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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>La Sierra de las Pintas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Sierra_de_las_Pintas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Yuma_Route" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Yuma_Route"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The Yuma Route</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Yuma_Route-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fort_Yuma_Native_American_Reservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fort_Yuma_Native_American_Reservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Fort Yuma Native American Reservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fort_Yuma_Native_American_Reservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Quechan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Квечан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Квечан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5)" title="Юма (племе) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Юма (племе)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechans" title="Quechans – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quechans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quechan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_yuma" title="Pueblo yuma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo yuma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechans" title="Quechans – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quechans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuma_Indijanci" title="Yuma Indijanci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Yuma Indijanci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quechan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="ക്വെച്ചാൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഇന്ത്യൻ വർഗ്ഗം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്വെച്ചാൻ അമേരിക്കൻ ഇന്ത്യൻ വർഗ്ഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quechan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Квечаны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Квечаны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumovia" title="Jumovia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jumovia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yumalar" title="Yumalar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yumalar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%8E%E6%9F%A5%E6%81%A9%E4%BA%BA" title="奎查恩人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奎查恩人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1754503#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group and federally-recognized tribe in Arizona, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Yuma, the Native American people in the United States. For their language, see <a href="/wiki/Quechan_language" title="Quechan language">Quechan language</a>. For the South American language, see <a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechuan languages</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Yuman" redirects here. For the settlement in Butte County, California, see <a href="/wiki/Yuman,_California" title="Yuman, California">Yuman, California</a>. For the Italian singer-songwriter, see <a href="/wiki/Yuman_(singer)" title="Yuman (singer)">Yuman (singer)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Quecha_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Quecha (disambiguation)">Quecha</a> or <a href="/wiki/Quechua_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Quechua (disambiguation)">Quechua</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Quechan" title="Special:EditPage/Quechan">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Quechan%22">"Quechan"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Quechan%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Quechan%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Quechan%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Quechan%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Quechan%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Quechan</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>Kwatsáan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><br />Quechan tribal seal</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">10,089<sup id="cite_ref-2010_Census_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010_Census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2010)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/40px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/60px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/45px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Quechan_language" title="Quechan language">Quechan</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">traditional tribal religion, <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Maricopa_people" title="Maricopa people">Maricopa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mojave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yavapai" title="Yavapai">Yavapai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocopah" title="Cocopah">Cocopah</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emory-Yuma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Emory-Yuma.jpg/250px-Emory-Yuma.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Emory-Yuma.jpg/330px-Emory-Yuma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Emory-Yuma.jpg/500px-Emory-Yuma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1158" /></a><figcaption>Yumas in "United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. Report of William H. Emory…" Washington, 1857, Volume I</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Quechan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Quechan_language" title="Quechan language">Quechan</a>: <i>Kwatsáan</i> 'those who descended'), or <b>Yuma</b>, are a <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribe</a> who live on the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Yuma_Indian_Reservation" title="Fort Yuma Indian Reservation">Fort Yuma Indian Reservation</a> on the lower <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> and <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> just north of the Mexican border.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite their name, they are not related to the <a href="/wiki/Quechua_people" title="Quechua people">Quechua people</a> of the Andes. Members are enrolled in the <b>Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation.</b> The federally recognized Quechan tribe's main office is located in Winterhaven, California. Its operations and the majority of its reservation land are located in California, United States. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historic Yuman-speaking people in this region were skilled warriors and active traders, maintaining exchange networks with the <a href="/wiki/Pima_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima people">Pima</a> in southern Arizona, New Mexico, and with peoples of the Pacific coast.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first significant contact of the Quechan with <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">Europeans</a> was with the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish</a> explorer <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_de_Anza" title="Juan Bautista de Anza">Juan Bautista de Anza</a> and his party in the winter of 1774. Relations were friendly.