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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-印度的法難" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#印度的法難"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 印度的法難 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-印度的法難-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-南亚、东南亚地区的法难" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#南亚、东南亚地区的法难"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 南亚、东南亚地区的法难 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-南亚、东南亚地区的法难-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中國歷史上的法難" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國歷史上的法難"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 中國歷史上的法難 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國歷史上的法難-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-藏区的法难" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#藏区的法难"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 藏区的法难 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-藏区的法难-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西域的法难" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西域的法难"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 西域的法难 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西域的法难-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本的法難" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本的法難"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 日本的法難 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本的法難-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-朝鮮半島的法難" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#朝鮮半島的法難"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 朝鮮半島的法難 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-朝鮮半島的法難-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-蒙古的法难" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#蒙古的法难"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 蒙古的法难 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-蒙古的法难-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 參見 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 參考資料 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 延伸閱讀 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">法難</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。10种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" > 10种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="اضطهاد البوذيين – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اضطهاد البوذيين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhistenverfolgung" title="Buddhistenverfolgung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buddhistenverfolgung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Persecution of Buddhists" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B0%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آزار و اذیت بوداییان – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آزار و اذیت بوداییان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhista%C3%BCld%C3%B6z%C3%A9s" title="Buddhistaüldözés – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Buddhistaüldözés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penindasan_terhadap_Buddhis" title="Penindasan terhadap Buddhis – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penindasan terhadap Buddhis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecuzione_dei_buddisti" title="Persecuzione dei buddisti – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Persecuzione dei buddisti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3" title="法難 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="法難" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EB%82%9C" title="법난 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="법난" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Переслідування буддистів – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Переслідування буддистів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1000923#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Persecution_of_Buddhists" hreflang="en">维基共享资源</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1000923" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g">维基数据项目</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div 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a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist nounderlines skin-invert" style="float: right; clear: both; border: 2px solid #af4630; background: #ffffe8; text-align:center;width:200px;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/120px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/180px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/240px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;">基本教義</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B0%9B" title="四谛">四圣谛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%81%96%E9%81%93%E5%88%86" title="八聖道分">八正道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%A0%E7%BC%98" title="十二因缘">十二因缘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8A" title="蘊">五蘊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A3%E8%B5%B7" title="緣起">緣起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="空 (佛教)">空性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="因果论 (佛教)">因果</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%AD_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="業 (佛教)">業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B" title="佛教戒律">戒律</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E5%A5%88%E8%80%B6" title="毗奈耶">毗奈耶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E7%BE%85" title="尸羅">尸羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%88%92" title="五戒">五戒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E9%82%A3" title="禪那">禪那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%84" title="业处">业处</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E5%9B%9E" title="轮回">轮回</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%86" title="波羅密">波羅密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="涅槃">涅槃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%A6%82_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="真如 (佛教)">真如</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%80%A7" title="佛性">佛性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%88%E4%BE%9D" title="皈依">皈依</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="三宝 (佛教)">三寶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%B0" title="三法印">三法印</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86" title="上座部佛教与大乘佛教的基本共识">佛教共識宣言</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E4%BD%8D" title="果位">修行成就/果位</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B" title="佛">佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8" title="菩萨">菩萨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E6%94%AF%E4%BD%9B" title="辟支佛">辟支佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%90%91%E5%9B%9B%E6%9E%9C" title="四向四果">四向四果</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E6%B1%89" title="阿罗汉">阿罗汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%82%A3%E5%90%AB" title="阿那含">阿那含</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E5%90%AB" title="斯陀含">斯陀含</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%88%E9%99%80%E6%B4%B9" title="須陀洹">須陀洹</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教人物列表（页面不存在）">人物</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" class="extiw" title="en:List of Buddhists">List_of_Buddhists</a>）</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" title="释迦牟尼">释迦牟尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%BC%9F%E5%AD%90" title="十大弟子">十大弟子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%9A%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%BC%E5%AD%90" title="迦多衍尼子">迦多衍尼子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%B3%B4" title="馬鳴">馬鳴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%A8%B9" title="龍樹">龍樹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E5%A9%86_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="提婆 (人名)">提婆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E8%91%97" title="无著">无著</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BA%B2" title="世亲">世亲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%BA%E9%9F%B3" title="覺音">覺音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%A0%E6%91%A9%E7%BD%97%E4%BB%80" title="鸠摩罗什">鸠摩罗什</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A7%E9%81%A0" title="慧遠">慧遠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E8%BE%BE%E6%91%A9" title="菩提达摩">菩提达摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E9%A1%97" title="智顗">智顗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%98" title="玄奘">玄奘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E8%83%BD" title="惠能">惠能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F" title="蓮花生">蓮花生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E5%B7%B4" title="宗喀巴">宗喀巴</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%AB" title="佛教派别">宗派</a>、國家和地區</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="部派佛教">部派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">金剛乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B9%98" title="三乘">三乘</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E6%94%AF%E4%BD%9B" title="辟支佛">中乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="小乘佛教">小乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%9B%E4%B9%98" title="一佛乘">一佛乘</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="汉传佛教">漢傳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="藏傳佛教">藏傳</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏傳佛教史（页面不存在）">藏傳佛教史</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tibetan_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:History of Tibetan Buddhism">History of Tibetan