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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city. For the province, see <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brescia" title="Province of Brescia">Province of Brescia</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Brescia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Brescia (disambiguation)">Brescia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><p><b>Brescia</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈbreʃʃa]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3f\/It-Brescia.ogg\/It-Brescia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"It-Brescia.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/It-Brescia.ogg/It-Brescia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:It-Brescia.ogg" title="File:It-Brescia.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <small>locally</small> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈbreːʃa]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Lombard" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Lombard">Lombard</a>: <i lang="lmo">Brèsa</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lombard:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lmo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">[ˈbrɛsɑ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈbrɛhɑ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈbrɛsa,<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈbrɛha]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Brixia</i>; <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a>: <i lang="vec">Bressa</i>) is a city and <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">comune</a></i> (municipality) in the region of <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">northern Italy</a>. It is situated at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, a few kilometers from the lakes <a href="/wiki/Lake_Garda" title="Lake Garda">Garda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Iseo" title="Lake Iseo">Iseo</a>. With a population of more than 200,000, it is the second largest city in Lombardy and the fourth largest in <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Italy" title="Northwest Italy">northwest Italy</a>. The urban area of Brescia extends beyond the administrative city limits and has a population of 672,822,<sup id="cite_ref-UrbanismiInItalia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UrbanismiInItalia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while over 1.5 million people live in its <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UrbanismiInItalia_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UrbanismiInItalia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is the administrative capital of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brescia" title="Province of Brescia">Province of Brescia</a>, one of the largest in Italy, with over 1,200,000 inhabitants. </p><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Brescia</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="it"><span title="Lombard-language text"><i lang="lmo">Brèsa</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language">Lombard</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></i></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Città di Brescia</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:250px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_-_Duomo_Nuovo_visto_dal_castello.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Brescia_-_Duomo_Nuovo_visto_dal_castello.jpg/250px-Brescia_-_Duomo_Nuovo_visto_dal_castello.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Brescia_-_Duomo_Nuovo_visto_dal_castello.jpg/375px-Brescia_-_Duomo_Nuovo_visto_dal_castello.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Brescia_-_Duomo_Nuovo_visto_dal_castello.jpg/500px-Brescia_-_Duomo_Nuovo_visto_dal_castello.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168"></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:481BresciaLoggia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/481BresciaLoggia.jpg/124px-481BresciaLoggia.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/481BresciaLoggia.jpg/186px-481BresciaLoggia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/481BresciaLoggia.jpg/248px-481BresciaLoggia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_Castello_torre_dei_Prigionieri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Brescia_Castello_torre_dei_Prigionieri.jpg/124px-Brescia_Castello_torre_dei_Prigionieri.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Brescia_Castello_torre_dei_Prigionieri.jpg/186px-Brescia_Castello_torre_dei_Prigionieri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Brescia_Castello_torre_dei_Prigionieri.jpg/248px-Brescia_Castello_torre_dei_Prigionieri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11423" data-file-height="9399"></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duomo_vecchio_facciata_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Duomo_vecchio_facciata_Brescia.jpg/124px-Duomo_vecchio_facciata_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Duomo_vecchio_facciata_Brescia.jpg/186px-Duomo_vecchio_facciata_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Duomo_vecchio_facciata_Brescia.jpg/248px-Duomo_vecchio_facciata_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11169" data-file-height="7616"></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tempio_Capitolino_Piazza_del_Foro_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tempio_Capitolino_Piazza_del_Foro_Brescia.jpg/124px-Tempio_Capitolino_Piazza_del_Foro_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tempio_Capitolino_Piazza_del_Foro_Brescia.jpg/186px-Tempio_Capitolino_Piazza_del_Foro_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tempio_Capitolino_Piazza_del_Foro_Brescia.jpg/248px-Tempio_Capitolino_Piazza_del_Foro_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6500" data-file-height="4338"></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tramonto_su_Brescia_(Foto_Luca_Giarelli).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Tramonto_su_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg/250px-Tramonto_su_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Tramonto_su_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg/375px-Tramonto_su_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Tramonto_su_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg/500px-Tramonto_su_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%"><b>Clockwise from top</b>: night view of Brescia with the <a href="/wiki/New_Cathedral,_Brescia" title="New Cathedral, Brescia">New Cathedral</a> and the Tower of Pégol (right); castle of Brescia; <i>Capitolium</i> (<a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> Heritage); panorama of Brescia; <a href="/wiki/Old_Cathedral,_Brescia" title="Old Cathedral, Brescia">Old Cathedral</a>; and Piazza della Loggia</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brescia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Brescia"><img alt="Flag of Brescia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Brescia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Brescia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Brescia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Brescia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Brescia.svg/200px-Flag_of_Brescia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Brescia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Brescia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Brescia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Brescia.svg/77px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brescia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Brescia.svg/116px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brescia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Brescia.svg/155px-Coat_of_arms_of_Brescia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="712"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i>Leonessa d'Italia</i> ("Lioness of Italy")</li> <li><i>La città della Mille Miglia</i> ("The City of the <a href="/wiki/Mille_Miglia" title="Mille Miglia">Mille Miglia</a>")</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>Brixia fidelis</i> ("Brescia the faithful")</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Brescia</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays='["_96582bd3cea6be1a6cbac122f5b6f09b72c7d0e5"]'><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Brescia&revid=1259649587&groups=_96582bd3cea6be1a6cbac122f5b6f09b72c7d0e5" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Brescia&revid=1259649587&groups=_96582bd3cea6be1a6cbac122f5b6f09b72c7d0e5 2x" alt="Map"></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brescia is located in Italy"><img alt="Brescia is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/250px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/375px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/500px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299"></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.358%;left:31.38%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brescia"><img alt="Brescia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Brescia</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Brescia in Lombardy</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Italy</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brescia is located in Lombardy"><img alt="Brescia is located in Lombardy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg/250px-Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg/375px-Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg/500px-Italy_Lombardy_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="717"></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.28%;left:57.806%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brescia"><img alt="Brescia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Brescia</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Brescia (Lombardy)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Lombardy</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brescia&params=45_32_30_N_10_13_00_E_region:IT-BS_type:city(200,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°32′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°13′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.54167°N 10.21667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.54167; 10.21667</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brescia" title="Province of Brescia">Province of Brescia</a> (BS)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First settlement:<br>Celtic settlement:<br>Roman settlement:</th><td class="infobox-data">1200 BC<br>7th century BC<br>89 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Castelletti" title="Laura Castelletti">Laura Castelletti</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">90.3 km<sup>2</sup> (34.9 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">149 m (489 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">874 m (2,867 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">104 m (341 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(1 January 2019)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">200,423</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,200/km<sup>2</sup> (5,700/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bresciano<br>Bresà (Brescian dialect)<br>Brescian (English)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">25121-25136</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Italy" title="List of dialling codes in Italy">Dialing code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">030</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patron saint</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Faustinus_and_Jovita" title="Faustinus and Jovita">Sts. Faustino and Giovita</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Saint day</th><td class="infobox-data">15 February</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.brescia.it">www<wbr></wbr>.comune<wbr></wbr>.brescia<wbr></wbr>.it</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6221#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Founded over 3,200 years ago, Brescia (in antiquity Brixia) has been an important regional centre since pre-Roman times. Its old town contains the best-preserved <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> public buildings in northern Italy<sup id="cite_ref-benic_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unesc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and numerous monuments, among these the <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> castle, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Cathedral,_Brescia" title="Old Cathedral, Brescia">Old</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Cathedral,_Brescia" title="New Cathedral, Brescia">New cathedral</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <i>Piazza della Loggia</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Rationalism_(architecture)" title="Rationalism (architecture)">rationalist</a> <i>Piazza della Vittoria</i>. </p><p>The monumental archaeological area of the Roman forum and the <a href="/wiki/San_Salvatore,_Brescia" title="San Salvatore, Brescia">monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia</a> have become a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> as part of a group of seven inscribed as <a href="/wiki/Longobards_in_Italy,_Places_of_Power_(568%E2%80%93774_A.D.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)">Longobards in Italy, Places of Power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brescia is considered to be an important industrial city.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metallurgy and production of metal parts, machine tools and firearms are of particular economic significance, along with mechanical and automotive engineering. Among the major companies based in the Brescia metro area there are utility company <a href="/wiki/A2A" title="A2A">A2A</a>, automotive manufacturer OMR, steel producers <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_Lucchini" title="Gruppo Lucchini">Lucchini</a> and Alfa Acciai, machine tools producers Camozzi and Lonati, firearms manufacturers Fausti, <a href="/wiki/Beretta" title="Beretta">Beretta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perazzi" title="Perazzi">Perazzi</a>, gas equipment manufacturers Sabaf and Cavagna, etc. </p><p>Brescia is home to the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Mille_Miglia" title="Mille Miglia">Mille Miglia</a> classic car race that starts and ends in the town. </p><p>In the arts, it was nicknamed <i>Leonessa d'Italia</i> ("The Lioness of Italy") by <a href="/wiki/Gabriele_d%27Annunzio" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriele d'Annunzio">Gabriele d'Annunzio</a>, who selected <a href="/wiki/Gardone_Riviera" title="Gardone Riviera">Gardone Riviera</a> (nearby on the shores of <a href="/wiki/Garda_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Garda Lake">Garda Lake</a>) as his final residence. The estate he built (largely thanks to state-sponsored funding), il <a href="/wiki/Vittoriale_degli_Italiani" class="mw-redirect" title="Vittoriale degli Italiani">Vittoriale</a>, is now a public institution devoted to the arts; a museum dedicated to him is hosted in his former residence. Brescia is also the setting for most of the action in <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Alessandro Manzoni</a>'s 1822 play <i><a href="/wiki/Adelchi" title="Adelchi">Adelchi</a></i>. </p><p>The province is known for being the production area of the <a href="/wiki/Franciacorta_DOCG" title="Franciacorta DOCG">Franciacorta</a> sparkling wine, as well as the main source of Italian-produced <a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">caviar</a>. Brescia with her territory was the "European Region of Gastronomy" in 2017 and the "Italian Capital of Culture" with <a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a> in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Ancient_era"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ancient era</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Middle_Ages"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Middle Ages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Early_Modern_era"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Early Modern era</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#19th_century_and_later"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">19th century and later</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Topography"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Topography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Government"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Government</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Subdivision"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Subdivision</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Main_sights"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Main sights</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#UNESCO_World_Heritage_monuments"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">UNESCO World Heritage monuments</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Monumental_area_of_the_Roman_forum"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Monumental area of the Roman forum</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Monastic_complex_of_San_Salvatore-Santa_Giulia"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Other_sights"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Other sights</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Museums"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Museums</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Parks"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Parks</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Healthcare"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Healthcare</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Agriculture"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Agriculture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Industry_and_services"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Industry and services</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Tourism"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Tourism</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Transport"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Transport</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Brescia_Metro"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Brescia Metro</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Planned_tram_network"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Planned tram network</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Rail"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext">Rail</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Roads"><span class="tocnumber">9.4</span> <span class="toctext">Roads</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Airports"><span class="tocnumber">9.5</span> <span class="toctext">Airports</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Pollution"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Pollution</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#People"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">People</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#International_relations"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">International relations</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Twin_towns_%E2%80%93_sister_cities"><span class="tocnumber">13.1</span> <span class="toctext">Twin towns – sister cities</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Consulates"><span class="tocnumber">13.2</span> <span class="toctext">Consulates</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Fountains"><span class="tocnumber">14.1</span> <span class="toctext">Fountains</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#Cultural_references"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">Cultural references</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Astronomy"><span class="tocnumber">15.1</span> <span class="toctext">Astronomy</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#References_and_sources"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext">References and sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">18</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">19</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brescia" title="Timeline of Brescia">Timeline of Brescia</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_era">Ancient era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parco_archeologico_di_Brescia_romana_Vittoria_alata_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Parco_archeologico_di_Brescia_romana_Vittoria_alata_Brescia.jpg/220px-Parco_archeologico_di_Brescia_romana_Vittoria_alata_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="6671"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 294px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Parco_archeologico_di_Brescia_romana_Vittoria_alata_Brescia.jpg/220px-Parco_archeologico_di_Brescia_romana_Vittoria_alata_Brescia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="294" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Parco_archeologico_di_Brescia_romana_Vittoria_alata_Brescia.jpg/330px-Parco_archeologico_di_Brescia_romana_Vittoria_alata_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Parco_archeologico_di_Brescia_romana_Vittoria_alata_Brescia.jpg/440px-Parco_archeologico_di_Brescia_romana_Vittoria_alata_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><i>Winged Victory of Brescia</i> (1st century <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>Various myths relate to the founding of Brescia: one assigns it to <a href="/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules</a>, while another attributes its foundation as <i>Altilia</i> ("the other Ilium") by a fugitive from the siege of <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>. According to another myth, the founder was the king of the <a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cycnus_of_Liguria" title="Cycnus of Liguria">Cidnus</a>, who had invaded the <a href="/wiki/Padan_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Padan Plain">Padan Plain</a> in the late <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>. <i>Colle Cidneo</i> (Cidnus's Hill) was named after that version, and it is the site of the medieval castle. This myth seems to have a grain of truth, because recent archaeological excavations have unearthed remains of a settlement dating back to 1,200 BC that scholars presume to have been built and inhabited by Ligures peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others scholars<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2023)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> attribute<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The reason for this is unclear. (October 2023)">why?</span></a></i>]</sup> the founding of Brescia to the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gallic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cenomani_(Cisalpine_Gaul)" title="Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul)">Cenomani</a>, allies of the <a href="/wiki/Insubres" title="Insubres">Insubres</a>, invaded in the 7th century BC, and used the town as their capital. The city became Roman in 225 BC, when the Cenomani submitted to the Romans. During the <a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginian Wars">Carthaginian Wars</a>, 'Brixia' (as it was called then) was allied with the Romans. During a Celtic alliance against <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Rome</a> the city remained faithful to the Romans. With their Roman allies the city attacked and destroyed the Insubres by surprise. Subsequently, the city and the tribe entered the Roman world peacefully as faithful allies, maintaining a certain administrative freedom. In 89 BC, Brixia was recognized as <i>civitas</i> ("city"), and in 41 BC, 58 years later, its inhabitants finally received Roman citizenship. <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> founded a civil (not military) colony there in 27 BC, and he and <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> constructed an <a href="/wiki/Roman_aqueduct" title="Roman aqueduct">aqueduct</a> to supply it. Roman Brixia had at least three temples, an aqueduct, a theatre, a forum with another temple built under <a href="/wiki/Vespasianus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vespasianus">Vespasianus</a>, and some baths.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine</a> advanced against <a href="/wiki/Maxentius" title="Maxentius">Maxentius</a> in AD 312, an engagement took place at Brixia in which the enemy was forced to retreat as far as <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>. In 402, the city was ravaged by the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alaric_I" title="Alaric I">Alaric I</a>. During the 452 invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a> under <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a>, the city was besieged and sacked. Forty years later, it was one of the first conquests by the Gothic general <a href="/wiki/Theoderic_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoderic the Great">Theoderic the Great</a> in his war against <a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle Ages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_-_Castello.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Brescia_-_Castello.jpg/220px-Brescia_-_Castello.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Brescia_-_Castello.jpg/220px-Brescia_-_Castello.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Brescia_-_Castello.jpg/330px-Brescia_-_Castello.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Brescia_-_Castello.jpg/440px-Brescia_-_Castello.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The medieval castle of Brescia</figcaption></figure> <p>In 568 (or 569), Brescia was taken from the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantines</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a>, who made it the capital of one of their semi-independent duchies. The first duke was Alachis, who died in 573. Later dukes included the future kings of the Lombards <a href="/wiki/Rothari" title="Rothari">Rothari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rodoald" title="Rodoald">Rodoald</a>, and Alachis II, a fervent anti-Catholic, who was killed in battle at <a href="/wiki/Cornate_d%27Adda" title="Cornate d'Adda">Cornate d'Adda</a> in 688. The last king of the Lombards, <a href="/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius">Desiderius</a>, also held the title Duke of Brescia. </p><p>In 774, <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> captured the city and ended the presence of the Lombard kingdom in northern Italy. Notingus was the first (prince-)bishop (in 844) who bore the title of <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">count</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Brescia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Brescia">Bishopric of Brescia</a>). From 855 to 875, under <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis II the Younger</a>, Brescia became <i>de facto</i> capital of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. Later the power of the bishop as imperial representative was gradually opposed by the local citizens and nobles, resulting in Brescia becoming a <a href="/wiki/Free_commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Free commune">free commune</a> around the early 12th century. Subsequently, it expanded into the nearby countryside, first at the expense of the local landholders, and later against the neighbouring communes, notably <a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cremona" title="Cremona">Cremona</a>. Brescia defeated the latter twice at <a href="/wiki/Pontoglio" title="Pontoglio">Pontoglio</a>, then at the Grumore (mid-12th century) and in the battle of the Malamorte (Bad Death) (1192). </p><p>In 1138, Brescia experienced a communal revolt against the local Bishop Manfred led by radical reformer and <a href="/wiki/Canons_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons regular">Canons regular</a> <a href="/wiki/Arnold_of_Brescia" title="Arnold of Brescia">Arnold of Brescia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This revolt broke out due to the city's involvement in the ecclesiastical and political conflict that resulted from the <a href="/wiki/1130_papal_election" title="1130 papal election">1130 papal election</a>. This controversial election divided the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a> and caused a schism between <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_II" title="Pope Innocent II">Pope Innocent II</a> (who had the minority vote) and <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Anacletus_II" title="Antipope Anacletus II">Antipope Anacletus II</a> (who had the majority vote). During the early 1130s, when Anacletus had power over Brescia, he appointed Bishop Villanus to the diocese, but in 1132 Innocent regained control and installed Manfred. Despite Manfred supporting the reformed clergy, which Brescia had historical supported with its proximity to <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pataria" title="Pataria">Pataria</a> reform movement in the 11th century, Manfred was cast out as he clashed with the growth of the commune and the local nobility.