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class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Aigua+mineral" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Aigua+mineral" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label 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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Legislació_espanyola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislació_espanyola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Legislació espanyola</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislació_espanyola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contingut_mineral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contingut_mineral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contingut mineral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contingut_mineral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alguns_efectes_atribuïts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alguns_efectes_atribuïts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alguns efectes atribuïts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alguns_efectes_atribuïts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Producció" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producció"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Producció</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Producció-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura_sobre_aigües_i_fonts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura_sobre_aigües_i_fonts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Literatura sobre aigües i fonts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura_sobre_aigües_i_fonts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aigua mineral</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 72 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraalwater" title="Mineraalwater - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mineraalwater" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مياه معدنية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مياه معدنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua_mineral" title="Agua mineral - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Agua mineral" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_su" title="Mineral su - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mineral su" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Мінеральная вада - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мінеральная вада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Минерална вода - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Минерална вода" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="খনিজ পানি - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খনিজ পানি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="གཏེར་ཆུ། - tibetà" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གཏེར་ཆུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dour_melar" title="Dour melar - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dour melar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_voda" title="Minerální voda - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Minerální voda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%B5r_mwynol" title="Dŵr mwynol - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dŵr mwynol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralvand" title="Mineralvand - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mineralvand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralwasser" title="Mineralwasser - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mineralwasser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C" title="Μεταλλικό νερό - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεταλλικό νερό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_water" title="Mineral water - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mineral water" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralakvo" title="Mineralakvo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mineralakvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua_mineral" title="Agua mineral - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agua mineral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraalvesi" title="Mineraalvesi - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mineraalvesi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur_mineral" title="Ur mineral - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ur mineral" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="آب معدنی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آب معدنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivenn%C3%A4isvesi" title="Kivennäisvesi - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kivennäisvesi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eau_min%C3%A9rale_naturelle" title="Eau minérale naturelle - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eau minérale naturelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uisc%C3%AD_mianra%C3%AD" title="Uiscí mianraí - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uiscí mianraí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auga_mineral" title="Auga mineral - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Auga mineral" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מים מינרליים - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מים מינרליים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2" title="खनिज जल - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खनिज जल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralna_voda" title="Mineralna voda - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mineralna voda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81sv%C3%A1nyv%C3%ADz" title="Ásványvíz - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ásványvíz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Հանքային ջուր - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանքային ջուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_mineral" title="Air mineral - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Air mineral" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua_minerale" title="Acqua