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class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom_and_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom_and_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>United Kingdom and Ireland</span> </div> </a> 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Oceania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.2</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.2.1</span> <span>Early days</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration_waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration_waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.2.2</span> <span>Immigration waves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration_waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.2.3</span> <span>Community</span> </div> </a> <ul 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%85_%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ශ්‍රී ලංකා සම්භවයක් සහිත දෙමළ ඩයස්පෝරාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශ්‍රී ලංකා සම්භවයක් සහිත දෙමළ ඩයස්පෝරාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="புலம்பெயர் ஈழத்தமிழர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புலம்பெயர் ஈழத்தமிழர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7586050#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Tamils_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sri Lanka Tamils (disambiguation)">Sri Lanka Tamils (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>புலம்பெயர் ஈழத் தமிழர்</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Srilankan_Tamil_Diaspora_-_Worldwide.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Srilankan_Tamil_Diaspora_-_Worldwide.png/220px-Srilankan_Tamil_Diaspora_-_Worldwide.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Srilankan_Tamil_Diaspora_-_Worldwide.png/330px-Srilankan_Tamil_Diaspora_-_Worldwide.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Srilankan_Tamil_Diaspora_-_Worldwide.png/440px-Srilankan_Tamil_Diaspora_-_Worldwide.png 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">887,000 (estimated)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Canada"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">~157,000 (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-canada_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canada-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">~120,000 (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">~100,000 (2005)<sup id="cite_ref-AK_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AK-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">~60,000 (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-g_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">~50,000 (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Switzerland"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">~35,000 (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Singapore"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">~30,000 (1985)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">~25,000 (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Malaysia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">~24,436 (1970)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Norway"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">~10,000 (2000)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Denmark"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">~9,000 (2003)<sup id="cite_ref-VM_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VM-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Sweden"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">~6,000 (2000)<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Predominantly <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saivite" class="mw-redirect" title="Saivite">Saivite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavite</a> sects with a <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> minority</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Indian Tamils</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Burghers" title="Portuguese Burghers">Portuguese Burghers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Sinhalese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Moors" title="Sri Lankan Moors">Sri Lankan Moors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vedda_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedda people">Veddas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Giraavaru_people" title="Giraavaru people">Giraavarus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Dravidian people">Dravidian people</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora</b> refers to the global <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Tamils_(native)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lanka Tamils (native)">Sri Lankan Tamil</a> origin. It can be said to be a subset of the larger <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_diaspora" title="Sri Lankan diaspora">Sri Lankan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_diaspora" title="Tamil diaspora">Tamil diaspora</a>. </p><p>Like other diasporas, Sri Lankan Tamils are scattered and dispersed around the globe, with concentrations in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Tamil" title="Category:Tamil">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0 5px; background:#e7e7e7; font-size:150%"><a href="/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils">Tamils</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tamil_distribution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tamil_distribution.png/150px-Tamil_distribution.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tamil_distribution.png/225px-Tamil_distribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tamil_distribution.png/300px-Tamil_distribution.png 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="1858" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%; background-color: #e7e7e7;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Tamils#History" title="Tamils">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="History of Tamil Nadu">History of Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sri_Lanka" title="History of Sri Lanka">History of Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_of_ancient_Tamil_history" title="Sources of ancient Tamil history">Sources of ancient Tamil history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangam_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangam period">Sangam period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keezhadi_excavation_site" title="Keezhadi excavation site">Keezhadi excavation site</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamilakam" title="Tamilakam">Tamilakam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ancient_Tamil_country" title="Agriculture in ancient Tamil country">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_ancient_Tamil_country" title="Economy of ancient Tamil country">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_ancient_Tamil_country" title="Education in ancient Tamil country">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_in_ancient_Tamil_country" title="Industry in ancient Tamil country">Industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Tamil_history" title="Chronology of Tamil history">Chronology of Tamil history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam" title="Eelam">Eelam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tamil_monarchs" title="List of Tamil monarchs">Tamil Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamilization" title="Tamilization">Tamilization</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%; background-color: #e7e7e7;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_culture" title="Tamil culture">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_literature" title="Tamil literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_books_of_Law" title="Tamil books of Law">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_numerals" title="Tamil numerals">Numeral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha_medicine" title="Siddha medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Music of Tamil Nadu">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_calendar" title="Tamil calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%; background-color: #e7e7e7;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_of_India_by_Tamil_speakers" title="States of India by Tamil speakers">Indian Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils" title="Sri Lankan Tamils">Sri Lankan Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Tamils" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Tamils">Malaysian Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Tamils" title="Singapore Tamils">Singapore Tamils</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%; background-color: #e7e7e7;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_diaspora" title="Tamil diaspora">Tamil diaspora</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Tamil_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Tamil diaspora">Indian Tamil diaspora</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Tamil_diaspora" title="Malaysian Tamil diaspora">Malaysian Tamil diaspora</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Australians" title="Tamil Australians">Tamil Australians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_France" title="Tamils in France">French Tamils</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Tamils" title="British Tamils">British Tamils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_Italy" title="Tamils in Italy">Tamil Italians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Indonesians" title="Tamil Indonesians">Tamil Indonesians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Canadians" title="Tamil Canadians">Tamil Canadians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_South_Africans" title="Tamil South Africans">Tamil South Africans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Tamils" title="Myanmar Tamils">Myanmar Tamils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Mauritian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Mauritian">Tamil Mauritians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Germans" title="Tamil Germans">Tamil Germans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_Pakistan" title="Tamils in Pakistan">Tamil Pakistanis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Seychellois" title="Tamil Seychellois">Tamil Seychellois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_New_Zealander" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil New Zealander">Tamil New Zealanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Tamils" title="Swiss Tamils">Swiss Tamils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamils in the Netherlands">Dutch Tamils</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%; background-color: #e7e7e7;color: var(--color-base)">Religion</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Tamil_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in ancient Tamil country">Religion in ancient Tamil country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Religion in Tamil Nadu">Religion in Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Hindu">Tamil Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Hinduism in Tamil Nadu">Hinduism in Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Hinduism in Sri Lanka">Hinduism in Sri Lanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Buddhism">Tamil Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Jain" title="Tamil Jain">Tamil Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Muslim" title="Tamil Muslim">Tamil Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Christianity in Tamil Nadu">Christianity in Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%; background-color: #e7e7e7;color: var(--color-base)">Politics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Politics of Tamil Nadu">Politics of Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_nationalism" title="Dravidian nationalism">Dravidian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Nationalism">Tamil Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_nationalism" title="Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism">Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Word_Tamil.svg/16px-Word_Tamil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Word_Tamil.svg/24px-Word_Tamil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Word_Tamil.svg/32px-Word_Tamil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Tamil">Tamil portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tamils" title="Template:Tamils"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tamils" title="Template talk:Tamils"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tamils" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tamils"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="British_colonial_period">British colonial period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: British colonial period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In foreign lands under British rule, the British needed obedient, trusted, hard-working and skillful people to take up government posts, mainly as <a href="/wiki/Clerk_(position)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerk (position)">clerks</a>. This led to the first wave of migrations by the Tamils to countries such as <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> (then <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a>), <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and the then <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a> in India. Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_diaspora" title="Tamil Nadu diaspora">Tamil diaspora from India</a>, there was much less migration from Sri Lanka to British colonies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia_and_Singapore">Malaysia and Singapore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Malaysia and Singapore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Malaysians" title="Tamil Malaysians">Tamil Malaysians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_Malaysia" title="Sri Lankans in Malaysia">Sri Lankans in Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Tamils" title="Singapore Tamils">Singapore Tamils</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_Singapore" title="Sri Lankans in Singapore">Sri Lankans in Singapore</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalamandapam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Kalamandapam.jpg/220px-Kalamandapam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Kalamandapam.jpg/330px-Kalamandapam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Kalamandapam.jpg/440px-Kalamandapam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Sri Kandaswamy Kovil along Jalan Scott</figcaption></figure> <p>Ceylonese Tamils made up an overwhelming majority in the civil service of <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> prior to independence. It was in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, that the term "Ceylonese" and "Jaffnese" were popularly used by the Sri Lankan Tamils to differentiate themselves from the larger <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian">Malaysian Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Singaporean" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Singaporean">Indian Singaporean</a> population who were predominantly of Tamil origin (but as of today, they are considered a sub-ethnicity of these races in the respective national censuses of their adoptive countries due to the similarities of religion, ethnicity, and language with the local ethnic Indian population of Tamil origin). The Malaysian Sri Lankan Tamil community is the fifth largest South Asian community in Malaysia, after <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Malaysians" title="Tamil Malaysians">Tamils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malayalees" title="Malaysian Malayalees">Malayalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Malaysians" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujarati Malaysians">Gujaratis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Telugu" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Telugu">Telugus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindus" title="Bengali Hindus">Bengalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Hindus" title="Sindhi Hindus">Sindhis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Pangkor_Treaty_of_1874" title="Pangkor Treaty of 1874">Pangkor Treaty of 1874</a>, the British embarked upon the construction of roads, railways, schools, hospitals, and government offices in the Malay Peninsula, to develop the country and to increase its revenue. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, the Ceylon Tamil population was mainly concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Brickfields,_Kuala_Lumpur" title="Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur">Brickfields</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sentul,_Kuala_Lumpur" title="Sentul, Kuala Lumpur">Sentul</a> because of the proximity of the Administrative Centre of the <a href="/wiki/Keretapi_Tanah_Melayu" title="Keretapi Tanah Melayu">Malayan Railway</a> and the Sentul Workshop. The Government provided accommodation for the white and the blue collar workers in these areas. The Ceylon Tamils living in both these areas were devout Saivites and as they fervently believed that "no one should live in a place that has no Temple," they soon began to organize themselves into Associations. This gave birth to the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Kandaswamy_Kovil,_Brickfields" title="Sri Kandaswamy Kovil, Brickfields">Sri Kandaswamy Kovil, Brickfields</a>, which has become a landmark and tourist attraction in the city, showcasing Sri Lankan Tamil and Hindu architecture at its finest. </p><p>Many of the first Asian and non-white doctors and engineers in <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> were of Sri Lankan Tamil descent. The world's first Asian <a href="/wiki/Surgeon" title="Surgeon">surgeon</a> was Dr. S.S. Thiruchelvam, a <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malayan</a> of Ceylonese Tamil origin. </p><p>The Ceylonese community established many schools, banks, cultural societies, cooperatives and temples in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. Some good examples would be the Jaffnese Cooperative Society, Vivekananda Ashrama and the Vivekananda Tamil School in <a href="/wiki/Brickfields,_Kuala_Lumpur" title="Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur">Brickfields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>. In 1958 The Malaysian Ceylonese Congress was established as a political party with the aim of giving support to the then Alliance party. MCC has continuously supported the Barisan Nasional and the Government. It was formed to promote and preserve the Political, Educational, Social and Cultural aspects of the Malaysian Ceylonese Community. To date, MCC has seen six President's:- 1. Mr. M.W Navaratnam AMN, JP (1958–1969) 2. Senator Tan Sri Dato' Sri Dr. C.Sinnadurai PSM, PSD, PNBS, DPMP, SMK (1970–1983) 3. Tan Sri Dato' Seri V.Jeyaratnam PSM, SPMP (1983–1988) 4. Dato' Dr. N.Arumugasamy DSIJ, JSM (1988–1995) 5. Dato' Seri Dr. D.M.Thuraiappah SPMP, AMN, ASA (1996–2003) 6. Dato' Dr. NKS Tharmaseelan DPTJ, PMC, ANS (2004–Present) Today MCC makes its way in this ever-changing globe under the dynamic leadership of Dato' Dr. NKS Tharmaseelan. After 50years of hibernation, MCC has now become visible. The MCC was formally registered with the Malaysian Election's Commission (SPR) on 27 February 2009.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090831034636/http://mcc.org.my/">[1]</a> </p><p>Many Ceylonese were also involved in the independence movements in <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. In Singapore, there are many current and past ministers who are of Ceylonese Tamil in origin and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> is a national language. <a href="/wiki/Sinnathamby_Rajaratnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinnathamby Rajaratnam">Sinnathamby Rajaratnam</a> was the former foreign minister and deputy prime minister of Singapore and regarded as one of the founding fathers of Singapore. His death in 2006 was marked with a state funeral by the government of Singapore. The Singapore flag was flown at half-mast at all public buildings and former Prime Minister and friend <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a> cried when giving his eulogy. </p><p>Even today, the Sri Lankan community in Malaysia and Singapore is an upwardly mobile community taking up many professional and government posts. One of Malaysia's and South East Asia's richest men is <a href="/wiki/Billionaire" title="Billionaire">billionaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Krishnan" title="Ananda Krishnan">Tan Sri Ananda Krishnan</a>, who regularly makes it to <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> magazine's billionaire list. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Before_1983">Before 1983</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Before 1983"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the period post-independence and prior to <a href="/wiki/Black_July" title="Black July">Black July</a> 1983, there was not much migration. </p><p>However, this changed as the government of Sri Lanka, which tended to be controlled by <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Sinhalese</a> started introducing policies, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Only_Act" title="Sinhala Only Act">Sinhala Only Act</a>, which curtailed opportunities for Tamils in Sri Lanka. </p><p>Before 1956, Tamils were proportionately over-represented in the civil service because of their high achievement and perceived preferential treatment by the Colonial Rulers. Until 1956, this was their passport to government employment. As Cheran (2000: 110) argues, "[t]he class dimension of the Sinhala Only Act must not be forgotten. The battle of the languages was in reality a battle for government jobs." Unemployment among [the majority] Sinhala youth generated considerable political pressure for the government to act in a manner that ironically consolidated identity based on nation, despite the economic antecedents to such identity formation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183509/http://web.mit.edu/cis/www/migration/seminars/Discussion_Hyndman.pdf#search='Sri%20Lanka%20Tamil%20migration'">[2]</a> Although the Sinhala Only Act was partially repealed in 1959, it did not stop Tamils leaving Sri Lanka searching for better employment opportunities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_1983">After 1983</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: After 1983"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_India" title="Sri Lankans in India">Sri Lankans in India</a></div> <p>The eruption of the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">civil conflict</a> in Sri Lanka between the Sri Lankan government and the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam</a> saw mass migration of Tamils to escape the hardships and bitter life of a country torn at war. (See also <a href="/wiki/Black_July" title="Black July">Black July</a>.) </p><p>Initially, it was professionals such as doctors and engineers who emigrated. This was followed by the poorer segments of the community who sold everything they had to be able to get a passport and ticket and seek asylum in foreign lands. The bitter ethnic fighting in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> had driven over 800,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils" title="Sri Lankan Tamils">Sri Lankan Tamils</a> from their homeland, forcing them to find refuge around the globe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of Sri Lankan Tamils immigrated to western countries in the troubled period following the start of the Civil War, mainly towards countries in Western Europe and the Commonwealth Realms. These people were either entered mainly on family reunion visas, student visas (i.e. UK), or asylum seeking visas. </p><p>The first generation were more middle class in the Anglophone countries due to the English-speaking educated class of Sri Lanka being able to educate themselves into English-language high-ranking jobs, while the second generation throughout the western world have progressive social mobility. </p><p>The community is made up of prominent politicians, celebrities, activists, scholars, among other people, but lacks strong impact due to its small size. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of Sri Lankan Tamils in this region reside in North America. the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Greater Toronto Area</a> has the highest population of Sri Lankan Tamils but smaller populations can be found in the urban areas of Montreal, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Vancouver, New York, Boston, Chicago and Los Angeles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Canadians" title="Tamil Canadians">Tamil Canadians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Canadians" title="Sri Lankan Canadians">Sri Lankan Canadians</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Sri_Lankan_Tamil_Children.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Canadian_Sri_Lankan_Tamil_Children.jpg/170px-Canadian_Sri_Lankan_Tamil_Children.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Canadian_Sri_Lankan_Tamil_Children.jpg/255px-Canadian_Sri_Lankan_Tamil_Children.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Canadian_Sri_Lankan_Tamil_Children.jpg/340px-Canadian_Sri_Lankan_Tamil_Children.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="1557" /></a><figcaption>Expatriate Sri Lankan Tamil children in traditional clothes in Toronto</figcaption></figure><p>Canada has the largest population of Sri Lankan Tamils outside of South Asia. An approximate 150,000 people identified as "Tamil" according to the most recent census of both Statistics Canada and the OECD (dated 2011). </p><p>The Greater Toronto Area (GTA) has the largest concentration of Sri Lankans (mainly Tamils) in Canada. Canadians of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamil</a> ethnic origins mostly from <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and other countries such as <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>. From a population of fewer than 2,000 Tamils in 1983, it has become an important minority population groups within the GTA. More than 25,000 were added between 1984 and 1992; in the 1991 census, Tamils were the fastest-growing ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Toronto" title="Metropolitan Toronto">Metropolitan Toronto</a>. </p><p>The Tamils of Toronto and the rest of Canada are well versed and many own businesses, such as stores, supermarkets, restaurants, and even other franchise restaurants. They also tend to be highly educated and many work as real estate agents, lawyers, doctors and bankers. The Tamil peoples biggest population consists of the younger Tamil generations of the ages of 14 to 28, with most of them being students.