Buddhism</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="印度佛教">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="斯里兰卡佛教">斯里蘭卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="緬甸佛教">緬甸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="泰國佛教">泰國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="中国佛教">中國大陸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="台灣佛教">台灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="日本佛教">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="新加坡佛教">新加坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="马来西亚佛教">马来西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="蒙古國佛教">蒙古國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">歐美</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="佛教历史">歷史</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="佛教历史">佛教历史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="佛教時間線">佛教時間線</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E9%9B%86" title="结集">结集</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="原始佛教研究">原始佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%9C%9F%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="初期佛教">初期佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="根本分裂">根本分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="部派佛教">部派佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E9%83%A8" title="大眾部">大眾部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8" title="上座部">上座部</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%82%B2%E7%8E%8B" title="阿育王">阿育王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">南傳佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="北傳佛教">北傳佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%B0%E8%90%BD" title="佛教在印度的衰落">於印度衰落</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">法難</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="佛教现代主义">佛教现代主义</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%96%93%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="人間佛教">人間佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%B8%96%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="入世佛教">左翼佛教</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BB%8F" title="佛经">經籍</a>舉要</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="大藏经">大藏经</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F" title="巴利三藏">巴利大藏經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="大藏经">漢文大藏經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="藏文大藏经">藏文大藏经</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%90%AB%E7%B6%93" title="阿含經">阿含經</a> <ul><li>南传<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%9F%AF%E8%80%B6" title="尼柯耶">尼柯耶</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%A5%E7%B6%93" title="法句經">法句經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5%E7%BB%8F" title="大般若经">大般若经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E8%9C%9C%E5%A4%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%B6%93" title="般若波羅蜜多心經">心經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E7%B6%93" title="金剛經">金剛經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%99%E6%B3%95%E8%8E%B2%E5%8D%8E%E7%BB%8F" title="妙法莲华经">法華經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%B7%B1%E5%AF%86%E7%B6%93" title="解深密經">解深密經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%9A%B4%E7%B6%93" title="華嚴經">華嚴經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%91%A9%E8%A9%B0%E6%89%80%E8%AA%AA%E7%B6%93" title="維摩詰所說經">維摩經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83%E7%B6%93" class="mw-disambig" title="涅槃經">涅槃經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E4%BC%BD%E7%B6%93" title="楞伽經">楞伽經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%82%B2%E5%92%92" title="大悲咒">大悲咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E5%9A%B4%E7%B6%93" title="楞嚴經">楞嚴經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E8%A7%89%E7%BB%8F" title="圆觉经">圆觉经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E5%B8%AB%E7%90%89%E7%92%83%E5%85%89%E5%A6%82%E4%BE%86%E6%9C%AC%E9%A1%98%E5%8A%9F%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%93" title="藥師琉璃光如來本願功德經">藥師經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%97%8F%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8%E6%9C%AC%E6%84%BF%E7%BB%8F" title="地藏菩萨本愿经">地藏經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BD%8C%E9%99%80%E7%B6%93" title="阿彌陀經">阿彌陀經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%A5%96%E5%9D%9B%E7%BB%8F" title="六祖坛经">坛经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD%E5%B8%AB%E5%9C%B0%E8%AB%96" title="瑜伽師地論">瑜伽論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%99%BA%E5%BA%A6%E8%AB%96" title="大智度論">大智度論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%A3%A8%E4%BF%B1%E8%88%8D%E8%AE%BA" title="阿毗达磨俱舍论">俱舍論</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0" title="佛教聖地">聖地</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%AF%BA" title="佛寺">佛寺</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E8%88%8D" title="精舍">精舍</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0" title="八大圣地">八圣地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%90%8D%E5%B1%B1" title="四大佛教名山">四道場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%BA%E9%99%A2" title="汉族地区佛教全国重点寺院">汉地寺院</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%A1%94%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古塔列表（页面不存在）">佛塔列表</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;">相關主題</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="佛教藝術">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="佛教修行制度">修学制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Category:佛教組織">組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="Category:佛教人物">人物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Category:佛教模板">佛教模板</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template:佛教主题">佛教主題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:TheravadaBuddhism" title="Template:TheravadaBuddhism">上座部佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:PaliCanon" title="Template:PaliCanon">巴利聖典</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4" title="对佛教的批判">批評</a></li> <li>論諍 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E9%9D%9E%E4%BD%9B%E8%AA%AA%E8%AB%96%E8%AB%8D" title="大乘非佛說論諍">大乘非佛說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%96%B9%E8%AB%B8%E4%BD%9B%E8%AB%8D%E8%AB%96" title="十方諸佛諍論">十方諸佛</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教大綱（页面不存在）">佛教大綱</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of Buddhism">Outline of Buddhism</a>） <a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/18px-Dharma_Wheel.gif" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/27px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/36px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Portal:佛教">佛教主題</a> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="WikiProject:佛教">佛教专题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Template:佛教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:佛教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:佛教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:var(--background-color-content-removed,#ffdd99);color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="Category:歧視">系列</a>條目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; background:var(--background-color-content-removed,#ffdd99);color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="歧視">歧視</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0"><a href="/wiki/File:ProhibitionSign.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/ProhibitionSign.svg/70px-ProhibitionSign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/ProhibitionSign.svg/105px-ProhibitionSign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/ProhibitionSign.svg/140px-ProhibitionSign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;color:inherit;">一般性</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E9%BE%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86" title="年龄歧视">年齡</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能力歧視（页面不存在）">能力</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ableism" class="extiw" title="en:Ableism">Ableism</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86" title="精神障碍歧视">精神障礙</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基因歧視（页面不存在）">基因</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" class="extiw" title="en:Genetic discrimination">Genetic discrimination</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E7%B4%85%E9%AB%AE%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對紅髮者的歧視（页面不存在）">頭髮顏色</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_red_hair" class="extiw" title="en:Discrimination against people with red hair">Discrimination against people with red hair</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A0%AD%E9%AB%AE%E8%B3%AA%E5%9C%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%80%E5%88%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="頭髮質地的區分（页面不存在）">頭髮質地</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" class="extiw" title="en:Discrimination based on hair texture">Discrimination based on hair texture</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%98%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86" title="身高歧视">身高</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%B2%8C%E8%87%B3%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="外貌至上主義">外貌</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%94%E5%9E%8B%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="體型歧視（页面不存在）">體型</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sizeism" class="extiw" title="en:Sizeism">Sizeism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A4%E8%89%B2%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86" title="肤色歧视">膚色</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86" title="语言歧视">語言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="种族主义">種族／民族／國籍</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="身份主義（页面不存在）">身份</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankism" class="extiw" title="en:Rankism">Rankism</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="階級歧視">階級</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%A7%93%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="种姓制度">种姓制度</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B9%8B%E9%96%93%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教之間的歧視（页面不存在）">宗教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_discrimination" class="extiw" title="en:Religious discrimination">Religious discrimination</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="性別歧視">性別</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%96%E5%90%91%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="性取向歧視（页面不存在）">性取向</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" class="extiw" title="en:Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation discrimination</a>）</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;color:inherit;">社會性</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無性戀恐懼（页面不存在）">無性戀</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" class="extiw" title="en:Discrimination against asexual people">Discrimination against asexual people</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%90%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="成人主義（页面不存在）">成人主義</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adultism" class="extiw" title="en:Adultism">Adultism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E7%99%BD%E5%8C%96%E7%97%85%E6%82%A3%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對白化病患的迫害（页面不存在）">反白化症者</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of people with albinism">Persecution of people with albinism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E8%87%AA%E9%96%89%E7%97%87%E6%82%A3%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對自閉症患者的歧視（页面不存在）">反自閉症者</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" class="extiw" title="en:Discrimination against autistic people">Discrimination against autistic people</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E5%90%B8%E6%AF%92%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對吸毒者的歧視（页面不存在）">反吸毒者</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" class="extiw" title="en:Discrimination against drug addicts">Discrimination against drug addicts</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E7%84%A1%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%AF%E6%AD%B8%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對無家可歸者的歧視（页面不存在）">反乞丐</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" class="extiw" title="en:Discrimination against homeless