minerale - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acqua minerale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="ミネラルウォーター - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミネラルウォーター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyu_mineral" title="Banyu mineral - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Banyu mineral" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მინერალური წყალი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მინერალური წყალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%81%D1%83" title="Минерал су - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Минерал су" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%B2%9C%EC%88%98" title="광천수 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광천수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Минералдуу суулар - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Минералдуу суулар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_medicata" title="Aqua medicata - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aqua medicata" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralinis_vanduo" title="Mineralinis vanduo - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mineralinis vanduo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C4%81l%C5%ABdens" title="Minerālūdens - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Minerālūdens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Минерална вода - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Минерална вода" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_galian" title="Air galian - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Air galian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraalwaeter" title="Mineraalwaeter - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mineraalwaeter" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraalwater" title="Mineraalwater - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mineraalwater" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralvatn" title="Mineralvatn - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mineralvatn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturlig_mineralvann" title="Naturlig mineralvann - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Naturlig mineralvann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C_%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%B3" title="ଖଣିଜ ଜଳ - oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଖଣିଜ ଜଳ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Суар - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Суар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woda_mineralna" title="Woda mineralna - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Woda mineralna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87" title="کاني اوبه - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کاني اوبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81gua_mineral" title="Água mineral - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Água mineral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C4%83_mineral%C4%83" title="Apă minerală - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apă minerală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Минеральная вода - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Минеральная вода" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Мінеральна вода - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мінеральна вода" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aba_minerale" title="Aba minerale - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Aba minerale" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralna_voda" title="Mineralna voda - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mineralna voda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_water" title="Mineral water - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mineral water" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%A1lna_voda" title="Minerálna voda - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Minerálna voda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralna_voda" title="Mineralna voda - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mineralna voda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Минерална вода - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Минерална вода" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralvatten" title="Mineralvatten - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mineralvatten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="கனிம நீர் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கனிம நீர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88" title="น้ำแร่ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำแร่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_na_tubig" title="Mineral na tubig - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mineral na tubig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maden_suyu" title="Maden suyu - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maden suyu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%83" title="Минераль су - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Минераль су" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Мінеральні води - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мінеральні води" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_suvlar" title="Mineral suvlar - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mineral suvlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_kho%C3%A1ng" title="Nước khoáng - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nước khoáng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E6%B3%89%E6%B0%B4" title="矿泉水 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="矿泉水" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E6%B3%89%E6%B0%B4" title="礦泉水 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="礦泉水" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E6%B3%89%E6%B0%B4" title="礦泉水 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="礦泉水" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q178921#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background:Moccasin"><span style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Ic_local_bar_48px.