<sup id="cite_ref-Cheran_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cheran-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HD_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HD-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SD_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Americans" title="Sri Lankan Americans">Sri Lankan Americans</a></div> <p>Sri Lankan Tamils are predominantly found in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough of New York City">boroughs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>. It was historically home to a number of middle class Sri Lankans, but these people were joined by people fleeing from Sri Lanka after the onset of the Civil War.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 3/4 of the community are foreign-born.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sri Lankan Americans are highly educated and most have advanced into higher education.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average educational attainment rate for American Sri Lankans exceeds that of the average rate for Asian Americans overall.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 60% had at least a bachelor's degree and the community had the second highest income of any Asian ethnicity (after Asian Indian).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The spread of immigration into Europe has not been concentrated to one particular country but rather encompassing all of Western Europe. The largest populations can be found in the United Kingdom<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and France,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with it being entirely feasible that there are more who speak German as a first language (Germany and Switzerland) than English as a first language (UK and Ireland).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom_and_Ireland">United Kingdom and Ireland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United Kingdom and Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/British_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="British Tamil">British Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Sri_Lankans" title="British Sri Lankans">British Sri Lankans</a></div> <p>The British Isles has always had a strong, albeit small, population of Sri Lankan Tamils deriving from colonial era immigration between Sri Lanka and the UK, but a surge in emigration from Sri Lanka took place after 1983, as the civil war caused living conditions deteriorate and placed many inhabitants in danger. It is now estimated that the current population of British Sri Lankan Tamils numbers around 100,000 to 200,000.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are found throughout the country, but are much more concentrated in the South East, with the largest population of British Sri Lankan Tamils found in London, chiefly in Harrow (West London), Redbridge (East London), and Tooting (South London).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The community generally has lower birth rates in comparison to other South Asian ethnic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike immigrants to countries in Continental Europe, many Sri Lankan Tamils that went to live in Anglosaxon countries achieved entry through non-refugee methods such as educational visas and family reunion visas in addition to as refugees. Many of the children of the first generation are also more upwardly mobile compared to their parents.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the second generation are middle class, and English is considered by many young Tamils as their first language. Many of the second generation identified themselves as Hindu but may not actively participate in the faith, while the Christian Tamils are more active.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="France">France</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganesh_Paris_2004_DSC08471.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ganesh_Paris_2004_DSC08471.JPG/200px-Ganesh_Paris_2004_DSC08471.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ganesh_Paris_2004_DSC08471.JPG/300px-Ganesh_Paris_2004_DSC08471.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ganesh_Paris_2004_DSC08471.JPG/400px-Ganesh_Paris_2004_DSC08471.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Celebrations of <a href="/wiki/Ganesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganesh">Ganesh</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Tamil">Sri Lankan Tamil</a> community in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</figcaption></figure><p>There are over 100,000 Sri Lankan Tamils living in France, joining an existing large population of Tamils from the French overseas departments. </p><p>In only 10 years, "Little Jaffna", located at the last stretch of the winding street of <a href="/wiki/Rue_du_Faubourg_Saint-Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis">Rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/10th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="10th arrondissement of Paris">10th arrondissement</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Paris_M%C3%A9tro" title="Paris Métro">metros</a> <a href="/wiki/Gare_du_Nord" title="Gare du Nord">Gare du Nord</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Chapelle (Paris Métro)">La Chapelle</a>, has sprung to life and begun to truly flourish. It is commonly mistakenly called by the average Parisian as Little Bombay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061109210445/http://www.parisfranceguide.com:81/index.php?module=pagemaster&PAGE_user_op=view_page&PAGE_id=41">[1]</a> </p><p>The vast majority of Parisian Tamils fled <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> as refugees in the 1980s, escaping the violent civil conflict. The French Prefecture<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> was initially quite reluctant about granting <a href="/wiki/Right_of_Asylum#Right_of_Asylum_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of Asylum">asylum</a> to Tamils. In 1987, the Office for the Protection of Refugees (OFPRA) gained in power and opened up a period of nearly systematic asylum<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. This liberal period eventually tapered off in the 90s as a result<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of new European measures designed against an influx in immigration. Today, there are about 100,000 Sri Lankan Tamils living in France, of which the greatest number live in Paris. Little Jaffna is also famous for the annual <a href="/wiki/Temple_car" title="Temple car">chariot</a> procession held during Ganesha Chathurthi. Both the area and event have become popular tourist attractions. </p><p><b>Italy</b> </p><p>Italy is home to roughly 25,000 to 35,000 Tamils,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most of whom are migrants and refugees from Sri Lanka, as well as significant Tamil populations from <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </p><p>The largest center of <a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_Italy" title="Tamils in Italy">Tamils in Italy</a> is the Sicilian capital of <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where Sri Lankan Tamils number around 6,000 and are the second largest immigrant group in Palermo after <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshis_in_Italy" title="Bangladeshis in Italy">Bangladeshis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Italian cities with a significant Sri Lankan Tamil community are <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoli">Napoli</a>; there are even Tamil associations in smaller and medium-sized cities such as <a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reggio_Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Reggio Emilia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lecce" title="Lecce">Lecce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Switzerland,_Austria,_and_Germany"><span id="Switzerland.2C_Austria.2C_and_Germany"></span>Switzerland, Austria, and Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Switzerland, Austria, and Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg/149px-Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg/223px-Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg/297px-Sri_Kamadchi_Ampal_temple_6039530.jpg 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Sri Kamadchi Ampal temple in <a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of Sri Lankan Tamils in this region are descended from asylum seekers flees in the Civil War.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of the first generation had to learn the local language in order to be able to obtain jobs and suffered from poor employment prospects as a result, but the second generation has been more successful in picking up the local language (predominantly German) and educating their way into middle class jobs such as finance. </p><p>Religious fervor among <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Germans" title="Tamil Germans">Tamil Germans</a> intensified as their numbers swelled. Due to the inspirational encouragement of Hawaii Subramaniaswami – the disciple of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Swami" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga Swami">Yoga Swamigal</a> – two well organized Hindu temples – Sidhivinayagar Kovil and the kamadchi Amman Kovil –have in place in the city of <a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a> since 1984. According to the journal <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_Today" title="Hinduism Today">Hinduism Today</a>, the youth are being well trained in their religion and culture at home and in weekend schools in rented halls using texts from Sri Lanka. They even wear Hindu symbols of Vibuthi and Tilakam. </p><p>Switzerland has about 50,000 Tamils, the majority of whom are from Sri Lanka who have gone as refugees. Temples, cultural festivals, international conferences, seminars and meetings draw a large number of the Tamil Diaspora from other European countries to the various Swiss cities, so much so that it has become the nerve centre of Tamil cultural activism. Tamil language classes, dance and music classes run by voluntary bodies are fast increasing. A large community established in Zurich with a place known as little Jaffna. Kanton Basel, Bern. Geneva. Most of the Tamils reside in the German speaking areas of Switzerland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Benelux">Benelux</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Benelux"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> has more than 20,000 Tamils, the majority of whom are refugees from Sri Lanka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Scandinavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Norway has about 13,000 Tamils, most of whom are Sri Lankan refugees. Around 7,000 live in the capital Oslo. </p><p>Sweden has a Sri Lankan Tamil population of approximately 6,000. The Sri Vinayagar temple was opened near <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> by Tamil Hindus in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Denmark has over 7,000 Tamils, the majority being refugees. There are two well-patronized Hindu temples – one for Vinayagar and another for Abhirami – and the Tamil population has become well adapted to the Danish environment.<sup id="cite_ref-sangam.org_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sangam.org-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Middle East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Middle East has not benefited from the immigration of Sri Lankan Tamils on a large scale due to lack of valuable jobs and poor asylum seeking facilitation, but a number of Sri Lankans are working in the GCC as laborers and Sri Lankan Tamils are highly likely to be among these laborers - even if they make up in insignificant proportion of these people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: South Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A sizable population of Sri Lankan Tamils can be found in India, particularly in the state of Tamil Nadu where the two peoples share a common language. While a prominent population of wealthy businessmen exists, they are mostly people who migrated to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and their descendants and mostly refugees from Sri Lanka because of the recently concluded <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan Civil War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most prominent populations of Sri Lankan Tamils can be found in Malaysia and Singapore where a large number of Indian Tamils exist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A large number of Sri Lankan Tamils are residing in Australia and New Zealand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Australians" title="Tamil Australians">Tamil Australians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Australians" title="Sri Lankan Australians">Sri Lankan Australians</a></div> <p>Among the first Sri Lankan immigrants to Australia were those recruited to work on the cane plantations of northern Queensland in the late 19th century. There are also reports of Sri Lankan workers in the gold-mining regions of New South Wales and the pearling industry in Broome, Western Australia. Estimates of numbers during this time range from 500 to 1,000 persons; the 1901 Australian Census recorded 609 Sri Lanka-born. </p><p>There was no significant migration from Sri Lanka before 1948, when the country gained independence from Britain. When the Sinhalese began to assert the power of their majority, however, many <a href="/wiki/Burgher_people" title="Burgher people">Burghers</a> or English-speakers of Sri Lankan - European descent and Tamils began to migrate to other countries. </p><p>Following implementation of the Immigration Restriction Act 1901, which introduced policies excluding non-Europeans from entry to Australia, those of non-European appearance were precluded from entry. Thus the Burghers alone were allowed to enter Australia. </p><p>In the early 1970s, the restrictions on entry of non-Europeans were eased and a new wave of Tamils, Sinhalese and Burghers entered the country. Between 1961 and 1971, the Sri Lanka-born population rose from 3,433 to 9,091 and again to 22,516 by the time of the 1986 Census. </p><p>In the period of 1986 - 1996, the Sri Lanka-born community in Australia has doubled in size. The upsurge of migration from Sri Lanka has resulted from the continuing conflict between Tamil separatists and the Sri Lankan Government. The number of humanitarian entrants has increased since the introduction in January 1995 of the Special Assistance Category (SAC) Class 215 for Sri Lankans. The most recent wave of migrants to Australia includes Sinhalese <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhists</a> and Tamil <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindus</a> who have strong cultural and political consciousness. Since 1991, there has also seen significant migration from Sri Lanka under the Family Migration, Onshore Protection, and Skilled Migration categories. </p><p>Census 2006 recorded a Sri Lankan population in Australia at 70,908. Census estimated the people who use Tamil at home as 32,700 and who use Sinhalese at home as 29,055. Sydney has 53,000 Indians and 18,000 Sri Lankans. </p><p>Census 2001 recorded 53,610 Sri Lanka-born persons in Australia, an increase of 14 per cent from 1996. The 2001 distribution by State and Territory showed <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> had the largest number with 26,670 followed by <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> (16,910), <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> (3,990) and <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> (2,970). </p><p>In 2001, of Sri Lanka-born people aged 15 years and over, 57.1 per cent held some form of educational or occupational qualification compared with 46.2 per cent for all Australians. Among the Sri Lanka born, 37.2 per cent had higher qualifications and 10.3 per cent had certificate level qualifications. Of the Sri Lanka-born with no qualifications, 24.9 per cent were still attending an educational institution. </p><p>Among Sri Lanka-born people aged 15 years and over, the participation rate in the labour force was 67.5 per cent and the unemployment rate was 7.9 per cent. The corresponding rates in the total Australian population were 63.0 and 7.4 per cent respectively. Of the 30,500 Sri Lanka-born who were employed, 51.7 per cent were employed in a Skilled occupation, 30.8 per cent in Semi-Skilled and 17.4 per cent in Unskilled. The corresponding rates in the total Australian population were 52.6, 28.9 and 18.6 per cent respectively. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715031629/http://www.ozlanka.com/guides/srilanka-born.htm">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719235936/http://tormel.brinkster.net/sl_comm/sl_comm.html">[4]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tamil_New_Zealanders" title="Tamil New Zealanders">Tamil New Zealanders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_New_Zealanders" title="Sri Lankan New Zealanders">Sri Lankan New Zealanders</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Early_days">Early days</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Early days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Very few people came to New Zealand from Ceylon in the 1800s, but in the 1860s some gold seekers arrived. At the start of the 20th century there were only 106 Ceylon-born residents.<sup id="cite_ref-nz_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nz-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Immigration_waves">Immigration waves</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Immigration waves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the late 1960s immigrant numbers increased with New Zealand's need for skilled workers. In 1972, after Sri Lanka became independent, there were racial and economic troubles which caused many people to emigrate. In 1983, fleeing civil war, both Sinhalese and Tamil people arrived. Their numbers increased after 1987, when the conflict became more severe.<sup id="cite_ref-nz_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nz-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Community">Community</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013 there were over 9,500 Sri Lankan residents. Many are well-educated professional workers who live mostly in Auckland and Wellington. With strong ties to their war-torn homeland, the community has several ethnic associations. </p><p>Seeking peace and safety in New Zealand, Sri Lankans are of many faiths: Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christian. Having left so much behind, they keep a sense of identity through their religion.<sup id="cite_ref-nz_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nz-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Tamils of India">Sri Lankan Tamils of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Ceylonese_Congress" title="Malaysian Ceylonese Congress">Malaysian Ceylonese Congress</a> (MCC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in Singapore">Indians in Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_Tamils" title="List of Sri Lankan Tamils">List of Sri Lankan Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_loan_words_in_Sri_Lankan_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="List of loan words in Sri Lankan Tamil">List of loan words in Sri Lankan Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils_in_Indian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Tamils in Indian cinema">Sri Lankan Tamils in Indian cinema</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFV.2016" class="citation web cs1">V., Sen (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150110021535/http://www.diversitywatch.ryerson.ca/backgrounds/tamils.htm">"Tamils: Population in Canada"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamilculture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamilculture (page does not exist)">tamilculture</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diversitywatch.ryerson.ca/backgrounds/tamils.htm">the original</a> on 2015-01-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tamils%3A+Population+in+Canada&rft.pub=tamilculture&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=V.&rft.aufirst=Sen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diversitywatch.ryerson.ca%2Fbackgrounds%2Ftamils.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sinhala/news/story/2006/03/060315_hrw_jayadevan.shtml">"Britain urged to protect Tamil Diaspora"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 2006-03-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-26</span></span>. <q>According to HRW, there are about 120,000 Sri Lankan Tamils in the UK.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Britain+urged+to+protect+Tamil+Diaspora&rft.date=2006-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsinhala%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F2006%2F03%2F060315_hrw_jayadevan.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AK-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AK_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcharya2007" class="citation web cs1">Acharya, Arunkumar (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210055448/http://www.ujaen.es/huesped/rae/articulos2007/acharya0907.pdf">"Ethnic conflict and refugees in Sri Lanka"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_University_of_Nuevo_Leon" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon">Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ujaen.es/huesped/rae/articulos2007/acharya0907.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnic+conflict+and+refugees+in+Sri+Lanka&rft.pub=Autonomous+University+of+Nuevo+Leon&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Acharya&rft.aufirst=Arunkumar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ujaen.es%2Fhuesped%2Frae%2Farticulos2007%2Facharya0907.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-g_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumann2008" class="citation web cs1">Baumann, Martin (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015194706/http://www.pluralism.org/resources/slideshow/hindgerm/index.php">"Immigrant Hinduism in Germany: Tamils from Sri Lanka and Their Temples"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pluralism.org/resources/slideshow/hindgerm/index.php">the original</a> on 2012-10-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-26</span></span>. <q>Since the escalation of the Sinhalese-Tamil conflict in Sri Lanka during the 1980s, about 60,000 came as asylum seekers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Immigrant+Hinduism+in+Germany%3A+Tamils+from+Sri+Lanka+and+Their+Temples&rft.pub=Harvard+University&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Baumann&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pluralism.org%2Fresources%2Fslideshow%2Fhindgerm%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=79&artid=25010">"Politically French, culturally Tamil: 12 Tamils elected in Paris and suburbs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tamilnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamilnet">Tamilnet</a>. 2008-03-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-26</span></span>. <q>Around 125,000 Tamils are estimated to be living in France. Of them, around 50,000 are Eezham Tamils (Sri Lankan Tamils).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Politically+French%2C+culturally+Tamil%3A+12+Tamils+elected+in+Paris+and+suburbs&rft.date=2008-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tamilnet.com%2Fart.html%3Fcatid%3D79%26artid%3D25010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107065152/http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss-tamils-look-to-preserve-their-culture/4804092">"Swiss Tamils look to preserve their culture"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Swissinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Swissinfo">Swissinfo</a></i>. 2006-02-18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/swissinfo.html?siteSect=108&sid=6186723&cKey=1140784868000">the original</a> on 2019-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-25</span></span>. <q>An estimated 35,000 Tamils now live in Switzerland.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Swissinfo&rft.atitle=Swiss+Tamils+look+to+preserve+their+culture&rft.date=2006-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.org%2Feng%2Fswissinfo.html%3FsiteSect%3D108%26sid%3D6186723%26cKey%3D1140784868000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/SR19850210s.pdf">"SPEECH BY MR. S RAJARATNAM, SENIOR MINISTER (PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE), ON THE OCCASION OF THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION OF THE SINGAPORE CEYLON TAMILS' ASSOCIATION AT THE OBEROI IMPERIAL HOTEL ON SUNDAY, 10 FEBRUARY 1985 AT 7.30 PM"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 10 February 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SPEECH+BY+MR.+S+RAJARATNAM%2C+SENIOR+MINISTER+%28PRIME+MINISTER%27S+OFFICE%29%2C+ON+THE+OCCASION+OF+THE+75TH+ANNIVERSARY+CELEBRATION+OF+THE+SINGAPORE+CEYLON+TAMILS%27+ASSOCIATION+AT+THE+OBEROI+IMPERIAL+HOTEL+ON+SUNDAY%2C+10+FEBRUARY+1985+AT+7.30+PM.&rft.date=1985-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nas.gov.sg%2Farchivesonline%2Fdata%2Fpdfdoc%2FSR19850210s.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/sri-lanka/sri-lankan-tamil-diaspora-after-ltte">"The Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora after the LTTE"</a>. 23 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sri+Lankan+Tamil+Diaspora+after+the+LTTE&rft.date=2010-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crisisgroup.org%2Fasia%2Fsouth-asia%2Fsri-lanka%2Fsri-lankan-tamil-diaspora-after-ltte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rajakrishnan, P. <i>Social Change and Group Identity among the Sri Lankan Tamils</i>, pp. 541–557</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaman2000" class="citation news cs1">Raman, B. (2000-07-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/businessline/2000/07/14/stories/041455br.htm">"Sri Lanka: The dilemma"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-26</span></span>. <q>It is estimated that there are about 10,000 Sri Lankan Tamils in Norway -- 6,000 of them Norwegian citizens, many of whom migrated to Norway in the 1960s and the 1970s to work on its fishing fleet; and 4,000 post-1983 political refugees.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Sri+Lanka%3A+The+dilemma&rft.date=2000-07-20&rft.aulast=Raman&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fbusinessline%2F2000%2F07%2F14%2Fstories%2F041455br.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VM-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VM_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mortensen, V. <i>Theology and the Religions: A Dialogue</i>, p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclopedia-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopedia_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cush, D., Robinson, C., York, M. <i>Encyclopedia of Hinduism</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415556231" title="Special:BookSources/9780415556231">9780415556231</a>, p. 237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cheran-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cheran_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheran,_R2000" class="citation web cs1">Cheran, R (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/35727546_Changing_formations_Tamil_nationalism_and_national_liberation_in_Sri_Lanka_and_the_diaspora">"Changing Formations: Tamil Nationalism and National Liberation in Sri Lanka and the Diaspora"</a>. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Sociology, <a href="/wiki/York_University" title="York University">York University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changing+Formations%3A+Tamil+Nationalism+and+National+Liberation+in+Sri+Lanka+and+the+Diaspora&rft.series=Ph.D.+dissertation&rft.pub=Department+of+Sociology%2C+York+University&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Cheran%2C+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F35727546_Changing_formations_Tamil_nationalism_and_national_liberation_in_Sri_Lanka_and_the_diaspora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HD-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HD_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Hyndman2000" class="citation web cs1">Jennifer Hyndman (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183509/http://web.mit.edu/cis/www/migration/seminars/Discussion_Hyndman.pdf#search='Sri%20Lanka%20Tamil%20migration'">"Aid, conflict and migration: the Canada Sri Lanka connection"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Department of Geography, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_University" title="Simon Fraser University">Simon Fraser University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/cis/www/migration/seminars/Discussion_Hyndman.pdf#search='Sri%20Lanka%20Tamil%20migration'">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aid%2C+conflict+and+migration%3A+the+Canada+Sri+Lanka+connection&rft.pub=Department+of+Geography%2C+Simon+Fraser+University&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Jennifer+Hyndman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fcis%2Fwww%2Fmigration%2Fseminars%2FDiscussion_Hyndman.pdf%23search%3D%27Sri%2520Lanka%2520Tamil%2520migration%27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SD-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SD_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSriskandarajah2005" class="citation book cs1">Sriskandarajah, Dhananjayan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-0-387-29904-4_50"><i>Diaspora politics</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer US</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-0-387-29904-4_50">10.1007/978-0-387-29904-4_50</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diaspora+politics&rft.pub=Springer+US&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-0-387-29904-4_50&rft.aulast=Sriskandarajah&rft.aufirst=Dhananjayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252F978-0-387-29904-4_50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/strangers-strange-land-sri-lankans-staten-island-1500554">"Strangers In A Strange Land: Sri Lankans In Staten Island"</a>. <i>International Business Times</i>. 2013-12-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Strangers+In+A+Strange+Land%3A+Sri+Lankans+In+Staten+Island&rft.date=2013-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fstrangers-strange-land-sri-lankans-staten-island-1500554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404214311/http://www.apiahf.org/sites/default/files/Demographic_Socioeconomic_Profiles_AANHPI.pdf">"APIAHF Demographic Profiles"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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(October 7, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716074353/https://www.sangam.org/articles/view2/?uid=585">"Tamil Diaspora"</a>. <i>www.sangam.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sangam.org/articles/view2/?uid=585">the original</a> on July 16, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sangam.org&rft.atitle=Tamil+Diaspora&rft.date=2004-10-07&rft.aulast=Sivasupramaniam&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sangam.org%2Farticles%2Fview2%2F%3Fuid%3D585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sangam.org-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sangam.org_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170629214920/http://www.sangam.org/articles/view2/?uid=585">"Tamil Diaspora"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sangam.org/articles/view2/?uid=585">the original</a> on 2017-06-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tamil+Diaspora&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sangam.org%2Farticles%2Fview2%2F%3Fuid%3D585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nz-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nz_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nz_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nz_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaonga" class="citation web cs1">Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/sri-lankans">"Sri Lankans – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"</a>. <i>teara.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teara.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Sri+Lankans+%E2%80%93+Te+Ara+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.aulast=Taonga&rft.aufirst=New+Zealand+Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage+Te+Manatu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fsri-lankans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lankan+Tamil+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>CIC [Citizenship and Immigration Canada]. 2001 'Facts and Figures 2000: Immigration Overview', (Ottawa: Ministry of Public Works and Government Services Canada) 1996 'Facts and Figures 1996: Immigration Overview', accessed on May 9, 2001 at URL: www.cic.gc.ca/English/pub/facts96/4e.html</li> <li>VAITHEESPARA, R.1999 'Tamils' in P. M. Magosci (ed.) Encyclopaedia of Canada's Peoples. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press), 1247–1254</li> <li>WAYLAND, S. 2004 'Nationalist networks and Transnational Opportunities: the Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora', Review of International Studies 30: 405–426.</li> <li>SRISKANDARAJAH, D. 2002 'The Migration-Development Nexus: Sri Lanka case study', paper prepared for the Centre for Development Research study: Migration- Development Links: Evidence and Policy Options, Magdalen College, Oxford, UK</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.student.city.ac.uk/~ra826/group6/m2511page.htm">The Tamil Diaspora Refugees and migrants in the UK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1405/MR1405.ch3.pdf">Diasporas support for Insurgencies a Rand report</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311011136/http://www.tamilguardian.com/tg112/community.htm">Canada's Tamils celebrate their successes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523100752/http://pact.lk/">Peace and Conflict Timeline (PACT)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080501000414/http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030811.181255/index.html">Sri Lankan Tamils in Australia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penangstory.net.my/mino-content-paperthuraiappah.html">An Introduction to the Malaysian Ceylonese Community and the Malaysian Ceylonese Congress, by Dato' Dr. D.M.Thuraiappah, President of MCC, Penang Story</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Tamils" title="History of Eastern Tamils">History of Eastern Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissamaharama_Tamil_Brahmi_inscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Tissamaharama Tamil Brahmi inscription">Tissamaharama inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaicoddai_seal" class="mw-redirect" title="Annaicoddai seal">Annaicoddai seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketheeswaram_temple" title="Ketheeswaram temple">Ketheeswaram temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koneswaram_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Koneswaram temple">Koneswaram temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munneswaram_temple" title="Munneswaram temple">Munneswaram temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenavaram_temple" title="Tenavaram temple">Tenavaram temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jaffna_kingdom" title="Jaffna kingdom">Jaffna kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jaffna_kingdom" title="History of the Jaffna kingdom">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryacakravarti_dynasty" title="Aryacakravarti dynasty">Aryacakravarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffna_Palace_ruins" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaffna Palace ruins">Jaffna Palace ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotagama_inscriptions" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotagama inscriptions">Kotagama inscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_conquest_of_the_Jaffna_kingdom" title="Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom">Portuguese conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannimai" class="mw-redirect" title="Vannimai">Vannimai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanniar_(Chieftain)" title="Vanniar (Chieftain)">Vanniar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demala_Hatpattu" title="Demala Hatpattu">Demala Hatpattu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Ceylon_Mission" title="American Ceylon Mission">American Ceylon Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Methodist_Mission,_North_Ceylon" title="Wesleyan Methodist Mission, North Ceylon">Wesleyan Methodist Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffna_Youth_Congress" title="Jaffna Youth Congress">Jaffna Youth Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_nationalism" title="Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_state_sponsored_colonisation_schemes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan state sponsored colonisation schemes">Colonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Only_Act" title="Sinhala Only Act">Sinhala Only Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riots_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Riots in Sri Lanka">Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandaranaike%E2%80%93Chelvanayakam_Pact" title="Bandaranaike–Chelvanayakam Pact">Bandaranaike–Chelvanayakam Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_of_standardisation" title="Policy of standardisation">Standardisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_militant_groups" title="Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups">Militancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaddukoddai_Resolution" title="Vaddukoddai Resolution">Vaddukoddai Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Eelam" title="Tamil Eelam">Tamil Eelam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Jaffna_library" class="mw-redirect" title="Burning of Jaffna library">Burning of Jaffna library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_July" title="Black July">Black July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Northern_Province_Council_resolution_on_genocide_of_Tamils" title="2015 Northern Province Council resolution on genocide of Tamils">NPC Resolution on Genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Provincial_Council" title="Northern Provincial Council">Northern Provincial Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Northern_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Northern Province">Government of the Northern Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Northern_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Northern Province">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Northern_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Northern Province">Chief Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Provincial_Council" title="Eastern Provincial Council">Eastern Provincial Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Eastern_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Eastern Province">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Eastern_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Eastern Province">Chief Ministers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Ceylon_Tamil_Congress" title="All Ceylon Tamil Congress">All Ceylon Tamil Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Party_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Party (Sri Lanka)">Federal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_United_Liberation_Front" title="Tamil United Liberation Front">Tamil United Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_National_Alliance" title="Tamil National Alliance">Tamil National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Tamil_National_Alliance" title="Democratic Tamil National Alliance">Democratic Tamil National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_National_People%27s_Front" title="Tamil National People's Front">Tamil National People's Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_People%27s_National_Alliance" title="Tamil People's National Alliance">Tamil People's National Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_Tamil_militant_groups" title="List of Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups">Militant groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_National_Democratic_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front">ENDLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_National_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam National Liberation Front">ENLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_People%27s_Revolutionary_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front">EPRLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_Revolutionary_Organisation_of_Students" title="Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students">EORS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">LTTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Organisation_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam">PLOTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Eelam_Liberation_Organization" title="Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization">TELO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diaspora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Tamils_Forum" title="British Tamils Forum">British Tamils Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Tamil_Congress" title="Canadian Tamil Congress">Canadian Tamil Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Tamil_Sangams_of_North_America" title="Federation of Tamil Sangams of North America">Federation of Tamil Sangams of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Tamil_Forum" title="Global Tamil Forum">Global Tamil Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_Against_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamils Against Genocide">Tamils Against Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Youth_Organisation" title="Tamil Youth Organisation">Tamil Youth Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_Government_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam">Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam" title="Eelam">Eelam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Sri_Lankan_Tamils" title="Genetic studies on Sri Lankan Tamils">Genetic studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaiyar" title="Karaiyar">Karaiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koviar" class="mw-redirect" title="Koviar">Koviar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukkuvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukkuvar">Mukkuvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalavar" title="Nalavar">Nalavar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraiyar" title="Paraiyar">Paraiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thesavalamai" title="Thesavalamai">Thesavalamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellalar_(Sri_Lankan_Tamil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vellalar (Sri Lankan Tamil)">Vellalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Veddas" title="Coast Veddas">Vedar</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_cinema" title="Sri Lankan Tamil cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils_in_Indian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Tamils in Indian cinema">Representations in Indian cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_literature" title="Sri Lankan Tamil literature">Literature</a></li> <li>News <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Review_(Sri_Lankan_newspaper)" title="Saturday Review (Sri Lankan newspaper)">Saturday Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sudar_Oli" title="Sudar Oli">Sudar Oli</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Guardian" title="Tamil Guardian">Tamil Guardian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TamilNet" title="TamilNet">TamilNet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Times" title="Tamil Times">Tamil Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thinakaran" title="Thinakaran">Thinakaran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thinakkural" title="Thinakkural">Thinakkural</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uthayan" title="Uthayan">Uthayan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virakesari" title="Virakesari">Virakesari</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Australians" title="Tamil Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Canadians" title="Tamil Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_France" title="Tamils in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Germans" title="Tamil Germans">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_Italy" title="Tamils in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils_in_India" title="Sri Lankan Tamils in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Malaysians" title="Tamil Malaysians">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_New_Zealanders" title="Tamil New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_Pakistan" title="Tamils in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="British Tamil">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_dialects" title="Sri Lankan Tamil dialects">Languages and dialects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batticaloa_Tamil_dialect" title="Batticaloa Tamil dialect">Batticaloa Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffna_Tamil_dialect" title="Jaffna Tamil dialect">Jaffna Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negombo_Tamil_dialect" title="Negombo Tamil dialect">Negombo Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loanwords_in_Sri_Lankan_Tamil" title="Loanwords in Sri Lankan Tamil">Loanwords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Hinduism in Sri Lanka">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naguleswaram_temple" title="Naguleswaram temple">Naguleswaram temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nallur_Kandaswamy_temple" title="Nallur Kandaswamy temple">Nallur Kandaswamy temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Sri Lanka">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_Madhu" title="Shrine of Our Lady of Madhu">Shrine of Our Lady of Madhu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_deities_of_Tamils_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Village deities of Tamils of Sri Lanka">Village deities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Eelam_national_cricket_team" title="Tamil Eelam national cricket team">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Eelam_national_football_team" title="Tamil Eelam national football team">Football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_Tamil_people" title="Category:Sri Lankan Tamil people">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sri_Lanka&#124;link=Sri_Lanka_Sri_Lankan_diaspora173" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sri_Lankan_diaspora" title="Template:Sri Lankan diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sri_Lankan_diaspora" title="Template talk:Sri Lankan diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sri_Lankan_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sri Lankan diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sri_Lanka&#124;link=Sri_Lanka_Sri_Lankan_diaspora173" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_diaspora" title="Sri Lankan diaspora">Sri Lankan diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asians_in_Hong_Kong" title="South Asians in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_India" title="Sri Lankans in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_Japan" title="Sri Lankans in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_Lebanon" title="Sri Lankans in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_Malaysia" title="Sri Lankans in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_Singapore" title="Sri Lankans in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankans in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_Pakistan" title="Tamils in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Indonesians" title="Tamil Indonesians">Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Sri Lankan Flag"><img alt="The Sri Lankan Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/110px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/165px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/220px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_France" title="Sri Lankans in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_Italy" title="Sri Lankans in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_Switzerland" title="Sri Lankans in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sri_Lankans" title="British Sri Lankans">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_London" title="Ethnic groups in London">London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankans_in_Bermuda" title="Sri Lankans in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Canadians" title="Sri Lankan Canadians">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area" title="South Asian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan American">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Australian">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_New_Zealanders" title="Sri Lankan New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_South_Africans" title="Tamil South Africans">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sri_Lankan_civil_war_(1983–2009)1325" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" title="Template:Sri Lankan Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Sri Lankan Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sri Lankan Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sri_Lankan_civil_war_(1983–2009)1325" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan civil war</a> (1983–2009)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Origins of the Sri Lankan civil war">Origins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_nationalism" title="Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism">Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Only_Act" title="Sinhala Only Act">Sinhala Only Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_anti-Tamil_pogrom" title="1956 anti-Tamil pogrom">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_anti-Tamil_pogrom" title="1958 anti-Tamil pogrom">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaddukoddai_Resolution" title="Vaddukoddai Resolution">Vaddukoddai Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_anti-Tamil_pogrom" title="1977 anti-Tamil pogrom">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_anti-Tamil_pogrom" title="1981 anti-Tamil pogrom">1981</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Jaffna_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Burning of Jaffna Library">Burning of Jaffna Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_July" title="Black July">Black July</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combatants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Sri Lanka"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Army" title="Sri Lanka Army">Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Reconnaissance_Patrol_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol (Sri Lanka)">LRRP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Navy" title="Sri Lanka Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Air_Force" title="Sri Lanka Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Police_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lanka Police Service">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Task_Force_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Special Task Force (Sri Lanka)">Special Task Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Civil_Security_Force" title="Sri Lanka Civil Security Force">Home Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_on_civilians_attributed_to_Sri_Lankan_government_forces" title="List of attacks on civilians attributed to Sri Lankan government forces">Attacks on civilians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_assassinated_by_Sri_Lankan_government_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people assassinated by Sri Lankan government forces">Assassinations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg/23px-Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg/35px-Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg/45px-Tamil_Eelam_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">LTTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Divisions of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tigers" title="Air Tigers">Air Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Tigers" title="Sea Tigers">Sea Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Tigers" title="Black Tigers">Black Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE">Attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE,_1970s" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE, 1970s">in the 1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE,_1980s" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE, 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE,_1990s" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE, 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_the_LTTE,_2000s" title="List of attacks attributed to the LTTE, 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_assassinated_by_the_Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="List of people assassinated by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombings_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Suicide bombings in Sri Lanka">Suicide bombings</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_militant_groups" title="Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups">Other militants</a> <span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_Tamil_militant_groups" title="List of Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups">list</a>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_National_Democratic_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front">ENDLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_National_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam National Liberation Front">ENLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_People%27s_Revolutionary_Liberation_Front" title="Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front">EPRLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_Revolutionary_Organisation_of_Students" title="Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students">EROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Organisation_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam">PLOTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Eelam_Liberation_Organization" title="Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization">TELO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Paramilitary groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_People%27s_Democratic_Party" title="Eelam People's Democratic Party">EPDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Makkal_Viduthalai_Pulikal" title="Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal">TMVP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_I" title="Eelam War I">Eelam War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_intervention_in_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan civil war">Indian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_II" title="Eelam War II">Eelam War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_III" title="Eelam War III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eelam_War_IV" title="Eelam War IV">IV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Theatre_of_Eelam_War_IV" title="Eastern Theatre of Eelam War IV">Eastern</a> / <a href="/wiki/Northern_Theatre_of_Eelam_War_IV" title="Northern Theatre of Eelam War IV">Northern theatres</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="List of military operations of the Sri Lankan civil war">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kokkilai_offensive" title="Kokkilai offensive">Kokkilai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadamarachchi_Operation" title="Vadamarachchi Operation">Vadamarachchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Poomalai" title="Operation Poomalai">Poomalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pawan" title="Operation Pawan">Pawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffna_University_Helidrop" title="Jaffna University Helidrop">Jaffna University Helidrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Balavegaya" title="Operation Balavegaya">Balavegaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Elephant_Pass" title="First Battle of Elephant Pass">1st Elephant Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pooneryn" title="Battle of Pooneryn">Pooneryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Riviresa" title="Operation Riviresa">Riviresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mullaitivu_(1996)" title="Battle of Mullaitivu (1996)">1st Mullaitivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Weli_Oya_(1995)" title="Battle of Weli Oya (1995)">Weli Oya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sath_Jaya" title="Operation Sath Jaya">Sath Jaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Vavunathivu_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 Vavunathivu Offensive">Vavunathivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jayasikurui" title="Operation Jayasikurui">Jayasikurui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thandikulam%E2%80%93Omanthai_offensive" title="Thandikulam–Omanthai offensive">Thandikulam–Omanthai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Battle_of_Kilinochchi" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Battle of Kilinochchi">1st Kilinochchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oddusuddan_offensive_(1999)" title="Oddusuddan offensive (1999)">Oddusuddan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_A-9_highway" title="Battle for the A-9 highway">A-9 highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Elephant_Pass" title="Second Battle of Elephant Pass">2nd Elephant Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandaranaike_Airport_attack" title="Bandaranaike Airport attack">Bandaranaike Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Point_Pedro_(2006)" title="Battle of Point Pedro (2006)">Point Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffna_(2006)" title="Battle of Jaffna (2006)">Jaffna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thoppigala" title="Battle of Thoppigala">Thoppigala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vidattaltivu" title="Battle of Vidattaltivu">Vidattaltivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Battle_of_Kilinochchi" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–2009 Battle of Kilinochchi">2nd Kilinochchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mullaitivu_(2009)" title="Battle of Mullaitivu (2009)">2nd Mullaitivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Puthukkudiyirippu" title="Battle of Puthukkudiyirippu">Puthukkudiyirippu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Lanka_Flight_512" title="Air Lanka Flight 512">Air Lanka Flight 512</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Sri_Lanka_Accord" title="Indo-Sri Lanka Accord">Indo-Sri Lanka Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Muslims_from_the_Northern_province_by_LTTE" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of Muslims from the Northern province by LTTE">Expulsions from Northern province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Lalith_Athulathmudali" title="Assassination of Lalith Athulathmudali">Assassination of Lalith Athulathmudali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi">Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ranasinghe_Premadasa" title="Assassination of Ranasinghe Premadasa">Assassination of Ranasinghe Premadasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Temple_of_the_Tooth_attack" title="1998 Temple of the Tooth attack">Temple of the Tooth attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionair_Flight_602" title="Lionair Flight 602">Lionair Flight 602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandaranaike_Airport_attack" title="Bandaranaike Airport attack">Bandaranaike Airport attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_non-resident_Tamils_from_Colombo" title="Expulsion of non-resident Tamils from Colombo">Expulsions from Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_suicide_air_raid_on_Colombo" title="2009 suicide air raid on Colombo">2009 suicide air raid on Colombo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sri Lanka</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Army_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Commander of the Army (Sri Lanka)">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tissa_Weeratunga" title="Tissa Weeratunga">Tissa Weeratunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalin_Seneviratne" title="Nalin Seneviratne">Nalin Seneviratne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Wanasinghe" title="Hamilton Wanasinghe">Hamilton Wanasinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Waidyaratne" title="Cecil Waidyaratne">Cecil Waidyaratne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._H._De_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="G. H. De Silva">G. H. De Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohan_Daluwatte" title="Rohan Daluwatte">Rohan Daluwatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srilal_Weerasooriya" title="Srilal Weerasooriya">Srilal Weerasooriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._P._Balagalle" class="mw-redirect" title="L. P. Balagalle">L. P. Balagalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantha_Kottegoda" title="Shantha Kottegoda">Shantha Kottegoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarath_Fonseka" title="Sarath Fonseka">Sarath Fonseka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Navy_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Commander of the Navy (Sri Lanka)">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asoka_de_Silva_(Admiral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asoka de Silva (Admiral)">Asoka de Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._A._Silva" title="H. A. Silva">H. A. Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clancy_Fernando" title="Clancy Fernando">Clancy Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._M._R._Samarasekara" title="D. A. M. R. Samarasekara">D. A. M. R. Samarasekara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._C._A._C._Thisera" title="H. C. A. C. Thisera">H. C. A. C. Thisera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daya_Sandagiri" title="Daya Sandagiri">Daya Sandagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasantha_Karannagoda" title="Wasantha Karannagoda">Wasantha Karannagoda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Air_Force_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Commander of the Air Force (Sri Lanka)">Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Perera" title="Dick Perera">Dick Perera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andibuduge_Fernando" class="mw-redirect" title="Andibuduge Fernando">Andibuduge Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makalandage_Gunawardena" class="mw-redirect" title="Makalandage Gunawardena">Makalandage Gunawardena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ranasinghe" title="Oliver Ranasinghe">Oliver Ranasinghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayalath_Weerakkody" title="Jayalath Weerakkody">Jayalath Weerakkody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Perera" title="Donald Perera">Donald Perera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshan_Goonetileke" title="Roshan Goonetileke">Roshan Goonetileke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Jayewardene" title="J. R. Jayewardene">J. R. Jayewardene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranasinghe_Premadasa" title="Ranasinghe Premadasa">Ranasinghe Premadasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingiri_Banda_Wijetunga" title="Dingiri Banda Wijetunga">Dingiri Banda Wijetunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrika_Kumaratunga" title="Chandrika Kumaratunga">Chandrika Kumaratunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahinda_Rajapaksa" title="Mahinda Rajapaksa">Mahinda Rajapaksa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LTTE</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders_of_the_LTTE" title="List of commanders of the LTTE">Militant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Velupillai_Prabhakaran" title="Velupillai Prabhakaran">Velupillai Prabhakaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottu_Amman_(Tamil_militant)" title="Pottu Amman (Tamil militant)">Pottu Amman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thillaiyampalam_Sivanesan" class="mw-redirect" title="Thillaiyampalam Sivanesan">Soosai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayagamoorthy_Muralitharan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinayagamoorthy Muralitharan">Karuna Amman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selvarasa_Pathmanathan" title="Selvarasa Pathmanathan">Selvarasa Pathmanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Balasingham" title="Anton Balasingham">Anton Balasingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._P._Thamilselvan" title="S. P. Thamilselvan">S. P. Thamilselvan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harkirat_Singh_(general)" title="Harkirat Singh (general)">Harkirat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_K._Mehta" title="Ashok K. Mehta">Ashok K. Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulwant_Singh_(general)" title="Kulwant Singh (general)">Kulwant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depinder_Singh" title="Depinder Singh">Depinder Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalvir_Singh" title="Dalvir Singh">Dalvir Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaswamy_Sundarji" title="Krishnaswamy Sundarji">Krishnaswamy Sundarji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Civilian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotindra_Nath_Dixit" title="Jyotindra Nath Dixit">Jyotindra Nath Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Jayalalithaa" title="J. Jayalalithaa">J. Jayalalithaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Karunanidhi" title="M. Karunanidhi">M. Karunanidhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiko" title="Vaiko">Vaiko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_genocide" title="Tamil genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_the_Tamil_genocide" title="List of films about the Tamil genocide">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Northern_Province_Council_resolution_on_genocide_of_Tamils" title="2015 Northern Province Council resolution on genocide of Tamils">NPC resolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lessons_Learnt_and_Reconciliation_Commission" title="Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission">LLRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_end_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Reactions to the end of the Sri Lankan civil war">Reactions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Protests against the Sri Lankan civil war">Protests</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Day_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Remembrance Day (Sri Lanka)">Remembrance Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Report_of_the_Secretary-General%27s_Panel_of_Experts_on_Accountability_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Report of the Secretary-General's Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka">UN Panel on Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_during_the_final_stages_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan civil war">War crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_chemical_weapons_use_in_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of chemical weapons use in the Sri Lankan civil war">Chemical weapons</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Sri Lankan civil war">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="List of assassinations of the Sri Lankan civil war">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of massacres in Sri Lanka">Massacres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_use_of_children_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Militant use of children in Sri Lanka">Child soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Enforced disappearances in Sri Lanka">Disappearances</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_on_Missing_Persons" title="Office on Missing Persons">Office on Missing Persons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Human rights in Sri Lanka">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war_in_popular_culture" title="Sri Lankan civil war in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Terrorism in Sri Lanka">Terrorism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_(non-state)_terrorist_incidents_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of (non-state) terrorist incidents in Sri Lanka">Non-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_and_state_terrorism" title="Sri Lanka and state terrorism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Terrorism_Act_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Prevention of Terrorism Act (Sri Lanka)">PTA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_against_Tamils_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Sexual violence against Tamils in Sri Lanka">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka">Sixth Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka">Thirteenth Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" title="Women in the Sri Lankan Civil War">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Maldives_coup_attempt" title="1988 Maldives coup attempt">1988 Maldives coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan civil war</a> at <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Main Page">Wiktionary</a> </li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Sri Lankan Civil War">Source texts</a> at <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Main Page">Wikisource</a> </li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Sri Lankan Civil War">Textbooks</a> at <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Main Page">Wikibooks</a></li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Sri Lankan Civil War">Images and media</a> at the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="commons:Main Page">Commons</a> </li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Sri Lankan Civil War">Quotations</a> at <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Main Page">Wikiquote</a> </li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikinews page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/16px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/24px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Sri Lankan Civil War">News stories</a> at <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Main Page">Wikinews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Overseas_Asians_and_Asian_diasporas139" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Overseas_Asians" title="Template:Overseas Asians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Overseas_Asians" title="Template talk:Overseas Asians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas_Asians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas Asians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Overseas_Asians_and_Asian_diasporas139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overseas <a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Asians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asian_diaspora" title="Asian diaspora">Asian diasporas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By origin<br />in Asia<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Asia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Map_of_Asia.svg/60px-Map_of_Asia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Map_of_Asia.svg/90px-Map_of_Asia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Map_of_Asia.svg/120px-Map_of_Asia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2738" data-file-height="2240" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_diaspora" title="Kazakh diaspora">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_diaspora" title="Mongolian diaspora">Mongolians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbek diaspora">Uzbeks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_diaspora" title="Japanese diaspora">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_diaspora" title="Korean diaspora">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_diaspora" title="Ryukyuan diaspora">Ryukyuans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Taiwanese" title="Overseas Taiwanese">Taiwanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_diaspora" title="South Asian diaspora">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_diaspora" title="Afghan diaspora">Afghans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_diaspora" title="Bangladeshi diaspora">Bangladeshis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_diaspora" title="Maldivian diaspora">Maldivians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Resident_Nepali" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Resident Nepali">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Pakistani">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_diaspora" title="Sri Lankan diaspora">Sri Lankans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_diaspora" title="Tibetan diaspora">Tibetans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnicity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_diaspora" title="Baloch diaspora">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_diaspora" title="Bengali Hindu diaspora">Bengali Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_diaspora" title="Gujarati diaspora">Gujaratis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Odia" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_diaspora" title="Kashmiri diaspora">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpuri_diaspora" title="Mirpuri diaspora">Mirpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_diaspora" title="Mizo diaspora">Mizos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_diaspora" title="Pashtun diaspora">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_diaspora" title="Romani diaspora">Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_diaspora" title="Saraiki diaspora">Saraikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_diaspora" title="Sikh diaspora">Sikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_diaspora" title="Sindhi diaspora">Sindhis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_diaspora" title="South Indian diaspora">South Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayali_diaspora" title="Malayali diaspora">Malayalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Gulf_diaspora" title="Kerala Gulf diaspora">In the Gulf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_diaspora" title="Tamil diaspora">Tamils</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sri Lankan Tamils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_diaspora" title="Telugu diaspora">Telugus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Indonesians" title="Overseas Indonesians">Indonesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_diaspora" title="Malaysian diaspora">Malaysians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Singaporean" title="Overseas Singaporean">Singaporeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnicity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Acehnese" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Acehnese">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_diaspora" title="Burmese diaspora">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos" title="Overseas Filipinos">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong diaspora">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_diaspora" title="Javanese diaspora">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_diaspora" title="Laotian diaspora">Laotians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Malays" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Malays">Malays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Minangkabau" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Minangkabau">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moluccan_diaspora" title="Moluccan diaspora">Moluccans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Thai" title="Overseas Thai">Thais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Vietnamese" title="Overseas Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_diaspora" title="Arab diaspora">Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_diaspora" title="Emirati diaspora">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_diaspora" title="Iraqi diaspora">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_diaspora" title="Lebanese diaspora">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_diaspora" title="Syrian diaspora">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_diaspora" title="Yemeni diaspora">Yemeni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian%E2%80%93Chaldean%E2%80%93Syriac_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_diaspora" title="Iranian diaspora">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerida" title="Yerida">Israeli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Jews</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_population#Diaspora" title="Kurdish population">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By<br />residence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Nigerian" title="Asian Nigerian">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_(South_Africa)" title="Asian (South Africa)">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Canadians" title="Asian Canadians">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Canadians" title="East Asian Canadians">East Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians" title="South Asian Canadians">South Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Canadians" title="Southeast Asian Canadians">Southeast Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Canadians" title="West Asian Canadians">West Asians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Latin_Americans" title="Asian Latin Americans">Latin America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Argentines" title="Asian Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Brazilians" title="Asian Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Colombians" title="Asian Colombians">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Mexicans" title="Asian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Peruvians" title="Asian Peruvians">Peru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Caribbean_people" title="Asian Caribbean people">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Caribbean_people" title="Chinese Caribbean people">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dougla_people" title="Dougla people">Dougla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_people" title="Indo-Caribbean people">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabou_(ethnicity)" title="Marabou (ethnicity)">Marabou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Surinamese" title="Asian Surinamese">Suriname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Surinamese" title="Indo-Surinamese">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_Surinamese" title="Javanese Surinamese">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Surinamese" title="Chinese Surinamese">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Americans" title="East Asian Americans">East Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Americans" title="Southeast Asian Americans">Southeast Asians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_diasporas_in_France" title="Asian diasporas in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asians_in_Germany" title="Asians in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Asians in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asians_in_the_Netherlands" title="South Asians in the Netherlands">South Asians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_immigrants_to_Sweden" title="Asian immigrants to Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Central Asians in the United Kingdom">Central Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="East Asians in the United Kingdom">East Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="South Asians in the United Kingdom">South Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Southeast Asians in the United Kingdom">Southeast Asians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Australians" title="Asian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders" title="Asian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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