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revolt began around 1135 and was manageable at first, but by 1138 Manfred was forced to seek papal support and left for Rome. Arnold is believed to have joined the revolt around this time, as contemporary historian <a href="/wiki/John_of_Salisbury" title="John of Salisbury">John of Salisbury</a> records that Arnold only 'so swayed the minds of the citizens that they would scarcely open their gates to the bishop on his return.'<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manfred was therefore forced to return to Rome and was likely witness to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Second Council of the Lateran">Second Council of the Lateran</a> in 1139, after which he obtained Pope Innocent's support and had Arnold exiled from Italy. Arnold's home was Brescia, but he would never return to the city; instead he developed his reform ideology while in exile and continued to dissent against the Church. He worked with intellectual <a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Peter Abelard</a> (who he potentially studied under in the 1110s) who was condemned of heresy at the <a href="/wiki/Councils_of_Sens" class="mw-redirect" title="Councils of Sens">Council of Sens</a> 1141 and went on to join the <a href="/wiki/Commune_of_Rome" title="Commune of Rome">Commune of Rome</a> in 1148, which led to his execution by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick Barbarossa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_IV" title="Pope Adrian IV">Pope Adrian IV</a> in 1155.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torre_della_Pallata_lato_ovest_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Torre_della_Pallata_lato_ovest_Brescia.jpg/150px-Torre_della_Pallata_lato_ovest_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="330" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6972" data-file-height="15348"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 330px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Torre_della_Pallata_lato_ovest_Brescia.jpg/150px-Torre_della_Pallata_lato_ovest_Brescia.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="330" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Torre_della_Pallata_lato_ovest_Brescia.jpg/225px-Torre_della_Pallata_lato_ovest_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Torre_della_Pallata_lato_ovest_Brescia.jpg/300px-Torre_della_Pallata_lato_ovest_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pallata_Tower,_Brescia" title="Pallata Tower, Brescia">Pallata Tower</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the struggles of the 12th and 13th centuries between the Lombard cities and the Holy Roman emperors, Brescia was implicated either in league with the emperors or against them. In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Legnano" title="Battle of Legnano">Battle of Legnano</a> the contingent from Brescia was second in size to that of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Constance" title="Peace of Constance">Peace of Constance</a> (1183) that ended the war with <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick Barbarossa</a> confirmed officially the free status of the <i>comune</i>. In 1201 the <i><a href="/wiki/Podest%C3%A0" title="Podestà">podestà</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Rambertino_Buvalelli" title="Rambertino Buvalelli">Rambertino Buvalelli</a> made peace and established a league with Cremona, Bergamo, and <a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a>. Memorable also was the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Brescia_(1238)" title="Siege of Brescia (1238)">siege</a> laid by the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> in 1238 on account of the part taken by Brescia in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cortenova" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Cortenova">Battle of Cortenova</a> (1237). Brescia came through this assault victorious. After the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen</a>, republican institutions declined in Brescia as in the other free cities and the leadership was contested between powerful families, chief among them the Maggi and the Brusati, the latter of the (pro-imperial, anti-papal) <a href="/wiki/Ghibelline" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghibelline">Ghibelline</a> party. In 1258 the city fell into the hands of <a href="/wiki/Ezzelino_III_da_Romano" title="Ezzelino III da Romano">Ezzelino da Romano</a>. </p><p>In 1311 <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Henry_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Henry VII">Emperor Henry VII</a> laid siege to Brescia for six months, losing three-fourths of his army. Later the <a href="/wiki/Scaliger" title="Scaliger">Scaliger</a> of Verona, aided by the exiled Ghibellines, sought to place Brescia under subjugation. The citizens of Brescia then had recourse to <a href="/wiki/John_I_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="John I of Bohemia">John of Luxemburg</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Mastino_II_della_Scala" title="Mastino II della Scala">Mastino II della Scala</a> expelled the governor appointed by him. His mastery was soon contested by the <a href="/wiki/Visconti_of_Milan" title="Visconti of Milan">Visconti of Milan</a>, but not even their rule was undisputed, as <a href="/wiki/Pandolfo_III_Malatesta" title="Pandolfo III Malatesta">Pandolfo III Malatesta</a> took possession of the city in 1406. However, in 1416 he bartered it to <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Maria_Visconti" title="Filippo Maria Visconti">Filippo Maria Visconti</a> duke of Milan, who in 1426 sold it to the Venetians. The Milanese nobles forced Filippo to resume hostilities against the Venetians, and thus to attempt the recovery of Brescia, but he was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maclodio" title="Battle of Maclodio">Battle of Maclodio</a> (1427), near Brescia, by general <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Bussone_da_Carmagnola" title="Francesco Bussone da Carmagnola">Carmagnola</a>, commander of the Venetian mercenary army. In 1439, Brescia was once more besieged by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Sforza" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Sforza">Francesco Sforza</a>, captain of the Venetians, who defeated <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Piccinino" title="Niccolò Piccinino">Niccolò Piccinino</a>, Filippo's <a href="/wiki/Condottiero" title="Condottiero">condottiero</a>. Thenceforward Brescia and the province were a Venetian possession, only disrupted by the French conquest in 1512. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Modern_era">Early Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early Modern era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1034237262"><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mortier,_Pierre_(1661-1711),_Mappa_di_Brescia_a_inizio_Settecento.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Mortier%2C_Pierre_%281661-1711%29%2C_Mappa_di_Brescia_a_inizio_Settecento.jpg/220px-Mortier%2C_Pierre_%281661-1711%29%2C_Mappa_di_Brescia_a_inizio_Settecento.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1402" data-file-height="1143"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 179px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Mortier%2C_Pierre_%281661-1711%29%2C_Mappa_di_Brescia_a_inizio_Settecento.jpg/220px-Mortier%2C_Pierre_%281661-1711%29%2C_Mappa_di_Brescia_a_inizio_Settecento.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="179" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Mortier%2C_Pierre_%281661-1711%29%2C_Mappa_di_Brescia_a_inizio_Settecento.jpg/330px-Mortier%2C_Pierre_%281661-1711%29%2C_Mappa_di_Brescia_a_inizio_Settecento.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Mortier%2C_Pierre_%281661-1711%29%2C_Mappa_di_Brescia_a_inizio_Settecento.jpg/440px-Mortier%2C_Pierre_%281661-1711%29%2C_Mappa_di_Brescia_a_inizio_Settecento.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Map of Brescia in the early 18th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broletto_cortile_e_cupola_duomo_nuovo_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Broletto_cortile_e_cupola_duomo_nuovo_Brescia.jpg/220px-Broletto_cortile_e_cupola_duomo_nuovo_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12489" data-file-height="11385"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 201px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Broletto_cortile_e_cupola_duomo_nuovo_Brescia.jpg/220px-Broletto_cortile_e_cupola_duomo_nuovo_Brescia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="201" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Broletto_cortile_e_cupola_duomo_nuovo_Brescia.jpg/330px-Broletto_cortile_e_cupola_duomo_nuovo_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Broletto_cortile_e_cupola_duomo_nuovo_Brescia.jpg/440px-Broletto_cortile_e_cupola_duomo_nuovo_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The dome of the New Cathedral</figcaption></figure> </div></div> <p>Brescia has had a major role in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_violin" title="History of the violin">history of the violin</a>. Many archive documents very clearly testify that from 1490 to 1640 Brescia was the cradle of a magnificent school of string players and makers, all styled "maestro", of all the different kinds of stringed instruments of the Renaissance: <a href="/wiki/Viola_da_gamba" class="mw-redirect" title="Viola da gamba">viola da gamba</a> (viols); <a href="/wiki/Violone" title="Violone">violone</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lyra" title="Lyra">lyra</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lyrone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyrone">lyrone</a>; <a href="/wiki/Violetta_(instrument)" title="Violetta (instrument)">violetta</a>; and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viola_da_brazzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viola da brazzo (page does not exist)">viola da brazzo</a>. So you can find from 1495 "maestro delle viole" or "maestro delle lire" and later, at least from 1558, "maestro di far violini" that is master of violin making. From 1530 the word violin appeared in Brescian documents and spread in later decades throughout north of Italy, reaching Venezia and Cremona.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Early in the 16th century, Brescia was one of the wealthiest cities of Lombardy, but it never recovered from <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_of_the_Italian_Wars#Brescia" title="List of battles of the Italian Wars">its sack by the French</a> in 1512.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The "Sack of Brescia" took place on 18 February 1512, during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cambrai" title="War of the League of Cambrai">War of the League of Cambrai</a>. The city of Brescia had revolted against French control, garrisoning itself with <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> troops. <a href="/wiki/Gaston_of_Foix,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Gaston of Foix, Duke of Nemours">Gaston de Foix</a>, recently arrived to command the French armies in Italy, ordered the city to surrender; when it refused, he attacked it with around 12,000 men. The French attack took place in a pouring rain, through a field of mud; Foix ordered his men to remove their shoes for better traction.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The defenders inflicted heavy casualties on the French, but were eventually overrun, suffering 8,000 – 15,000 casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascon</a> infantry and <a href="/wiki/Landsknechts" class="mw-redirect" title="Landsknechts">landsknechts</a> then proceeded to thoroughly sack the city, massacring thousands of civilians over the next five days. Following this, the city of <a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a> paid some 60,000 <a href="/wiki/Ducat" title="Ducat">ducats</a> to the French to avoid a similar fate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The French occupied Brescia until 1520, when Venetian rule resumed. Thereafter, Brescia shared the fortunes of the Venetian republic <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Fall of the Republic of Venice">until the latter fell</a> at the hands of French general <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1769, in the <a href="/wiki/Brescia_explosion" title="Brescia explosion">Brescia explosion</a>, the city was devastated when the Bastion of San Nazaro was struck by <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a>. The resulting fire ignited 90,000 kg (90 t; 200,000 lb; 99 short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> stored there, causing a massive explosion which destroyed one-sixth of the Brescia and killed 3,000 people.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1799, during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a>, the fortress, occupied by French troops, fell to the advancing allies of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coalition">Second Coalition</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Brescia" title="Capture of Brescia">Capture of Brescia</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century_and_later">19th century and later</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 19th century and later" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piazza_della_Vittoria_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Piazza_della_Vittoria_Brescia.jpg/220px-Piazza_della_Vittoria_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15013" data-file-height="9957"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Piazza_della_Vittoria_Brescia.jpg/220px-Piazza_della_Vittoria_Brescia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Piazza_della_Vittoria_Brescia.jpg/330px-Piazza_della_Vittoria_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Piazza_della_Vittoria_Brescia.jpg/440px-Piazza_della_Vittoria_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Piazza della Vittoria, example of Italian <a href="/wiki/Rationalism_(architecture)" title="Rationalism (architecture)">rationalism</a>, built between 1927 and 1932 by the architect <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Piacentini" title="Marcello Piacentini">Marcello Piacentini</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_era" title="Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a>, Brescia was part of the various <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary republics">revolutionary republics</a> and then of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy">Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy</a> after Napoleon became Emperor of the French. After the end of the Napoleonic era in 1815, Brescia was annexed to the Austrian puppet state known as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia</a>. </p><p>Brescia revolted in <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Italian_states" title="Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states">1848</a>; then again in March 1849, when the Piedmontese army invaded Austrian-controlled Lombardy, the people in Brescia overthrew the hated local Austrian administration, and the Austrian military contingent, led by General <a href="/wiki/Julius_Jacob_von_Haynau" title="Julius Jacob von Haynau">Julius Jacob von Haynau</a>, retreated to the Castle (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Castello_di_Brescia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castello di Brescia (page does not exist)">Castello di Brescia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castello_di_Brescia" class="extiw" title="it:Castello di Brescia">it</a>]</span>). When the larger military operations turned against the Piedmontese, forcing them to retreat, Brescia was left to its own resources. Still, the citizens managed to resist recapture by the Austrian army for ten days of bloody and obstinate street fighting that are now celebrated as the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Days_of_Brescia" title="Ten Days of Brescia">Ten Days of Brescia</a>. This prompted poet <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a> to nickname Brescia "Leonessa d'Italia" ("Italian Lioness"), since it was the only Lombard town to rally to King <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Albert">Charles Albert</a> of Piedmont (and to the cause of <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a>) in that year. </p><p>In 1859, the city was conquered by the Italian troops and Brescia was included in the newly founded <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Kingdom of Italy</a>. </p><p>The city was awarded a gold medal for its resistance against Fascism in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><p>On 28 May 1974, it was the seat of the bloody <a href="/wiki/Piazza_della_Loggia_bombing" title="Piazza della Loggia bombing">Piazza della Loggia bombing</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_ed_il_Castello_dalla_Panoramica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramic view of the city"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Brescia_ed_il_Castello_dalla_Panoramica.jpg/800px-Brescia_ed_il_Castello_dalla_Panoramica.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="263" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="17000" data-file-height="5585"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 800px;height: 263px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Brescia_ed_il_Castello_dalla_Panoramica.jpg/800px-Brescia_ed_il_Castello_dalla_Panoramica.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="800" data-height="263" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Brescia_ed_il_Castello_dalla_Panoramica.jpg/1200px-Brescia_ed_il_Castello_dalla_Panoramica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Brescia_ed_il_Castello_dalla_Panoramica.jpg/1600px-Brescia_ed_il_Castello_dalla_Panoramica.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_ed_il_Castello_dalla_Panoramica.jpg" title="File:Brescia ed il Castello dalla Panoramica.jpg"> </a></div>Panoramic view of the city</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Topography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Brescia is located in the northwestern section of the <a href="/wiki/Po_Valley" title="Po Valley">Po Valley</a>, at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Brescia_and_Garda_Prealps" title="Brescia and Garda Prealps">Brescian Prealps</a>, between the <a href="/wiki/Mella_(river)" title="Mella (river)">Mella</a> and the Naviglio, with the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Iseo" title="Lake Iseo">Lake Iseo</a> to the west and the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Garda" title="Lake Garda">Lake Garda</a> to the east (but it has also other important lakes like Idro and Moro<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). The southern area of the city is flat, while towards the north the territory becomes hilly. The city's lowest point is 104 metres (341 ft) above sea level, the highest point is <a href="/wiki/Monte_Maddalena" title="Monte Maddalena">Monte Maddalena</a> at 874 metres (2,867 ft), while the centre of the town is 149 metres (489 ft). The administrative comune covers a total area of 90.3 square kilometres (34.9 sq mi). </p><p>Modern Brescia has a central area focused on residential and tertiary activities. Around the city proper, lies a vast urban agglomeration with over 600,000 inhabitants that expands mainly to the north, to the west and to the east, engulfing many communes in a continuous urban landscape. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:907px;max-width:907px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_aerea_Brescia_16-07-2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Vista_aerea_Brescia_16-07-2019.jpg/240px-Vista_aerea_Brescia_16-07-2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Vista_aerea_Brescia_16-07-2019.jpg/240px-Vista_aerea_Brescia_16-07-2019.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="240" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Vista_aerea_Brescia_16-07-2019.jpg/360px-Vista_aerea_Brescia_16-07-2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Vista_aerea_Brescia_16-07-2019.jpg/480px-Vista_aerea_Brescia_16-07-2019.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:282px;max-width:282px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_Est_e_Panoramica_dal_Castello.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Brescia_Est_e_Panoramica_dal_Castello.jpg/280px-Brescia_Est_e_Panoramica_dal_Castello.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="13758" data-file-height="7865"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 280px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Brescia_Est_e_Panoramica_dal_Castello.jpg/280px-Brescia_Est_e_Panoramica_dal_Castello.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="280" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Brescia_Est_e_Panoramica_dal_Castello.jpg/420px-Brescia_Est_e_Panoramica_dal_Castello.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Brescia_Est_e_Panoramica_dal_Castello.jpg/560px-Brescia_Est_e_Panoramica_dal_Castello.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:377px;max-width:377px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_di_Brescia_SO_dalla_Via_Panoramica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Panorama_di_Brescia_SO_dalla_Via_Panoramica.jpg/375px-Panorama_di_Brescia_SO_dalla_Via_Panoramica.jpg" decoding="async" width="375" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="14579" data-file-height="6169"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 375px;height: 159px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Panorama_di_Brescia_SO_dalla_Via_Panoramica.jpg/375px-Panorama_di_Brescia_SO_dalla_Via_Panoramica.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="375" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Panorama_di_Brescia_SO_dalla_Via_Panoramica.jpg/563px-Panorama_di_Brescia_SO_dalla_Via_Panoramica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Panorama_di_Brescia_SO_dalla_Via_Panoramica.jpg/750px-Panorama_di_Brescia_SO_dalla_Via_Panoramica.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><b>From left to right</b>: panoramic views of the city from South and from West, panoramic view of the city centre and the business district</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, Brescia has a mid-latitude <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<i><b>Cfa</b></i>). Its average annual temperature is 13.7 °C (57 °F): 18.2 °C (65 °F) during the day and 9.1 °C (48 °F) at night. The warmest months are June, July, and August, with high temperatures from 27.8 to 30.3 °C (82 to 87 °F). The coldest are December, January, and February, with low temperatures from −1.5 to 0.6 °C (29 to 33 °F). </p><p>Winter is moderately cold, but not harsh, with some snow, mainly occurs from December through February, but snow cover does not usually remain for long. Summer can be sultry, when humidity levels are high and peak temperatures can reach 35 °C (95 °F). Spring and autumn are generally pleasant, with temperatures ranging between 10 and 20 °C (50 and 68 °F). </p><p>The relative humidity is high throughout the year, especially in winter when it causes fog, mainly from dusk until late morning, although the phenomenon has become increasingly less frequent in recent years. </p><p>Precipitation is spread evenly throughout the year. The driest month is December, with precipitation of 54.6 mm (2.15 in), while the wettest month is May, with 104.9 mm (4.13 in) of rain. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Brescia (<a href="/wiki/Ghedi_Air_Base" title="Ghedi Air Base">Brescia Ghedi Air Base</a>) (1991–2020 normals, extremes extremes 1951–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br>(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br>(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br>(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br>(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br>(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br>(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br>(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br>(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3<br>(91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br>(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br>(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br>(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.0<br>(102.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br>(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br>(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br>(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br>(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br>(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br>(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br>(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br>(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br>(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br>(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br>(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br>(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.7<br>(65.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br>(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br>(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br>(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br>(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br>(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br>(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br>(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br>(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br>(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br>(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br>(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br>(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.2<br>(57.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br>(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br>(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br>(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br>(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br>(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br>(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br>(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br>(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br>(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br>(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br>(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br>(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.6<br>(49.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.4<br>(−2.9) </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.6<br>(5.7) </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.3<br>(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5<br>(27.5) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br>(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br>(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br>(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br>(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br>(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.8<br>(21.6) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2<br>(17.2) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.2<br>(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−19.4<br>(−2.