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Anza's return from his second trip to <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a> in 1776, the <a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">chief</a> of the tribe and three of his men journeyed to <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> to petition the Viceroy of New Spain for the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Mission_(station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission (station)">mission</a>. The chief Palma and his three companions were <a href="/wiki/Baptized" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptized">baptized</a> in Mexico City on February 13, 1777. Palma was given the Spanish baptismal name <i>Salvador Carlos Antonio</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the initial contact had been made, The Quechan people seemed inviting toward <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_de_Anza" title="Juan Bautista de Anza">Juan Bautista de Anza</a>. He promised them to set up a mission where all people would live together instead of in a hierarchy. Alongside the promise, de Anza gave Palma’s people horses, steel weapons, clothes, and iron as a token of allegiance.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This allegiance would soon sour as the bureaucracy of the Spanish Empire would cause major delays to the construction of the missions. When the Spanish’s first gifts arrived in 1780, they would be more of a bad omen than a sign of friendship as the livestock being herded to them would go and trample most of if not all the Quechan’s crops. That year there was severe lack of rain thus forcing the Quechan to raid another nearby tribe known as the <a href="/wiki/Maricopa_people" title="Maricopa people">Maricopa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following year, two high members of the tribe were arrested for allegedly plotting to assassinate a high-ranking officer. One of the natives was placed in stocks to humiliate them and this caused Palma to finally turn his back on the Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spanish settlement among the Quechan did not go smoothly; the tribe rebelled from July 17–19, 1781 and killed four priests and thirty soldiers. They also attacked and damaged the Spanish mission settlements of <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Pedro_y_San_Pablo_de_Bicu%C3%B1er" title="Mission San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuñer">San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuñer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mission_Puerto_de_Pur%C3%ADsima_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Mission Puerto de Purísima Concepción">Puerto de Purísima Concepción</a>, killing many. The following year, the Spanish retaliated with military action against the tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1840, the Quechan people near La Frontera returned to their original ways of religious practice as soon as the mission priests left and no one replaced them.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the United States annexed the territories after winning the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a>, it engaged in the <a href="/wiki/Yuma_War" title="Yuma War">Yuma War</a> from 1850 to 1853 in response to a conflict between the Quechan and <a href="/wiki/Jaeger%27s_Ferry" title="Jaeger's Ferry">Jaeger's Ferry</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Glanton_Gang" class="mw-redirect" title="Glanton Gang">Glanton Gang</a>, after the Quechan had established a rival ferry service on the Colorado River. During which, the historic Fort Yuma was built across the Colorado River from the present day <a href="/wiki/Yuma,_Arizona" title="Yuma, Arizona">Yuma, Arizona</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_Sierra_de_las_Pintas">La Sierra de las Pintas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: La Sierra de las Pintas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sierra de las Pintas was a mountain range that most Spanish expeditions would actively avoid. Spanish explorers were able to see the range, but avoided exploring due to the Quechan informing them that it was uninhabitable and had no drinkable water sources.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Spanish had the Yumans guide them through the Sierra de las Pintas, they would take the Spanish to an area with little to no water in order to discourage further exploration.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Spanish later on attempted to explore the mountain range, searching for water in creative ways. Explorers would follow herds of <a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">Bighorn Sheep</a> up the mountain or by chance would find small patches of vegetation pointing toward a hidden water source.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Yuma_Route">The Yuma Route</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Yuma Route"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Yuma route was a trail that ran from Southern New Mexico and reached <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a>. The trail branched out even further to reach the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Basin" title="Los Angeles Basin">Los Angeles Basin</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gila_River" title="Gila River">Gila River</a>. This route was well established before the arrival of the Spanish, and used as a trade route amongst the tribes of the areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At first, the Spanish used minor portions of the trail. It was not until San Diego and Monterey were established that they needed a more reliable and faster path. The path was first walked by Sebastian Taraval, a <a href="/wiki/Cochim%C3%AD" title="Cochimí">Cochimi</a> indigenous who fled from San Gabriel. Sebastian was then followed by Captain Juan Bautista de Anza. Anza was only able to follow Sebastian to the Imperial Valley Kamia village, where he lost Sebastian and was forced to reach the Quechan people on his own.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quechans_c_1875.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Quechans_c_1875.jpg/250px-Quechans_c_1875.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Quechans_c_1875.jpg/330px-Quechans_c_1875.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Quechans_c_1875.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>Two Quechans in about 1875</figcaption></figure> <p>Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially (see <a href="/wiki/Population_of_Native_California" title="Population of Native California">population of Native California</a>). <a href="/wiki/Alfred_L._Kroeber" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred L. Kroeber">Alfred L. Kroeber</a> (1925:883) put the 1770 population of the Quechan at 2,500. Jack D. Forbes (1965:341–343) compiled historical estimates and suggested that before they were first contacted, the Quechan had numbered 4,000 or a few more. </p><p>Kroeber estimated the population of the Quechan in 1910 as 750. By 1950, there were reported to be just under 1,000 Quechan living on the reservation and more than 1,100 off it (Forbes 1965:343). The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census, 2000">2000 census</a> reported a resident population of 2,376 persons on the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation. As of 2023, there are about 4,000 active members of the tribe living on or near the reservation.