people">Discrimination against homeless people</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%99%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="反智主义">反智者</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對陰陽人的歧視（页面不存在）">反陰陽人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" class="extiw" title="en:Discrimination against intersex people">Discrimination against intersex people</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E5%B7%A6%E6%92%87%E5%AD%90%E7%9A%84%E5%81%8F%E8%A6%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對左撇子的偏見（页面不存在）">反左撇子</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" class="extiw" title="en:Bias against left-handed people">Bias against left-handed people</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%B1%E6%BF%9F%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反共濟會（页面不存在）">反共濟會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Masonry" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%90%E8%B2%A7%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恐貧症（页面不存在）">恐貧症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aporophobia" class="extiw" title="en:Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%BE%E4%BA%BA%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聾人歧視（页面不存在）">聾人歧視</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audism" class="extiw" title="en:Audism">Audism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC" title="雙性戀恐懼">雙性戀恐懼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="取消文化">取消文化</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%8F%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氏族主義（页面不存在）">氏族主義</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clannism" class="extiw" title="en:Clannism">Clannism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%BB%E4%BA%BA%E5%94%AF%E8%A6%AA_(%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96%E8%AA%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="任人唯親 (歧視語)（页面不存在）">任人唯親</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronyism" class="extiw" title="en:Cronyism">Cronyism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E8%8B%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="精英主义">菁英主義</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%92%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="青少年恐懼（页面不存在）">青少年恐懼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephebiphobia" class="extiw" title="en:Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E8%83%96%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%B1%A1%E5%90%8D" title="肥胖的社會污名">肥胖恐懼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E7%94%B7%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對男同性戀的歧視（页面不存在）">男同性戀恐懼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" class="extiw" title="en:Discrimination against gay men">Discrimination against gay men</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="老年恐懼（页面不存在）">老年恐懼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontophobia" class="extiw" title="en:Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E6%80%A7%E6%81%8B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="异性恋主义">异性恋主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86" title="对艾滋病人的歧视">愛滋病恐懼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC" title="同性戀恐懼">同性戀恐懼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E9%A2%A8%E7%97%85%E6%82%A3%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E6%81%A5%E8%BE%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻風病患者的恥辱（页面不存在）">麻風病患者的恥辱</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" class="extiw" title="en:Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC" title="女同性戀恐懼">女同性戀恐懼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E8%B2%B6%E6%8A%91" title="男性貶抑">仇男</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%AC%E6%8A%91" title="女性贬抑">仇女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%99%E5%B8%B6%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="裙帶關係">裙帶關係</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="兒童恐懼（页面不存在）">兒童恐懼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_of_children" class="extiw" title="en:Fear of children">Fear of children</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%85%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="永久外國人">永遠都是外人</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%87%B7%E5%AD%95%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對懷孕的歧視（页面不存在）">孕婦歧視</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" class="extiw" title="en:Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy discrimination</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E5%90%91%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="逆向歧視">逆向</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%B4%BE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="宗派主義">宗派主義</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%AA%E8%B6%8A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="優越主義（页面不存在）">優越主義</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supremacism" class="extiw" title="en:Supremacism">Supremacism</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA%E4%BC%98%E8%B6%8A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="黑人优越主义">黑人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%84%AA%E8%B6%8A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="白人優越主義">白人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E4%BD%AC%E6%B2%99%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="福佬沙文主義">福佬</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC" title="跨性別恐懼">跨性別恐懼</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對非二元人的歧視（页面不存在）">非二元者</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" class="extiw" title="en:Discrimination against non-binary people">Discrimination against non-binary people</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%AD%E8%B7%A8%E5%A5%B3%E7%97%87" title="厭跨女症">厭跨女症</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E8%B7%A8%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對跨性別男性的歧視（页面不存在）">厭跨男症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" class="extiw" title="en:Discrimination against transgender men">Discrimination against transgender men</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%A0%E9%A3%9F%E8%80%85%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="素食者恐懼（页面不存在）">素食者恐懼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegaphobia" class="extiw" title="en:Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%87%E5%A4%96" title="仇外">仇外</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="歧視">宗教性</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E9%82%81%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%BE%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對阿赫邁底亞派的迫害（页面不存在）">阿赫邁底亞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Ahmadis">Persecution of Ahmadis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="對無神論者的歧視">無神論</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對巴哈伊教徒的迫害（页面不存在）">巴哈伊教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Baháʼís">Persecution of Baháʼís</a>）</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="反天主教">天主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3" title="對基督徒的迫害">基督教</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%8C%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="後冷戰時代的基督徒迫害事件（页面不存在）">後冷戰時期</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%E8%8C%B2%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對德魯茲教徒的迫害（页面不存在）">德魯茲教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Druze" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Druze">Persecution of Druze</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E6%B3%95%E8%BD%AE%E5%8A%9F%E7%9A%84%E9%95%87%E5%8E%8B" title="对法轮功的镇压">法輪功</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度教恐懼（页面不存在）">印度教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Hindu sentiment">Anti-Hindu sentiment</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對印度教徒的迫害（页面不存在）">迫害事件</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B1%E6%B0%91_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="贱民 (印度)">賤民</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%81%90%E6%83%A7%E7%97%87" title="伊斯兰恐惧症">伊斯蘭教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3" title="對穆斯林的迫害">迫害事件</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%8E%E8%A7%81%E8%AF%81%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%A2%AB%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3%E5%8F%B2" title="耶和华见证人的被迫害史">耶和華見證人</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神學反猶太主義（页面不存在）">猶太教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" class="extiw" title="en:Religious antisemitism">Religious antisemitism</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對猶太人的迫害（页面不存在）">迫害事件</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Jews">Persecution of Jews</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%91%A9%E9%96%80%E6%95%99" title="反摩門教">摩門教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%96%B0%E7%95%B0%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對新異教徒的宗教歧視（页面不存在）">新異教徒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_Neopagans" class="extiw" title="en:Religious discrimination against Neopagans">Religious discrimination against Neopagans</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E7%89%B9%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆斯林特權（页面不存在）">穆斯林特權</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_privilege" class="extiw" title="en:Muslim privilege">Muslim privilege</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對東正教會的迫害（页面不存在）">東正教會</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對東正教徒的迫害（页面不存在）">東正教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Oriental Orthodoxy">Persecution of Oriental Orthodoxy</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對科普特人的迫害（页面不存在）">科普特人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Copts" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Copts">Persecution of Copts</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反新教（页面不存在）">新教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Protestantism">Anti-Protestantism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95%E9%87%8C%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對拉斯塔法里教徒的迫害（页面不存在）">拉斯塔法里教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Rastafari">Persecution of Rastafari</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E9%8C%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對錫克教徒的迫害（页面不存在）">錫克教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Sikhs" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Sikhs">Persecution of Sikhs</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E4%BB%80%E8%91%89%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反什葉派（页面不存在）">什葉派伊斯蘭教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Shi'ism">Anti-Shi'ism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E8%98%87%E8%8F%B2%E6%B4%BE%E7%9A%84%E6%B4%BE%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對蘇菲派的派害（页面不存在）">蘇菲派</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Sufis">Persecution of