the key differences from the King's role in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, where the monarch is <a href="/wiki/Supreme_governor_of_the_Church_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme governor of the Church of England">supreme governor of the Church of England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-religion-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[n 3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succession_and_regency">Succession and regency</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Succession and regency">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Succession to the British throne</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_of_Wales_in_Normandy_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of Prince William aged 42" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Prince_of_Wales_in_Normandy_2024.jpg/170px-Prince_of_Wales_in_Normandy_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Prince_of_Wales_in_Normandy_2024.jpg/255px-Prince_of_Wales_in_Normandy_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Prince_of_Wales_in_Normandy_2024.jpg/340px-Prince_of_Wales_in_Normandy_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1758" data-file-height="2342" /></a><figcaption>William, Prince of Wales, is the <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a></figcaption></figure> The King's elder son, <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a>, is the first in line to the throne.<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> Succession is, for persons born before 28 October 2011, governed by <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">male-preference cognatic primogeniture</a> and, for those born after 28 October 2011, by absolute primogeniture—wherein succession passes to an individual's children according to birth order, regardless of sex.<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> Laws governing the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_succession" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of succession">line of succession</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701" title="Act of Settlement 1701">Act of Settlement 1701</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689" title="Bill of Rights 1689">Bill of Rights 1689</a>, restrict the throne to the biological, <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(family_law)" title="Legitimacy (family law)">legitimate</a> descendants of <a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Hanover" title="Sophia of Hanover">Sophia of Hanover</a>, and stipulate that the monarch cannot be a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> and must be in communion with (i.e. a member of) the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> upon accession. Through the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_Adoption_Act_1947" title="Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947">adoption of the Statute of Westminster</a> (later repealed in New Zealand) and the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Laws_Application_Act_1988" title="Imperial Laws Application Act 1988">Imperial Laws Application Act 1988</a>, these constitutional laws as they apply to New Zealand now lie within the full control of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CO2-35">[32]</a> Nonetheless, New Zealand agreed not to change its rules of succession without the unanimous consent of the other realms, unless explicitly leaving the shared monarchy relationship—a reciprocal arrangement applied uniformly in all the other realms, including the United Kingdom, and often likened to a <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a> amongst these nations.<a href="#cite_note-ODonohue-36">[33]</a> In that spirit, the Commonwealth realms reached the <a href="/wiki/Perth_Agreement" title="Perth Agreement">Perth Agreement</a> in 2011, committed to repeal the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marriages_Act_1772" title="Royal Marriages Act 1772">Royal Marriages Act 1772</a>, which gave precedence to male heirs and excluded from succession a person married to a Roman Catholic. In New Zealand this was accomplished through the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Succession_Act_2013" title="Royal Succession Act 2013">Royal Succession Act 2013</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proclamation_of_accession_ceremony_for_King_Charles_III,_Wellington,_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A group of state officials gathered outside Parliament House accompanied by heralds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Proclamation_of_accession_ceremony_for_King_Charles_III%2C_Wellington%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/240px-Proclamation_of_accession_ceremony_for_King_Charles_III%2C_Wellington%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Proclamation_of_accession_ceremony_for_King_Charles_III%2C_Wellington%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/360px-Proclamation_of_accession_ceremony_for_King_Charles_III%2C_Wellington%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Proclamation_of_accession_ceremony_for_King_Charles_III%2C_Wellington%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/480px-Proclamation_of_accession_ceremony_for_King_Charles_III%2C_Wellington%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3327" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Herald_Extraordinary" title="New Zealand Herald Extraordinary">New Zealand Herald Extraordinary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_O%27Shea" title="Phillip O'Shea">Phillip O'Shea</a>, reading the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_accession_of_Charles_III" title="Proclamation of accession of Charles III">proclamation of accession of Charles III</a> on the steps of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament_Buildings" title="New Zealand Parliament Buildings">New Zealand Parliament Buildings</a>, 2022</figcaption></figure> Upon a <a href="/wiki/Demise_of_the_Crown" title="Demise of the Crown">demise of the Crown</a> (the death or <a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">abdication</a> of a monarch), the late sovereign's heir immediately and automatically succeeds, without any obligatory need for affirmation or further ceremony<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a>—hence arises the phrase "<a href="/wiki/The_king_is_dead,_long_live_the_king!" title="The king is dead, long live the king!">The King is dead. Long live the King!</a>" It is customary, though, for the accession of the new monarch to be publicly <a href="/wiki/Proclamation" title="Proclamation">proclaimed</a> at a ceremony attended by the governor-general and senior state officials.<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> Following an appropriate period of <a href="/wiki/National_day_of_mourning" title="National day of mourning">national mourning</a>, the monarch is also <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">crowned</a> in the United Kingdom in an ancient ritual, but one not necessary for a sovereign to reign.<a href="#cite_note-EdVIII1-42">[n 4]</a> Other than a transfer of all royal powers and functions to the new monarch from his or her predecessor, no other law or office is affected, as all references in legislation to previous monarchs, whether in the masculine (e.g. "His Majesty") or feminine (e.g. "the Queen"), continue to mean the reigning sovereign of New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-EIIR35.1-43">[39]</a> After an individual ascends the throne, he or she typically continues to reign until death, being unable to unilaterally abdicate.<a href="#cite_note-EdVIII2-45">[n 5]</a> Regency Acts allow for <a href="/wiki/Regencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Regencies">regencies</a> in the event of a monarch who is a minor or who is physically or mentally incapacitated. When a regency is necessary, the next qualified individual in the line of succession automatically becomes regent, unless they themselves are a minor or incapacitated. The <a href="/wiki/Regency_Act_1937" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency Act 1937">Regency Act 1937</a> is a British law, not a New Zealand law, and as such has no direct applicability to New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-46">[41]</a> However, the New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act_1986" title="Constitution Act 1986">Constitution Act 1986</a> specifies that should a regent be installed in the United Kingdom, that individual will carry out the functions of the sovereign of New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-47">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finances">Finances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Finances">edit</a>]</div> The sovereign draws from New Zealand funds for support in the performance of their duties when in New Zealand or acting as monarch of New Zealand abroad. New Zealanders do not pay any money to the King or any other member of the royal family, either towards personal income or to support royal residences outside of New Zealand. Normally, tax dollars pay only for the costs associated with the governor-general as instruments of the King's authority, including travel, security, residences, offices and ceremonies. Supporters of the monarchy argue it costs New Zealand taxpayers only a small outlay for royal engagements and tours and the expenses of the governor-general's establishment. <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy New Zealand">Monarchy New Zealand</a> states "[t]his figure is about one dollar per person per year", about $4.3 million per annum.<a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a> An analysis by <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Republic" title="New Zealand Republic">New Zealand Republic</a> (a republican advocacy group) of the 2010 budget claimed the office of governor-general costs New Zealand taxpayers about $7.6 million in ongoing costs and $11 million for <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Wellington" title="Government House, Wellington">Government House</a> upgrades,<a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a> figures Monarchy New Zealand claimed had been "arbitrarily inflated" by New Zealand Republic.<a href="#cite_note-52">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cook_Islands,_Niue_and_territories">Cook Islands, Niue and territories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cook Islands, Niue and territories">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Monarchy in the Cook Islands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009_1_oz_Cook_Islands_Platinum-01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coin with Queen Elizabeth's profile and the words 'Cook Islands'" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/2009_1_oz_Cook_Islands_Platinum-01.png/150px-2009_1_oz_Cook_Islands_Platinum-01.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/2009_1_oz_Cook_Islands_Platinum-01.png/225px-2009_1_oz_Cook_Islands_Platinum-01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/2009_1_oz_Cook_Islands_Platinum-01.png/300px-2009_1_oz_Cook_Islands_Platinum-01.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Queen Elizabeth II on a 2009 coin of the Cook Islands</figcaption></figure> The sovereign of New Zealand also serves as monarch to <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>, territories in <a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">free association</a> with New Zealand within the wider <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gov_Cook_Islands-53">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-UVWLR-54">[49]</a> The New Zealand monarchy is unitary throughout all jurisdictions in the realm, with the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">headship of state</a> being a part of all equally.<a href="#cite_note-55">[50]</a> As such, the sovereignty of Cook Islands and Niue is passed on not by the governor-general or parliament of New Zealand but through the overreaching Crown itself as part of executive, legislative and judicial operations in all three areas. The <a href="/wiki/Self-government" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-government">self-government</a> provisions for the Cook Islands within the Realm of New Zealand allow the King to be directly represented as head of state in Cook Islands affairs by the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_representative" class="mw-redirect" title="King's representative">King's representative</a>, while the governor-general of New Zealand represents the monarch in matters pertaining to the entire realm.<a href="#cite_note-Gov_Cook_Islands-53">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[51]</a> The governor-general (themselves represented by state services commissioner<a href="#cite_note-57">[52]</a>) represents the monarch in Niue,<a href="#cite_note-UVWLR-54">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[53]</a> carrying out all the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties of state on their behalf. The <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_Tokelau" title="Administrator of Tokelau">administrator</a> of the territory of <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a> is a government official appointed by New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)">minister of foreign affairs</a> to represent the New Zealand Government—not the monarch personally.<a href="#cite_note-59">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personification_of_the_state">Personification of the state</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personification of the state">edit</a>]</div> As the living <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">embodiment</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a>, the sovereign is regarded as the <a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">personification</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Legal_person" title="Legal person">legal personality</a>, of the New Zealand <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a>, with the state therefore referred to as His Majesty The King <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_right_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in right of">in Right of</a> New Zealand,<a href="#cite_note-Pers2-61">[n 6]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[56]</a> or The Crown<a href="#cite_note-63">[57]</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>: Te Karauna<a href="#cite_note-64">[58]</a>). As such, the monarch is the employer of all government staff (including judges, members of the Defence Force, police officers, and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">parliamentarians</a>), as well as the owner of all state land and buildings (Crown property including <a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">Crown land</a>),<a href="#cite_note-65">[59]</a> state-owned companies and agencies (<a href="/wiki/Crown_entity" title="Crown entity">Crown entities</a>),<a href="#cite_note-66">[60]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> for all government publications (<a href="/wiki/Crown_copyright" title="Crown copyright">Crown copyright</a>).<a href="#cite_note-67">[61]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023981488">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 25em;">I, [specify], swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her [or His] Majesty [specify the name of the reigning Sovereign], Her [or His] heirs and successors, according to law. So help me God.<a href="#cite_note-68">[62]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Oath of Allegiance to the Sovereign</cite></div></blockquote> As the embodiment of the state, the monarch is the locus of <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(New_Zealand)" title="Oath of Allegiance (New Zealand)">oaths of allegiance</a>,<a href="#cite_note-oath-69">[63]</a> required of many employees of the Crown,<a href="#cite_note-70">[64]</a> as well as by new citizens, as per the oath of citizenship laid out in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">Citizenship Act</a>. This is done in <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reciprocal" class="extiw" title="wikt:reciprocal">reciprocation</a> to the sovereign's <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office" title="Oath of office">Coronation oath</a>; at the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of Charles III">coronation of Charles III</a> he made a "solemn promise" to "govern the Peoples of" his realms, including New Zealand, "according to their respective laws and customs".<a href="#cite_note-71">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_role">Constitutional role</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Constitutional role">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">New Zealand's constitution</a> is made up of a variety of <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_statutes_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of statutes of New Zealand">statutes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_custom)#New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political custom)">conventions</a> that are either British or New Zealand in origin,<a href="#cite_note-constofnz-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-CO2-35">[32]</a> and together give New Zealand a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> of government wherein the role of the King is both legal and practical. <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a> is regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Corporation_sole" title="Corporation sole">corporation sole</a>,<a href="#cite_note-72">[66]</a> with the sovereign, in the position of head of state,<a href="#cite_note-EIIR2.1-4">[3]</a> as the centre of a construct in which the power of the whole is shared by multiple institutions of government acting under the sovereign's authority.<a href="#cite_note-Murdoch-73">[67]</a> The vast powers that belong to the Crown are collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative" title="Royal prerogative">royal prerogative</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CO8-22">[20]</a> the exercise of which does not require parliamentary approval, though it is not unlimited; for example, the monarch does not have the prerogative to impose and collect new taxes without the authorisation of an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">act of Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-constofnz-2">[2]</a> The consent of the Crown must be obtained before parliament may even debate a bill affecting the sovereign's prerogatives or interests, and no act of Parliament binds the King or his rights unless the act expressly provides that it does.<a href="#cite_note-74">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive">Executive</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Executive">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand#Constitutional_role" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General of New Zealand § Constitutional role</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_Cabinet,_1981.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Queen with 21 ministers seated for a photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/New_Zealand_Cabinet%2C_1981.jpg/220px-New_Zealand_Cabinet%2C_1981.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/New_Zealand_Cabinet%2C_1981.jpg/330px-New_Zealand_Cabinet%2C_1981.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/New_Zealand_Cabinet%2C_1981.jpg/440px-New_Zealand_Cabinet%2C_1981.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1831" data-file-height="1315" /></a><figcaption>Queen Elizabeth II with the New Zealand Cabinet, 1981</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">New Zealand Government</a> (formally termed <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Government_(term)" title="His Majesty's Government (term)">His Majesty's Government</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[69]</a>) is defined by the Constitution Act as the monarch acting on the <a href="/wiki/Advice_(constitutional_law)" title="Advice (constitutional law)">advice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_New_Zealand" title="Executive Council of New Zealand">Executive Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[70]</a> One of the main duties of <a href="/wiki/The_Crown#New_Zealand" title="The Crown">the Crown</a> is to ensure that a democratic government is always in place. This involves appointing a prime minister to thereafter head the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a>, a committee of the Executive Council charged with advising the Crown on the exercise of the royal prerogative,<a href="#cite_note-77">[71]</a> and legally required to keep the governor-general up to date on state affairs.<a href="#cite_note-CO9-78">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[73]</a> In the construct of <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a>, the ministerial advice tendered is typically binding, a situation described as "The [King] reigns, but the government rules, so long as it has the support of the House of Representatives."<a href="#cite_note-80">[74]</a> The royal prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of the ministers,<a href="#cite_note-Murdoch-73">[67]</a> and the monarch or governor-general may unilaterally use these powers in exceptional <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_crisis" title="Constitutional crisis">constitutional crisis</a> situations,<a href="#cite_note-Murdoch-73">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-CO9-78">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-GGRole-81">[75]</a> thereby allowing the monarch to make sure that the government conducts itself in compliance with the constitution. There are also a few duties which must be specifically performed by, or bills that require assent by, the sovereign; these include applying the <a href="/wiki/Royal_sign-manual" title="Royal sign-manual">royal sign-manual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_New_Zealand" title="Seal of New Zealand">Seal of New Zealand</a> to the appointment papers of governors-general, the confirmation of awards of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_royal_honours_system" title="New Zealand royal honours system">New Zealand royal honours</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CO3-6">[5]</a> and the approval of any change in is New Zealand title. