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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Biografie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beginjaren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginjaren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Beginjaren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginjaren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Metropolitan Opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boston_Symphony_Orchestra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boston_Symphony_Orchestra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Boston Symphony Orchestra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boston_Symphony_Orchestra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beschuldigingen_seksueel_misbruik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beschuldigingen_seksueel_misbruik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Beschuldigingen seksueel misbruik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beschuldigingen_seksueel_misbruik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overlijden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overlijden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Overlijden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overlijden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Beschikbaar in 32 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جيمس لورانس ليفين – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمس لورانس ليفين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جيمس لورانس ليفين – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس لورانس ليفين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جیمز لواین – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز لواین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ג'יימס לוויין – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יימס לוויין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ジェームズ・レヴァイン – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェームズ・レヴァイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A6%AC%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B8" title="제임스 리바인 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제임스 리바인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeimss_Levains" title="Džeimss Levains – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džeimss Levains" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Ливайн, Джеймс – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ливайн, Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James Levine" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Джеймс Лівайн – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Лівайн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%87" title="詹姆斯·莱文 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="詹姆斯·莱文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q336388#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#F0E68C; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">James Levine </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:James_Levine_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="James Levine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/James_Levine_2013.jpg/266px-James_Levine_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/James_Levine_2013.jpg/399px-James_Levine_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/James_Levine_2013.jpg/532px-James_Levine_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3520" data-file-height="3256" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#F0E68C; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Algemene informatie </th></tr> <tr> <th>Volledige naam </th> <td colspan="2">James Lawrence Levine </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboren </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/23_juni" title="23 juni">23 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a><span style="float:right"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336388?uselang=nl#P19" title="Bewerken op Wikidata"><img alt="Bewerken op Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overleden </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/9_maart" title="9 maart">9 maart</a> <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overlijdensplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_(Californi%C3%AB)" title="Palm Springs (Californië)">Palm Springs</a><span style="float:right"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336388?uselang=nl#P20" title="Bewerken op Wikidata"><img alt="Bewerken op Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Land </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van de Verenigde Staten"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Staten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde Staten (hoofdbetekenis)">Verenigde Staten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#F0E68C; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Werk </th></tr> <tr> <th>Beroep </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dirigent" title="Dirigent">dirigent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#F0E68C; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000155653">AllMusic-profiel</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/696260">Discogs-profiel</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0505824/">IMDb-profiel</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/37a2d213-9c2b-4216-a02c-10b1e150c130/">MusicBrainz-profiel</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:#F0E68C; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Muziek" title="Portaal:Muziek">Muziek</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>James