Sufis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反遜尼派（页面不存在）">遜尼派伊斯蘭教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Sunnism">Anti-Sunnism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E7%A5%86%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對祆教徒的迫害（页面不存在）">祆教</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Zoroastrians">Persecution of Zoroastrians</a>）</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="种族主义">種族</a>／地區</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非洲恐懼（页面不存在）">非洲</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrophobia" class="extiw" title="en:Afrophobia">Afrophobia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反阿爾巴尼亞情緒（页面不存在）">阿爾巴尼亞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Albanian sentiment">Anti-Albanian sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%BE%8E" title="反美">美国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" title="反阿拉伯情緒">阿拉伯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="反巴勒斯坦主义">巴勒斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反中東情緒（页面不存在）">中東</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反亞美尼亞情緒（页面不存在）">亞美尼亞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Armenian sentiment">Anti-Armenian sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%8D%E4%BA%9E%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%84%B6%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="亞美尼亞國內的反亞塞拜然情緒">亞塞拜然</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BE%85%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反加泰羅尼亞（页面不存在）">加泰隆尼亞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Catalanism" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Catalanism">Anti-Catalanism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E8%BB%8A%E8%87%A3%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反車臣情緒（页面不存在）">車臣</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Chechen sentiment">Anti-Chechen sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%AF" title="反華">中國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="反克羅埃西亞民族情緒">克羅埃西亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8F%B2" title="反菲">菲律賓</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反芬蘭情緒（页面不存在）">芬蘭</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Finnish sentiment">Anti-Finnish sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反富拉尼人（页面不存在）">富拉尼人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Fulani sentiment">Anti-Fulani sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反喬治亞情緒（页面不存在）">喬治亞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Georgian sentiment">Anti-Georgian sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反希臘情緒（页面不存在）">希臘</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Greek sentiment">Anti-Greek sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" title="反海地情緒">海地</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E5%93%88%E6%89%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對哈扎拉人的迫害（页面不存在）">哈扎拉人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazara_people" class="extiw" title="en:Persecution of Hazara people">Persecution of Hazara people</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反西班牙情緒（页面不存在）">西班牙</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanophobia" class="extiw" title="en:Hispanophobia">Hispanophobia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反匈牙利情緒（页面不存在）">匈牙利</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Anti-Hungarian sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E4%BC%8A%E5%8D%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反伊博人情緒（页面不存在）">伊博人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Igbo sentiment">Anti-Igbo sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" title="反印度情緒">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E4%B9%8B%E5%88%BB%E6%9D%BF%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加拿大和美國原住民之刻板印象（页面不存在）">北美原住民</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereotypes_of_indigenous_peoples_of_Canada_and_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:Stereotypes of indigenous peoples of Canada and the United States">Stereotypes of indigenous peoples of Canada and the United States</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反伊朗情緒（页面不存在）">伊朗</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Iranian_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Iranian sentiment">Anti-Iranian sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反愛爾蘭情緒（页面不存在）">愛爾蘭</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Irish sentiment">Anti-Irish sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反錫安主義">以色列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%84%8F" title="反意">義大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%97%A5" title="反日">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="反犹太主义">猶太人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%9F%93" title="反韓">韓國</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%AB%E5%BE%B7%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反庫德情緒（页面不存在）">庫德人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Anti-Kurdish sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" title="反馬來情緒">馬來人</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E6%AF%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反毛利人情緒（页面不存在）">毛利人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Māori sentiment">Anti-Māori sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" title="反墨西哥情緒">墨西哥</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反中東情緒（页面不存在）">中東</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Middle_Eastern_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Middle Eastern sentiment">Anti-Middle Eastern sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反蒙古情緒（页面不存在）">蒙古</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Mongolianism">Anti-Mongolianism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反蒙特內哥羅情緒（页面不存在）">蒙特內哥羅</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Montenegrin_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Montenegrin sentiment">Anti-Montenegrin sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反巴基斯坦情緒（页面不存在）">巴基斯坦</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Anti-Pakistan sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E6%99%AE%E4%BB%80%E5%9C%96%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反普什圖情緒（页面不存在）">普什圖人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Anti-Pashtun sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反波蘭情緒（页面不存在）">波蘭</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Polish sentiment">Anti-Polish sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反魁北克情緒（页面不存在）">魁北克</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Quebec sentiment">Anti-Quebec sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%90%89%E6%99%AE%E8%B3%BD%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反吉普賽情緒（页面不存在）">吉普賽人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiziganism" class="extiw" title="en:Antiziganism">Antiziganism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反羅馬尼亞情緒（页面不存在）">羅馬尼亞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Romanian sentiment">Anti-Romanian sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%BF%84" title="反俄">俄羅斯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反塞爾維亞情緒（页面不存在）">塞爾維亞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Serb sentiment">Anti-Serb sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" title="反斯拉夫情緒">斯拉夫人</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%B4%A2%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反索馬利亞情緒（页面不存在）">索馬利亞</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Somali sentiment">Anti-Somali sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%83%E9%9D%BC%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韃靼恐懼（页面不存在）">韃靼人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatarophobia" class="extiw" title="en:Tatarophobia">Tatarophobia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E6%B3%B0%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反泰情緒（页面不存在）">泰國</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Thai sentiment">Anti-Thai sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E8%97%8F%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反藏情緒（页面不存在）">西藏</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Tibetan_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Tibetan sentiment">Anti-Tibetan sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反土耳其情緒（页面不存在）">土耳其</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-Turkish sentiment">Anti-Turkish sentiment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="反烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95%E6%8C%87%E6%8E%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆種族滅絕指控">維吾爾人</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%94%E5%85%A7%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E4%B9%8B%E4%BB%87%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E6%B8%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="委內瑞拉難民危機期間之仇外事件清列表（页面不存在）">委內瑞拉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" class="extiw" title="en:List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%B6%8A%E6%83%85%E7%BB%AA" title="反越情绪">越南</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;color:inherit;">表現形式</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%A5%AD%E8%AF%BD%E8%B0%A4" title="血祭诽谤">血祭誹謗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E5%87%8C" title="霸凌">霸凌</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E9%9C%B8%E5%87%8C" title="網路霸凌">網路霸凌</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%88%B6%E7%B5%95%E8%82%B2" title="強制絕育">強制絕育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AF%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%B7%E5%A7%A6" title="矯正強姦">矯正強姦</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E8%81%96%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反聖戰（页面不存在）">反聖戰</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-jihad" class="extiw" title="en:Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8B%80%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E6%8E%92%E5%A4%96%E5%8F%8A%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="2019冠狀病毒病疫情相關排外及種族主義">COVID-19相關的種族主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95" class="mw-redirect" title="文化滅絕">文化滅絕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%B9%E8%AC%97" class="mw-redirect" title="誹謗">誹謗</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E6%AE%BA%E6%88%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政策殺戮（页面不存在）">政策殺戮</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democide" class="extiw" title="en:Democide">Democide</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%98%E7%96%BE%E4%BB%87%E6%81%A8%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="殘疾仇恨犯罪（页面不存在）">殘疾仇恨犯罪</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" class="extiw" title="en:Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%97%E5%93%A8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="狗哨政治">狗哨政治</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%92%E9%99%A4%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="排除主義（页面不存在）">排除主義</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliminationism" class="extiw" title="en:Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="經濟歧視（页面不存在）">經濟歧視</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_discrimination" class="extiw" title="en:Economic