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_affairs">Foreign affairs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Foreign affairs">edit</a>]</div> The royal prerogative also extends to foreign affairs: the governor-general conducts <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaties</a>, alliances and international agreements on the advice of the Cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-82">[76]</a> Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9_Convention" title="Lomé Convention">Lomé Convention</a> in 1975, the monarch, rather than the governor-general, would sign treaties on behalf of New Zealand. Following the signing of the convention, it was decided that the governor-general could sign such instruments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-BaxterMcLean2017147-83">[77]</a> The governor-general, on behalf of the monarch, also accredits New Zealand high commissioners and ambassadors, and receives similar diplomats from foreign states. The <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_correspondence" title="Diplomatic correspondence">letters of credence and recall</a> were formerly issued by the monarch, but now are issued in the name of the incumbent governor-general (instead of following the usual international process of the letters being from one head of state to another). The issuance of passports falls under the royal prerogative, and all <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_passport" title="New Zealand passport">New Zealand passports</a> are issued in the monarch's name and remain his property.<a href="#cite_note-84">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament">Parliament</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Parliament">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:1954-state-opening-credit-morris-hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Queen Elizabeth II opening a session of the New Zealand Parliament on 12 January 1954 in the Legislative Council Chamber, Parliament House. She is accepting a vellum copy of her speech from the throne from Sir Sidney Holland (Prime Minister, 1949–1957)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/1954-state-opening-credit-morris-hill.jpg/220px-1954-state-opening-credit-morris-hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/1954-state-opening-credit-morris-hill.jpg/330px-1954-state-opening-credit-morris-hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/1954-state-opening-credit-morris-hill.jpg/440px-1954-state-opening-credit-morris-hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5780" data-file-height="3461" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Queen Elizabeth II opening a session of the New Zealand Parliament, 12 January 1954</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QL56mqTFg8">Queen Opens New Zealand Parliament (1954)</a> Source: <a href="/wiki/British_Path%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="British Pathé">British Pathé</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[79]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The sovereign is one of the two components of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GGRole-81">[75]</a> The monarch and governor-general do not participate in the <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a> process save for the granting of <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a>, which is necessary for a bill to be enacted as law; either figure or a delegate may perform this task; this is now a matter of convention. The Crown is further responsible for summoning and <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_parliament" title="Dissolution of parliament">dissolving</a> the parliament,<a href="#cite_note-86">[80]</a> after which the governor-general usually <a href="/wiki/Writ_of_election" title="Writ of election">calls for a general election</a>. The new <a href="/wiki/Legislative_session" title="Legislative session">parliamentary session</a> is marked by either the monarch or the governor-general reading the <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_throne" title="Speech from the throne">speech from the throne</a>;<a href="#cite_note-87">[81]</a> as they both are traditionally barred from the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> (the elected component of parliament), this ceremony takes place in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legislative_Council_Chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Legislative Council Chamber">Legislative Council Chamber</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[82]</a> Queen Elizabeth II personally opened parliament on seven occasions: January 1954, February 1963, March 1970, February 1974, February 1977, February 1986, and February 1990.<a href="#cite_note-89">[83]</a> Despite the sovereign's exclusion, members of parliament must still express their loyalty to him and defer to his authority, as the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(New_Zealand)" title="Oath of Allegiance (New Zealand)">oath of allegiance</a> must be recited by all new parliamentarians before they may take their seat.<a href="#cite_note-oath-69">[63]</a> Further, the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">official opposition</a> is traditionally referred to as <a href="/wiki/Loyal_opposition" title="Loyal opposition">His Majesty's Loyal Opposition</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[84]</a> illustrating that, while its members are opposed to the incumbent government, they remain loyal to the sovereign (as personification of the state and its authority).<a href="#cite_note-91">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courts">Courts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Courts">edit</a>]</div> The sovereign is responsible for rendering justice for all his subjects, and is thus traditionally deemed the fount of justice.<a href="#cite_note-93">[87]</a> He does not personally rule in judicial cases; instead the judicial functions of the royal prerogative are performed in trust and in the King's name by judges and justices of the peace. The <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_immunity" title="Sovereign immunity">monarch is immune from criminal prosecution</a>, the notion in common law being that the sovereign "can do no wrong";<a href="#cite_note-94">[88]</a> the monarch cannot be prosecuted in his own courts for criminal offences. The monarch, and by extension the governor-general, also grants immunity from prosecution, exercises the <a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative_of_mercy" title="Royal prerogative of mercy">royal prerogative of mercy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CO8-22">[20]</a> and may pardon offences against the Crown, either before, during, or after a trial. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_role">Cultural role</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cultural role">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_presence_and_duties">Royal presence and duties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Royal presence and duties">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Royal_visits_to_New_Zealand" title="Royal visits to New Zealand">Royal visits to New Zealand</a></div> Members of the royal family have been present in New Zealand since the late 1800s, their reasons including participating in military manoeuvres or undertaking official royal tours.<a href="#cite_note-95">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-Royal_tours-96">[90]</a> Usually important milestones, anniversaries, or celebrations of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">New Zealand culture</a> will warrant the presence of the monarch, while other royals will be asked to participate in lesser occasions. Official duties involve the sovereign representing the New Zealand state at home or abroad, or their relations as members of the royal family participating in government organised ceremonies either in New Zealand or elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-Duties-99">[n 7]</a> An invitation from the Prime Minister of New Zealand is the impetus for royal participation in any New Zealand event,<a href="#cite_note-100">[93]</a> with informal consultation occurring beforehand. A committee of the British <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office" title="Cabinet Office">Cabinet Office</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Visits_Committee" title="Royal Visits Committee">Royal Visits Committee</a>, then coordinates the visit schedule and details with the Visits and Ceremonies Office (VCO).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuentin-BaxterMcLean201781-101">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[95]</a> Such events have included centennials and bicentennials; <a href="/wiki/Waitangi_Day" title="Waitangi Day">Waitangi Day</a>; the openings of <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth</a> and other games; anniversaries of Māori treaty signings; awards ceremonies; anniversaries of the monarch's accession; and the like. Conversely, unofficial duties are performed by royal family members on behalf of New Zealand organisations of which they may be <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patrons</a>, through their attendance at charity events, visiting with members of the New Zealand Defence Force as <a href="/wiki/Colonel-in-chief" title="Colonel-in-chief">colonel-in-chief</a>, or marking certain key anniversaries. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_II,_Waitangi_(December_1953)_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Queen_Elizabeth_II%2C_Waitangi_%28December_1953%29_%28crop%29.jpg/220px-Queen_Elizabeth_II%2C_Waitangi_%28December_1953%29_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Queen_Elizabeth_II%2C_Waitangi_%28December_1953%29_%28crop%29.jpg/330px-Queen_Elizabeth_II%2C_Waitangi_%28December_1953%29_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Queen_Elizabeth_II%2C_Waitangi_%28December_1953%29_%28crop%29.jpg/440px-Queen_Elizabeth_II%2C_Waitangi_%28December_1953%29_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2946" data-file-height="1964" /></a><figcaption>Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> being greeted with a Māori ceremony (a <a href="/wiki/P%C5%8Dwhiri" title="Pōwhiri">pōwhiri</a>) before addressing a crowd. Waitangi, December 1953</figcaption></figure> Since 1869, when <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Alfred</a>, one of Queen Victoria's sons, arrived on New Zealand's shores,<a href="#cite_note-Prince_of_Edinburgh-103">[96]</a> dozens of tours of New Zealand by a member of the royal family have taken place, though only five of those occurred before 1953.<a href="#cite_note-Royal_tours-96">[90]</a> After Alfred came the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (later <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">King George V</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a>) in 1901;<a href="#cite_note-104">[97]</a> The Prince of Wales (later <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">King Edward VIII</a>), in 1920;<a href="#cite_note-105">[98]</a> the Duke and Duchess of York (later <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">King George VI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother</a>) in 1927;<a href="#cite_note-106">[99]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester</a>, from 1934 to 1935.<a href="#cite_note-107">[100]</a> Queen Elizabeth II was the first reigning monarch of New Zealand to tour the country, becoming such when she arrived during her 1953–1954 global tour; she broadcast from <a href="/wiki/Old_Government_House,_Auckland" title="Old Government House, Auckland">Government House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> her annual <a href="/wiki/Royal_Christmas_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Christmas Message">royal Christmas message</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[101]</a> Queen Elizabeth II also toured New Zealand on a number of other occasions: between 6 and 18 February 1963, she attended celebrations at <a href="/wiki/Waitangi,_Northland" title="Waitangi, Northland">Waitangi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Creative_New_Zealand" title="Creative New Zealand">Queen Elizabeth II Arts Council</a> was founded as the nation's gift to the monarch;<a href="#cite_note-109">[102]</a> from 12 to 30 March 1970, the Queen, accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Prince Charles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Princess Anne</a>, participated in the <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> bicentenary celebrations;<a href="#cite_note-latervisits-110">[103]</a> between 30 January and 8 February 1974, and she attended and closed <a href="/wiki/1974_British_Commonwealth_Games" title="1974 British Commonwealth Games">that year's Commonwealth Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a> and participated in <a href="/wiki/Waitangi_Day" title="Waitangi Day">New Zealand Day</a> events at Waitangi.<a href="#cite_note-111">[104]</a> As part of a Commonwealth-wide tour for <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">her Silver Jubilee</a>, Elizabeth was in New Zealand from 22 February to 7 March 1977; she made a brief visit, between 12 and 20 October 1981, following a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting">Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting</a> (CHOGM) in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>; marked the centennial of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Police" title="New Zealand Police">New Zealand Police</a> during a tour from 22 February to 2 March 1986; the Queen closed the <a href="/wiki/1990_Commonwealth_Games" title="1990 Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> in Auckland and, with her son, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Earl_of_Wessex_and_Forfar" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Forfar">Prince Edward</a>, took part in events marking the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sesquicentenary" class="extiw" title="wikt:sesquicentenary">sesquicentennial</a> of the Treaty of Waitangi between 1 and 16 February 1990; between 1 and 10 November 1995, she attended the CHOGM in Auckland and opened the newly refurbished parliament buildings; and, as part of her global tour for <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">her Golden Jubilee</a>, Elizabeth was in New Zealand from 22 to 27 February 2002.<a href="#cite_note-latervisits-110">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[105]</a> Some of the royal tours undertaken by more junior members of the royal family include the 1990 visit of Princess Anne to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli" title="Gallipoli">Gallipoli</a> landings on <a href="/wiki/Anzac_Day" title="Anzac Day">Anzac Day</a>,<a href="#cite_note-113">[106]</a> and when <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">Prince William</a> represented the Queen of New Zealand at <a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">VE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victory_over_Japan_Day" title="Victory over Japan Day">VJ</a> Day commemorations in 2005, as part of an 11-day tour,<a href="#cite_note-114">[107]</a> and opened the new <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Supreme Court of New Zealand">Supreme Court of New Zealand</a> building in early 2010.<a href="#cite_note-115">[108]</a> Prince Edward spent two terms of the 1982 academic year as a house tutor and junior master at the <a href="/wiki/Whanganui_Collegiate_School" title="Whanganui Collegiate School">Wanganui Collegiate School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NZRV-10">[9]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1023981488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;">I want to show you that the Crown is not merely an abstract symbol of our unity but a personal and living bond between you and me.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Queen Elizabeth II, <a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Christmas_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="The Queen's Christmas Message">Christmas Message</a>, New Zealand, 1953<a href="#cite_note-116">[109]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Apart from New Zealand, the King and his family regularly perform public duties in the other 14 Commonwealth realms of which he is head of state.<a href="#cite_note-117">[110]</a> This situation can mean members of the royal family will be promoting one nation and not another. On some occasions Queen Elizabeth II had represented the United Kingdom, while her governor-general represented New Zealand, with both in attendance at the same event.<a href="#cite_note-gg_represent-118">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Crown_and_the_Defence_Force">The Crown and the Defence Force</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Crown and the Defence Force">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HM_King_George_VI_visits_No_617_Sqn_RAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="King George with a uniformed man" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/HM_King_George_VI_visits_No_617_Sqn_RAF.jpg/220px-HM_King_George_VI_visits_No_617_Sqn_RAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/HM_King_George_VI_visits_No_617_Sqn_RAF.jpg/330px-HM_King_George_VI_visits_No_617_Sqn_RAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/HM_King_George_VI_visits_No_617_Sqn_RAF.jpg/440px-HM_King_George_VI_visits_No_617_Sqn_RAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> speaking with a <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">RNZAF</a> Flight Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Les_Munro" title="Les Munro">Les Munro</a> at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Scampton" title="RAF Scampton">RAF Scampton</a>, 27 May 1943</figcaption></figure> The Crown sits at the pinnacle of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">New Zealand Defence Force</a>. The governor-general is <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a>, and under the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Act_1990" title="Defence Act 1990">Defence Act 1990</a> is authorised to "raise and maintain armed forces",<a href="#cite_note-119">[112]</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Navy" title="Royal New Zealand Navy">Royal New Zealand Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Army" title="New Zealand Army">New Zealand Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a>. The sovereign's position as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Armed_Forces_(New_Zealand)" title="Head of the Armed Forces (New Zealand)">head of the armed forces</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[113]</a> is reflected in <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Royal_New_Zealand_Navy_ships" title="List of active Royal New Zealand Navy ships">New Zealand's naval vessels</a> bearing the prefix <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_New_Zealand_Ship" title="His Majesty's New Zealand Ship">His Majesty's New Zealand Ship</a> (Her Majesty's New Zealand Ship in the reign of a female monarch), and in the requirement that all members of the armed forces swear their allegiance to the sovereign and his or her heirs and successors.<a href="#cite_note-121">[114]</a> The governor-general <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">commissions officers</a> to command the forces.<a href="#cite_note-GGRole-81">[75]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Allegiance [by Defence Force personnel is to] the Sovereign, [however] loyalty [is] to the Government of the day ... The Defence Force and the disposition of those Forces are at the decision ... of Her Majesty's Ministers for the time being.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>State Services Commission, December 2001<a href="#cite_note-SCC-122">[115]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Though the monarch and members of his family also act as colonels-in-chief of various regiments in the military, <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_organisations_with_royal_patronage#Royal_Family_members_with_honorary_military_appointments" title="List of New Zealand organisations with royal patronage">these posts</a> are only ceremonial in nature, reflecting the Crown's relationship with the military through participation in military ceremonies both at home and abroad.<a href="#cite_note-CF-123">[n 8]</a> The country's only currently ranked <a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_fleet" title="Admiral of the fleet">admiral of the fleet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal" title="Field marshal">field marshal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_air_force" title="Marshal of the air force">marshal of the air force</a> is King Charles III.<a href="#cite_note-124">[116]</a> The ranks were also formerly held by <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Philip">Prince Philip</a>, the consort of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heald-125">[117]</a> Various regiments have also received a royal prefix, such as the <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Royal_New_Zealand_Engineers" title="Corps of Royal New Zealand Engineers">Corps of Royal New Zealand Engineers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Infantry_Regiment" title="Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment">Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Army_Logistic_Regiment" title="Royal New Zealand Army Logistic Regiment">Royal New Zealand Army Logistic Regiment</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Crown_and_Māori">The Crown and Māori</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The Crown and Māori">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_II_wearing_a_korowai,_1954.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Queen wearing a korowai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Queen_Elizabeth_II_wearing_a_korowai%2C_1954.jpg/170px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_wearing_a_korowai%2C_1954.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9f/Queen_Elizabeth_II_wearing_a_korowai%2C_1954.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Queen Elizabeth II wore a korowai (woven Māori cloak) during her first tour of New Zealand in 1953–54.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> interaction with the Crown dates back to 1832, when King <a href="/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="William IV of the United Kingdom">William IV</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/James_Busby" title="James Busby">James Busby</a> as <a href="/wiki/Resident_minister" title="Resident minister">British resident</a>. On 28 October 1835, Busby oversaw a <a href="/wiki/Hui_(M%C4%81ori_assembly)" title="Hui (Māori assembly)">hui</a> held at <a href="/wiki/Waitangi,_Northland" title="Waitangi, Northland">Waitangi</a>, at which a flag was selected for New Zealand and <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Independence_of_New_Zealand" title="Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand">a declaration of independence</a> written by Busby was signed by 36 Māori <a href="/wiki/Rangatira" title="Rangatira">chiefs</a>. Both were acknowledged the following year by the King in a letter from <a href="/wiki/Charles_Grant,_1st_Baron_Glenelg" title="Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg">Lord Glenelg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[118]</a> As a result, the declaration's ratification by the British Parliament in 1836, officials in the Colonial Office determined in 1839 that a treaty of cessation would need to be signed with Māori for the <a href="/wiki/British_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crown">British Crown</a> to acquire sovereignty over New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-127">[119]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> was signed in 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and over 500 Māori chiefs,<a href="#cite_note-Mallenby2002-128">[120]</a> It is considered to be a founding document of government.