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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>First World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Post-war life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literary career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death and legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Death_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Death and legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Death_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Memorials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poetry_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Poetry collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Other works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>General sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_and_archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_and_archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Works and archives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_and_archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_and_interviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_and_interviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Articles and interviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_and_interviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Graves</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B2" title="روبرت جريفز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت جريفز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2" title="رابرت قریوز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رابرت قریوز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Роберт Грэйвс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роберт Грэйвс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Робърт Грейвс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Робърт Грейвс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%B2%CF%82" title="Ρόμπερτ Γκρέιβς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρόμπερτ Γκρέιβς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2" title="رابرت گریوز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت گریوز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C%EC%8A%A4" title="로버트 그레이브스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 그레이브스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BE%D5%BD" title="Ռոբերտ Գրեյվս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոբերտ Գրեյվս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A1" title="רוברט גרייבס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט גרייבס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="რობერტ გრეივზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რობერტ გრეივზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertus_Graves" title="Robertus Graves – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Robertus Graves" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B2_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8)" title="روبرت جريفز (كاتب) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت جريفز (كاتب)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%82%B9" title="ロバート・グレーヴス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・グレーヴス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8" title="ਰਾਬਰਟ ਗਰਾਵੇਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਬਰਟ ਗਰਾਵੇਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2" title="رابرٹ گریوز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رابرٹ گریوز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D9%88%D8%B2" title="رابرت ګرېوز – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رابرت ګرېوز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%81,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Грейвс, Роберт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грейвс, Роберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Роберт Грејвс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Роберт Грејвс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="றொபேட் கிறேவ்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="றொபேட் கிறேவ்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Роберт Ґрейвс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Ґрейвс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Robert Graves" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF" title="羅伯特·格雷夫斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅伯特·格雷夫斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF" title="罗伯特·格雷夫斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗伯特·格雷夫斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q201732#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English poet, novelist, critic, and classicist (1895–1985)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Robert Graves, see <a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Robert Graves (disambiguation)">Robert Graves (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Robert Graves</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Graves_1929_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Graves in 1929"><img alt="Graves in 1929" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Robert_Graves_1929_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Robert_Graves_1929_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Robert_Graves_1929_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Robert_Graves_1929_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Robert_Graves_1929_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Robert_Graves_1929_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="766" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Graves in 1929</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1895-07-24</span>)</span>24 July 1895<br /><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Borough_of_Wimbledon" title="Municipal Borough of Wimbledon">Wimbledon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">7 December 1985<span style="display:none">(1985-12-07)</span> (aged 90)<br /><a href="/wiki/Dei%C3%A0" title="Deià">Deià</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Majorca">Majorca</a>, Spain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Novelist</li><li>poet</li><li>soldier</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St John's College, Oxford">St John's College, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Nicholson" title="Nancy Nicholson">Nancy Nicholson</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1918; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1949)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Beryl Hodge, née Pritchard<br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1950)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">8, including <a href="/wiki/Lucia_Graves" title="Lucia Graves">Lucia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Graves" title="Tomás Graves">Tomás</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1914–19</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)">Captain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Welch_Fusiliers" title="Royal Welch Fusiliers">Royal Welch Fusiliers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Captain <b>Robert von Ranke Graves</b> (24 July 1895 – 7 December 1985)<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an English poet, soldier, <a href="/wiki/Historical_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical novels">historical novelist</a> and critic. His father was <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Perceval_Graves" title="Alfred Perceval Graves">Alfred Perceval Graves</a>, a celebrated Irish poet and figure in the <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_revival" title="Gaelic revival">Gaelic revival</a>; they were both <a href="/wiki/Celtic_studies" title="Celtic studies">Celticists</a> and students of <a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish mythology</a>. </p><p>Robert Graves produced more than 140 works in his lifetime. His poems, his translations and innovative analysis of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek myths</a>, his memoir of his early life—including his role in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>—<i><a href="/wiki/Good-Bye_to_All_That" title="Good-Bye to All That">Good-Bye to All That</a></i> (1929), and his speculative study of poetic inspiration <i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Goddess" title="The White Goddess">The White Goddess</a></i> have never been out of print.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also a renowned short story writer, with stories such as "The Tenement" still being popular today. </p><p>He earned his living from writing, particularly popular historical novels such as <i><a href="/wiki/I,_Claudius" title="I, Claudius">I, Claudius</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/King_Jesus_(novel)" title="King Jesus (novel)">King Jesus</a></i>; <i>The Golden Fleece</i>; and <i><a href="/wiki/Count_Belisarius" title="Count Belisarius">Count Belisarius</a></i>. He also was a prominent translator of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> texts; his versions of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Caesars" title="The Twelve Caesars">The Twelve Caesars</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Ass" title="The Golden Ass">The Golden Ass</a></i> remain popular for their clarity and entertaining style. Graves was awarded the 1934 <a href="/wiki/James_Tait_Black_Memorial_Prize" title="James Tait Black Memorial Prize">James Tait Black Memorial Prize</a> for both <i>I, Claudius</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Claudius_the_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudius the God">Claudius the God</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Graves's eldest half-brother, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Graves" title="Philip Graves">Philip Perceval Graves</a>, achieved success as a journalist and his younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Patrick_Graves" title="Charles Patrick Graves">Charles Patrick Graves</a>, was a writer and journalist.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Graves was born into a middle-class family in <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Borough_of_Wimbledon" title="Municipal Borough of Wimbledon">Wimbledon</a>, then part of <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, now part of south London. He was the eighth of ten children born to <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Perceval_Graves" title="Alfred Perceval Graves">Alfred Perceval Graves</a> (1846–1931), who was the sixth child and second son of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Graves_(bishop)" title="Charles Graves (bishop)">Charles Graves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Limerick,_Ardfert_and_Aghadoe" title="Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe">Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-boy2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boy2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was an Irish school inspector, <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaelic</a> scholar and the author of the popular song "Father O'Flynn", and his mother was his father's second wife, Amalie Elisabeth Sophie von Ranke (1857–1951), grandniece of the historian <a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke" title="Leopold von Ranke">Leopold von Ranke</a>. His uncle was the admiral commanding the <a href="/wiki/Nore" title="Nore">Nore</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Poore,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Poore, 4th Baronet">Sir Richard Poore, 4th Baronet</a>. </p><p>At the age of seven, <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_pneumonia" title="Classification of pneumonia">double pneumonia</a> following <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a> almost took Graves's life, the first of three occasions when he was despaired of by his doctors as a result of afflictions of the lungs, the second being the result of a war wound and the third when he contracted <a href="/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="1918 flu pandemic">Spanish influenza</a> in late 1918, immediately before <a href="/wiki/Demobilization" title="Demobilization">demobilisation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At