discrimination">Economic discrimination</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教育歧視（页面不存在）">教育歧視</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" class="extiw" title="en:Discrimination in education">Discrimination in education</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B1%E6%A5%AD%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96" title="就業歧視">就業歧視</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="種族清洗">種族清洗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="種族衝突">種族衝突</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%BB%87%E6%81%A8" title="种族仇恨">种族仇恨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E7%AC%91%E8%A9%B1" title="種族笑話">種族笑話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95" class="mw-redirect" title="種族文化滅絕">種族文化滅絕</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B7%E5%88%B6%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%88%E4%BE%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="強制性皈依（页面不存在）">強制性皈依</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_conversion" class="extiw" title="en:Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B8%E5%BD%A2%E7%A7%80" title="畸形秀">畸形秀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80%E6%AC%BA%E5%87%8C" title="同性戀欺凌">同性戀欺凌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D" title="性别灭绝">性別滅絕</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%AE%96%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E5%92%8C%E5%88%87%E5%89%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生殖器的改造和切割（页面不存在）">生殖器的改造和切割</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" class="extiw" title="en:Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95" class="mw-redirect" title="種族滅絕">種族滅絕</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D" title="历史上的种族灭绝">種族滅絕史</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E5%A4%A9%E8%8A%B1%E6%9D%BF" title="玻璃天花板">玻璃天花板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E6%87%B8%E5%B4%96" title="玻璃懸崖">玻璃懸崖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%87%E6%81%A8%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA" title="仇恨犯罪">仇恨犯罪</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3" title="LGBT迫害">LGBT迫害</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%87%E6%81%A8%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94" title="仇恨團體">仇恨團體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%87%E6%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96" title="仇恨言論">仇恨言論</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E4%BB%87%E6%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="網路仇恨言論（页面不存在）">網路仇恨言論</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_hate_speech" class="extiw" title="en:Online hate speech">Online hate speech</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8B%E6%94%BE%EF%BC%88%E7%84%A1%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%AF%E6%AD%B8%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%89%E7%97%85%E6%82%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="釋放（無家可歸的）病患（页面不存在）">釋放（無家可歸的）病患</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeless_dumping" class="extiw" title="en:Homeless dumping">Homeless dumping</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%8F%E6%88%BF%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="住房歧視（页面不存在）">住房歧視</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_discrimination" class="extiw" title="en:Housing discrimination">Housing discrimination</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%B0%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA%E5%8B%95%E7%9B%AA_(%E6%94%BB%E6%93%8A%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印地安人動盪 (攻擊事件)（页面不存在）">印地安人動盪</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rolling" class="extiw" title="en:Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%B0%E8%A1%A3%E8%8D%89%E6%81%90%E6%85%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薰衣草恐慌（页面不存在）">薰衣草恐慌</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="extiw" title="en:Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E5%88%91" title="私刑">私刑</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%BC%E8%B2%B8%E6%AC%BE%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抵押貸款歧視（页面不存在）">抵押貸款歧視</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" class="extiw" title="en:Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage discrimination</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E8%AC%80%E6%AE%BA%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="停止謀殺音樂行動（页面不存在）">停止謀殺音樂行動</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" class="extiw" title="en:Stop Murder Music">Stop Murder Music</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E5%90%89%E7%A5%A5%E7%89%A9%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" title="美洲原住民吉祥物爭議">美洲原住民吉祥物爭議</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B7%E6%A5%AD%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="職業隔離（页面不存在）">職業隔離</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_segregation" class="extiw" title="en:Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="反移民">反移民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3" title="迫害">迫害</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82" title="反猶騷亂">反猶騷亂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%85%E6%B8%85" title="肅清">肅清</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E6%81%90%E6%85%8C" title="红色恐慌">紅色恐慌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3" title="宗教迫害">宗教迫害</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教恐怖主義（页面不存在）">宗教恐怖主義</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_terrorism" class="extiw" title="en:Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="宗教暴力">宗教暴力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="宗教战争">宗教戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BF%E7%BD%AA%E7%BE%8A#在政治、社會上" title="替罪羊">代罪羔羊</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隔離學院（页面不存在）">隔離學院</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregation_academy" class="extiw" title="en:Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%E6%80%A7%E6%B5%81%E7%94%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="性別選擇性流產（页面不存在）">性別選擇性流產</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" class="extiw" title="en:Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="奴隸制度">奴隸制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%95%A9%E5%A9%A6%E7%BE%9E%E8%BE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="蕩婦羞辱">蕩婦羞辱</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%A8%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E6%8A%A8%E6%93%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跨性別抨擊（页面不存在）">跨性別抨擊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_bashing" class="extiw" title="en:Trans bashing">Trans bashing</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%97%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="受害（页面不存在）">受害</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victimisation" class="extiw" title="en:Victimisation">Victimisation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%88%E5%AF%B9%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA" title="针对男性的暴力行为">針對男性的暴力行為</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%9D%E5%B0%8D%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA" title="針對女性的暴力行為">針對女性的暴力行為</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%BA%E7%BE%A4%E9%A3%9E" title="白人群飞">白人群飛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%8B%E5%8A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白人之力音樂（页面不存在）">白人之力音樂</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_power_music" class="extiw" title="en:White power music">White power music</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A9%E5%A6%BB" title="販妻">販妻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E5%B7%AB" title="獵巫">獵巫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3" title="大取代">大取代</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;color:inherit;">歧視性政策</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%99%E9%80%89%E4%BA%BA%E5%B9%B4%E9%BE%84" title="候选人年龄">候選人年齡</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%94%E6%AD%A3%E8%A1%80%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="純正血統（页面不存在）">純正血統</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" class="extiw" title="en:Limpieza de sangre">Limpieza de sangre</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E8%A1%80%E7%B5%B1%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印第安血統法（页面不存在）">印第安血統法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" class="extiw" title="en:Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum laws</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2%E7%BD%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種族隔離罪（页面不存在）">種族隔離罪</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" class="extiw" title="en:Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BA%AB%E5%BF%83%E9%9A%9C%E7%A4%99" title="身心障礙">身心障礙</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對天主教徒的限制（页面不存在）">對天主教徒的限制</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" class="extiw" title="en:Disabilities (Catholics)">Disabilities (Catholics)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E7%9A%84%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對猶太教徒的限制（页面不存在）">對猶太教徒的限制</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disabilities_(Jewish)" class="extiw" title="en:Disabilities (Jewish)">Disabilities (Jewish)</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民族政治（页面不存在）">民族政治</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnocracy" class="extiw" title="en:Ethnocracy">Ethnocracy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民族多元主義（页面不存在）">民族多元主義</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnopluralism" class="extiw" title="en:Ethnopluralism">Ethnopluralism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB%E8%96%AA%E9%85%AC%E5%B7%AE%E8%B7%9D" title="性别薪酬差距">性别薪酬差距</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="性別角色">性別角色</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="老人政治">老人政治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%91%E5%88%A9%E8%A0%91%E8%9E%88" title="傑利蠑螈">傑利蠑螈</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A7%E6%B0%91%E9%95%B7%E6%A4%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貧民長椅（页面不存在）">貧民長椅</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghetto_benches" class="extiw" title="en:Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E6%8B%98%E7%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="集中拘禁（页面不存在）">集中拘禁</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internment" class="extiw" title="en:Internment">Internment</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E9%85%8D%E9%A1%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="猶太人配額（页面不存在）">猶太人配額</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_quota" class="extiw" title="en:Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E6%B3%95" title="吉姆·克勞法">吉姆·克勞法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%B3%95_(%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國家保護法 (保加利亞)（页面不存在）">國家保護法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" class="extiw" title="en:Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8D%A1%E9%8C%AB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="麥卡錫主義">麥卡錫主義</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B7%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E8%80%85%E4%B9%8B%E7%8D%BB%E8%A1%80%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="男男性行為者之獻血限制（页面不存在）">MSM獻血限制</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" class="extiw" title="en:Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%BA_(%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非人 (社會)（页面不存在）">非人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonperson" class="extiw" title="en:Nonperson">Nonperson</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="數子（页面不存在）">數子</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerus_clausus" class="extiw" title="en:Numerus clausus">Numerus clausus</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E5%80%AB%E5%A0%A1%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="紐倫堡法案">紐倫堡法案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%BB%B4%E8%A1%80%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99" title="一滴血规则">一滴血規則</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E9%85%8D%E9%A1%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種族配額（页面不存在）">種族配額</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_quota" class="extiw" title="en:Racial quota">Racial quota</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%B0%8E%E5%90%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種族導向（页面不存在）">種族導向</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_steering" class="extiw" title="en:Racial steering">Racial steering</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%85%E7%B7%9A_(%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紅線 (商業)（页面不存在）">紅線</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redlining" class="extiw" title="en:Redlining">Redlining</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="同性婚姻">同性婚姻</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地域隔離（页面不存在）">地域隔離</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_segregation" class="extiw" title="en:Geographical segregation">Geographical segregation</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B4%E9%BD%A1%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="年齡隔離（页面不存在）">年齡</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_segregation" class="extiw" title="en:Age segregation">Age segregation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="種族隔離">種族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2" title="宗教隔離">宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2" title="性別隔離">性別</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E6%82%96%E8%BB%8C%E6%B3%95" title="性悖軌法">性悖軌法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="国家无神论">國家無神論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99" title="國教">國教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%9C%E9%99%8B%E4%B9%8B%E6%B3%95_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="醜陋之法 (美國)（页面不存在）">醜陋之法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugly_law" class="extiw" title="en:Ugly law">Ugly law</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%B8%E6%B0%91%E5%A3%93%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="選民壓制（页面不存在）">選民壓制</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_suppression" class="extiw" title="en:Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a>）</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;color:inherit;">對策</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="肯定性行動">肯定性行動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96%E6%B3%95" title="反歧視法">反歧視法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%8C%96" title="同化">同化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="多元文化主義">文化多元主義</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E5%8C%96%E5%9F%B9%E8%A8%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多元化培訓（页面不存在）">多元化培訓</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversity_training" class="extiw" title="en:Diversity training">Diversity training</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%A6%E6%AC%8A" title="賦權">賦權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="女性主義">女性主義</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%93%E6%93%8A%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="打擊歧視計劃（页面不存在）">打擊歧視計劃</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" class="extiw" title="en:Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BB%87%E6%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各國仇恨言論法律列表（页面不存在）">各國仇恨言論法律列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="人權">人權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="跨文化主义">跨文化主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="雙性人人權">雙性人人權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0LGBT%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9" title="各地LGBT權利">LGBT權利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="男性主義">男性主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="多元文化主義">多元文化主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="非暴力">非暴力</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種族融合（页面不存在）">種族融合</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_integration" class="extiw" title="en:Racial integration">Racial integration</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重定義（页面不存在）">重定義</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reappropriation" class="extiw" title="en:Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B1%BA" title="民族自決">民族自決</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%95%B4%E5%90%88" title="社會整合">社會整合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AC%E5%AE%B9" title="寬容">寬容</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%BE%E5%81%A5%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89" title="聾健司法平等">聾健司法平等</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;color:inherit;">相關條目</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%80%E7%99%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戀癖（页面不存在）">戀癖</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allophilia" class="extiw" title="en:Allophilia">Allophilia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E6%83%85%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛情規範（页面不存在）">愛情規範</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatonormativity" class="extiw" title="en:Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E3%80%81%E5%8F%8D%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%87%E5%8F%8D%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反文化、反國家與反種族術語列表（页面不存在）">反文化、反國家與反種族</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_anti-cultural,_anti-national,_and_anti-ethnic_terms" class="extiw" title="en:List of anti-cultural, anti-national, and anti-ethnic terms">List of anti-cultural, anti-national, and anti-ethnic terms</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%8F%E8%A6%8B_(%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="偏見 (社會)（页面不存在）">偏見</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias" class="extiw" title="en:Bias">Bias</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92%E7%89%B9%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基督徒特權（页面不存在）">基督徒特權</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_privilege" class="extiw" title="en:Christian privilege">Christian privilege</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="公民自由">公民自由</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%BA%E5%8C%96" title="非人化">非人化</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多樣性 (政治)（页面不存在）">多樣性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" class="extiw" title="en:Diversity (politics)">Diversity (politics)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%87%B2%E7%BD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種族懲罰（页面不存在）">種族懲罰</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" class="extiw" title="en:Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="優生學">優生學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E6%80%A7%E6%81%8B%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8D" title="异性恋本位">異性戀本位</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%A3%93%E8%BF%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內化壓迫（页面不存在）">內化壓迫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internalized_oppression" class="extiw" title="en:Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E6%80%A7" title="交叉性">交叉性</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E7%89%B9%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="男性特權（页面不存在）">男性特權</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_privilege" class="extiw" title="en:Male privilege">Male privilege</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="男性主義">男性主義</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%98%E7%96%BE%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="殘疾醫學模型（页面不存在）">殘疾醫學模型</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" class="extiw" title="en:Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E9%96%89%E7%97%87%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E7%AF%84%E4%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自閉症病理學範例（页面不存在）">自閉症病理學範例</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="extiw" title="en:Medical model of autism">Medical model of autism</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E5%81%8F%E8%A6%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="網路偏見（页面不存在）">網路偏見</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_bias" class="extiw" title="en:Net bias">Net bias</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7" title="神经多样性">神經多樣性</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%90%E5%AE%B6%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恐家症（页面不存在）">恐家症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oikophobia" class="extiw" title="en:Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%93%E8%BF%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="壓迫（页面不存在）">壓迫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppression" class="extiw" title="en:Oppression">Oppression</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="警察暴力">警察暴力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%AD%A3%E7%A2%BA" title="政治正確">政治正確</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="融合文化主義（页面不存在）">融合文化主義</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyculturalism" class="extiw" title="en:Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B%E8%B7%9D%E9%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="權力距離（页面不存在）">權力距離</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_distance" class="extiw" title="en:Power distance">Power