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[{"id":40711476,"identifier":"Attachment_40711476","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":13494378,"created_at":"2015-07-01T06:20:19.411-07:00","from_world_paper_id":138457469,"updated_at":"2024-11-12T04:33:54.618-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"The widespread use of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has changed acute otitis media (AOM) bacteriology. Only scattered data with regard to this effect of PCV13 have been published so far. Methods: We retrospectively identified children \u003c6 years of age who presented to our hospital with AOM, and had middle ear fluid (MEF) cultures obtained during tympanocentesis or from spontaneous otorrhea during 2008-2013, when PCV7 (2009) and PCV13 (2010) were gradually introduced in the Israeli National Immunization Program. Data were extracted for demographics, clinical and microbiologic parameters, according to vaccination status. Results: Of the 295 eligible AOM episodes reported in 279 children, 224 (76%) had MEF cultures from tympanocentesis and 71 (24%) from spontaneous otorrhea. Boys and children \u003c2 years of age contributed 178 (60%) and 219 (74%) AOM episodes, respectively. Acute mastoiditis complicated 58 (20%) of these episodes. None of the children were PCV immunized in 2008, but \u003e90% had received ≥1 PCV dose(s) by 2011 or later. Of the 106 (36%) MEF cultures which tested positive for otopathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and multiple bacteria grew in 60 (57%), 39 (37%), 2 (2%) and 5 (5%) episodes, respectively. S. pneumonia-positive MEF culture rate in unimmunized children (31, 69%) was significantly higher than in PCV7-immunized children (22, 59%) or PCV13-immunized children (12, 50%), P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively. Conclusion: PCV7 and PCV13 implementations in the Israeli National Immunization Program were associated with a rapid reduction of \"severe\" pneumococcal AOM episodes.","publication_date":"2014,,","publication_name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"40711476"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Changing Trends of Acute Otitis Media Bacteriology in Israel in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [40400372,32700344]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":40711476,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Changing Trends of Acute Otitis Media Bacteriology in Israel in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/40711476/mini_magick20190220-11139-1t0l49l.png?1550699282" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Changing Trends of Acute Otitis Media Bacteriology in Israel in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40400372" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TalMarom"><img alt="Profile image of Tal Marom" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Tal Marom</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32700344" href="https://telaviv.academia.edu/SharonTamir"><img alt="Profile image of Sharon Tamir" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Sharon Tamir</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2014, The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">5 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 13494378; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The widespread use of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has changed acute otitis media (AOM) bacteriology. Only scattered data with regard to this effect of PCV13 have been published so far. Methods: We retrospectively identified children <6 years of age who presented to our hospital with AOM, and had middle ear fluid (MEF) cultures obtained during tympanocentesis or from spontaneous otorrhea during 2008-2013, when PCV7 (2009) and PCV13 (2010) were gradually introduced in the Israeli National Immunization Program. Data were extracted for demographics, clinical and microbiologic parameters, according to vaccination status. Results: Of the 295 eligible AOM episodes reported in 279 children, 224 (76%) had MEF cultures from tympanocentesis and 71 (24%) from spontaneous otorrhea. Boys and children <2 years of age contributed 178 (60%) and 219 (74%) AOM episodes, respectively. Acute mastoiditis complicated 58 (20%) of these episodes. None of the children were PCV immunized in 2008, but >90% had received ≥1 PCV dose(s) by 2011 or later. Of the 106 (36%) MEF cultures which tested positive for otopathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and multiple bacteria grew in 60 (57%), 39 (37%), 2 (2%) and 5 (5%) episodes, respectively. S. pneumonia-positive MEF culture rate in unimmunized children (31, 69%) was significantly higher than in PCV7-immunized children (22, 59%) or PCV13-immunized children (12, 50%), P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively. Conclusion: PCV7 and PCV13 implementations in the Israeli National Immunization Program were associated with a rapid reduction of "severe" pneumococcal AOM episodes.