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農曆 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-称谓" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#称谓"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>称谓</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-称谓-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-陰陽合曆" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陰陽合曆"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>陰陽合曆</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-陰陽合曆-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关陰陽合曆子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-陰陽合曆-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-置閏規則" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#置閏規則"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>置閏規則</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-置閏規則-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-曆法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#曆法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>曆法</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-曆法-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关曆法子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-曆法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-定月" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定月"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>定月</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定月-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-置閏" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#置閏"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>置閏</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-置閏-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>定年</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-詳細定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#詳細定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>詳細定義</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-詳細定義-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关詳細定義子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-詳細定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-天干地支" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#天干地支"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>天干地支</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-天干地支-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-子午" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子午"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>子午</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子午-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>日</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-月朔" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#月朔"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>月朔</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-月朔-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-平朔" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#平朔"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>平朔</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-平朔-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定朔" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定朔"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>定朔</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定朔-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-节气" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#节气"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>节气</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-节气-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-平气" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#平气"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>平气</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-平气-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定气" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定气"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>定气</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定气-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-置閏規則改革" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#置閏規則改革"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>置閏規則改革</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-置閏規則改革-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-習俗節日" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#習俗節日"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>習俗節日</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-習俗節日-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关習俗節日子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-習俗節日-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-日月同數之節日" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日月同數之節日"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>日月同數之節日</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日月同數之節日-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-正月農曆十五日(月圆)元宵节" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#正月農曆十五日(月圆)元宵节"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>正月農曆十五日(月圆)元宵节</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-正月農曆十五日(月圆)元宵节-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-腊月节日" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#腊月节日"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>腊月节日</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-腊月节日-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-节气节日" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#节气节日"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>节气节日</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-节气节日-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各地使用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各地使用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>各地使用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-各地使用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关外部链接子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-其他" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>其他</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">農曆</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。95种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_kalender" title="Chinese kalender – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chinese kalender" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinesischer_Kalender" title="Chinesischer Kalender – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Chinesischer Kalender" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%BB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%93_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%98%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%98%E1%89%81%E1%8C%A0%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="የቻይና አመት መቁጠሪያ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የቻይና አመት መቁጠሪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="تقويم صيني – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقويم صيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="تقويم صينى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تقويم صينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendariu_chinu" title="Calendariu chinu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Calendariu chinu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_t%C9%99qvimi" title="Çin təqvimi – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çin təqvimi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C" title="چین تقویمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چین تقویمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ҡытай календары – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡытай календары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iml%C3%A9k" title="Imlék – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Imlék" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кітайскі каляндар – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кітайскі каляндар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кітайскі каляндар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кітайскі каляндар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iml%C3%A8k" title="Imlèk – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Imlèk" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Китайски календар – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китайски календар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="চীনা বর্ষপঞ্জি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চীনা বর্ষপঞ্জি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deiziadur_sinaat" title="Deiziadur sinaat – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Deiziadur sinaat" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_xin%C3%A8s" title="Calendari xinès – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calendari xinès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B9ng-l%C4%ADk" title="Nùng-lĭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nùng-lĭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%98%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ڕۆژژمێری چینی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژژمێری چینی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADnsk%C3%BD_kalend%C3%A1%C5%99" title="Čínský kalendář – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čínský kalendář" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesiske_kalender" title="Kinesiske kalender – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kinesiske kalender" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinesischer_Kalender" title="Chinesischer Kalender – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chinesischer Kalender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κινεζικό ημερολόγιο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κινεζικό ημερολόγιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chinese calendar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ina_kalendaro" title="Ĉina kalendaro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉina kalendaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_chino" title="Calendario chino – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calendario chino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_kalender" title="Hiina kalender – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiina kalender" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinatar_egutegia" title="Txinatar egutegia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinatar egutegia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="گاهشماری چینی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاهشماری چینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiinalainen_kalenteri" title="Kiinalainen kalenteri – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiinalainen kalenteri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calendrier chinois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjineesk_kalender" title="Sjineesk kalender – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sjineesk kalender" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_cin%C3%AAs" title="Calendari cinês – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Calendari cinês" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sineeske_kalinder" title="Sineeske kalinder – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sineeske kalinder" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%9B%86" title="黃曆 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="黃曆" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalandriy%C3%A9_chinwa" title="Kalandriyé chinwa – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kalandriyé chinwa" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_chin%C3%A9s" title="Calendario chinés – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Calendario chinés" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B9ng-la%CC%8Dk" title="Nùng-la̍k – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nùng-la̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="לוח השנה הסיני – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוח השנה הסיני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="चीनी कालदर्शक – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीनी कालदर्शक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineski_kalendar" title="Kineski kalendar – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kineski kalendar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnai_napt%C3%A1r" title="Kínai naptár – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kínai naptár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D6%81" title="Չինական օրացույց – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չինական օրացույց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%95%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%81" title="Չինական Օրացոյց – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չինական Օրացոյց" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imlek" title="Imlek – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Imlek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiniala_kalendario" title="Chiniala kalendario – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chiniala kalendario" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnverska_t%C3%ADmatali%C3%B0" title="Kínverska tímatalið – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kínverska tímatalið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_cinese" title="Calendario cinese – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calendario cinese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9A%A6" title="中国暦 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国暦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pananggalan_Tionghoa" title="Pananggalan Tionghoa – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pananggalan Tionghoa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჩინური კალენდარი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩინური კალენდარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EB%A0%A5" title="중국력 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국력" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendarium_Sinarum" title="Calendarium Sinarum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Calendarium Sinarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calend%C3%A4io_cin%C3%A9ize" title="Calendäio cinéize – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Calendäio cinéize" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin%C5%B3_kalendorius" title="Kinų kalendorius – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kinų kalendorius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABnie%C5%A1u_kalend%C4%81rs" title="Ķīniešu kalendārs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīniešu kalendārs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetiandro_sinoa" title="Tetiandro sinoa – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tetiandro sinoa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кинески календар – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кинески календар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC" title="ചൈനീസ് കലണ്ടർ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചൈനീസ് കലണ്ടർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendar_Cina" title="Kalendar Cina – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kalendar Cina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="चिनिया पात्रो – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चिनिया पात्रो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_kalender" title="Chinese kalender – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chinese kalender" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_kinesiske_kalenderen" title="Den kinesiske kalenderen – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den kinesiske kalenderen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_kinesiske_kalender" title="Den kinesiske kalender – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den kinesiske kalender" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendi%C3%A8r_chin%C3%A9s" title="Calendièr chinés – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Calendièr chinés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaha_Chaayinaa" title="Dhaha Chaayinaa – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dhaha Chaayinaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendarz_chi%C5%84ski" title="Kalendarz chiński – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalendarz chiński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="چینی تقویم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چینی تقویم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calend%C3%A1rio_chin%C3%AAs" title="Calendário chinês – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calendário chinês" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendarul_chinezesc" title="Calendarul chinezesc – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calendarul chinezesc" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Китайский календарь – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китайский календарь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineski_kalendar" title="Kineski kalendar – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kineski kalendar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="චීන දින දර්ශනය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චීන දින දර්ශනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chinese calendar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitajski_koledar" title="Kitajski koledar – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kitajski koledar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineski_kalendar" title="Kineski kalendar – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kineski kalendar" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C3%A9nder_cina" title="Kalénder cina – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kalénder cina" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesiska_kalendern" title="Kinesiska kalendern – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kinesiska kalendern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalenda_ya_Kichina" title="Kalenda ya Kichina – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kalenda ya Kichina" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="சீன நாட்காட்டி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீன நாட்காட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ปฏิทินจีน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปฏิทินจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendaryong_Intsik" title="Kalendaryong Intsik – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalendaryong Intsik" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_takvimi" title="Çin takvimi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin takvimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Китайський календар – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китайський календар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="چینی تقویم – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چینی تقویم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitoy_taqvimi" title="Xitoy taqvimi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xitoy taqvimi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B4ng_l%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Nông lịch – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nông lịch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendaryo_Tsino" title="Kalendaryo Tsino – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kalendaryo Tsino" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86" title="农历 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="农历" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჩინური კალენდარი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩინური კალენდარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A8" title="כינעזישער קאלענדאר – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כינעזישער קאלענדאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liggaeuq" title="Liggaeuq – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Liggaeuq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86" title="農曆 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="農曆" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%AB-le%CC%8Dk" title="Kū-le̍k – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kū-le̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%9B%86" title="黃曆 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黃曆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134032#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_calendars" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134032" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-307af9e9" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Math"></div></div></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>「<b>夏历</b>」重定向至此。关于<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="戰國時期">戰國時期</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%AD%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="古六曆">古六曆</a>,请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%9B%86_(%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%AD%E6%9B%86)" title="夏曆 (古六曆)">夏曆 (古六曆)</a></b>」。关于<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>政治人物,请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%9B%86_(%E5%BC%98%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%AB)" title="夏曆 (弘治進士)">夏曆 (弘治進士)</a></b>」。