school, Graves was enrolled as Robert von Ranke Graves, and in Germany his books are published under that name, but before and during the First World War the name caused him difficulties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Graves received his early education at a series of six <a href="/wiki/Preparatory_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Preparatory school (United Kingdom)">preparatory schools</a>, including <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_School" title="King's College School">King's College School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wimbledon,_London" title="Wimbledon, London">Wimbledon</a>, Penrallt in Wales, <a href="/wiki/Hillbrow_School" title="Hillbrow School">Hillbrow School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rugby,_Warwickshire" title="Rugby, Warwickshire">Rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rokeby_Preparatory_School" title="Rokeby Preparatory School">Rokeby School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wimbledon,_London" title="Wimbledon, London">Wimbledon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copthorne_Prep_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Copthorne Prep School">Copthorne</a> in Sussex, from which last in 1909 he won a scholarship to <a href="/wiki/Charterhouse_School" title="Charterhouse School">Charterhouse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There he began to write poetry, and took up boxing, in due course becoming school champion at both <a href="/wiki/Welterweight" title="Welterweight">welter-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middleweight" title="Middleweight">middleweight</a>. He claimed that this was in response to persecution because of the German element in his name, his outspokenness, his scholarly and moral seriousness, and his poverty relative to the other boys.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also sang in the choir, meeting there an aristocratic boy three years younger, <a href="/wiki/George_Harcourt_Vanden-Bampde-Johnstone,_3rd_Baron_Derwent" title="George Harcourt Vanden-Bampde-Johnstone, 3rd Baron Derwent">G. H. "Peter" Johnstone</a>, with whom he began an intense romantic friendship, the scandal of which led ultimately to an interview with the headmaster.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Graves himself called it "chaste and sentimental" and "proto-homosexual," and though he was clearly in love with Peter (disguised by the name "Dick" in <i><a href="/wiki/Good-Bye_to_All_That" title="Good-Bye to All That">Good-Bye to All That</a></i>), he denied that their relationship was ever sexual.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was warned about Peter's proclivities by other contemporaries.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the masters his chief influence was <a href="/wiki/George_Mallory" title="George Mallory">George Mallory</a>, who introduced him to contemporary literature and took him mountaineering in the holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his final year at Charterhouse, he won a <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classical</a> <a href="/wiki/Exhibition_(scholarship)" title="Exhibition (scholarship)">exhibition</a> to <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St John's College, Oxford">St John's College, Oxford</a>, but did not take his place there until after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_World_War">First World War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> in August 1914, Graves enlisted almost immediately, taking a commission in the 3rd Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Welch_Fusiliers" title="Royal Welch Fusiliers">Royal Welch Fusiliers</a> as a second lieutenant (on probation) on 12 August.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was confirmed in his rank on 10 March 1915,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and received rapid promotion, being promoted to lieutenant on 5 May 1915 and to captain on 26 October.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1916 an officer who disliked him spread the rumour that he was the brother of a captured German spy who had assumed the name "<a href="/wiki/Armgaard_Karl_Graves" title="Armgaard Karl Graves">Karl Graves</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The problem resurfaced in a minor way in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, when a suspicious rural policeman blocked his appointment to the <a href="/wiki/Special_Constabulary" title="Special Constabulary">Special Constabulary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He published his first volume of poems, <i>Over the Brazier</i>, in 1916. He developed an early reputation as a war poet and was one of the first to write realistic poems about the experience of frontline conflict. In later years, he omitted his war poems from his collections, on the grounds that they were too obviously "part of the war poetry boom." At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme_(1916)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Somme (1916)">Battle of the Somme</a>, he was so badly wounded by a shell-fragment through the lung that he was expected to die and was officially reported as having died of wounds.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He gradually recovered and, apart from a brief spell back in France, spent the remainder of the war in England.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of Graves's friends at this time was the poet <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Sassoon" title="Siegfried Sassoon">Siegfried Sassoon</a>, a fellow officer in his regiment. They both convalesced at <a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville College, Oxford</a>, which was used as a hospital for officers. "How unlike you to crib my idea of going to the Ladies' College at Oxford," Sassoon wrote to him in 1917. At Somerville College, Graves met and fell in love with Marjorie, a nurse and professional pianist, but stopped writing to her once he learned she was engaged. About his time at Somerville, he wrote: "I enjoyed my stay at Somerville. The sun shone, and the discipline was easy."<sup id="cite_ref-RGraves_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RGraves-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1917, Sassoon rebelled against the conduct of the war by making a public anti-war statement. Graves feared Sassoon could face a <a href="/wiki/Court_martial" class="mw-redirect" title="Court martial">court martial</a> and intervened with the military authorities, persuading them that Sassoon was experiencing <a href="/wiki/Shell_shock" title="Shell shock">shell shock</a> and that they should treat him accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sassoon was sent to <a href="/wiki/Craiglockhart_Hydropathic" title="Craiglockhart Hydropathic">Craiglockhart</a>, a military hospital in Edinburgh, where he was treated by <a href="/wiki/W._H._R._Rivers" title="W. H. R. Rivers">W. H. R. Rivers</a> and met fellow patient <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Wilfred Owen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graves was treated here as well. Graves also had shell shock, or <a href="/wiki/Neurasthenia" title="Neurasthenia">neurasthenia</a> as it was then called, but he was never hospitalised for it, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I thought of going back to France, but realized the absurdity of the notion. Since 1916, the fear of gas obsessed me: any unusual smell, even a sudden strong scent of flowers in a garden, was enough to send me trembling. And I couldn't face the sound of heavy shelling now; the noise of a car back-firing would send me flat on my face, or running for cover.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The friendship between Graves and Sassoon is documented in Graves's letters and biographies. The intensity of their early relationship is demonstrated in Graves's collection <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairies_and_Fusiliers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fairies and Fusiliers (page does not exist)">Fairies and Fusiliers</a></i> (1917), which contains many poems celebrating their friendship. Sassoon remarked upon a "heavy sexual element" within it, an observation supported by the sentimental nature of much of the surviving correspondence between the two men. Through Sassoon, Graves became a friend of Wilfred Owen, "who often used to send me poems from France".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LitHub_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LitHub-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1917, Graves was seconded for duty with a garrison battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graves's army career ended dramatically with an incident which could have led to a charge of <a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">desertion</a>. Having been posted to <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a> in late 1918, he "woke up with a sudden chill, which I recognized as the first symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_influenza" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish influenza">Spanish influenza</a>." "I decided to make a run for it," he wrote, "I should at least have my influenza in an English, and not an Irish, hospital." Arriving at <a href="/wiki/London_Waterloo_station" title="London Waterloo station">Waterloo</a> with a high fever but without the official papers that would secure his release from the army, he chanced to share a taxi with a demobilisation officer also returning from Ireland, who completed his papers for him with the necessary secret codes.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-war_life">Post-war life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-war life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Graves_home_in_Dei%C3%A0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Robert_Graves_home_in_Dei%C3%A0.jpg/220px-Robert_Graves_home_in_Dei%C3%A0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Robert_Graves_home_in_Dei%C3%A0.jpg/330px-Robert_Graves_home_in_Dei%C3%A0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Robert_Graves_home_in_Dei%C3%A0.jpg/440px-Robert_Graves_home_in_Dei%C3%A0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The home of Robert Graves in Deià, Majorca</figcaption></figure> <p>Immediately after the war, Graves with his wife, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Nicholson" title="Nancy Nicholson">Nancy Nicholson</a> had a growing family, but he was financially insecure and weakened physically and mentally: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> Very thin, very nervous and with about four years' loss of sleep to make up, I was waiting until I got well enough to go to Oxford on the Government educational grant. I knew that it would be years before I could face anything but a quiet country life. My disabilities were many: I could not use a telephone, I felt sick every time I travelled by train, and to see more than two new people in a single day prevented me from sleeping. I felt ashamed of myself as a drag on Nancy, but had sworn on the very day of my demobilization never to be under anyone's orders for the rest of my life. Somehow I must live by writing.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In October 1919, he took up his place at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, soon changing course to <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English Language and Literature</a>, though managing to retain his Classics <a href="/wiki/Exhibition_(scholarship)" title="Exhibition (scholarship)">exhibition</a>. In consideration of his health, he was permitted to live a little outside <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Boars_Hill" title="Boars Hill">Boars Hill</a>, where the residents included <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bridges" title="Robert Bridges">Robert Bridges</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Masefield" title="John Masefield">John Masefield</a> (his landlord), <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Blunden" title="Edmund Blunden">Edmund Blunden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Murray" title="Gilbert Murray">Gilbert Murray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nichols_(poet)" title="Robert Nichols (poet)">Robert Nichols</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the family moved to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Worlds_End_Cottage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Worlds End Cottage (page does not exist)">Worlds End Cottage</a> on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collice_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collice Street (page does not exist)">Collice Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islip,_Oxfordshire" title="Islip, Oxfordshire">Islip</a>, Oxfordshire.