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":40711476,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/13494378/Changing_Trends_of_Acute_Otitis_Media_Bacteriology_in_Israel_in_the_Pneumococcal_Conjugate_Vaccine_Era"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":40711476,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/13494378/Changing_Trends_of_Acute_Otitis_Media_Bacteriology_in_Israel_in_the_Pneumococcal_Conjugate_Vaccine_Era"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Few have investigated the impact on Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mc) carriage. We aimed to compare the NP carriage rates in young children with acute otitis media (AOM) before and after PCV7 implementation in France. Methods: Prior to PCV7 implementation, we performed 4 successive randomized trials with NP samples. These studies compared several antibiotic regimens for treating AOM in young children (6 to 30 months). After PCV7 implementation, to assess the impact of the vaccination program on NP flora, young children with AOM were enrolled in a prospective surveillance study. In each study, we obtained an NP sample to analyze the carriage rates of Sp, Hi, Mc and Sa and the factors influencing the carriage. Standardized history and physical examination findings were recorded; the methods used for NP swabs (sampling and cultures) were the same in all studies. Results: We enrolled 4,405 children (mean age 13.9 months, median 12.8). Among the 2,598 children enrolled after PCV7 implementation, 98.3% were vaccinated with PCV7. In comparing the pre-and post-PCV7 periods, we found a slight but non-significant decrease in carriage rates of pneumococcus (AOR = 0.85 [0.69;1.05]), H. influenzae (AOR = 0.89 [0.73;1.09]) and S. aureus (AOR = 0.92 [0.70;1.19]). By contrast, the carriage rate of M. catarrhalis increased slightly but not significantly between the 2 periods (AOR = 1.08 [0.95;1.2]). Among Sp carriers, the proportion of PCV7 vaccine types decreased from 66.6% to 10.7% (P < 0.001), penicillin intermediate-resistant strains increased from 30.3% to 43.4% (P < 0.001), and penicillin-resistant strains decreased greatly from 22.8% to 3.8% (P < 0.001). The proportion of Hi ß-lactamase-producing strains decreased from 38.6% to 17.1% (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The carriage rates of otopathogen species (Sp, Hi, Mc) and Sa did not significantly change in children with AOM after PCV7 implementation in France. However, we observed significant changes in carriage rates of PCV7 vaccine serotypes and penicillin non-susceptible Sp.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nasopharyngeal flora in children with acute otitis media before and after implementation of 7 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in France","attachmentId":46389861,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12068600/Nasopharyngeal_flora_in_children_with_acute_otitis_media_before_and_after_implementation_of_7_valent_pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine_in_France","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12068600/Nasopharyngeal_flora_in_children_with_acute_otitis_media_before_and_after_implementation_of_7_valent_pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine_in_France"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="14439274" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14439274/Pathogens_Implicated_in_Acute_Otitis_Media_Failures_After_7_valent_Pneumococcal_Conjugate_Vaccine_Implementation_in_France">Pathogens Implicated in Acute Otitis Media Failures After 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Implementation in France</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33377336" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EmmanuelleBille">Emmanuelle Bille</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">BACKGROUND:: Before 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) implementation in France, several studies had described the microbiology of acute otitis media (AOM) treatment failures. The causative pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) followed by nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of pathogens involved in AOM treatment failures or recurrences. METHODS:: This French multicentric prospective study enrolled 143 children with AOM treatment failure between 2007 and 2009 observed by 8 ear, nose, and throat specialists. Failure was defined as the persistence of AOM symptoms after at least 48 hours of antibiotic therapy or their recurrence within 4 days after the end of treatment. Standardized history and physical examination findings were recorded, and culture of middle ear fluid (MEF) was obtained. RESULTS:: Mean age was 16.9 ± 9.9 months (median, 13.7). Eighty-eight percent of children had received more than 1 dose of PCV7, and 70.6% attended day care. The most