<a href="#cite_note-129">[121]</a> The Treaty identifies the Crown's right to <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81wanatanga" title="Kāwanatanga">kāwanatanga</a>, or "governorship", leading one Māori academic to argue that kāwanatanga, or His Majesty's Government in New Zealand, is party to the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-130">[122]</a> Since the treaty's implementation, a number of petitions have been made by Māori directly to the sovereign in London, who they felt they had a special relationship, the first coming from northern chiefs in 1852. This and all subsequent appeals were directed back to the sovereign's New Zealand ministers for advice on how to proceed.<a href="#cite_note-131">[123]</a> The results were not always favourable to Māori, who have communicated their discontent to the monarch or other royals; in response to a refusal by the Executive Council in 1981 to allow <a href="/wiki/Mana_Motuhake" title="Mana Motuhake">Mana Motuhake</a> direct access to the Queen, Māori activist <a href="/wiki/Dun_Mihaka" title="Dun Mihaka">Dun Mihaka</a> offered a traditional rebuke by baring his buttocks at the <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Prince</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Princess of Wales</a>. In a later incident Mihaka attempted to crash into the Queen's motorcade; he was intercepted by police before this happened.<a href="#cite_note-132">[124]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buckingham_Palace_reception_(52873236121).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Buckingham_Palace_reception_%2852873236121%29.jpg/220px-Buckingham_Palace_reception_%2852873236121%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Buckingham_Palace_reception_%2852873236121%29.jpg/330px-Buckingham_Palace_reception_%2852873236121%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Buckingham_Palace_reception_%2852873236121%29.jpg/440px-Buckingham_Palace_reception_%2852873236121%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4930" data-file-height="3521" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori King">Māori King</a> <a href="/wiki/T%C5%ABheitia" title="Tūheitia">Tūheitia</a> with King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> in London, 2023</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori language</a>, Queen Elizabeth II is sometimes referred to as te kōtuku-rerenga-tahi, meaning "the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_great_egret" title="Eastern great egret">white heron</a> of a single flight"; in Māori proverb, the rare white heron is a significant bird seen only once in a lifetime.<a href="#cite_note-Buck2-9">[8]</a> In 1953, for <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Coronation of Elizabeth II">her coronation</a>, Elizabeth was given a kiwi feather <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_traditional_textiles" title="Māori traditional textiles">korowai cloak</a>,<a href="#cite_note-133">[125]</a> which she wore when attending a <a href="/wiki/P%C5%8Dwhiri" title="Pōwhiri">pōwhiri</a>, or Māori welcoming ceremony, also speaking partly in Māori.<a href="#cite_note-NZRV-10">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_symbols">Royal symbols</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Royal symbols">edit</a>]</div> References to the monarchy are commonplace in public life in New Zealand and represent one of the most recognisable ways the head of state is incorporated into New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">national identity</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Royal symbols may specifically distinguish institutions that derive their authority from the Crown (such as parliament), establishments with royal associations, or merely be ways of expressing loyal or patriotic sentiment. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_shilling_coin,_1933,_featuring_a_profile_of_King_George_V.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A coin with the King's profile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/New_Zealand_shilling_coin%2C_1933%2C_featuring_a_profile_of_King_George_V.png/220px-New_Zealand_shilling_coin%2C_1933%2C_featuring_a_profile_of_King_George_V.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/New_Zealand_shilling_coin%2C_1933%2C_featuring_a_profile_of_King_George_V.png/330px-New_Zealand_shilling_coin%2C_1933%2C_featuring_a_profile_of_King_George_V.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/New_Zealand_shilling_coin%2C_1933%2C_featuring_a_profile_of_King_George_V.png/440px-New_Zealand_shilling_coin%2C_1933%2C_featuring_a_profile_of_King_George_V.png 2x" data-file-width="2095" data-file-height="1041" /></a><figcaption>New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Shilling" title="Shilling">shilling</a> coin, 1933, featuring a profile of King George V on the <a href="/wiki/Obverse" class="mw-redirect" title="Obverse">obverse</a></figcaption></figure> The main symbol of the monarchy is the sovereign—Queen Elizabeth II, as of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit">[update]</a>, is still depicted on all <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_New_Zealand_dollar" title="Coins of the New Zealand dollar">coins</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_twenty-dollar_note" title="New Zealand twenty-dollar note">twenty-dollar banknote</a>,<a href="#cite_note-134">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[127]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Postage stamps and postal history of New Zealand">postage stamps</a> such as the Queen Elizabeth II definitive stamp.<a href="#cite_note-136">[128]</a> There are references to <a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Crown" title="St Edward's Crown">St Edward's Crown</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand" title="Coat of arms of New Zealand">New Zealand's coat of arms</a>,<a href="#cite_note-137">[129]</a> on various medals, and awards.<a href="#cite_note-138">[130]</a> These latter cases reflect the monarch's place as the formal head of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_royal_honours_system" title="New Zealand royal honours system">New Zealand royal honours system</a>. As such, only he can approve the creation of an <a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">honour</a>, which he does on the advice of the prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-honours2-139">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[132]</a> Though the monarch himself formally appoints members to the various orders,<a href="#cite_note-141">[133]</a> the governor-general administers most other responsibilities relating to New Zealand honours on the sovereign's behalf (such as investitures).<a href="#cite_note-honours2-139">[131]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Standard_of_New_Zealand_(1962%E2%80%932022).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A flag featuring the shield design of the New Zealand coat of arms in the form of an oblong. Superimposed in the centre is a blue roundel bearing a letter 'E' surmounted by a crown within a garland of roses all in gold." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Royal_Standard_of_New_Zealand_%281962%E2%80%932022%29.svg/220px-Royal_Standard_of_New_Zealand_%281962%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Royal_Standard_of_New_Zealand_%281962%E2%80%932022%29.svg/330px-Royal_Standard_of_New_Zealand_%281962%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Royal_Standard_of_New_Zealand_%281962%E2%80%932022%29.svg/440px-Royal_Standard_of_New_Zealand_%281962%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Personal_New_Zealand_Flag" title="Queen's Personal New Zealand Flag">Queen Elizabeth II's personal flag</a>, used in her capacity as Queen of New Zealand</figcaption></figure> Similar to coats of arms, flags are utilised to represent royal authority. A <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Personal_Flag_for_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Personal Flag for New Zealand">personal flag</a> for use by the Queen in New Zealand was adopted in 1962.<a href="#cite_note-flag1-142">[134]</a> It features the shield design of the New Zealand coat of arms in the form of an oblong or square. Superimposed in the centre is a dark blue roundel bearing an initial 'E' surmounted by a crown, all within a gold chaplet of roses.<a href="#cite_note-flag1-142">[134]</a> The current monarch, King Charles III, has not adopted a personal flag for New Zealand. Music and song are utilised in various ways as reminders and identifiers of the sovereign. New Zealand inherited the anthem "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>" (or, alternatively, "God Save the Queen") from Britain.<a href="#cite_note-nationalanthem-143">[135]</a> It remains one of the <a href="/wiki/National_anthems_of_New_Zealand" title="National anthems of New Zealand">two national anthems</a>, along with "<a href="/wiki/God_Defend_New_Zealand" title="God Defend New Zealand">God Defend New Zealand</a>", but has been generally restricted to official occasions where the monarch, a member of the royal family, or the governor-general is in attendance for a particular purpose. The right to declare a song a national anthem currently rests with the sovereign.<a href="#cite_note-nationalanthem-143">[135]</a> As in other Commonwealth realms, the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Official_Birthday" title="King's Official Birthday">King's Birthday</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_New_Zealand" title="Public holidays in New Zealand">public holiday</a> and, in New Zealand, is observed on the first Monday in June (not on the date of the monarch's actual birth).<a href="#cite_note-144">[136]</a> Celebrations are mainly official, including the <a href="/wiki/Birthday_Honours" title="Birthday Honours">Birthday Honours</a> list and military ceremonies.<a href="#cite_note-145">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[138]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_II_New_Zealand_silver_jubilee_stamps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Elizabeth_II_New_Zealand_silver_jubilee_stamps.jpg/780px-Elizabeth_II_New_Zealand_silver_jubilee_stamps.jpg" decoding="async" width="780" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Elizabeth_II_New_Zealand_silver_jubilee_stamps.jpg/1170px-Elizabeth_II_New_Zealand_silver_jubilee_stamps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Elizabeth_II_New_Zealand_silver_jubilee_stamps.jpg/1560px-Elizabeth_II_New_Zealand_silver_jubilee_stamps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1889" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Stamps issued in New Zealand to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Silver Jubilee</a> of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>, as Queen of New Zealand</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisations_with_royal_patronage">Organisations with royal patronage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Organisations with royal patronage">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_organisations_with_royal_patronage" title="List of New Zealand organisations with royal patronage">List of New Zealand organisations with royal patronage</a></div> To receive <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patronage</a>, an organisation must prove to be long lasting, and to be of the highest standard in their field. These organisations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Returned_and_Services%27_Association" title="Royal New Zealand Returned and Services' Association">Royal New Zealand Returned and Services' Association</a>, signified by the prefix royal, have received patronage from various monarchs and their families. Royal patronage is the royal individual's decision to make, though the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a> will help organisations to seek patronage.<a href="#cite_note-147">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Debate">Debate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Debate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_New_Zealand" title="Republicanism in New Zealand">Republicanism in New Zealand</a></div> Despite a similar level of political involvement by the monarchy in both New Zealand and neighbouring Australia, there is less agitation in the former for ending the monarchy and creating a republic than in the latter, where the republicanism movement is stronger. Past public opinion polls have shown that while the majority of Australians are in favour of a republic, New Zealanders on average favour retaining the monarchy.<a href="#cite_note-148">[140]</a> Supporters of the monarchy claim that for New Zealand, "monarchy summarises the inheritance of a thousand years of constitutional government and our links with a glorious past".<a href="#cite_note-149">[141]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Harry_at_Canterbury_University_(17360144220).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Prince_Harry_at_Canterbury_University_%2817360144220%29.jpg/220px-Prince_Harry_at_Canterbury_University_%2817360144220%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Prince_Harry_at_Canterbury_University_%2817360144220%29.jpg/330px-Prince_Harry_at_Canterbury_University_%2817360144220%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Prince_Harry_at_Canterbury_University_%2817360144220%29.jpg/440px-Prince_Harry_at_Canterbury_University_%2817360144220%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Harry">Prince Harry</a> greeting a crowd at <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury University">Canterbury University</a>, 2015</figcaption></figure> Neither <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> nor <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a>, the two major <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">political parties</a> currently in parliament, have a stated policy of creating a republic. The National Party's declared principles include "Loyalty to ... our Sovereign as Head of State".<a href="#cite_note-150">[142]</a> In 2008, former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">John Key</a>, then Leader of the Opposition, said he is "not convinced [a republic] will be a big issue in the short term,"<a href="#cite_note-151">[143]</a> but does believe that a republic is "inevitable."<a href="#cite_note-Holden2009-152">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-johnkey2-153">[145]</a> Former Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cullen_(politician)" title="Michael Cullen (politician)">Michael Cullen</a> declared that he supported the monarchy, stating in 2004 he was "a sort of token monarchist in the Cabinet these days".<a href="#cite_note-quotecullen-154">[146]</a> In 2010 he repudiated that stance, taking the view that New Zealand should move towards a republic once the Queen's reign ends.<a href="#cite_note-cullen_2-155">[147]</a> There are two special-interest groups representing both sides of the debate in New Zealand and arguing the issue in the media from time to time: <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy New Zealand">Monarchy New Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Republic" title="New Zealand Republic">New Zealand Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[148]</a> There are a number of legal issues to be addressed in order to abolish the monarchy,<a href="#cite_note-157">[149]</a> though individuals on both sides of the argument take a different view of the level of difficulty faced.<a href="#cite_note-158">[150]</a> Much of the debate focuses on the reserve powers of the sovereign; the relationship between the various regions of the Realm of New Zealand sharing the same sovereign (the absence of these matters from republican arguments having been criticised as a "self-centredness of republican discussions in New Zealand"<a href="#cite_note-UVWLR-54">[49]</a>); and effects on the relationship between the Crown and Māori, specifically, the continued legal status of the Treaty of Waitangi and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi_claims_and_settlements" title="Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements">its claims and settlements</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[153]</a> Some academics expressed concern that governments could use republicanism to evade treaty responsibilities,<a href="#cite_note-162">[154]</a> while others, such as Professor <a href="/wiki/Noel_Cox" title="Noel Cox">Noel Cox</a>, Chairman-Emeritus of Monarchy New Zealand, have argued a republic would not absolve the Government of its obligations under the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-163">[155]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HRH_Prince_Charles_speech_at_Waitangi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/HRH_Prince_Charles_speech_at_Waitangi.jpg/260px-HRH_Prince_Charles_speech_at_Waitangi.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/HRH_Prince_Charles_speech_at_Waitangi.jpg/390px-HRH_Prince_Charles_speech_at_Waitangi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/HRH_Prince_Charles_speech_at_Waitangi.jpg/520px-HRH_Prince_Charles_speech_at_Waitangi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles</a> (then Prince of Wales) delivering a speech at Waitangi, 2019</figcaption></figure> The institution enjoys the support of most New Zealanders, particularly those born before the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-researchnz_2008-164">[156]</a> With the popular approval of Queen Elizabeth II, and the position of the Treaty of Waitangi under a republic remaining a concern to Māori and other New Zealanders alike, as well as the question of what constitutional form a republic might take unresolved, support for a republic has been no higher than one third to 40 per cent of the population.<a href="#cite_note-researchnz_2008-164">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[157]</a> Polls indicate that many New Zealanders see the monarchy as being of little day-to-day relevance; a <a href="/wiki/One_News_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="One News (New Zealand)">One News</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colmar_Brunton" title="Colmar Brunton">Colmar Brunton</a> poll in 2002 found that 58 per cent of the population believed the monarchy has little or no relevance to their lives.<a href="#cite_note-166">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Business_Review" title="National Business Review">National Business Review</a> poll in 2004 found 57 per cent of respondents believed New Zealand would become a republic "in the future".<a href="#cite_note-167">[159]</a> On 21 April 2008, New Zealand Republic released a poll of New Zealanders showing 43 per cent support the monarchy should Prince Charles become king of New Zealand, and 41 per cent support a republic under the same scenario.<a href="#cite_note-168">[160]</a> A poll by <a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a> in January 2010, before a visit by <a href="/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince William, Duke of Cambridge">Prince William</a> to the country, found 33.3 per cent wanted Prince Charles to be the next monarch, with 30.2 per cent favouring Prince William. 29.4 per cent of respondents preferred a republic in the event Queen Elizabeth died or abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-169">[161]</a> On 14 October 2009, a bill put forward in parliament by <a href="/wiki/Keith_Locke" title="Keith Locke">Keith Locke</a> to bring about a referendum on the monarchy was drawn from the ballot of <a href="/wiki/Private_member%27s_bill#New_Zealand" title="Private member's bill">members' bills</a> and introduced into the legislative chamber.<a href="#cite_note-170">[162]</a> It had been presumed that this bill would have been binding in New Zealand only, having no effect in the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> or <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UVWLR-54">[49]</a> On 21 April 2010 the bill was defeated at its first reading 68–53,<a href="#cite_note-Holden2009-152">[144]</a> and did not continue through to <a href="/wiki/Select_committee_(parliamentary_system)" title="Select committee (parliamentary system)">select committee</a>. On the eve of a royal tour by Prince Charles and <a href="/wiki/Camilla,_Duchess_of_Cornwall" class="mw-redirect" title="Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall">Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall</a>, 10 November 2012, a One News/Colmar Brunton poll reported 70 per cent of people questioned responded they wanted to "keep The Queen as head of state", while only 19 per cent supported a republic.<a href="#cite_note-171">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[164]</a> Following the tour, a poll by Curia Market Research commissioned by New Zealand Republic found 51 per cent of respondents wanted Charles as King once the Queen's reign ends, while 41 per cent supported a republic.<a href="#cite_note-173">[165]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Queen Elizabeth II">death of Queen Elizabeth II</a>, a <a href="/wiki/1News" title="1News">1News</a>/Kantar Public Poll in September 2022 indicated that support for a republic decreased, with 50% of respondents preferring to stay with the monarchy.<a href="#cite_note-174">[166]</a> Support for the monarchy in New Zealand tends to increase during times where there is considerable focus on the royal family, whether this be due to royal tours or significant events such as a <a href="/wiki/Royal_wedding" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal wedding">royal wedding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_statue,_Dunedin,_New_Zealand.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large figure of a woman wearing a crown and robes, positioned on a tall plinth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Queen_Victoria_statue%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.JPG/220px-Queen_Victoria_statue%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Queen_Victoria_statue%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.JPG/330px-Queen_Victoria_statue%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Queen_Victoria_statue%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.JPG/440px-Queen_Victoria_statue%2C_Dunedin%2C_New_Zealand.