Lawrence Levine</b> (<a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_(staat)" title="Ohio (staat)">Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/23_juni" title="23 juni">23 juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> – <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_(Californi%C3%AB)" title="Palm Springs (Californië)">Palm Springs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Californi%C3%AB" title="Californië">Californië</a>, <a href="/wiki/9_maart" title="9 maart">9 maart</a> <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Amerikaans</a> dirigent. Hij werd vooral bekend als directeur muziek van de <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> (Met) in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(stad)" title="New York (stad)">New York</a>, een functie die hij bekleedde van 1976 tot 2016. Vanaf 1972 was hij er chef-dirigent. Hij bekleedde tevens de functie van directeur muziek van 2004 tot 2011 bij het <a href="/wiki/Boston_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Boston Symphony Orchestra">Boston Symphony Orchestra</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginjaren">Beginjaren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Beginjaren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Beginjaren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Levine groeide op in een muzikaal gezin: zijn grootvader van moederskant was <a href="/wiki/Chazan" title="Chazan">cantor</a> in een <a href="/wiki/Synagoge" title="Synagoge">synagoge</a>, zijn vader, die een dansorkest leidde, was <a href="/wiki/Violist" class="mw-redirect" title="Violist">violist</a> en zijn moeder was actrice. Hij begon al vroeg piano te spelen. Op zijn tiende jaar debuteerde hij met het <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra">Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra</a> met <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn_Bartholdy" title="Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy">Felix Mendelssohns</a> <i>Pianoconcert nr. 2</i>. </p><p>Levine studeerde daarna bij <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Levin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Levin (de pagina bestaat niet)">Walter Levin</a>, eerste violist van het <a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Salle_Quartet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Salle Quartet (de pagina bestaat niet)">La Salle Quartet</a>. Vanaf 1956 nam hij pianoles bij <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Serkin" title="Rudolf Serkin">Rudolf Serkin</a> aan de Marlboro Music School in <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>. Ook studeerde hij bij Rosina Lhévinne aan de Aspen Music School. Nadat hij zijn studie aan de Walnut Hills High School had voltooid ging hij in 1961 naar de <a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School of Music</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(stad)" title="New York (stad)">New York</a> waar hij dirigeerles kreeg van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Morel_(dirigent)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Morel (dirigent) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Jean Morel</a>. Nadat hij daar in 1964 afstudeerde, nam hij deel aan het <i>American Conductors</i> project, verbonden aan het <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Baltimore Symphony Orchestra">Baltimore Symphony Orchestra</a>. </p><p>Van 1964 tot 1965 was Levine leerling van <a href="/wiki/George_Szell" title="George Szell">George Szell</a> bij het <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Orchestra" title="Cleveland Orchestra">Cleveland Orchestra</a>, waar hij vervolgens als assistent-dirigent werkte tot 1970. In dat jaar debuteerde hij als gastdirigent bij het <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Orchestra" title="Philadelphia Orchestra">Philadelphia Orchestra</a>, en ook bij de Welsh National Opera en de <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Opera" title="San Francisco Opera">San Francisco Opera</a>. Levine was langdurig verbonden aan het <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chicago Symphony Orchestra">Chicago Symphony Orchestra</a> en van 1973 tot 1993 was hij <a href="/wiki/Artistiek_leider" title="Artistiek leider">artistiek leider</a> van het Ravinia Festival. In 1990 arrangeerde hij op verzoek van <a href="/wiki/Roy_Edward_Disney" title="Roy Edward Disney">Roy E. Disney</a> de muziek van de film <a href="/wiki/Fantasia_2000" title="Fantasia 2000">Fantasia 2000</a> (uitgebracht door <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Walt Disney Pictures</a>) en nam hij samen met het Chicago Symphony Orchestra de soundtrack op. Ook was hij van 1974 tot 1978 ook artistiek leider van het Cincinnati May Festival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_Opera">Metropolitan Opera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Metropolitan Opera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Metropolitan Opera"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het debuut van Levine bij de Metropolitan Opera vond plaats in <a href="/wiki/Juni" title="Juni">juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> tijdens een festivaluitvoering van <i><a href="/wiki/Tosca" title="Tosca">Tosca</a></i>. Het succes dat hij daarmee kreeg leidde tot verdere optredens en uiteindelijk tot zijn benoeming als chef-dirigent in <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>. In <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a> werd hij tevens <i>music director</i>. In 1983 was hij samen met de Met verantwoordelijk voor de muzikale aspecten van de verfilming van <i><a href="/wiki/La_traviata" title="La traviata">La traviata</a></i> door <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a>. In 1986 werd hij de eerste artistieke leider van de Met,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> een titel die hij in 2004 weer opgaf. </p><p>Onder zijn leiderschap zijn het koor en orkest van de Metropolitan Opera beide uitgegroeid tot een van de meest vooraanstaande orkesten en koren ter wereld.