distance</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E8%A6%8B" title="偏見">偏見</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9A%E7%8A%AF%E8%99%90%E5%BE%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="囚犯虐待（页面不存在）">囚犯虐待</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" class="extiw" title="en:Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%81%8F%E8%A6%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國犯罪新聞中的種族偏見（页面不存在）">犯罪新聞中的種族偏見</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a>）（以<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>為例）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83%E5%88%86%E7%9A%84%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="按國家/地區劃分的種族主義（页面不存在）">按國家/地區劃分的種族主義</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Racism by country">Racism by country</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%B9%E5%BF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教不容忍（页面不存在）">宗教不容忍</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_intolerance" class="extiw" title="en:Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB%E5%81%8F%E8%A6%8B" title="第二代性别偏見">第二代性别偏見</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%A2%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勢利（页面不存在）">勢利</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snob" class="extiw" title="en:Snob">Snob</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%8E%92%E6%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="社會排斥">社會排斥</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%98%E7%96%BE%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="殘疾的社會模式（页面不存在）">殘疾的社會模式</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" class="extiw" title="en:Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%B1%A1%E5%90%8D" title="社會污名">社會污名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E6%AD%A7%E8%A7%86" title="物种歧视">物種歧視</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BB%E6%9D%BF%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="刻板印象">刻板印象</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E8%A6%8B%E5%A8%81%E8%84%85" class="mw-redirect" title="成見威脅">成見威脅</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%87%E8%A9%B1_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="談話 (美國種族主義)（页面不存在）">談話</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" class="extiw" title="en:The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk (racism in the United States)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%B9%E6%9D%83" title="白人特权">白人特權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9A%E9%86%92%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="喚醒革命">喚醒革命</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96%E5%81%B4%E9%82%8A%E6%AC%84" title="Template:歧視側邊欄"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96%E5%81%B4%E9%82%8A%E6%AC%84" title="Template talk:歧視側邊欄"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96%E5%81%B4%E9%82%8A%E6%AC%84" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:歧視側邊欄"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 法難，佛教用語。指佛教遭到當時的主政者，或由非佛教徒發起的各種迫害、橫難。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="印度的法難">印度的法難</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：印度的法難">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度佛教法難（页面不存在）">印度佛教法難</a>（日语：<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E4%BB%8F%E6%95%99%E3%81%AE%E5%BC%BE%E5%9C%A7" class="extiw" title="ja:インドにおける仏教の弾圧">インドにおける仏教の弾圧</a>）</div> <a href="/wiki/6%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="6世紀">6世紀</a>，在佛教發源地的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="古印度">古印度</a>，匈奴王<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%B8%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89" title="密希拉古拉">密希拉古拉</a>對北印度的佛教進行打壓<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>。 <a href="/wiki/11%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="11世纪">11世纪</a>，信奉<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="突厥人">突厥人</a>入侵北印度，建立了<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="德里蘇丹國">德里苏丹国</a>，开始对佛教和印度教进行残酷地迫害，直接导致了印度本土佛教于<a href="/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="12世纪">12世纪</a>中叶到<a href="/wiki/13%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="13世纪">13世纪</a>灭绝<a href="#cite_note-印度1-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-印度2-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-印度3-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-印度4-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-印度5-6">[6]</a>。现在印度共和国的佛教徒基本上聚居于毗邻西藏的邦，如拉达克、喜马偕尔等地大部分为藏传佛教。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="南亚、东南亚地区的法难">南亚、东南亚地区的法难</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：南亚、东南亚地区的法难">编辑</a>]</div> 印度周边的南亚、东南亚文化圈是个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部佛教</a>古国群集之地，在古代由于突厥人南下，印度的佛教都遭到了伊斯兰教的残酷迫害，佛教学术中心<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E7%83%82%E9%99%80%E5%AF%BA" title="那烂陀寺">那烂陀寺</a>被毁，印度以及阿拉伯、波斯穆斯林又向印度周边、东南亚沿海传播；同时，伊斯兰教的传播往往和当地的民族主义联系起来，成爲对抗佛教、印度教的旗帜；以马来西亚、印度尼西亚、文莱三地爲东南亚伊斯兰教的大本营<a href="#cite_note-印度1-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-印度2-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-印度3-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-印度4-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-印度5-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>。 1540年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8" title="缅甸">缅甸</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿瓦王朝">阿瓦</a>国王<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E6%B1%89%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多汉法（页面不存在）">多汉法</a>（或譯<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E6%B4%AA%E7%99%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="思洪發">思洪發</a>）感到佛教力量發展过快，危及到王权统治。他以各地<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%A1%94" class="mw-redirect" title="佛塔">佛塔</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="佛法">佛法</a>无关，命令各地拆毁佛塔，遭到各方强烈反对。此事触怒多汉法，他设局在阿瓦邻近的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%80%E5%B7%B4%E5%A5%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刀巴奴（页面不存在）">刀巴奴</a>举办斋僧大会，约请<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6" title="阿瓦">阿瓦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E7%9A%86" title="实皆">实皆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E7%89%99" class="mw-redirect" title="邦牙">邦牙</a>等地的3000名<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%98" title="比丘">比丘</a>赴会<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>，在僧侣们用斋之际，埋伏在四周的戎行开始屠杀，360位比丘死亡、其他比丘逃脱。之后<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E6%B1%89%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多汉法（页面不存在）">多汉法</a>命令毁佛塔、烧经文。佛教在阿瓦势力受到重创<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>，这也是缅甸历史上唯一一次的灭佛事件<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>。 在近现代，由于外国<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91" title="殖民">殖民</a>及外国势力扶持的新政府对佛教的长期打压迫害，僧侣遭到恐吓、折磨，甚至谋杀，这也引起了僧侣的拼命反抗。例如緬甸在近代受到英國殖民統治後，殖民當局打擊佛教，推廣基督教。又如，20世纪50、60年代的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>经常有僧人以自焚的方式抗议政府优待基督教、迫害佛教，1963年6月11日，僧人<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E5%B9%BF%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="释广德">释广德</a>为抗议南越总统<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E5%BB%B7%E7%90%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="吴廷琰">吴廷琰</a>及其政府的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E5%8D%B1%E6%9C%BA" title="佛教徒危机">迫害佛教政策</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%82" title="胡志明市">西贡</a>的闹市街头用汽油引火自焚，肉身化为焦炭，唯有心脏不坏，仍然滚烫<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中國歷史上的法難">中國歷史上的法難</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：中國歷史上的法難">编辑</a>]</div> 中國歷史上最具代表性的法難，在汉地是分別由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F%E5%A4%AA%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="北魏太武帝">北魏太武帝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="北周武帝">北周武帝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%97" title="唐武宗">唐武宗</a>，以及後周世宗所下達的禁佛政策。前三次稱為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%A6%E7%81%AD%E4%BD%9B" title="三武灭佛">三武灭佛</a>，和後周世宗灭佛合称为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%A6%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="三武一宗">三武一宗</a>法难。 後世也有人将“<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="文化大革命">文化大革命</a>”时期对宗教的迫害称爲第五次法难，漢傳佛教和藏傳佛教，以及道教等中國境內所有宗教，都遭受了浩劫。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="藏区的法难">藏区的法难</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：藏区的法难">编辑</a>]</div> 西藏地区歷史上也曾發生過兩次對佛教的非難，第一次發生在祖贊王駕崩後的苯教、佛教鬥爭背景下的“禁佛運動”；第二次是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E9%81%94%E7%91%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="朗達瑪">朗達瑪</a>滅佛，佛教史稱“朗達瑪法難”<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>。“<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="文化大革命">文化大革命</a>”中藏传佛教也遭到极大迫害。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="西域的法难">西域的法难</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：西域的法难">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a>等泛突厥地区，史称西域，在歷史上曾信仰佛教。随着<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>向東军事扩张，大量的佛教徒死於战乱和宗教迫害，人们不得不<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E5%AE%97" title="改宗">改宗</a>信仰伊斯兰教才能生存下来，于是西域佛教悉数灭亡，全面<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8C%96" title="伊斯兰化">伊斯兰化</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-印度5-6">[6]</a>。 位于今新疆的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="卫拉特">卫拉特</a>蒙古<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%86%E5%99%B6%E5%B0%94%E9%83%A8" title="准噶尔部">准噶尔部</a>在18世纪因对抗<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="大清帝国">大清帝国</a>而被<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%B8%9D" title="乾隆帝">乾隆帝</a>出兵歼灭，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%B0%94%E6%89%88%E7%89%B9%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="土尔扈特部">土尔扈特部</a>势力进入沙俄境内，俄国称他们爲<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="卡尔梅克人">卡尔梅克人</a>，强迫信仰藏传佛教的他们<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E5%AE%97" title="改宗">改宗</a>信仰<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="东正教">东正教</a>。部分卡尔梅克人留在俄国，部分人不堪忍受，又迁回中国，归降大清。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="日本的法難">日本的法難</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：日本的法難">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>平安時代，平氏征討南都，破壞佛教。</li> <li>鎌倉時代，承元法難，打擊淨土宗信仰，<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%93%AE%E5%AE%97" title="日蓮宗">日蓮宗</a>受到四大法難。</li> <li>戰國時代，天文法難，日蓮宗二十一本山<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%8F%A1%E5%B1%B1" title="比叡山">比叡山</a>延曆寺遭到六角氏征討焚燒，比叡山還遭到過<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%94%E7%94%B0%E4%BF%A1%E9%95%B7" title="織田信長">織田信長</a>的征討焚燒，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="東大寺">東大寺</a>大佛殿也曾陷入戰火。</li> <li>明治政府下达的“神佛分離”政策，開啟了“<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E4%BD%9B%E6%AF%80%E9%87%8B" title="廢佛毀釋">廢佛毀釋</a>”運動。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="朝鮮半島的法難">朝鮮半島的法難</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：朝鮮半島的法難">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="李氏朝鲜">李朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%88%90%E6%A1%82" title="李成桂">李成桂</a>後數代國王，均崇儒抑佛，但并没大规模破坏佛教，还多次任命僧人为王师国师大禅师，直到朝鲜成宗亲政后受到儒家大臣辟佛思想大規模的對佛教的打擊活動，拆毁都城和城镇寺院最重要的排佛政策是弘治五年（1492年）废止度僧法，不再颁发僧侣度牒，并搜查各寺无牒之僧，导致朝鲜“中外寺刹皆空”。