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Infotaula beguda"><img alt="Infotaula beguda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ic_local_bar_48px.svg/25px-Ic_local_bar_48px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ic_local_bar_48px.svg/38px-Ic_local_bar_48px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ic_local_bar_48px.svg/50px-Ic_local_bar_48px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></span>Aigua mineral</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Stilles_Mineralwasser.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Stilles_Mineralwasser.jpg/221px-Stilles_Mineralwasser.jpg" decoding="async" width="221" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Stilles_Mineralwasser.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="404" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aigua" title="Aigua">aigua</a> i <a href="/wiki/Beguda" title="Beguda">beguda</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178921?uselang=ca#P279" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Spring_water_sasal_izmir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Spring_water_sasal_izmir.jpg/220px-Spring_water_sasal_izmir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="685" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Spring_water_sasal_izmir.jpg/330px-Spring_water_sasal_izmir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Spring_water_sasal_izmir.jpg/440px-Spring_water_sasal_izmir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="2068" /></a><figcaption>Ampolla d'aigua mineral de <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Aigua mineral</b> és una categoria d'<a href="/wiki/Aigua" title="Aigua">aigua</a> que es caracteritza per una presència important de substàncies <a href="/wiki/Minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerals">minerals</a> i altres substàncies amb efectes particulars que n'alteren el gust o li donen un valor terapèutic i que cal que disposin d'una autorització específica de l'<a href="/wiki/Administraci%C3%B3_p%C3%BAblica" title="Administració pública">Administració pública</a> per a ser considerades oficialment com a tals. </p><p>Per a aconseguir l'autorització que permet l'envasat i venda d'aigües minerals s'han de complir normes estrictes de qualitat química (a la pràctica amb anàlisis continus). </p><p>Tradicionalment les aigües minerals es consumien al lloc d'origen en l'activitat anomenada <i>prendre les aigües</i>, com ja feien els pobles antics com ara els romans a les "caldes" o als banys públics. Els balnearis actuals continuen amb aquesta activitat, que ha tingut una revifada després d'una certa davallada amb l'avenç de la <a href="/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina">medicina</a>. </p><p>En els temps moderns és més comú embotellar l'aigua i distribuir-la per al consum privat. A nivell de distribució mundial es poden trobar unes 3.000 marques d'aigua mineral envasada.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L’<b>aigua mineral natural</b> és una aigua d'origen subterrani i protegida de qualsevol contaminació. Les seves característiques químiques han d'ésser estables. Les seves propietats beneficioses per a la salut les ha de tenir de manera natural (no pas afegides). Aquestes aigües contenen sals minerals, com ara clorurs, bicarbonats, sulfats o altres de sodi, calci, magnesi, etc. Algunes d'aquestes aigües també contenen sals de ferro o <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_d%E2%80%99hidrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur d’hidrogen">sulfur d'hidrogen</a> (que els dona una olor desagradable). Durant anys s'ha atribuït propietats curatives al consum d'aquestes aigües, però està en discussió si això té fonament científic.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No és <a href="/wiki/Aigua_potable" title="Aigua potable">aigua potable</a> en el sentit reglamentari, ja que sovint conté substàncies minerals en quantitats massa elevades per a poder ser aigua de consum exclusiu. De tota manera només determinades aigües minerals naturals ultrapassen els criteris de potabilitat; per exemple, a <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, de 74 aigües minerals naturals analitzades per l'Administració, 24 superaven el contingut d'<a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8nic" title="Arsènic">arsènic</a> establert per a l'aigua potable. </p><p>L'<b>aigua minero-medicinal</b> és aquella d'origen natural, utilitzada en terapèutica i amb propietats terapèutiques conegudes i aprovades.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les <a href="/wiki/Sal_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Sal (química)">sals</a>, els compostos <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfurosos</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> es troben entre les substàncies que poden estar <a href="/wiki/Dissoluci%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolució">dissoltes</a> en l'aigua. Sovint l'aigua mineral pot ser <a href="/wiki/Efervescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Efervescent">efervescent</a>. L'aigua mineral pròpiament dita no pot ser preparada, sinó que ha de ser obtinguda de fonts naturals. És declarada d'utilitat pública. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislació_espanyola"><span id="Legislaci.C3.B3_espanyola"></span>Legislació espanyola</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aigua_mineral&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Legislació espanyola"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El codi alimentari espanyol<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> classifica les begudes d'aigua envasada en: </p> <ul><li><b>Mineromedicinals</b>. (han d'ésser declarades d'<a href="/wiki/Utilitat_p%C3%BAblica" class="mw-redirect" title="Utilitat pública">utilitat pública</a>)</li> <li><b>Minerals naturals</b>. (han d'ésser declarades d'utilitat pública)</li> <li><b>De font</b>. (subterrànies sense tractaments però no són minerals)</li> <li><b>Potables preparades</b>.