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His most notable Oxford companion was <a href="/wiki/T._E._Lawrence" title="T. E. Lawrence">T. E. Lawrence</a>, then a <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellow</a> of <a href="/wiki/All_Souls_College,_Oxford" title="All Souls College, Oxford">All Souls</a>, with whom he discussed contemporary poetry and shared in the planning of elaborate pranks.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time, he had become an <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work was part of the <a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics#Literature" title="Art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics">literature event</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics">art competition</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While still an undergraduate he established a grocers shop on the outskirts of Oxford but the business soon failed. He also failed his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a> degree but was exceptionally permitted to take in 1925 a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Letters" title="Bachelor of Letters">Bachelor of Letters</a> by dissertation instead,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowing him to pursue a teaching career. </p><p>In 1926, he took up a post as a professor of English Literature at <a href="/wiki/Cairo_University" title="Cairo University">Cairo University</a>, accompanied by his wife, their children and the poet <a href="/wiki/Laura_Riding" title="Laura Riding">Laura Riding</a>, with whom he was having an affair. Graves later claimed that one of his pupils at the university was a young <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a>, but obviously untrue as Nasser was only eight years old at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He returned to London briefly, where he separated from his wife under highly emotional circumstances (and at one point Riding attempted suicide) before leaving to live with Riding in <a href="/wiki/Dei%C3%A0" title="Deià">Deià</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Majorca">Majorca</a>. There they continued to publish <a href="/wiki/Letterpress_printing" title="Letterpress printing">letterpress</a> books under the rubric of the <a href="/wiki/Seizin_Press" title="Seizin Press">Seizin Press</a>, founded and edited the literary journal, <i><a href="/wiki/Epilogue_(periodical)" title="Epilogue (periodical)">Epilogue</a></i> and wrote two successful academic books together: <i>A Survey of Modernist Poetry</i> (1927) and <i>A Pamphlet Against Anthologies</i> (1928); both had great influence on modern literary criticism, particularly <a href="/wiki/New_Criticism" title="New Criticism">New Criticism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_career">Literary career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Literary career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1927, Graves published <i>Lawrence and the Arabs</i>, a commercially successful biography of <a href="/wiki/T._E._Lawrence" title="T. E. Lawrence">T. E. Lawrence</a>. The autobiographical <i><a href="/wiki/Good-Bye_to_All_That" title="Good-Bye to All That">Good-Bye to All That</a></i> (1929, revised by him and republished in 1957) proved a success but cost him many of his friends, notably Siegfried Sassoon. In 1934, he published his most commercially successful work, <i><a href="/wiki/I,_Claudius" title="I, Claudius">I, Claudius</a></i>. Using classical sources (under the advice of classics scholar <a href="/wiki/Eirlys_Roberts" title="Eirlys Roberts">Eirlys Roberts</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-SObit_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SObit-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he constructed a complex and compelling tale of the life of the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>, a tale extended in the sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Claudius_the_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudius the God">Claudius the God</a></i> (1935). <i>I, Claudius</i> received the <a href="/wiki/James_Tait_Black_Memorial_Prize" title="James Tait Black Memorial Prize">James Tait Black Memorial Prize</a> in 1934. Later, in the 1970s, the Claudius books were turned into the very popular television series <i><a href="/wiki/I,_Claudius_(TV_series)" title="I, Claudius (TV series)">I, Claudius</a></i>, with <a href="/wiki/Sir_Derek_Jacobi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Derek Jacobi">Sir Derek Jacobi</a> shown in both Britain and United States. Another historical novel by Graves, <i><a href="/wiki/Count_Belisarius" title="Count Belisarius">Count Belisarius</a></i> (1938), recounts the career of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> general <a href="/wiki/Belisarius" title="Belisarius">Belisarius</a>. </p><p>Graves and Riding left Majorca in 1936 at the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> and in 1939, they moved to the United States, taking lodging in <a href="/wiki/New_Hope,_Pennsylvania" title="New Hope, Pennsylvania">New Hope</a>, Pennsylvania. Their volatile relationship and eventual breakup was described by Robert's nephew <a href="/wiki/Richard_Perceval_Graves" title="Richard Perceval Graves">Richard Perceval Graves</a> in <i>Robert Graves: 1927–1940: the Years with Laura</i>, and <a href="/wiki/T._S._Matthews" title="T. S. Matthews">T. S. Matthews</a>'s <i>Jacks or Better</i> (1977). It was also the basis for <a href="/wiki/Miranda_Seymour" title="Miranda Seymour">Miranda Seymour</a>'s novel <i>The Summer of '39</i> (1998). </p><p>After returning to Britain, Graves began a relationship with Beryl Hodge, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Alan_Hodge" title="Alan Hodge">Alan Hodge</a>, his collaborator on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Week-End" title="The Long Week-End">The Long Week-End</a></i> (1940) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Reader_Over_Your_Shoulder" title="The Reader Over Your Shoulder">The Reader Over Your Shoulder</a></i> (1943; republished in 1947 as <i>The Use and Abuse of the English Language</i> but subsequently republished several times under its original title). Graves and Beryl (they were not to marry until 1950) lived in <a href="/wiki/Galmpton,_Torbay" title="Galmpton, Torbay">Galmpton, Torbay</a> until 1946, when they re-established a home with their three children, in <a href="/wiki/Dei%C3%A0" title="Deià">Deià</a>, Majorca. The house is now a museum. The year 1946 also saw the publication of his historical novel <i><a href="/wiki/King_Jesus_(novel)" title="King Jesus (novel)">King Jesus</a></i>. He published <i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Goddess" title="The White Goddess">The White Goddess</a>: A Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth</i> in 1948; it is a study of the nature of poetic inspiration, interpreted in terms of the classical and Celtic mythology he knew so well.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He turned to science fiction with <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_in_New_Crete" title="Seven Days in New Crete">Seven Days in New Crete</a></i> (1949) and in 1953 he published <i>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nazarene_Gospel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nazarene Gospel (page does not exist)">Nazarene Gospel</a> Restored</i> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Podro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Podro (page does not exist)">Joshua Podro</a>. He also wrote <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hercules,_My_Shipmate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hercules, My Shipmate (page does not exist)">Hercules, My Shipmate</a></i>, published under that name in 1945 (but first published as <i>The Golden Fleece</i> in 1944). </p><p>In 1955, he published <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greek_Myths" title="The Greek Myths">The Greek Myths</a></i>, which retells a large body of Greek myths, each tale followed by extensive commentary drawn from the system of <i>The White Goddess</i>. His retellings are well respected; many of his unconventional interpretations and etymologies are dismissed by classicists.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graves in turn dismissed the reactions of classical scholars, arguing that they are too specialised and "prose-minded" to interpret "ancient poetic meaning," and that "the few independent thinkers ... [are] the poets, who try to keep civilisation alive."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He published a volume of short stories, <i>¡Catacrok! Mostly Stories, Mostly Funny</i>, in 1956. In 1961, he became Professor of Poetry at Oxford, a post he held until 1966. </p><p>In 1967, Robert Graves published, together with <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali-Shah" title="Omar Ali-Shah">Omar Ali-Shah</a>, a new translation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam" title="Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam">Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eagle_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eagle-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The translation quickly became controversial; Graves was attacked for trying to break the spell of famed passages in <a href="/wiki/Edward_FitzGerald_(poet)" title="Edward FitzGerald (poet)">Edward FitzGerald</a>'s Victorian translation, and <a href="/wiki/L._P._Elwell-Sutton" class="mw-redirect" title="L. P. Elwell-Sutton">L. P. Elwell-Sutton</a>, an orientalist at <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh University">Edinburgh University</a>, maintained that the manuscript used by Ali-Shah and Graves, which Ali-Shah and his brother <a href="/wiki/Idries_Shah" title="Idries Shah">Idries Shah</a> claimed had been in their family for 800 years, was a forgery.<sup id="cite_ref-eagle_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eagle-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The translation was a critical disaster and Graves's reputation suffered severely due to what the public perceived as his gullibility in falling for the Shah brothers' deception.<sup id="cite_ref-eagle_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eagle-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Graves_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graves-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, Graves was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gold_Medal_for_Poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry">Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry</a> by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>. His private audience with the Queen was shown in the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Family_(film)" title="Royal Family (film)">Royal Family</a></i>, which aired in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 1960s until his death, Robert Graves frequently exchanged letters with <a href="/wiki/Spike_Milligan" title="Spike Milligan">Spike Milligan</a>. Many of their letters to each other are collected in the book <i>Dear Robert, Dear Spike</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sexuality">Sexuality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robert Graves was <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>, having intense romantic relationships with both men and women, though the word he coined for it was "pseudo-homosexual."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graves was raised to be "prudishly innocent, as my mother had planned I should be."