common antibiotic used at the time of treatment failure or recurrence was a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate (51.1%). Bacteriologic sampling demonstrated that in 35% of cases (n = 50), no otopathogen was cultured at the time of treatment failure or recurrence. Similar proportions of Sp and NTHi were observed in the 86 patients (60.1%) from whom only a single species was recovered from MEF (46.5% for Sp, n = 40 and 45.3% for NTHi, n = 39). Among Sp strains, 4.4% were penicillin susceptible, 77.8% were penicillin intermediate, and 17.8% were fully penicillin resistant, and serotype 19A represented 84.5% of all serotypes detected. Among NTHi isolates, 15.5% (n = 7) were β-lactamase-producing strains (including 2 strains with only this mechanism of resistance), and strains with reduced susceptibility by changes in protein binding to penicillin (β-lactamase-negative ampicillin resistant strains) represented 35.5% of cases. Among the 50 sterile MEF samples, polymerase chain reaction was performed in 32, of which 4 were positive for HI, 3 for Sp, and 3 for both. CONCLUSIONS:: Among children with AOM treatment failures in France, Sp and NTHi were equally distributed; 19A was the main Sp serotype, and the main resistance mechanism for NTHi was β-lactamase-negative ampicillin resistance. PMID: 21983212 [PubMed -as supplied by publisher] COPYRIGHT BY National Library of Medicine, Bethesda MD, USA Using an electronic medical record tool to improve pneumococcal screening and vaccination rates for older patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia. Abstract An electronic medical record tool was developed that determines if a patient meets criteria for screening for the vaccine; it then poses a series of screening questions. Use of the tool has improved performance on pneumococcal vaccination from 44% to more than 90%, with an increase in vaccine units of 305%. PMID: 21995258 [PubMed -in process]</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pathogens Implicated in Acute Otitis Media Failures After 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Implementation in France","attachmentId":44147180,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14439274/Pathogens_Implicated_in_Acute_Otitis_Media_Failures_After_7_valent_Pneumococcal_Conjugate_Vaccine_Implementation_in_France","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14439274/Pathogens_Implicated_in_Acute_Otitis_Media_Failures_After_7_valent_Pneumococcal_Conjugate_Vaccine_Implementation_in_France"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="115976992" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115976992/Etiology_and_Antimicrobial_Susceptibility_of_Middle_Ear_Fluid_Pathogens_in_Costa_Rican_Children_With_Otitis_Media_Before_and_After_the_Introduction_of_the_7_Valent_Pneumococcal_Conjugate_Vaccine_in_the_National_Immunization_Program">Etiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Middle Ear Fluid Pathogens in Costa Rican Children With Otitis Media Before and After the Introduction of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in the National Immunization Program</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55927497" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AdrianoArguedas">Adriano Arguedas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Medicine, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Acute otitis media (AOM) microbiology was evaluated in children after 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) introduction in Costa Rica (private sector, 2004; National Immunization Program, 2009). This was a combined prospective and retrospective study conducted in a routine clinical setting in San José, Costa Rica. In the prospective part of the study, which was conducted post-PCV7 introduction (2010-2012), standard bacteriological procedures were used to evaluate the etiology and serotype distribution of middle ear fluid samples collected by tympanocentesis or otorrhea from children aged 3-59 months diagnosed with AOM. E-tests were used to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility in culture-positive samples. Retrospective data recorded between 1999 and 2004 were used for comparison of bacterial etiology and serotype distribution before and after PCV7 introduction. Statistical significance was evaluated in bivariate analyses at the P-value < 0.05 level (without multiplicity correction). Post-PCV7 introduction, Haemophilus influenzae was detected in 118/456 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 87/456 AOM episodes. Most H. influenzae isolates (113/118) were non-typeable. H. influenzae was more (27.4% vs 20.8%) and S. pneumoniae less (17.1% vs 25.5%) frequently observed in vaccinated (!2 PCV7 doses or !1 PCV7 dose at >1 year of age) versus unvaccinated children. S. pneumoniae nonsusceptibility rates were 1.1%, 34.5%, 31.7%, and 50.6% for penicillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), respectively. H. influenzae