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.1<br>(2.09) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.1<br>(1.85) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.9<br>(2.12) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.2<br>(3.00) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.1<br>(3.59) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.9<br>(2.99) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.0<br>(2.44) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.2<br>(3.08) </td> <td style="background: #6AFF6A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.4<br>(3.80) </td> <td style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102.1<br>(4.02) </td> <td style="background: #5AFF5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.7<br>(4.20) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.0<br>(2.80) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">913.7<br>(35.98) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">81.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale<sup id="cite_ref-ISPRA_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISPRA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Servizio Meteorologico (humidity 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-SM1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SM1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SM2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SM2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-extremes_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population census</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,878</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">— </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">58,539</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">62,899</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">73,033</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">87,210</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+19.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">103,636</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">114,607</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">123,332</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.6%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">142,059</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">172,744</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+21.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">210,047</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">206,661</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">194,502</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">187,561</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">189,902</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">197,304</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.9%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">Istat</a> historical data 1861–2021<sup id="cite_ref-historical.istat_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historical.istat-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2015, there were 196,480 people residing in Brescia, of whom 47.1% were male and 52.9% were female. Minors (children aged 0–17) totalled 16% of the population compared to pensioners who number 24.6%. This compares with the Italian average of 16.5% (minors) and 22% (pensioners). In the four years between 2011 and 2015, the population of Brescia grew by 3.9%, while Italy as a whole grew by 2.1%.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current birth rate of Brescia is 7.9 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 8 births. </p><p>Brescia is one of the most cosmopolitan and multicultural cities in Italy. In 2018, the foreign-born residents represented 12% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest immigrant group comes from other European nations (mostly <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>), the others from South Asia (mostly India and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>) and North Africa. The city is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, but due to immigration now has some <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy#Christianity" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodox Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Italy" title="Sikhism in Italy">Sikh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> followers. </p><p>In 2006 there were about 1,000 people of Pakistani origins living in Brescia.<sup id="cite_ref-PophamInd_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PophamInd-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#ffa31a; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15915.284869129px; border-left-color:#ac00e6"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#ac00e6"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#ac00e6"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3978.035783976px; border-left-color:#66ff33"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#66ff33"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#66ff33"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2651.3256287233px; border-left-color:#ffff00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#ffff00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#ffff00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 606.67925626074px; border-left-color:#4080bf"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#4080bf"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#4080bf"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 109.20735798549px; border-left-color:#003399"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#003399"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#003399"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Foreign residents as of 2018 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#003399; color:white;"> </span> Italian (88.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4080bf; color:black;"> </span> European (9.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffff00; color:black;"> </span> African (2.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#66ff33; color:black;"> </span> Asian (0.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ac00e6; color:white;"> </span> Latin American (0.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffa31a; color:black;"> </span> Other (0.1%)</div> </div> </div></div> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 2em;"> <table class=""> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Country of foreign nationality</b></th> <th>Population at 1 January 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>4,588 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td>3,616 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>2,870 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></td> <td>2,427 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>2,397 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>2,193 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>2,178 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></td> <td>2,014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td> <td>1,707 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td>1,624 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>1,283 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td> <td>1,208 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></td> <td>1,050 </td></tr> <tr> <td>others</td> <td>each <1,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Brescia" title="List of mayors of Brescia">List of mayors of Brescia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_della_Loggia_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Palazzo_della_Loggia_2021.jpg/220px-Palazzo_della_Loggia_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Palazzo_della_Loggia_2021.jpg/220px-Palazzo_della_Loggia_2021.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Palazzo_della_Loggia_2021.jpg/330px-Palazzo_della_Loggia_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Palazzo_della_Loggia_2021.jpg/440px-Palazzo_della_Loggia_2021.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Palazzo della Loggia, Brescia City Hall</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:415BresciaBroletto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/415BresciaBroletto.jpg/220px-415BresciaBroletto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/415BresciaBroletto.jpg/220px-415BresciaBroletto.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/415BresciaBroletto.jpg/330px-415BresciaBroletto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/415BresciaBroletto.jpg/440px-415BresciaBroletto.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Palazzo Broletto, seat of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brescia" title="Province of Brescia">Province</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Prefecture" title="Prefecture">Prefecture</a> of Brescia</figcaption></figure> <p>Since local government political reorganization in 1993, Brescia has been governed by the City Council of Brescia, which is based in <i>Palazzo della Loggia</i>. Voters elect directly 32 councilors and the mayor of Brescia every five years. </p><p>Brescia was generally considered in the past one of the most important political <a href="/wiki/Bellwether" title="Bellwether">bellwether</a> in Italy. Historical stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> party, in 1994 it was the city in which was firstly experimented the newborn political center-left coalition formed by members of former <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">PCI</a> and DC parties against <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>'s center-right coalition: that year the last secretary of <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> and former minister, <a href="/wiki/Mino_Martinazzoli" title="Mino Martinazzoli">Mino Martinazzoli</a>, run as mayor with the support of the leftist <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Left" title="Democratic Party of the Left">PDS</a> and won the election defeating the <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia" title="Forza Italia">Forza Italia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a> bloc candidate, endorsed by Berlusconi. This experience is considered even today one of the bases of <a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Olive_Tree_(political_coalition)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Olive Tree (political coalition)">The Olive Tree</a> political coalition. </p><p>Since then to 2008 the center-left coalition held the largest number of seats with a partnership administration based on the alliance between the major left-wing, green and independents parties. Anyway, in the 2008 local elections the center-right coalition formed by Silvio Berlusconi's <a href="/wiki/People_of_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="People of Freedom">People of Freedom</a> party and the regionalist <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a> won for the first time the majority in the City Council. These elections occurred the same day Berlusconi's coalition achieved an outright majority across the country. However, in the 2013 elections the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">Democratic Party</a> achieved an outright majority across the city and the center-left coalition became again the major force in the City Council. In the 2018 local elections the center-left coalition obtained even the 54% of the votes on the first round and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">Democratic Party</a>, which obtained nearly the 35% of the votes, gained 15 seats out of 32 in the City Council. In the 2023 local elections the center-left coalition obtained again the 54% of the votes on the first round. </p><p>The current mayor of Brescia is <a href="/wiki/Laura_Castelletti" title="Laura Castelletti">Laura Castelletti</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Center-left_coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="Center-left coalition">center-left</a> <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">independent</a>, elected on 20 May 2023. She previously served as deputy mayor for 10 years between 2013 and 2023. </p><p>Brescia is also the capital of its own province. The Provincial Council is seated in <i>Palazzo Broletto</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivision">Subdivision</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Subdivision" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The city of Brescia is divided in 5 boroughs called <i>zone</i>. Each <i>zona</i> is subdivided into a different number of <i>quartieri</i>. Here is a list of Brescia's <i>zone</i> and <i>quartieri</i>: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Zona </th> <th>Population <br><small>31 December 2017</small> </th> <th class="unsortable">Map </th></tr> <tr> <td>Historical Centre </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41,856 </td> <td rowspan="15"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_quartieri_mappa_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zones of Brescia."><noscript><img alt="Zones of Brescia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brescia_quartieri_mappa_2014.jpg/250px-Brescia_quartieri_mappa_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 233px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brescia_quartieri_mappa_2014.jpg/250px-Brescia_quartieri_mappa_2014.jpg" data-alt="Zones of Brescia." data-width="250" data-height="233" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brescia_quartieri_mappa_2014.jpg/375px-Brescia_quartieri_mappa_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brescia_quartieri_mappa_2014.jpg/500px-Brescia_quartieri_mappa_2014.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>North </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41,427 </td></tr> <tr> <td>West </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37,082 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45,360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>East </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29,844 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>196,305</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:250px; vertical-align:top;"> <p><b>Historical Centre</b> </p> <ul><li>1 Brescia Antica</li> <li>2 Borgo Trento</li> <li>3 Porta Milano</li> <li>4 Centro Storico Nord</li> <li>14 Porta Venezia</li> <li>27 Centro Storico Sud</li> <li>30 Crocifissa di Rosa</li></ul> <p><b>North</b> </p> <ul><li>11 Mompiano</li> <li>15 Villaggio Prealpino</li> <li>17 San Bartolomeo</li> <li>22 Casazza</li> <li>28 Sant'Eustacchio</li> <li>29 San Rocchino</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:250px; vertical-align:top;"> <p><b>West</b> </p> <ul><li>5 Chiusure</li> <li>7 Fiumicello</li> <li>21 Urago Mella</li> <li>23 Villaggio Badia</li> <li>25 Villaggio Violino</li> <li>26 Primo Maggio</li></ul> <p><b>South</b> </p> <ul><li>6 Don Bosco</li> <li>8 Folzano</li> <li>9 Fornaci</li> <li>10 Lamarmora</li> <li>12 Porta Cremona-Volta</li> <li>20 Chiesanuova</li> <li>24 Villaggio Sereno</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:250px; vertical-align:top;"> <p><b>East</b> </p> <ul><li>13 Buffalora</li> <li>16 Caionvico</li> <li>18 Sant'Eufemia della Fonte</li> <li>19 San Polo Case</li> <li>31 San Polo Cimabue</li> <li>32 Sanpolino</li> <li>33 San Polo Parco</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Main sights" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>The old town of Brescia (characterized, in the northeast, by a rectangular plan, with the streets that intersect at right angles, a peculiarity handed down from Roman times) has a significant artistic and archaeological heritage, consisting of various monuments ranging from the ancient age to contemporary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UNESCO_World_Heritage_monuments">UNESCO World Heritage monuments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: UNESCO World Heritage monuments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">Monumental area with the monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">UNESCO World Heritage Site</span></a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_Capitolium_UNESCO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brescia_Capitolium_UNESCO.jpg/260px-Brescia_Capitolium_UNESCO.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 172px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brescia_Capitolium_UNESCO.jpg/260px-Brescia_Capitolium_UNESCO.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brescia_Capitolium_UNESCO.jpg/390px-Brescia_Capitolium_UNESCO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brescia_Capitolium_UNESCO.jpg/520px-Brescia_Capitolium_UNESCO.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <i>Capitolium</i> in the Roman forum</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">Location</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Brescia, Italy</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Longobards_in_Italy,_Places_of_Power_(568%E2%80%93774_A.D.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)">Longobards in Italy. Places of the Power (568–774 A.D.)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (ii), (iii), (vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1318-002">1318-002</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2011 (35th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">3.75 ha (0.0145 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">84.13 ha (0.3248 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brescia&params=45.539852777814_N_10.228133333342_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°32′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°13′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.539852777814°N 10.228133333342°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.539852777814; 10.228133333342</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2011, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> inscribed the monumental area with the monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia in the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a>, belonging to the group known as "<a href="/wiki/Longobards_in_Italy:_Places_of_Power_(568%E2%80%93774_A.D.)" title="Longobards in Italy: Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)">Longobards in Italy: Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Monumental_area_of_the_Roman_forum">Monumental area of the Roman forum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Monumental area of the Roman forum" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>This is the archaeological complex where there are the best-preserved Roman public buildings in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">northern Italy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-benic_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unesc_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> composed of: </p> <ul><li><i>Republican sanctuary</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>It is under the Capitoline temple. It has been built in the 1st century BC and it is the oldest structure of the <a href="/wiki/Forum_(Roman)" title="Forum (Roman)">forum</a>. It consists of four rectangular rooms next to each other and inside then there are the remains of the original <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> floors and the wall <a href="/wiki/Frescoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Frescoes">frescoes</a>, which from a stylistic point of view and state of preservation are comparable to those of <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arc_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arc-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the spring of 2015, the western room has opened to the public, while the rest of the building is still undergoing archaeological excavation and restoration.</dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Capitolium_of_Brixia" title="Capitolium of Brixia">Capitolium of Brixia</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd>The primary temple in the city, it was dedicated to the cult of the <a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Triad" title="Capitoline Triad">Capitoline Triad</a>. It was built in 73 AD and consists of three <i><a href="/wiki/Cella" title="Cella">cellae</a></i> that have preserved much of the original polychrome <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> floors,<sup id="cite_ref-arc_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arc-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while their interior walls are now a <a href="/wiki/Lapidarium" title="Lapidarium">lapidarium</a> displaying ancient Roman <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">epigraphs</a> collected in the 19th century. In front of the cellae, is a fragmentary <a href="/wiki/Portico" title="Portico">portico</a>, composed of <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian</a> columns that support a <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediment</a> containing a dedication to the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Vespasian" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Vespasian">Emperor Vespasian</a>. Almost entirely buried by a landslide of the Cidneo Hill, it was rediscovered in 1823 through various archaeological campaigns. During excavation in 1826, a splendid bronze statue of a <a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">winged Victory</a> was found inside it, likely hidden in late antiquity to preserve it from pillage. After restoration completed in 2013, the site reopened as a new archaeological park.</dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Roman theatre</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>It is located immediately at east of the <i>Capitolium</i>. It has been built in the <a href="/wiki/Flavian_dynasty" title="Flavian dynasty">Flavian era</a> and altered in the 3rd century. With its 86 m (282 ft) diameter, is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Roman_theatre_(structure)" title="Roman theatre (structure)">Roman theatres</a> in northern Italy and originally it housed around 15,000 spectators. In the 5th century, an earthquake has heavily damaged the building. In addition, in later centuries, its remains were incorporated into new buildings built on top of it, largely demolished starting from the 19th century. Of the original structure are preserved the semicircular perimeter walls, the two side passages (<i>aditus</i>) and the remains of the <i><a href="/wiki/Proscenium" title="Proscenium">proscenium</a></i>, as well as many fragments of columns and friezes of the <i><a href="/wiki/Scaenae_frons" title="Scaenae frons">scaenae frons</a></i>. Most of the <i>orchestra</i> and the <i>ima <a href="/wiki/Cavea" title="Cavea">cavea</a></i> are still below ground. The archaeological excavations should resume in the coming years.</dd></dl> <p>Near the <i>Capitolium</i> is located the <i>Palazzo Maggi Gambara</i>, an aristocratic palace built in the 16th century on top of the west ruins of the Roman theatre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Monastic_complex_of_San_Salvatore-Santa_Giulia">Monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/San_Salvatore,_Brescia" title="San Salvatore, Brescia">San Salvatore, Brescia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:938px;max-width:938px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:249px;max-width:249px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiese_Santa_Giulia_San_Salvatore_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiese_Santa_Giulia_San_Salvatore_Brescia.jpg/247px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiese_Santa_Giulia_San_Salvatore_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="11323" data-file-height="8381"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 247px;height: 183px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiese_Santa_Giulia_San_Salvatore_Brescia.jpg/247px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiese_Santa_Giulia_San_Salvatore_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="247" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiese_Santa_Giulia_San_Salvatore_Brescia.jpg/371px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiese_Santa_Giulia_San_Salvatore_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiese_Santa_Giulia_San_Salvatore_Brescia.jpg/494px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiese_Santa_Giulia_San_Salvatore_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:316px;max-width:316px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_Sudorientale_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_Sudorientale_Brescia.jpg/314px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_Sudorientale_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="314" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="11000" data-file-height="6416"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 314px;height: 183px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_Sudorientale_Brescia.jpg/314px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_Sudorientale_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="314" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_Sudorientale_Brescia.jpg/471px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_Sudorientale_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_Sudorientale_Brescia.jpg/628px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_Sudorientale_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:367px;max-width:367px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_settentrionale_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_settentrionale_Brescia.jpg/365px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_settentrionale_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="365" height="182" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="13310" data-file-height="6648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 365px;height: 182px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_settentrionale_Brescia.jpg/365px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_settentrionale_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="365" data-height="182" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_settentrionale_Brescia.jpg/548px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_settentrionale_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_settentrionale_Brescia.jpg/730px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_chiostro_settentrionale_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">Monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_maria_in_solario_(brescia)_int2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Santa_maria_in_solario_%28brescia%29_int2.jpg/220px-Santa_maria_in_solario_%28brescia%29_int2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2460" data-file-height="1723"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Santa_maria_in_solario_%28brescia%29_int2.jpg/220px-Santa_maria_in_solario_%28brescia%29_int2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Santa_maria_in_solario_%28brescia%29_int2.jpg/330px-Santa_maria_in_solario_%28brescia%29_int2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Santa_maria_in_solario_%28brescia%29_int2.jpg/440px-Santa_maria_in_solario_%28brescia%29_int2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The interior of the church of Santa Maria in Solario with the <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Desiderius" title="Cross of Desiderius">Cross of Desiderius</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_Domus_dell%27Ortaglia_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_Domus_dell%27Ortaglia_Brescia.jpg/220px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_Domus_dell%27Ortaglia_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12756" data-file-height="8285"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_Domus_dell%27Ortaglia_Brescia.jpg/220px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_Domus_dell%27Ortaglia_Brescia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_Domus_dell%27Ortaglia_Brescia.jpg/330px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_Domus_dell%27Ortaglia_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_Domus_dell%27Ortaglia_Brescia.jpg/440px-Museo_di_Santa_Giulia_Domus_dell%27Ortaglia_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><i>Domus dell'Ortaglia</i>, remains of a group of ancient Roman <i><a href="/wiki/Domus" title="Domus">domus</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia is an outstanding architectural palimpsest,<sup id="cite_ref-benic_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> today transformed into the <i>Museo di Santa Giulia</i>, which contains about 11,000 works of art and archaeological finds.