</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74069148"><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>「<b>舊曆</b>」重定向至此,您可能想尋找頁面<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="陰曆">陰曆</a></b>或<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="陰陽曆">陰陽曆</a></b>。</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Chinese_calendar_of_Jiawunian.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_Chinese_calendar_of_Jiawunian.png/220px-The_Chinese_calendar_of_Jiawunian.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_Chinese_calendar_of_Jiawunian.png/330px-The_Chinese_calendar_of_Jiawunian.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_Chinese_calendar_of_Jiawunian.png/440px-The_Chinese_calendar_of_Jiawunian.png 2x" data-file-width="2821" data-file-height="3841" /></a><figcaption>2014年1月31日至2015年2月18日格里历、农历甲午年、藏历木马年、伊斯兰历对照日历</figcaption></figure> <p><b>農曆</b>,又称<b>夏历</b>,俗稱<b>阴历</b>,是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>传统的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD%E5%90%88%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="陰陽合曆">陰陽合曆</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="曆法">曆法</a>,广泛应用于<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="漢字文化圈">漢字文化圈</a>。 </p><p>記載此曆法的曆書(又作曆本、歷日、曆日、曆頭),稱為<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="皇曆">皇曆</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="黃曆">黃曆</a>。古代曆書由皇帝頒布,官方印刷,所以稱為皇曆。因多用黃色封皮,又稱黃曆<sup id="cite_ref-光華_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-光華-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。古代有各種類型的黃曆,平民用的稱「民曆」<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,上頭記載入學、安床、裁衣、沐浴、剃頭等日常宜忌之<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="曆注" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="暦注"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曆注(页面不存在)">曆注</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%A6%E6%B3%A8" class="extiw" title="ja:暦注"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">暦注</span></a></span>)</span></span>。皇帝用的「御覽曆」除日常宜忌外,還有頒詔、出師、招賢、遣使等軍國大事宜忌。官吏用的「壬遁曆」,則有上官、上冊、進表、赴任的吉凶<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除黃曆外還有「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%94%BF" title="七政">七政</a>躔度曆」,記載了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%9B%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="七曜">七曜</a>行度用以預測天象,相當於今日的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%9B%86%E8%A1%A8" title="星曆表">天文年曆</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。通書得名自「通天人之際」,是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%93%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="術數">術數</a>家對黃曆的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%B3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="传注">傳注</a>,增添了<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%87%E6%97%A5%E5%AD%B8" title="擇日學">擇日</a>的宜忌規則、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E7%85%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神煞(页面不存在)">神煞</a>起例等<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%93%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="術數">術數</a>理論和方法的內容<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現代通常將黃曆稱為<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%9B%86" title="農民曆">農民曆</a>,因包含了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="二十四節氣">二十四節氣</a>,適宜農民務農。農民曆的雛型可追溯至《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%8F%E6%AD%A3" title="夏小正">夏小正</a>》,該書記載了每個月的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="天象">天象</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8" title="物候學">物候</a>及日常民生活動等農政資訊<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢武帝">漢武帝</a>時因曆法與天象運行失合,召集群臣制定了《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%88%9D%E6%9B%86" title="太初曆">太初曆</a>》,為中國傳統曆法史上一次重大的改革,為後世建立起基本的曆法規則。主導改曆的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%B2%E4%BB%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="太史令">太史令</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%B7" title="司馬遷">司馬遷</a>採用與農時相應的「<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%94#沿革" title="正朔">夏正</a>」為歲首,自此大都採用「夏正」<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>,以<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%85%E6%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="寅月">寅月</a>為正月<sup id="cite_ref-CWB_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWB-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;之後<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="朔日">朔日</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="節氣">節氣</a>的計算方式在後世得到修訂(改為<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%94" title="定朔">定朔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="定气">定氣</a>)。現行農曆是依據既定基本規則,運用現代<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a>成果修訂,依照日月實際運行軌道等天文數據計算得來,而非像古代是據參考座標的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%86%E5%85%83" title="曆元">曆元</a>推算往後之年月日。 </p><p>農曆和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="格里曆">格里曆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭曆">伊斯蘭曆</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度曆法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hindu calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="印度历法">印度曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Hindu calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hindu calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%9B%86" title="佛曆">佛曆</a>一樣,是當代應用廣泛的曆法之一。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="華人地區">華人地區</a>、許多<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中國民族列表">少數民族</a>地區、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>及全世界<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="海外華人社區">海外華人社區</a>,農曆廣泛應用於<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%97%A5" title="生日">生日</a>標記、各種民俗活動節日等,比如「<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%AF%80" title="春節">春節</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%AE%B5%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="元宵節">元宵節</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="端午節">端午節</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中秋節">中秋節</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%99%BD%E7%AF%80" title="重陽節">重陽節</a>」等節慶活動,為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="中華文化">中華文化</a>的象徵。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="称谓"><span id=".E7.A7.B0.E8.B0.93"></span>称谓</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:称谓"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>成立後,<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1" title="孫中山">孫中山</a>宣佈以<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="格里曆">格里曆</a>作官方曆法,稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="國曆">國曆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新曆">新曆</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="中国传统历法">中国傳統曆法</a>則<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%94%E7%A8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="返稱">返稱</a><b>舊曆</b>、<b>傳統曆</b>、<b>古曆</b>。近代也有人将其稱作<b>中曆</b><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<b>華曆</b><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<b>中國古曆</b><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>“農曆”因其適用於<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E8%80%95" class="mw-redirect" title="農耕">農事</a>生產的時序而得名,同“舊曆”、“陰曆”一樣,是因<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-disambig" title="民国时期">民國時期</a>「廢曆運動」(廢陰曆改陽曆,或廢舊曆改新曆/公曆)而出現的稱呼。農曆名稱的出現,也是廢曆運動推行者對中國傳統曆法仍得到廣泛使用的一種妥協。因為農民占當時人口絕大多數,農業耕作仍是主導性的生產方式,因此新曆無法在廣大的農村地區推行,農民仍然需要使用舊曆<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="國民政府">國民政府</a>雖然嘗試禁止舊曆,取消舊曆新年,沒過多久也只能礙於民情,宣告放棄<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="浙江">浙江</a>農業協進會在1922年就編著過《農家曆》<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,1947年也有名為《中華民國三十六年標準農曆通書》的書籍出版<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>農曆以<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%85%E6%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="寅月">寅月</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B2%E9%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="歲首">歲首</a>,因与传说中<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%9D" title="夏朝">夏朝</a>以寅月建正相符,而被又被稱作<b>夏曆</b><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CWB_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWB-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>相比格里曆為<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="陽曆">陽曆</a>,農曆是以<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%9B%B8" title="月相">月相</a>周期安排月份之日期,故習稱<b>陰曆</b>。但其实,農曆是<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="陰陽曆">陰陽曆</a>,它考慮了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%85%AC%E8%BD%AC" title="地球公转">地球環繞太陽公轉</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="周期">周期</a>,以<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E8%87%B3" title="冬至">冬至</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="回歸年">回歸年</a>為基準確定<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B2%E5%AF%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="歲實">歲實</a>,配合<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="季節">季節</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="陽光">陽光</a>分一歲為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="二十四節氣">二十四節氣</a>。 </p><p>除農曆(lông-li̍k)、舊曆(kū-li̍k)、陰曆(im-li̍k)外,<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南語">閩南語</a>还将农历称为<b>老曆</b>(láu-li̍k)或<b>咱人</b>,“咱人”是「咱人的曆日」(lán-lâng ê la̍h-ji̍t)的略縮<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。粵語稱為農曆(nung<sup>4</sup> lik<sup>6</sup>)、舊曆(gau<sup>6</sup> lik<sup>6</sup>)、陰曆(jam<sup>1</sup> lik<sup>6</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="陰陽合曆"><span id=".E9.99.B0.E9.99.BD.E5.90.88.E6.9B.86"></span>陰陽合曆</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:陰陽合曆"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="置閏規則"><span id=".E7.BD.AE.E9.96.8F.E8.A6.8F.E5.89.87"></span>置閏規則</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:置閏規則"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據由1582年10月15日於<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%9B%86" title="儒略曆">儒略曆</a>改成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="格里曆">格里曆</a>曆法以來修改置閏規律列表如下: </p><p>太陰陽日曆規定的只是平年(365天再加上一天閏日已為366天,合共731天)約354-355日,閏月(每19年一次的7個置閏法)約383-384日不等,包括每400年倍數一次閏年有(1600、2000)等,不屬於並非400年倍數一次範圍亦改為100年倍數一次才平年,例如(1700、1800、1900及2100)等。 </p><p>就是紀錄時間之座標系統多数古代民族根據天象來確定曆法,都有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" title="年">年</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88" title="月">月</a>之概念:年,就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%AD%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="四季">四季</a>周期,即地球圍繞太陽公轉;月,就是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%9B%B8" title="月相">月相</a>盈虧周期,即月球圍繞地球公轉。准确测量<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="回歸年">回歸年</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E6%9C%9B%E6%9C%88" title="朔望月">朔望月</a>之长度,會发现一年比十二个月多大约10.875日,即單个<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="陰曆">陰曆</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="陽曆">陽曆</a>无法同时满足年和月的准确周期。 </p><p>阴曆之曆月是準確按<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%9B%B8" title="月相">月相</a>盈虧圓缺週期來制定,1個<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94" class="mw-redirect" title="朔">朔</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%9C%88" title="满月">望</a>月長約29.53日,故制訂曆月為大月就是30日,小月就是29日,若以12個月為1年,1年之長度就落在354日或355日之間,故年只是大体上符合一个四季循环,但其长度和四季周期有一些差异,这就导致新年并非固定于某个季节,而是缓慢推移,从冬季逐年移动到夏季。例如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭曆">伊斯蘭曆</a>、古希腊曆都是如此。 </p><p>阳曆之曆年是準確按太陽視運動週期(回歸年)為制定標準,没有月之概念,或者月只是大体符合月亮阴晴圆缺变化的周期长度。例如西曆月長与真正的朔望月只相差0.5至1.5日,西方语言之月份与月亮同源(例如英语中的<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/month" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:month">month</a>与<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moon" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:moon">moon</a>),但月亮圆缺与每月日期变化没有固定关系(即<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%88" title="新月">新月</a>的日期逐月缓慢推移)<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。季节明显之地区,所原创之曆法多为阳曆,比如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%BD%97%E6%B2%B3" title="尼罗河">尼罗河</a>定期泛滥,造就了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="古埃及历法">古埃及太阳曆</a>。 </p> <dl><dt>調和陰陽</dt></dl> <p>華夏曆法同時考慮到太陽及月球運動,兼顧了年和月之準確周期,是為陰陽合曆。夏曆依據觀測月相變化,嚴格按照朔望月周期確定月份(<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%94" title="定朔">定朔</a>),為農曆之陰曆部份,12個月平均約在354日左右。通過觀測太陽視運動與<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%81%93" title="黄道">黄道</a>的關係,觀察出回歸年之週期約在365.25日左右,由太陽之高度角變化週期,影響地表氣候環境之不同,定出<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="二十四節氣">二十四節氣</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="定气">定氣</a>),為農曆之陽曆部份。在結合時衡量到陰曆十二個月與陽曆回歸年每年約有11日落差,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>為了使彼此長度能夠更加接近,自<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋時代">春秋時代</a>起即有「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%83%E9%96%8F%E6%9C%88%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="十九年七閏月法">十九年七閏月法</a>」;又排定了閏月規則,力求平衡調和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%94" title="中气">中氣</a>在相應固定月份<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-中氣對應_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中氣對應-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。如此既達到年合四季、月合圓缺,即新月固定於初一,新年固定於冬春之交,達成陰陽和諧。 </p><p>在十九年七閏之規律下,每個人在其19歲倍數之<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%97%A5" title="生日">生日</a>,有機會西曆生日與夏曆重合於同一日<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>十九年置七閏的規則一直使用到<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E6%86%B2%E6%9B%86" title="時憲曆">時憲曆</a>才被廢除。現在使用的置閏規則,是看前後兩個冬至之間,有幾個完整的月相週期,以此來決定該年是否置閏。詳見<a href="#置閏">#置閏</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="曆法"><span id=".E6.9B.86.E6.B3.95"></span>曆法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:曆法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E7%A6%8E%E6%9B%86%E6%9B%B8#曆法" class="mw-redirect" title="崇禎曆書">崇禎曆書 § 曆法</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E6%86%B2%E6%9B%86" title="時憲曆">時憲曆</a></div> <p>據<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="紫金山天文台">紫金山天文台</a>研究員劉寶琳和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%80%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="杜倫大學">杜倫大學</a>教授<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="理查·史蒂芬森" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="F. Richard Stephenson"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理查·史蒂芬森(页面不存在)">理查·史蒂芬森</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Richard_Stephenson" class="extiw" title="en:F. Richard Stephenson"><span lang="en" dir="auto">F. Richard Stephenson</span></a></span>)</span></span>的手稿,及《古今曆術考》作者譚冰的補充,就現代<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a>而言,中國傳統曆法可用以下規則描述<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>每月<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%88" title="新月">初一</a>為日月合朔之日。(<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%94" title="定朔">定朔</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%B9%B4" title="平年">平年</a>為十二個<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E6%9C%9B%E6%9C%88" title="朔望月">朔望月</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8F%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="閏年">閏年</a>為十三個朔望月。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E8%87%B3" title="冬至">冬至</a>所在月為<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="農曆十一月">十一月</a>。</li> <li>無<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%94" title="中气">中氣</a>之月為<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8F%E6%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="閏月">閏月</a>;若一年有兩月無中氣,以冬至後第一個無中氣月為閏月。(<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="顺治二年">順治二年</a>,即公元1645年,滿清政府用<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E7%A6%8E%E6%9B%86%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="崇禎曆書">時憲歷</a>,採<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="定气">定氣</a>法而產生的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AE%E9%96%8F" title="置閏">置閏</a>改革)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="標準時間">標準時間</a>計算以<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%B6%93120%E5%BA%A6%E7%B7%9A" title="東經120度線">東經120度</a>為基準。(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="民國十七年">民國十七年</a>,即公元1928年,國民政府以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E5%8D%80#1930年代的廣播報時" title="中國時區">東經120度作為標準時</a>,即<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a>)</li> <li>年、月、日均由<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%9C" title="子夜">子夜</a>零時零分開始計算。</li> <li>太陽每運行十五<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%B6%93" title="黃經">黃經</a>度為一<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="節氣">節氣</a>。(<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="定气">定氣</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="定月"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E6.9C.88"></span>定月</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:定月"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>現行曆法,以<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94" class="mw-redirect" title="朔">朔</a>分月,每個<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E6%9C%9B%E6%9C%88" title="朔望月">朔望月</a>之始末通過太陽和月球之相對位置確定,以每個月太陽直射<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E8%83%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="月球背面">月球背面</a>之時刻,定出朔日,朔日定為初一,為每月之始日。每月太陽直射月球正面之日期定出<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="望日">望日</a>,一般為十五或十六日,為每月之中點日期。一個月之<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%97%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="上旬">上旬</a>按順序習慣上稱為<b>初日</b>,如一月十日稱為正月初十。下旬稱為<b>廿日</b>,亦有些<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%8B%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="通勝">通勝</a>將之說成<b>念日</b>;如一月二十二日稱為正月廿二或正月念二。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E8%87%B3" title="冬至">冬至</a>所在月定義為<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="農曆十一月">十一月</a>,之後月份為<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="農曆十二月">十二月</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%88" title="正月">正月</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="農曆二月">二月</a>……復至十一月。其中農曆每年第一個月按照習慣稱為正月,十一月及十二月分別又稱為冬月及臘月。表示氣候寒冷的成語「十冬臘月」就是從此得來,字面意思即為十月、十一月和十二月為一年中最寒冷的月份。若兩冬月間,不計冬月剩餘11個月,則不需置閏。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="置閏"><span id=".E7.BD.AE.E9.96.8F"></span>置閏</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:置閏"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>現行曆法在<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E6%86%B2%E6%9B%86" title="時憲曆">時憲曆</a>時,已廢除「十九年置七閏」,以及修改「無中氣置閏」的規則,改為在滿足特定條件下,對第一個無中氣之月置閏。條件如下:兩冬月(冬至所在的月份)之間,不計冬月,若剩餘11個月(即兩冬至間有12次新月),該年不用置閏;若剩餘12個月(即兩冬至間有13次新月),則<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AE%E9%96%8F" title="置閏">置閏</a>於兩冬月間第一個無<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%94" title="中气">中氣</a>之月(有時一歲可能會有兩個無中氣之月,只取第一個),月序與前一個月相同(閏月在幾月後面,就稱閏幾月)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。採用現行之<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%94" title="定朔">定朔</a>法,有可能會出現無中氣月但無須置閏之狀況<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8</th> <th>9</th> <th>10</th> <th>11</th> <th>12</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>臘月</td> <td>正月</td> <td>二月</td> <td>三月</td> <td>四月</td> <td>五月</td> <td>六月</td> <td>七月</td> <td>八月</td> <td>九月</td> <td>十月</td> <td>閏十月</td> <td>冬至月 </td></tr> <tr> <td>閏冬月</td> <td>臘月</td> <td>正月</td> <td>二月</td> <td>三月</td> <td>四月</td> <td>五月</td> <td>六月</td> <td>七月</td> <td>八月</td> <td>九月</td> <td>十月</td> <td>冬至月 </td></tr> <tr> <td>臘月</td> <td>閏臘月</td> <td>正月</td> <td>二月</td> <td>三月</td> <td>四月</td> <td>五月</td> <td>六月</td> <td>七月</td> <td>八月</td> <td>九月</td> <td>十月</td> <td>冬至月 </td></tr> <tr> <td>臘月</td> <td>正月</td> <td>閏正月</td> <td>二月</td> <td>三月</td> <td>四月</td> <td>五月</td> <td>六月</td> <td>七月</td> <td>八月</td> <td>九月</td> <td>十月</td> <td>冬至月 </td></tr> <tr> <td>臘月</td> <td>正月</td> <td>二月</td> <td>閏二月</td> <td>三月</td> <td>四月</td> <td>五月</td> <td>六月</td> <td>七月</td> <td>八月</td> <td>九月</td> <td>十月</td> <td>冬至月 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="13">…… 如此類推 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>由於當前<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%97%A5%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近日點">近日點</a>在冬季,冬季節氣之間較短,十冬臘月較容易分配到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%94" title="中气">中氣</a>;若採無中置閏法,閏月較常發生在夏季。未來因近日點<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8B%95" title="進動">進動</a>,可能改變。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="定年"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E5.B9.B4"></span>定年</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:定年"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>定完月後,即可決定一年之起始。民用曆法中,以正月朔日為一年之開始,稱為元旦(元春旦)或正旦(正月旦),<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%88%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%80" title="正月初一">正月初一</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%9C" title="子夜">子夜</a>至下一個正月初一子夜前之時間段稱為「一年」。有時一年內出現兩個立春,即年初一後立春,翌年年初一前再立春,稱為「雙春年」,一般視作吉兆。按照現行曆法計算,雙春年必定有閏月,有閏月之年必定有雙春,故又稱「雙春兼閏月」。相反,如果年初一至翌年年初一前夕沒有立春,稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="盲年">盲年</a>」。在十九年周期內,雙春兼閏年及盲年各出現七次,而單春年只有五次<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在古代,官方通常會指定<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="年號">年號</a>,並確定開始時間(奉<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%94" title="正朔">正朔</a>),隨後依順序紀年。