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A statue of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queens_Gardens,_Dunedin" title="Queens Gardens, Dunedin">Queens Gardens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></figcaption></figure> In the early 19th century, some Māori who visited <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> were introduced to British royalty. Moehanga (or Te Mahanga) of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81puhi" title="Ngāpuhi">Ngāpuhi</a>, the first Māori to visit England, claimed to have met King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> and Queen <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Charlotte</a> in 1806.<a href="#cite_note-176">[168]</a> Other chiefs (<a href="/wiki/Rangatira" title="Rangatira">rangatira</a>) to meet the monarch include <a href="/wiki/Hongi_Hika" title="Hongi Hika">Hongi Hika</a>, who met King <a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">George IV</a> in 1820.<a href="#cite_note-177">[169]</a> Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> first sailed to New Zealand in 1769. There he mapped the entire coastline and tentatively claimed the land for King George III of the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-DeRouen-178">[170]</a> Beginning in 1790, an increasing number of <a href="/wiki/European_settlers_in_New_Zealand" title="European settlers in New Zealand">European settlers</a> came to New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-DeRouen-178">[170]</a> In 1833, with growing lawlessness amongst traders and settlers, the British government appointed <a href="/wiki/James_Busby" title="James Busby">James Busby</a> as <a href="/wiki/British_resident" class="mw-redirect" title="British resident">British resident</a> to protect British trading interests. Despite Busby's presence, trouble increased and further action was needed. On 15 June 1839, the governor of the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">British colony of New South Wales</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Gipps" title="George Gipps">George Gipps</a>, issued a proclamation extending the boundaries of New South Wales to include such territory in New Zealand as might be acquired in sovereignty.<a href="#cite_note-179">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-NZHistory-180">[172]</a> The British government despatched Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Hobson" title="William Hobson">William Hobson</a> to New Zealand to be <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant-governor">lieutenant-governor</a> under Gipps; Hobson was instructed to obtain sovereignty for the <a href="/wiki/British_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crown">British Crown</a> with the consent of Māori chiefs.<a href="#cite_note-Mallenby2002-128">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-NZHistory-180">[172]</a> The resultant <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> was signed on 6 February 1840, at <a href="/wiki/Waitangi,_Northland" title="Waitangi, Northland">Waitangi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Islands" title="Bay of Islands">Bay of Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mallenby2002-128">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-treaty1-181">[173]</a> This laid the foundation<a href="#cite_note-treaty1-181">[173]</a> for the later proclamation of British sovereignty over New Zealand on 21 May 1840. Following that declaration, Britain decided to make New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">a separate colony</a>, and a Charter for Erecting the Colony of New Zealand was issued on 16 November 1840.<a href="#cite_note-NZHistory-180">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mallenby2002-128">[120]</a> <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> thus became New Zealand's head of state.<a href="#cite_note-Mallenby2002-128">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cook2012-182">[174]</a> In 1852, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Constitution_Act_1852" title="New Zealand Constitution Act 1852">New Zealand Constitution Act 1852</a> was passed, establishing <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a> in New Zealand. It also provided for the governor to grant the Royal Assent in the name of the sovereign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution_Act1852Section_56-183">[175]</a> Queen Victoria's second son, <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh</a>, became the first British royal to visit New Zealand. He landed in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> on 11 April 1869, aboard his ship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Galatea_(1859)" title="HMS Galatea (1859)">HMS Galatea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Prince_of_Edinburgh-103">[96]</a> In 1907, New Zealand became a <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominion</a>, which denoted that it was a country of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> (and later the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>) with autonomy in domestic and foreign affairs.<a href="#cite_note-status-184">[176]</a> In 1917, letters patent of King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> set out the powers, duties and responsibilities of the governor-general and the Executive Council.<a href="#cite_note-185">[177]</a> The governor-general remained an appointee of the British Crown on the advice of the British Cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-186">[178]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_II_of_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Queen Elizabeth in the Blue Room of Buckingham Palace. She is wearing: a diamond fern brooch, Queen Mary's Fringe Tiara, the City of London Fringe Necklace, the insignia of the Sovereign of the Order of New Zealand, the badge of the Queen's Service Order, and the sash and star of the New Zealand Order of Merit." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Queen_Elizabeth_II_of_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_of_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Queen_Elizabeth_II_of_New_Zealand.jpg/330px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_of_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Queen_Elizabeth_II_of_New_Zealand.jpg/440px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_of_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>, the longest-reigning New Zealand monarch and the first to be titled Queen of New Zealand, wearing her New Zealand insignia, as sovereign of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_New_Zealand" title="Order of New Zealand">Order of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit" title="New Zealand Order of Merit">New Zealand Order of Merit</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Service_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Service Order">Queen's Service Order</a>, 2011</figcaption></figure> The concept of a <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_New_Zealand" title="Independence of New Zealand">fully independent</a> New Zealand sharing the person of the sovereign with the United Kingdom and other countries only emerged gradually over time through constitutional convention. A series of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Conference" title="Imperial Conference">Imperial Conferences</a> held in London, from 1917 on, resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration_of_1926" title="Balfour Declaration of 1926">Balfour Declaration of 1926</a>, which provided that the United Kingdom and the dominions were to be considered as "autonomous communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate to one another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown".<a href="#cite_note-187">[179]</a> The governor-general of New Zealand, as with all the other <a href="/wiki/Governor-general#Commonwealth_realms" title="Governor-general">governors-general</a> of the Dominions, became the direct representative of the monarch in person, rather than a diplomatic channel between the New Zealand and British governments.<a href="#cite_note-Regalised-188">[180]</a> The Crown was further separated amongst its dominions by the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster in 1931</a>, an act of the British Parliament, which gave New Zealand and other dominions the authority to make their own laws in all matters, while requiring them all to seek each other's assent for changes to monarchical titles and the common line of succession.<a href="#cite_note-189">[181]</a> The British Parliament specifically gave up any claim to legislate for a dominion, save at its own request.<a href="#cite_note-190">[182]</a> New Zealand ratified the Statute in 1947, after the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_Adoption_Act_1947" title="Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947">Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947</a>.<a href="#cite_note-191">[183]</a> A convention persisted that New Zealand prime ministers consulted the British government on the appointment of governors-general until 1967.<a href="#cite_note-192">[184]</a> Although the New Zealand monarchy is now independent, there remains a strong association with the British monarchy and <a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of monarchy in the United Kingdom">its history</a>. For example, there are many portraits of earlier (pre-1840) English kings and queens in New Zealand government buildings, including <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Wellington" title="Government House, Wellington">Government House, Wellington</a>. Several royal portraits were gifted by Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Willoughby_Norrie,_1st_Baron_Norrie" title="Willoughby Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie">Lord Norrie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[186]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1023981488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;">I look forward to continuing to serve to the best of my ability in the years to come. It fills me with great pride to stand before you here today to express my lasting respect and deep affection for this country and for New Zealanders everywhere.<a href="#cite_note-195">[187]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Queen Elizabeth II, 25 February 2002</cite></div></blockquote> One of the first post-<a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> examples of New Zealand's status as an independent monarchy was the alteration of the monarch's title in 1953.<a href="#cite_note-Royal_title1953-27">[25]</a> For the first time, the official New Zealand title mentioned New Zealand separately from the United Kingdom and the other realms,<a href="#cite_note-Peaslee1985-20">[18]</a> to highlight the sovereign's role specifically as king/queen of New Zealand under the concept of the 'divisible crown'.<a href="#cite_note-ER_II_title_1974-196">[188]</a> Elizabeth II's title at that time was Queen of the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories.<a href="#cite_note-Royal_title1953-27">[25]</a> Accordingly, the name of the country in official usage was also changed to the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-status-184">[176]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Titles_Act_1974" title="Royal Titles Act 1974">Royal Titles Act 1974</a> further revised the monarch's New Zealand title to remove the reference to the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-ER_II_title_1974-196">[188]</a> More recently, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act_1986" title="Constitution Act 1986">Constitution Act 1986</a> has become the principal formal statement of New Zealand's constitution. This law formally establishes that the sovereign (in Right of New Zealand) is the head of state of New Zealand and that the governor-general is his representative; each can, in general, exercise all the powers of the other.<a href="#cite_note-CO8-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[n 9]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_monarchs">List of monarchs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: List of monarchs">edit</a>]</div> Listed here are the seven monarchs who have reigned over New Zealand<a href="#cite_note-198">[189]</a>—the British <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">colony of New Zealand</a>, from 1840; followed by the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">Dominion of New Zealand</a>, beginning in 1907; and finally the present-day <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a> of New Zealand. Originally, these monarchs reigned in their right as <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">British sovereigns</a>. <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="width:8%;">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2" style="width:15%;"><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Te reo</a> (Birth–Death) </th> <th style="width:30%;" colspan="2">Reign </th> <th rowspan="2" style="width:20%;">Full name </th> <th rowspan="2" style="width:20%;">Consort </th> <th rowspan="2">House </th></tr> <tr> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg/120px-Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg/180px-Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg/240px-Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2729" data-file-height="3851" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a> Wikitōria<a href="#cite_note-199">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[191]</a> (1819–1901) </td> <td>21 May 1840<a href="#cite_note-201">[n 10]</a> </td> <td>22 January 1901 </td> <td>Alexandrina Victoria </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">Hanover</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Governors: <a href="/wiki/William_Hobson" title="William Hobson">William Hobson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_FitzRoy" title="Robert FitzRoy">Robert FitzRoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey">Sir George Grey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gore_Browne" title="Thomas Gore Browne">Thomas Gore Browne</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Bowen" title="George Bowen">Sir George Ferguson Bowen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Fergusson,_6th_Baronet" title="Sir James Fergusson, 6th Baronet">Sir George Ferguson Bowen</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Phipps,_2nd_Marquess_of_Normanby" title="George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby">Marquess of Normanby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hercules_Robinson,_1st_Baron_Rosmead" title="Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead">Sir Hercules Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hamilton-Gordon,_1st_Baron_Stanmore" title="Arthur Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Baron Stanmore">Sir Arthur Hamilton-Gordon</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jervois" title="William Jervois">Sir William Jervois</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Onslow,_4th_Earl_of_Onslow" title="William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow">Earl of Onslow</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Boyle,_7th_Earl_of_Glasgow" title="David Boyle, 7th Earl of Glasgow">Earl of Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uchter_Knox,_5th_Earl_of_Ranfurly" title="Uchter Knox, 5th Earl of Ranfurly">Earl of Ranfurly</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Premiers/Prime ministers: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Sewell" title="Henry Sewell">Henry Sewell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Fox_(politician)" title="William Fox (politician)">Sir William Fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stafford_(politician)" title="Edward Stafford (politician)">Sir Edward Stafford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Domett" title="Alfred Domett">Alfred Domett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Whitaker" title="Frederick Whitaker">Sir Frederick Whitaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Weld" title="Frederick Weld">Sir Frederick Weld</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Waterhouse_(politician)" title="George Waterhouse (politician)">George Waterhouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Sir Julius Vogel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pollen" title="Daniel Pollen">Daniel Pollen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Atkinson" title="Harry Atkinson">Sir Harry Atkinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey">Sir George Grey</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Hall (New Zealand politician)">Sir John Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stout" title="Robert Stout">Sir Robert Stout</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ballance" title="John Ballance">John Ballance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Seddon" title="Richard Seddon">Richard Seddon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Eduard_VII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Eduard_VII.jpg/120px-Eduard_VII.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Eduard_VII.jpg/180px-Eduard_VII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Eduard_VII.jpg/240px-Eduard_VII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="1000" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> Eruera te Tuawhitu<a href="#cite_note-202">[192]</a> (1841–1910) </td> <td>22 January 1901 </td> <td>6 May 1910 </td> <td>Albert Edward </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Alexandra of Denmark</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Governors: Earl of Ranfurly, <a href="/wiki/William_Plunket,_5th_Baron_Plunket" title="William Plunket, 5th Baron Plunket">Lord Plunket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Prime ministers: Richard Seddon, <a href="/wiki/William_Hall-Jones" title="William Hall-Jones">Sir William Hall-Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ward" title="Joseph Ward">Sir Joseph Ward</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:King_George_1923_LCCN2014715558_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/King_George_1923_LCCN2014715558_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-King_George_1923_LCCN2014715558_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/King_George_1923_LCCN2014715558_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-King_George_1923_LCCN2014715558_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/King_George_1923_LCCN2014715558_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-King_George_1923_LCCN2014715558_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3283" data-file-height="4629" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> Hōri te Tuarima<a href="#cite_note-203">[193]</a> (1865–1936) </td> <td>6 May 1910 </td> <td>20 January 1936 </td> <td>George Frederick Ernest Albert </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary of Teck</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">Windsor</a><a href="#cite_note-Windsor-204">[n 11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Governors/Governors-general: Lord Plunket, <a href="/wiki/John_Dickson-Poynder,_1st_Baron_Islington" title="John Dickson-Poynder, 1st Baron Islington">Lord Islington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Foljambe,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool" title="Arthur Foljambe, 2nd Earl of Liverpool">Earl of Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Jellicoe,_1st_Earl_Jellicoe" title="John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe">Viscount Jellicoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Fergusson,_7th_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Fergusson, 7th Baronet">Sir Charles Fergusson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bathurst,_1st_Viscount_Bledisloe" title="Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe">Lord Bledisloe</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Monckton-Arundell,_8th_Viscount_Galway" title="George Monckton-Arundell, 8th Viscount Galway">Viscount Galway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Prime ministers: Sir Joseph Ward, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mackenzie" title="Thomas Mackenzie">Sir Thomas Mackenzie</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Massey" title="William Massey">William Massey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)">Sir Francis Bell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Coates" title="Gordon Coates">Gordon Coates</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Forbes_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="George Forbes (New Zealand politician)">George Forbes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Michael Joseph Savage</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_(HS85-10-36416).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg/120px-HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg/180px-HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg/240px-HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2222" data-file-height="2994" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a> Eruera te Tuawaru<a href="#cite_note-205">[194]</a> (1894–1972) </td> <td>20 January 1936 </td> <td>11 December 1936 </td> <td>Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David </td> <td>None </td> <td>Windsor </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Governor-general: Viscount Galway </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Prime minister: Michael Joseph Savage </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_A_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_A_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_A_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_A_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_A_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_A_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_A_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1834" data-file-height="2385" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> Hōri te Tuaono<a href="#cite_note-206">[195]</a> (1895–1952) </td> <td>11 December 1936 </td> <td>6 February 1952 </td> <td>Albert Frederick Arthur George </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a> </td> <td>Windsor </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Governors-general: Viscount Galway, <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Newall,_1st_Baron_Newall" title="Cyril Newall, 1st Baron Newall">Sir Cyril Newall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Freyberg,_1st_Baron_Freyberg" title="Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg">Lord Freyberg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Prime ministers: Michael Joseph Savage, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Peter Fraser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Holland" title="Sidney Holland">Sir Sidney Holland</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_II,_Queen_of_New_Zealand.