(sotmeses a tractaments fisicoquímics autoritzats; no són minerals, però es poden vendre envasades)</li> <li><b>De consum públic</b> (no són minerals i no es venen envasades).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contingut_mineral">Contingut mineral</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aigua_mineral&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Contingut mineral"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amb caràcter general, com més minerals conté l'aigua més <i>dura</i> es diu que és; l'aigua amb pocs minerals, en canvi, es diu que és <i>tova</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Administraci%C3%B3_d%27Aliments_i_F%C3%A0rmacs" title="Administració d'Aliments i Fàrmacs">FDA</a> dels Estats Units classifica com a aigua mineral la que, entre altres requisits, conté com a mínim 250 parts per milió de sòlids dissolts totals. </p><p>El contingut més o menys elevat de minerals no defineix ell sol una aigua mineral. Hi ha aigües minerals que tenen una mineralització més feble que l'aigua potable de l'aixeta. Així, el que defineix l'aigua mineral és el seu origen subterrani, la seva composició estable i l'absència de qualsevol tractament de desinfecció. Atenent al seu contingut mineral, a Espanya una aigua envasada pot utilitzar aquestes mencions:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>De mineralització molt dèbil:</b> Fins a 50 mg/l de residu sec.</li> <li><b>Oligometàl·lica o de mineralització dèbil:</b> De 50 a 500 mg/l de residu sec.</li> <li><b>De mineralització mitjana:</b> De 500 a 1.500 mg/l de residu sec.</li> <li><b>De mineralització forta:</b> Més de 1.500 mg/l de residu sec.</li> <li><b>Bicarbonatada:</b> Més de 600 mg/l de <a href="/wiki/Hidrogencarbonat" title="Hidrogencarbonat">bicarbonats</a>.</li> <li><b>Sulfatada:</b> Més de 200 mg/l de <a href="/wiki/Sulfat" title="Sulfat">sulfats</a>.</li> <li><b>Clorurada:</b> Més de 200 mg/l de <a href="/wiki/Clorur" title="Clorur">clorurs</a>.</li> <li><b>Càlcica:</b> Més de 150 mg/l de calci.</li> <li><b>Magnèsica:</b> Més de 50 mg/l de <a href="/wiki/Magnesi" title="Magnesi">magnesi</a>.</li> <li><b>Fluorada:</b> Més d'1 mg/l de <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluor</a>.</li> <li><b>Ferruginosa:</b> Més d'1 mg/l de <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a> bivalent.</li> <li><b>Acidulada:</b> Més de 250 mg/l de CO₂ lliure</li> <li><b>Sòdica:</b> Més de 200 mg/l de <a href="/wiki/Sodi" title="Sodi">sodi</a>.</li> <li><b>Indicada per a dietes pobres en sodi:</b> Fins a 20 mg/l de <a href="/wiki/Sodi" title="Sodi">sodi</a>.</li> <li><b>Indicada per a la preparació d'aliments infantils</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Pot tenir efectes laxants.</b></li> <li><b>Pot ser diürètica.</b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alguns_efectes_atribuïts"><span id="Alguns_efectes_atribu.C3.AFts"></span>Alguns efectes atribuïts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aigua_mineral&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Alguns efectes atribuïts"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Les aigües bicarbonatades es diu que tenen un efecte neutralitzant de la secreció gàstrica i estimulen la digestió.</li> <li>Les aigües amb poc sodi sembla que beneficien les persones amb hipertensió arterial, problemes cardíacs, litiasi, afeccions renals o alteracions associades a la retenció de líquids.</li> <li>Les aigües de mineralització dèbil es creu que afavoreixen la funció renal; a més es poden fer servir per a l'elaboració de preparats alimentaris infantils.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Producció"><span id="Producci.C3.B3"></span>Producció</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aigua_mineral&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Producció"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="float:left;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="300px" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Consum d'aigua embotellada per persona<br />a Europa el 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>País </th> <th>Any 2003<br /> <i>en litre/hab</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a></td> <td align="center">200 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a></td> <td align="center">168 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td align="center">140 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hongria" title="Hongria">Hongria</a></td> <td align="center">139 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya">Espanya</a></td> <td align="center">135 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a></td> <td align="center">133 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a></td> <td align="center">133 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8lgica" title="Bèlgica">Bèlgica</a></td> <td align="center">130 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>Mitjana Europea</b></td> <td align="center"><b>118</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia">Polònia</a></td> <td align="center">114 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td align="center">106 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria" title="Bulgària">Bulgària</a></td> <td align="center">100 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">Àustria</a></td> <td align="center">95 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cro%C3%A0cia" title="Croàcia">Croàcia</a></td> <td align="center">84 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A0quia" title="Eslovàquia">Eslovàquia</a></td> <td align="center">73 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Regne_Unit" title="Regne Unit">Regne Unit</a></td> <td align="center">37 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="float:left;"> <table style="width: 25%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20%">    </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div style="float:left;"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Nombre de deus en actiu<br /> a Espanya el 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Comunitat</th> <th>Deus </th></tr> <tr> <td>Catalunya</td> <td align="center">29 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Castella i