夏曆同時會使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%94%AF" title="干支">干支</a>標註年份順序(包含<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%81%E6%98%9F%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4" title="岁星纪年">歲星紀年</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%AD%B2%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="太歲紀年">太歲紀年</a>),十二地支又對應<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%9F%E8%82%96" class="mw-redirect" title="十二生肖">十二生肖</a>,比如壬辰龍年。民間通常會在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="民間信仰">民間信仰</a>於節慶表示神明誕辰或傳統戲劇作品使用,如辛卯年四月十二日、甲午年臘月初七等。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>成立時,廢除農曆之官方地位,改以<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="格里曆">格里曆</a>計算年份,同時稱正月朔日為春節,廢除了年號制度。現今人們通常直接用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="民國紀年">民國紀年</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%83" title="公元">公元</a>紀年來表示農曆年份,嚴謹的標示會在年份後加上干支紀年,如2021年9月5日為中華民國110年辛丑七月廿九。或採用<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B8%9D%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="黃帝紀年">黃帝紀年</a>,若以公元<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D27%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="前27世紀">前2698年</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B8%9D%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="黃帝紀年">黃帝紀元元年</a>起算,至公元2024年為黃帝紀元4722年(主要見於<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%9B%86" title="農民曆">農民曆</a>,稱黃帝紀元○○○○年。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1" title="孫中山">孫中山</a>在《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E5%A4%A7%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%94%B9%E6%9B%86%E6%94%B9%E5%85%83%E9%80%9A%E9%9B%BB" class="extiw" title="s:臨時大總統改曆改元通電">臨時大總統改曆改元通電</a>》所用的農曆紀年即採用了當時革命黨人因拒用<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%87%91%E5%8F%8A%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="後金及清朝年號列表">滿清皇帝年號</a>而改用的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B8%9D%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="黃帝紀元">黃帝紀元</a>)。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>公元換黃帝紀元 </th> <th>黃帝紀元換公元 </th></tr> <tr> <td>公曆年 + 2698 = 黃帝紀年 </td> <td>黃帝紀年 - 2698 = 公曆年 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="詳細定義"><span id=".E8.A9.B3.E7.B4.B0.E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>詳細定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:詳細定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="天干地支"><span id=".E5.A4.A9.E5.B9.B2.E5.9C.B0.E6.94.AF"></span>天干地支</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:天干地支"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B2%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="天干地支">天干地支</a>60種配搭,循環往復,每60年干支紀年一個周期、每60月干支紀月一個周期、每60日干支紀日一個周期、每60時辰干支紀時一個周期,干支紀年月日時合共有<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%AD%97" title="八字">八字</a>。天干地支對應到月份,通常採用<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%94%AF#干支纪月" title="干支">干支紀月</a>,這種紀月以冬至所在月為子月,每一年為一個週期,如遇到閏月,閏月干支與前月相同。其中特别是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%AF" title="地支">地支</a>中之子午,在夏曆有着重要地位。 </p> <ul><li>十天干:甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸。</li> <li>十二地支:子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。</li></ul> <dl><dt>地支</dt></dl> <p>地支與月份、時辰有固定關係: </p> <ul><li>年、月表徵<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%85%AC%E8%BD%AC" title="地球公转">地球公轉</a>,每圈為一歲,均分為12節,每節為一個月份,各對應十二地支,</li> <li>日、时表徵<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%AC" title="地球自转">地球自轉</a>,每圈為一日,均分為12格,每格為一個時辰,各對應十二地支;</li></ul> <p>由於這種對應關係,每5年(日),干支紀月份(時辰)正好完成一次周期。(干支紀月不計閏月) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子午"><span id=".E5.AD.90.E5.8D.88"></span>子午</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:子午"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>十二地支中,子午依據太陽位置來確定,<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90_(%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%AF)" title="子 (地支)">子</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="陰陽">陰</a>極盛,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%88" title="午">午</a>為陽極盛,子午為歲、日周期定出始末與中點: </p> <ul><li>以每年太陽直射<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="北回歸線">北回歸線</a>之日期定出<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E8%87%B3" title="夏至">夏至</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%88%E6%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="午月">午月</a>為每歲之中點月份(干支五月),</li> <li>以每年太阳直射<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="南回歸線">南回歸線</a>之日期定出<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E8%87%B3" title="冬至">冬至</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E6%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="子月">子月</a>為每歲之始末月份(干支十一月);</li> <li>以每日太陽位於正<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97" title="南">南</a>方向之時刻定出<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%8D%88" class="mw-redirect" title="正午">正午</a>,午時為每日之中點時辰(11~13點),</li> <li>以每日太陽位於正<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97" title="北">北</a>方向之時刻定出<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%9C" title="子夜">子夜</a>,子時為每日之始末時辰(23~01點)。 <ul><li>注:此處每日太陽位於正北方向是指<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="夜晚">夜晚</a>,太陽在地平線下方之正北。</li></ul></li> <li>歲與年平均等長,起始點平均相差八分之一年,即半個季度。因為歲末歲初各有半個冬季,而年的安排使到一整個冬季放在年末。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日"><span id=".E6.97.A5"></span>日</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:日"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中國古代以<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%9C" title="子夜">子夜</a>為日之分界,以子正初刻(00:00)為一日之開始,以夜子初四刻(24:00)為一日之終結<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但习惯中,人们倾向于认为一日开始于寅时(平旦)5点。中國傳統將一日分割為12個<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E8%BE%B0" title="时辰">時辰</a>,依次是子時、丑時、寅時、卯時、辰時、巳時、午時、未時、申時、酉時、戌時、亥時。1個時辰等於2個<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="小時">小時</a>,子時是下午11時至上午1時,丑時是上午1時至上午3時,以此類推。 </p><p>夏曆用<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%94%AF" title="干支">干支</a>來標記流水日,就像如<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%9F" title="星期">星期</a>般,無天文意義。60干支為一循環,甲子、乙丑、丙寅、……、癸亥、甲子。比如,2013年新年歲首(西曆2月10日)是丁未日,2014年歲首(1月31日)是壬寅日。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="月朔"><span id=".E6.9C.88.E6.9C.94"></span>月朔</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:月朔"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E6%9C%9B%E6%9C%88" title="朔望月">朔望月</a>之長度大約在29.27至29.83日之間變動,長期平均長度是29.530588日(29日12时44分2.8秒)。因此,農曆一個月是29日或30日,又稱小月及大月。每一個月起始於朔日子夜,結束於下一個朔日子夜之前。現行曆法採取定朔法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="平朔"><span id=".E5.B9.B3.E6.9C.94"></span>平朔</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:平朔"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%9C%94" title="平朔">平朔</a></div> <p>早期,采用平朔方法确定朔日。经过长期观察,确定朔望月之平均长度,比如<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 29{\tfrac {499}{940}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>29</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>499</mn> <mn>940</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 29{\tfrac {499}{940}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f073da65f3bc001bfa9803e3dab7c9b13fc572f2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:5.627ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 29{\tfrac {499}{940}}}"></span>日<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。然后,选一个日月合朔的日期作为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%86%E5%85%83" title="曆元">曆元</a>,每经过一个月增加<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 29{\tfrac {499}{940}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>29</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>499</mn> <mn>940</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 29{\tfrac {499}{940}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f073da65f3bc001bfa9803e3dab7c9b13fc572f2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:5.627ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 29{\tfrac {499}{940}}}"></span>日,取整数部分即得朔日。 </p><p>平朔规则下,通常是大小月相间,然后每经过15或17个月有一对连大月。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="定朔"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E6.9C.94"></span>定朔</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:定朔"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%94" title="定朔">定朔</a></div> <p>元<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%88%E6%99%82%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="授時曆">授時曆</a>起,<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%A4%A9%E7%9B%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="欽天監">天文台</a>運用天體運行規律和采用实际觀測天象数据,确定每朔(太陽和月球之<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%B6%93" title="黃經">黃經</a>一致)之具體時間,取當日為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="朔日">朔日</a>,即每月初一。 </p><p>定朔规则下,各月大小排列并不固定,有时会碰到连续四个大月或是连续三个小月。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="节气"><span id=".E8.8A.82.E6.B0.94"></span>节气</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:节气"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="節氣">節氣</a></div> <p>因地球橢圓地圍繞太陽公轉,速度不平均,故節氣有二法。按平均時間為平氣,按公轉角度為定氣。平氣法之春分秋分,未必為晝夜等長。自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E7%A6%8E%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="崇禎曆">崇禎曆</a>至今,曆法使用定氣。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="平气"><span id=".E5.B9.B3.E6.B0.94"></span>平气</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:平气"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="平气">平气</a></div> <p>在古代,通常以冬至到冬至之間(約<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 365{\tfrac {1}{4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>365</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 365{\tfrac {1}{4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/de0ad4265c5a30d8862a376dd74709ab4be9128c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:5.145ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 365{\tfrac {1}{4}}}"></span> 日),分割為24段(每段約<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 15{\tfrac {7}{32}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>15</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>7</mn> <mn>32</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 15{\tfrac {7}{32}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c69c4cfaa43b8cccf330490a66d8f7934e470691" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:4.805ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 15{\tfrac {7}{32}}}"></span>日),每段起始於一個<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="節氣">節氣</a>,依次為:冬至、小寒、大寒、立春、雨水、驚蟄、春分、清明、穀雨、立夏、小滿、芒種、夏至、小暑、大暑、立秋、處暑、白露、秋分、寒露、霜降、立冬、小雪、大雪。 </p><p>立春到立夏前为春季,立夏到立秋前为夏季,立秋到立冬前为秋季,立冬到立春前为冬季。 </p><p>二十四節氣中,冬至、大寒、雨水、春分、穀雨、小滿、夏至、大暑、處暑、秋分、霜降、小雪為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%94" title="中气">中氣</a>,通常用來確定月份。冬至所在月份為冬月、大寒所在月份為臘月、雨水所在月份為正月、春分所在月份為二月、……、小雪所在月份為十月。十二個月份裡,都固定各有一個中氣。無中氣的月份為前一個月的<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8F%E6%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="閏月">閏月</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>屬陽曆的干支月或中氣月來源於觀測太陽的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="回歸年">回歸年</a>並按地支均分,屬陰曆的朔望月來源於觀測月亮盈虧。中气之间的时间约为30日<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 5{\begin{matrix}{\frac {1}{4}}\end{matrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>5</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 5{\begin{matrix}{\frac {1}{4}}\end{matrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65e5e29d5050cef591f200245a74be24eeb905bd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.977ex; margin-bottom: -0.194ex; width:3.572ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 5{\begin{matrix}{\frac {1}{4}}\end{matrix}}}"></span>时,因此中气日之间的间隔(含前不含后)为30或31日。而一个朔望月的时间为29日或30日,一个月内要么一个中气,要么没有中气。因此,中气可以直接来确定月份及闰否。 </p><p>每個中氣干支月比朔望月平均多21.75小時,兩者差異積累到一定程度後,朔望月就閏一個月,以此達到兩者平衡對應(具體變化過程是:相對干支月,較短的朔望月逐月提前;當提前的日數達到半個月時,閏一個朔望月,即一個干支月對應兩個朔望月,於是朔望月變成推後半個月;然後朔望月繼續逐月提前,如此循環往復)。最終結果是,每32.6個朔望月中有一個閏月。實際觀測中,由於定朔和定氣的方法與絕對平均值存在差異,每兩個閏月並非精確地相差32~33個朔望月,而是28~36個朔望月,總體19年7閏(12×19÷7)仍然符合32.6的平均值。 </p><p>以下是前103年至1644年各闰月统计。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>年</th> <th>闰冬月</th> <th>闰腊月</th> <th>闰正月</th> <th>闰二月</th> <th>闰三月</th> <th>闰四月</th> <th>闰五月</th> <th>闰六月</th> <th>闰七月</th> <th>闰八月</th> <th>闰九月</th> <th>闰十月 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>前103-1644</td> <td>38</td> <td>61</td> <td>52</td> <td>48</td> <td>63</td> <td>49</td> <td>70</td> <td>48</td> <td>51</td> <td>54</td> <td>48</td> <td>61 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="定气"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E6.B0.94"></span>定气</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节:定气"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="定气">定气</a></div> <p>定气按太阳運行位置為準,二十四节气分别相应于太阳在黄道上每运动15°所到达之位置。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>農曆</th> <th>節氣</th> <th>西曆</th> <th>黃經</th> <th>中氣</th> <th>西曆</th> <th>黃經</th> <th>平均中氣間隔長度/日*</th> <th>中氣對應月份<br /><small>冬至100%對應,其餘99.6%對應。<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-中氣對應_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中氣對應-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></small></th> <th>月份別稱 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%98%A5" title="立春">立春</a></td> <td>2月3/4日</td> <td>45°</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="雨水">雨水</a></td> <td>2月18/19日</td> <td>60°</td> <td>29.93,29-30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%88" title="正月">正月</a>、寅月</td> <td>孟春、端月、元春 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%8A%E8%9B%B0" title="惊蛰">惊蛰</a></td> <td>3月5/6日</td> <td>75°</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E5%88%86" title="春分">春分</a></td> <td>3月20/21日</td> <td>90°</td> <td>30.43,30-31</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88" title="农历二月">二月</a>、卯月</td> <td>仲春、杏月、花月 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%98%8E" title="清明">清明</a></td> <td>4月4/5日</td> <td>105°</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E9%9B%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="穀雨">穀雨</a></td> <td>4月19/20日</td> <td>120°</td> <td>30.93,30-31</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%88" title="农历三月">三月</a>、辰月</td> <td>季春、桃月、桐月、蠶月 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%8F" title="立夏">立夏</a></td> <td>5月5/6日</td> <td>135°</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%BB%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="小滿">小滿</a></td> <td>5月20/21日</td> <td>150°</td> <td>31.31,31-32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88" title="农历四月">四月</a>、巳月</td> <td>孟夏、陰月、梅月、槐月 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%92%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="芒種">芒種</a></td> <td>6月5/6日</td> <td>165°</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E8%87%B3" title="夏至">夏至</a></td> <td>6月20/21日</td> <td>180°</td> <td>31.45,31-32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88" title="农历五月">五月</a>、午月</td> <td>仲夏、榴月、毒月、蒲月 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%9A%91" title="小暑">小暑</a></td> <td>7月6/7日</td> <td>195°</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9A%91" title="大暑">大暑</a></td> <td>7月22/23日</td> <td>210°</td> <td>31.31,31-32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%88" title="农历六月">六月</a>、未月</td> <td>季夏、荷月、荔月 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E7%A7%8B" title="立秋">立秋</a></td> <td>8月7/8日</td> <td>225°</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%95%E6%9A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="處暑">處暑</a></td> <td>8月22/23日</td> <td>240°</td> <td>30.93,30-31</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E4%B8%83%E6%9C%88" title="农历七月">七月</a>、申月</td> <td>孟秋、蘭月、巧月、瓜月 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%9C%B2" title="白露">白露</a></td> <td>9月7/8日</td> <td>255°</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E5%88%86" title="秋分">秋分</a></td> <td>9月22/23日</td> <td>270°</td> <td>30.42,30-31</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88" title="农历八月">八月</a>、酉月</td> <td>仲秋、桂月 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E9%9C%B2" title="寒露">寒露</a></td> <td>10月7/8日</td> <td>285°</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%9C%E9%99%8D" title="霜降">霜降</a></td> <td>10月23/24日</td> <td>300°</td> <td>29.93,29-30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E4%B9%9D%E6%9C%88" title="农历九月">九月</a>、戌月</td> <td>季秋、菊月 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E5%86%AC" title="立冬">立冬</a></td> <td>11月7/8日</td> <td>315°</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%9B%AA" title="小雪">小雪</a></td> <td>11月21/22日</td> <td>330°</td> <td>29.57,29-30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88" title="农历十月">十月</a>、亥月</td> <td>孟冬、良月、陽月 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%AA" title="大雪">大雪</a></td> <td>12月6/7日</td> <td>345°</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E8%87%B3" title="冬至">冬至</a></td> <td>12月21/22日</td> <td>360°</td> <td>29.45,29-30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88" title="农历十一月">冬月</a>、子月</td> <td>仲冬、冬月、葭月 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AF%92" title="小寒">小寒</a></td> <td>1月5/6日</td> <td>15°</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AF%92" title="大寒">大寒</a></td> <td>1月19/20日</td> <td>30°</td> <td>29.58,29-30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88" title="农历十二月">臘月</a>、丑月</td> <td>季冬、臘月 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><dl><dd>此處數據取西元1810年至西元2409年。</dd></dl></li></ul> <p>二十四節氣中,原本驚蟄在雨水之前,穀雨在清明之前。後<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="西漢">西漢</a>末年<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E6%AD%86" class="mw-redirect" title="劉歆">劉歆</a>將雨水、驚蟄對調,清明、穀雨對調。 </p><p>由於<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%9C%E5%8B%92%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="克卜勒定律">克卜勒運動第二定律</a>,地球靠近<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%97%A5%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近日點">近日點</a>時公轉速度會比較快,當前近日點在小寒附近,因此冬至到大寒兩個中氣之間相隔較短,約29.45日;而地球靠近遠日點時公轉速度較慢,當前遠日點在小暑附近,因此夏至到大暑兩個中氣之間相隔較長,約31.45日(以北半球為準)。 </p><p>當中氣間隔可以比<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E6%9C%9B%E6%9C%88" title="朔望月">朔望月</a>(≈29.53日)長時,一個月可能完全在兩個中氣日之間,此時這個月就沒有中氣。反之,當中氣間隔比朔望月短時,兩個中氣可能完全在兩個朔日之間,此時一個月內就有兩個中氣。 </p><p>以冬至日子夜到冬至日子夜前為「一歲」。一歲一般為365日,有時為366日。冬至所在月定為冬月(或子月,以天干地支記月)。不計冬至月,一歲將包含11至12個整月,包含12個整月時,第一個無中氣之月份為閏月,此乃無中置閏法。若冬至在子月<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="朔日">朔日</a>,則前一歲必閏月;若冬至在<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%A6%E6%97%A5" title="晦日">晦日</a>,則冬至後之一歲必閏月。 </p><p>1年通常有12個月或13個月。包含13個月的年份為<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8F%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="閏年">閏年</a>。1810年立春至2409年除夕(立春前日)600年間的7421個月中,有雙中氣月19個,無中氣月240個,221閏,閏月分佈如下: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>年</th> <th>閏正月</th> <th>閏二月</th> <th>閏三月</th> <th>閏四月</th> <th>閏五月</th> <th>閏六月</th> <th>閏七月</th> <th>閏八月</th> <th>閏九月</th> <th>閏十月</th> <th>閏冬月</th> <th>閏臘月 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1810~ 2409</td> <td>2</td> <td>15</td> <td>26</td> <td>38</td> <td>42</td> <td>39</td> <td>28</td> <td>16</td> <td>6</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>下一次閏冬月出現於2033年。(<a href="/wiki/2033%E5%B9%B4%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="2033年問題">2033年問題</a>)前一次閏正月出現於1651年,下一次閏正月會出現於2262年;首次閏臘月將出現於3358年。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="置閏規則改革"><span id=".E7.BD.AE.E9.96.8F.E8.A6.8F.E5.89.87.E6.94.B9.E9.9D.A9"></span>置閏規則改革</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节:置閏規則改革"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>對冬至之理解有「冬至日」與「冬至時刻」兩種。冬至日是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BD%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="日影">日影</a>最長之正午,即是正午最接近冬至時刻之日。「冬至時刻」是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%9B%B4%E5%B0%84%E7%82%B9" title="太阳直射点">太陽直射點</a>運動到最南點(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="南回歸線">南回歸線</a>)之時刻,或是太陽<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%B6%93" title="黃經">黃經</a>達到270°之時刻,可通過科學推算和觀測精確到幾時幾分幾秒。目前在中國大陸使用的農曆國家標準中,冬至定義為太陽地心視黃經達到270°的時刻<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>由於<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%9C%94" title="定朔">定朔</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%9C%94" title="平朔">平朔</a>及定氣平氣間之差異,也引發了冬至是歸於上一月還是下一月之爭議,如<a href="/wiki/1984%E5%B9%B4" title="1984年">1984年</a>、<a href="/wiki/2014%E5%B9%B4" title="2014年">2014年</a>、<a href="/wiki/2033%E5%B9%B4%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="2033年問題">2033年問題</a>。置閏法有遵循亙古傳統之平氣置閏,現行是定氣日算置閏,還有定氣時刻置閏,即按照<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94" class="mw-redirect" title="朔">朔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E8%87%B3" title="冬至">冬至</a>之具體時分先後劃分。 </p><p>隋唐曆法已經逐漸開始定朔、定冬至到時分。