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Elizabeth_II%2C_Queen_of_New_Zealand.jpeg/120px-Elizabeth_II%2C_Queen_of_New_Zealand.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Elizabeth_II%2C_Queen_of_New_Zealand.jpeg/180px-Elizabeth_II%2C_Queen_of_New_Zealand.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Elizabeth_II%2C_Queen_of_New_Zealand.jpeg/240px-Elizabeth_II%2C_Queen_of_New_Zealand.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="785" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> Irihāpeti te Tuarua<a href="#cite_note-207">[196]</a> (1926–2022) </td> <td>6 February 1952 </td> <td>8 September 2022 </td> <td>Elizabeth Alexandra Mary </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Philip Mountbatten</a> </td> <td>Windsor </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Governors-general: Lord Freyberg, <a href="/wiki/Willoughby_Norrie,_1st_Baron_Norrie" title="Willoughby Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie">Sir Willoughby Norrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyttelton,_10th_Viscount_Cobham" title="Charles Lyttelton, 10th Viscount Cobham">Viscount Cobham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Fergusson,_Baron_Ballantrae" title="Bernard Fergusson, Baron Ballantrae">Sir Bernard Fergusson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Porritt,_Baron_Porritt" title="Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt">Sir Arthur Porritt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Blundell" title="Denis Blundell">Sir Denis Blundell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Sir Keith Holyoake</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Beattie" title="David Beattie">Sir David Beattie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Reeves" title="Paul Reeves">Sir Paul Reeves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tizard" title="Catherine Tizard">Dame Catherine Tizard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hardie_Boys" title="Michael Hardie Boys">Sir Michael Boys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silvia_Cartwright" title="Silvia Cartwright">Dame Silvia Cartwright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anand_Satyanand" title="Anand Satyanand">Sir Anand Satyanand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Mateparae" title="Jerry Mateparae">Sir Jerry Mateparae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patsy_Reddy" title="Patsy Reddy">Dame Patsy Reddy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Kiro" title="Cindy Kiro">Dame Cindy Kiro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Prime ministers: Sir Sidney Holland, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Sir Keith Holyoake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Nash" title="Walter Nash">Sir Walter Nash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Marshall" title="Jack Marshall">Sir Jack Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Norman Kirk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Sir Bill Rowling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Sir Robert Muldoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Sir Geoffrey Palmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)">Mike Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Jim Bolger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Shipley" title="Jenny Shipley">Dame Jenny Shipley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Helen Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Key" title="John Key">Sir John Key</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Sir Bill English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dame_Jacinda_Ardern" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Jacinda Ardern">Dame Jacinda Ardern</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Charles_III_(July_2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/120px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/180px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/240px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="1025" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> Tiāre te Tuatoru<a href="#cite_note-208">[197]</a> (born 1948) </td> <td>8 September 2022 </td> <td>present </td> <td>Charles Philip Arthur George </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Camilla Shand</a> </td> <td>Windsor </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Governors-general: Dame Cindy Kiro </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Prime ministers: Dame Jacinda Ardern, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hipkins" title="Chris Hipkins">Chris Hipkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Christopher Luxon</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline_of_kings_and_queens_regnant">Timeline of kings and queens regnant</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Timeline of kings and queens regnant">edit</a>]</div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_lxggeeiteds3bxb2hcmhmdlutasq10g"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Charles_III" coords="807,65,905,86" title="Charles III" alt="Charles III" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" coords="798,56,901,77" title="Elizabeth II" alt="Elizabeth II" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/George_VI" coords="493,47,579,68" title="George VI" alt="George VI" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" coords="428,39,525,59" title="Edward VIII" alt="Edward VIII" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/George_V" coords="424,30,505,51" title="George V" alt="George V" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Edward_VII" coords="313,21,405,42" title="Edward VII" alt="Edward VII" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" coords="273,12,354,33" title="Queen Victoria" alt="Queen Victoria" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_lxggeeiteds3bxb2hcmhmdlutasq10g" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/lxggeeiteds3bxb2hcmhmdlutasq10g.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/30px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/45px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/60px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="108" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Monarchy" title="Portal:Monarchy">Monarchy portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">New Zealand portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_King_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori King Movement">Māori King Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Monarchy in the Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Oceania" title="Monarchies in Oceania">Monarchies in Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchies" title="List of monarchies">List of monarchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Train_(New_Zealand)" title="Royal Train (New Zealand)">Royal Train (New Zealand)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> The monarchy is also referred to as <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a>, the Crown <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/in_right_of" class="extiw" title="wikt:in right of">in Right of</a> New Zealand, His Majesty the King in Right of New Zealand or the Sovereign in Right of New Zealand, especially in regard to the entire <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of New Zealand">government of New Zealand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-constofnz-2">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-1931_statute-11"><a href="#cite_ref-1931_statute_11-0">^</a> The Statute of Westminster was initiated by the British parliament. Although it was not <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_Adoption_Act_1947" title="Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947">adopted in New Zealand until 1947</a>, the statute's validity in the United Kingdom meant that British ministers of the Crown would no longer intervene in New Zealand affairs without the consent of New Zealand politicians. See <a href="#History">§ History</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> When in New Zealand, the monarch has attended <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> church services,<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> but has no official role in the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church in New Zealand">Anglican Church in New Zealand</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-EdVIII1-42"><a href="#cite_ref-EdVIII1_42-0">^</a> For example, King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a> was never crowned, yet was undoubtedly king during his short time on the throne.<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-EdVIII2-45"><a href="#cite_ref-EdVIII2_45-0">^</a> The only New Zealand monarch to abdicate, King Edward VIII, did so with the authorisation of the New Zealand government granted in <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Declaration_of_Abdication_Act_1936" title="His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936">His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936</a> (UK).<a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pers2-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Pers2_61-0">^</a> For example, if a lawsuit is filed against the government, the respondent is formally described as His Majesty The King in Right of New Zealand, or simply Rex. </li> <li id="cite_note-Duties-99"><a href="#cite_ref-Duties_99-0">^</a> Though the royal family represents other countries abroad, as directed by their respective cabinets, and typically the governor-general will undertake <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">state visits</a> and other foreign duties on behalf of the monarch of New Zealand,<a href="#cite_note-97">[91]</a> members of the royal family will also take part in New Zealand events overseas. For example, on 11 November 2006, the Queen – accompanied by the Duke of Edinburgh, the Prince of Wales, the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Duchess of Cornwall</a>, Prince William, the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Duke of York</a>, and the Princess Royal – dedicated the New Zealand war memorial in London's <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a>, reviewing a royal <a href="/wiki/Guard_of_honour" title="Guard of honour">Guard of honour</a> formed by the largest contingent of New Zealand forces seen in the UK since her coronation in 1953.<a href="#cite_note-98">[92]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-CF-123"><a href="#cite_ref-CF_123-0">^</a> Such events include inspections of the troops, and anniversaries of key battles; the governor-general represents the sovereign at military commemorations in New Zealand and sometimes at ceremonies abroad; for example, Sir <a href="/wiki/Anand_Satyanand" title="Anand Satyanand">Anand Satyanand</a> in 2007 attended commemorations of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Battle of Passchendaele</a> in Belgium,<a href="#cite_note-gg_represent-118">[111]</a> whenever the sovereign or a member of her family is in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, they lay a wreath at the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum#War_Memorial" title="Auckland War Memorial Museum">War Memorial</a>, or at the <a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(New_Zealand)" title="National War Memorial (New Zealand)">National War Memorial</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> The Constitution Act also repealed and replaced the Statute of Westminster, and removed the remaining ability of the British parliament to intervene in New Zealand constitutional affairs.<a href="#cite_note-Currie-12">[10]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> Queen Victoria reigned as British sovereign from 20 June 1837. British sovereignty over New Zealand was proclaimed on 21 May 1840 by Lieutenant-Governor William Hobson. </li> <li id="cite_note-Windsor-204"><a href="#cite_ref-Windsor_204-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a> until 1917, and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">Windsor</a> thereafter </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShoreKawharu2014">Shore & Kawharu 2014</a>, p. 17 </li> <li id="cite_note-constofnz-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-constofnz_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constofnz_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-constofnz_2-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Office of the Governor-General of New Zealand</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gg.govt.nz/role/constofnz/intro">"On the Constitution of New Zealand"</a>. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+Constitution+of+New+Zealand&rft.au=Office+of+the+Governor-General+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgg.govt.nz%2Frole%2Fconstofnz%2Fintro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EIIR2.1-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EIIR2.1_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EIIR2.1_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_II1986" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom">Elizabeth II</a> (13 December 1986), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1986/0114/latest/whole.html#dlm94204">Constitution Act 1986</a>, 2.1, Wellington: <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Counsel_Office_(New_Zealand)" title="Parliamentary Counsel Office (New Zealand)">Parliamentary Counsel Office (New Zealand)</a>, retrieved 30 December 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitution+Act+1986&rft.place=Wellington&rft.series=2.1&rft.pub=Parliamentary+Counsel+Office+%28New+Zealand%29&rft.date=1986-12-13&rft.au=Elizabeth+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F1986%2F0114%2Flatest%2Fwhole.html%23dlm94204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_the_Prime_Minister_and_Cabinet2022" class="citation web cs1">Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (29 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fyi.org.nz/request/20510-accession-of-king-charles-iii#incoming-77900">"Accession of King Charles III – a Official Information Act request to Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet"</a>. Retrieved 25 October 2022 – via FYI.org.nz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Accession+of+King+Charles+III+%E2%80%93+a+Official+Information+Act+request+to+Department+of+the+Prime+Minister+and+Cabinet&rft.date=2022-09-29&rft.au=Department+of+the+Prime+Minister+and+Cabinet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffyi.org.nz%2Frequest%2F20510-accession-of-king-charles-iii%23incoming-77900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CO3-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CO3_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CO3_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCabinet_Office2017">Cabinet Office 2017</a>, p. 3 </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCabinet_Office2017">Cabinet Office 2017</a>, p. 7 </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/queen-elizabeth-jubilee/changing-attitudes-to-monarchy">"Changing attitudes to monarchy"</a>. NZ History. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a>. Retrieved 24 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZ+History&rft.atitle=Changing+attitudes+to+monarchy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhistory.govt.nz%2Fpolitics%2Fqueen-elizabeth-jubilee%2Fchanging-attitudes-to-monarchy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buck2-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buck2_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buck2_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buck2_9-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Royal_Household" class="citation web cs1">The Royal Household. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150321064801/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/NewZealand/TheQueensroleinNewZealand.aspx">"The Queen and the Commonwealth > Queen and New Zealand > The Queen's role in New Zealand"</a>. Queen's Printer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/NewZealand/TheQueensroleinNewZealand.aspx">the original</a> on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Queen+and+the+Commonwealth+%3E+Queen+and+New+Zealand+%3E+The+Queen%27s+role+in+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer&rft.au=The+Royal+Household&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FMonarchAndCommonwealth%2FNewZealand%2FTheQueensroleinNewZealand.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZRV-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NZRV_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZRV_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZRV_10-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Household" class="citation web cs1">Royal Household. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101224222525/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/NewZealand/Royalvisits.aspx">"The Queen and the Commonwealth > Queen and New Zealand > Royal visits"</a>. Queen's Printer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/NewZealand/Royalvisits.aspx">the original</a> on 24 December 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Queen+and+the+Commonwealth+%3E+Queen+and+New+Zealand+%3E+Royal+visits&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer&rft.au=Royal+Household&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FMonarchAndCommonwealth%2FNewZealand%2FRoyalvisits.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Currie-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Currie_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Currie_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurrie1945" class="citation journal cs1">Currie, A. E. (March 1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-law-journal/article/abs/new-zealand-and-the-statute-of-westminster-by-a-e-currie-wellington-nz-butterworth-co-aus-ltd1944-43-pp-3s-6d/4883489F9B75208EA8C22110C90E3137">"New Zealand and the Statute of Westminster"</a>. The Cambridge Law Journal. 9 (1). Wellington, NZ: Butterworth & Co.: 152. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0008197300123281">10.1017/S0008197300123281</a>. Retrieved 25 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cambridge+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+and+the+Statute+of+Westminster&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=152&rft.date=1945-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0008197300123281&rft.aulast=Currie&rft.aufirst=A.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fcambridge-law-journal%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fnew-zealand-and-the-statute-of-westminster-by-a-e-currie-wellington-nz-butterworth-co-aus-ltd1944-43-pp-3s-6d%2F4883489F9B75208EA8C22110C90E3137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrepanier2004" class="citation journal cs1">Trepanier, Peter (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025113756/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/27/2/27n2_04e_trepanier.pdf">"Some Visual Aspects of the Monarchical Tradition"</a> (PDF). Canadian Parliamentary Review. 27 (2). Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association: 28. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/27/2/27n2_04e_trepanier.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Parliamentary+Review&rft.atitle=Some+Visual+Aspects+of+the+Monarchical+Tradition&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=28&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Trepanier&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.parl.gc.ca%2FSites%2FLOP%2FInfoparl%2F27%2F2%2F27n2_04e_trepanier.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kisch2009-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kisch2009_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kisch2009_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKisch2009" class="citation book cs1">Kisch, Conrad (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ne1Gh4nEkM0C&pg=PA43">Destination. New Zealand</a>. Gyldendal Uddannelse. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788702075847" title="Special:BookSources/9788702075847"><bdi>9788702075847</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destination.+New+Zealand&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Gyldendal+Uddannelse&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9788702075847&rft.aulast=Kisch&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNe1Gh4nEkM0C%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallory1956" class="citation journal cs1">Mallory, J.R. (August 1956). "Seals and Symbols: From Substance to Form in Commonwealth Equality". The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science. 22 (3). Montreal: Blackwell Publishing: 281–291. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F138434">10.2307/138434</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-4085">0008-4085</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/138434">138434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Journal+of+Economics+and+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Seals+and+Symbols%3A+From+Substance+to+Form+in+Commonwealth+Equality&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=281-291&rft.date=1956-08&rft.issn=0008-4085&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F138434%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F138434&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.aufirst=J.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/royal-family/page-2">"Royal family – Royal tours"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a>. Retrieved 2 September 2016. <q>Many New Zealanders are content to have the British monarch as head of state</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Royal+family+%E2%80%93+Royal+tours&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Froyal-family%2Fpage-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCopley1999" class="citation book cs1">Copley, Gregory R. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p-Y-AQAAIAAJ">Defense & Foreign Affairs Handbook</a>. Perth Corporation. p. 1056. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781892998033" title="Special:BookSources/9781892998033"><bdi>9781892998033</bdi></a>. Retrieved 25 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defense+%26+Foreign+Affairs+Handbook&rft.pages=1056&rft.pub=Perth+Corporation&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781892998033&rft.aulast=Copley&rft.aufirst=Gregory+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp-Y-AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McLean_GG-18"><a href="#cite_ref-McLean_GG_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLean" class="citation web cs1">McLean, Gavin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gg.govt.nz/office-governor-general/roles-and-functions-governor-general/constitutional-role/queen-public-ceremonial-roles">"The Queen's constitutional and public ceremonial roles"</a>. Government House. <q>She reigns as Queen of New Zealand independently of her position as Queen of the United Kingdom.