Lleó</td> <td align="center">20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>País Valencià</td> <td align="center">16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andalucia</td> <td align="center">15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Castella - la Manxa</td> <td align="center">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Galícia</td> <td align="center">13 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aragó</td> <td align="center">12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canàries</td> <td align="center">12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Balears</td> <td align="center">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Astúries</td> <td align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Extremadura</td> <td align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Múrcia</td> <td align="center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Navarra</td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>País Basc</td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rioja</td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cantàbria</td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>TOTAL</b> </td> <td align="center"><b>152</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="float:left;"> <table style="width: 25%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20%">    </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div style="float:left;"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Nombre d'explotacions a Catalunya, el 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Comarca</th> <th>Localitat</th> <th>Explotacions </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">la Selva (16)</td> <td>Arbúcies</td> <td align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Caldes de Malavella</td> <td align="center">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sant Hilari Sacalm</td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Amer</td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Osor</td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vall de Boí</td> <td>Barruera</td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ripollès</td> <td>Ribes de Freser</td> <td align="center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alt Camp</td> <td>Santes Creus-Aiguamúrcia</td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Alt Empordà (2)</td> <td>Vilajuïga</td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maçanet de Cabrenys</td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alt Urgell</td> <td>Estamariu</td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Garrotxa</td> <td>Sant Aniol de Finestres</td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gironès</td> <td>Llagostera</td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Osona</td> <td>Viladrau</td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ribera d'Ebre</td> <td>Tivissa</td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Urgell</td> <td>Vallbona de les Monges</td> <td align="center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="right"><b>TOTAL</b> </td> <td align="center"><b>29</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p><br style="clear:both;" /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura_sobre_aigües_i_fonts"><span id="Literatura_sobre_aig.C3.BCes_i_fonts"></span>Literatura sobre aigües i fonts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aigua_mineral&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Literatura sobre aigües i fonts"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les referències literàries a les aigües minerals són molt nombroses. També abunden els tractats, més o menys especialitzats, sobre fonts notables d'aigües medicinals. La lectura d'aquestes referències permet informar-se sobre les aigües i la vida de les persones en l'època considerada. Una relació, limitada i aleatòria, d'obres que parlen de l'aigua pot llegir-se a continuació. En principi, totes les obres citades poden descarregar-se i llegir-se de manera gratuïta. </p> <ul><li>77. <a href="/wiki/Plini_el_Vell" title="Plini el Vell">Plini el Vell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MaiorLittré1850_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaiorLittré1850-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1580-81. <a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Michel de Montaigne </a> va visitar alguns balnearis a Itàlia i escrigué sobre les seves experiències. També es va banyar i prengué les aigües de Baden-Baden. Cal recordar que patia de pedres al ronyó.<sup id="cite_ref-MontaigneHazlitt1845_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MontaigneHazlitt1845-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bynum2013_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bynum2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Montaigne2016_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montaigne2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1648. <i>De la nature et des vertus des eaux minerales de Dinan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1696. Carlo Fontana. <i>Utilissimo trattato dell'acque correnti</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fontana1696_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontana1696-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'obra tracta, principalment, de la conducció d'aigües.