明朝<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="李天經">李天經</a>曾建議,用中氣時刻是否介乎兩朔時刻之間,來決定該月是否有此中氣,例如崇禎十五年(1642年)小雪雖在十一月初一日,但小雪時刻在十一月朔點之前,按此法屬十月<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,如此法則可減少雙中氣月之次數,並使置閏法獨立於<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="時區">時區</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="習俗節日"><span id=".E7.BF.92.E4.BF.97.E7.AF.80.E6.97.A5"></span>習俗節日</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节:習俗節日"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="節日">節日</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E7%AF%80%E6%97%A5" title="漢族傳統節日">漢族傳統節日</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="民間信仰">民間信仰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="台灣民間信仰">台灣民間信仰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AF%80%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="中華民國節日">中華民國節日</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="中國民間宗教">中國民間宗教</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日月同數之節日"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.88.E5.90.8C.E6.95.B8.E4.B9.8B.E7.AF.80.E6.97.A5"></span>日月同數之節日</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节:日月同數之節日"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="農曆新年">農曆新年</a>(春節),即農曆正月初一日,古代稱為“元旦”、“正旦”等,越南稱為<span lang="vi">Tết Nguyên Đán(節元旦)</span> ,韓國稱為<span lang="ko">설날</span>。農曆新年是一年中最隆重之節日。中華民國(台灣)、中國大陸、中國香港、中國澳門、越南、韓國、菲律賓、馬來西亞、新加坡、印度尼西亞等國家和地區法定假日。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%B3%E8%8A%82" title="上巳节">上巳节</a>,即农曆三月初三日,。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="端午節">端午節</a>,即農曆五月初五日,越南稱為<span lang="vi">Tết Đoan Ngọ(節端午)</span>,。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%95" title="七夕">七夕</a>,即農曆七月初七日晚上,越南稱為<span lang="vi">Thất tịch(七夕)</span>,}。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%99%BD%E7%AF%80" title="重陽節">重陽節</a>,即農曆九月初九日,越南稱為<span lang="vi">Tết Trùng Cửu(節重九)</span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="正月農曆十五日(月圆)元宵节"><span id=".E6.AD.A3.E6.9C.88.E8.BE.B2.E6.9B.86.E5.8D.81.E4.BA.94.E6.97.A5.EF.BC.88.E6.9C.88.E5.9C.86.EF.BC.89.E5.85.83.E5.AE.B5.E8.8A.82"></span>正月農曆十五日(月圆)元宵节</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节:正月農曆十五日(月圆)元宵节"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%AE%B5%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="元宵節">元宵節</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%85%83%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="上元節">上元節</a>,均為農曆正月十五日,越南稱為<span lang="vi">Tết Thượng Nguyên(節上元)</span>,韓國稱為<span lang="ko">대보름(大보름)</span>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E7%AF%80" title="中元節">中元節</a>,即農曆七月十五日,越南稱為<span lang="vi">Tết Trung Nguyên(節中元)</span>或<span lang="vi">Lễ Vu Lan(禮盂蘭)</span>,韓國稱為<span lang="ko">백중(百中/百種)</span>或<span lang="ko">망혼일(亡魂日)</span>或<span lang="ko"> 중원(中元)</span>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中秋節">中秋節</a>,即農曆八月十五日,越南稱為<span lang="vi">Tết Trung Thu(節中秋)</span>,韓國稱為<span lang="ko">추석(秋夕)</span>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%85%83%E7%AF%80" title="下元節">下元節</a>,即農曆十月十五日,越南稱為<span lang="vi">Tết Hạ Nguyên(節下元)</span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="腊月节日"><span id=".E8.85.8A.E6.9C.88.E8.8A.82.E6.97.A5"></span>腊月节日</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节:腊月节日"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%98%E5%85%AB%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="臘八節">臘八節</a>,即農曆臘月(十二月)初八日。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E7%81%B6%E8%8A%82" title="祭灶节">祭灶节</a>,亦称小年,即農曆臘月廿三日(北方)或廿四日(南方),越南稱為<span lang="vi">Tết Táo Quân(節竈君)</span>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A4%E5%A4%95" title="除夕">除夕</a>,正月初一前夕,即农曆一年之最后一晚。 </p><p>这三个节日可认为是准备和酝酿最大节日农曆新年。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="节气节日"><span id=".E8.8A.82.E6.B0.94.E8.8A.82.E6.97.A5"></span>节气节日</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节:节气节日"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以节气定义的节日,通常都有很浓重的季节特征,大多在春分、秋分、夏至、冬至这种季节最为明显的节气附近,清明是紧接春分後第一个节气。 </p><p>春季: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A4%BE" title="春社">春社</a>,立春後的第五个戊日,大约在春分前後。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E9%A3%9F%E8%8A%82" title="寒食节">寒食节</a>,冬至後的第一百零五日,大约在清明附近,韩国称为<span lang="ko">한식(寒食)</span>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%98%8E%E7%AF%80" title="清明節">清明節</a>,清明當日,越南稱為<span lang="vi">Tết Thanh Minh(節清明)</span>。</li></ul> <p>夏季: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E8%87%B3" title="夏至">夏节</a>,夏至當日,是中国的传统节日,在中国北方尤其受到重视。清代以前特别是宋代的法定假日,辽代谓之‘朝节’。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BC%8F" title="三伏">頭伏</a>,夏至後第三庚日。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BC%8F" title="三伏">二伏</a>,夏至後第四庚日。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BC%8F" title="三伏">終伏</a>,立秋後初庚日。</li></ul> <p>秋季: </p> <ul><li>秋社,立秋後的第五个戊日,大约在秋分前後。</li></ul> <p>冬季: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="冬節">冬節</a>,冬至當日,也称“小年”,越南稱為<span lang="vi">Lễ hội Đông Chí(禮會冬至)</span>,韓國稱為<span lang="ko">동지(冬至)</span>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节:歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中國傳統曆法">中國傳統曆法</a></div> <p><b>中國傳統曆法</b>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="紀年">紀年</a>採用陰陽<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%94%AF" title="干支">干支</a>三合曆<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;上古時期,根據不同的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="農業">農業</a>牧業生產情況需要,分別產生過<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="太阳历法">太陽曆法</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%B0%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="太陰曆法">太陰曆法</a>。中國傳統<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD%E5%90%88%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="陰陽合曆">陰陽合曆</a>最早源自何時無從考究,據出土的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87" title="甲骨文">甲骨文</a>和古代中國典籍多有記載,曆法規則一般認為源自<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="殷商">殷商</a>時期<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。從<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="黃帝">黃帝</a>紀年到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>末期啟用<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="格里曆">西曆</a>,中國歷史上一共產生過102部曆法,此等曆法對中國文化與文明產生過重大影響,比如夏曆、商曆、周曆、西漢<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%88%9D%E6%9B%86" title="太初曆">太初曆</a>、隋唐<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%8D%E6%9B%86" title="大衍曆">大衍曆</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E6%A5%B5%E6%9B%86" title="皇極曆">皇極曆</a>等,有些曆法雖然沒有正式使用過,但對<a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%8A%E7%94%9F_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" title="養生 (道教)">養生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" title="农业">农业</a>、思想<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF" title="学术">學術</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="天文">天文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="數學">數學</a>等有所作用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各地使用"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8"></span>各地使用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节:各地使用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>其他<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>地區之陰陽合曆大多源自華夏曆法或受其影響,比如<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%9B%86" title="藏曆">藏曆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%9B%86" title="和曆">和曆</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>曆法等。目前,由於<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="時區">時區</a>差別,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="大中華地區">大中華地區</a>(<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a>)<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國">韓國</a>(<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B9" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+9">UTC+9</a>)與<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>(<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B7" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+7">UTC+7</a>)使用的農曆的版本並不一致,因此各國農曆日期也不完全一致。 </p><p>最常见的情况是由于时差,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94" class="mw-redirect" title="朔">朔</a>的时刻在不同地区分属两日,导致农历相差一天。例如:1968年,南北越因时差问题分别在不同日期庆祝了越南新年。在极端情况下时差还会影响到置闰,导致不同地区农历在几个月内会相差一个月。 </p><p>由于农历规定冬至日必须在冬月(十一月),由于时差原因,有时在一地朔的时刻和冬至时刻落在同一天,但在另一地朔的时刻和冬至时刻分属两天,这导致两地冬月相差一个月,并影响到置闰以及冬月附近的诸多月份。例如:1984年冬至在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%B6" title="协调世界时">协调世界时</a>12月21日16:09:12,对应<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="北京时间">北京时间</a>12月22日00:09:12和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="越南标准时间">越南时间</a>12月21日23:09:12,两地不在同一公历日迎来冬至;而新月在协调世界时12月22日11:35:39,对应北京时间12月22日19:35:39、越南时间12月22日18:35:39,两地在同一公历日见证新月并迎来新的农历月份,导致两地冬月相差一个月————中国农历中的这个冬月对应公历1984年12月22日至1985年1月20日,越南历中的这个冬月对应公历1984年11月23日至12月21日。受此影响,中国农历在1984年置闰十月(对应公历11月23日至12月21日),但越南历则在1985年置闰二月(对应公历3月21日至4月19日);也正因此,1985年越南新年在公历1月21日,而中国春节在公历2月20日<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另外,由于农历规定若两冬月间不计冬月剩余12个月,则置闰于两冬月间第一个无中气之月。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94" class="mw-redirect" title="朔">朔</a>的时刻和其他<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%94" title="中气">中气</a>时刻的关系也可能在一地为同一日,在另一地分为两日。这会导致两地对无中气之月的判定出现差异,同样可能影响置闰,并导致农历在几个月内相差一个月。例如<a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4" title="2012年">2012年</a>中國閏四月而韓國閏三月。部分軟件未能因應各國時間基準而調整會造成錯誤<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="紫金山天文台">紫金山天文台</a>在2017年5月制定了名为GB/T 33661-2017 《农历的编算和颁行》的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86" title="中华人民共和国国家标准">中华人民共和国国家标准</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。规定了現代農曆編制的基础概念及算法规则,并以现代天文学技术為基礎规定农历的編算方式,比如规定冬至为节气之首(而非立春)、规定有冬至之月份为子月(十一月)、规定寅月建正、规定采用国际通用天体模型且精度应达到1秒,并且要求公开发行的日历产品必须包含西历和农历的日期对照以及二十四节气,符合标准规定的编排规则、计算模型和精度及表示方法,以杜絕各種不同版本的農曆出現在市面上引發日期不一致的混亂<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。該標準基本上繼承古制,如寅月建正,冬至之月為子月等等。農曆閏月的規則,是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="顺治二年">順治二年</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E7%A6%8E%E6%9B%86%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="崇禎曆書">曆法改革</a>時制定。應用<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a>作標準時,則是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="民國十七年">民國十七年</a>(1928年)制定的規則<sup id="cite_ref-Yuk_Tung_Liu_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuk_Tung_Liu-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>農曆(<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%9B%86" title="和曆">和曆</a>)原使用中國曆法計算,從<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>亡後之<a href="/wiki/1685%E5%B9%B4" title="1685年">1685年</a>開始自行編制曆法(<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9E%E4%BA%AB%E6%9B%86" title="貞享曆">貞享曆</a>),直到<a href="/wiki/1873%E5%B9%B4" title="1873年">1873年</a>起廢除農曆(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%9B%86_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="天保曆 (日本)">天保曆</a>)改用西曆(<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="格里曆">格里曆</a>),並於1910年起停止在官曆內併記舊曆。<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣日治時期">臺灣日治時期</a>,日本政府曾委託<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="東京天文台">東京天文台</a>編纂農曆,並由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%A2%E7%A5%9E%E5%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="伊勢神宮">伊勢神宮</a>印製頒布《神宮曆》於臺灣發行。但由於文化習慣不同,到了1914年,<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C" title="臺灣總督府">臺灣總督府</a>決定另編一部《臺灣民曆》,委由臺灣神苑會發行,其內容主要參照了神宮曆,另外也加入了西曆曆法<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-光華_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-光華-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不過,民間接受度最高的仍是自編的民曆<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%89%9B%E5%9C%96" title="春牛圖">春牛圖</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="日本国立天文台">日本國立天文台</a>每年2月都會發報的「<span lang="ja">暦要項</span>」官報中仍有節氣和朔弦望等資料,能用來自行計算農曆。現時日本國內僅有如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中秋節">中秋節</a>等少量節日按農曆慶祝,其餘絕大多數原以農曆日期慶祝之節日,都改成了按照西曆之相同日期慶祝(如日本的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="端午 (日本)">端午节</a>就在西历5月5日)。 </p><p>絕大部分<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="海外華人">海外華人</a>會使用和大中華地區一致的農曆,但有些居於南半球的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲">澳</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="紐西蘭">紐</a>華僑會出版按當地時間所製作之曆書,此等曆書也會應當地季節而將節氣錯開半年。 </p><p>中國傳統曆法的編制,以往是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%B2" title="太史">太史寮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%B2" title="太史">太史署</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%B2" title="太史">太史監</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%B2" title="太史">太史局</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%B2" title="太史">太史院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%B0" title="司天台">司天台</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E5%A4%A9%E7%9B%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="司天監">司天監</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%A4%A9%E7%9B%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="欽天監">欽天監</a>等在中國各朝代職掌天文曆法的機構所主管。當代農曆的編制則是由現代天文機構負責,如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E8%A7%80%E8%B1%A1%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="中央觀象台">中央觀象台</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B4%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="北洋政府">北洋政府</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A0%94%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="中研院">中研院</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="國立中央研究院天文研究所">天文研究所</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="國民政府">國民政府</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="紫金山天文台">紫金山天文台</a>(中華人民共和國)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="香港天文台">香港天文台</a>(香港)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%83%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E7%BD%B2" title="交通部中央氣象署">中央氣象署</a>天文站(臺灣)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現代天文機構會因應<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="國際天文學聯合會">國際天文學聯合會</a>的最新決議,並根據美國<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B4%E5%B0%84%E6%8E%A8%E9%80%B2%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="噴射推進實驗室">噴射推進實驗室</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="美國海軍天文台">美國海軍天文台</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英國皇家航海年曆局" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="HM Nautical Almanac Office"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%86%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英國皇家航海年曆局(页面不存在)">英國皇家航海年曆局</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HM_Nautical_Almanac_Office" class="extiw" title="en:HM Nautical Almanac Office"><span lang="en" dir="auto">HM Nautical Almanac Office</span></a></span>)</span></span>等機構提供的資料,作出精準計算以修正年曆。有時候因朔日、節氣發生時刻接近午夜,只要計算結果相差幾分鐘,和民間《<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%86" title="萬年曆">萬年曆</a>》的日期就有可能會相差一天<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yuk_Tung_Liu_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuk_Tung_Liu-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节:參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中國傳統曆法">中國傳統曆法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="曆法">曆法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="历法列表">曆法列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="黃曆">黃曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%9B%86" title="儒略曆">儒略曆</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="格里曆">格里曆</a>前身)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%8E%86" class="mw-redirect" title="格里历">西曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%94%AF" title="干支">干支</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E8%82%96" class="mw-redirect" title="生肖">生肖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C" title="五行">五行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%9B%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="七曜">七曜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%9B%9C" title="六曜">六曜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3%E5%8E%86" title="阴阳历">阴阳历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2033%E5%B9%B4%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="2033年問題">2033年問題</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节:注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8E%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="新莽">新莽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="魏明帝">魏明帝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%91%A8" title="武周">武周</a>年間之部分年份為短暫例外。<cite class="citation web">邱展毅. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507084425/https://sinocal.sinica.edu.tw/lusodoc.html">「兩千年中西曆轉換」資料庫介紹</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="中央研究院">中央研究院</a>. 1997 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-02-27</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sinocal.sinica.edu.tw/lusodoc.html">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-07). <q>中國曆的運算規則</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E5%85%A9%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%9B%86%E8%BD%89%E6%8F%9B%E3%80%8D%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9&rft.au=%E9%82%B1%E5%B1%95%E6%AF%85&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsinocal.sinica.edu.tw%2Flusodoc.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">朔望月 平均=29.530588日=29日12小时44分2.8秒(长度在29.27至29.83日之间变动)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-中氣對應-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-中氣對應_25-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中氣對應_25-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">不對應率 = <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72900767">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{border-top:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span role="math" class="sfrac tion"><span class="num">32假閏月 + 13假月序</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den"> 999年 × 11中氣 </span></span> = 0.4% <br /><cite class="citation web">精算龍曆. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180317013549/http://precise-chinese-calendar.blogspot.hk/2012/11/httpwww.html">農曆混亂(一):定氣帶來的雙中氣月</a>. 中華龍曆網. 2012年11月24日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2018年2月28日]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://precise-chinese-calendar.blogspot.hk/2012/11/httpwww.html">原始内容</a>存档于2018年3月17日).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86%E6%B7%B7%E4%BA%82%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%80%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A%E5%AE%9A%E6%B0%A3%E5%B8%B6%E4%BE%86%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%99%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%A3%E6%9C%88&rft.au=%E7%B2%BE%E7%AE%97%E9%BE%8D%E6%9B%86&rft.date=2012-11-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E9%BE%8D%E6%9B%86%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprecise-chinese-calendar.blogspot.hk%2F2012%2F11%2Fhttpwww.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">例如,冬至至冬至有兩無中氣之月。又或,上個冬至日結束當刻(晚子初四刻,24:00)至冬至日結束當刻只有12次月缺,而非13次。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">=<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72900767"><span role="math" class="sfrac tion"><span class="num">365<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84583234">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span></span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den"> 12+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84583234"><span class="frac"><span class="num">7</span>⁄<span class="den">19</span></span> </span></span>,十九年置七閏月</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">中國大陸官方於於1929年從北京子午線時間轉換到UTC+8,<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">台</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>港澳等地民間在1978年前仍廣泛使用北京的子午線<sup id="cite_ref-時區_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-時區-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B6%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="北越">北越</a>政府於1967年8月8日改採UTC+7時區制曆並隨着<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="越戰">越戰</a>於1975年結束而推廣至全國<sup id="cite_ref-時區_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-時區-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节:参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-光華-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-光華_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-光華_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwanpanorama.com/Articles/Details?Guid=a7720888-8608-4b9e-9946-f8ad278d7ddb">黃曆暢銷兩千年</a>. 臺灣光華雜誌. 1985 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230204184237/http://www.taiwanpanorama.com/Articles/Details?Guid=a7720888-8608-4b9e-9946-f8ad278d7ddb">存档</a>于2023-02-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E9%BB%83%E6%9B%86%E6%9A%A2%E9%8A%B7%E5%85%A9%E5%8D%83%E5%B9%B4&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%85%89%E8%8F%AF%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwanpanorama.com%2FArticles%2FDetails%3FGuid%3Da7720888-8608-4b9e-9946-f8ad278d7ddb&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">曉春春花. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dpm.org.cn/Uploads/File/2020/06/19/u5eec3e873591e.pdf">清廷頒發蒙古文《時憲書》始末</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <q>恭進皇帝、后妃蒙古文本《時憲書》制度一直沿襲至清末,所進呈的《時憲書》裝潢各有不同。 其中進呈帝、后及皇太后的是黃綾封面、黃綾函套,進呈皇貴妃、貴妃、妃的為金黃綾封面、金黃綾函套; 呈給嬪的是紅綾封面,無函套。……八旗各部院衙門大臣堂官、滿洲給清字、蒙古給蒙古字、漢軍漢人給漢字《時憲書》各一 本,均黃裱紙面。……為宗室王公、公主頒發的蒙古文《時憲書》的裝潢有紅綾面、黃裱紙面兩種。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E6%B8%85%E5%BB%B7%E9%A0%92%E7%99%BC%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E3%80%8A%E6%99%82%E6%86%B2%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E5%A7%8B%E6%9C%AB&rft.au=%E6%9B%89%E6%98%A5%E6%98%A5%E8%8A%B1&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpm.org.cn%2FUploads%2FFile%2F2020%2F06%2F19%2Fu5eec3e873591e.