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Queen%27s+constitutional+and+public+ceremonial+roles&rft.pub=Government+House&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgg.govt.nz%2Foffice-governor-general%2Froles-and-functions-governor-general%2Fconstitutional-role%2Fqueen-public-ceremonial-roles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBoyce2008">Boyce 2008</a>, p. 172 </li> <li id="cite_note-Peaslee1985-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peaslee1985_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peaslee1985_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peaslee1985_20-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeaslee1985" class="citation book cs1">Peaslee, Amos J. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1YDkjh7p-xYC&pg=PA882">Constitutions of Nations</a> (Rev. 4th ed.). Dordrecht: Nijhoff. p. 882. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789024729050" title="Special:BookSources/9789024729050"><bdi>9789024729050</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutions+of+Nations&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pages=882&rft.edition=Rev.+4th&rft.pub=Nijhoff.&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9789024729050&rft.aulast=Peaslee&rft.aufirst=Amos+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1YDkjh7p-xYC%26pg%3DPA882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Governor-General_of_New_Zealand2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Office of the Governor-General of New Zealand</a> (27 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gg.govt.nz/role">"Role & Functions > The Role of the Governor-General"</a>. Government House. Retrieved 26 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Role+%26+Functions+%3E+The+Role+of+the+Governor-General&rft.pub=Government+House&rft.date=2017-02-27&rft.au=Office+of+the+Governor-General+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.govt.nz%2Frole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CO8-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CO8_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CO8_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CO8_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CO8_22-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFCabinet_Office2017">Cabinet Office 2017</a>, p. 8 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFElizabeth_II1986">Elizabeth II 1986</a>, 3.2 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/saturday/audio/2018817602/dame-cindy-kiro-the-first-female-maori-governor-general">"Dame Cindy Kiro: the first female Māori governor-general"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a>. 23 October 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=Dame+Cindy+Kiro%3A+the+first+female+M%C4%81ori+governor-general&rft.date=2021-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fprogrammes%2Fsaturday%2Faudio%2F2018817602%2Fdame-cindy-kiro-the-first-female-maori-governor-general&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheare1953" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/K._C._Wheare" class="mw-redirect" title="K. C. Wheare">Wheare, K.C.</a> (1953). "The Nature and Structure of the Commonwealth". American Political Science Review. 47 (4): 1022. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1951122">10.2307/1951122</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1951122">1951122</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147443295">147443295</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=The+Nature+and+Structure+of+the+Commonwealth&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1022&rft.date=1953&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147443295%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1951122%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1951122&rft.aulast=Wheare&rft.aufirst=K.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonwealthbc.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/QC_90_Glorious_Years_LR.pdf">Queen & Commonwealth: 90 Glorious Years</a> (PDF). Henley Media Group. 2016. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780992802066" title="Special:BookSources/9780992802066"><bdi>9780992802066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queen+%26+Commonwealth%3A+90+Glorious+Years&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Henley+Media+Group&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780992802066&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonwealthbc.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F11%2FQC_90_Glorious_Years_LR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royal_title1953-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_title1953_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_title1953_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royal_title1953_27-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_II" class="citation book cs1">Elizabeth II. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/1953/0079/4.0/whole.html">The Royal Titles Proclamation (SR 1953/79) (as at 03 July 1953)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Counsel_Office_(New_Zealand)" title="Parliamentary Counsel Office (New Zealand)">Parliamentary Counsel Office (New Zealand)</a>. Retrieved 4 June 2022. <q>[T]here has been passed in the present session of the Parliament of New Zealand the Royal Titles Act 1953, which Act recites that it is expedient that the style and titles at present appertaining to the Crown should be altered so as to reflect more clearly the existing relations of the members of the Commonwealth to one another.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Titles+Proclamation+%28SR+1953%2F79%29+%28as+at+03+July+1953%29&rft.pub=Parliamentary+Counsel+Office+%28New+Zealand%29&rft.au=Elizabeth+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.govt.nz%2Fregulation%2Fpublic%2F1953%2F0079%2F4.0%2Fwhole.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiro" class="citation news cs1">Kiro, Cindy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2022-vr3873">"Proclamation of Accession"</a>. New Zealand Gazette. Retrieved 11 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Gazette&rft.atitle=Proclamation+of+Accession&rft.aulast=Kiro&rft.aufirst=Cindy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazette.govt.nz%2Fnotice%2Fid%2F2022-vr3873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhdar2014" class="citation book cs1">Ahdar, Rex (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.religlaw.org/content/blurb/files/New%20Zealand%202014.pdf">Religion and the State in New Zealand</a> (PDF). pp. 569–571. 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Wellington: Bridget Williams Books. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877242-16-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-877242-16-8"><bdi>978-1-877242-16-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Illustrated+History+of+the+Treaty+of+Waitangi&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Bridget+Williams+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-877242-16-8&rft.aulast=Orange&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mallenby2002-128">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mallenby2002_128-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mallenby2002_128-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mallenby2002_128-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mallenby2002_128-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mallenby2002_128-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallenbyMallenby2002" class="citation book cs1">Mallenby, Patricia E.A.; Mallenby, Jeremy T.T. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S9qOdk1499YC&pg=PA315">Essays in World History: An Undergraduate Perspective</a>. Victoria, B.C.: First Choice Books. pp. 314–215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780978059316" title="Special:BookSources/9780978059316"><bdi>9780978059316</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+in+World+History%3A+An+Undergraduate+Perspective&rft.place=Victoria%2C+B.C.&rft.pages=314-215&rft.pub=First+Choice+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780978059316&rft.aulast=Mallenby&rft.aufirst=Patricia+E.A.&rft.au=Mallenby%2C+Jeremy+T.T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS9qOdk1499YC%26pg%3DPA315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCabinet_Office2017">Cabinet Office 2017</a>, p. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1996" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Moana_Jackson" title="Moana Jackson">Jackson, Moana</a> (1996), Trainor, Luke (ed.), Republicanism in New Zealand, Palmerston North: Dunmore Press, p. 119, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86469-256-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86469-256-6"><bdi>978-0-86469-256-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Republicanism+in+New+Zealand&rft.place=Palmerston+North&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Dunmore+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-86469-256-6&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Moana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistory_Group_of_the_New_Zealand_Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" class="citation web cs1">History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/node/2150">"Politics and government > Maori leadership > Maori King movement – 1860–94 > Normalising relations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage (New Zealand)">Ministry for Culture and Heritage (New Zealand)</a>. Retrieved 2 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Politics+and+government+%3E+Maori+leadership+%3E+Maori+King+movement+%E2%80%93+1860%E2%80%9394+%3E+Normalising+relations&rft.pub=Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage+%28New+Zealand%29&rft.au=History+Group+of+the+New+Zealand+Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzhistory.net.nz%2Fnode%2F2150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081222070858/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1866667_1866668_1866592,00.html">"Top 10 Odd Protests – Down (Under) And Dirty"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. 15 December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1866667_1866668_1866592,00.html">the original</a> on 22 December 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Top+10+Odd+Protests+%E2%80%93+Down+%28Under%29+And+Dirty&rft.date=2008-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fspecials%2Fpackages%2Farticle%2F0%2C28804%2C1866667_1866668_1866592%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Household" class="citation web cs1">Royal Household. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/NewZealand/Symbolsandceremonies.aspx">"The Queen and the Commonwealth > Queen and New Zealand > Symbols and ceremonies"</a>. Queen's Printer. Retrieved 2 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Queen+and+the+Commonwealth+%3E+Queen+and+New+Zealand+%3E+Symbols+and+ceremonies&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer&rft.au=Royal+Household&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FMonarchAndCommonwealth%2FNewZealand%2FSymbolsandceremonies.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wilson, John (16 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/nation-and-government/page-4">"Nation and government – System of government"</a>. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 29 October 2018. <q>The Queen's portrait appears on New Zealand's banknotes and coins (though no longer on most issues of postage stamps).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nation+and+government+%E2%80%93+System+of+government&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2016-09-16&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fnation-and-government%2Fpage-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollock2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pollock, Kerryn (20 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/coins-and-banknotes/page-3">"Coins and banknotes – Decimal currency, 1960s to 2000s"</a>. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 29 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Coins+and+banknotes+%E2%80%93+Decimal+currency%2C+1960s+to+2000s&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2012-06-20&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=Kerryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fcoins-and-banknotes%2Fpage-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stamps.nzpost.co.nz/new-zealand/1977/queen-elizabeth-ii">"Queen Elizabeth II"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Post">New Zealand Post</a>. Retrieved 30 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Queen+Elizabeth+II&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstamps.nzpost.co.nz%2Fnew-zealand%2F1977%2Fqueen-elizabeth-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mch.govt.nz/nz-identity-heritage/coat-arms">"Coat of Arms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a>. Retrieved 29 October 2018. <q>St Edward's Crown, shown above the shield, was used in the Coronation ceremony of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. The crown symbolises Her Majesty as Queen of New Zealand under the New Zealand Royal Titles Act 1953.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coat+of+Arms&rft.pub=Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmch.govt.nz%2Fnz-identity-heritage%2Fcoat-arms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> For instance: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dpmc.govt.nz/our-programmes/new-zealand-royal-honours/new-zealand-royal-honours-system/components-new-zealand-2">The Queen's Service Order</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Prime_Minister_and_Cabinet_(New_Zealand)" title="Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (New Zealand)">Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet</a>, retrieved 29 October 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queen%27s+Service+Order&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Prime+Minister+and+Cabinet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdpmc.govt.nz%2Four-programmes%2Fnew-zealand-royal-honours%2Fnew-zealand-royal-honours-system%2Fcomponents-new-zealand-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-honours2-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-honours2_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-honours2_139-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gg.govt.nz/honours">"New Zealand Royal Honours"</a>. The Governor-General. Retrieved 2 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Royal+Honours&rft.pub=The+Governor-General&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgg.govt.nz%2Fhonours&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/honours">"Honours Unit – DPMC"</a>. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 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Retrieved 25 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZHistory&rft.atitle=Dominion+Day+%E2%80%93+From+colony+to+dominion&rft.date=2012-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzhistory.net.nz%2Fculture%2Fdominion-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph2014" class="citation cs2">Joseph, Philip A (2014), Constitutional and Administrative Law in New Zealand, Wellington: Brookers, p. 140, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-864-72843-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-864-72843-2"><bdi>978-0-864-72843-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutional+and+Administrative+Law+in+New+Zealand&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Brookers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-864-72843-2&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Philip+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gg.govt.nz/image-galleries/art-and-artifacts">"Art and artifacts"</a>. gg.govt.nz. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/mi/te-whutupaoro-maori/print">"Māori rugby – whutupaoro"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C4%81ori+rugby+%E2%80%93+whutupaoro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fmi%2Fte-whutupaoro-maori%2Fprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.28maoribattalion.org.nz/audio/ohinemutu-1943-governor-general-gives-speech">"Ohinemutu 1943: Governor General gives speech | 28 Māori Battalion"</a>.</cite><span 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li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstitution_Act1852" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-GovCons-t1-body-d1-d1.html">"New Zealand Constitution Act 1852"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a> – New Zealand Electronic Text Collection. 30 June 1852. 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Constitutional & Administrative Law (12th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-45836-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-45836-6"><bdi>978-1-315-45836-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutional+%26+Administrative+Law.&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-315-45836-6&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=Hilaire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce2008" class="citation book cs1">Boyce, Peter John (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kY-Tk0-quyoC">The Queen's Other Realms: The Crown and Its Legacy in Australia, Canada and New Zealand</a>. Sydney: Federation Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-862-87700-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-862-87700-9"><bdi>978-1-862-87700-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queen%27s+Other+Realms%3A+The+Crown+and+Its+Legacy+in+Australia%2C+Canada+and+New+Zealand&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Federation+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-862-87700-9&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=Peter+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkY-Tk0-quyoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabinet_Office2017" class="citation web cs1">Cabinet Office (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dpmc.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2017-06/cabinet-manual-2017.pdf">"Cabinet Manual"</a> (PDF). Wellington: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cabinet+Manual&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Prime+Minister+and+Cabinet&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Cabinet+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdpmc.govt.nz%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2017-06%2Fcabinet-manual-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2008" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Noel (2008). A Constitutional History of the New Zealand Monarchy: The Evolution of the New Zealand Monarchy and the Recognition of an Autochthonous Polity. Saarbrücken, Germany: <a href="/wiki/VDM_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="VDM Publishing">V.D.M. Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. K.G.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-639-00877-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-639-00877-7"><bdi>978-3-639-00877-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Constitutional+History+of+the+New+Zealand+Monarchy%3A+The+Evolution+of+the+New+Zealand+Monarchy+and+the+Recognition+of+an+Autochthonous+Polity&rft.place=Saarbr%C3%BCcken%2C+Germany&rft.pub=V.D.M.+Verlag+Dr.+M%C3%BCller+Aktiengesellschaft+%26+Co.+K.G.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-639-00877-7&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Noel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoreKawharu2014" class="citation journal cs1">Shore, Cris; Kawharu, Margaret (17 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.otago.ac.nz/Sites/article/view/267">"The Crown in Right of New Zealand: Anthropological Perspectives on an Imagined Sovereign"</a>. Sites: A Journal of Social Anthropology and Cultural Studies. 11 (1): 17–37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11157%2Fsites-vol11iss1id267">10.11157/sites-vol11iss1id267</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1179-0237">1179-0237</a>. Retrieved 28 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sites%3A+A+Journal+of+Social+Anthropology+and+Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Crown+in+Right+of+New+Zealand%3A+Anthropological+Perspectives+on+an+Imagined+Sovereign&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17-37&rft.date=2014-06-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11157%2Fsites-vol11iss1id267&rft.issn=1179-0237&rft.aulast=Shore&rft.aufirst=Cris&rft.au=Kawharu%2C+Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.otago.ac.nz%2FSites%2Farticle%2Fview%2F267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_II1983" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> (28 October 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/1983/0225/latest/whole.html">"Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor-General of New Zealand"</a>. Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 11 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letters+Patent+Constituting+the+Office+of+Governor-General+of+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Parliamentary+Counsel+Office&rft.date=1983-10-28&rft.au=Elizabeth+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.govt.nz%2Fregulation%2Fpublic%2F1983%2F0225%2Flatest%2Fwhole.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshley1999" class="citation book cs1">Ashley, Mike (1999). The mammoth book of British kings and queens. London: Robinson Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84119-096-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84119-096-9"><bdi>978-1-84119-096-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+mammoth+book+of+British+kings+and+queens&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Robinson+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-84119-096-9&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGimpel2011" class="citation book cs1">Gimpel, Diane Marczely (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/monarchies0000gimp_v0v5">Monarchies</a>. Edina, Minn.: ABDO Pub. Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-617-58950-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-617-58950-8"><bdi>978-1-617-58950-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monarchies&rft.place=Edina%2C+Minn.