</li> <li>1721. <i>Paralelle Des Eaux Minerales Actuellement Chaudes Et Actuellement Froides Du Diocese Et Pays De Liege</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1740. <i>Amusemens des eaux de Spa. Ouvrage utile a ceux qui vont boire ces eaux minérales sur les lieux</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1747. John Smith. <i>Trattato delle virtù medicinali dell'acqua comune in cui si dimostra, ch'ella ci preserva, e guarisce da infinite malattie con osservazioni fondate su esperienze fatte per quaranta anni</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-(John)1747_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-(John)1747-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1760. Domenico Vandelli. <i>Analisi d'alcune acque medicinali del Modonese</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vandelli1760_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vandelli1760-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1761. Mariano Pizzi. <i>Tratado de las aguas medicinales de Salam-Bir</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ben-AbdalaPizzi1761_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ben-AbdalaPizzi1761-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1771. Juan Gámez. <i>Ensayo sobre las aguas medicinales de Aranjuez</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gámez1771_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gámez1771-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1777. Charles Gabriel Didelot. <i>Examen sur les eaux minerales de la fontaine de Bussang</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-DidelotDidelot1777_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DidelotDidelot1777-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1846. Pedro Felipe Monlau. <i>Elementos de higiene privada</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Monlau1846_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monlau1846-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1850. Francisco ÁLVAREZ ALCALÁ. <i>Manual de las aguas minerales de España, y principales del extranjero</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ALCALÁ1850_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALCALÁ1850-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1856. Aigua de Seltz natural.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1864. Aigua d'Evian.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1882. <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Un_enemic_del_poble_(teatre)" title="Un enemic del poble (teatre)">Un enemic del poble</a></i> (<i>En Folkefiende</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aigua_mineral&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mineralwaters.org/">Water from all over the World</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFFox1992"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Fox</span>, Brian A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37253871"><i>Ciencia de los alimentos, nutrición y salud</i></a>.  México: Editorial Limusa, 1992. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/968-18-4257-X" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/968-18-4257-X">ISBN 968-18-4257-X</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ciencia+de+los+alimentos%2C+nutrici%C3%B3n+y+salud&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Brian+A.&rft.date=1992&rft.pub=Editorial+Limusa&rft.place=M%C3%A9xico&rft.isbn=968-18-4257-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F37253871"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Saz Peiro</span>, Pablo. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055615/http://www.unizar.es/med_naturista/hidroterapia/agua%20mineromedicinal.pdf">Concepto de agua minero-medicinal y legislación actual</a>». <i>Universidad de Zaragoza</i>. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unizar.es/med_naturista/hidroterapia/agua%20mineromedicinal.pdf">original</a> el 4 de març 2016. [Consulta: 3 gener 2016].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/1981/07/24/2119">Real Decreto 2119/1981, de 24 de julio, por el que se aprueba la Reglamentación Técnico-Sanitaria para la elaboración, circulación y comercio de aguas de bebida envasadas.</a>». [Consulta: 27 novembre 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water-education/quality-water-hard.htm">Hard vs. Soft Water Explained</a>». [Consulta: 5 febrer 2009].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/2010/12/30/1798/con">Real Decreto 1798/2010, de 30 de diciembre, por el que se regula la explotación y comercialización de aguas minerales naturales y aguas de manantial envasadas para consumo humano. Anexo III.</a>». [Consulta: 27 novembre 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aesan.gob.es/AECOSAN/docs/documentos/seguridad_alimentaria/evaluacion_riesgos/informes_comite/AGUAS_ALIMENTOS_INFANTILES.pdf">Informe del Comité Científico de la Agencia Española de Consumo, Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición (AECOSAN) sobre los criterios necesarios para poder efectuar en las aguas minerales naturales la mención “indicada para la preparación de alimentos infantiles”</a>». [Consulta: 27 novembre 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/455422/bottled-water-consumption-in-europe-per-capita/">Bottled water consumption per capita Europe 2019</a>» (en anglès). [Consulta: 15 febrer 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ref_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ref_9-1">9,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aneabe.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Mapa-Acuiferos-territorial.pdf">Mapa territorial de acuiferos</a>» (en castellà).  Aneabe, 01-06-2021. [Consulta: 16 febrer 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaiorLittré1850-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MaiorLittré1850_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">C. Plinius Secundus Maior; Maximilien Paul Émile Littré <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=UIdUAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA354"><i>Histoire naturelle de Pline</i></a>.  Dubochet, 1850, p. 354–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+naturelle+de+Pline&rft.date=1850&rft.pub=Dubochet&rft.pages=354%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUIdUAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA354"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MontaigneHazlitt1845-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MontaigneHazlitt1845_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Michel de Montaigne; <a href="/wiki/William_Hazlitt" title="William Hazlitt">William Hazlitt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=L-Qs6z6CWJkC&pg=PA605"><i>The Works of Michael de Montaigne: Comprising His Essays, Letters, Journey Through Germany and Italy. With Notes from All the Commentators, Biographical and Bibliographical Notices, &c. &c</i></a>.  