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toen hij als <i>general manager</i> van de Met werd benoemd, benadrukte Peter Gelb dat zelfs na 35 jaar, wat een uitzonderlijk lange periode genoemd mag worden in de wereld van de belangrijke operahuizen en concertzalen, James Levine zo lang mocht blijven als hij zou willen [dirigeren]. </p><p>Levine heeft een ontelbaar aantal nieuwe producties van werken van <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Gioachino Rossini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sch%C3%B6nberg" title="Arnold Schönberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Kurt Weill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a> en <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> verzorgd. Voor het 25-jarig jubileum van zijn indiensttreding bij de Met dirigeerde Levine de wereldpremière van <a href="/wiki/John_Harbison" title="John Harbison">John Harbisons</a> <i>The Great Gatsby</i>, een stuk dat ter gelegenheid van het jubileum is gecomponeerd. </p><p>In 2016 nam hij afscheid als directeur muziek, naar eigen zeggen om gezondheidsredenen, maar bleef actief als gastdirigent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boston_Symphony_Orchestra">Boston Symphony Orchestra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Boston Symphony Orchestra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Boston Symphony Orchestra"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In oktober 2004 werd Levine chef-dirigent van het Boston Symphony Orchestra, als opvolger van <a href="/wiki/Seiji_Ozawa" title="Seiji Ozawa">Seiji Ozawa</a>, en werd daarmee de eerste dirigent van het BSO die in Amerika geboren is. Hij verdeelde zijn tijd tussen <a href="/wiki/New_York_(stad)" title="New York (stad)">New York</a> en <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>. Om die reden werd weleens de vergelijking getrokken met <a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Karajan" title="Herbert von Karajan">Herbert von Karajan</a>, die iets dergelijks deed in de jaren vijftig, toen hij chef-dirigent was van de <a href="/wiki/Berliner_Philharmoniker" title="Berliner Philharmoniker">Berliner Philharmoniker</a> en dirigent bij de <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Staatsoper" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiener Staatsoper">Wiener Staatsoper</a>. </p><p>Op 1 maart 2006 viel hij van het podium na een optreden met het Boston Symphony Orchestra en beschadigde zijn rechterschouder, waarvoor hij geopereerd moest worden. Hij keerde weer terug op het podium op <a href="/wiki/7_juli" title="7 juli">7 juli</a> <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> en dirigeerde het Boston Symphony Orchestra als vanouds op <a href="/wiki/Tanglewood" title="Tanglewood">Tanglewood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op 1 september 2011 beëindigde hij er zijn chef-dirigentschap. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europa">Europa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Europa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Europa"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Levines contract met Boston Symphony beperkte zijn gastoptredens bij Amerikaanse orkesten. Levine dirigeerde wel regelmatig in Europa, bij de <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Philharmoniker" title="Wiener Philharmoniker">Wiener Philharmoniker</a>, de Berliner Philharmoniker en op de <a href="/wiki/Bayreuther_Festspiele" title="Bayreuther Festspiele">Bayreuther Festspiele</a>. Ook was hij regelmatig te gast bij het <a href="/wiki/Philharmonia_Orchestra" title="Philharmonia Orchestra">Philharmonia Orchestra</a> in Londen en bij de <a href="/wiki/Staatskapelle_Dresden" title="Staatskapelle Dresden">Staatskapelle Dresden</a>. Vanaf 1975 trad hij op op de <a href="/wiki/Salzburger_Festspiele" title="Salzburger Festspiele">Salzburger Festspiele</a> en het jaarlijkse festival in juli in Verbier (Zwitserland). Van 1999 tot 2004 was Levine de opvolger van <a href="/wiki/Sergiu_Celibidache" title="Sergiu Celibidache">Sergiu Celibidache</a> als chef-dirigent van de <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchner_Philharmoniker" title="Münchner Philharmoniker">Münchner Philharmoniker</a>, waar hij zich met name belastte met het verbeteren van de speeldiscipline.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Levine was verbonden aan het UBS Verbier Festival Orkest in Zwitserland, en heeft het orkest gedirigeerd en ondersteund sinds de oprichting in 2000. Levine zei daarover zelf in een interview: </p> <blockquote><p>"Op mijn leeftijd ben je nu eenmaal vanzelf geneigd tot lesgeven. Je wilt aan de volgende generatie overdragen wat je zelf hebt geleerd, zodat ze niet zo veel tijd hoeven te besteden om het wiel opnieuw uit te vinden. Ik had het geluk dat ik de juiste mentoren en leraren op het juiste moment tegenkwam."