&rft.pub=ABDO+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-617-58950-8&rft.aulast=Gimpel&rft.aufirst=Diane+Marczely&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmonarchies0000gimp_v0v5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulgan2004" class="citation book cs1">Mulgan, Richard (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsinnewzea0000mulg">Politics in New Zealand</a> (3rd ed.). Auckland: Auckland University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-869-40318-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-869-40318-8"><bdi>978-1-869-40318-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+in+New+Zealand.&rft.place=Auckland&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-869-40318-8&rft.aulast=Mulgan&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticsinnewzea0000mulg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuentin-BaxterMcLean2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alison_Quentin-Baxter" title="Alison Quentin-Baxter">Quentin-Baxter, Alison</a>; McLean, Janet (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.press.auckland.ac.nz/en/browse-books/all-books/books-2017/this-realm-of-new-zealand--the-sovereign--the-governor-general--.html">This Realm of New Zealand: The Sovereign, the Governor-General, the Crown</a>. Auckland University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-869-40875-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-869-40875-6"><bdi>978-1-869-40875-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Realm+of+New+Zealand%3A+The+Sovereign%2C+the+Governor-General%2C+the+Crown&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-869-40875-6&rft.aulast=Quentin-Baxter&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.au=McLean%2C+Janet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.auckland.ac.nz%2Fen%2Fbrowse-books%2Fall-books%2Fbooks-2017%2Fthis-realm-of-new-zealand--the-sovereign--the-governor-general--.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+New+Zealand" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/">The Royal Household website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gg.govt.nz/image-galleries/official-portraits">Official portraits of the King and Queen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monarchy.org.nz/">Monarchy New Zealand</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/node/893">Royal visit to NZ in 1953–54</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Physical_geography_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical geography of New Zealand">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_New_Zealand" title="Biodiversity of New Zealand">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_New_Zealand" title="List of caves in New Zealand">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_Zealand" title="Climate of New Zealand">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Zealand" title="Climate change in New Zealand">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_New_Zealand" title="List of earthquakes in New Zealand">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_Zealand" title="Environment of New Zealand">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_Zealand" title="Geology of New Zealand">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_of_New_Zealand" title="Lakes of New Zealand">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of New Zealand">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_New_Zealand" title="Protected areas of New Zealand">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_reserves_of_New_Zealand" title="Marine reserves of New Zealand">Marine reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_New_Zealand" title="National parks of New Zealand">National parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of rivers of New Zealand">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_New_Zealand" title="Volcanism of New Zealand">Volcanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_New_Zealand" title="Water in New Zealand">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Zealand" title="List of cities in New Zealand">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings,_New_Zealand" title="Hastings, New Zealand">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth" title="New Plymouth">New Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North" title="Palmerston North">Palmerston North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotorua" title="Rotorua">Rotorua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauranga" title="Tauranga">Tauranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_of_New_Zealand" title="Capital of New Zealand">capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whang%C4%81rei" title="Whangārei">Whangārei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Zealand" title="Local government in New Zealand">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand" title="Electoral system of New Zealand">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_New_Zealand" title="List of political parties in New Zealand">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting in New Zealand">Voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_New_Zealand" title="Foreign relations of New Zealand">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_New_Zealand" title="Gun law in New Zealand">Gun law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Human rights in New Zealand">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Disability rights in New Zealand">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Intersex rights in New Zealand">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New Zealand">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_Zealand" title="Judiciary of New Zealand">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_Zealand" title="Supreme Court of New Zealand">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_Zealand" title="Chief Justice of New Zealand">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_Zealand" title="Law of New Zealand">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in New Zealand">enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_politics" title="Māori politics">Māori politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">Official Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_New_Zealand" title="Political funding in New Zealand">Political funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_sector_organisations_in_New_Zealand" title="List of public sector organisations in New Zealand">Public sector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_New_Zealand" title="Cabinet of New Zealand">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_governments" title="List of New Zealand governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_New_Zealand" title="List of governors-general of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers_in_the_New_Zealand_Government" title="Ministers in the New Zealand Government">Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_New_Zealand" title="List of prime ministers of New Zealand">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Zealand" title="Economy of New Zealand">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_New_Zealand" title="Agriculture in New Zealand">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming_in_New_Zealand" title="Dairy farming in New Zealand">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_wine" title="New Zealand wine">Wine industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_New_Zealand" title="List of companies of New Zealand">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_New_Zealand" title="Energy in New Zealand">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Information technology industry in New Zealand">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_New_Zealand" title="Manufacturing in New Zealand">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_New_Zealand" title="Mining in New Zealand">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Poverty in New Zealand">Poverty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Child poverty in New Zealand">Child poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_New_Zealand" title="Reserve Bank of New Zealand">Reserve Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogernomics" title="Rogernomics">Rogernomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_New_Zealand" title="Welfare in New Zealand">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_New_Zealand" title="Taxation in New Zealand">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_New_Zealand" title="Telecommunications in New Zealand">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Zealand" title="Tourism in New Zealand">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Transport in New Zealand">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_New_Zealand" title="Rail transport in New Zealand">Rail transport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Society of New Zealand">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Zealand" title="Abortion in New Zealand">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_Zealand" title="Crime in New Zealand">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_Zealand" title="Demographics of New Zealand">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_origins_of_New_Zealanders" title="List of ethnic origins of New Zealanders">Ethnic origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_New_Zealand" title="Gender inequality in New Zealand">Gender inequality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_Zealand" title="Education in New Zealand">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_New_Zealand" title="Euthanasia in New Zealand">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender equality in New Zealand">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_New_Zealand" title="Health in New Zealand">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_Zealand" title="Healthcare in New Zealand">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Zealand" title="Homelessness in New Zealand">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_New_Zealand" title="Housing in New Zealand">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand" title="Immigration to New Zealand">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in New Zealand">LGBT issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturism_in_New_Zealand" title="Naturism in New Zealand">Naturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealanders" title="New Zealanders">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(nickname)" title="Kiwi (nickname)">"Kiwi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_New_Zealand" title="Women in New Zealand">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_New_Zealand" title="Prostitution in New Zealand">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination_in_New_Zealand" title="Structural discrimination in New Zealand">Structural discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_New_Zealand" title="Waste in New Zealand">Waste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_Zealand" title="Architecture of New Zealand">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art" title="New Zealand art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_literature" title="New Zealand literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_New_Zealand" title="Mass media in New Zealand">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Performing arts of New Zealand">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_New_Zealand" title="Public holidays in New Zealand">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_New_Zealand" title="Radio in New Zealand">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_New_Zealand" title="Sport in New Zealand">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_New_Zealand" title="National symbols of New Zealand">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_New_Zealand" title="Television in New Zealand">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_Zealand" title="Outline of New Zealand">Outline</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Zealand" title="Category:New Zealand">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_realms_and_dominions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_realms" title="Template:Commonwealth realms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_realms" title="Template talk:Commonwealth realms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_realms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth realms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_realms_and_dominions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">monarchy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Fiji" title="Dominion of Fiji">Fiji</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia_(1965%E2%80%931970)" title="The Gambia (1965–1970)">The Gambia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ghana" title="Dominion of Ghana">Ghana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana_(1966%E2%80%931970)" title="Guyana (1966–1970)">Guyana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_head_of_state_from_1922_to_1949" title="Irish head of state from 1922 to 1949">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_(1963%E2%80%931964)" title="Kenya (1963–1964)">Kenya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malawi#Independence" title="History of Malawi">Malawi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Malta" title="State of Malta">Malta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_(1968%E2%80%931992)" title="Mauritius (1968–1992)">Mauritius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Nigeria" title="Federation of Nigeria">Nigeria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Nigeria_(1960%E2%80%931963)" title="Monarchy of Nigeria (1960–1963)">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>2 (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_(1961%E2%80%931971)" title="Sierra Leone (1961–1971)">Sierra Leone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="Tanganyika (1961–1964)">Tanganyika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_(1962%E2%80%931963)" title="Uganda (1962–1963)">Uganda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">monarchy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow plainlist" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dd>1 Annexed by Canada in 1949</dd> <dd>2 <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence</a> in 1965, but this was not recognised internationally. Declared itself a republic in 1970.</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchies" title="Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchies" title="Template talk:Monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states" title="List of current monarchs of sovereign states">List of current sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign monarchs">List of current non-sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchy_referendums" title="List of monarchy referendums">List of monarchy referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarchy" title="Diarchy">Diarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">Abdication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Abolition of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">Criticism of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy (political)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati" title="Chhatrapati">Chhatrapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen regnant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince regnant">Prince regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Africa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Africa" title="Monarchies in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_African_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent African monarchs">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Asia" title="Monarchies in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_Asian_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">Vatican City (Holy See)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Oceania" title="Monarchies in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankole" title="Ankole">Ankole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Aussa" title="Sultanate of Aussa">Aussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bagirmi" title="Sultanate of Bagirmi">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi" title="Kingdom of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gomma" title="Kingdom of Gomma">Gomma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gumma" title="Kingdom of Gumma">Gumma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Luba">Luba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merina_Kingdom" title="Merina Kingdom">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte#History" title="Mayotte">Maore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maravi" title="Maravi">Maravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li#History" title="Mohéli">Mwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjouan#Early_and_colonial_history" title="Anjouan">Ndzuwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore#History" title="Grande Comore">Ngazidja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rwanda" title="Kingdom of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilluk_Kingdom" title="Shilluk Kingdom">Shilluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Refreshment" title="Islands of Refreshment">Islands of Refreshment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia" title="Kingdom of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_Empire" title="Wassoulou Empire">Wassoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeke_Kingdom" title="Yeke Kingdom">Yeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe" title="Kingdom of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">and other</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Araucanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Talamanca" title="Kingdom of Talamanca">Talamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Trinidad" title="Principality of Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir" title="Idrisid Emirate of Asir">Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_(historical_polity)" title="Cebu (historical polity)">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty">Chehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_China" title="Monarchy of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapitan_Kingdom" title="Dapitan Kingdom">Dapitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Jabal_Shammar" title="Emirate of Jabal Shammar">Jabal Shammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kurdistan" title="Kingdom of Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahra_Sultanate" title="Mahra Sultanate">Mahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldivian_monarchs" title="List of Maldivian monarchs">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Najran" title="Principality of Najran">Najran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_States" title="Shan States">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_monarchy" title="Sinhalese monarchy">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sip_Song_Chau_Tai" title="Sip Song Chau Tai">Sip Song Chau Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria" title="Arab Kingdom of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikdom_of_Upper_Asir" title="Sheikdom of Upper Asir">Upper Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_South_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirates of South Arabia">Emirates of South Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Corsica_(1736)" title="Kingdom of Corsica (1736)">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Finland_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Finland (1918)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Imereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland" title="Monarchy of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kartli-Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel#History" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Piedmont-Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Samos" title="Principality of Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tavolara" title="Kingdom of Tavolara">Tavolara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Baltic_Duchy" title="United Baltic Duchy">United Baltic Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abemama" title="Abemama">Abemama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bora_Bora" title="Kingdom of Bora Bora">Bora Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Easter_Island" title="King of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Fiji" title="Kingdom of Fiji">Kingdom of Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huahine" title="Huahine">Huahine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva" title="Mangareva">Mangareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niuē-Fekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva" title="Nuku Hiva">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Raiatea" title="List of monarchs of Raiatea">Raiatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Iti" title="Rapa Iti">Rapa Iti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimatara" title="Rimatara">Rimatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rurutu" title="Rurutu">Rurutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahuata" title="Tahuata">Tahuata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti" title="Kingdom of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commonwealth realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">princely states</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> / <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Charles_III" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Charles_III" title="Template:Charles III"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Charles_III" title="Template talk:Charles III"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Charles_III" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Charles III"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Charles_III" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the United Kingdom">King of the United Kingdom</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> (2022–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm#Current_realms" title="Commonwealth realm">Realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_Charles_III" title="List of titles and honours of Charles III">Titles and honours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Faith" title="Defender of the Faith">Defender of the Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Governor_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Governor of the Church of England">Supreme Governor of the Church of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="Head of the Armed Forces">Head of the Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces">Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Armed_Forces_(New_Zealand)" title="Head of the Armed Forces (New Zealand)">Head