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/07/ec/bb.html">大明嘉靖二十七年歲次戊申大統曆</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230129065653/https://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/07/ec/bb.html">存档</a>于2023-01-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E5%98%89%E9%9D%96%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%B2%E6%AC%A1%E6%88%8A%E7%94%B3%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E6%9B%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.digitalarchives.tw%2Fitem%2F00%2F07%2Fec%2Fbb.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>(大統民曆)<br /><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/07/ec/ac.html">大明正德六年大統曆</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-28</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230204035835/https://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/07/ec/ac.html">存档</a>于2023-02-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E6%AD%A3%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%AD%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E6%9B%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.digitalarchives.tw%2Fitem%2F00%2F07%2Fec%2Fac.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>(大統民曆)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tm.ncl.edu.tw/article?u=045_103_000019&lang=chn">臺灣民曆</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-28</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230204184242/https://tm.ncl.edu.tw/article?u=045_103_000019&lang=chn">存档</a>于2023-02-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E6%9B%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftm.ncl.edu.tw%2Farticle%3Fu%3D045_103_000019%26lang%3Dchn&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">張嘉鳳. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nclfile.ncl.edu.tw/nclhistory/public/Attachment/1112114311471.pdf">中國古代的天文與曆法概說 - 國家圖書館</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-30</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230130065736/https://nclfile.ncl.edu.tw/nclhistory/public/Attachment/1112114311471.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2023-01-30).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.au=%E5%BC%B5%E5%98%89%E9%B3%B3&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E8%88%87%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95%E6%A6%82%E8%AA%AA+-+%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnclfile.ncl.edu.tw%2Fnclhistory%2Fpublic%2FAttachment%2F1112114311471.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">黃一農. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tpl.ncl.edu.tw/NclService/pdfdownload?filePath=lV8OirTfsslWcCxIpLbUfg1V9cr4x1WcZ1_90RhuR1JBY7XcXGaoXEbw9UWP4zbv&imgType=Bn5sH4BGpJw=&key=CACyHPBTKDbyO4LffdFFivM4Hhf-xgFwAb9FTsQCS1seVVU9OyINO4qBZJhLTxWd&xmlId=0005515254">從湯若望所編民曆試析清初中歐文化的衝突與妥協</a>. 清華學報. 1996, <b>26</b> (2) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-28</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128194234/https://tpl.ncl.edu.tw/NclService/pdfdownload?filePath=lV8OirTfsslWcCxIpLbUfg1V9cr4x1WcZ1_90RhuR1JBY7XcXGaoXEbw9UWP4zbv&imgType=Bn5sH4BGpJw=&key=CACyHPBTKDbyO4LffdFFivM4Hhf-xgFwAb9FTsQCS1seVVU9OyINO4qBZJhLTxWd&xmlId=0005515254">存档</a>于2023-01-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E5%BE%9E%E6%B9%AF%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E6%89%80%E7%B7%A8%E6%B0%91%E6%9B%86%E8%A9%A6%E6%9E%90%E6%B8%85%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E8%88%87%E5%A6%A5%E5%8D%94&rft.au=%E9%BB%83%E4%B8%80%E8%BE%B2&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=%E6%B8%85%E8%8F%AF%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%B1&rft.volume=26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftpl.ncl.edu.tw%2FNclService%2Fpdfdownload%3FfilePath%3DlV8OirTfsslWcCxIpLbUfg1V9cr4x1WcZ1_90RhuR1JBY7XcXGaoXEbw9UWP4zbv%26imgType%3DBn5sH4BGpJw%3D%26key%3DCACyHPBTKDbyO4LffdFFivM4Hhf-xgFwAb9FTsQCS1seVVU9OyINO4qBZJhLTxWd%26xmlId%3D0005515254&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《明史》:「歲造大統民曆、御覽月令曆、七政躔度曆、六壬遁甲曆、四季天象占驗曆、御覽天象錄……每歲冬至日,呈奏明歲大統曆,<small>成化十五年改頒明歲曆於十月朔日</small>,移送禮部頒行。其御覽月令曆、七政躔度曆、六壬遁甲曆、四季天象錄,並先期進呈。凡曆註,御曆註三十事,<small>如祭祀、頒詔、行幸等類,</small>民曆三十二事,壬遁曆七十二事。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">黃一農. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccsdb.ncl.edu.tw/ccs/image/01_014_002_01_08.pdf">通書──中國傳統天文與社會的交融</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-19</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180202012656/http://ccsdb.ncl.edu.tw/ccs/image/01_014_002_01_08.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2018-02-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E9%80%9A%E6%9B%B8%E2%94%80%E2%94%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E8%88%87%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%A4%E8%9E%8D&rft.au=%E9%BB%83%E4%B8%80%E8%BE%B2&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccsdb.ncl.edu.tw%2Fccs%2Fimage%2F01_014_002_01_08.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">莊雅州. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tpl.ncl.edu.tw/NclService/JournalContentDetail?SysId=A83009989">夏小正月令異同論</a>. 孔孟月刊. 1983, <b>21</b> (11): 15-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-02-01</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201090927/https://tpl.ncl.edu.tw/NclService/JournalContentDetail?SysId=A83009989">存档</a>于2023-02-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%8F%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%88%E4%BB%A4%E7%95%B0%E5%90%8C%E8%AB%96&rft.au=%E8%8E%8A%E9%9B%85%E5%B7%9E&rft.date=1983&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%9F%E6%9C%88%E5%88%8A&rft.pages=15-23&rft.volume=21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftpl.ncl.edu.tw%2FNclService%2FJournalContentDetail%3FSysId%3DA83009989&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7026" class="extiw" title="s:史記/卷026">史記·曆書</a>:然後日辰之度與夏正同</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CWB-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CWB_12-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CWB_12-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/C/K/Encyclopedia/astronomy/calendar_list.html#calendar-11">天文百問 - 交通部中央氣象局</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-19</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119074146/https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/C/K/Encyclopedia/astronomy/calendar_list.html#calendar-11">存档</a>于2023-01-19). <q>古代歲首分天文歲首及民用(或稱政治)歲首,天文歲首以冬至為1歲的起點,係因冬至時太陽方位最南,其時日影最長易於測量之故,以子、丑、寅……戌、亥等12地支為序,代表1年中各月稱12建月,含冬至的月份定為子月,以下依序類推。而政治歲首以月朔為準,政治上採正月朔旦(即正月初一日)為政治歲首,齊一政治步調,以便統御臣民,至於那個月是正月,自漢武帝太初元年(西元前104年)改曆以來,至今大都採用夏代的建寅制,即取冬至起的第3個月為正月</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E7%99%BE%E5%95%8F+-+%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%83%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwb.gov.tw%2FV8%2FC%2FK%2FEncyclopedia%2Fastronomy%2Fcalendar_list.html%23calendar-11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 魏源《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%96%E5%BF%97" class="mw-redirect" title="海國圖志">海國圖志</a>》敘:「中曆資西,西曆異中,民時所授,我握其宗」。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E7%9B%AE%E7%9D%B9%E4%B9%8B%E6%80%AA%E7%8F%BE%E7%8B%80" title="二十年目睹之怪現狀">二十年目睹之怪現狀</a>》:「他的西曆並不曾錯,不過就是錯了華曆」。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">章鴻釗. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books/about/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%A4%E6%9B%86%E6%9E%90%E7%96%91.html?id=DgE-AQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y">中國古曆析疑</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-19</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119092052/https://books.google.com.tw/books/about/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%A4%E6%9B%86%E6%9E%90%E7%96%91.html?id=DgE-AQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y">存档</a>于2023-01-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.au=%E7%AB%A0%E9%B4%BB%E9%87%97&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%A4%E6%9B%86%E6%9E%90%E7%96%91&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2F%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259C%258B%25E5%258F%25A4%25E6%259B%2586%25E6%259E%2590%25E7%2596%2591.html%3Fid%3DDgE-AQAAIAAJ%26redir_esc%3Dy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">朱文哲. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qvip.net/article-9896">西曆·國曆·公曆——近代中國的曆法“正名”</a>. 史林. 2019, <b>6</b> <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-27</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230127145432/http://www.qvip.net/article-9896">存档</a>于2023-01-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E8%A5%BF%E6%9B%86%C2%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%86%C2%B7%E5%85%AC%E6%9B%86%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95%E2%80%9C%E6%AD%A3%E5%90%8D%E2%80%9D&rft.au=%E6%9C%B1%E6%96%87%E5%93%B2&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%B2%E6%9E%97&rft.volume=6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qvip.net%2Farticle-9896&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinafolklore.org/web/index.php?NewsID=3881">農曆新年曾被民國政府取消 1949年正式定名春節</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-27</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230204184237/https://www.chinafolklore.org/web/index.php?NewsID=3881">存档</a>于2023-02-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%BE%E8%A2%AB%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88+1949%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%8D%E6%98%A5%E7%AF%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinafolklore.org%2Fweb%2Findex.php%3FNewsID%3D3881&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">王加華. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iqh.ruc.edu.cn/zglsdlyj/lsdl_lzjj/qsdlyj/c404c7313cb74f5180571e2630e0d0ce.htm">節氣、物候、農諺與老農:近代江南地區農事活動的運行機制</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-27</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230127143947/http://iqh.ruc.edu.cn/zglsdlyj/lsdl_lzjj/qsdlyj/c404c7313cb74f5180571e2630e0d0ce.htm">存档</a>于2023-01-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%A3%E3%80%81%E7%89%A9%E5%80%99%E3%80%81%E8%BE%B2%E8%AB%BA%E8%88%87%E8%80%81%E8%BE%B2%EF%BC%9A%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E8%BE%B2%E4%BA%8B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%B6&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%A0%E8%8F%AF&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiqh.ruc.edu.cn%2Fzglsdlyj%2Flsdl_lzjj%2Fqsdlyj%2Fc404c7313cb74f5180571e2630e0d0ce.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taiwanebook.ncl.edu.tw/zh-tw/book/NCL-9910008216">中華民國三十六年標準農曆通書</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-27</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230127142624/https://taiwanebook.ncl.edu.tw/zh-tw/book/NCL-9910008216">存档</a>于2023-01-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%B9%B4%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86%E9%80%9A%E6%9B%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaiwanebook.ncl.edu.tw%2Fzh-tw%2Fbook%2FNCL-9910008216&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E8%BF%85" class="mw-redirect" title="魯迅">魯迅</a><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B%E4%BA%8C%E9%A1%98" class="extiw" title="s:中秋二願">s:中秋二願</a>:剛過了國曆的九一八,就是夏曆的「中秋賞月」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210319045737/https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/phrase/14170">咱人 lán-lâng</a>. twblg.dict.edu.tw. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-03-03</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/phrase/14170">原始内容</a>存档于2021-03-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E5%92%B1%E4%BA%BA+l%C3%A1n-l%C3%A2ng&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=twblg.dict.edu.tw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwblg.dict.edu.tw%2Fholodict_new%2Fphrase%2F14170&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://words.hk/zidin/%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86">農曆</a>. 粵典.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%B2%B5%E5%85%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwords.hk%2Fzidin%2F%25E8%25BE%25B2%25E6%259B%2586&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">3年便累積約33日,因此每3年置一<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8F%E6%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="閏月">閏月</a>,但仍然比陽曆回歸年少3日左右,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">根據不完全統計,機率約為50%-60%。<cite class="citation journal">廖婉妤、黃靖涵、張博睿. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201004854/https://twsf.ntsec.gov.tw/activity/race-1/53/pdf/030419.pdf">一本萬「曆」--農曆19年7閏之探討</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 中華民國第53屆中小學科學展覽會 (臺中市立立人國民中學). <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-06-08</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twsf.ntsec.gov.tw/activity/race-1/53/pdf/030419.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2022-02-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%AC%E8%90%AC%E3%80%8C%E6%9B%86%E3%80%8D--%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%8619%E5%B9%B47%E9%96%8F%E4%B9%8B%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%8E&rft.au=%E5%BB%96%E5%A9%89%E5%A6%A4%E3%80%81%E9%BB%83%E9%9D%96%E6%B6%B5%E3%80%81%E5%BC%B5%E5%8D%9A%E7%9D%BF&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AC%AC53%E5%B1%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%B8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%B1%95%E8%A6%BD%E6%9C%83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwsf.ntsec.gov.tw%2Factivity%2Frace-1%2F53%2Fpdf%2F030419.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">譚冰. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=KLR7BgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA107&dq=%22%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%86%E6%9B%B8%22&hl=zh-TW&pg=PA108#v=onepage&q=%22%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%86%E6%9B%B8%22&f=false">古今曆術考</a>. 三聯書店(香港)有限公司. 2013: 108-109 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-27</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230127154324/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=KLR7BgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA107&dq=%22%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%86%E6%9B%B8%22&hl=zh-TW&pg=PA108#v=onepage&q=%22%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%86%E6%9B%B8%22&f=false">存档</a>于2023-01-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.au=%E8%AD%9A%E5%86%B0&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E6%9B%86%E8%A1%93%E8%80%83&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=108-109&rft.pub=%E4%B8%89%E8%81%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97%28%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%29%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKLR7BgAAQBAJ%26lpg%3DPA107%26dq%3D%2522%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%258F%25AF%25E6%25B0%2591%25E5%259C%258B%25E6%259B%2586%25E6%259B%25B8%2522%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26pg%3DPA108%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%258F%25AF%25E6%25B0%2591%25E5%259C%258B%25E6%259B%2586%25E6%259B%25B8%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B748" class="extiw" title="s:清史稿/卷48">清史稿·時憲四</a>:求閏月,以前後兩年有冬至之月為準。中積十三月者,以無中氣之月,從前月置閏。一歲中兩無中氣者,置在前無中氣之月為閏。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507084438/http://www.weather.org.hk/blog/?p=1550">立春與閏月</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="香港地下天文台">香港地下天文台</a>. 2015-02-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-03-08</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.org.hk/blog/?p=1550">原始内容</a>存档于2021-05-07).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E7%AB%8B%E6%98%A5%E8%88%87%E9%96%8F%E6%9C%88&rft.date=2015-02-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.org.hk%2Fblog%2F%3Fp%3D1550&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191121051339/http://www.hko.gov.hk/forecaster_blog/2016/fb_20161216_uc.htm">雙春兼閏月</a>. 香港天文台. 2016-12-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-03-08</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/forecaster_blog/2016/fb_20161216_uc.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2019-11-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E9%9B%99%E6%98%A5%E5%85%BC%E9%96%8F%E6%9C%88&rft.date=2016-12-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hko.gov.hk%2Fforecaster_blog%2F2016%2Ffb_20161216_uc.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7025" class="extiw" title="s:新唐書/卷025">s:新唐書/卷025</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B7%B3%E9%A2%A8" title="李淳風">李淳風</a>:「古曆分日,起於子半。」。<br /><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%A8%82%E5%BE%8B%E8%A1%A8%E5%BE%AE_(%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC)/%E5%8D%B73" class="extiw" title="s:樂律表微 (四庫全書本)/卷3">s:樂律表微_(四庫全書本)/卷3</a><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8_(%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC)/%E5%8D%B722" class="extiw" title="s:性理大全書 (四庫全書本)/卷22">s:性理大全書 (四庫全書本)/卷22</a>:子時初四刻屬前一日 正四刻屬後日 其兩日之間即所謂始之始 中之中也。<br /><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E5%8E%AF%E5%BF%97_(%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC)/%E5%8D%B76#日周一萬分" class="extiw" title="s:大統厯志 (四庫全書本)/卷6">s:大統厯志_(四庫全書本)/卷6#日周一萬分</a>:自'<b>子正初刻'</b>至'<b>夜子初四刻有</b>此分。<br /><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%B6%93%E6%88%96%E5%95%8F_(%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC)/%E5%8D%B73" class="extiw" title="s:天經或問 (四庫全書本)/卷3">s:天經或問 (四庫全書本)/卷3</a>:世人但知 子属本日 始得亥為本日終時 殊不知 子對中正初之刻為本日始時 夜子初四刻為本日終時。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7021#律曆志" class="extiw" title="s:漢書/卷021">s:漢書/卷021#律曆志</a>:時所以記啟閉也,月所以紀分至也。啟閉者,節也。分至者,中也。節不必在其月,故時中必在正數之月。……朔不得中,是謂閏月,言陰陽雖交,不得中不生。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86" title="中华人民共和国国家标准">GB</a> T33661-2017:農曆的編算與頒行.2017年5月12日公布,2017年9月1日实施.中華人民共和國國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局、中國國家標準化管理委員會.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B731#曆一" class="extiw" title="s:明史/卷31">s:明史/卷31#曆一</a>:「《大統》置閏,但論月無中氣,新法尤視合朔後先。今所進十五年新曆,其十月、十二月中氣,適交次月合朔時刻之前,所以月內雖無中氣,而實非閏月。蓋氣在朔前,則此氣尚屬前月之晦也。至十六年第二月止有驚蟄一節,而春分中氣,交第三月合朔之後,則第二月為閏正月,第三月為第二月無疑。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">周敏華. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180317013628/http://www.chinese.nsysu.edu.tw/download.php?filename=57_44ee86b8.pdf&dir=publish&title=%E5%85%A8%E6%96%87%E4%B8%8B%E8%BC%89">《睡》簡、《放》簡及《孔》簡之《日書》盜篇比較</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-02-20</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinese.nsysu.edu.tw/download.php?filename=57_44ee86b8.pdf&dir=publish&title=%E5%85%A8%E6%96%87%E4%B8%8B%E8%BC%89">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2018-03-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%9D%A1%E3%80%8B%E7%B0%A1%E3%80%81%E3%80%8A%E6%94%BE%E3%80%8B%E7%B0%A1%E5%8F%8A%E3%80%8A%E5%AD%94%E3%80%8B%E7%B0%A1%E4%B9%8B%E3%80%8A%E6%97%A5%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%8B%E7%9B%9C%E7%AF%87%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83&rft.au=%E5%91%A8%E6%95%8F%E8%8F%AF&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinese.nsysu.edu.tw%2Fdownload.php%3Ffilename%3D57_44ee86b8.pdf%26dir%3Dpublish%26title%3D%25E5%2585%25A8%25E6%2596%2587%25E4%25B8%258B%25E8%25BC%2589&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">丁原植; 馮時. 殷曆月首研究. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=67f5qyid1v8C&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79">古文字與古史新論</a>. 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-02-20</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104081726/https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=67f5qyid1v8C&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79">存档</a>于2020-11-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E6%AE%B7%E6%9B%86%E6%9C%88%E9%A6%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.au=%E4%B8%81%E5%8E%9F%E6%A4%8D&rft.au=%E9%A6%AE%E6%99%82&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E8%88%87%E5%8F%A4%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%B0%E8%AB%96&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.hk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D67f5qyid1v8C%26pg%3DPA79%26lpg%3DPA79&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-時區-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-時區_39-0"><sup><b>34.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-時區_39-1"><sup><b>34.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/calendar/cal.pdf">Mathematics of the Chinese calendar</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180304233024/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/calendar/cal.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>), pp. 28–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220316060200/http://www.jaist.ac.jp/~dnthao/index_files/Am_lich/calrules.html">Computing the Vietnamese lunar calendar</a>. jaist.ac.jp. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-11-29</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaist.ac.jp/~dnthao/index_files/Am_lich/calrules.html">原始内容</a>存档于2022-03-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=Computing+the+Vietnamese+lunar+calendar&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jaist.ac.