</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beschuldigingen_seksueel_misbruik">Beschuldigingen seksueel misbruik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Beschuldigingen seksueel misbruik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Beschuldigingen seksueel misbruik"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op 3 december 2017 schorste de Metropolitan Opera hem als dirigent en annuleerde het alle voorstellingen met Levine na meerdere beschuldigingen van seksueel misbruik aan zijn adres, onder meer als dirigent van het St. Paul Kamerorkest. Volgens de aantijgingen zou hij met mannelijke muzikanten, tegen hun wil, seksuele handelingen hebben verricht. Een dag eerder had de Met al bekendgemaakt een onderzoek te starten naar een officiële aanklacht van seksueel misbruik van een minderjarige door Levine, dat in de jaren tachtig zou hebben plaatsgevonden. Naar eigen zeggen was de Met al sinds oktober 2016 op de hoogte van deze laatste beschuldiging, maar wachtte het met maatregelen nemen totdat de politie zijn onderzoeksrapport zou hebben afgerond. Van de politie werd echter niets meer vernomen, zo liet het operahuis weten. Toen de aantijging in december 2017 in de openbaarheid kwam, ondernam de Met alsnog actie. De volgende dag meldden zich nog eens enkele mannen die beweerden als tiener door Levine seksueel te zijn lastiggevallen. Deze verwijten gingen terug tot 1968. De Met besloot daarop dezelfde dag nog tot schorsing over te gaan.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In maart 2018 werd hij door de Met ontslagen wegens intimidatie en seksueel misbruik. Levine eiste vervolgens van de Met 5,8 miljoen US-dollar schadevergoeding en 'herstel van de goede naam, reputatie en carrière'. Tegelijkertijd betichtte hij zijn voormalige werkgever van contractbreuk en laster.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overlijden">Overlijden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Overlijden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Overlijden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Levine leed aan de <a href="/wiki/Ziekte_van_Parkinson" title="Ziekte van Parkinson">ziekte van Parkinson</a> en had problemen met de ruggengraat na een val in 2006, waardoor hij gebruik moest maken van een rolstoel.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Levine overleed begin maart 2021 op 77-jarige leeftijd in Palm Springs, Californië.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67645038">.mw-parser-output .link-portaal{float:right;clear:right;padding:0.5em;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;font-size:85%;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .link-portaal{float:none;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0}}</style><div class="link-portaal noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portaal:Klassieke_muziek" title="Portaal:Klassieke muziek">Portaal Klassieke muziek</a></div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;-moz-column-width:30em; -webkit-column-width:30em; column-width:30em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Martin Kettle</span>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/friday_review/story/0,,398525,00.html">Staying power</a>", <i>The Guardian</i>, <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2000-11-17">17 november 2000</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Will Crutchfield</span>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE3DC163EF932A25752C1A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all">From the Pit at the Met, the Sound of Success</a>", <i>New York Times</i>, <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1990-11-11">11 november 1990</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2006/03/31/a_maestro_on_the_mend/">Carol Beggy and Mark Shanahan, "A maestro on the mend"</a>, <i>Boston Globe</i>, 31 maart 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Anthony Tommasini</span>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B06E1D61E3FF93AA25751C0A9649C8B63">Clarity and Atmospherics, Courtesy of Levine</a>", <i>New York Times</i>, <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2002-02-19">19 februari 2002</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Cooper, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/03/arts/music/james-levine-met-opera.html?&hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news">Met Opera Suspends James Levine After New Sexual Abuse Accusations</a>, The New York Times, 3 december 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Cooper, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/02/arts/music/james-levine-sexual-misconduct-met-opera.html">Met Opera to Investigate James Levine Over Sexual Abuse Accusation</a>, The New York Times, 2 december 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230513025834/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/02/arts/music/james-levine-sexual-misconduct-met-opera.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op 13 mei 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Iñaki Oñorbe Genovesi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkskrant.nl/theater/james-levine-die-ontslagen-werd-door-new-yorkse-met-opera-wegens-misbruik-eist-4-7-miljoen-euro-schadevergoeding~a4581268/">James Levine, die ontslagen werd door New Yorkse Met Opera wegens misbruik, eist 4,7 miljoen euro schadevergoeding</a>, de Volkskrant, 16 maart 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180328075906/https://www.volkskrant.nl/theater/james-levine-die-ontslagen-werd-door-new-yorkse-met-opera-wegens-misbruik-eist-4-7-miljoen-euro-schadevergoeding~a4581268/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 28 maart 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2016"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klara.be/new-york-metropolitan-opera-dirigent-james-levine-gaat-met-pensioen">New York Metropolitan Opera: dirigent James Levine gaat met pensioen.