of the Armed Forces (New Zealand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Mann" title="Lord of Mann">Lord of Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy" title="Duke of Normandy">Duke of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Official_Birthday" title="King's Official Birthday">King's Official Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Charles_III" title="Flags of Charles III">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Family_Order_of_Charles_III" title="Royal Family Order of Charles III">Royal Family Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Camilla Shand</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana Spencer</a> (former wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a> (elder son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex">Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex</a> (younger son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Prince Andrew, Duke of York</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten-Windsor" title="Mountbatten-Windsor">Mountbatten-Windsor</a> (family)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life as Prince of Wales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Investiture of Charles, Prince of Wales">Investiture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales">Coronet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Charles_and_Lady_Diana_Spencer" title="Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer">First wedding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wedding_guests_of_Prince_Charles_and_Lady_Diana_Spencer" title="List of wedding guests of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer">guest list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Charles_and_Camilla_Parker_Bowles" title="Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles">Second wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_v_Associated_Newspapers_Ltd" title="Prince of Wales v Associated Newspapers Ltd">Prince of Wales v Associated Newspapers Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_spider_memos" title="Black spider memos">black spider memos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="2022 State Opening of Parliament">2022 State Opening of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_royal_tour_of_Canada" title="2022 royal tour of Canada">2022 royal tour of Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accession and coronation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_accession_of_Charles_III" title="Proclamation of accession of Charles III">Proclamation of accession</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_people_present_at_the_Accession_Council_of_Charles_III" title="List of people present at the Accession Council of Charles III">attendees</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="Coronation of Charles III and Camilla">Coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III_Coronation_Medal" title="King Charles III Coronation Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Concert" title="Coronation Concert">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_guests_at_the_coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="List of guests at the coronation of Charles III and Camilla">guest list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_quiche" title="Coronation quiche">Coronation quiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_the_Honours_of_Scotland_to_Charles_III" title="Presentation of the Honours of Scotland to Charles III">Scottish service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Household_of_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Household of Charles III">Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Charles_III" title="List of prime ministers of Charles III">Prime ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Menai_Bridge" title="Operation Menai Bridge">Operation Menai Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_official_overseas_trips_made_by_Charles_III" title="List of official overseas trips made by Charles III">State and official visits made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Charles_III_to_France" title="State visit by Charles III to France">2023 visits to France</a>; <a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Charles_III_to_Kenya" title="State visit by Charles III to Kenya">Kenya</a>; <a href="/wiki/2024_royal_tour_of_Australia" title="2024 royal tour of Australia">2024 tour of Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_visits_received_by_Charles_III" title="List of state visits received by Charles III">State visits received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trooping_the_Colour" title="Trooping the Colour">Trooping the Colour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Trooping_the_Colour" title="2023 Trooping the Colour">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Trooping_the_Colour" title="2024 Trooping the Colour">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="State Opening of Parliament">State Opening of Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="2023 State Opening of Parliament">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="2024 State Opening of Parliament">2024</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charities and campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutton_Renaissance_Campaign" title="Mutton Renaissance Campaign">Mutton Renaissance Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince%27s_Charities" title="The Prince's Charities">The Prince's Charities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Asian_Trust" title="British Asian Trust">British Asian Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_in_the_Community" title="Business in the Community">Business in the Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_%26_the_Arts" title="Children & the Arts">Children & the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Kind_Direct" title="In Kind Direct">In Kind Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwill_Campaign" title="Iwill Campaign">iwill Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Countryside_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Countryside Fund">The Royal Countryside Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Foundation" title="The King's Foundation">The King's Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince%27s_Foundation_for_Integrated_Health" title="The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health">The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince%27s_School_of_Traditional_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prince's School of Traditional Arts">The Prince's School of Traditional Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III_Charitable_Fund" title="King Charles III Charitable Fund">King Charles III Charitable Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Drawing_School" title="Royal Drawing School">Royal Drawing School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquoise_Mountain_Foundation" title="Turquoise Mountain Foundation">Turquoise Mountain Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Business_Scotland" title="Youth Business Scotland">Youth Business Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince%27s_May_Day_Network" title="The Prince's May Day Network">The Prince's May Day Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Trust" title="King's Trust">King's Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">As Prince of Wales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_House" title="Clarence House">Clarence House</a> (official)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highgrove_House" title="Highgrove House">Highgrove House</a> (private)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkhall" title="Birkhall">Birkhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llwynywermod" title="Llwynywermod">Llwynywermod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">As King</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> (official)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a> (official)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Palace" title="Holyrood Palace">Holyrood Palace</a> (official, Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_Castle" title="Hillsborough Castle">Hillsborough Castle</a> (official, Northern Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandringham_House" title="Sandringham House">Sandringham House</a> (private)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Castle" title="Balmoral Castle">Balmoral Castle</a> (private)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craigowan_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Craigowan Lodge">Craigowan Lodge</a> (private)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards given and created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_received_by_Charles_III" title="List of awards received by Charles III">List of awards received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%27s_Intelligence_Community_Awards" title="Prince of Wales's Intelligence Community Awards">Prince of Wales's Intelligence Community Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Prize_for_Municipal_Heritage_Leadership" title="Prince of Wales Prize for Municipal Heritage Leadership">Prince of Wales Prize for Municipal Heritage Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Military_Awards" title="The Sun Military Awards">The Sun Military Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_Home_Farm" title="Duchy Home Farm">Duchy Home Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumfries_House" title="Dumfries House">Dumfries House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highgrove_House#Highgrove_House_shops" title="Highgrove House">Highgrove House Shops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knockroon" title="Knockroon">Knockroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansledan" title="Nansledan">Nansledan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poundbury" title="Poundbury">Poundbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitrose_Duchy_Organic" title="Waitrose Duchy Organic">Waitrose Duchy Organic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Charles_III" title="Cultural depictions of Charles III">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Televised addresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_address_by_the_British_monarch#Charles_III" title="Special address by the British monarch">Royal address to the nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Christmas_Message#Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Christmas Message">Royal Christmas Message</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Family_(film)" title="Royal Family (film)">Royal Family (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles:_The_Private_Man,_the_Public_Role" title="Charles: The Private Man, the Public Role">Charles: The Private Man, the Public Role (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy:_The_Royal_Family_at_Work" title="Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work">Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_at_90:_A_Family_Tribute" title="Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute">Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R:_The_Making_of_a_Monarch" title="Charles R: The Making of a Monarch">Charles R: The Making of a Monarch (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III:_The_Coronation_Year" title="Charles III: The Coronation Year">Charles III: The Coronation Year (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film and television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chorus_Girls_(musical)" title="Chorus Girls (musical)">Chorus Girls</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_%26_Diana:_A_Royal_Love_Story" title="Charles & Diana: A Royal Love Story">Charles & Diana: A Royal Love Story</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Romance_of_Charles_and_Diana" title="The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana">The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana</a> (1982)</li> <li>Spitting Image (<a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image" title="Spitting Image">1984–1996</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)" title="Spitting Image (2020 TV series)">2020–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_and_Diana:_Unhappily_Ever_After" title="Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After">Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_und_die_Windzors" title="Willi und die Windzors">Willi und die Windzors</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whatever_Love_Means" title="Whatever Love Means">Whatever Love Means</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(2006_film)" title="The Queen (2006 film)">The Queen</a> (2006 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(British_TV_serial)" title="The Queen (British TV serial)">The Queen</a> (2009 TV serial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III_(film)" title="King Charles III (film)">King Charles III</a> (2017 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Windsors" title="The Windsors">The Windsors</a> (2016–2020 TV series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Crown (TV series)">The Crown</a> (2016–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince_(TV_series)" title="The Prince (TV series)">The Prince</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_(film)" title="Spencer (film)">Spencer</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Her_Royal_Highness..%3F" title="Her Royal Highness..?">Her Royal Highness..?</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III_(play)" title="King Charles III (play)">King Charles III</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_(musical)" title="Diana (musical)">Diana</a> (2019/2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Windsors:_Endgame" title="The Windsors: Endgame">The Windsors: Endgame</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portraits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty_King_Charles_III_(portrait)" title="His Majesty King Charles III (portrait)">Jonathan Yeo (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Charles_III" title="Bibliography of Charles III">Bibliography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_of_Lochnagar" title="The Old Man of Lochnagar">The Old Man of Lochnagar</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Vision_of_Britain:_A_Personal_View_of_Architecture" title="A Vision of Britain: A Personal View of Architecture">A Vision of Britain: A Personal View of Architecture</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmony:_A_New_Way_of_Looking_at_Our_World" title="Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World">Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_(children%27s_book)" title="Climate Change (children's book)">Climate Change</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eponyms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_Island" title="Prince Charles Island">Prince Charles Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_Mountains" title="Prince Charles Mountains">Prince Charles Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_stream_tree_frog" title="Prince Charles stream tree frog">Prince Charles stream tree frog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">← Elizabeth II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parliament_of_New_Zealand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parliament_of_NZ" title="Template:Parliament of NZ"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parliament_of_NZ" title="Template talk:Parliament of NZ"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parliament_of_NZ" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parliament of NZ"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parliament_of_New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Parliament of New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monarch</a> (represented by the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legislative_Council_(1841%E2%80%931853)" title="New Zealand Legislative Council (1841–1853)">Legislative Council</a> (1841–1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legislative_Council" title="New Zealand Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a> (1853–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="699" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Representatives_crest.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/House_of_Representatives_crest.png/100px-House_of_Representatives_crest.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/House_of_Representatives_crest.png/150px-House_of_Representatives_crest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/House_of_Representatives_crest.png/200px-House_of_Representatives_crest.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative Council</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_New_Zealand_Legislative_Council" title="List of speakers of the New Zealand Legislative Council">Speaker of the Legislative Council</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_Committees_(New_Zealand_Legislative_Council)" title="Chairman of Committees (New Zealand Legislative Council)">Chairman of Committees</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Legislative_Council" title="Leader of the Legislative Council">Leader of the Legislative Council</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of Representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_Committees_(New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives)" title="Chairman of Committees (New Zealand House of Representatives)">Chairman of Committees</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Clerk_of_the_House_of_Representatives" title="Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives">Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(New_Zealand)" title="Leader of the House (New Zealand)">Leader of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers_in_the_New_Zealand_Government" title="Ministers in the New Zealand Government">Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(New_Zealand)" title="Official Opposition (New Zealand)">Shadow Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Leader_of_the_House_(New_Zealand)" title="Shadow Leader of the House (New Zealand)">Shadow Leader of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_whip_(New_Zealand)" title="Party whip (New Zealand)">Whips</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative Council</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_squad_(New_Zealand)" title="Suicide squad (New Zealand)">Abolition of the Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_New_Zealand_Legislative_Council" title="List of members of the New Zealand Legislative Council">Members of the Legislative Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of Representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/54th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="54th New Zealand Parliament">Current</a> (<a href="/wiki/53rd_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="53rd New Zealand Parliament">previous</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-serving_members_of_the_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="List of longest-serving members of the New Zealand Parliament">30+ years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_House_(New_Zealand)" title="Father of the House (New Zealand)">Father or Mother of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_of_the_House#New_Zealand" title="Baby of the House">Baby of the House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Procedure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_throne" title="Speech from the throne">Speech from the throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_time#New_Zealand" title="Question time">Question Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_(legislature)" title="Reading (legislature)">Readings of bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_member%27s_bill#New_Zealand" title="Private member's bill">Members' bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives_committees" title="New Zealand House of Representatives committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Consent" title="King's Consent">King's Consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2023 New Zealand general election">Previous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_New_Zealand_general_election" title="Next New Zealand general election">Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliaments_of_New_Zealand" title="List of parliaments of New Zealand">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand" title="Electoral system of New Zealand">Electoral system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">Mixed-member proportional</a> (current)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First-past-the-post</a> (previously)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_electorates" title="New Zealand electorates">Electorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_by-elections" title="List of New Zealand by-elections">By-elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_appointments_to_the_New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="List of appointments to the New Zealand House of Representatives">Appointments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_supplementary_elections" title="New Zealand supplementary elections">Supplementary elections</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government" title="Caretaker government">Caretaker government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_House" title="General Assembly House">General Assembly House</a>, Auckland (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Wellington" title="Parliament House, Wellington">Parliament House, Wellington</a> (current)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beehive_(New_Zealand)" title="Beehive (New Zealand)">Beehive</a> (current executive wing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliamentary_Library" title="New Zealand Parliamentary Library">Parliamentary Library</a> (current)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_House" title="Bowen House">Bowen House</a> (current)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Parliamentary_Association" title="Commonwealth Parliamentary Association">Commonwealth Parliamentary Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislature_broadcasters_in_New_Zealand" title="Legislature broadcasters in New Zealand">Legislature broadcasters in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Debates_(Hansard)" title="Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka-jumping" title="Waka-jumping">Waka-jumping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&oldid=1258731173">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_New_Zealand&oldid=1258731173</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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