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaist.ac.jp%2F~dnthao%2Findex_files%2FAm_lich%2Fcalrules.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210319045817/http://roll.sohu.com/20120218/n335132253.shtml">“智能”手机显示错误闰月(图)-搜狐滚动</a>. roll.sohu.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-13</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roll.sohu.com/20120218/n335132253.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2021-03-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9C%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E2%80%9D%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%BA%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E9%97%B0%E6%9C%88%28%E5%9B%BE%29-%E6%90%9C%E7%8B%90%E6%BB%9A%E5%8A%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=roll.sohu.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froll.sohu.com%2F20120218%2Fn335132253.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=E107EA4DE9725EDF819F33C60A44B296">GB/T 33661-2017 农历的编算和颁行</a>. 国家标准全文公开系统. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-23</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123155832/https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=E107EA4DE9725EDF819F33C60A44B296">存档</a>于2023-01-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=GB%2FT+33661-2017+%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E7%AE%97%E5%92%8C%E9%A2%81%E8%A1%8C&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%85%A8%E6%96%87%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%80%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenstd.samr.gov.cn%2Fbzgk%2Fgb%2FnewGbInfo%3Fhcno%3DE107EA4DE9725EDF819F33C60A44B296&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310214321/http://www.xinhuanet.com//local/2017-05/24/c_1121028608.htm">国标要求日历须含公历农历以及节气</a>. 新华网. 2017-05-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-12-19</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com//local/2017-05/24/c_1121028608.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2021-03-10).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E5%9B%BD%E6%A0%87%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82%E6%97%A5%E5%8E%86%E9%A1%BB%E5%90%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%8E%86%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E8%8A%82%E6%B0%94&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2F%2Flocal%2F2017-05%2F24%2Fc_1121028608.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yuk_Tung_Liu-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yuk_Tung_Liu_46-0"><sup><b>39.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yuk_Tung_Liu_46-1"><sup><b>39.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Yuk Tung Liu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ytliu0.github.io/ChineseCalendar/rules_chinese.html">農曆編算法則</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-19</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230206164945/https://ytliu0.github.io/ChineseCalendar/rules_chinese.html">存档</a>于2023-02-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.au=Yuk+Tung+Liu&rft.btitle=%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86%E7%B7%A8%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fytliu0.github.io%2FChineseCalendar%2Frules_chinese.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.tvbs.com.tw/ttalk/detail/topic/10235">農民曆飄東洋味,真的是「媚日情結」嗎?</a>. TVBS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E8%BE%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%9B%86%E9%A3%84%E6%9D%B1%E6%B4%8B%E5%91%B3%EF%BC%8C%E7%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%98%AF%E3%80%8C%E5%AA%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%83%85%E7%B5%90%E3%80%8D%E5%97%8E%EF%BC%9F&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TVBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.tvbs.com.tw%2Fttalk%2Fdetail%2Ftopic%2F10235&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">卓姿均. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntl.edu.tw/public/Attachment/9111109812.pdf">日治時期的臺灣民曆</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-19</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228131953/https://www.ntl.edu.tw/public/Attachment/9111109812.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2023-02-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.au=%E5%8D%93%E5%A7%BF%E5%9D%87&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E6%9B%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntl.edu.tw%2Fpublic%2FAttachment%2F9111109812.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">游舒婷. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntl.edu.tw/public/Attachment/91111094239.pdf">傳統的再編與歷史的連續性─戰後初期的農民曆</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-19</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122001725/https://www.ntl.edu.tw/public/Attachment/91111094239.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2023-01-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.au=%E6%B8%B8%E8%88%92%E5%A9%B7&rft.btitle=%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E7%9A%84%E5%86%8D%E7%B7%A8%E8%88%87%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E9%80%A3%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7%E2%94%80%E6%88%B0%E5%BE%8C%E5%88%9D%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%9B%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntl.edu.tw%2Fpublic%2FAttachment%2F91111094239.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qudiandi.com/auction/item/aid/3256.html">中華民國六年曆書</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-27</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230127144801/https://www.qudiandi.com/auction/item/aid/3256.html">存档</a>于2023-01-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%AD%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%86%E6%9B%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qudiandi.com%2Fauction%2Fitem%2Faid%2F3256.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taiwanebook.ncl.edu.tw/zh-tw/book/NCCULIB-9900006173">國民曆 - 臺灣華文電子書庫</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-27</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230127151736/https://taiwanebook.ncl.edu.tw/zh-tw/book/NCCULIB-9900006173">存档</a>于2023-01-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%9B%86+-+%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%8F%AF%E6%96%87%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%AB&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaiwanebook.ncl.edu.tw%2Fzh-tw%2Fbook%2FNCCULIB-9900006173&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>(因為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="國民政府">國民政府</a>推動公曆貶抑農曆的政策,很長一段時期,《國民曆》只有節氣和朔弦望等資料,沒有農曆國曆對照表,只能自行計算。)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cjn.cn/sywh/201701/t2954057.htm">紫金山天文台曆算室詳解曆法歷史</a>. 長江日報. 2017 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221130001629/http://news.cjn.cn/sywh/201701/t2954057.htm">存档</a>于2022-11-30).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.atitle=%E7%B4%AB%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0%E6%9B%86%E7%AE%97%E5%AE%A4%E8%A9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cjn.cn%2Fsywh%2F201701%2Ft2954057.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pmo.cas.cn/xwdt2019/kpdt2019/202203/t20220309_6386774.html">曆書查詢 - 紫金山天文台- 中國科學院</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230621030833/http://www.pmo.cas.cn/xwdt2019/kpdt2019/202203/t20220309_6386774.html">存档</a>于2023-06-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E6%9B%86%E6%9B%B8%E6%9F%A5%E8%A9%A2+-+%E7%B4%AB%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0-+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmo.cas.cn%2Fxwdt2019%2Fkpdt2019%2F202203%2Ft20220309_6386774.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hko.gov.hk/tc/gts/time/conversion.htm">公曆與農曆對照表 - 香港天文台(HKO)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230913073731/https://www.hko.gov.hk/tc/gts/time/conversion.htm">存档</a>于2023-09-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E5%85%AC%E6%9B%86%E8%88%87%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7%E8%A1%A8+-+%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0%28HKO%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hko.gov.hk%2Ftc%2Fgts%2Ftime%2Fconversion.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hko.gov.hk/tc/sitemap.html?menu=1292&submenu=1308">香港天文台年曆 - 香港天文台(HKO)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-30</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831232217/https://www.hko.gov.hk/tc/sitemap.html?menu=1292&submenu=1308">存档</a>于2023-08-31).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%86+-+%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0%28HKO%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hko.gov.hk%2Ftc%2Fsitemap.html%3Fmenu%3D1292%26submenu%3D1308&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/C/D/publication.html?key=8">天文日曆 - 交通部中央氣象局</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-28</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128103857/https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/C/D/publication.html?key=8">存档</a>于2023-01-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E6%97%A5%E6%9B%86+-+%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%83%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwb.gov.tw%2FV8%2FC%2FD%2Fpublication.html%3Fkey%3D8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.gov.tw/dataset/157677">日曆資料 - 政府資料開放平臺</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9B%86%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99+-+%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%B9%B3%E8%87%BA&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.gov.tw%2Fdataset%2F157677&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/C/D/astronomy_data.html">天文資料下載 - 交通部中央氣象局</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602011820/https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/C/D/astronomy_data.html">存档</a>于2023-06-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E4%B8%8B%E8%BC%89+-+%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%83%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwb.gov.tw%2FV8%2FC%2FD%2Fastronomy_data.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hko.gov.hk/tc/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0%E7%B6%B2%E8%AA%8C/101741/%E4%BB%8A%E5%B9%B4-2013-%E5%B9%B4-%E7%9A%84%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88%E7%AF%80%E7%A9%B6%E7%AB%9F%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%AA%E5%A4%A9-">今年 (2013 年) 的端午節究竟在哪天 ?</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-01-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230814224846/https://www.hko.gov.hk/tc/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0%E7%B6%B2%E8%AA%8C/101741/%E4%BB%8A%E5%B9%B4-2013-%E5%B9%B4-%E7%9A%84%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88%E7%AF%80%E7%A9%B6%E7%AB%9F%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%AA%E5%A4%A9-">存档</a>于2023-08-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%8A%E5%B9%B4+%282013+%E5%B9%B4%29+%E7%9A%84%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88%E7%AF%80%E7%A9%B6%E7%AB%9F%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%AA%E5%A4%A9+%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hko.gov.hk%2Ftc%2F%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E6%2596%2587%25E5%258F%25B0%25E7%25B6%25B2%25E8%25AA%258C%2F101741%2F%25E4%25BB%258A%25E5%25B9%25B4-2013-%25E5%25B9%25B4-%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%25AB%25AF%25E5%258D%2588%25E7%25AF%2580%25E7%25A9%25B6%25E7%25AB%259F%25E5%259C%25A8%25E5%2593%25AA%25E5%25A4%25A9-&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/archive/FAQ/time/s_faq_time_9.htm">香港太空館- 星星問- 問時間</a>. <q>現在天文曆書和軟件所計算出來的節氣時間,都是假設從地心觀測太陽位置的,故此在全球所有地方,節氣都發生於同一剎那(見另一星星問),該時刻(世界時)將會被換算成各地的標準地方時間。每年準確的節氣時刻可參考由中國科學院紫金山天文台編寫的《中國天文年曆》,或可參考台灣中央氣象局在網頁刊登的日曆資料表。若要翻查多年的節氣時刻,可參考由紫金山天文台劉寶琳先生所編的《100年袖珍干支月曆(1911-2010)》。不過,坊間有些萬年曆似乎並非按照以上資料來編印,而是參考了上世紀初北洋政府教育部<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E8%A7%80%E8%B1%A1%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="中央觀象台">中央觀象台</a>所編的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E6%86%B2%E6%9B%86" title="時憲曆">中華民國曆書</a>》,該曆書除了精度不及上述年曆外,所標示的節氣時刻為北京地方時(東經116°23'的時間),此因素令該曆書的節氣時間與以東經120°的標準時間計算的曆書相差約14分鐘。若節氣發生時刻接近午夜,便有可能發生不同曆書的節氣相差一天的情況。</q></cite><span 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" title="Template:曆法"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" title="Template talk:曆法"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:曆法"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="历法(列表)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="历法">历法</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="历法列表">列表</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">曆法種類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E5%8E%86" title="阳历">阳历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E5%8E%86" title="阴历">阴历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3%E5%8E%86" title="阴阳历">阴阳历</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">廣泛使用</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">農曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8E%86" title="公历">格里曆</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8E%86" title="公历">公历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E8%A8%88%E5%B9%B4" title="天文計年">天文纪年法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO%E9%80%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9B%86" title="ISO週日曆">ISO週日曆</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">ISO 8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNIX%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="UNIX时间">UNIX时间</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="印度历法">印度教曆</a>(含<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%9B%86" title="佛曆">佛曆</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86" title="伊斯兰历">伊斯兰历</a>/回回曆</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%9B%86" title="伊朗曆">伊朗曆</a>/回回陽曆</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">區域使用</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">亞洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>東亞<a class="mw-selflink selflink">農曆</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%9B%86" title="道曆">道曆</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%83" title="黄帝纪元">黃帝紀年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%9B%86" title="和曆">和曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="朝鮮旧曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Korean calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%A7%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝鮮旧曆(页面不存在)">朝鮮旧曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Korean calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Korean calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%9B%86" title="越南曆">越南曆</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="民國紀年">民國紀年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E8%BF%B0%E6%9B%86" title="亞述曆">亞述曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="巴哈伊历法">巴哈伊曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%9B%86" title="希伯來曆">希伯來曆</a></li> <li>伊朗曆法 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑣羅亞斯德曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zoroastrian calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%A3%E7%BE%85%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑣羅亞斯德曆(页面不存在)">瑣羅亞斯德曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Zoroastrian calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zoroastrian calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊朗榮光曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jalali calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E6%A6%AE%E5%85%89%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊朗榮光曆(页面不存在)">伊朗榮光曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalali_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Jalali calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jalali calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li>伊斯蘭曆法 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法斯利曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fasli calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法斯利曆(页面不存在)">法斯利曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasli_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Fasli calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fasli calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="算表伊斯蘭曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tabular Islamic calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%A8%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="算表伊斯蘭曆(页面不存在)">算表伊斯蘭曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabular_Islamic_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Tabular Islamic calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tabular Islamic calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="庫德曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kurdish calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%AB%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="庫德曆(页面不存在)">庫德曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Kurdish calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kurdish calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%8E%86" title="蒙古历">蒙古曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%9B%86" title="藏曆">藏曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E6%9B%86" title="傣曆">傣曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E6%9B%86" title="彝曆">彝曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8E%86" title="水历">水曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F#傳統習俗" title="臺灣原住民族">臺灣原住民曆法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%B2%E6%97%8F#文化特色" title="布農族">布農族板曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%82%9F%E6%97%8F#神話傳說" title="達悟族">達悟族夜曆</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87%E6%9B%86" title="爪哇曆">爪哇曆</a></li> <li>峇里島曆法 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="峇里葩烏空曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pawukon calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%87%E9%87%8C%E8%91%A9%E7%83%8F%E7%A9%BA%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="峇里葩烏空曆(页面不存在)">峇里葩烏空曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawukon_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Pawukon calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pawukon calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="峇里薩卡曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Balinese saka calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%87%E9%87%8C%E8%96%A9%E5%8D%A1%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="峇里薩卡曆(页面不存在)">峇里薩卡曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Balinese saka calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Balinese saka calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬蘭諾曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Melanau calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E8%98%AD%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬蘭諾曆(页面不存在)">馬蘭諾曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanau_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Melanau calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Melanau calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E6%9B%86" title="緬曆">緬曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%86" title="泰國曆">泰國曆</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B0%E6%9B%86" title="泰國陰曆">泰國陰曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%BD%E6%9B%86" title="泰國陽曆">泰國陽曆</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hindu calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印曆(页面不存在)">印度曆法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Hindu calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hindu calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%86" title="印度國定曆">印度國定曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E5%8E%86" title="维克拉姆历">維克拉姆曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿薩姆曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Assamese calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E8%96%A9%E5%A7%86%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿薩姆曆(页面不存在)">阿薩姆曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamese_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Assamese calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Assamese calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="孟加拉曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bengali calendars"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%8E%86" title="孟加拉历">孟加拉曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_calendars" class="extiw" title="en:Bengali calendars"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bengali calendars</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大雄紀年" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vira Nirvana Samvat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%84%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大雄紀年(页面不存在)">耆那曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vira_Nirvana_Samvat" class="extiw" title="en:Vira Nirvana Samvat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vira