non-susceptibility rate was 66.9% for TMP-SMX. Between pre-and post-PCV7 introduction, H. influenzae became more (20.5% vs 25.9%; P-value < 0.001) and S. pneumoniae less (27.7% vs 19.1%; P-value ¼ 0.002) prevalent, and PCV7 serotype proportions decreased among pneumococcal isolates (65.8% vs 43.7%; P-value ¼ 0.0005). Frequently identified pneumococcal serotypes were 19F (34.2%), 3 (9.7%), 6B (9.7%), and 14 (9.7%) pre-PCV7 introduction, and 19F (27.6%), 14 (8.0%), and 35B (8.0%) post-PCV7 introduction. Following PCV7 introduction, a change in the distribution of AOM episodes caused by H. influenzae and pneumococcal serotypes included in PCV7 was observed in Costa Rican children. Pneumococcal vaccines</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Etiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Middle Ear Fluid Pathogens in Costa Rican Children With Otitis Media Before and After the Introduction of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in the National Immunization Program","attachmentId":112234760,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115976992/Etiology_and_Antimicrobial_Susceptibility_of_Middle_Ear_Fluid_Pathogens_in_Costa_Rican_Children_With_Otitis_Media_Before_and_After_the_Introduction_of_the_7_Valent_Pneumococcal_Conjugate_Vaccine_in_the_National_Immunization_Program","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115976992/Etiology_and_Antimicrobial_Susceptibility_of_Middle_Ear_Fluid_Pathogens_in_Costa_Rican_Children_With_Otitis_Media_Before_and_After_the_Introduction_of_the_7_Valent_Pneumococcal_Conjugate_Vaccine_in_the_National_Immunization_Program"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="103582890" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103582890/The_Impact_of_the_Heptavalent_Pneumococcal_Conjugate_Vaccine_on_the_Epidemiology_of_Acute_Otitis_Media_Complicated_by_Otorrhea">The Impact of the Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on the Epidemiology of Acute Otitis Media Complicated by Otorrhea</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35917331" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IoannisKatsarolis">Ioannis Katsarolis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2010. We investigated the impact of PCV7 on childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and pneumococcal pneumonia (PP). Children aged <5 years living in Chiba city, Japan, who were admitted to hospitals were enrolled to estimate the incidence of CAP based on the midyear population. PP was determined by the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in cultured blood and/or sputum samples of CAP patients. The incidence of CAP and S. pneumoniae isolated from PP patients was compared before (April 2008-March 2009) and after (April 2012-March 2013) the introduction of PCV7 immunization. The annual incidence of CAP was reduced [incidence rate ratio 0•81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0•73-0•90]. When comparing post-vaccine with prevaccine periods, the odds ratio for PP incidence was 0•60 (95% CI 0•39-0•93, P = 0•024). PCV7covered serotypes markedly decreased (66•6% in pre-vaccine vs. 15•6% in post-vaccine, P < 0•01), and serotypes 6C, 15A, 15C and 19A increased. Multidrug-resistant international clones in the pre-vaccine period (Spain 6B-2/ST90, Taiwan 19F-14/ST236) decreased, while Sweden 15A-25/ST63 was the dominant clone in the post-vaccine period. A significant reduction in the incidence of both CAP hospitalizations and culture-confirmed PP of vaccine serotypes was observed at 2 years after PCV7 vaccination.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Impact of the Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on the Epidemiology of Acute Otitis Media Complicated by Otorrhea","attachmentId":103552273,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103582890/The_Impact_of_the_Heptavalent_Pneumococcal_Conjugate_Vaccine_on_the_Epidemiology_of_Acute_Otitis_Media_Complicated_by_Otorrhea","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103582890/The_Impact_of_the_Heptavalent_Pneumococcal_Conjugate_Vaccine_on_the_Epidemiology_of_Acute_Otitis_Media_Complicated_by_Otorrhea"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="17622725" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17622725/Review_of_randomized_controlled_trials_on_pneumococcal_vaccination_for_prevention_of_otitis_media">Review of randomized controlled trials on pneumococcal vaccination for prevention of otitis media</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37481228" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElisabethSanders">Elisabeth Sanders</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background. Increasing resistance to antibiotics of the pathogens causing acute otitis media (AOM) emphasize the need for effective methods to prevent episodes of otitis media in young children.