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the period of Longobard domination, Princess <a href="/wiki/Anselperga" title="Anselperga">Anselperga</a>, daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius">Desiderius</a>, headed the monastery. It consists of: </p> <ul><li><i>Basilica of San Salvatore</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>It has been built in 753 by Duke of Brescia Desiderius, future Lombard king, and his wife Ansa. It is characterized by the simultaneous use of the Longobards stylistic elements and decorative motifs of classical and Byzantine art and it is one of the most important examples of High Middle Ages architecture in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basilica has a nave with two apses and has a transept with three apses. It is located over a pre-existing church, which had a single nave and three apses. Expanded in the following centuries, it houses various works of art, including the <i>Stories of St. Obizio</i> painted by <a href="/wiki/Romanino" title="Romanino">Romanino</a> and <i>Stories of the Virgin and the infancy of Christ</i> by Paolo Caylina il Giovane,<sup id="cite_ref-monastic_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monastic-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as others from the Carolingian age.</dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Church of Santa Maria in Solario</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>It has been built in the mid-12th century as a chapel inside the monastery. It has a square base with an octagonal lantern and has two internal levels.<sup id="cite_ref-monastic_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monastic-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four vaults, supported in the centre by an ancient Roman altar, covers the lower floor, while a hemispherical dome covers the upper chamber, that has, into the east wall, three small apses. Inside there are frescoes by <a href="/wiki/Floriano_Ferramola" title="Floriano Ferramola">Floriano Ferramola</a> and two of the most important pieces of the treasure of the ancient monastery: the <a href="/wiki/Brescia_Casket" title="Brescia Casket">Brescia Casket</a> (that consists of a small ivory box dating the 4th century) and the Cross of Desiderius (made of silver and gold plate, studded with 212 precious gems).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>The nuns' choir</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>It is placed between the Basilica of San Salvatore and the church of Santa Giulia. It has been built between the late 15th and early 16th century and it is on two levels. The lower level is the old churchyard covered for access to the basilica. The upper floor is the real choir, made up by a room covered by a barrel vault, which is connected to the east with San Salvatore by three small windows with a grating, on the west by Santa Giulia through an arch. The interior of the choir is entirely decorated with frescoes painted by Ferramola and Caylina, and inside are shown different funerary monuments of the Venetian age, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Martinengo_Mausoleum" title="Martinengo Mausoleum">Martinengo Mausoleum</a></i>, a masterpiece of the Renaissance sculpture in Lombardy.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Church of Santa Giulia</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>It has been built between 1593 and 1599. The façade, made of Botticino marble, is decorated with a double row of pilasters of the Corinthian order, separated by a rich marble frieze and connected to the sides by volutes. The inside consists of a spacious nave covered with a barrel vault. In the church, there are no sacred furniture and there are only a few scraps of the frescoes that originally decorated each surface. Although annexed to the monastery, it is not part of the <i>Museo di Santa Giulia</i> and is used as a conference room.<sup id="cite_ref-monastic_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monastic-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>In the former vegetable garden of this monastery have been discovered a group of Roman <a href="/wiki/Domus" title="Domus">domus</a> called <i>Domus dell'Ortaglia</i> that were used between the 1st and 4th centuries and they are some of the best preserved domus in northern Italy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sights">Other sights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other sights" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:970px;max-width:970px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:477px;max-width:477px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Monte_di_Piet%C3%A0_nuovo_Monte_vecchio_Loggia_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Palazzo_Monte_di_Piet%C3%A0_nuovo_Monte_vecchio_Loggia_Brescia.jpg/475px-Palazzo_Monte_di_Piet%C3%A0_nuovo_Monte_vecchio_Loggia_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="475" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="22600" data-file-height="8361"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 475px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Palazzo_Monte_di_Piet%C3%A0_nuovo_Monte_vecchio_Loggia_Brescia.jpg/475px-Palazzo_Monte_di_Piet%C3%A0_nuovo_Monte_vecchio_Loggia_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="475" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Palazzo_Monte_di_Piet%C3%A0_nuovo_Monte_vecchio_Loggia_Brescia.jpg/713px-Palazzo_Monte_di_Piet%C3%A0_nuovo_Monte_vecchio_Loggia_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Palazzo_Monte_di_Piet%C3%A0_nuovo_Monte_vecchio_Loggia_Brescia.jpg/950px-Palazzo_Monte_di_Piet%C3%A0_nuovo_Monte_vecchio_Loggia_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Piazza_Loggia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Piazza_Loggia.jpg/112px-Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Piazza_Loggia.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="177" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5613" data-file-height="8859"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 112px;height: 177px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Piazza_Loggia.jpg/112px-Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Piazza_Loggia.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="112" data-height="177" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Piazza_Loggia.jpg/168px-Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Piazza_Loggia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Piazza_Loggia.jpg/224px-Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Piazza_Loggia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Da_Via_Beccaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Da_Via_Beccaria.jpg/127px-Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Da_Via_Beccaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="179" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6938" data-file-height="9803"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 127px;height: 179px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Da_Via_Beccaria.jpg/127px-Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Da_Via_Beccaria.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="127" data-height="179" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Da_Via_Beccaria.jpg/191px-Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Da_Via_Beccaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Da_Via_Beccaria.jpg/254px-Brescia_Torre_Orologio_e_macc_dele_ure_Da_Via_Beccaria.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_Orologio_Piazza_Loggia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Brescia_Orologio_Piazza_Loggia.jpg/240px-Brescia_Orologio_Piazza_Loggia.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8272" data-file-height="6200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Brescia_Orologio_Piazza_Loggia.jpg/240px-Brescia_Orologio_Piazza_Loggia.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="240" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Brescia_Orologio_Piazza_Loggia.jpg/360px-Brescia_Orologio_Piazza_Loggia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Brescia_Orologio_Piazza_Loggia.jpg/480px-Brescia_Orologio_Piazza_Loggia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><i>Palazzo Monte di Pietà</i> in <i>Piazza della Loggia</i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Torre_dell%27Orologio,_Brescia" title="Torre dell'Orologio, Brescia">Torre dell'Orologio</a></i> with the astronomical clock</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cathedral_of_Brescia.jpg/220px-Cathedral_of_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4849"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cathedral_of_Brescia.jpg/220px-Cathedral_of_Brescia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cathedral_of_Brescia.jpg/330px-Cathedral_of_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cathedral_of_Brescia.jpg/440px-Cathedral_of_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The two cathedrals of Brescia: the Old (at right) and the New (at left)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_a_Brescia_facciata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_a_Brescia_facciata.jpg/220px-Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_a_Brescia_facciata.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3913" data-file-height="5623"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 316px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_a_Brescia_facciata.jpg/220px-Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_a_Brescia_facciata.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="316" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_a_Brescia_facciata.jpg/330px-Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_a_Brescia_facciata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_a_Brescia_facciata.jpg/440px-Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_a_Brescia_facciata.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The church of San Faustino and Giovita</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimitero_Vantiniano_monumento_Giovanni_Battista_Bossini_a_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cimitero_Vantiniano_monumento_Giovanni_Battista_Bossini_a_Brescia.jpg/220px-Cimitero_Vantiniano_monumento_Giovanni_Battista_Bossini_a_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8272" data-file-height="6200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cimitero_Vantiniano_monumento_Giovanni_Battista_Bossini_a_Brescia.jpg/220px-Cimitero_Vantiniano_monumento_Giovanni_Battista_Bossini_a_Brescia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cimitero_Vantiniano_monumento_Giovanni_Battista_Bossini_a_Brescia.jpg/330px-Cimitero_Vantiniano_monumento_Giovanni_Battista_Bossini_a_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cimitero_Vantiniano_monumento_Giovanni_Battista_Bossini_a_Brescia.jpg/440px-Cimitero_Vantiniano_monumento_Giovanni_Battista_Bossini_a_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Monumental_cemetery_of_Brescia" class="mw-redirect" title="Monumental cemetery of Brescia">Monumental Cemetery</a> and the <i>Lighthouse of Brescia</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_Teatro_Grande_interno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Brescia_Teatro_Grande_interno.jpg/220px-Brescia_Teatro_Grande_interno.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6500" data-file-height="4149"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Brescia_Teatro_Grande_interno.jpg/220px-Brescia_Teatro_Grande_interno.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Brescia_Teatro_Grande_interno.jpg/330px-Brescia_Teatro_Grande_interno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Brescia_Teatro_Grande_interno.jpg/440px-Brescia_Teatro_Grande_interno.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Teatro Grande</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piazzale_Arnaldo_e_Mercato_dei_grani_da_est_a_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Piazzale_Arnaldo_e_Mercato_dei_grani_da_est_a_Brescia.jpg/220px-Piazzale_Arnaldo_e_Mercato_dei_grani_da_est_a_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="13807" data-file-height="7291"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 116px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Piazzale_Arnaldo_e_Mercato_dei_grani_da_est_a_Brescia.jpg/220px-Piazzale_Arnaldo_e_Mercato_dei_grani_da_est_a_Brescia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="116" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Piazzale_Arnaldo_e_Mercato_dei_grani_da_est_a_Brescia.jpg/330px-Piazzale_Arnaldo_e_Mercato_dei_grani_da_est_a_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Piazzale_Arnaldo_e_Mercato_dei_grani_da_est_a_Brescia.jpg/440px-Piazzale_Arnaldo_e_Mercato_dei_grani_da_est_a_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Piazza <a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_da_Brescia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnaldo da Brescia">Arnaldo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tramonto_civile_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Tramonto_civile_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Tramonto_civile_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4130" data-file-height="2742"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Tramonto_civile_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Tramonto_civile_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Tramonto_civile_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Tramonto_civile_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Tramonto_civile_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Tramonto_civile_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A view of <a href="/wiki/Brescia_Due" title="Brescia Due">Brescia Due</a> with its skyscrapers: the tallest one is the <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace,_Brescia" title="Crystal Palace, Brescia">Crystal Palace</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Piazza della Loggia</b>, an example of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <i>piazza</i>, with the eponymous <i>Palazzo della <a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">Loggia</a></i> (current Town Hall). Construction began in 1492 under the direction of Filippo de' Grassi and it was completed only in the 16th century by <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Sansovino" title="Jacopo Sansovino">Sansovino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palladio" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladio">Palladio</a>. <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Vanvitelli" title="Luigi Vanvitelli">Vanvitelli</a> designed the upper room of the palace (1769). On the south side of the square are two 15th–16th century <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monti_di_Piet%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monti di Pietà (page does not exist)">Monti di Pietà</a></i> (Christian lending houses). Their façades are embedded with ancient Roman tombstones, one of oldest antique lapidary displays in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the centre of the east side of the square stands the <i><a href="/wiki/Torre_dell%27Orologio,_Brescia" title="Torre dell'Orologio, Brescia">Torre dell'Orologio</a></i>, a tower with a large astronomical clock (mid-16th-century) on top of which there are two copper anthropomorphic automata which strike the hours on a bell. On 28 May 1974, the square was targeted by the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_della_Loggia_bombing" title="Piazza della Loggia bombing">terrorist bombing</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Old_Cathedral,_Brescia" title="Old Cathedral, Brescia">Duomo Vecchio</a></b>: the <i>Old Cathedral,</i> also known as <i>La Rotonda,</i> is a circular 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> church. The main structure, with rustic exteriors, was built atop ruins of an earlier basilica. Near the entrance is the pink marble <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus_of_Berardo_Maggi" title="Sarcophagus of Berardo Maggi">sarcophagus of Berardo Maggi</a>, while in the presbytery is the entrance to the crypt of San Filastrio. The structure houses masterworks by <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Bonvicino" class="mw-redirect" title="Alessandro Bonvicino">Alessandro Bonvicino</a> (<i>il Moretto</i>); <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Romanino" class="mw-redirect" title="Girolamo Romanino">Girolamo Romanino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palma_il_Giovane" title="Palma il Giovane">Palma il Giovane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Maffei" title="Francesco Maffei">Francesco Maffei</a>, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Cathedral,_Brescia" title="New Cathedral, Brescia">Duomo Nuovo</a></b>: construction of the <i>New Cathedral</i> began in 1604 and it was only completed in 1825. Initially designed by Palladio, economic shortfalls led to younger local architects and artists completing initial work, including decorations by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Maria_Bagnadore" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietro Maria Bagnadore">Pietro Maria Bagnadore</a>. The interior has major frescoes by <a href="/wiki/Il_Moretto" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Moretto">Il Moretto</a>. The high altarpiece is by <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Zoboli" title="Jacopo Zoboli">Jacopo Zoboli</a> (1735). The main attraction is the <i>Ark of Sts Apollonius and <a href="/wiki/Filastrius" class="mw-redirect" title="Filastrius">Filastrius</a></i> (1510).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Broletto,_Brescia" title="Broletto, Brescia">Broletto</a></b>: the 12th- and 13th-century Town Hall, now houses offices of both the commune and province. On the Piazza front is the balcony from where the medieval city officials spoke to the townsfolk; on the north side, rises a tall tower called "Tower of Pégol" or "Tower of the People" (the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Lombard" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Lombard">Lombard</a>: <i>Tòr del Pégol</i>), whose bells were once used to summon the citizens in moments of distress.</li> <li><b>Piazza della Vittoria</b>, an example of Italian <a href="/wiki/Art_D%C3%A9co" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Déco">Art Déco</a> architecture. It was built between 1927 and 1932 by architect <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Piacentini" title="Marcello Piacentini">Marcello Piacentini</a> through the demolition of part of the medieval old town and it has an L-shape. On the inside corner right there is the <a href="/wiki/Torrione_INA" title="Torrione INA">Torrione INA</a>, the first skyscraper built in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-sky_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sky-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the north background there is the large <i>Palazzo delle poste</i> ("Post Office building"), with its ocher-white two-tone upholstery. The <i>Torre della Rivoluzione</i> ("Tower of the Revolution") and three other buildings, recalling the classical architecture, complete the square.</li> <li><b>Piazza del Foro</b>: site of the Roman forum. In addition to the already mentioned <i>Capitolium</i>, <i>republican sanctuary</i> and <i>Roman theatre</i>, various other remains are visible in the area. Among these, on the south side of the square, are scanty remains of a building called the <i>curia</i>, which may have been a basilica.</li> <li><b>Palazzo Martinengo Cesaresco Novarino</b>: mid-17th-century palace, now home to art exhibitions and an underground archaeological exhibit, depicting city's history from the early <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> to the present day, concentrating in a single place 3,000 years of urban history of Brescia.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_dei_Miracoli_(Brescia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria dei Miracoli (Brescia)">Santa Maria dei Miracoli</a></b>: (1488–1523) church with fine façade by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Amadeo" title="Giovanni Antonio Amadeo">Giovanni Antonio Amadeo</a>, decorated with bas-reliefs and a Renaissance <i><a href="/wiki/Peristilium" class="mw-redirect" title="Peristilium">peristilium</a></i>. It is considered a jewel of Renaissance sculpture in Lombardy.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/San_Francesco,_Brescia" title="San Francesco, Brescia">San Francesco</a></b>: Romanesque-Gothic church and cloisters.</li> <li><b>Castle of Brescia</b>: also known as <i>Falcone d'Italia</i> ("Falcon of Italy"), it is located atop Cidneo Hill in the northeast corner of the town. The castle was built between the 13th and the 16th century, and it is among the largest castles in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides commanding a fine view of the city and a large part of the surrounding area, as well as being a local favorite recreational area, it hosts the Arms Museum, with a fine collection of weapons from the Middle Ages onwards; the <i>Risorgimento Museum</i>, dedicated to the Italian independence wars of the 19th century; an exhibition of model railroads; and an astronomical observatory.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Santi_Nazaro_e_Celso_(Brescia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santi Nazaro e Celso (Brescia)">Santi Nazaro e Celso</a></b>: church housing the <a href="/wiki/Averoldi_Polyptych" title="Averoldi Polyptych">Averoldi Polyptych</a> by <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Santi_Faustino_e_Giovita_(Brescia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santi Faustino e Giovita (Brescia)">San Faustino e Giovita</a></b>: church also known as <i>San Faustino Maggiore</i>. The interior has a fresco depicting <i>Apotheosis of Sts Faustino, Jovita, Benedict and Scholastica</i> by <a href="/wiki/Giandomenico_Tiepolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Giandomenico Tiepolo">Giandomenico Tiepolo</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie,_Brescia" title="Santa Maria delle Grazie, Brescia">Basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie</a></b>: basilica church built between the 16th and 17th centuries with Baroque frescoes and stucco, and a work of Il Moretto.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/San_Giuseppe,_Brescia" title="San Giuseppe, Brescia">San Giuseppe</a></b>: 16th-century church houses frescoes and decoration including fourteen <i>Stations of the Cross of St. Joseph</i> (1713) by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Capello" title="Giovanni Antonio Capello">Giovanni Antonio Capello</a>. The church houses the tombs of <a href="/wiki/Gasparo_da_Sal%C3%B2" title="Gasparo da Salò">Gasparo da Salò</a>, one of the inventors of the modern violin and <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Marcello" title="Benedetto Marcello">Benedetto Marcello</a>, Baroque musician. Inside it, there is one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">organs</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/San_Clemente_(Brescia)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Clemente (Brescia)">San Clemente</a></b>: church with paintings by Bonvicino.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Torre_della_Pallata,_Brescia" class="mw-redirect" title="Torre della Pallata, Brescia">Torre della Pallata</a></b>: massive tower built in 1254 as part of the medieval walls. In the 15th century, the clock, merlons, and turret added. The fountain on the western side was designed in 1597 by Bagnadore.</li> <li><b>San Giovanni</b>: church with a refectory painted jointly by il Moretto and il Romanino.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/San_Marco_Evangelista,_Brescia" title="San Marco Evangelista, Brescia">San Marco Evangelista</a></b>: a small 13th-century Romanesque-style church.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/San_Mattia_alle_Grazie" title="San Mattia alle Grazie">San Mattia alle Grazie</a></b>: a suppressed 13th-century former church.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monumental_cemetery_of_Brescia" class="mw-redirect" title="Monumental cemetery of Brescia">Monumental Cemetery</a></b>: also known as <i>Vantiniano</i>, is the largest cemetery in Brescia, designed around 1813 by <a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Vantini" title="Rodolfo Vantini">Rodolfo Vantini</a>. It is the first monumental cemetery built in Italy<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at its centre stands the <i>Lighthouse of Brescia</i> (60 meters tall) which has inspired the architect <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Strack" title="Heinrich Strack">Heinrich Strack</a> for the design of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Victory_Column" title="Berlin Victory Column">Berlin Victory Column</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Grande" title="Teatro Grande">Teatro Grande</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">opera house</a> renovated several times between the mid-17th and mid-19th century. The name <i>Grande</i> ("Big") is derived from the former name <i>Il Grande</i> ("The Great") in honour of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>. The horseshoe-shaped auditorium is richly decorated and has five galleries. Since 1912, the theatre is a <a href="/wiki/National_monument" title="National monument">national monument</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Biblioteca Queriniana</b>, containing rare early manuscripts, including the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Brixianus" title="Codex Brixianus">Codex Brixianus</a>, a 14th-century manuscript of <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>, and some rare <a href="/wiki/Incunabula" class="mw-redirect" title="Incunabula">incunabula</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brescia_Due" title="Brescia Due">Brescia Due</a>: a <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">business district</a> located in the southern part of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace,_Brescia" title="Crystal Palace, Brescia">Crystal Palace</a>: as a part of Brescia Due, is the tallest habitable structure of the city with a height of 110 m (360 ft),<sup id="cite_ref-:0_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was built by the architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Fedrigolli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Fedrigolli (page does not exist)">Bruno Fedrigolli</a> between 1988 and 1992 and according to the first project this skyscraper would have been the tallest one in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The city has no fewer than seventy-two public fountains. The stone quarries of <a href="/wiki/Botticino" title="Botticino">Botticino</a>, 8 km (5 mi) east of Brescia, supplied marble for the <a href="/wiki/Monument_to_Vittorio_Emanuele_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Monument to Vittorio Emanuele II">Monument to Vittorio Emanuele II</a> in Rome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Museums" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raffaello_Angelo_1_(frammento_pala_Baronci).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Raffaello_Angelo_1_%28frammento_pala_Baronci%29.jpg/220px-Raffaello_Angelo_1_%28frammento_pala_Baronci%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="993"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Raffaello_Angelo_1_%28frammento_pala_Baronci%29.jpg/220px-Raffaello_Angelo_1_%28frammento_pala_Baronci%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Raffaello_Angelo_1_%28frammento_pala_Baronci%29.jpg/330px-Raffaello_Angelo_1_%28frammento_pala_Baronci%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Raffaello_Angelo_1_%28frammento_pala_Baronci%29.jpg/440px-Raffaello_Angelo_1_%28frammento_pala_Baronci%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo: <i>Angel</i> by <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The most important museums of Brescia are the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Santa_Giulia" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo di Santa Giulia">Museo di Santa Giulia</a> ("Santa Giulia Museum"): it is the city Museum, situated in the monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia, which has a rich Roman section. One of the masterpieces is the bronze statue of a winged Victory, originally probably a Venus, converted in antiquity into the Victory by adding the wings; it is said to be in the act of writing the winner's name on her shield (now lost). Also very interesting, one of the very few places in the world where the remains of two Roman domus can be visited on their original site simply by strolling into one of the museum halls.