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother, Amy, forbade speaking about sex, save in a "gruesome" context, and all skin "must be covered."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At his days in Penrallt, he had "innocent crushes" on boys; one in particular was a boy named Ronny, who "climbed trees, killed pigeons with a catapult and broke all the school rules while never seeming to get caught."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Charterhouse, an all-boys school, it was common for boys to develop "amorous but seldom erotic" relationships, which the headmaster mostly ignored.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graves described boxing with a friend, Raymond Rodakowski, as having a "a lot of sex feeling".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And although Graves admitted to loving Raymond, he dismissed it as "more comradely than amorous."<sup id="cite_ref-Graves_2014,_p._70_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graves_2014,_p._70-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his fourth year at Charterhouse, Graves met "Dick" (George "Peter" Harcourt Johnstone) with whom he developed "an even stronger relationship".<sup id="cite_ref-Graves_2014,_p._70_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graves_2014,_p._70-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnstone was an object of adoration in Graves's early poems. Graves's feelings for Johnstone were exploited by bullies, who led Graves to believe that Johnstone was seen kissing the choir-master. Graves, jealous, demanded the choir-master's resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the First World War, Johnstone remained a "solace" to Graves. Despite Graves's own "pure and innocent" view of Johnstone, Graves's cousin Gerald wrote in a letter that Johnstone was: "not at all the innocent fellow I took him for, but as bad as anyone could be".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnstone remained a subject for Graves's poems despite this. Communication between them ended when Johnstone's mother found their letters and forbade further contact with Graves.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnstone was later arrested for attempting to seduce a Canadian soldier, which removed Graves's denial about Johnstone's infidelity, causing Graves to collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1917, Graves met Marjorie Machin, an auxiliary nurse from Kent. He admired her "direct manner and practical approach to life". Graves did not pursue the relationship when he realised Machin had a fiancé on the Front.<sup id="cite_ref-Seymour_2003,_p._63_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seymour_2003,_p._63-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This began a period where Graves began to be interested in women with more masculine traits.<sup id="cite_ref-Seymour_2003,_p._63_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seymour_2003,_p._63-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nancy Nicholson, his future wife, was an ardent feminist: she kept her hair short, wore trousers, and had "boyish directness and youth."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her feminism never conflicted with Graves's own ideas of female superiority.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siegfried Sassoon, who felt as if Graves and he had a relationship of a sort, felt betrayed by Graves's new relationship and declined to go to the wedding.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graves apparently never loved Sassoon in the same way that Sassoon loved Graves.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Graves's and Nicholson's marriage was strained, Graves living with "<a href="/wiki/Shell_shock" title="Shell shock">shell shock</a>", and having an insatiable need for sex, which Nicholson did not reciprocate.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nancy forbade any mention of the war, which added to the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1926, he met <a href="/wiki/Laura_Riding" title="Laura Riding">Laura Riding</a>, with whom he ran away in 1929 while still married to Nicholson. Prior to this, Graves, Riding and Nicholson adopted a <a href="/wiki/Menage_a_trois" class="mw-redirect" title="Menage a trois">triadic</a> relationship they called "The Trinity." Despite the implications, Riding and Nicholson were most likely heterosexual.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This triangle became the "Holy Circle" with the addition of Irish poet <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Phibbs" title="Geoffrey Phibbs">Geoffrey Phibbs</a>, who himself was still married to Irish artist <a href="/wiki/Norah_McGuinness" title="Norah McGuinness">Norah McGuinness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This relationship revolved around the worship and reverence of Riding. Graves and Phibbs were both to sleep with Riding.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Phibbs attempted to leave the relationship, Graves was sent to track him down, even threatening to kill Phibbs if he did not return to the circle.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Phibbs resisted, Riding threw herself out of a window, Graves following suit to reach her.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Graves's commitment to Riding was so strong that he entered, on her word, a period of enforced celibacy, "which he had not enjoyed".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1938, no longer entranced by Riding, Graves fell in love with the then-married Beryl Hodge. In 1950, after much dispute with Nicholson (whom he had not divorced yet), he married Beryl.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite having a loving marriage with Beryl, Graves would take on a 17-year-old muse, Judith Bledsoe, in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the relationship was described as "not overtly sexual", in 1952 Graves attacked Judith's new fiancé, getting the police called on him in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later had three successive female muses, who came to dominate his poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%A1pida_Robert_Graves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/L%C3%A1pida_Robert_Graves.jpg/220px-L%C3%A1pida_Robert_Graves.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/L%C3%A1pida_Robert_Graves.jpg/330px-L%C3%A1pida_Robert_Graves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/L%C3%A1pida_Robert_Graves.jpg/440px-L%C3%A1pida_Robert_Graves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1709" data-file-height="1292" /></a><figcaption>Grave of Robert Graves</figcaption></figure> <p>During the early 1970s, Graves began to experience increasingly severe memory loss. By his 80th birthday in 1975, he had come to the end of his working life. He lived for another decade, in an increasingly dependent condition, and had taken a vow of silence before dying of heart failure on 7 December 1985 at the age of 90 years. His body was buried the next morning in the small churchyard on a hill at <a href="/wiki/Dei%C3%A0" title="Deià">Deià</a>, at the site of a shrine that had once been sacred to <a href="/wiki/The_White_Goddess" title="The White Goddess">the White Goddess</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pelion" title="Pelion">Pelion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His second wife, Beryl Graves, died on 27 October 2003 and her body was interred in the same grave.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memorials">Memorials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three of his former houses have a <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a> on them: in <a href="/wiki/Wimbledon,_London" title="Wimbledon, London">Wimbledon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brixham" title="Brixham">Brixham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islip,_Oxfordshire" title="Islip, Oxfordshire">Islip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 November 1985, Graves was among sixteen Great War poets commemorated on a slate stone unveiled in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Poets%27_Corner" title="Poets' Corner">Poets' Corner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inscription on the stone was taken from <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Wilfred Owen</a>'s "Preface" to his poems and reads: "My subject is War, and the pity of War. The Poetry is in the pity."<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 16 poets, Graves was the only one still living at the time of the commemoration ceremony, though he would die less than a month later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children">Children</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Graves had eight children. With his first wife, Nancy Nicholson (1899–1977), he had Jennie (who married journalist <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Clifford" title="Alexander Clifford">Alexander Clifford</a>), David (who was killed in the Second World War), Catherine (who married nuclear scientist <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Dalton" title="Clifford Dalton">Clifford Dalton</a> at <a href="/wiki/Manor_Park,_Aldershot" title="Manor Park, Aldershot">Aldershot</a>), and Sam. With his second wife, Beryl Pritchard Hodge (1915–2003), he had William (author of the well-received memoir <i>Wild Olives: Life on Majorca with Robert Graves</i>), <a href="/wiki/Lucia_Graves" title="Lucia Graves">Lucia</a> (a translator and author whose versions of novels by <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Ruiz_Zaf%C3%B3n" title="Carlos Ruiz Zafón">Carlos Ruiz Zafón</a> have been quite successful commercially), Juan (addressed in one of Robert Graves' most famous and critically praised poems, "To Juan at the Winter Solstice"), and <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Graves" title="Tomás Graves">Tomás</a> (a writer and musician).<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UK government documents released in 2012 indicate that Graves turned down a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, the Nobel Records were opened after 50 years, and it was revealed that Graves was among a shortlist of authors considered for the 1962 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a> (who was that year's recipient of the prize), <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Durrell" title="Lawrence Durrell">Lawrence Durrell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Jean Anouilh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karen_Blixen" title="Karen Blixen">Karen Blixen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-floodjan2013_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-floodjan2013-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graves was rejected because, even though he had written several historical novels, he was still primarily seen as a poet, and committee member <a href="/wiki/Henry_Olsson" title="Henry Olsson">Henry Olsson</a> was reluctant to award any Anglo-Saxon poet the prize before the death of <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a>, believing that other writers did not match his talent.<sup id="cite_ref-floodjan2013_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-floodjan2013-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UK government documents released in 2023 reveal that in 1967 Graves was considered for, but then passed over for, the post of <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom">Poet Laureate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC2023_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2023-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry_collections">Poetry collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Poetry collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em"> <ul><li><i>Over the Brazier</i>. London: The Poetry Bookshop, 1916; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1923.</li> <li><i>Goliath and David</i>. London: Chiswick Press, 1916.</li> <li><i>Country Sentiment</i>, London: Martin Secker, 1920; New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1920</li> <li><i>The Feather Bed.</i> Richmond, Surrey: Hogarth Press, 1923.</li> <li><i>Mock Beggar Hall.