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review of randomized controlled trials on pneumococcal vaccination for prevention of otitis media","attachmentId":39619682,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17622725/Review_of_randomized_controlled_trials_on_pneumococcal_vaccination_for_prevention_of_otitis_media","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17622725/Review_of_randomized_controlled_trials_on_pneumococcal_vaccination_for_prevention_of_otitis_media"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="85164404" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85164404/Pediatric_Acute_Otitis_Media_in_the_Era_of_Pneumococcal_Vaccination">Pediatric Acute Otitis Media in the Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33073140" href="https://cincinnatichildrens.academia.edu/DanielChoo">Daniel Choo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Objectives(1) Describe longitudinal trends in annual prevalence of hospital admission for pediatric acute otitis media (AOM) and complications of AOM (CAOM) since introduction of pneumococcal vaccination in 2000 and (2) describe the longitudinal trend of prevalence of hospital admission for pneumococcal meningitis in children with AOM-related diagnoses in the postvaccination era.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of Kids’ Inpatient Database from 2000 to 2012.SettingCommunity, nonrehabilitation hospitals.Subjects and MethodsTo determine annual prevalence of admission for AOM/CAOM, nationally weighted frequencies of children aged &lt;21 years with acute suppurative otitis media, acute mastoiditis, suppurative labyrinthitis, and/or acute petrositis were collected. The frequency of coexisting pneumococcal meningitis diagnoses among these patients was also collected. Trend analysis of prevalences of admission for AOM/CAOM and for pneumococcal meningitis occurring in the setting of AOM/CA...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pediatric Acute Otitis Media in the Era of Pneumococcal Vaccination","attachmentId":89947470,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85164404/Pediatric_Acute_Otitis_Media_in_the_Era_of_Pneumococcal_Vaccination","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85164404/Pediatric_Acute_Otitis_Media_in_the_Era_of_Pneumococcal_Vaccination"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="31977049" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31977049/Pneumococcal_vaccination_in_children_at_risk_of_developing_recurrent_acute_otitis_media_a_randomized_study">Pneumococcal vaccination in children at risk of developing recurrent acute otitis media - a randomized study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61896648" href="https://luvi.academia.edu/AnnHermansson">Ann Hermansson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Acta Paediatrica, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Aim: Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood disease, which often becomes recurrent (rAOM). A small reduction in AOM episodes has been noted in unselected child cohorts after vaccination with heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7). The purpose of this study was to investigate how vaccination affects young children at risk of developing rAOM.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pneumococcal vaccination in children at risk of developing recurrent acute otitis media - a randomized study","attachmentId":52249960,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31977049/Pneumococcal_vaccination_in_children_at_risk_of_developing_recurrent_acute_otitis_media_a_randomized_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31977049/Pneumococcal_vaccination_in_children_at_risk_of_developing_recurrent_acute_otitis_media_a_randomized_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="14596864" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14596864/Severity_of_Pneumococcal_vs_Non_Pneumococcal_Acute_Otitis_Media_in_Children">Severity of Pneumococcal vs. Non-Pneumococcal Acute Otitis Media in Children</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33550846" href="https://bgu.academia.edu/ItamarGrotto">Itamar Grotto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Pneumococcal acute otitis media (AOM) has been previously considered as a more severe disease than that caused by other otopathogens, based on clinical and/or otologic scores. We sought to test this hypothesis in the pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV) era. Children &lt;6 years who presented with &quot;severe&quot; AOM episodes with middle ear fluid (MEF) cultures during 2008-2013 were retrospectively identified. &quot;Severe&quot; AOM episodes were considered if tympanocentesis was required, or if spontaneous otorrhea was present. Data were extracted for demographics, clinical and laboratory tests. Children were categorized according to their PCV status as &quot;unimmunized&quot; or &quot;PCV7/PCV13 immunized&quot;, and according to their MEF culture results into the &quot;pneumococcal&quot; or the &quot;non-pneumococcal&quot; group. Leukocytosis was defined as white blood cells (WBC) count &gt;15,000/μL, and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level was considered as &gt;50 mg/L. ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Severity of Pneumococcal vs. Non-Pneumococcal Acute Otitis Media in Children","attachmentId":44047400,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14596864/Severity_of_Pneumococcal_vs_Non_Pneumococcal_Acute_Otitis_Media_in_Children","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14596864/Severity_of_Pneumococcal_vs_Non_Pneumococcal_Acute_Otitis_Media_in_Children"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="117092976" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117092976/Bacterial_causes_of_otitis_media_with_spontaneous_perforation_of_the_tympanic_membrane_in_the_era_of_13_valent_pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine">Bacterial causes of otitis media with spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane in the era of 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="257906263" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FranckThollot">Franck Thollot</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLOS ONE, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">After pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) implementation, the number of acute otitis media (AOM) episodes has decreased, but AOM still remains among the most common diagnoses in childhood. From 2% to 17% of cases of AOM feature spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane (SPTM). The aim of this study was to describe the bacteriological causes of SPTM 5 to 8 years years after PCV13 implementation, in 2010. From 2015 to 2018, children with SPTM were prospectively enrolled by 41 pediatricians. Middle ear fluid was obtained by sampling spontaneous discharge. Among the 470 children with SPTM (median age 20.8 months), no otopathogen was isolated for 251 (53.4% [95% CI 48.8%;58.0%]): 47.1% of infants and toddlers, 68.3% older children (p<0.001). Among children with isolated bacterial otopathogens (n = 219), non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) was the most frequent otopathogen isolated (n = 106, 48.4% [95% CI 41.6%;55.2%]), followed by Streptoccocus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) (n = 76, 34.7% [95% CI 28.4%;41.4%]) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) (n = 61, 27.9% [95% Ci 22.0%;34.3%]). NTHi was frequently isolated in infants and toddlers (53.1%), whereas the main otopathogen in older children was GAS (52.3%). In cases of co-infection with at least two otopathogens (16.9%, n = 37/219), NTHi was frequently involved (78.4%, n = 29/37). When Sp was isolated, PCV13 serotypes accounted for 32.1% of cases, with serotype 3 the main serotype (16.1%). Among Sp strains, 29.5% were penicillin-intermediate and among NTHi strains, 16.0% were β-lactamase-producers. More than 5 years after PCV13 implementation, the leading bacterial species recovered from AOM with SPTM was NTHi for infants and toddlers and GAS for older children. In both age groups, Sp was the third most frequent pathogen and vaccine serotypes still played</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bacterial causes of otitis media with spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane in the era of 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine","attachmentId":113043548,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117092976/Bacterial_causes_of_otitis_media_with_spontaneous_perforation_of_the_tympanic_membrane_in_the_era_of_13_valent_pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117092976/Bacterial_causes_of_otitis_media_with_spontaneous_perforation_of_the_tympanic_membrane_in_the_era_of_13_valent_pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="19584210" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19584210/Severity_of_pneumococcal_versus_non_pneumococcal_acute_otitis_media_in_children">Severity of pneumococcal versus non-pneumococcal acute otitis media in children</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32700344" href="https://telaviv.academia.edu/SharonTamir">Sharon Tamir</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Severity of pneumococcal versus non-pneumococcal acute otitis media in children","attachmentId":40711572,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19584210/Severity_of_pneumococcal_versus_non_pneumococcal_acute_otitis_media_in_children","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19584210/Severity_of_pneumococcal_versus_non_pneumococcal_acute_otitis_media_in_children"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":40711476,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":40711476,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_40711476" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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