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Quechan_language" title="Quechan language">Quechan language</a></div> <p>The Quechan language is part of the <a href="/wiki/Yuman_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuman languages">Yuman language family</a>. </p><p>The Quechan tribe, in partnership with linguists, have created a fully detailed language guide. This guide includes sections about their alphabet along with the different words for actions, animals, the body, colors, directions, family and friends, house, money, nature and the environment, numbers, place names, plants, time, and shapes.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fort_Yuma_Native_American_Reservation">Fort Yuma Native American Reservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fort Yuma Native American Reservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fort_Yuma_Indian_Reservation" title="Fort Yuma Indian Reservation">Fort Yuma Indian Reservation</a></div> <p>The Fort Yuma Indian Reservation is a part of the Quechan's traditional lands. Established in 1884, the reservation, at <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Quechan&params=32_47_N_114_39_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°47′N</span> <span class="longitude">114°39′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.783°N 114.650°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.783; -114.650</span></span></span></a></span></span>, has a land area of 178.197 km<sup>2</sup> (68.802 sq mi) in southeastern <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial County, California</a>, and western <a href="/wiki/Yuma_County,_Arizona" title="Yuma County, Arizona">Yuma County, Arizona</a>, near the city of <a href="/wiki/Yuma,_Arizona" title="Yuma, Arizona">Yuma, Arizona</a>. Both the county and city are named for the tribe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quechan_traditional_narratives" title="Quechan traditional narratives">Quechan traditional narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechan_language" title="Quechan language">Quechan language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Yuma" title="Fort Yuma">Fort Yuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blythe_geoglyphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Blythe geoglyphs">Blythe geoglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2010_Census-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010_Census_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2010/cph-t/t-6tables/TABLE%20(1).pdf">"2010 Census CPH-T-6. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>census.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.gov&rft.atitle=2010+Census+CPH-T-6.+American+Indian+and+Alaska+Native+Tribes+in+the+United+States+and+Puerto+Rico%3A+2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fcen2010%2Fcph-t%2Ft-6tables%2FTABLE%2520%281%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quechantribe.com/about-us.html">"About Us - Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe"</a>. <i>www.quechantribe.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.quechantribe.com&rft.atitle=About+Us+-+Fort+Yuma+Quechan+Indian+Tribe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quechantribe.com%2Fabout-us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLuebering2010" class="citation book cs1">Luebering, J. E. (2010-08-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TnQVJ01VDisC&dq=Yuman-speaking+people+pima&pg=PA101"><i>Native American History</i></a>. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-130-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-130-0"><bdi>978-1-61530-130-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Native+American+History&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group%2C+Inc&rft.date=2010-08-15&rft.isbn=978-1-61530-130-0&rft.aulast=Luebering&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTnQVJ01VDisC%26dq%3DYuman-speaking%2Bpeople%2Bpima%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerrera2015" class="citation book cs1">Herrera, Carlos R. (2015-01-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0lktBgAAQBAJ&dq=Quechan+the+yuma+colony+and+massacre&pg=PA67"><i>Juan Bautista de Anza: The King's Governor in New Mexico</i></a>. University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-4963-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-4963-9"><bdi>978-0-8061-4963-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Juan+Bautista+de+Anza%3A+The+King%27s+Governor+in+New+Mexico&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2015-01-14&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-4963-9&rft.aulast=Herrera&rft.aufirst=Carlos+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0lktBgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DQuechan%2Bthe%2Byuma%2Bcolony%2Band%2Bmassacre%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSantiago2016" class="citation book cs1">Santiago, Mark (2016-12-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1AZsDQAAQBAJ&dq=baptismal+name+Salvador+Carlos+Antonio&pg=PA52"><i>Massacre at the Yuma Crossing: Spanish Relations with the Quechans, 1779-1782</i></a>. University of Arizona Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-3685-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-3685-6"><bdi>978-0-8165-3685-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Massacre+at+the+Yuma+Crossing%3A+Spanish+Relations+with+the+Quechans%2C+1779-1782&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=2016-12-15&rft.isbn=978-0-8165-3685-6&rft.aulast=Santiago&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1AZsDQAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dbaptismal%2Bname%2BSalvador%2BCarlos%2BAntonio%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFService1993" class="citation book cs1">Service, United States National Park (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RY1aAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA90"><i>The Spanish Missionary Heritage of the United States: Selected Papers and Commentaries from the November 1990 Quincentenary Symposium</i></a>. United States Department of the Interior/National Park Service.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Missionary+Heritage+of+the+United+States%3A+Selected+Papers+and+Commentaries+from+the+November+1990+Quincentenary+Symposium&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+the+Interior%2FNational+Park+Service&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Service&rft.aufirst=United+States+National+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRY1aAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawrenceLawrence2016" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Deborah; Lawrence, Jon (2016-04-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h6_xCwAAQBAJ&dq=Quechan+rebellion&pg=PT236"><i>Contesting the Borderlands: Interviews on the Early Southwest</i></a>. University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-5509-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-5509-8"><bdi>978-0-8061-5509-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contesting+the+Borderlands%3A+Interviews+on+the+Early+Southwest&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-5509-8&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.au=Lawrence%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh6_xCwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DQuechan%2Brebellion%26pg%3DPT236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPorcayo-Michelini2022" class="citation journal cs1">Porcayo-Michelini, Antonio (2022-07-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1947461x.2022.2121023">"Yuman Rebels of Antigua California: Colonial Resistance in a Hostile Environment?"