C. Templemon, 1845, p. 605–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+Michael+de+Montaigne%3A+Comprising+His+Essays%2C+Letters%2C+Journey+Through+Germany+and+Italy.+With+Notes+from+All+the+Commentators%2C+Biographical+and+Bibliographical+Notices%2C+%26c.+%26c&rft.date=1845&rft.pub=C.+Templemon&rft.pages=605%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL-Qs6z6CWJkC%26pg%3DPA605"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bynum2013-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bynum2013_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">W. F. Bynum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=gyidO-ZLdiYC&pg=PA952"><i>Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine</i></a>.  Routledge, 20 juny 2013, p. 952–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-136-11036-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-136-11036-8">ISBN 978-1-136-11036-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Companion+Encyclopedia+of+the+History+of+Medicine&rft.au=W.+F.+Bynum&rft.date=20+juny+2013&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.pages=952%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-1-136-11036-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgyidO-ZLdiYC%26pg%3DPA952"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Montaigne2016-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Montaigne2016_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Michel de Montaigne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=-BA6DQAAQBAJ&pg=PT43"><i>Delphi Complete Works of Michel de Montaigne (Illustrated)</i></a>.  Delphi Classics, 9 octubre 2016, p. 43–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-78656-060-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-78656-060-5">ISBN 978-1-78656-060-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delphi+Complete+Works+of+Michel+de+Montaigne+%28Illustrated%29&rft.au=Michel+de+Montaigne&rft.date=9+octubre+2016&rft.pub=Delphi+Classics&rft.pages=43%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-1-78656-060-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-BA6DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT43"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=WaNkAAAAcAAJ"><i>De la nature et des vertus des eaux minerales de Dinan</i></a>.  Jacques Morpé, 1648.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+la+nature+et+des+vertus+des+eaux+minerales+de+Dinan&rft.date=1648&rft.pub=Jacques+Morp%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWaNkAAAAcAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fontana1696-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fontana1696_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Carlo Fontana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=ESpOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP10"><i>Utilissimo trattato dell'acque correnti: diviso in tre libri : nel qvale si notificano le misure, ed esperienze di esse : i giuochi, e scherzi, li quali per mezzo dell'aria, e del fuoco, vengono operati dall'acqua, con diversi necessarii ammaestramenti intorno al modo di far condotti, fistole, bottini, ed altro, per condurre l'acque ne'luoghi destinati. Con una esatta notizia di tutto quello, ch'è stato operato intorno alla conduttura dell'acqua di Bracciano</i></a>.  Nella Stamperia di Gio. Francesco Buagni, 1696, p. 10–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Utilissimo+trattato+dell%27acque+correnti%3A+diviso+in+tre+libri+%3A+nel+qvale+si+notificano+le+misure%2C+ed+esperienze+di+esse+%3A+i+giuochi%2C+e+scherzi%2C+li+quali+per+mezzo+dell%27aria%2C+e+del+fuoco%2C+vengono+operati+dall%27acqua%2C+con+diversi+necessarii+ammaestramenti+intorno+al+modo+di+far+condotti%2C+fistole%2C+bottini%2C+ed+altro%2C+per+condurre+l%27acque+ne%27luoghi+destinati.+Con+una+esatta+notizia+di+tutto+quello%2C+ch%27%C3%A8+stato+operato+intorno+alla+conduttura+dell%27acqua+di+Bracciano&rft.au=Carlo+Fontana&rft.date=1696&rft.pub=Nella+Stamperia+di+Gio.+Francesco+Buagni&rft.pages=10%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DESpOAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPP10"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=2l09AAAAcAAJ"><i>Paralelle Des Eaux Minerales Actuellement Chaudes Et Actuellement Froides Du Diocese Et Pays De Liege: Divisé En Deux Parties : Avec Un Avis Au Public Pour Le Preserver De La Peste, des Fiévres pestilencielles & malignes, & d'autres Maladies de pareille nature. Contenant les Eaux Minerales actuellement chaudes, leur usage dans la Medecine, tant par la Boisson, que par les Bains</i></a>.  Barchon, 1721.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paralelle+Des+Eaux+Minerales+Actuellement+Chaudes+Et+Actuellement+Froides+Du+Diocese+Et+Pays+De+Liege%3A+Divis%C3%A9+En+Deux+Parties+%3A+Avec+Un+Avis+Au+Public+Pour+Le+Preserver+De+La+Peste%2C+des+Fi%C3%A9vres+pestilencielles+%26+malignes%2C+%26+d%27autres+Maladies+de+pareille+nature.+Contenant+les+Eaux+Minerales+actuellement+chaudes%2C+leur+usage+dans+la+Medecine%2C+tant+par+la+Boisson%2C+que+par+les+Bains&rft.date=1721&rft.pub=Barchon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2l09AAAAcAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=pEZkAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA104"><i>Amusemens des eaux de Spa. Ouvrage utile a ceux qui vont boire ces eaux minérales sur les lieux. Enrichi de tailles-douces</i></a>, 1740, p. 104–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amusemens+des+eaux+de+Spa.+Ouvrage+utile+a+ceux+qui+vont+boire+ces+eaux+min%C3%A9rales+sur+les+lieux.+Enrichi+de+tailles-douces&rft.date=1740&rft.pages=104%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpEZkAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA104"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-(John)1747-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-(John)1747_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Smith (John). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=YOurl3ql3g8C&pg=PA58"><i>Trattato delle virtù medicinali dell'acqua comune in cui si dimostra, ch'ella ci preserva, e guarisce da infinite malattie con osservazioni fondate su esperienze fatte per quaranta anni: e si danno alcuni avvertimenti per la regola di vivere. Opera del signor Smith. Aggiungesi il gran febbrifugo del dr. Hancock, Discorso in cui si dimostra con molte esperienze essere l'acqua comune rimedio sicuro in ogni sorta di febbri, e nella peste ancora. Opere trasportate prima dalla lingua inglese nella franzese dal dr. Nogues medico di Parigi, ed ora dalla franzese nella italiana</i></a>.  