燕山君即位得知生母死亡与信佛祖母仁粹大妃有关，继而迁怒佛教并把王家寺院圆觉寺改为妓院！ <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="蒙古的法难">蒙古的法难</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：蒙古的法难">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古人民共和国">蒙古人民共和国</a>成立后，向苏联学习，积极推广<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a>，佛教喇嘛等被视为落后愚昧之物，在“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%95%87%E5%8E%8B" title="大镇压">大镇压</a>”之后，全国的寺庙基本被铲除，大多数喇嘛被处决，佛教直到1990年民主化后方才恢复传播。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見">參見</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：參見">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%A6%E7%81%AD%E4%BD%9B" title="三武灭佛">三武灭佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3" title="宗教迫害">宗教迫害</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料">參考資料</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：參考資料">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite class="citation book">三藏法師玄奘奉詔譯. 大唐西域記．卷第四.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&rft.au=%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%98%E5%A5%89%E8%A9%94%E8%AD%AF&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%A8%98%EF%BC%8E%E5%8D%B7%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-印度1-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-印度1_2-0">2.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-印度1_2-1">2.1</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9A%B4%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="聖嚴法師">聖嚴法師</a>《印度佛教史》 </li> <li id="cite_note-印度2-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-印度2_3-0">3.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-印度2_3-1">3.1</a> <cite id="CITEREF劉國威" class="citation">劉國威, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enlight.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-AN/an122223.pdf">十三世紀以後進入西藏的印度人</a> (PDF), [2019-02-26], （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914125512/http://enlight.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-AN/an122223.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2017-09-14）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&rft.au=%E5%8A%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%A8%81&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BB%A5%E5%BE%8C%E9%80%B2%E5%85%A5%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%BA&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenlight.lib.ntu.edu.tw%2FFULLTEXT%2FJR-AN%2Fan122223.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> ：“特別是十二世紀回教勢力入侵印度之後的佛教歷史……在西藏歷史上他被稱為「喀什米爾班智達」(Kha che Pan chen)，是印度超岩寺 (Vikrama la) 的最後一任住持。那爛陀寺被回教軍隊摧毀後，他與許多弟子逃到現今孟加拉地區的Jagaddala，於1204年應綽普譯師 (1172-1236) 之請到西藏傳法，前後在西藏待了十年，然後回到家鄉喀什米爾，又護持傳授佛法達十二年之久。” </li> <li id="cite_note-印度3-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-印度3_4-0">4.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-印度3_4-1">4.1</a> <cite id="CITEREF齐寻昕" class="citation">齐寻昕, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YWXK201324037.htm">浅析13世纪佛教在印度的消亡</a>, [2019-02-26], （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023223035/http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YWXK201324037.htm">存档</a>于2020-10-23）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&rft.au=%E9%BD%90%E5%AF%BB%E6%98%95&rft.btitle=%E6%B5%85%E6%9E%9013%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%B6%88%E4%BA%A1&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnki.com.cn%2FArticle%2FCJFDTotal-YWXK201324037.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-印度4-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-印度4_5-0">5.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-印度4_5-1">5.1</a> <cite id="CITEREF林煌洲" class="citation">林煌洲, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enlight.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-AN/an122234.pdf">印度佛教的近現代發展及現況</a> (PDF), [2019-02-26], （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029230310/http://enlight.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-AN/an122234.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2020-10-29）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E7%85%8C%E6%B4%B2&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%91%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%8A%E7%8F%BE%E6%B3%81&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenlight.lib.ntu.edu.tw%2FFULLTEXT%2FJR-AN%2Fan122234.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> ：“一般認為印度佛教最後根據地超戒寺(VikramaZIla)在西元 1203 年被伊斯蘭教摧毀，以此事件代表印度佛教之滅亡。” </li> <li id="cite_note-印度5-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-印度5_6-0">6.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-印度5_6-1">6.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-印度5_6-2">6.2</a> <cite id="CITEREF刘欣如" class="citation">刘欣如, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-WORL201506006.htm">中亚宗教文化和社会的重大转折(9至13世纪)</a>, [2019-02-26], （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023221022/http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-WORL201506006.htm">存档</a>于2020-10-23）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E6%AC%A3%E5%A6%82&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%BD%AC%E6%8A%98%289%E8%87%B313%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%29&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnki.com.cn%2FArticle%2FCJFDTotal-WORL201506006.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> ：“中亚地区在9到13世纪期间经历宗教文化的重大转折。伊斯兰教替代佛教和祆教成为主流……。” </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite id="CITEREF許明銀" class="citation">許明銀, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170213000932/http://www.rsd.fju.edu.tw/Upload/28-07%E8%A8%B1%E6%98%8E%E9%8A%80-%E5%AF%86%E6%95%99%E6%9C%80%E5%BE%8C%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99.pdf">密教——最後的佛教</a> (PDF), 《輔仁宗教研究》第二十八期（2014 年春）: 87-150頁, [2019-02-26], （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsd.fju.edu.tw/Upload/28-07%E8%A8%B1%E6%98%8E%E9%8A%80-%E5%AF%86%E6%95%99%E6%9C%80%E5%BE%8C%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99.pdf">原始内容</a> (PDF)存档于2017-02-13）</cite><span 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href="http://sea.cssn.cn/webpic/web/sea/upload/2012/02/d20120217112602000.pdf">试论伊斯兰教在东南亚岛屿地区的传播</a> (PDF), 南洋问题研究2005年第2期, [2019-02-26], （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180810072449/http://sea.cssn.cn/webpic/web/sea/upload/2012/02/d20120217112602000.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2018-08-10）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3&rft.btitle=%E8%AF%95%E8%AE%BA%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%E5%8D%97%E6%B4%8B%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B62005%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC2%E6%9C%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsea.cssn.cn%2Fwebpic%2Fweb%2Fsea%2Fupload%2F2012%2F02%2Fd20120217112602000.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite id="CITEREF蒲瑶、彭树智" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼古拉斯·塔林（页面不存在）">尼古拉斯·塔林</a>《东南亚简明史》 </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Harvey, G. E. History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. 1925: 107–109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&rft.aufirst=G.+E.&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.btitle=History+of+Burma%3A+From+the+Earliest+Times+to+10+March+1824&rft.date=1925&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=107-109&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frank+Cass+%26+Co.+Ltd&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite class="citation book">钟智翔著. 缅甸语言文化论. 北京：军事谊文出版社. 2002.01: 288. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-80150-198-5" title="Special:网络书源/7-80150-198-5">ISBN 7-80150-198-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&rft.au=%E9%92%9F%E6%99%BA%E7%BF%94%E8%91%97&rft.btitle=%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%AE%BA&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-80150-198-5&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E8%B0%8A%E6%96%87%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite class="citation book">包茂红，李一平，薄文泽主编. 东南亚历史文化研究论集. 厦门：厦门大学出版社. 2014.12: 151–152. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5615-5292-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5615-5292-6">ISBN 978-7-5615-5292-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&rft.au=%E5%8C%85%E8%8C%82%E7%BA%A2%EF%BC%8C%E6%9D%8E%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3%EF%BC%8C%E8%96%84%E6%96%87%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BC%96&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%AE%BA%E9%9B%86&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-5615-5292-6&rft.pages=151-152&rft.pub=%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%9A%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> 见<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8B%E5%BB%A3%E5%BE%B7" title="釋廣德">釋廣德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E6%8A%84%E8%88%8D%E5%88%A9%E5%AF%BA" title="查抄舍利寺">查抄舍利寺</a>、越南<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E5%8D%B1%E6%9C%BA" title="佛教徒危机">佛教徒危机</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masterhsingyun.org/article/article.jsp?index=75&item=257&bookid=2c907d4944dd5ce70144e285bec50005&ch=5&se=14&f=1">[[星雲大師]]，第四冊.佛教史.第十四課.西藏佛教史</a>. [2018-12-26]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203004612/http://www.masterhsingyun.org/article/article.jsp?index=75&item=257&bookid=2c907d4944dd5ce70144e285bec50005&ch=5&se=14&f=1">存档</a>于2020-12-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&rft.btitle=%26%2391%3B%26%2391%3B%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%B2%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%AB%26%2393%3B%26%2393%3B%EF%BC%8C%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%86%8A.%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2.%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E8%AA%B2.%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masterhsingyun.org%2Farticle%2Farticle.jsp%3Findex%3D75%26item%3D257%26bookid%3D2c907d4944dd5ce70144e285bec50005%26ch%3D5%26se%3D14%26f%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite id="CITEREF李泰玉" class="citation">李泰玉, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1983-XJSH198301015.htm">新疆佛教由盛转衰和伊斯兰教兴起的历史根源</a>, 《新疆社会科学》 1983年01期, [2019-02-26], （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023221442/http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1983-XJSH198301015.htm">存档</a>于2020-10-23）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B3%B0%E7%8E%89&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%94%B1%E7%9B%9B%E8%BD%AC%E8%A1%B0%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E5%85%B4%E8%B5%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%A0%B9%E6%BA%90&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%E3%80%8A%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%80%8B+1983%E5%B9%B401%E6%9C%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnki.com.cn%2FArticle%2FCJFD1983-XJSH198301015.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀">延伸閱讀</h2>[<a 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