</a>. <i>California Archaeology</i>. <b>14</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">103–</span>132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1947461x.2022.2121023">10.1080/1947461x.2022.2121023</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1947-461X">1947-461X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252324718">252324718</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Yuman+Rebels+of+Antigua+California%3A+Colonial+Resistance+in+a+Hostile+Environment%3F&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E103-%3C%2Fspan%3E132&rft.date=2022-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A252324718%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1947-461X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1947461x.2022.2121023&rft.aulast=Porcayo-Michelini&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F1947461x.2022.2121023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFForbes1964" class="citation journal cs1">Forbes, Jack D. (1964-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25155639">"The Development of the Yuma Route before 1846"</a>. <i>California Historical Society Quarterly</i>. <b>43</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">99–</span>118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F25155639">10.2307/25155639</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-1175">0008-1175</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25155639">25155639</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Historical+Society+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+the+Yuma+Route+before+1846&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E99-%3C%2Fspan%3E118&rft.date=1964-06-01&rft.issn=0008-1175&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25155639%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F25155639&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Jack+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2F25155639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tentribespartnership.org/tribes/fort-yuma-quechan-indian-tribe/">"Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe"</a>. <i>Keepers of the River</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Keepers+of+the+River&rft.atitle=Fort+Yuma+Quechan+Indian+Tribe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftentribespartnership.org%2Ftribes%2Ffort-yuma-quechan-indian-tribe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quechantribe.com/departments-quechan-language-preservation.html">"Departments - Quechan Language Preservation - Fort Yuma Quechan Indian Tribe"</a>. <i>www.quechantribe.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.quechantribe.com&rft.atitle=Departments+-+Quechan+Language+Preservation+-+Fort+Yuma+Quechan+Indian+Tribe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quechantribe.com%2Fdepartments-quechan-language-preservation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFForbes1965" class="citation book cs1">Forbes, Jack D. (1965). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warriorsofcolora0000forb"><i>Warriors of the Colorado: The Yumas of the Quechan Nation and Their Neighbors</i></a></span>. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warriors+of+the+Colorado%3A+The+Yumas+of+the+Quechan+Nation+and+Their+Neighbors&rft.place=Norman&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Jack+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarriorsofcolora0000forb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKroeber1925" class="citation book cs1">Kroeber, A. L. (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bulletin781925smit"><i>Handbook of the Indians of California</i></a>. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. Vol. 78. Washington, DC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+Indians+of+California&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=Bureau+of+American+Ethnology+Bulletin&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Kroeber&rft.aufirst=A.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbulletin781925smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPritzker2000" class="citation book cs1">Pritzker, Barry M. (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nativeamericanen0000prit"><i>A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples</i></a></span>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513877-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513877-1"><bdi>978-0-19-513877-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Native+American+Encyclopedia%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Peoples&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513877-1&rft.aulast=Pritzker&rft.aufirst=Barry+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnativeamericanen0000prit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Zappia, Natale A. (2014). <i>Traders and Raiders: The Indigenous World of the Colorado Basin, 1540–1859.</i> Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"Yuma Reservation, California/Arizona"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=Yuma+Reservation%2C+California%2FArizona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuechan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/60px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Arizona" title="Indigenous peoples of Arizona">Indigenous peoples</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary peoples native to Arizona</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemehuevi" title="Chemehuevi">Chemehuevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiricahua" title="Chiricahua">Chiricahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocopah" title="Cocopah">Cocopah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halchidhoma" title="Halchidhoma">Halchidhoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havasupai" title="Havasupai">Havasupai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualapai" title="Hualapai">Hualapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maricopa_people" title="Maricopa people">Maricopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo people">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Paiute" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Paiute">Southern Paiute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima people">Pima</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quechan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewa" title="Tewa">Tewa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hopi-Tewa" title="Hopi-Tewa">Hopi-Tewa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BCodham" title="Oʼodham">Oʼodham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%CA%BCodham_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tohono Oʼodham people">Tohono