</a>. <i>Klara - Blijf verwonderd</i> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2016-04-15">15 april 2016</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220406132117/https://klara.be/new-york-metropolitan-opera-dirigent-james-levine-gaat-met-pensioen">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-04-06">6 april 2022</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFFout:_ongeldige_tijd."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2021/03/17/van-wereldberoemd-operadirigent-tot-gevallen-ster-a4036140">Van wereldberoemd operadirigent tot gevallen ster</a>. <a href="/wiki/NRC_Handelsblad" class="mw-redirect" title="NRC Handelsblad">NRC Handelsblad</a> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-03-17">17 maart 2021</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230722015451/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2021/03/17/van-wereldberoemd-operadirigent-tot-gevallen-ster-a4036140">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-07-22">22 juli 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style><div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bibliografische informatie" data-collapsetext="Inklappen" data-expandtext="Uitklappen"><div id="Bibliografische_informatie" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bibliografische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie">Bibliografische informatie</a></div><div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content plainlist ta-left"><ul style="column-width:36em"><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">Bibsys</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99039384">99039384</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX999247">XX999247</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138966018">cb138966018</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138966018">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A0leg_d%27autoritats_de_noms_i_t%C3%ADtols_de_Catalunya" title="Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya">Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058601966406706">981058601966406706</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04029252?l=en">DA04029252</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118840525">118840525</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000122771453">0000 0001 2277 1453</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81047575">n81047575</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Letland" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland">Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000091995&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000091995</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/37a2d213-9c2b-4216-a02c-10b1e150c130">37a2d213-9c2b-4216-a02c-10b1e150c130</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië">Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0032632&CON_LNG=ENG">xx0032632</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_bibliotheek_van_Australi%C3%AB" title="Nationale bibliotheek van Australië">Nationale bibliotheek van Australië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35712524">35712524</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël">Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007264555205171">987007264555205171</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Polen" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen">Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000002275110">a0000002275110</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_en_Universitaire_bibliotheek_Zagreb" title="Nationale en Universitaire bibliotheek Zagreb">Nationale en Universitaire bibliotheek Zagreb</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000298628&local_base=nsk10">000298628</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1006" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1006">Nederlandse Thesaurus van Auteursnamen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070656371">070656371</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/R%C3%89RO" title="RÉRO">Réseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A003517080">02-A003517080</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=RAVV090543">RAVV090543</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/284076">284076</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6kp8147">w6kp8147</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">Système universitaire de documentation</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/078077133">078077133</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1053417">1053417</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/19660880">19660880</a></span></li><li><b></b> <b><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></b> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/19660880">19660880</a></li></ul></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&oldid=65132952">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Levine&oldid=65132952</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Amerikaans_dirigent" title="Categorie:Amerikaans dirigent">Amerikaans dirigent</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze 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