</i> London: Hogarth Press, 1924.</li> <li><i>Welchmans Hose.</i> London: The Fleuron, 1925.</li> <li><i>Poems.</i> London: Ernest Benn, 1925.</li> <li><i>The Marmosites Miscellany</i> (as John Doyle). London: Hogarth Press, 1925.</li> <li><i>Poems (1914–1926)</i>. London: William Heinemann, 1927; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1929.</li> <li><i>Poems (1926–1930)</i>. London: William Heinemann</li> <li><i>To Whom Else?</i> Deyá, Majorca: Seizin Press, 1931.</li> <li><i>Poems 1930–1933.</i> London: Arthur Barker, 1933.</li> <li><i>Collected Poems.</i> London: Cassell, 1938; New York: Random House, 1938.</li> <li><i>No More Ghosts: Selected Poems.</i> London: Faber & Faber, 1940.</li> <li><i>Work in Hand</i>, with Norman Cameron and Alan Hodge. London: Hogarth Press, 1942.</li> <li><i>Poems</i>. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1943.</li> <li><i>Poems 1938–1945</i>. London: Cassell, 1945; New York: Creative Age Press, 1946.</li> <li><i>Collected Poems (1914–1947)</i>. London: Cassell, 1948.</li> <li><i>Poems and Satires</i>. London: Cassell, 1951.</li> <li><i>Poems 1953</i>. London: Cassell, 1953.</li> <li><i>Collected Poems 1955</i>. New York: Doubleday, 1955.</li> <li><i>Poems Selected by Himself</i>. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957; rev. 1961, 1966, 1972, 1978.</li> <li><i>The Poems of Robert Graves</i>. New York: Doubleday, 1958.</li> <li><i>Collected Poems 1959</i>. London: Cassell, 1959.</li> <li><i>The Penny Fiddle: Poems for Children</i>. London: Cassell, 1960; New York: Doubleday, 1961.</li> <li><i>More Poems 1961</i>. London: Cassell, 1961.</li> <li><i>Collected Poems</i>. New York: Doubleday, 1961.</li> <li><i>New Poems 1962</i>. London: Cassell, 1962; as <i>New Poems</i>. New York: Doubleday, 1963.</li> <li><i>The More Deserving Cases: Eighteen Old Poems for Reconsideration</i>. Marlborough College Press, 1962.</li> <li><i>Man Does, Woman Is</i>. London: Cassell, 1964/New York:Doubleday, 1964.</li> <li><i>Ann at Highwood Hall: Poems for Children</i>. London: Cassell, 1964; New York: Triangle Square, 2017.</li> <li><i>Love Respelt</i>. London: Cassell, 1965/New York: Doubleday, 1966.</li> <li><i>Collected Poems, 1965</i>. London: Cassell, 1965.</li> <li><i>Seventeen Poems Missing from "Love Respelt"</i>. privately printed, 1966.</li> <li><i>Colophon to "Love Respelt"</i>. Privately printed, 1967.</li> <li><i>Poems 1965–1968</i>. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.</li> <li><i>Poems About Love</i>. London: Cassell, 1969; New York: Doubleday, 1969.</li> <li><i>Love Respelt Again</i>. New York: Doubleday, 1969.</li> <li><i>Beyond Giving</i>. privately printed, 1969.</li> <li><i>Poems 1968–1970</i>. London: Cassell, 1970; New York: Doubleday, 1971.</li> <li><i>The Green-Sailed Vessel</i>. privately printed, 1971.</li> <li><i>Poems: Abridged for Dolls and Princes</i>. London: Cassell, 1971.</li> <li><i>Poems 1970–1972</i>. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.</li> <li><i>Deyá, A Portfolio</i>. London: Motif Editions, 1972.</li> <li><i>Timeless Meeting: Poems</i>. privately printed, 1973.</li> <li><i>At the Gate</i>. privately printed, London, 1974.</li> <li><i>Collected Poems 1975</i>. London: Cassell, 1975.</li> <li><i>New Collected Poems</i>. New York: Doubleday, 1977.</li> <li><i>Selected Poems</i>, ed. <a href="/wiki/Paul_O%27Prey" title="Paul O'Prey">Paul O'Prey</a>. London: Penguin, 1986</li> <li><i>The Centenary Selected Poems</i>, ed. Patrick Quinn. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.</li> <li><i>Complete Poems Volume 1</i>, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: <a href="/wiki/Carcanet_Press" title="Carcanet Press">Carcanet Press</a>, 1995.</li> <li><i>Complete Poems Volume 2</i>, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: <a href="/wiki/Carcanet_Press" title="Carcanet Press">Carcanet Press</a>, 1996.</li> <li><i>Complete Poems Volume 3</i>, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: <a href="/wiki/Carcanet_Press" title="Carcanet Press">Carcanet Press</a>, 1999.</li> <li><i>The Complete Poems in One Volume</i>, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>, 2004.</li> <li><i>Selected Poems</i>, ed. Michael Longley. <a href="/wiki/Faber_%26_Faber" title="Faber & Faber">Faber & Faber</a>, 2012.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiction">Fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em"> <ul><li><i>My Head! My Head!</i>. London: Secker, 1925; Alfred. A. Knopf, New York, 1925.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shout_(short_story)" title="The Shout (short story)">The Shout</a></i>. London: Mathews & Marrot, 1929.</li> <li><i>No Decency Left</i>. (with Laura Riding) (as Barbara Rich). London: Jonathan Cape, 1932.</li> <li><i>The Real David Copperfield</i>. London: Arthur Barker, 1933; as <i>David Copperfield</i>, by Charles Dickens, Condensed by Robert Graves, ed. M. P. Paine. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1934.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I,_Claudius" title="I, Claudius">I, Claudius</a></i>. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1934. <ul><li>Sequel: <i><a href="/wiki/Claudius_the_God_and_his_Wife_Messalina" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina">Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina</a></i>. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1935.</li></ul></li> <li><i>Antigua, Penny, Puce</i>. Deyá, Majorca/London: Seizin Press/Constable, 1936; New York: Random House, 1937.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Count_Belisarius" title="Count Belisarius">Count Belisarius</a></i>. London: Cassell, 1938: Random House, New York, 1938.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Lamb_novels" title="Sergeant Lamb novels">Sergeant Lamb of the Ninth</a></i>. London: Methuen, 1940; as <i>Sergeant Lamb's America</i>. New York: Random House, 1940. <ul><li>Sequel: <i><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Lamb_novels" title="Sergeant Lamb novels">Proceed, Sergeant Lamb</a></i>. London: Methuen, 1941; New York: Random House, 1941.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Marie_Powell:_Wife_to_Mr._Milton" title="The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton">The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton</a></i>. London: Cassell, 1943; as <i>Wife to Mr Milton: The Story of Marie Powell</i>. New York: Creative Age Press, 1944.</li> <li><i>The Golden Fleece</i>. London: Cassell, 1944; as <i>Hercules, My Shipmate</i>, New York: Creative Age Press, 1945; New York: <a href="/wiki/Seven_Stories_Press" title="Seven Stories Press">Seven Stories Press</a>, 2017.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Jesus_(novel)" title="King Jesus (novel)">King Jesus</a>. </i>New York: Creative Age Press, 1946; London: Cassell, 1946.</li> <li><i>Watch the North Wind Rise</i>. New York: Creative Age Press, 1949; as <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_in_New_Crete" title="Seven Days in New Crete">Seven Days in New Crete</a></i>. London: Cassell, 1949.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Islands_of_Unwisdom" title="The Islands of Unwisdom">The Islands of Unwisdom</a></i>. New York: Doubleday, 1949; as <i>The Isles of Unwisdom</i>. London: Cassell, 1950.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Daughter" title="Homer's Daughter">Homer's Daughter</a></i>. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1955; New York: <a href="/wiki/Seven_Stories_Press" title="Seven Stories Press">Seven Stories Press</a>, 2017.</li> <li><i>Catacrok! Mostly Stories, Mostly Funny</i>. London: Cassell, 1956.</li> <li><i>They Hanged My Saintly Billy</i>. London: Cassell, 1957; New York: Doubleday, 1957; New York, <a href="/wiki/Seven_Stories_Press" title="Seven Stories Press">Seven Stories Press</a>, 2017.</li> <li><i>Collected Short Stories</i>. Doubleday: New York, 1964; Cassell, London, 1965.</li> <li><i>An Ancient Castle</i>. London: Peter Owen, 1980.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_works">Other works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em"> <ul><li><i>On English Poetry</i>. New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1922; London: Heinemann, 1922.</li> <li><i>The Meaning of Dreams</i>. London: Cecil Palmer, 1924; New York: Greenberg, 1925.</li> <li><i>Poetic Unreason and Other Studies</i>. London: Cecil Palmer, 1925.</li> <li><i>Contemporary Techniques of Poetry: A Political Analogy</i>. London: Hogarth Press, 1925.</li> <li><i>John Kemp's Wager: A Ballad Opera</i>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1925.</li> <li><i>Another Future of Poetry</i>. London: Hogarth Press, 1926.</li> <li><i>Impenetrability or the Proper Habit of English</i>. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.</li> <li><i>The English Ballad: A Short Critical Survey</i>. London: Ernest Benn, 1927; revised as <i>English and Scottish Ballads</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/William_Heinemann" title="William Heinemann">William Heinemann</a>, 1957; New York: Macmillan, 1957.</li> <li><i>Lars Porsena or the Future of Swearing and Improper Language</i>. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1927; E. P. Dutton, New York, 1927; revised as <i>The Future of Swearing and Improper Language</i>. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1936.</li> <li><i>A Survey of Modernist Poetry</i> (with Laura Riding). London: William Heinemann, 1927; New York: Doubleday, 1928.</li> <li><i>Lawrence and the Arabs</i>. London: Jonathan Cape, 1927; as Lawrence and the Arabian Adventure. New York: Doubleday, 1928.</li> <li><i>A Pamphlet Against Anthologies</i> (with Laura Riding). London: Jonathan Cape, 1928; as <i>Against Anthologies</i>. New York: Doubleday, 1928.</li> <li><i>Mrs. Fisher or the Future of Humour</i>. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1928.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Good-bye_to_All_That" class="mw-redirect" title="Good-bye to All That">Good-bye to All That</a>: An Autobiography</i>. London: Jonathan Cape, 1929; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1930; rev., New York: Doubleday, 1957; London: Cassell, 1957; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1960.</li> <li><i>But It Still Goes On: An Accumulation</i>. London: Jonathan Cape, 1930; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1931.</li> <li><i>T. E. Lawrence to His Biographer Robert Graves</i>. New York: Doubleday, 1938; London: Faber & Faber, 1939.</li> <li><i>The Long Weekend</i> (with Alan Hodge). London: Faber & Faber, 1940; New York: Macmillan, 1941.</li> <li><i>The Reader Over Your Shoulder</i> (with Alan Hodge). London: Jonathan Cape, 1943; New York: Macmillan, 1943; New York, Seven Stories Press, 2017.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Goddess" title="The White Goddess">The White Goddess</a></i>. London: Faber & Faber, 1948; New York: Creative Age Press, 1948; rev., London: Faber & Faber, 1952, 1961; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1958.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dDw7sdhIdlEC"><i>The Common Asphodel: Collected Essays on Poetry 1922–1949</i>. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949.</a></li> <li><i>Occupation: Writer</i>. New York: Creative Age Press, 1950; London: Cassell, 1951.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Ass" title="The Golden Ass">The Golden Ass</a> of <a href="/wiki/Apuleius" title="Apuleius">Apuleius</a></i>, New York: Farrar, Straus, 1951.</li> <li><i>The Nazarene Gospel Restored</i> (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1953; New York: Doubleday, 1954.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greek_Myths" title="The Greek Myths">The Greek Myths</a></i>. London: Penguin, 1955; Baltimore: Penguin, 1955.</li> <li><i>The Crowning Privilege: The Clark Lectures, 1954–1955</i>. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1956.</li> <li><i>Adam's Rib</i>. London: Trianon Press, 1955; New York: Yoseloff, 1958.</li> <li><i>Jesus in Rome</i> (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1957.</li> <li><i>Steps</i>. London: Cassell, 1958.</li> <li><i>5 Pens in Hand</i>. New York: Doubleday, 1958.</li> <li><i>The Anger of Achilles</i>. New York: Doubleday, 1959.</li> <li><i>Food for Centaurs</i>. New York: Doubleday, 1960.