Oʼodham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima people">Akimel O'odham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonto_Apache" title="Tonto Apache">Tonto Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_people" title="Ute people">Southern Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Apache_people" title="Western Apache people">Western Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavapai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavapai people">Yavapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_people" title="Zuni people">Zuni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistoric cultures in Arizona</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Pueblo</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancestral_Puebloan_dwellings_in_Arizona" title="List of Ancestral Puebloan dwellings in Arizona">dwellings</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketmaker_culture" title="Basketmaker culture">Basketmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohonina" title="Cohonina">Cohonina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam">Hohokam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patayan" title="Patayan">Patayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salado_culture" title="Salado culture">Salado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinagua" title="Sinagua">Sinagua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_Arizona" title="List of Indian reservations in Arizona">List of Indian reservations in Arizona</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=California&#124;link=California_Indigenous_peoples_of_California145" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#deb887;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Template:Indigenous peoples of California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Template talk:Indigenous peoples of California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous peoples of California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=California&#124;link=California_Indigenous_peoples_of_California145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California"><img alt="California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/45px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">Indigenous peoples of California</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achomawi" title="Achomawi">Achomawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acjachemen" title="Acjachemen">Acjachemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahwahnechee" title="Ahwahnechee">Ahwahnechee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atsugewi" title="Atsugewi">Atsugewi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Miwok" title="Bay Miwok">Bay Miwok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saklan_tribe" title="Saklan tribe">Saklan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemehuevi" title="Chemehuevi">Chemehuevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimariko_people" title="Chimariko people">Chimariko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Miwok" title="Coast Miwok">Coast Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o" title="Cupeño">Cupeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_River_Athapaskan_peoples" title="Eel River Athapaskan peoples">Eel River Athapaskans</a> (Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esselen" title="Esselen">Esselen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halchidhoma" title="Halchidhoma">Halchidhoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hupa" title="Hupa">Hupa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chilula" title="Chilula">Chilula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whilkut" title="Whilkut">Whilkut</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuk" title="Karuk">Karuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahto" title="Cahto">Cahto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaiisu" title="Kawaiisu">Kawaiisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitanemuk" title="Kitanemuk">Kitanemuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizh" title="Kizh">Kizh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a> (Diegueño, Ipai, Tipai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Miwok" title="Lake Miwok">Lake Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o" title="Luiseño">Luiseño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidu" title="Maidu">Maidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattole" title="Mattole">Mattole</a> (Bear River)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechoopda" title="Mechoopda">Mechoopda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_people" title="Modoc people">Modoc</a> (Klamath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_people" title="Mono people">Mono</a> (Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisenan" title="Nisenan">Nisenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomlaki" title="Nomlaki">Nomlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Paiute" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Paiute">Northern Paiute</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kucadikadi" title="Kucadikadi">Kucadikadi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone" title="Ohlone">Ohlone</a> <ul><li>Costanoan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaytush" title="Ramaytush">Ramaytush</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patwin" title="Patwin">Patwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo" title="Pomo">Pomo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quechan</a> (Yuma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinan" title="Salinan">Salinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrano_people" title="Serrano people">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_people" title="Shasta people">Shasta</a> (Konomihu, Okwanuchu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tataviam" title="Tataviam">Tataviam</a> (Fernandeño)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbisha" title="Timbisha">Timbisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolowa" title="Tolowa">Tolowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongva" title="Tongva">Tongva</a> (Gabrieliño)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbatulabal" title="Tübatulabal">Tübatulabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_and_Sierra_Miwok" title="Plains and Sierra Miwok">Plains and Sierra Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanyume" title="Vanyume">Vanyume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wappo" title="Wappo">Wappo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washoe_people" title="Washoe people">Washoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintu" title="Wintu">Wintu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiyot" title="Wiyot">Wiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wukchumni" title="Wukchumni">Wukchumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yana_people" title="Yana people">Yana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokuts" title="Yokuts">Yokuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuki_people" title="Yuki people">Yuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurok" title="Yurok">Yurok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Imperial_County,_California,_United_States597" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial_County,_California" title="Template:Imperial