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinacoteca_Tosio_Martinengo" title="Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo">Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo</a>, the municipal art gallery; it hosts works of the painters of the Renaissance Brescian school, <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Romanino" class="mw-redirect" title="Girolamo Romanino">Girolamo Romanino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Bonvicino" class="mw-redirect" title="Alessandro Bonvicino">Alessandro Bonvicino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Moroni" title="Giovanni Battista Moroni">Giovanni Battista Moroni</a>. After an extensive remodeling the museum reopened in 2018 with a refreshed interior showcasing the art hung on contemporary fabric covered walls.</li> <li>Museo della Mille Miglia ("Mille Miglia Museum"). Situated inside the former Monastery of S. Eufemia, the museum celebrates the history of the 1,600-kilometre (1,000 mi) car race from Brescia to Rome and back that began in 1927. It shows films, memorabilia, dresses, posters, and a number of classic cars that are periodically replaced by other in case of participation in events.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Museo Diocesano di Brescia (<a href="/wiki/Diocesan_museum_of_Brescia,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocesan museum of Brescia, Italy">"Diocesan Museum of Brescia"</a>). It is located in the former Monastery of St. Joseph and houses a permanent collection of sacred artworks, including paintings, <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated manuscripts</a>, as well as one of the most extensive collections of <a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">vestments</a> in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Museo Nazionale della fotografia ("National Museum of Photography"). It hosts a collection of photographic and cinematographic machines, along with various camera accessories and a photo library with about 60,000 photographs.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Museo delle Armi "Luigi Marzoli" (""Luigi Marzoli" Arms Museum"). Located in the Castle, it is one of the most important European collections of old armour and weaponry. It hosts about 600 pieces of armour, weapons and firearms from the 15th to the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Museo degli strumenti musicali e della liuteria bresciana ("Museum of the Musical Instruments and Brescian lutherie"). It hosts string and wind instruments, as well as a rich collection of <a href="/wiki/Choirbook" title="Choirbook">choirbooks</a> and musical scores.</li> <li>Collezione Paolo VI – arte contemporanea ("Paul VI Collection – Contemporary Art"). It is located in <a href="/wiki/Concesio" title="Concesio">Concesio</a>, on the northern outskirts of Brescia, and hosts the contemporary art collection of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a>, composed of about 7,000 works of many famous artists, including <a href="/wiki/Matisse" class="mw-redirect" title="Matisse">Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chagall" class="mw-redirect" title="Chagall">Chagall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picasso" class="mw-redirect" title="Picasso">Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dal%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalí">Dalí</a> and others. It was opened on 8 November 2009, inaugurated by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Besides these, there are other museums in Brescia: </p> <ul><li>Museo del Risorgimento ("Risorgimento Museum")</li> <li>Ma.Co.f. – Centro della fotografia italiana ("Centre of Italian photography")</li> <li>Museo del Ferro – Museo dell'Industria e del Lavoro ("Museum of Industry and Labour")</li> <li>The Beatles Museum</li> <li>Museo Ken Damy della Fotografia contemporanea</li> <li>AmbienteParco – Museo dell'Acqua ("Water Museum")</li> <li>Museo di Scienze Naturali ("Natural Science Museum")</li> <li>Museo Piamarta – Istituto Artigianeli</li> <li>Casa Museo Paolo VI di Concesio</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Parks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:1104px;max-width:1104px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:404px;max-width:404px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parco_delle_Cave_cava_Case_San_Polo_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Parco_delle_Cave_cava_Case_San_Polo_Brescia.jpg/402px-Parco_delle_Cave_cava_Case_San_Polo_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="402" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="11412" data-file-height="4901"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 402px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Parco_delle_Cave_cava_Case_San_Polo_Brescia.jpg/402px-Parco_delle_Cave_cava_Case_San_Polo_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="402" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Parco_delle_Cave_cava_Case_San_Polo_Brescia.jpg/603px-Parco_delle_Cave_cava_Case_San_Polo_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Parco_delle_Cave_cava_Case_San_Polo_Brescia.jpg/804px-Parco_delle_Cave_cava_Case_San_Polo_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_Circondariale_Nerio_Fischione_e_Parco_Mazzolari_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Casa_Circondariale_Nerio_Fischione_e_Parco_Mazzolari_Brescia.jpg/390px-Casa_Circondariale_Nerio_Fischione_e_Parco_Mazzolari_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="390" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="13939" data-file-height="6186"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 390px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Casa_Circondariale_Nerio_Fischione_e_Parco_Mazzolari_Brescia.jpg/390px-Casa_Circondariale_Nerio_Fischione_e_Parco_Mazzolari_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="390" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Casa_Circondariale_Nerio_Fischione_e_Parco_Mazzolari_Brescia.jpg/585px-Casa_Circondariale_Nerio_Fischione_e_Parco_Mazzolari_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Casa_Circondariale_Nerio_Fischione_e_Parco_Mazzolari_Brescia.jpg/780px-Casa_Circondariale_Nerio_Fischione_e_Parco_Mazzolari_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Snow_(48426354).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Snow_%2848426354%29.jpeg/300px-Snow_%2848426354%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1179"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Snow_%2848426354%29.jpeg/300px-Snow_%2848426354%29.jpeg" data-alt="" data-width="300" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Snow_%2848426354%29.jpeg/450px-Snow_%2848426354%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Snow_%2848426354%29.jpeg/600px-Snow_%2848426354%29.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><b>From left to right</b>: <i>Parco delle Cave</i>, <i>Parco Mazzolari</i> and <i>Parco Ducos</i> in winter</div></div></div></div> <p>Due to its location in the foothills of the Alps, Brescia has forests close to the city centre. About 80% of its municipal territory is covered by woodlands and farmlands: total amount of public green space is 26.3 square kilometres (10.2 sq mi), or 134 square metres (1,440 sq ft) per inhabitant, while agricultural zones cover an area of 45.6 square kilometres (17.6 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-park_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest park of Brescia is <i>Parco delle Colline di Brescia</i> ("Brescia Hills Park") that has a total surface of 43.09 square kilometres (16.64 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which 21.83 square kilometres (8.43 sq mi) fall within the city limits.<sup id="cite_ref-park_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-park-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The park was established in 2000 with the purpose of preserving, safeguarding, and enhancing the natural heritage of the hills surrounding Brescia. Woods cover about 70% of the surface of the park; the rest consists of meadows, vineyard and olive plantations. The most common plants in the park are <a href="/wiki/Ostrya_carpinifolia" title="Ostrya carpinifolia">hop-hornbeam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Downy_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Downy oak">downy oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweet_chestnut" title="Sweet chestnut">sweet chestnut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manna_ash" class="mw-redirect" title="Manna ash">manna ash</a>, but there is also the presence of Mediterranean species such as <a href="/wiki/Pistacia_terebinthus" title="Pistacia terebinthus">terebinth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tree_heath" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree heath">tree heath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay laurel">bay laurel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quercus_ilex" title="Quercus ilex">holm oak</a>. The fauna of the park includes foxes, <a href="/wiki/European_badger" title="European badger">European badgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boars</a> and other mammals, while the most common birds are <a href="/wiki/European_robin" title="European robin">robins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_blackbird" title="Common blackbird">blackbirds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackcap" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackcap">blackcaps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_wren" title="Eurasian wren">wrens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018 another public park known as <i>Parco delle Cave</i> was opened on the site of former sand quarries in the south of the city. After the full opening at the end of 2021, now the park covers an area of 2 km<sup>2</sup> (490 acres). </p><p>Other parks are scattered throughout the city, such as <i>Parco del Castello</i> ("Castle Park"), <i>Parco Tarello</i>, <i>Parco Mazzolari</i>, <i>Parco Ducos</i> and <i>Campo di Marte</i>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Chiara_-_Facolt%C3%A0_di_Economia_-_Brescia_(Foto_Luca_Giarelli).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Santa_Chiara_-_Facolt%C3%A0_di_Economia_-_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg/220px-Santa_Chiara_-_Facolt%C3%A0_di_Economia_-_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Santa_Chiara_-_Facolt%C3%A0_di_Economia_-_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg/220px-Santa_Chiara_-_Facolt%C3%A0_di_Economia_-_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Santa_Chiara_-_Facolt%C3%A0_di_Economia_-_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg/330px-Santa_Chiara_-_Facolt%C3%A0_di_Economia_-_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Santa_Chiara_-_Facolt%C3%A0_di_Economia_-_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg/440px-Santa_Chiara_-_Facolt%C3%A0_di_Economia_-_Brescia_%28Foto_Luca_Giarelli%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>University of Brescia, Economics faculty</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Facciata_del_Liceo_Arnaldo_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Facciata_del_Liceo_Arnaldo_Brescia.jpg/220px-Facciata_del_Liceo_Arnaldo_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10500" data-file-height="10879"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 228px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Facciata_del_Liceo_Arnaldo_Brescia.jpg/220px-Facciata_del_Liceo_Arnaldo_Brescia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="228" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Facciata_del_Liceo_Arnaldo_Brescia.jpg/330px-Facciata_del_Liceo_Arnaldo_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Facciata_del_Liceo_Arnaldo_Brescia.jpg/440px-Facciata_del_Liceo_Arnaldo_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liceo_classico" title="Liceo classico">Classic lyceum</a> "<a href="/wiki/Arnold_of_Brescia" title="Arnold of Brescia">Arnaldo</a>", established in 1797, is one of the oldest and most prominent high schools in Brescia.</figcaption></figure> <p>As 2019, in Brescia there are 51 primary schools, of which 42 public and 9 private. There are also 29 <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_Italy" title="Secondary education in Italy">lower secondary schools</a>, of which 21 public and 8 private.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Referring to <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_Italy" title="Secondary education in Italy">upper secondary schools</a>, in Brescia there are 53 schools, of which 20 are private and 33 are public. Among them there are 3 <a href="/wiki/Liceo_classico" title="Liceo classico">classic lyceums</a> and 13 <a href="/wiki/Liceo_scientifico" title="Liceo scientifico">scientific lyceums</a>. </p><p>Brescia has two universities: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Brescia" title="University of Brescia">University of Brescia</a> is a public university founded in 1982 and ranked among the Top 700 universities worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is divided into 4 faculties: Economics, Engineering, Law, Medicine and Surgery.</li> <li>Catholic University of Brescia, founded in 1968, is a satellite campus of the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Cattolica_del_Sacro_Cuore" title="Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore">Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore</a>. It is divided into 6 faculties: Literature and Philosophy; Psychology; Education; Language Sciences and Foreign Literature; Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences; Political and Social Sciences.</li></ul> <p>Brescia is also home of two academies of fine art (<i><a href="/wiki/Libera_Accademia_di_Belle_Arti" title="Libera Accademia di Belle Arti">Libera Accademia di Belle Arti</a></i> (LABA) and <i>Accademia di Belle Arti SantaGiulia</i>) and a conservatory of music (<i>Conservatorio Luca Marenzio</i>). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Healthcare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>Brescia is an important medical centre. The main hospital of the city is <i>Spedali Civili di Brescia</i>, which has 2,180 beds and an employed staff of 6,175.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was founded in 1427 and is considered the second best hospital in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other hospitals are located in the city: <i>Fondazione Poliambulanza</i>, <i>Casa di Cura S. Camillo</i>, <i>Istituto Clinico S. Anna</i> and <i>Istituto Clinico Città di Brescia</i>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>The city is at the centre of the third largest Italian industrial area.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local <a href="/wiki/Confindustria" class="mw-redirect" title="Confindustria">Confindustria</a>, the AIB – Associazione Industriale Bresciana (Industrial Association of Brescia), was the first industry association founded in Italy in 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Brescian companies are typically a small or medium-sized, often family-run, ranging from the food to the engineering industry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Agriculture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigneto_Pusterla_Ronco_Capretti_e_Ronchi_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Vigneto_Pusterla_Ronco_Capretti_e_Ronchi_Brescia.jpg/220px-Vigneto_Pusterla_Ronco_Capretti_e_Ronchi_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12500" data-file-height="9528"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 168px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Vigneto_Pusterla_Ronco_Capretti_e_Ronchi_Brescia.jpg/220px-Vigneto_Pusterla_Ronco_Capretti_e_Ronchi_Brescia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Vigneto_Pusterla_Ronco_Capretti_e_Ronchi_Brescia.jpg/330px-Vigneto_Pusterla_Ronco_Capretti_e_Ronchi_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Vigneto_Pusterla_Ronco_Capretti_e_Ronchi_Brescia.jpg/440px-Vigneto_Pusterla_Ronco_Capretti_e_Ronchi_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Vineyards in the middle of the city with an extension of 4 ha (9.9 acres)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a> is the most important agricultural sector of the Brescian <a href="/wiki/Food_system" title="Food system">food system</a>. The municipality of Brescia is part of the production areas of five different wines: a <a href="/wiki/DOCG" class="mw-redirect" title="DOCG">DOCG</a> wine, i.e. the <i><a href="/wiki/Franciacorta_DOCG" title="Franciacorta DOCG">Franciacorta</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> three <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">DOC</a> wines (<i>Botticino</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Cellatica</i><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Curtefranca</i><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and an <a href="/wiki/Indicazione_geografica_tipica" title="Indicazione geografica tipica">IGT</a> wine (<i>Ronchi di Brescia</i><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In addition, in its old town, along the northern slope of the Cidneo Hill, there is the largest urban <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyard</a> in Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> characterized by the cultivation of <i>Invernenga</i>, a local white grape variety present in Brescia since Roman times.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another very important sector is the production of <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>, especially in the nearby area of Lake Garda. The European Union has recorded as <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indications_and_traditional_specialities_in_the_European_Union" title="Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union">PDO</a> two typologies of extra virgin olive oils and they are <i>Garda</i> and <i>Laghi lombardi</i>. </p><p>Brescia is also the homeland of Italian <a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">caviar</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Calvisano" title="Calvisano">Calvisano</a>, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the city centre, is located the world's largest sturgeons farm<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that produces annually 25 tonnes (25 long tons; 28 short tons) of caviar exported all over the world.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry_and_services">Industry and services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Industry and services" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rascacielos_Crystal_Palace_Brescia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rascacielos_Crystal_Palace_Brescia.JPG/220px-Rascacielos_Crystal_Palace_Brescia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="975"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rascacielos_Crystal_Palace_Brescia.JPG/220px-Rascacielos_Crystal_Palace_Brescia.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rascacielos_Crystal_Palace_Brescia.JPG/330px-Rascacielos_Crystal_Palace_Brescia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Rascacielos_Crystal_Palace_Brescia.JPG/440px-Rascacielos_Crystal_Palace_Brescia.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brescia_Due" title="Brescia Due">The business district of Brescia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The main industrial activities of Brescia are those mechanical, specialized in the production and distribution of machine tools. Also important is the production of <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">motor vehicle</a>, represented by the <a href="/wiki/Officine_Meccaniche" title="Officine Meccaniche">OM</a>, which is the manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Iveco" title="Iveco">Iveco</a> trucks, and the production of <a href="/wiki/Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons">weapons</a>, among which the Fausti, <a href="/wiki/Beretta" title="Beretta">Beretta</a>, Fabarm and <a href="/wiki/Perazzi" title="Perazzi">Perazzi</a>. Very important is the metallurgical industry. On the outskirts of town, there are two steel mills: the "Alfa Acciai" and "Ori Martin". Other crucial industrial activities are the production of <a href="/wiki/Cutlery" title="Cutlery">cutlery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faucets" class="mw-redirect" title="Faucets">faucets</a>, along with the textile, footwear and clothing, as well as the production of <a href="/wiki/Building_materials" class="mw-redirect" title="Building materials">building materials</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bricks" class="mw-redirect" title="Bricks">bricks</a>. The intense industrial development has resulted in a high level of pollution in the outskirts of the city located near the disused chemical factory "Caffaro" that produced PCB. For this reason, this part of the city is in the list of SIN – Siti di Interesse Nazionale (Sites of National Interest). According to a study carried out by the Edison Foundation and <a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Italian_Industry" title="General Confederation of Italian Industry">Confindustria</a> in 2015, Brescia is the province with the highest value added by industry in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brescia hosts the headquarters of several industry groups, including the <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_Lucchini" title="Gruppo Lucchini">Lucchini</a> Group, the Feralpi and the Camozzi Group. Brescia is also home to the <a href="/wiki/A2A" title="A2A">A2A</a> Group (the result of the merger of ASM Brescia, AEM Milano and AMSA). </p><p>The financial sector is also a major employer, with the presence of several branches of banks and financial assets. The <a href="/wiki/UBI_Banca" title="UBI Banca">UBI Banca</a> Group, fourth largest banking group in Italy, has several division headquarters in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Tourism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Contrada_Pozzo_dell%27Olmo_bRESCIA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Contrada_Pozzo_dell%27Olmo_bRESCIA.jpg/170px-Contrada_Pozzo_dell%27Olmo_bRESCIA.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6200" data-file-height="8272"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Contrada_Pozzo_dell%27Olmo_bRESCIA.jpg/170px-Contrada_Pozzo_dell%27Olmo_bRESCIA.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Contrada_Pozzo_dell%27Olmo_bRESCIA.jpg/255px-Contrada_Pozzo_dell%27Olmo_bRESCIA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Contrada_Pozzo_dell%27Olmo_bRESCIA.jpg/340px-Contrada_Pozzo_dell%27Olmo_bRESCIA.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A street in the old town</figcaption></figure> <p>The significant historical and artistic heritage of Brescia (since 2011 in the UNESCO World Heritage list) and the natural beauties of its surrounding area (like the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Garda" title="Lake Garda">Lake Garda</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Val_Camonica" title="Val Camonica">Val Camonica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Iseo" title="Lake Iseo">Lake Iseo</a>) have allowed the city to attract an increasing number of visitors. In 10 years, the number of tourists who visited Brescia has almost doubled from 142,556 in 2003<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to over 280,000 in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, Brescia is close to important tourist destinations (<a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> can be directly reached in 45 minutes by train, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> in about 2 hours) and is one of the cheapest cities in Italy in terms of hotel stays.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For these reasons, tourists often use Brescia as a base to explore the surrounding places. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <p>Brescia Mobilità (BM) is the statutory corporation responsible for the transport network in Brescia; it operates one metro line (Brescia Metro) and 19 urban bus lines. Besides public transport, BM manages the interchange parking lots and other transportation services including <a href="/wiki/Bike_sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike sharing">bike sharing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carsharing" title="Carsharing">carsharing</a> systems. </p><p>Since 2004 in the city center of Brescia is active a traffic restricted zone or ZTL (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Zona a Traffico Limitato</i>). The objective of the ZTL, together with a program of pedestrianizations of the main squares and streets of the historical center, is to drastically reduce the chronic traffic jams that take place in the city of Brescia, promoting <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_mobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable mobility">sustainable mobility</a> and public transport, and decreasing the existing levels of smog that have become unsustainable from the point of view of public health. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brescia_Metro">Brescia Metro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Brescia Metro" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolitana_di_Brescia_-_Fermata_Vittoria_-_banchina.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Metropolitana_di_Brescia_-_Fermata_Vittoria_-_banchina.JPG/200px-Metropolitana_di_Brescia_-_Fermata_Vittoria_-_banchina.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 267px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Metropolitana_di_Brescia_-_Fermata_Vittoria_-_banchina.JPG/200px-Metropolitana_di_Brescia_-_Fermata_Vittoria_-_banchina.JPG" data-width="200" data-height="267" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Metropolitana_di_Brescia_-_Fermata_Vittoria_-_banchina.JPG/300px-Metropolitana_di_Brescia_-_Fermata_Vittoria_-_banchina.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Metropolitana_di_Brescia_-_Fermata_Vittoria_-_banchina.JPG/400px-Metropolitana_di_Brescia_-_Fermata_Vittoria_-_banchina.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A station of <a href="/wiki/Brescia_Metro" title="Brescia Metro">Brescia Metro</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Brescia_Metro" title="Brescia Metro">Brescia Metro</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> network that opened on 2 March 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-cityrailways.it_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityrailways.it-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The network comprises one line, 13.7 kilometres (9 mi) long,<sup id="cite_ref-mappe_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mappe-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 17 stations<sup id="cite_ref-mappe_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mappe-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between <i>Buffalora</i> and <i>Prealpino</i>, of which 13 are underground. </p><p>The first projects for a metro in Brescia date back to the 1980s, with the introduction of the first fully automatic light metro systems in other mid-size cities in Europe. Two feasibility studies were commissioned in 1987. The automatic light metro system was chosen as the best technology for the city. The first public tender was announced in 1989. But this project was then cancelled in 1996. </p><p>In 1994, the first application for public financing was issued. The public financing form the central government arrived in 1995, while other funds arrived in 2002 from the <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Region</a>. The international public bid for the first phase of the project was announced in 2000. The winning proposal was from a group of companies comprising <a href="/wiki/Ansaldo_STS" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansaldo STS">Ansaldo STS</a>, <a href="/wiki/AnsaldoBreda" class="mw-redirect" title="AnsaldoBreda">AnsaldoBreda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astaldi" title="Astaldi">Astaldi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acciona" title="Acciona">Acciona</a>, with a system similar to that of the Copenhagen metro. </p><p>A €575 million contract was awarded to a consortium led by <a href="/wiki/Ansaldo_STS" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansaldo STS">Ansaldo STS</a> in April 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-rgi200804_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rgi200804-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work started in January 2004, but archaeological finds caused delays and required station redesigns.