</li> <li><i>Greek Gods and Heroes</i>. New York: Doubleday, 1960; as <i>Myths of Ancient Greece</i>. London: Cassell, 1961.</li> <li><i>5 November address</i>, <a href="/wiki/X_(magazine)" title="X (magazine)">X magazine</a>, Volume One, Number Three, June 1960; An Anthology from <i><a href="/wiki/X_(magazine)" title="X (magazine)">X</a></i> (Oxford University Press 1988).</li> <li><i>Selected Poetry and Prose</i> (ed. James Reeves). London: Hutchinson, 1961.</li> <li><i>Oxford Addresses on Poetry</i>. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1962.</li> <li><i>The Siege and Fall of Troy</i>. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1963; New York, Seven Stories Press, 2017.</li> <li><i>The Big Green Book</i>. New York: Crowell Collier, 1962; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1978. Illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Sendak" title="Maurice Sendak">Maurice Sendak</a></li> <li><i>Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis</i> (with <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Patai" title="Raphael Patai">Raphael Patai</a>). New York: Doubleday, 1964; London: Cassell, 1964.</li> <li><i>Majorca Observed</i>. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.</li> <li><i>Mammon and the Black Goddess</i>. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.</li> <li><i>Two Wise Children</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Harlin_Quist" title="Harlin Quist">Harlin Quist</a>, 1966; London: <a href="/wiki/Harlin_Quist" title="Harlin Quist">Harlin Quist</a>, 1967.</li> <li><i>The Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam</i> (with <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali-Shah" title="Omar Ali-Shah">Omar Ali-Shah</a>). London: Cassell, 1967.</li> <li><i>Poetic Craft and Principle</i>. London: Cassell, 1967.</li> <li><i>The Poor Boy Who Followed His Star</i>. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.</li> <li><i>Greek Myths and Legends</i>. London: Cassell, 1968.</li> <li><i>The Crane Bag</i>. London: Cassell, 1969.</li> <li><i>On Poetry: Collected Talks and Essays</i>. New York: Doubleday, 1969.</li> <li><i>Difficult Questions, Easy Answers</i>. London: Cassell, 1971; New York: Doubleday, 1973.</li> <li><i>In Broken Images: Selected Letters 1914–1946</i>, ed. <a href="/wiki/Paul_O%27Prey" title="Paul O'Prey">Paul O'Prey</a>. London: Hutchinson, 1982</li> <li><i>Between Moon and Moon: Selected Letters 1946–1972</i>, ed. <a href="/wiki/Paul_O%27Prey" title="Paul O'Prey">Paul O'Prey</a>. London: Hutchinson, 1984</li> <li><i>Life of the Poet Gnaeus Robertulus Gravesa</i>, ed. Beryl & Lucia Graves. Deià: The New Seizin Press, 1990</li> <li><i>Collected Writings on Poetry</i>, ed. <a href="/wiki/Paul_O%27Prey" title="Paul O'Prey">Paul O'Prey</a>, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.</li> <li><i>Complete Short Stories</i>, ed. <a href="/wiki/Lucia_Graves" title="Lucia Graves">Lucia Graves</a>, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.</li> <li><i>Some Speculations on Literature, History, and Religion</i>, ed. Patrick Quinn, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_translations_of_Homer#Graves" title="English translations of Homer">English translations of Homer § Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Mircea Eliade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Frazer" class="mw-redirect" title="James Frazer">James Frazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Murray" title="Margaret Murray">Margaret Murray</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Perceval Graves, "Graves, Robert von Ranke (1895–1985)", <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online ed., May 2010 – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/31166,">accessed 27 July 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp01882">"National Portrait Gallery – Person – Robert Ranke Graves"</a>. Npg.org.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Portrait+Gallery+%E2%80%93+Person+%E2%80%93+Robert+Ranke+Graves&rft.pub=Npg.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npg.org.uk%2Fcollections%2Fsearch%2Fperson.php%3FLinkID%3Dmp01882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080411031247/http://greenmanreview.com/book/book_graves_whitegoddess.html">[1]</a> Review of <i>The White Goddess – A Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth</i> outlining different editions</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Tait Black Prize winners: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/tait-black/fiction">Previous winners – fiction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100103060144/http://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/tait-black/fiction">Archived</a> 3 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boy2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boy2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoylan1998" class="citation book cs1">Boylan, Henry (1998). <i>A Dictionary of Irish Biography, 3rd Edition</i>. Dublin: Gill and MacMillan. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7171-2945-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7171-2945-4"><bdi>0-7171-2945-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Irish+Biography%2C+3rd+Edition&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Gill+and+MacMillan&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7171-2945-4&rft.aulast=Boylan&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) p. 234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) pp. 21–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) pp. 38–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) pp. 45–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBremer2012" class="citation book cs1">Bremer, John (2012). <i>C.S. Lewis, poetry, and the Great War: 1914–1918</i>. Lexington Books. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-7152-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-7152-3"><bdi>978-0-7391-7152-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C.S.+Lewis%2C+poetry%2C+and+the+Great+War%3A+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-7152-3&rft.aulast=Bremer&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean_Moorcroft_Wilson2018" class="citation book cs1">Jean Moorcroft Wilson (9 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C7NTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT108"><i>Robert Graves: From Great War Poet to Good-bye to All That (1895–1929)</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4729-2915-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4729-2915-0"><bdi>978-1-4729-2915-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Graves%3A+From+Great+War+Poet+to+Good-bye+to+All+That+%281895%E2%80%931929%29&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2018-08-09&rft.isbn=978-1-4729-2915-0&rft.au=Jean+Moorcroft+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC7NTDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) pp. 55–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) pp. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29102" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29102/page/2640">"No. 29102"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 16 March 1915. p. 2640.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29102&rft.pages=2640&rft.date=1915-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29102%2Fpage%2F2640&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29094" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29094/page/2376">"No. 29094"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 9 March 1915. p. 2376.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29094&rft.pages=2376&rft.date=1915-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29094%2Fpage%2F2376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29177" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29177/page/5213">"No. 29177"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i>. 1 June 1915. p. 5213.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29177&rft.pages=5213&rft.date=1915-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29177%2Fpage%2F5213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette29372" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29372/supplement/11459">"No. 29372"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 16 November 1915. p. 11459.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+29372&rft.pages=11459&rft.date=1915-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29372%2Fsupplement%2F11459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (1995) p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (1995) pp. 58–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RGraves-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RGraves_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves1985" class="citation book cs1">Graves, Robert (1985). <i>Good-Bye To All That</i>. Vintage International Edition. p. 248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385093309" title="Special:BookSources/9780385093309"><bdi>9780385093309</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Good-Bye+To+All+That&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Vintage+International+Edition&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780385093309&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) pp. 214–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) pp. 216–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) pp. 219–220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LitHub-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LitHub_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorda2024" class="citation web cs1">Korda, Michael (16 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lithub.com/How-Wilfred-Owen-and-Siegfried-Sassoon-Forged-a-Literary-and-Romantic-Bond">"How Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon Forged a Literary and Romantic Bond"</a>. <i>Literary Hub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Literary+Hub&rft.atitle=How+Wilfred+Owen+and+Siegfried+Sassoon+Forged+a+Literary+and+Romantic+Bond&rft.date=2024-04-16&rft.aulast=Korda&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flithub.com%2FHow-Wilfred-Owen-and-Siegfried-Sassoon-Forged-a-Literary-and-Romantic-Bond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette30354" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30354/supplement/11096">"No. 30354"</a>. <i>The London Gazette</i> (Supplement). 26 October 1917. p. 11096.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+30354&rft.pages=11096&rft.date=1917-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F30354%2Fsupplement%2F11096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) pp. 231–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) p. 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) pp. 238–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indiasprisonerbi00lago/page/194">India's prisoner: a biography of Edward John Thompson, 1886–1946</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (1960) pp. 242–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In addition, between 1919 and 1924 Nancy gave birth to four children in under five years; while Graves (now an atheist like his wife) suffered from recurring bouts of shell-shock." Richard Perceval Graves, 'Graves, Robert von Ranke (1895–1985)', <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edition, October 2006 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/31166">[2]</a> (accessed 1 May 2008).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/920477">"Robert Graves"</a>. <i>Olympedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olympedia&rft.atitle=Robert+Graves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympedia.org%2Fathletes%2F920477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSillerySillery1975" class="citation book cs1">Sillery, A.; Sillery, V. (1975). <i>St. John's College Biographical Register 1919-1975</i>. Vol. 3. Oxford: St. John’s College. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s+College+Biographical+Register+1919-1975&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Oxford%3A+St.