County, California"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Imperial_County,_California" title="Template talk:Imperial County, California"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial_County,_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial County, California"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Imperial_County,_California,_United_States597" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California"><span class="region">Imperial County, California</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/El_Centro,_California" title="El Centro, California"><span>El Centro</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_California" title="List of municipalities in California">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brawley,_California" title="Brawley, California">Brawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calexico,_California" title="Calexico, California">Calexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calipatria,_California" title="Calipatria, California">Calipatria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Centro,_California" title="El Centro, California">El Centro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holtville,_California" title="Holtville, California">Holtville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_California" title="Imperial, California">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland,_California" title="Westmorland, California">Westmorland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Imperial County map"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Map_of_California_highlighting_Imperial_County.svg/87px-Map_of_California_highlighting_Imperial_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="87" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Map_of_California_highlighting_Imperial_County.svg/130px-Map_of_California_highlighting_Imperial_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Map_of_California_highlighting_Imperial_County.svg/174px-Map_of_California_highlighting_Imperial_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="916" data-file-height="1054" /></span><figcaption>Imperial County map</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Beach,_California" title="Bombay Beach, California">Bombay Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Shores,_California" title="Desert Shores, California">Desert Shores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Centro_Naval_Air_Facility,_California_(CDP)" class="mw-redirect" title="El Centro Naval Air Facility, California (CDP)">El Centro Naval Air Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber,_California" title="Heber, California">Heber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niland,_California" title="Niland, California">Niland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocotillo,_California" title="Ocotillo, California">Ocotillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Verde,_California" title="Palo Verde, California">Palo Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_City,_California" title="Salton City, California">Salton City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea_Beach,_California" title="Salton Sea Beach, California">Salton Sea Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeley,_California" title="Seeley, California">Seeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterhaven,_California" title="Winterhaven, California">Winterhaven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamorio,_California" title="Alamorio, California">Alamorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrade,_California" title="Andrade, California">Andrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bard,_California" title="Bard, California">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonds_Corner,_California" title="Bonds Corner, California">Bonds Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Park,_California" title="Boulder Park, California">Boulder Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_Wells,_California" title="Coyote Wells, California">Coyote Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixieland,_California" title="Dixieland, California">Dixieland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felicity,_California" title="Felicity, California">Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamis,_California" title="Glamis, California">Glamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kane_Spring,_California" title="Kane Spring, California">Kane Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meloland,_California" title="Meloland, California">Meloland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Signal,_California" title="Mount Signal, California">Mount Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obregon,_California" title="Obregon, California">Obregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picacho,_California" title="Picacho, California">Picacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaster_City,_California" title="Plaster City, California">Plaster City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwood,_California" title="Rockwood, California">Rockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_City,_California" title="Slab City, California">Slab City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian<br />reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Yuma_Indian_Reservation" title="Fort Yuma Indian Reservation">Fort Yuma Indian Reservation</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres-Martinez_Indian_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Torres-Martinez Indian Reservation">Torres-Martinez Indian Reservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Gaston" title="Camp Gaston">Camp Gaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrizo_Creek_Station" title="Carrizo Creek Station">Carrizo Creek Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedges,_California" title="Hedges, California">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wells,_Imperial_County,_California" title="Indian Wells, Imperial County, California">Indian Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaeger_City,_California" title="Jaeger City, California">Jaeger City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogilby,_California" title="Ogilby, California">Ogilby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paringa,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Paringa, California">Paringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_Knob_Station" title="Pilot Knob Station">Pilot Knob Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potholes,_California" title="Potholes, California">Potholes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sackett%27s_Wells,_California" title="Sackett's Wells, California">Sackett's Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silsbee,_California" title="Silsbee, California">Silsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedges,_California" title="Hedges, California">Tumco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:California_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:California (state)"><span>California portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox506" 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