<sup id="cite_ref-cityrailways.it_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityrailways.it-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-opening_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opening-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planned_tram_network">Planned tram network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Planned tram network" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mappa_tram_Brescia_1914.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mappa_tram_Brescia_1914.svg/220px-Mappa_tram_Brescia_1914.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="809"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mappa_tram_Brescia_1914.svg/220px-Mappa_tram_Brescia_1914.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mappa_tram_Brescia_1914.svg/330px-Mappa_tram_Brescia_1914.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mappa_tram_Brescia_1914.svg/440px-Mappa_tram_Brescia_1914.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Brescia's former tram network (1882–1949)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Progetto_rete_tranviaria_di_Brescia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Progetto_rete_tranviaria_di_Brescia.svg/220px-Progetto_rete_tranviaria_di_Brescia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="886"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Progetto_rete_tranviaria_di_Brescia.svg/220px-Progetto_rete_tranviaria_di_Brescia.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Progetto_rete_tranviaria_di_Brescia.svg/330px-Progetto_rete_tranviaria_di_Brescia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Progetto_rete_tranviaria_di_Brescia.svg/440px-Progetto_rete_tranviaria_di_Brescia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The project of the new tramway network</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is due to reintroduce trams after dismantling its former network in the 1940s. Two light rail lines are due to open in 2027.<sup id="cite_ref-:x1_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:x1-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brescia's historic seven-line tram network opened in 1882 and closed in 1949, when the city's transport focus moved onto road-based transport. In 2018, transport authority Brescia Mobilità and Italian state railway <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane" title="Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane">Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane</a> signed an agreement for the construction of two tram lines in Brescia.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One line would run from Pendolina in the northwest to the new Pala Eib sports centre in the southwest, mostly following the line of current bus route 2. The second route would connect Via Vallecamonica in the west and Viale Bornata in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Rail" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stazione_ferroviaria_di_Brescia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Stazione_ferroviaria_di_Brescia.JPG/250px-Stazione_ferroviaria_di_Brescia.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="15991" data-file-height="8237"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 129px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Stazione_ferroviaria_di_Brescia.JPG/250px-Stazione_ferroviaria_di_Brescia.JPG" data-width="250" data-height="129" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Stazione_ferroviaria_di_Brescia.JPG/375px-Stazione_ferroviaria_di_Brescia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Stazione_ferroviaria_di_Brescia.JPG/500px-Stazione_ferroviaria_di_Brescia.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The train station of Brescia</figcaption></figure> <p>Brescia has three railway stations. The <a href="/wiki/Brescia_railway_station" title="Brescia railway station">main station</a>, which opened in 1854, is located on the <a href="/wiki/Milan-Venice_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan-Venice railway">Milan-Venice railway</a> and is the starting point for the <a href="/wiki/Brescia%E2%80%93Iseo%E2%80%93Edolo_railway" title="Brescia–Iseo–Edolo railway">Brescia-Iseo-Edolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brescia%E2%80%93Cremona_railway" title="Brescia–Cremona railway">Brescia-Cremona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brescia%E2%80%93Parma_railway" title="Brescia–Parma railway">Brescia-Parma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bergamo%E2%80%93Brescia_railway" title="Bergamo–Brescia railway">Bergamo–Brescia</a> rail lines. The station has 15 platforms and is used by about 20 million passengers per year. Other railway stations are <i>Borgo San Giovanni</i> (a lesser station that is located on the Brescia-Iseo-Edolo railway) and <i>Brescia Scalo</i>, with no passenger service and used as a freight station. </p><p>From Brescia, <a href="/wiki/High_speed_trains" class="mw-redirect" title="High speed trains">high speed trains</a> connect to <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Rome, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>; one can reach Milan in 35 min, Venice in 1h and 35 min, Florence in 2 hours and 15 min and Rome in 3 hours and 35 min. In addition there are international day trains to Zurich, and overnight sleeper services to Paris and Dijon (Thello), Munich and Vienna (ÖBB). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Roads" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Brescia is connected with the rest of northern Italy by three motorways: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A4_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A4 (Italy)">A4</a>, that is the main axis connecting the city with the east and the west of the country, to cities such as Milan, Turin, Venice and Trieste;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A21_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A21 (Italy)">A21</a>, which connects Brescia to Turin with a more southern route than A4;</li> <li>A35, which connects Brescia to Milan and the Linate Airport with a faster route than A4.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Airports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Brescia is served by the following airports: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brescia_Airport" title="Brescia Airport">Brescia Airport</a>, located 15 km (9 mi) southeast of the city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamo_Orio_al_Serio_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergamo Orio al Serio Airport">Bergamo Orio al Serio Airport</a>, located 50 km (31 mi) northwest of Brescia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verona_Villafranca_Airport" title="Verona Villafranca Airport">Verona Villafranca Airport</a>, located 60 km (37 mi) southeast of Brescia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Linate_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan Linate Airport">Milan Linate Airport</a>, located 85 km (53 mi) west of Brescia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpensa_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Malpensa Airport">Malpensa Airport</a>, located 135 km (84 mi) northwest of Brescia</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Pollution">Pollution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Pollution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <p>Brescia is at the top of the ranking of European cities with the highest preventable mortality burdens for PM2.5 pollution in a new study published in January 2021 by The Lancet Planetary Health,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which estimates the death rate associated with fine <a href="/wiki/Particulates" title="Particulates">particulate matter</a> (PM2.5) and <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">nitrogen dioxide</a> (NO<sub>2</sub>) pollution in 1000 European cities. </p><p>Legambiente based on the number of days the legal air-quality limits were breached in 2018. The report said Brescia failed to respect the legal limits for 150 days last year, 103 for ozone and 47 for Pm10 particles.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mille_Miglia_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mille_Miglia_Museum.jpg/220px-Mille_Miglia_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mille_Miglia_Museum.jpg/220px-Mille_Miglia_Museum.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mille_Miglia_Museum.jpg/330px-Mille_Miglia_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Mille_Miglia_Museum.jpg/440px-Mille_Miglia_Museum.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Mille Miglia Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>Brescia was the starting and end point of the historical car race <a href="/wiki/Mille_Miglia" title="Mille Miglia">Mille Miglia</a> that took place annually in May until 1957 on a Brescia-Rome-Brescia itinerary, and also the now defunct <a href="/wiki/Coppa_Florio" title="Coppa Florio">Coppa Florio</a>, one of the first ever sport motor races. The Mille Miglia tradition is now kept alive by the "Historic Mille Miglia",<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a world-class event that gathers in Brescia every year thousands of fans of motor sports and of vintage sports cars. The only cars admitted to the race are the ones that could have competed in (although they do not necessarily have to have taken part in) the original Mille Miglia. The race nowadays is not however a speed race anymore, but rather a "regularity" race; speed races have actually been banned on regular <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">roads in Italy</a> because of the deadly accident that killed a driver and ten bystanders in the last minutes of the 1957 Mille Miglia – that therefore became the last of the original races.<br>In recent years, many celebrities have participated in the Mille Miglia, including <a href="/wiki/Rowan_Atkinson" title="Rowan Atkinson">Rowan Atkinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Day Lewis">Daniel Day Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Leno" title="Jay Leno">Jay Leno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnson" title="Brian Johnson">Brian Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Gleave" class="mw-redirect" title="Elliot Gleave">Elliot Gleave</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Gandy" title="David Gandy">David Gandy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jodie_Kidd" title="Jodie Kidd">Jodie Kidd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yasmin_Le_Bon" title="Yasmin Le Bon">Yasmin Le Bon</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brescia is also the home of the <a href="/wiki/Brescia_Calcio" title="Brescia Calcio">Brescia Calcio</a> football club and the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_Leonessa_1928" title="Rugby Leonessa 1928">Rugby Leonessa 1928</a>. </p><p>Since 1984, the Schermabrescia fencing club is active. Brescia born foil-fencer <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Cassar%C3%A0" title="Andrea Cassarà">Andrea Cassarà</a> won the gold medal at the <a href="/wiki/2011_World_Fencing_Championships" title="2011 World Fencing Championships">2011 World Fencing Championships</a>. </p><p>Brescia is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Basket_Brescia_Leonessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Basket Brescia Leonessa">Basket Brescia Leonessa</a> basketball club. Leonessa has its home arena in the new <a href="/wiki/PalaLeonessa" title="PalaLeonessa">PalaLeonessa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inaugurated in 2018, with a capacity of 5,200.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: People" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monumento_a_garibaldi5_brescia_by_stefano_Bolognini.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Monumento_a_garibaldi5_brescia_by_stefano_Bolognini.JPG/250px-Monumento_a_garibaldi5_brescia_by_stefano_Bolognini.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 333px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Monumento_a_garibaldi5_brescia_by_stefano_Bolognini.JPG/250px-Monumento_a_garibaldi5_brescia_by_stefano_Bolognini.JPG" data-width="250" data-height="333" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Monumento_a_garibaldi5_brescia_by_stefano_Bolognini.JPG/375px-Monumento_a_garibaldi5_brescia_by_stefano_Bolognini.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Monumento_a_garibaldi5_brescia_by_stefano_Bolognini.JPG/500px-Monumento_a_garibaldi5_brescia_by_stefano_Bolognini.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The monument representing a lion, the sign on the coat of arms of the city. The monument is also commonly considered a dedication to the "Lioness of Italy", nickname given to the city after the resistance the people of Brescia put in place during the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Days_of_Brescia" title="Ten Days of Brescia">Ten Days of Brescia</a> in 1849 against the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrians</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monumento_alla_Bella_Italia_torre_bruciata_Piazza_Loggia_a_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Monumento_alla_Bella_Italia_torre_bruciata_Piazza_Loggia_a_Brescia.jpg/250px-Monumento_alla_Bella_Italia_torre_bruciata_Piazza_Loggia_a_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="9971" data-file-height="12121"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 304px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Monumento_alla_Bella_Italia_torre_bruciata_Piazza_Loggia_a_Brescia.jpg/250px-Monumento_alla_Bella_Italia_torre_bruciata_Piazza_Loggia_a_Brescia.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="304" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Monumento_alla_Bella_Italia_torre_bruciata_Piazza_Loggia_a_Brescia.jpg/375px-Monumento_alla_Bella_Italia_torre_bruciata_Piazza_Loggia_a_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Monumento_alla_Bella_Italia_torre_bruciata_Piazza_Loggia_a_Brescia.jpg/500px-Monumento_alla_Bella_Italia_torre_bruciata_Piazza_Loggia_a_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Monument to <i>La Bella Italia</i>, erected in 1864 in the memory of the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Days_of_Brescia" title="Ten Days of Brescia">Ten Days of Brescia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monumento_Arnaldo_da_Brescia_Piazzale_Arnaldo_Brescia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Monumento_Arnaldo_da_Brescia_Piazzale_Arnaldo_Brescia.JPG/250px-Monumento_Arnaldo_da_Brescia_Piazzale_Arnaldo_Brescia.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="309" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5863" data-file-height="7244"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 309px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Monumento_Arnaldo_da_Brescia_Piazzale_Arnaldo_Brescia.JPG/250px-Monumento_Arnaldo_da_Brescia_Piazzale_Arnaldo_Brescia.JPG" data-width="250" data-height="309" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Monumento_Arnaldo_da_Brescia_Piazzale_Arnaldo_Brescia.JPG/375px-Monumento_Arnaldo_da_Brescia_Piazzale_Arnaldo_Brescia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Monumento_Arnaldo_da_Brescia_Piazzale_Arnaldo_Brescia.JPG/500px-Monumento_Arnaldo_da_Brescia_Piazzale_Arnaldo_Brescia.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Monument to <a href="/wiki/Arnold_of_Brescia" title="Arnold of Brescia">Arnaldo</a> in the homonymous square, erected in 1882</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monumento_a_Garibaldi_Giuseppe_Maccagnani_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Monumento_a_Garibaldi_Giuseppe_Maccagnani_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg/250px-Monumento_a_Garibaldi_Giuseppe_Maccagnani_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="318" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6632" data-file-height="8423"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 318px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Monumento_a_Garibaldi_Giuseppe_Maccagnani_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg/250px-Monumento_a_Garibaldi_Giuseppe_Maccagnani_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="318" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Monumento_a_Garibaldi_Giuseppe_Maccagnani_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg/375px-Monumento_a_Garibaldi_Giuseppe_Maccagnani_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Monumento_a_Garibaldi_Giuseppe_Maccagnani_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg/500px-Monumento_a_Garibaldi_Giuseppe_Maccagnani_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Monument to <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>, erected in 1889</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Nonius_Macrinus" title="Marcus Nonius Macrinus">Marcus Nonius Macrinus</a> (fl.152–71), Roman general and consul to Emperor <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothari" title="Rothari">Rothari</a> or Rotari (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 602</span>–652), King of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodoald" title="Rodoald">Rodoald</a> or Rodoaldo (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 637</span>–653), King of the Lombards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius">Desiderius</a> (before 756–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 786</span>), King of the Lombards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> (825–875), Frankish emperor and King of Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_of_Brescia" title="Arnold of Brescia">Arnold of Brescia</a> (1090–1155), dissident monk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertanus_of_Brescia" title="Albertanus of Brescia">Albertanus of Brescia</a> (1195–1251), Latin author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Capirola" title="Vincenzo Capirola">Vincenzo Capirola</a> (1474–after 1548), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Foppa" title="Vincenzo Foppa">Vincenzo Foppa</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1427</span>–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1515</span>), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Cereta" title="Laura Cereta">Laura Cereta</a> (1469–1499), humanist author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Angela_Merici" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Angela Merici">Saint Angela Merici</a> (1474–1540), founded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Ursulines" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Ursulines">Order of Ursulines</a> in Brescia in 1535</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Savoldo" class="mw-redirect" title="Girolamo Savoldo">Girolamo Savoldo</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1480/5</span>–after 1548), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronica_Gambara" title="Veronica Gambara">Veronica Gambara</a> (1485–1550), poet and stateswoman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Romani" class="mw-redirect" title="Girolamo Romani">Girolamo Romani</a>, also known as "Romanino" (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1485</span>–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1566</span>), painter</li> <li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolomeo_Beretta" class="extiw" title="it:Bartolomeo Beretta">Bartolomeo Beretta</a> (1490–1565), gunsmith and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Beretta" title="Beretta">Beretta</a> firearm company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Bonvicino" class="mw-redirect" title="Alessandro Bonvicino">Alessandro Bonvicino</a>/Buonvicino, commonly known as "Moretto/Il Morretto da Brescia" (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1498</span>–1554), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Fontana_Tartaglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia">Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia</a> (1499–1557), mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablos" title="Juan Pablos">Giovanni Paoli</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500</span>–1560/1), brought the printing press to the New World in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasparo_da_Sal%C3%B2" title="Gasparo da Salò">Gasparo da Salò</a>, (1540–1609), pioneer of violin making</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Paratico" title="Giuliano Paratico">Giuliano Paratico</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1550</span>–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1616</span>), musician & composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Marenzio" title="Luca Marenzio">Luca Marenzio</a>/Marentio (1553/4–1599), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Castelli" title="Benedetto Castelli">Benedetto Castelli</a> (1578–1643), mathematician and expert in <a href="/wiki/Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">hydraulics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Alenio" title="Giulio Alenio">Giulio Alenio</a> (1582–1649), Jesuit missionary called the "<a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> from the West"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Fontana_(composer)" title="Giovanni Battista Fontana (composer)">Giovanni Battista Fontana</a> (1589–1630), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biagio_Marini" title="Biagio Marini">Biagio Marini</a> (1594–1663), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Boldo" title="Dionisio Boldo">Dionisio Boldo</a> (fl.1604), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Lana_de_Terzi" title="Francesco Lana de Terzi">Francesco Lana de Terzi</a> (1631–1687), aeronautics and braille pioneer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Bacchiocco" title="Carlo Bacchiocco">Carlo Bacchiocco</a>, 17th-century painter with work in Brescia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Francesco_Alghisi" title="Paris Francesco Alghisi">Paris Francesco Alghisi</a> (1666–1733), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bassignani" title="Giovanni Bassignani">Giovanni Bassignani</a> (1669–1717), architect & engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Gnocchi" title="Pietro Gnocchi">Pietro Gnocchi</a> (1689–1775), eccentric polymath and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Crivelli" title="Gaetano Crivelli">Gaetano Crivelli</a> (1768–1836), opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Rossetti" title="Giacomo Rossetti">Giacomo Rossetti</a> (1807–1882), painter and photographer<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Crocifissa_di_Rosa" title="Maria Crocifissa di Rosa">Maria Crocifissa di Rosa</a> (1813–1855), who founded the <a href="/wiki/Handmaids_of_Charity" title="Handmaids of Charity">Handmaids of Charity</a> order of nuns in Brescia in 1840</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Crivelli" title="Enrico Crivelli">Enrico Crivelli</a> (1820–1870), opera singer and son of <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Crivelli" title="Gaetano Crivelli">Gaetano Crivelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanardelli" title="Giuseppe Zanardelli">Giuseppe Zanardelli</a> (1826–1903), jurist, politician, prime minister of the Kingdom of Italy (1901–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a> <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Piamarta" title="Giovanni Battista Piamarta">Giovanni Battista Piamarta</a> (1841–1913), priest and educator, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_the_Holy_Family_of_Nazareth" title="Congregation of the Holy Family of Nazareth">Congregation of the Holy Family of Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a>, (1843–1926), experimental pathologist, received Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906 for his studies of the structure of the nervous system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> (1897–1978), born nearby in <a href="/wiki/Concesio" title="Concesio">Concesio</a> as Giovanni Battista Montini</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymo_Maggi" title="Aymo Maggi">Aymo Maggi</a> (1903–1961), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Comotti" title="Franco Comotti">Franco Comotti</a> (1906–1963), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Achille_Cavellini" title="Guglielmo Achille Cavellini">Guglielmo Achille Cavellini</a> (1914–1990), art collector and artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Benedetti_Michelangeli" title="Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli">Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli</a> (1920–1995), pianist of the 20th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lento_Goffi" title="Lento Goffi">Lento Goffi</a> (1923-2008), poet, literary critic and journalist, died in Brescia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remo_Bertoni_(footballer)" title="Remo Bertoni (footballer)">Remo Bertoni</a> (1929–1993), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuele_Severino" title="Emanuele Severino">Emanuele Severino</a> (1929–2020), philosopher and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Agostini" title="Giacomo Agostini">Giacomo Agostini</a> (born 1942), Grand Prix motorcycle racer and World Champion 1964–1977</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Giannini" title="Carlo Giannini">Carlo Giannini</a> (1948–2004), econometrician and mathematical economist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Venturi" title="Maurizio Venturi">Maurizio Venturi</a> (born 1957), football player and manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Baresi" title="Giuseppe Baresi">Giuseppe Baresi</a> (born 1958), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Baresi" title="Franco Baresi">Franco Baresi</a> (born 1960), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Scariolo" title="Sergio Scariolo">Sergio Scariolo</a> (born 1961), basketball coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Langes" title="Claudio Langes">Claudio Langes</a> (born 1961), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Colao" title="Vittorio Colao">Vittorio Colao</a> (born 1961), businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Zampedri" title="Alessandro Zampedri">Alessandro Zampedri</a> (born 1969), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Frizza" title="Riccardo Frizza">Riccardo Frizza</a> (born 1971), conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Pescatori" title="Christian Pescatori">Christian Pescatori</a> (born 1971), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Belleri" title="Manuel Belleri">Manuel Belleri</a> (born 1977), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Cassetti" title="Marco Cassetti">Marco Cassetti</a> (born 1977), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Pirlo" title="Andrea Pirlo">Andrea Pirlo</a> (born 1979), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniele_Bonera" title="Daniele Bonera">Daniele Bonera</a> (born 1981), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Aura" title="L'Aura">L'Aura</a> (born 1984), singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Cassar%C3%A0" title="Andrea Cassarà">Andrea Cassarà</a> (born 1984), world champion fencer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nino_Bertasio" title="Nino Bertasio">Nino Bertasio</a> (born 1988), professional golfer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Colli" title="Federico Colli">Federico Colli</a> (born 1988), classical pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Ferrari" title="Vanessa Ferrari">Vanessa Ferrari</a> (born 1990), gymnast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VINAI" class="mw-redirect" title="VINAI">VINAI</a> (born 1990/1994), DJs and EDM producers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Cerqui" title="Alberto Cerqui">Alberto Cerqui</a> (born 1992), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcell_Jacobs" title="Marcell Jacobs">Marcell Jacobs</a> (born 1994), athlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davide_Calabria" title="Davide Calabria">Davide Calabria</a> (born 1996), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittoria_Ceretti" title="Vittoria Ceretti">Vittoria Ceretti</a> (born 1998), model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanco_(singer)" title="Blanco (singer)">Riccardo "Blanco" Fabbriconi</a> (born 2003), singer and rapper, Italian representative at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Eurovision Song Contest 2022</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: International relations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <p>In Brazil there is a town called <a href="/wiki/Nova_Br%C3%A9scia" title="Nova Bréscia">Nova Bréscia</a>. This name was given by its first citizens, who were from Brescia. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Italy" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy">List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Brescia is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><noscript><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="Germany" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a>, Germany (1991)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><noscript><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="Spain" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a>, Spain (2006)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><noscript><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" data-alt="State of Palestine" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, Palestine (2007)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><noscript><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="France" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a>, France (2016)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><noscript><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" data-alt="Lithuania" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, Lithuania (2022)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consulates">Consulates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Consulates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Brescia is home to the following <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)#Consulates_and_embassies" title="Consul (representative)">consulates</a>: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Gallery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 318px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 316px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior view of the Santa Maria delle Grazie church"><noscript><img alt="Interior view of the Santa Maria delle Grazie church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg/474px-Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="316" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="13427" data-file-height="6386"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 316px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg/474px-Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Interior view of the Santa Maria delle Grazie church" data-width="316" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg/711px-Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg/947px-Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior view of the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie,_Brescia" title="Santa Maria delle Grazie, Brescia"><i>Santa Maria delle Grazie</i></a> church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 301.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 299.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santuario_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Internal view of the Santuario di Santa Maria delle Grazie church"><noscript><img alt="Internal view of the Santuario di Santa Maria delle Grazie church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Santuario_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg/449px-Santuario_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7372" data-file-height="3698"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Santuario_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg/449px-Santuario_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Internal view of the Santuario di Santa Maria delle Grazie church" data-width="300" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Santuario_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg/674px-Santuario_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Santuario_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg/898px-Santuario_di_Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_interno_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Internal view of the <i>Santuario di Santa Maria delle Grazie</i> church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santo_Corpo_di_Cristo_church_interior_anteporta_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Internal view of the Santissimo Corpo di Cristo church"><noscript><img alt="Internal view of the Santissimo Corpo di Cristo church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Santo_Corpo_di_Cristo_church_interior_anteporta_Brescia.jpg/231px-Santo_Corpo_di_Cristo_church_interior_anteporta_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5049" data-file-height="4912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 154px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Santo_Corpo_di_Cristo_church_interior_anteporta_Brescia.jpg/231px-Santo_Corpo_di_Cristo_church_interior_anteporta_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Internal view of the Santissimo Corpo di Cristo church" data-width="154" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Santo_Corpo_di_Cristo_church_interior_anteporta_Brescia.jpg/347px-Santo_Corpo_di_Cristo_church_interior_anteporta_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Santo_Corpo_di_Cristo_church_interior_anteporta_Brescia.jpg/463px-Santo_Corpo_di_Cristo_church_interior_anteporta_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Internal view of the <i>Santissimo Corpo di Cristo</i> church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 104.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 102.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Barnaba_facciata_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former San Barnaba church"><noscript><img alt="Former San Barnaba church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/San_Barnaba_facciata_Brescia.jpg/154px-San_Barnaba_facciata_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7780" data-file-height="11388"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 103px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/San_Barnaba_facciata_Brescia.jpg/154px-San_Barnaba_facciata_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Former San Barnaba church" data-width="103" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/San_Barnaba_facciata_Brescia.jpg/231px-San_Barnaba_facciata_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/San_Barnaba_facciata_Brescia.jpg/307px-San_Barnaba_facciata_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Former <i>San Barnaba</i> church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 94.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 92.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_in_Riposo_esterno_est_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Faustino in Riposo church"><noscript><img alt="San Faustino in Riposo church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_in_Riposo_esterno_est_Brescia.jpg/139px-Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_in_Riposo_esterno_est_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5127" data-file-height="8272"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 93px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_in_Riposo_esterno_est_Brescia.jpg/139px-Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_in_Riposo_esterno_est_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="San Faustino in Riposo church" data-width="93" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_in_Riposo_esterno_est_Brescia.jpg/209px-Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_in_Riposo_esterno_est_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_in_Riposo_esterno_est_Brescia.jpg/279px-Chiesa_di_San_Faustino_in_Riposo_esterno_est_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>San Faustino in Riposo</i> church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiesa_di_San_Marco_Evangelista_facciata_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Marco Evangelista church"><noscript><img alt="San Marco Evangelista church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chiesa_di_San_Marco_Evangelista_facciata_Brescia.jpg/142px-Chiesa_di_San_Marco_Evangelista_facciata_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7887" data-file-height="12461"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chiesa_di_San_Marco_Evangelista_facciata_Brescia.jpg/142px-Chiesa_di_San_Marco_Evangelista_facciata_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="San Marco Evangelista church" data-width="95" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chiesa_di_San_Marco_Evangelista_facciata_Brescia.jpg/214px-Chiesa_di_San_Marco_Evangelista_facciata_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chiesa_di_San_Marco_Evangelista_facciata_Brescia.jpg/285px-Chiesa_di_San_Marco_Evangelista_facciata_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>San Marco Evangelista</i> church </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 129.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 127.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomba_del_cane_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bonomini Tomb also known as the Dog's Tomb"><noscript><img alt="Bonomini Tomb also known as the Dog's Tomb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tomba_del_cane_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg/191px-Tomba_del_cane_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="8253"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 128px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tomba_del_cane_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg/191px-Tomba_del_cane_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Bonomini Tomb also known as the Dog's Tomb" data-width="128" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tomba_del_cane_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg/287px-Tomba_del_cane_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tomba_del_cane_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg/382px-Tomba_del_cane_lato_Nord_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bonomini Tomb also known as the Dog's Tomb</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Maggi-Gambara_al_Fontanone_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maggi-Gambara Palace"><noscript><img alt="Maggi-Gambara Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Palazzo_Maggi-Gambara_al_Fontanone_Brescia.jpg/337px-Palazzo_Maggi-Gambara_al_Fontanone_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 225px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Palazzo_Maggi-Gambara_al_Fontanone_Brescia.jpg/337px-Palazzo_Maggi-Gambara_al_Fontanone_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Maggi-Gambara Palace" data-width="225" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Palazzo_Maggi-Gambara_al_Fontanone_Brescia.jpg/507px-Palazzo_Maggi-Gambara_al_Fontanone_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Palazzo_Maggi-Gambara_al_Fontanone_Brescia.jpg/675px-Palazzo_Maggi-Gambara_al_Fontanone_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maggi-Gambara Palace</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Bertolotti_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bertolotti Palace"><noscript><img alt="Bertolotti Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Palazzo_Bertolotti_Brescia.jpg/300px-Palazzo_Bertolotti_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8272" data-file-height="6200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Palazzo_Bertolotti_Brescia.jpg/300px-Palazzo_Bertolotti_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Bertolotti Palace" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Palazzo_Bertolotti_Brescia.jpg/451px-Palazzo_Bertolotti_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Palazzo_Bertolotti_Brescia.jpg/601px-Palazzo_Bertolotti_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bertolotti Palace</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 273.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Beretta_in_Piazza_del_Mercato_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beretta Palace"><noscript><img alt="Beretta Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Palazzo_Beretta_in_Piazza_del_Mercato_Brescia.jpg/410px-Palazzo_Beretta_in_Piazza_del_Mercato_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16484" data-file-height="9065"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 274px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Palazzo_Beretta_in_Piazza_del_Mercato_Brescia.jpg/410px-Palazzo_Beretta_in_Piazza_del_Mercato_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Beretta Palace" data-width="274" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Palazzo_Beretta_in_Piazza_del_Mercato_Brescia.jpg/615px-Palazzo_Beretta_in_Piazza_del_Mercato_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Palazzo_Beretta_in_Piazza_del_Mercato_Brescia.jpg/819px-Palazzo_Beretta_in_Piazza_del_Mercato_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beretta Palace</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 204.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 202.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Martinengo_Palatini_in_Piazza_Mercato_Brescia_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Martinengo Palace"><noscript><img alt="Martinengo Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Palazzo_Martinengo_Palatini_in_Piazza_Mercato_Brescia_2020.jpg/304px-Palazzo_Martinengo_Palatini_in_Piazza_Mercato_Brescia_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="203" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10582" data-file-height="7833"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 203px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Palazzo_Martinengo_Palatini_in_Piazza_Mercato_Brescia_2020.jpg/304px-Palazzo_Martinengo_Palatini_in_Piazza_Mercato_Brescia_2020.jpg" data-alt="Martinengo Palace" data-width="203" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Palazzo_Martinengo_Palatini_in_Piazza_Mercato_Brescia_2020.jpg/457px-Palazzo_Martinengo_Palatini_in_Piazza_Mercato_Brescia_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Palazzo_Martinengo_Palatini_in_Piazza_Mercato_Brescia_2020.jpg/608px-Palazzo_Martinengo_Palatini_in_Piazza_Mercato_Brescia_2020.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Martinengo Palace</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duomo_vecchio_e_duomo_nuovo_notturna_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piazza Duomo by night"><noscript><img alt="Piazza Duomo by night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Duomo_vecchio_e_duomo_nuovo_notturna_Brescia.jpg/315px-Duomo_vecchio_e_duomo_nuovo_notturna_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="11702" data-file-height="8355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Duomo_vecchio_e_duomo_nuovo_notturna_Brescia.jpg/315px-Duomo_vecchio_e_duomo_nuovo_notturna_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Piazza Duomo by night" data-width="210" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Duomo_vecchio_e_duomo_nuovo_notturna_Brescia.jpg/474px-Duomo_vecchio_e_duomo_nuovo_notturna_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Duomo_vecchio_e_duomo_nuovo_notturna_Brescia.jpg/630px-Duomo_vecchio_e_duomo_nuovo_notturna_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Piazza Duomo</i> by night</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_Castello_fortificazioni_ingresso_500esco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Castle's main entrance"><noscript><img alt="The Castle's main entrance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Brescia_Castello_fortificazioni_ingresso_500esco.jpg/337px-Brescia_Castello_fortificazioni_ingresso_500esco.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 225px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Brescia_Castello_fortificazioni_ingresso_500esco.jpg/337px-Brescia_Castello_fortificazioni_ingresso_500esco.jpg" data-alt="The Castle's main entrance" data-width="225" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Brescia_Castello_fortificazioni_ingresso_500esco.jpg/507px-Brescia_Castello_fortificazioni_ingresso_500esco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Brescia_Castello_fortificazioni_ingresso_500esco.jpg/675px-Brescia_Castello_fortificazioni_ingresso_500esco.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Castle's main entrance</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia,_Province_of_Brescia,_Italy_-_panoramio_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street in the old city center"><noscript><img alt="Street in the old city center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/300px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/300px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg" data-alt="Street in the old city center" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/451px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/600px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street in the old city center</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia,_Province_of_Brescia,_Italy_-_panoramio_(62).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roman ruins"><noscript><img alt="Roman ruins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2862%29.jpg/338px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2862%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 226px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2862%29.jpg/338px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2862%29.jpg" data-alt="Roman ruins" data-width="226" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2862%29.jpg/507px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2862%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2862%29.jpg/675px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2862%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roman ruins</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teatro_Romano_da_est_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roman Theatre section"><noscript><img alt="Roman Theatre section" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Teatro_Romano_da_est_Brescia.jpg/337px-Teatro_Romano_da_est_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 225px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Teatro_Romano_da_est_Brescia.jpg/337px-Teatro_Romano_da_est_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Roman Theatre section" data-width="225" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Teatro_Romano_da_est_Brescia.jpg/507px-Teatro_Romano_da_est_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Teatro_Romano_da_est_Brescia.jpg/675px-Teatro_Romano_da_est_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roman Theatre section</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 234.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 232.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corso_Zanardelli_e_Teatro_Grande_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Corso Zanardelli and Teatro Grande main entrance"><noscript><img alt="Corso Zanardelli and Teatro Grande main entrance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Corso_Zanardelli_e_Teatro_Grande_Brescia.jpg/349px-Corso_Zanardelli_e_Teatro_Grande_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="233" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="13631" data-file-height="8800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 233px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Corso_Zanardelli_e_Teatro_Grande_Brescia.jpg/349px-Corso_Zanardelli_e_Teatro_Grande_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Corso Zanardelli and Teatro Grande main entrance" data-width="233" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Corso_Zanardelli_e_Teatro_Grande_Brescia.jpg/524px-Corso_Zanardelli_e_Teatro_Grande_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Corso_Zanardelli_e_Teatro_Grande_Brescia.jpg/697px-Corso_Zanardelli_e_Teatro_Grande_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Corso Zanardelli</i> and <i>Teatro Grande</i> main entrance</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 224px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 222px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_monumento_Tartaglia_in_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bruni Conter Palace and Niccolò Tartaglia statue"><noscript><img alt="Bruni Conter Palace and Niccolò Tartaglia statue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_monumento_Tartaglia_in_Brescia.jpg/333px-Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_monumento_Tartaglia_in_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10959" data-file-height="7420"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 222px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_monumento_Tartaglia_in_Brescia.jpg/333px-Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_monumento_Tartaglia_in_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Bruni Conter Palace and Niccolò Tartaglia statue" data-width="222" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_monumento_Tartaglia_in_Brescia.jpg/499px-Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_monumento_Tartaglia_in_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_monumento_Tartaglia_in_Brescia.jpg/665px-Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_monumento_Tartaglia_in_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bruni Conter Palace and <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Tartaglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Niccolò Tartaglia">Niccolò Tartaglia</a> statue</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 94.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 92.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Torre_d%27Ercole_facciata_sud_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Torre d'Ercole"><noscript><img alt="Torre d'Ercole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Torre_d%27Ercole_facciata_sud_Brescia.jpg/139px-Torre_d%27Ercole_facciata_sud_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6933" data-file-height="11189"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 93px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Torre_d%27Ercole_facciata_sud_Brescia.jpg/139px-Torre_d%27Ercole_facciata_sud_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Torre d'Ercole" data-width="93" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Torre_d%27Ercole_facciata_sud_Brescia.jpg/209px-Torre_d%27Ercole_facciata_sud_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Torre_d%27Ercole_facciata_sud_Brescia.jpg/279px-Torre_d%27Ercole_facciata_sud_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Torre d'Ercole</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_Via_Barricate_%26_Duomo_nuovo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Steps in the old town"><noscript><img alt="Steps in the old town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Brescia_Via_Barricate_%26_Duomo_nuovo.jpg/168px-Brescia_Via_Barricate_%26_Duomo_nuovo.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3428" data-file-height="4576"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 112px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Brescia_Via_Barricate_%26_Duomo_nuovo.jpg/168px-Brescia_Via_Barricate_%26_Duomo_nuovo.jpg" data-alt="Steps in the old town" data-width="112" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Brescia_Via_Barricate_%26_Duomo_nuovo.jpg/253px-Brescia_Via_Barricate_%26_Duomo_nuovo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Brescia_Via_Barricate_%26_Duomo_nuovo.jpg/337px-Brescia_Via_Barricate_%26_Duomo_nuovo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Steps in the old town</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 116.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 114.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_Via_X_Giornate_Arkaden_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arcades"><noscript><img alt="Arcades" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Brescia_Via_X_Giornate_Arkaden_7.jpg/172px-Brescia_Via_X_Giornate_Arkaden_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3420" data-file-height="4471"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 115px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Brescia_Via_X_Giornate_Arkaden_7.jpg/172px-Brescia_Via_X_Giornate_Arkaden_7.jpg" data-alt="Arcades" data-width="115" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Brescia_Via_X_Giornate_Arkaden_7.jpg/258px-Brescia_Via_X_Giornate_Arkaden_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Brescia_Via_X_Giornate_Arkaden_7.jpg/344px-Brescia_Via_X_Giornate_Arkaden_7.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arcades</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fountains">Fountains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Fountains" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>For many years Brescia has been considered a "city of water" due to the presence of many canals and natural waterways, as the French author <a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Musset" title="Paul de Musset">Paul de Musset</a> (1804–1880) once wrote: "The wide streets and numerous fountains give it an air of a big city. Water gushes in the squares and circulates in private homes almost as abundantly as in Rome".<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia,_Province_of_Brescia,_Italy_-_panoramio_(91).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medieval fountain"><noscript><img alt="Medieval fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2891%29.jpg/338px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2891%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 226px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2891%29.jpg/338px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2891%29.jpg" data-alt="Medieval fountain" data-width="226" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2891%29.jpg/507px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2891%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2891%29.jpg/675px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2891%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Medieval fountain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia,_Province_of_Brescia,_Italy_-_panoramio_(60).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tagliaferri fountain"><noscript><img alt="Tagliaferri fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2860%29.jpg/338px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2860%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 226px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2860%29.jpg/338px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2860%29.jpg" data-alt="Tagliaferri fountain" data-width="226" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2860%29.jpg/507px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2860%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2860%29.jpg/675px-Brescia%2C_Province_of_Brescia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%2860%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tagliaferri fountain </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 99.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 97.