+John%E2%80%99s+College&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Sillery&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Sillery%2C+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Graves (1998). <i>Good-Bye to All That</i>. New York: Doubleday. p. 346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilds2014" class="citation book cs1">Childs, Donald J (2014). <i>The Birth of New Criticism: Conflict and Conciliation in the Early Work of William Empson, I.A. Richards, Robert Graves, and Laura Riding</i>. McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/941601073">941601073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+New+Criticism%3A+Conflict+and+Conciliation+in+the+Early+Work+of+William+Empson%2C+I.A.+Richards%2C+Robert+Graves%2C+and+Laura+Riding&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F941601073&rft.aulast=Childs&rft.aufirst=Donald+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SObit-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SObit_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107003501/http://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/eirlys-roberts-1-1163142">"Obituary: Eirlys Roberts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman" title="The Scotsman">The Scotsman</a></i>. 9 April 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/eirlys-roberts-1-1163142">the original</a> on 7 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Eirlys+Roberts&rft.date=2008-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Feirlys-roberts-1-1163142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (1996) pp. 306–12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"[it] makes attractive reading and conveys much solid information, but should be approached with extreme caution nonetheless"</i>. (Robin Hard, H. J. Rose, <i>The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology</i>, p. 690. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-18636-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-18636-6">0-415-18636-6</a>.) See <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greek_Myths" title="The Greek Myths">The Greek Myths</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The White Goddess</i>, Farrar Straus Giroux, p. 224. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-374-50493-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-374-50493-8">0-374-50493-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves, Robert, Ali-Shah, Omar: <i>The Original Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-003408-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-003408-0">0-14-003408-0</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912358-38-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-912358-38-6">0-912358-38-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eagle-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eagle_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eagle_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eagle_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090121003133/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,844564,00.html">Stuffed Eagle</a>, <i>Time</i>, 31 May 1968</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graves-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Graves_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves1995" class="citation book cs1">Graves, Richard Perceval (1995). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/robertgraveswhi00grav"><i>Robert Graves and the White Goddess: The White Goddess, 1940–1985</i></a></span>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/robertgraveswhi00grav/page/446">446</a>–47, 468–72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-10966-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-10966-0"><bdi>0-231-10966-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Graves+and+the+White+Goddess%3A+The+White+Goddess%2C+1940%E2%80%931985&rft.place=London&rft.pages=446-47%2C+468-72&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-231-10966-0&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Richard+Perceval&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frobertgraveswhi00grav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fundaciorobertgraves.org/en/last-years-1968-1985/">"Last Years (1968-1985) | Fundación Robert Graves"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Last+Years+%281968-1985%29+%7C+Fundaci%C3%B3n+Robert+Graves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundaciorobertgraves.org%2Fen%2Flast-years-1968-1985%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Library of Australia <i>NLA News</i> June 2002 Volume XII, Number 9. Retrieved 15 June 2007 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nla.gov.au/pub/nlanews/2002/jun02/article1.html">National Library of Australia newsletter (June 2002)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves, <i>Robert. Good-Bye to All That</i>. Penguin Group (Australia), 2014, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (2014), p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (2014), p. 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (2014), p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (2014), p. 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graves_2014,_p._70-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Graves_2014,_p._70_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Graves_2014,_p._70_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Graves (2014), p. 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 27–28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 51–52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seymour_2003,_p._63-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seymour_2003,_p._63_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seymour_2003,_p._63_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 59–68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 80/114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 167–168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 287</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 332</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 336</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seymour (2003), p. 388</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/beryl-graves-548996.html">"Beryl Graves: Widow and editor of Robert Graves"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> (obituary). 29 October 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Beryl+Graves%3A+Widow+and+editor+of+Robert+Graves&rft.date=2003-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fberyl-graves-548996.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3298489">"Robert Graves blue plaque"</a>. <i>geograph.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=geograph.org.uk&rft.atitle=Robert+Graves+blue+plaque&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geograph.org.uk%2Fphoto%2F3298489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openplaques.org/plaques/6832">"Novelist and poet Robert Graves (July 24th 1895 – Dec 7th 1985) lived here at Vale House 1940–1946. Vale House (circa 17th century) was originally a farmhouse"</a>. openplaques.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Novelist+and+poet+Robert+Graves+%28July+24th+1895+%E2%80%93+Dec+7th+1985%29+lived+here+at+Vale+House+1940%E2%80%931946.+Vale+House+%28circa+17th+century%29+was+originally+a+farmhouse&rft.pub=openplaques.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenplaques.org%2Fplaques%2F6832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxonblueplaques.org.uk/plaques/graves.html">"Robert Graves"</a>. Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Graves&rft.pub=Oxfordshire+Blue+Plaques+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxonblueplaques.org.uk%2Fplaques%2Fgraves.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://net.lib.byu.edu/english/wwi/poets/poets.html">"Poets"</a>. Net.lib.byu.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poets&rft.pub=Net.lib.byu.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnet.lib.byu.edu%2Fenglish%2Fwwi%2Fpoets%2Fpoets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://net.lib.byu.edu/english/wwi/poets/Preface.html">BYU library archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/obituaries/story/0,3604,1075540,00.html">"Obituary – Beryl Graves"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> (obituary). 1 November 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Obituary+%E2%80%93+Beryl+Graves&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fobituaries%2Fstory%2F0%2C3604%2C1075540%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/document2012-01-24-075439.pdf">http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/document2012-01-24-075439.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-floodjan2013-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-floodjan2013_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-floodjan2013_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlison_Flood2013" class="citation web cs1">Alison Flood (3 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jan/03/swedish-academy-controversy-steinbeck-nobel">"Swedish Academy reopens controversy surrounding Steinbeck's Nobel prize"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Swedish+Academy+reopens+controversy+surrounding+Steinbeck%27s+Nobel+prize&rft.date=2013-01-03&rft.au=Alison+Flood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2013%2Fjan%2F03%2Fswedish-academy-controversy-steinbeck-nobel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC2023-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC2023_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerg2023" class="citation news cs1">Berg, Sanchia (19 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-66224984">"No 10 turned down Larkin, Auden and other poets for laureate job"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=No+10+turned+down+Larkin%2C+Auden+and+other+poets+for+laureate+job&rft.date=2023-07-19&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Sanchia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-66224984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_sources">General sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: General sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Graves, Robert (1960). <i><a href="/wiki/Good-Bye_to_All_That" title="Good-Bye to All That">Good-Bye to All That</a></i>, London: Penguin.</li> <li>Seymour, Miranda (1995). <i>Robert Graves: Life on the Edge</i>, London: Doubleday. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-40860-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-40860-9">0-385-40860-9</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Robert_Graves" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Graves" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_Graves" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertgraves.org">Robert Graves Trust and Society Information Portal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fundaciorobertgraves.org/">Robert Graves Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/robert-graves">Profile at Poetry Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/193">Profile, poems written and audio at poets.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070505005716/http://www.poetryarchive.org/poetryarchive/singlePoet.do?poetId=7073">Profile, poems written and audio at Poetry Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp01882">Gallery of Graves's portraits, National Portrait Gallery, London</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiveshub.ac.uk/data/gb473-rg/k">Papers of Robert Graves: Correspondence, 1915–1996</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxonblueplaques.org.uk/plaques/graves.html">Robert Graves's blue plaque at Islip, Oxfordshire; Blue Plaques Scheme</a></li> <li>Translated Penguin Books – at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.penguinfirsteditions.com/index.php?cat=TranslatorsA-G">Penguin First Editions</a> reference site of early first edition Penguin Books.