appresso Simone Occhi, 1747, p. 58–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trattato+delle+virt%C3%B9+medicinali+dell%27acqua+comune+in+cui+si+dimostra%2C+ch%27ella+ci+preserva%2C+e+guarisce+da+infinite+malattie+con+osservazioni+fondate+su+esperienze+fatte+per+quaranta+anni%3A+e+si+danno+alcuni+avvertimenti+per+la+regola+di+vivere.+Opera+del+signor+Smith.+Aggiungesi+il+gran+febbrifugo+del+dr.+Hancock%2C+Discorso+in+cui+si+dimostra+con+molte+esperienze+essere+l%27acqua+comune+rimedio+sicuro+in+ogni+sorta+di+febbri%2C+e+nella+peste+ancora.+Opere+trasportate+prima+dalla+lingua+inglese+nella+franzese+dal+dr.+Nogues+medico+di+Parigi%2C+ed+ora+dalla+franzese+nella+italiana&rft.au=Smith+%28John%29&rft.date=1747&rft.pub=appresso+Simone+Occhi&rft.pages=58%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYOurl3ql3g8C%26pg%3DPA58"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vandelli1760-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Vandelli1760_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Domenico Vandelli. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=1f1bAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA9"><i>Analisi d'alcune acque medicinali del Modonese</i></a>.  Conzatti, 1760, p. 9–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analisi+d%27alcune+acque+medicinali+del+Modonese&rft.au=Domenico+Vandelli&rft.date=1760&rft.pub=Conzatti&rft.pages=9%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1f1bAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA9"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ben-AbdalaPizzi1761-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ben-AbdalaPizzi1761_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Agmer Ben-Abdala; Don Mariano Pizzi <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=BKtCAAAAcAAJ"><i>Tratado de las aguas medicinales de Salam-Bir</i></a>, 1761.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tratado+de+las+aguas+medicinales+de+Salam-Bir&rft.date=1761&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBKtCAAAAcAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gámez1771-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gámez1771_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Juan Gámez. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=7YBwEVi6gboC"><i>Ensayo sobre las aguas medicinales de Aranjuez</i></a>.  por D. Joachin Ibarra, 1771.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ensayo+sobre+las+aguas+medicinales+de+Aranjuez&rft.au=Juan+G%C3%A1mez&rft.date=1771&rft.pub=por+D.+Joachin+Ibarra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7YBwEVi6gboC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DidelotDidelot1777-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DidelotDidelot1777_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Charles Gabriel Didelot; Nicolas Didelot <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=7p88AAAAcAAJ"><i>Examen sur les eaux minerales de la fontaine de Bussang</i></a>.  chez Vautrin, 1777.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Examen+sur+les+eaux+minerales+de+la+fontaine+de+Bussang&rft.date=1777&rft.pub=chez+Vautrin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7p88AAAAcAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monlau1846-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Monlau1846_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Pedro Felipe Monlau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=bzHQtCBinl0C&pg=PA210"><i>Elementos de higiene privada</i></a>.  Imprenta de D. Pablo Riera, 1846, p. 210–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elementos+de+higiene+privada&rft.au=Pedro+Felipe+Monlau&rft.date=1846&rft.pub=Imprenta+de+D.+Pablo+Riera&rft.pages=210%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbzHQtCBinl0C%26pg%3DPA210"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ALCALÁ1850-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ALCALÁ1850_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Francisco ÁLVAREZ ALCALÁ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=UdZZAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA54"><i>Manual de las aguas minerales de España, y principales del extranjero</i></a>.  Librerías de Don Angel Calleja, 1850, p. 54–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+de+las+aguas+minerales+de+Espa%C3%B1a%2C+y+principales+del+extranjero&rft.au=Francisco+%C3%81LVAREZ+ALCAL%C3%81&rft.date=1850&rft.pub=Librer%C3%ADas+de+Don+Angel+Calleja&rft.pages=54%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUdZZAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA54"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=L9o1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA367"><i>Glasgow Medical Journal</i></a>.  A. Macdougall, 1856, p. 367–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glasgow+Medical+Journal&rft.date=1856&rft.pub=A.+Macdougall&rft.pages=367%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL9o1AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA367"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=risst0Gx15wC&pg=PA30"><i>Des Principales eaux minérales de l'Europe, 3</i></a>.  Victor Masson, 1864, p. 30–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Des+Principales+eaux+min%C3%A9rales+de+l%27Europe%2C+3&rft.date=1864&rft.pub=Victor+Masson&rft.pages=30%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drisst0Gx15wC%26pg%3DPA30"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aigua_mineral&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="http://www.eaumineralenaturelle.fr">Chambre Syndicale des Eaux Minérales</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/water/index_es.shtml">Portal d'aigua de la Unesco</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX4576240">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a 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