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neptune_fountain_Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neptune fountain"><noscript><img alt="Neptune fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Neptune_fountain_Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_Brescia.jpg/146px-Neptune_fountain_Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4460" data-file-height="6846"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 98px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Neptune_fountain_Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_Brescia.jpg/146px-Neptune_fountain_Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Neptune fountain" data-width="98" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Neptune_fountain_Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_Brescia.jpg/220px-Neptune_fountain_Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Neptune_fountain_Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_Brescia.jpg/293px-Neptune_fountain_Palazzo_Bruni_Conter_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neptune fountain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_statua_di_Minerva_del_Cignaroli_in_piazza_Duomo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Minerva fountain"><noscript><img alt="Minerva fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Brescia_statua_di_Minerva_del_Cignaroli_in_piazza_Duomo.jpg/150px-Brescia_statua_di_Minerva_del_Cignaroli_in_piazza_Duomo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="7360"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Brescia_statua_di_Minerva_del_Cignaroli_in_piazza_Duomo.jpg/150px-Brescia_statua_di_Minerva_del_Cignaroli_in_piazza_Duomo.jpg" data-alt="Minerva fountain" data-width="100" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Brescia_statua_di_Minerva_del_Cignaroli_in_piazza_Duomo.jpg/225px-Brescia_statua_di_Minerva_del_Cignaroli_in_piazza_Duomo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Brescia_statua_di_Minerva_del_Cignaroli_in_piazza_Duomo.jpg/300px-Brescia_statua_di_Minerva_del_Cignaroli_in_piazza_Duomo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Minerva fountain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fontana_della_Pallata_Brescia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pallata fountain"><noscript><img alt="Pallata fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Fontana_della_Pallata_Brescia.jpg/300px-Fontana_della_Pallata_Brescia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8272" data-file-height="6200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Fontana_della_Pallata_Brescia.jpg/300px-Fontana_della_Pallata_Brescia.jpg" data-alt="Pallata fountain" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Fontana_della_Pallata_Brescia.jpg/451px-Fontana_della_Pallata_Brescia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Fontana_della_Pallata_Brescia.jpg/601px-Fontana_della_Pallata_Brescia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pallata fountain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fontana_in_piazza_Paolo_VI_Brescia_armata_Callegari.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Armed Brescia fountain"><noscript><img alt="Armed Brescia fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fontana_in_piazza_Paolo_VI_Brescia_armata_Callegari.jpg/337px-Fontana_in_piazza_Paolo_VI_Brescia_armata_Callegari.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 225px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fontana_in_piazza_Paolo_VI_Brescia_armata_Callegari.jpg/337px-Fontana_in_piazza_Paolo_VI_Brescia_armata_Callegari.jpg" data-alt="Armed Brescia fountain" data-width="225" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fontana_in_piazza_Paolo_VI_Brescia_armata_Callegari.jpg/507px-Fontana_in_piazza_Paolo_VI_Brescia_armata_Callegari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fontana_in_piazza_Paolo_VI_Brescia_armata_Callegari.jpg/675px-Fontana_in_piazza_Paolo_VI_Brescia_armata_Callegari.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Armed Brescia fountain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2017-03_Brescia_Mattes_Pana_(52).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Private fountain"><noscript><img alt="Private fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2017-03_Brescia_Mattes_Pana_%2852%29.JPG/169px-2017-03_Brescia_Mattes_Pana_%2852%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 113px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2017-03_Brescia_Mattes_Pana_%2852%29.JPG/169px-2017-03_Brescia_Mattes_Pana_%2852%29.JPG" data-alt="Private fountain" data-width="113" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2017-03_Brescia_Mattes_Pana_%2852%29.JPG/253px-2017-03_Brescia_Mattes_Pana_%2852%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2017-03_Brescia_Mattes_Pana_%2852%29.JPG/337px-2017-03_Brescia_Mattes_Pana_%2852%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Private fountain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_via_Musei_fontana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Private fountain"><noscript><img alt="Private fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Brescia_via_Musei_fontana.jpg/150px-Brescia_via_Musei_fontana.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="7360"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Brescia_via_Musei_fontana.jpg/150px-Brescia_via_Musei_fontana.jpg" data-alt="Private fountain" data-width="100" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Brescia_via_Musei_fontana.jpg/225px-Brescia_via_Musei_fontana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Brescia_via_Musei_fontana.jpg/300px-Brescia_via_Musei_fontana.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Private fountain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brescia_fontana_del_Vescovado.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vescovado fountain"><noscript><img alt="Vescovado fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Brescia_fontana_del_Vescovado.jpg/337px-Brescia_fontana_del_Vescovado.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 225px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Brescia_fontana_del_Vescovado.jpg/337px-Brescia_fontana_del_Vescovado.jpg" data-alt="Vescovado fountain" data-width="225" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Brescia_fontana_del_Vescovado.jpg/507px-Brescia_fontana_del_Vescovado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Brescia_fontana_del_Vescovado.jpg/675px-Brescia_fontana_del_Vescovado.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vescovado fountain</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Cultural references" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astronomy">Astronomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Astronomy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/521_Brixia" title="521 Brixia">521 Brixia</a> planetoid is named after the city.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" data-alt="" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Brescia" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Brescia">Bishopric of Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Brescia" title="University of Brescia">University of Brescia</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References_and_sources">References and sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References and sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <dl><dt>References</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224">"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"</a>. Italian National Institute of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Superficie+di+Comuni+Province+e+Regioni+italiane+al+9+ottobre+2011&rft.pub=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fit%2Farchivio%2F156224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBendinelli2019" class="citation web cs1">Bendinelli, Thomas (2 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brescia.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/19_febbraio_02/brescia-supera-200-mila-abitanti-bono-sara-citta-piu-viva-d69cedba-26d2-11e9-a470-fc09ad5adcfe.shtml">"Brescia supera i 200 mila abitanti Del Bono: sarà una città più viva"</a>. <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Corriere della Sera</i></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brescia+supera+i+200+mila+abitanti+Del+Bono%3A+sar%C3%A0+una+citt%C3%A0+pi%C3%B9+viva&rft.pub=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Italian-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22it%22%3ECorriere+della+Sera%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Italian-language+text&rft.date=2019-02-02&rft.aulast=Bendinelli&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrescia.corriere.it%2Fnotizie%2Fcronaca%2F19_febbraio_02%2Fbrescia-supera-200-mila-abitanti-bono-sara-citta-piu-viva-d69cedba-26d2-11e9-a470-fc09ad5adcfe.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UrbanismiInItalia-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UrbanismiInItalia_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UrbanismiInItalia_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111110011158/http://www.cityrailways.it/storage/pdf/01_urbanismi%20ITALIA_2011.pdf">"Urbanismi in Italia, 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>cityrailways.it</i> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityrailways.it/storage/pdf/01_urbanismi%20ITALIA_2011.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cityrailways.it&rft.atitle=Urbanismi+in+Italia%2C+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityrailways.it%2Fstorage%2Fpdf%2F01_urbanismi%2520ITALIA_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-benic-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-benic_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-benic_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-benic_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161030220341/http://www.beniculturali.it/mibac/export/MiBAC/sito-MiBAC/Contenuti/MibacUnif/Comunicati/visualizza_asset.html_1468318012.html">"Italia langobardorum, la rete dei siti Longobardi italiani iscritta nella Lista del Patrimonio Mondiale dell'UNESCO"</a> [Italia langobardorum, the network of the Italian Longobards sites inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List]. <i>beniculturali.it</i> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beniculturali.it/mibac/export/MiBAC/sito-MiBAC/Contenuti/MibacUnif/Comunicati/visualizza_asset.html_1468318012.html">the original</a> on 30 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=beniculturali.it&rft.atitle=Italia+langobardorum%2C+la+rete+dei+siti+Longobardi+italiani+iscritta+nella+Lista+del+Patrimonio+Mondiale+dell%27UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beniculturali.it%2Fmibac%2Fexport%2FMiBAC%2Fsito-MiBAC%2FContenuti%2FMibacUnif%2FComunicati%2Fvisualizza_asset.html_1468318012.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unesc_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesc_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1318.pdf">"THE LONGOBARDS IN ITALY. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unesco.org&rft.atitle=THE+LONGOBARDS+IN+ITALY.+PLACES+OF+THE+POWER+%28568%E2%80%93774+AD%29.+NOMINATION+FOR+INSCRIPTION+ON+THE+WORLD+HERITAGE+LIST&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fuploads%2Fnominations%2F1318.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190655/http://www.italialangobardorum.it/eng/sito/brescia/descrizione.asp?seza=2&sezb=6">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Brescia: description of goods" on Italialangobardorum.it"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Brescia%3A+description+of+goods%22+on+Italialangobardorum.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italialangobardorum.it%2Feng%2Fsito%2Fbrescia%2Fdescrizione.asp%3Fseza%3D2%26sezb%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeneghello2014" class="citation news cs1">Meneghello, Matteo (27 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305223836/http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/business-and-economy/2014-11-26/brescia-remains-italy-s-industrial-capital-133804.php?uuid=ABo7sMIC">"Brescia remains Italy's industrial capital"</a>. <i>italy24.ilsole24ore.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/business-and-economy/2014-11-26/brescia-remains-italy-s-industrial-capital-133804.php?uuid=ABo7sMIC">the original</a> on 5 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=italy24.ilsole24ore.com&rft.atitle=Brescia+remains+Italy%27s+industrial+capital&rft.date=2014-11-27&rft.aulast=Meneghello&rft.aufirst=Matteo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italy24.ilsole24ore.com%2Fart%2Fbusiness-and-economy%2F2014-11-26%2Fbrescia-remains-italy-s-industrial-capital-133804.php%3Fuuid%3DABo7sMIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBandirali2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bandirali, Federica (13 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brescia.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/15_luglio_13/anche-brescia-regione-europea-gastronomia-fb75ec00-296e-11e5-8a16-f989e7f12ffa.shtml">"Anche Brescia nella Regione europea della gastronomia"</a>. <i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Corriere della Sera</i></span></i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%3Cspan+title%3D%22Italian-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22it%22%3ECorriere+della+Sera%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Italian-language+text&rft.atitle=Anche+Brescia+nella+Regione+europea+della+gastronomia&rft.date=2015-07-13&rft.aulast=Bandirali&rft.aufirst=Federica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrescia.corriere.it%2Fnotizie%2Fcronaca%2F15_luglio_13%2Fanche-brescia-regione-europea-gastronomia-fb75ec00-296e-11e5-8a16-f989e7f12ffa.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStella2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stella, Clara (2003). <i>Brixia. Scoperte e riscoperte</i> (in Italian). Milano: Skira.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brixia.+Scoperte+e+riscoperte&rft.place=Milano&rft.pub=Skira&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Stella&rft.aufirst=Clara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140209034028/http://www.turismobrescia.it/en/percorso/origins-and-roman-brescia">"History of Brescia: the origins and the Roman Brescia"</a>. <i>turismobrescia.it</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turismobrescia.it/en/percorso/origins-and-roman-brescia">the original</a> on 9 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=turismobrescia.it&rft.atitle=History+of+Brescia%3A+the+origins+and+the+Roman+Brescia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turismobrescia.it%2Fen%2Fpercorso%2Forigins-and-roman-brescia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082902/http://www.bresciamusei.com/ncastello.asp?nm=15&t=Storia+del+Colle+Cidneo">"Storia del Colle Cidneo"</a> [History of the Cidneo Hill]. <i>bresciamusei.com</i> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bresciamusei.com/ncastello.asp?nm=15&t=Storia+del+Colle+Cidneo">the original</a> on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bresciamusei.com&rft.atitle=Storia+del+Colle+Cidneo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bresciamusei.com%2Fncastello.asp%3Fnm%3D15%26t%3DStoria%2Bdel%2BColle%2BCidneo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1994" class="citation book cs1">Moore, R. I. (1994). <i>The Origins of European Dissent</i>. London: University of Toronto Press. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-7566-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-7566-5"><bdi>0-8020-7566-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+European+Dissent&rft.place=London&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8020-7566-5&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=R.+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenway1931" class="citation book cs1">Greenway, George William (1931). <i>Arnold of Brescia</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 23–25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arnold+of+Brescia&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=23-25&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1931&rft.aulast=Greenway&rft.aufirst=George+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitz-Esser2004" class="citation book cs1">Schmitz-Esser, Romedio (2004). "Arnold of Brescia in Exile: April 1139 to December 1143 – His Role as a Reformer, Reviewed". In Napran, Laura (ed.). <i>Exile in the Middle Ages: Selected proceedings from the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds 8–11 July 2002</i>. Turnhout: Brepols. p. 216.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arnold+of+Brescia+in+Exile%3A+April+1139+to+December+1143+%E2%80%93+His+Role+as+a+Reformer%2C+Reviewed&rft.btitle=Exile+in+the+Middle+Ages%3A+Selected+proceedings+from+the+International+Medieval+Congress%2C+University+of+Leeds+8%E2%80%9311+July+2002&rft.place=Turnhout&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=Brepols&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Schmitz-Esser&rft.aufirst=Romedio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1995" class="citation book cs1">Moore, R. I. (1995). <i>The Birth of Popular Heresy</i>. London: University of Toronto Press. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-7659-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-7659-9"><bdi>0-8020-7659-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+Popular+Heresy&rft.place=London&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8020-7659-9&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=R.+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2016" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Phillip D. (2016). <i>Arnold of Brescia: Apostle of Liberty in Twelfth-Century Europe</i>. 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Baumgartner gives 8,000 as a minimal estimate, while Norwich gives 15,000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsnews.it/2018/04/25/best-5-lakes-of-brescia/">"Best 5 lakes of Brescia"</a>. 24 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valori-climatici-normali.isprambiente.it/">the original</a> on 17 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Valori+climatici+normali+in+Italia+%3A+Brescia%2FGhedi+AM&rft.pub=Istituto+Superiore+per+la+Protezione+e+la+Ricerca+Ambientale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvalori-climatici-normali.isprambiente.it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SM1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SM1_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/(088)Brescia%20Ghedi.pdf">"Brescia/Ghedi (BS)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Atlante climatico</i>. Servizio Meteorologico<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teatrogrande.it/uncategorized/teatro-grande-100-anni-da-monumento-nazionale/">the original</a> on 17 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teatrogrande.it&rft.atitle=Teatro+Grande%2C+100+anni+da+Monumento+Nazionale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teatrogrande.it%2Funcategorized%2Fteatro-grande-100-anni-da-monumento-nazionale%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ilgiornaledellarchitettura.com/2018/11/20/ritratti-di-citta-brescia-frattale/">"Ritratti di città. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bresciaoggi.it/stories/Cronaca/406729_il_vigneto_pusterla_rinasce_e_torna_alla_famiglia_capretti/">the original</a> on 26 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: <a href="/wiki/Springer-Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer-Verlag">Springer-Verlag</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp00schm/page/n69">56</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-00238-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-00238-3"><bdi>3-540-00238-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Minor+Planet+Names&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Heidelberg%2C+New+York&rft.pages=56&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=3-540-00238-3&rft.aulast=Schmadel&rft.aufirst=Lutz+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryminorp00schm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Brescia" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Brescia">Brescia</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brescia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Brescia" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Brescia">Brescia</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Brescia&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrescia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(18)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-18 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-18"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brescia#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Brescia">Bibliography of the history of Brescia</a></div> <p>Brescia 1849 la Compagnia della Stampa Gianluigi Valotti Anno edizione: 2018 </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(19)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-19 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-19"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" 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class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 38px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="38" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Brescia" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Brescia">Brescia</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Brescia#Q6221" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Brescia">Brescia</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bresciatourism.it/en/">Brescia Tourism official site: useful information, guide destination and hotel, airport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turismobrescia.it/en">Tourist Office of the City of Brescia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bresciamusei.com/">Brescia Museums official site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319061947/http://www.unibs.it/english-version">University of Brescia official site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090614002916/http://www.bs.unicatt.it/">Catholic University of Brescia</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brescia&oldid=1259649587">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brescia&oldid=1259649587</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Spsn34" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1732611881"> <span>Last edited on 26 November 2024, at 09:04</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="بريشا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بريشا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bre%C5%9Fia" title="Breşia – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Breşia" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="برشا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="برشا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Брэшыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брэшыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Брэшыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Брэшыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Бреша – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бреша" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Брешиа – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Брешиа" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia_(munisipyo)" title="Brescia (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Brescia (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Μπρέσια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπρέσια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%ABsa" title="Brësa – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Brësa" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bre%C5%9Do" title="Breŝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Breŝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="برشا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برشا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresse_di_Milan" title="Bresse di Milan – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Bresse di Milan" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="브레시아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브레시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B7%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Բրեշիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրեշիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Брешиа – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Брешиа" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%94" title="ברשה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברשה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90" title="ბრეშა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრეშა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brixia" title="Brixia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Brixia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bre%C5%A1a" title="Breša – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Breša" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bre%C5%A1a" title="Breša – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Breša" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A9scia" title="Bréscia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Bréscia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A8sa" title="Brèsa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Brèsa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Бреша – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бреша" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="بريشا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بريشا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia_(stad)" title="Brescia (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brescia (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2" title="ブレシア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブレシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Брешиа – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Брешиа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breissa" title="Breissa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Breissa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresha" title="Bresha – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bresha" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بریسیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بریسیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bressia" title="Bressia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bressia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A9scia" title="Bréscia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bréscia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Брешиа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брешиа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ब्रेशिया – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ब्रेशिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresha" title="Bresha – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bresha" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia_(mesto)" title="Brescia (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Brescia (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Бреша – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бреша" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescie" title="Brescie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Brescie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Брешия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Брешия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2" title="เบรชชา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบรชชา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Брешія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Брешія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="بریشا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بریشا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresa" title="Bresa – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bresa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Brescia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="布雷西亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="布雷西亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="布雷西亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="布雷西亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bre%C5%9Fa" title="Breşa – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Breşa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="布雷西亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="布雷西亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 09:04<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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