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_and_archives">Works and archives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Works and archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/ww1lit/collections/graves">The Robert Graves Digital Archive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428094015/http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/ww1lit/collections/graves">Archived</a> 28 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voyager.library.uvic.ca/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=2017352">Robert Graves collection</a> at University of Victoria, Special Collections</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.lib.siu.edu/?p=collections/controlcard&id=2233">Robert Graves Papers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720045506/http://archives.lib.siu.edu/?p=collections%2Fcontrolcard&id=2233">Archived</a> 20 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Southern Illinois University Carbondale Special Collections Research Center</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/628">Works by Robert Graves</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Graves%2C%20Robert%20Ranke%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Graves%2C%20Robert%20R%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Graves%2C%20R%2E%20R%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Robert%20Ranke%20Graves%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Robert%20R%2E%20Graves%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22R%2E%20R%2E%20Graves%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Graves%2C%20Robert%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Robert%20Graves%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Robert%20Ranke%20Graves%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Robert%20R%2E%20Graves%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22R%2E%20R%2E%20Graves%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22R%2E%20Ranke%20Graves%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Graves%2C%20Robert%20Ranke%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Graves%2C%20Robert%20R%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Graves%2C%20R%2E%20R%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Graves%2C%20R%2E%20Ranke%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Robert%20Graves%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Graves%2C%20Robert%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Robert%20Ranke%20Graves%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Robert%20R%2E%20Graves%22%20OR%20title%3A%22R%2E%20R%2E%20Graves%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Robert%20Graves%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Robert%20Ranke%20Graves%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Robert%20R%2E%20Graves%22%20OR%20description%3A%22R%2E%20R%2E%20Graves%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Graves%2C%20Robert%20Ranke%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Graves%2C%20Robert%20R%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Robert%20Graves%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Graves%2C%20Robert%22%29%20OR%20%28%221895-1985%22%20AND%20Graves%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Robert Graves</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/beinecke.graves" class="extiw" title="hdl:10079/fa/beinecke.graves">William S. Reese Collection of Robert Graves</a>. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/1178">Works by Robert Graves</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_and_interviews">Articles and interviews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graves&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Articles and interviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/writers/12243.shtml">1965 BBC television interview</a> (29 mins)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Buckman_and_William_Fifield1969" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Peter Buckman and William Fifield (Summer 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/4178/the-art-of-poetry-no-11-robert-graves">"Robert Graves, The Art of Poetry No. 11"</a>. <i>The Paris Review</i>. Summer 1969 (47).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Paris+Review&rft.atitle=Robert+Graves%2C+The+Art+of+Poetry+No.+11&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=Summer+1969&rft.issue=47&rft.date=1969&rft.au=Peter+Buckman+and+William+Fifield&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Finterviews%2F4178%2Fthe-art-of-poetry-no-11-robert-graves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Graves" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Petri Liukkonen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://authorscalendar.info/rgraves.htm">"Robert Graves"</a>. <i>Books and Writers</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/backissues/4/canary4art.htm">Article by Robert H. Canary, "Utopian and Fantastic Dualities in Robert Graves's Watch the North Wind Rise"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertgravesoratorio.co.uk">"The Cool Web: A Robert Graves Oratorio"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702062857/http://robertgravesoratorio.co.uk/">Archived</a> 2 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – First World War commemoration piece based on texts from Robert Graves's poems</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Robert_Graves" title="Template:Robert Graves"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Robert_Graves" title="Template talk:Robert Graves"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Robert_Graves" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Robert Graves"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Robert_Graves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Graves</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shout_(short_story)" title="The Shout (short story)">The Shout</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I,_Claudius" title="I, Claudius"><i>I, Claudius</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/I,_Claudius" title="I, Claudius"><i>Claudius the God</i></a> (1934, 1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Count_Belisarius" title="Count Belisarius">Count Belisarius</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Lamb_novels" title="Sergeant Lamb novels">Sergeant Lamb novels</a> (1940, 1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Marie_Powell:_Wife_to_Mr._Milton" title="The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton">The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Jesus_(novel)" title="King Jesus (novel)">King Jesus</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Islands_of_Unwisdom" title="The Islands of Unwisdom">The Islands of Unwisdom</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_in_New_Crete" title="Seven Days in New Crete">Seven Days in New Crete</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homer%27s_Daughter" title="Homer's Daughter">Homer's Daughter</a></i> (1955)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nonfiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Good-Bye_to_All_That" title="Good-Bye to All That">Good-Bye to All That: An Autobiography</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Week-End" title="The Long Week-End">The Long Week-End</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reader_Over_Your_Shoulder" title="The Reader Over Your Shoulder">The Reader Over Your Shoulder</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Goddess" title="The White Goddess">The White Goddess</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greek_Myths" title="The Greek Myths">The Greek Myths</a></i> (1955)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Nicholson" title="Nancy Nicholson">Nancy Nicholson</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Graves" title="Lucia Graves">Lucia Graves</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Graves" title="Tomás Graves">Tomás Graves</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Perceval_Graves" title="Alfred Perceval Graves">Alfred Perceval Graves</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Patrick_Graves" title="Charles Patrick Graves">Charles Patrick Graves</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Graves" title="Philip Graves">Philip Graves</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Graves_(bishop)" title="Charles Graves (bishop)">Charles Graves</a> (grandfather)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seizin_Press" title="Seizin Press">Seizin Press</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epilogue_(periodical)" title="Epilogue (periodical)">Epilogue</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Laureate" title="The Laureate">The Laureate</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="I,_Claudius_by_Robert_Graves" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:I,_Claudius" title="Template:I, Claudius"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:I,_Claudius" title="Template talk:I, Claudius"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:I,_Claudius" title="Special:EditPage/Template:I, Claudius"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="I,_Claudius_by_Robert_Graves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/I,_Claudius" title="I, Claudius">I, Claudius</a></i> by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Graves</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/I,_Claudius_(TV_series)" title="I, Claudius (TV series)">1976 TV series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_I,_Claudius_episodes" title="List of I, Claudius episodes">Episodes</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Touch_of_Murder" title="A Touch of Murder">A Touch of Murder</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I,_Claudius_(film)" title="I, Claudius (film)"><i>I, Claudius</i> (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I,_Claudius_(radio_adaptation)" title="I, Claudius (radio adaptation)"><i>I, Claudius</i> (radio)</a></li> <li><a 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title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201732#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121379644">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/68929835">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/31293/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJymy7CVPWkqF3qhgvpVmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118639331">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79018421">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11905762j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11905762j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00441543">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Graves, Robert"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV090889">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35141095">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990002848&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX920141">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/39904">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068459017">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/13011733">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000031484&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000002943&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000042299">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=72147">Greece</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=63051">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=102593">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199610656">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/tr577bxc5hxp2kb">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810599492705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/111354">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262069605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521639406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14120019">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00823771?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500291813">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/7d96107b-5f29-49b3-b509-4ec5c0b4f3d6">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/14795/">Victoria</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/840032">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118639331.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118639331">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026901382">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sn0bn5">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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