Nirvana Samvat</span></a></span>)</span></span>/大雄紀年</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奧迪曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Odia calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E8%BF%AA%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧迪曆(页面不存在)">奧迪曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Odia calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Odia calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="旁遮普曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Punjabi calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%81%E9%81%AE%E6%99%AE%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旁遮普曆(页面不存在)">旁遮普曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Punjabi calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Punjabi calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="錫克教那納克曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nanakshahi calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8C%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99%E9%82%A3%E7%B4%8D%E5%85%8B%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="錫克教那納克曆(页面不存在)">錫克教那納克曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Nanakshahi calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nanakshahi calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="底羅仆多曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tirhuta Panchang"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%95%E7%BE%85%E4%BB%86%E5%A4%9A%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="底羅仆多曆(页面不存在)">底羅仆多曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirhuta_Panchang" class="extiw" title="en:Tirhuta Panchang"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tirhuta Panchang</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬拉雅拉姆曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malayalam calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬拉雅拉姆曆(页面不存在)">馬拉雅拉姆曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Malayalam calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malayalam calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="曼達安曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mandaean calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BC%E9%81%94%E5%AE%89%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曼達安曆(页面不存在)">曼達安曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaean_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Mandaean calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mandaean calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梅泰曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Meitei calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E6%B3%B0%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅泰曆(页面不存在)">梅泰曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Meitei calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Meitei calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="坦米爾曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tamil calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%A6%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坦米爾曆(页面不存在)">坦米爾曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Tamil calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tamil calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圖陸曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tulu calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%96%E9%99%B8%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圖陸曆(页面不存在)">圖陸曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulu_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Tulu calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tulu calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特里普里曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tripuri calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特里普里曆(页面不存在)">特里普里曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripuri_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Tripuri calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tripuri calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li>尼泊爾曆法 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雅拉姆王曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yele Sambat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E7%8E%8B%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅拉姆王曆(页面不存在)">雅拉姆王曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yele_Sambat" class="extiw" title="en:Yele Sambat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yele Sambat</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%93%A6%E5%8E%86" title="尼瓦历">尼瓦曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E5%8E%86" title="维克拉姆历">維克拉姆曆</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">歐洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="亚美尼亚历法">亞美尼亞曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="愛爾蘭曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Irish calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛爾蘭曆(页面不存在)">蓋爾曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Irish calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Irish calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德國異教曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heathen holidays"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%95%B0%E6%95%99%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德國異教曆(页面不存在)">德國異教曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathen_holidays" class="extiw" title="en:Heathen holidays"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heathen holidays</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡特利曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Georgian calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡特利曆(页面不存在)">卡特利曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Georgian calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Georgian calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%9B%86" title="羅馬尼亞曆">羅馬尼亞曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="立陶宛曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lithuanian calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立陶宛曆(页面不存在)">立陶宛曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Lithuanian calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lithuanian calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉夫曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavic calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫曆(页面不存在)">斯拉夫曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Slavic calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavic calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯拉夫原生信仰曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯拉夫原生信仰曆(页面不存在)">斯拉夫原生信仰曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith%27s_calendars_and_holidays" class="extiw" title="en:Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北馬其頓曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Macedonian months"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北馬其頓曆(页面不存在)">北馬其頓曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_months" class="extiw" title="en:Macedonian months"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Macedonian months</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="年之輪" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wheel of the Year"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%BC%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="年之輪(页面不存在)">威卡曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_of_the_Year" class="extiw" title="en:Wheel of the Year"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wheel of the Year</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿坎曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Akan calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%9D%8E%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿坎曆(页面不存在)">阿坎曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akan_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Akan calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Akan calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="柏柏爾曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Berber calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柏柏爾曆(页面不存在)">柏柏爾曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Berber calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Berber calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="博拉納曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Borana calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博拉納曆(页面不存在)">博拉納曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borana_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Borana calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Borana calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" title="埃及曆法">埃及曆法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊博曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Igbo calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%8D%9A%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊博曆(页面不存在)">伊博曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Igbo calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Igbo calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="紹納曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shona calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%B9%E7%B4%8D%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紹納曆(页面不存在)">紹納曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Shona calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shona calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="索馬利曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Somali calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%A2%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="索馬利曆(页面不存在)">索馬利曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Somali calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Somali calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞索托曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sotho calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞索托曆(页面不存在)">塞索托曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotho_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Sotho calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sotho calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%96%A9%E6%9B%86" title="科薩曆">科薩曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="約魯巴曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yoruba calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E9%AD%AF%E5%B7%B4%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="約魯巴曆(页面不存在)">約魯巴曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Yoruba calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yoruba calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="祖魯曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zulu calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E9%AD%AF%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祖魯曆(页面不存在)">祖魯曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Zulu calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zulu calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">美洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼斯迦曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nisga'a#Nisga’a_calendar/life"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E8%BF%A6%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼斯迦曆(页面不存在)">尼斯迦曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisga%27a#Nisga’a_calendar/life" class="extiw" title="en:Nisga'a"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nisga'a#Nisga’a_calendar/life</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%9B%86" title="瑪雅曆">瑪雅曆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特殊曆法種類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="盧恩符文曆法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Runic calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%A7%E6%81%A9%E7%AC%A6%E6%96%87%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盧恩符文曆法(页面不存在)">盧恩符文曆法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runic_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Runic calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Runic calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>中美洲曆法 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%80%E6%9B%86" title="長紀曆">長紀曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%9B%86#曆法循環" title="瑪雅曆">曆法循環</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%86" title="教會年曆">教會年曆</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%86" title="科普特曆">科普特曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%9B%86" title="儒略曆">儒略曆</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E6%9B%86" title="儒略改革曆">儒略改革曆</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%9B%86" title="埃塞俄比亞曆">衣索比亞曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="東正教禮儀曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A6%AE%E5%84%80%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東正教禮儀曆(页面不存在)">東正教禮儀曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="聖人曆">聖人曆</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">歷史曆法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前伊斯蘭期阿拉伯曆法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pre-Islamic Arabian calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%9C%9F%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前伊斯蘭期阿拉伯曆法(页面不存在)">前伊斯蘭期阿拉伯曆法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabian_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Pre-Islamic Arabian calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pre-Islamic Arabian calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雅典曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Attic calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅典曆(页面不存在)">雅典曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attic_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Attic calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Attic calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B9%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="阿兹特克历法">阿兹特克曆</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%8C%B2%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E6%9B%86" title="阿茲特克神聖曆">阿茲特克神聖曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%8C%B2%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%9B%86" title="阿茲特克太陽曆">阿茲特克太陽曆</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%80%AB%E6%9B%86" title="巴比倫曆">巴比倫曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保加爾曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bulgar calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保加爾曆(页面不存在)">保加爾曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Bulgar calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bulgar calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拜占庭曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Byzantine calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%8E%86" title="拜占庭历">拜占庭曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Byzantine calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Byzantine calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%95%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%9B%86" title="卡帕多西亞曆">卡帕多西亞曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凱爾特曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Celtic calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凱爾特曆(页面不存在)">凱爾特曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Celtic calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Celtic calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="占婆曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cham calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A0%E5%A9%86%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="占婆曆(页面不存在)">占婆曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cham_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Cham calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cham calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%8B%89%E6%9B%86" title="朱拉曆">朱拉曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高盧-科利尼曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coligny calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7-%E7%A7%91%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高盧-科利尼曆(页面不存在)">高盧-科利尼曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coligny_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Coligny calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coligny calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="古埃及历法">古埃及曆法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以諾書曆法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Enoch calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%B8%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以諾書曆法(页面不存在)">以諾書曆法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoch_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Enoch calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Enoch calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛羅倫斯曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Florentine calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛羅倫斯曆(页面不存在)">佛羅倫斯曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florentine_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Florentine calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Florentine calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E6%9B%86" title="法國共和曆">法國共和曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼曆法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Early Germanic calendars"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼曆法(页面不存在)">日耳曼曆法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Germanic_calendars" class="extiw" title="en:Early Germanic calendars"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Early Germanic calendars</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古希臘曆法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Greek calendars"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古希臘曆法(页面不存在)">古希臘曆法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_calendars" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Greek calendars"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Greek calendars</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度曆法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hindu calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="印度历法">古印度曆法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Hindu calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hindu calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B#数学和历法" title="印加帝國">印加曆法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古馬其頓曆法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Macedonian calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古馬其頓曆法(页面不存在)">古馬其頓曆法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Macedonian calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Macedonian calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%9B%86" title="瑪雅曆">瑪雅曆</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%9B%86#哈布曆" title="瑪雅曆">哈布曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%9B%86#卓爾金曆" title="瑪雅曆">卓爾金曆</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆伊斯卡曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muisca calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆伊斯卡曆(页面不存在)">穆伊斯卡曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muisca_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Muisca calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muisca calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞摩利五十週期曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pentecontad calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E6%91%A9%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞摩利五十週期曆(页面不存在)">亞摩利五十週期曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentecontad_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Pentecontad calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pentecontad calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="比薩曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pisan calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E8%96%A9%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比薩曆(页面不存在)">比薩曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisan_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Pisan calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pisan calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="庫姆蘭曆法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Qumran calendrical texts"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%AB%E5%A7%86%E8%98%AD%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="庫姆蘭曆法(页面不存在)">庫姆蘭曆法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qumran_calendrical_texts" class="extiw" title="en:Qumran calendrical texts"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Qumran calendrical texts</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉帕努伊曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rapa Nui calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%95%E5%8A%AA%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉帕努伊曆(页面不存在)">拉帕努伊曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapa_Nui_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Rapa Nui calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rapa Nui calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%9B%86" title="羅馬曆">羅馬曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="魯米曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rumi calendar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AD%AF%E7%B1%B3%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="魯米曆(页面不存在)">魯米曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi_calendar" class="extiw" title="en:Rumi calendar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rumi calendar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="苏维埃革命历法">蘇維埃革命曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E6%9B%86" title="瑞典曆">瑞典曆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2002年土庫曼重新命名月日名稱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="2002 renaming of Turkmen months and days of week"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%AB%E6%9B%BC%E9%87%8D%E6%96%B0%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%9C%88%E6%97%A5%E5%90%8D%E7%A8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2002年土庫曼重新命名月日名稱(页面不存在)">土庫曼更訂日月名稱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_renaming_of_Turkmen_months_and_days_of_week" class="extiw" title="en:2002 renaming of Turkmen months and days of week"><span lang="en" dir="auto">2002 renaming of Turkmen months and days of week</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F" title="主體年號">北韓主體曆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">歷史學用曆法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前儒略曆(页面不存在)">前儒略曆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前格里曆(页面不存在)">前格里曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E6%9B%86" title="儒略曆">儒略曆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人類學用曆法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="全新世紀年">全新世紀年</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">另類曆法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8D%E8%AA%BF%E5%92%8C%E6%95%99%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="不調和教曆(页面不存在)">不調和教曆</a>(<span lang="en">Discordian calendar</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">新世紀運動曆法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="夢語曆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dreamspell"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夢語曆(页面不存在)">夢語曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamspell" class="extiw" title="en:Dreamspell"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dreamspell</span></a></span>)</span></span>(<span lang="en">Dreamspell calendar</span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="历法改革">改革曆法</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9B%86" title="世界曆">世界曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%88%E6%9B%86" title="十三月曆">十三月曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8F%E9%80%B1%E6%9B%86" title="閏週曆">閏週曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO%E9%80%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9B%86" title="ISO週日曆">ISO週日曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%86" title="國際固定曆">國際固定曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="实证主义历法">实证主义历法</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">火星用曆法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B5%81%E5%A3%AB%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%9B%86" title="大流士火星曆">大流士火星曆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">虛構曆法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿爾達的歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Arda"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E9%81%94%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿爾達的歷史(页面不存在)">中土曆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Arda" class="extiw" title="en:History of Arda"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Arda</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%94%E6%88%92" title="魔戒">魔戒</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%8E%86" title="星历">星历</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E8%89%A6%E5%A5%87%E8%88%AA%E8%A8%98" title="星艦奇航記">星際奇航記</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%99%A9%E7%9B%A1%E6%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="噩盡曆(页面不存在)">噩盡曆</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A9%E7%9B%A1%E5%B3%B6" title="噩盡島">噩盡島</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%9B%86" title="銀河標準曆">銀河標準曆</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="星球大战">星球大战</a>》</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">曆法呈現與應用</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%B9%B4%E6%9B%86" title="萬年曆">萬年曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%86_(%E7%94%A8%E5%93%81)" title="曆 (用品)">曆 (用品)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">編年方法</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4" title="纪年">纪年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/0%E5%B9%B4" title="0年">0年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%9D%E4%BB%8A" title="距今">距今</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%83" title="公元">公元紀年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="全新世紀年">人類紀年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="民國紀年">民國紀年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%83" title="黄帝纪元">黄帝纪元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E7%A6%8E%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83" title="崇禎紀元">崇禎紀元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E7%BA%AA" title="皇纪">皇纪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%81%E6%98%9F%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4" title="岁星纪年">岁星纪年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%AD%B2%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="太歲紀年">太歲紀年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E6%94%AF" title="干支">干支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B2" title="天干">天干</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%AF" title="地支">地支</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%A9%BA%E6%B5%B7" title="火空海">火空海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%95%E8%BF%A5" title="绕迥">绕迥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%9B%86" title="佛曆">佛曆紀年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="孔子紀年">孔子紀年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%90%89%E6%80%9D%E6%B1%97%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4" title="成吉思汗纪年">成吉思汗纪年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E7%8E%8B%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="帝王紀年">帝王紀年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%BB%BA%E5%9F%8E%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4" title="罗马建城纪年">罗马建城纪年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%90%89%E5%8F%A4%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="塞琉古紀年">塞琉古紀年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83" title="世界紀元">世界紀元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%BF%A6%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="塞迦紀年">塞迦紀年</a></li></ul> <p>已停用:<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%80%E5%90%9B%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83" title="檀君紀元">檀君紀元</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B4%80%E5%B9%B4" title="大韓民國紀年">大韓民國紀年</a> </p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E6%97%A5%E9%9F%BB%E7%9B%AE" title="代日韻目">代日韻目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%97%A5%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="主日字母">主日字母</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>参见</b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="历法">历法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%88%E6%97%B6" title="授时">授时</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="时间">时间</a>相关主题</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="中國曆法" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" title="Template:中國曆法"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" title="Template talk:中國曆法"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中國曆法"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="中國曆法" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="中国传统历法">中國曆法</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" rowspan="4">史前<span class="nowrap">→东漢</span> </th> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%AD%E6%AD%B7" title="古六歷">古六曆</a><br /><small>周朝?—?</small></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%93%E9%A0%8A%E6%9B%86" title="顓頊曆">顓頊曆</a><br /><small>BC366?—BC105</small></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%88%9D%E6%9B%86" title="太初曆">太初曆</a><br /><small>BC104—4</small></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%B5%B1%E6%9B%86" title="三統曆">三統曆</a><br /><small>5—84</small> </td> <th class="navbox-group">东漢→魏→晉 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E6%9B%86" title="後漢四分曆">四分曆</a><br /><small>85—236</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E5%88%9D%E6%9B%86" title="景初曆">景初曆</a><br /><small>237—444</small> </td> <th class="navbox-group">晉→南朝 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%98%89%E6%9B%86" title="元嘉曆">元嘉曆</a><br /><small>445—509</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E6%9B%86_(%E7%A5%96%E6%B2%96%E4%B9%8B)" title="大明曆 (祖沖之)">大明曆</a><br /><small>510—589</small></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-group">吳 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E6%9B%86" title="後漢四分曆">四分曆</a><br /><small>222</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E8%B1%A1%E6%9B%86" title="乾象曆">乾象曆</a><br /><small>223—280</small> </td> <th class="navbox-group">十六国·后秦 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%B4%80%E6%9B%86" title="三紀曆">三紀曆</a><br /><small>384—417</small> </td> <th class="navbox-group">十六国·北凉 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A7%8B%E6%9B%86" title="玄始曆">玄始曆</a><br /><small>412—460</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-group" rowspan="2">蜀漢 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E5%9B%9B%E5%88%86%E6%9B%86" title="後漢四分曆">四分曆</a><br /><small>221—263</small></td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <th class="navbox-group" rowspan="2">北朝 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E5%88%9D%E6%9B%86" title="景初曆">景初曆</a><br /><small>398—451</small></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A7%8B%E6%9B%86" title="玄始曆">玄始曆</a><br /><small>452—522</small> </td> <th class="navbox-group">魏→北齐 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%89%E6%9B%86" title="正光曆">正光曆</a><br /><small>523—539</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%88%E5%92%8C%E6%9B%86" title="興和曆">興和曆</a><br /><small>540—550</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%9B%86_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B)" title="天保曆 (中國)">天保曆</a><br /><small>551—577</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-group">魏→北周 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%89%E6%9B%86" title="正光曆">正光曆</a><br /><small>523—565</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%92%8C%E6%9B%86" title="天和曆">天和曆</a><br /><small>566—578</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="20"> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-group">北朝→隋 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B1%A1%E6%9B%86" title="大象曆">大象曆</a><br /><small>579—583</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%9A%87%E6%9B%86" title="開皇曆">開皇曆</a><br /><small>584—596</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%AD%E6%9B%86" title="大業曆">大業曆</a><br /><small>597—618</small> </td> <th class="navbox-group">唐 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8A%E5%AF%85%E5%85%83%E6%9B%86" title="戊寅元曆">戊寅元曆</a><br /><small>619—665</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%9F%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%86" title="麟德曆">麟德曆</a><br /><small>666—728</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%8D%E6%9B%86" title="大衍曆">大衍曆</a><br /><small>729—762</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%B4%80%E6%9B%86" title="五紀曆">五紀曆</a><br /><small>763—783</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%83%E6%9B%86" title="正元曆">正元曆</a><br /><small>784—806</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E8%B1%A1%E6%9B%86" title="觀象曆">觀象曆</a><br /><small>807—821</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E6%98%8E%E6%9B%86" title="宣明曆">宣明曆</a><br /><small>822—892</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="20"> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-group">唐→後周 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E7%8E%84%E6%9B%86" title="崇玄曆">崇玄曆</a><br /><small>893—938</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E5%85%83%E6%9B%86" title="調元曆">調元曆</a><br /><small>939—943</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E7%8E%84%E6%9B%86" title="崇玄曆">崇玄曆</a><br /><small>944—955</small> </td> <th class="navbox-group">遼 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E5%85%83%E6%9B%86" title="調元曆">調元曆</a><br /><small>961—993</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E6%9B%86_(%E8%B3%88%E4%BF%8A)" title="大明曆 (賈俊)">大明曆</a><br /><small>994—1125</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-group">南唐 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E6%9B%86" title="中正曆">中正曆</a><br /><small>940—962</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="欽天曆">欽天曆</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>963</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="應天曆">應天曆</a><br /><small>964—975</small> </td> <th class="navbox-group" rowspan="3">後周<br />北宋<br />南宋 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="欽天曆">欽天曆</a><br /><small>956—963</small></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="應天曆">應天曆</a><br /><small>964—982</small></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E5%85%83%E6%9B%86" title="乾元曆">乾元曆</a><br /><small>983—1000</small></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="儀天曆">儀天曆</a><br /><small>1001—1023</small></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="崇天曆">崇天曆</a><br /><small>1024—1064</small></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="明天曆">明天曆</a><br /><small>1065—1067</small></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="崇天曆">崇天曆</a><br /><small>1068—1074</small></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%89%E5%85%83%E6%9B%86" title="奉元曆">奉元曆</a><br /><small>1075—1093</small></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="觀天曆">觀天曆</a><br /><small>1094—1102</small></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="占天曆">占天曆</a><br /><small>1103—1105</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-group">前蜀 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%98%8C%E6%9B%86" title="永昌曆">永昌曆</a><br /><small>909—912</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%B1%A1%E6%9B%86" title="正象曆">正象曆</a><br /><small>912—925</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-group">南漢 </th> <td>南漢曆<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>917—971</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="20"> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-group" rowspan="2">南宋 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E6%9B%86" title="紀元曆">紀元曆</a><br /><small>1106—1136</small></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E5%85%83%E6%9B%86" title="統元曆">統元曆</a><br /><small>1137—1167</small></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%81%93%E6%9B%86" title="乾道曆">乾道曆</a><br /><small>1168—1176</small></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B3%E7%86%99%E6%9B%86" title="淳熙曆">淳熙曆</a><br /><small>1177—1190</small></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E5%85%83%E6%9B%86" title="會元曆">會元曆</a><br /><small>1191—1199</small></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="統天曆">統天曆</a><br /><small>1200—1207</small></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%A6%A7%E6%9B%86" title="開禧曆">開禧曆</a><br /><small>1208—1250</small></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B3%E7%A5%90%E6%9B%86" title="淳祐曆">淳祐曆</a><br /><small>1251—1252</small></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="會天曆">會天曆</a><br /><small>1253—1270</small></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="成天曆">成天曆</a><br /><small>1271—1276</small></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="本天曆">本天曆</a><br />1277—1279<small></small> </td> <th class="navbox-group">元 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E6%9B%86" title="重修大明曆">重修大明曆</a><br /><small>1215—1280</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%88%E6%97%B6%E5%8E%86" title="授时历">授時曆</a><br /><small>1281—1387</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-group">徐宋<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%88%E6%97%B6%E5%8E%86" title="授时历">萬壽曆</a><br /><small>1350—1362</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-group">金 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E6%9B%86_(%E6%A5%8A%E7%B4%9A)" title="大明曆 (楊級)">大明曆</a><br /><small>1127—1181</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E4%BF%AE%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E6%9B%86" title="重修大明曆">重修大明曆</a><br /><small>1182—1234</small></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th class="navbox-group">张周<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%88%E6%97%B6%E5%8E%86" title="授时历">明时曆</a><br /><small>1354—1357</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="20"> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-group">明 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%88%E6%97%B6%E5%8E%86" title="授时历">大統曆</a><br /><small>1368—1683</small> </td> <th class="navbox-group">清 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%88%E6%97%B6%E5%8E%86" title="授时历">大統曆</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>1637—1644</small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E7%A5%AF%E5%8E%86%E4%B9%A6" title="崇祯历书">時憲曆</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>1645—1911</small> </td> <th class="navbox-group" rowspan="2">現代 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="西曆">西曆</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">農曆</a><br /><small>1912—今</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"> <th class="navbox-group">明夏 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="先天曆">先天曆</a><br /><small>1363—1371</small> </td> <th class="navbox-group">太平天國 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86" title="太平天曆">太平天曆</a><br /><small>1853—1863</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="20" style="text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/958%E5%B9%B4" title="958年">958年</a>以後,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%94%90" title="南唐">南唐</a>奉<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%91%A8" title="后周">后周</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>年號,但曆法仍舊使用中正曆,直至962年十一月宋朝正式向南唐頒曆後才改用宋曆。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">據張金銑《南漢曆法初考》考証,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="南漢">南漢</a>可能自造新曆,因與中原不相往來而未載。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">据《<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%AE%AB%E4%B9%8B%E7%A2%91" class="mw-redirect" title="玄宫之碑">玄宫之碑</a>》:<a href="/wiki/1350%E5%B9%B4" title="1350年">1350年</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9A%E5%AF%85" title="庚寅">庚寅</a>),<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%AF%BF%E8%BE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="徐寿辉">徐寿辉</a>建国号宋,曆曰万寿,1360年,徐宋灭亡,<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%89%E7%8F%8D" title="明玉珍">明玉珍</a>奉徐宋正朔至<a href="/wiki/1362%E5%B9%B4" title="1362年">1362年</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">据《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%AD%E8%B5%84%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%89%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="续资治通鉴">续资治通鉴</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9D%91%E8%BC%9F%E8%80%95%E9%8C%84" title="南村輟耕錄">南村辍耕录</a>》等书,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%A3%AB%E8%AF%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="张士诚">张士诚</a>于元<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E6%AD%A3" title="至正">至正</a>十四年(<a href="/wiki/1354%E5%B9%B4" title="1354年">1354年</a>)建立政权,“伪称诚王,国号大周,改元<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%91" title="天佑">天祐</a>,曆曰明时”。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">据汪小虎论文《明代颁曆制度研究》,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E5%BE%B7" title="崇德">崇德</a>二年十月开始颁曆,用大统法。有《大清崇德六年大统曆》残曆为证。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1665年至1670年间,以《<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%88%E6%97%B6%E5%8E%86" title="授时历">大统曆</a>》计算<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="历书">历书</a>,仍名之曰《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%AE%AA%E5%8E%86" class="mw-redirect" title="时宪历">时宪曆</a>》。1735年,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E5%B8%9D" title="乾隆帝">乾隆帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%98%E5%8E%86" class="mw-redirect" title="弘历">弘历</a>即位,因<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BF%E8%AE%B3" title="避讳">避讳</a>改“曆”為“書”,稱之為《<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E6%86%B2%E6%9B%86" title="時憲曆">時憲書</a>》。</span> </li> </ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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