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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Larry Kaufman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div class="fn">Larry Kaufman</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full name</th><td class="infobox-data">Lawrence Charles Kaufman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">November 15, 1947<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1947-11-15</span>)</span> (age <span class="currentage"></span>77)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">Grandmaster</a> (2008)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a> <a href="/wiki/Elo_rating_system" title="Elo rating system">rating</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2196 (June 2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_players_by_peak_FIDE_rating" title="List of chess players by peak FIDE rating">Peak rating</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2424 (July 2001)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lawrence Charles Kaufman</b> (born November 15, 1947) is an American <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> player. He was awarded the title <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">Grandmaster</a> by <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a> for winning the 2008 <a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Chess_Championship" title="World Senior Chess Championship">World Seniors Championship</a> (which he later retroactively shared with <a href="/wiki/Mihai_Suba" title="Mihai Suba">Mihai Suba</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaufman had been previously awarded the title <a href="/wiki/International_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="International Master">International Master</a> in 1980. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Larry_Kaufman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A longtime researcher in <a href="/wiki/Computer_chess" title="Computer chess">computer chess</a>, Kaufman has made several contributions to chess-related works. He helped write the opening book for the pioneering program <a href="/wiki/Mac_Hack" title="Mac Hack">Mac Hack</a>, co-developed <a href="/wiki/Socrates_II" title="Socrates II">Socrates II</a> and its commercial adaptation, <a href="/wiki/Kasparov%27s_Gambit" title="Kasparov's Gambit">Kasparov's Gambit</a>, edited the journal <i>Computer Chess Reports</i>, and worked on many other research and commercial <a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">chess engines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also known for his work on computer chess engine <a href="/wiki/Rybka" title="Rybka">Rybka</a> 3,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and several books and articles, including "The Evaluation of Material Imbalances". On March 17, 2023, Larry Kaufman announced that he is now a paid consultant for <a href="/wiki/Chess.com" title="Chess.com">Chess.com</a> for the development of the <a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">chess engine</a> <a href="/wiki/Dragon_by_Komodo_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon by Komodo Chess">Dragon by Komodo Chess</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman2023_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman2023-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has written that a variant of <a href="/wiki/Capablanca_chess" title="Capablanca chess">Capablanca chess</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grand_Chess" title="Grand Chess">Grand Chess</a> "is an excellent game and deserves a bigger following".<sup id="cite_ref-Nfeb07-06_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nfeb07-06-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is also a <a href="/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi">shogi</a> player and teacher. In 1999, he was the only person in the world to have earned a 2400 rating in both chess and shogi.<sup id="cite_ref-Nfeb07-06_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nfeb07-06-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources"><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (July 2024)">independent source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Larry_Kaufman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Chess Advantage in Black and White: Opening Moves of the Grandmasters</i> (2004).</li> <li><i>The Kaufman Repertoire for Black and White: A Complete, Sound and User-friendly Chess Opening Repertoire</i> (2012).</li> <li><i>Sabotage the Grunfeld: A Cutting-Edge Repertoire for White based on 3.f3</i> (2014).</li> <li><i>Kaufman’s New Repertoire for Black and White: A Complete, Sound and User-friendly Chess Opening Repertoire</i> (2019).</li> <li><i>Chess Board Options: A Memoir of Players, Games and Engines</i> (2021).</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKaufman1999" class="citation cs2">Kaufman, Larry (March 1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120714204040/http://mywebpages.comcast.net/danheisman/Articles/evaluation_of_material_imbalance.htm">"The Evaluation of Material Imbalances"</a>, <i>Chess Life</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mywebpages.comcast.net/danheisman/Articles/evaluation_of_material_imbalance.htm">the original</a> on July 14, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chess+Life&rft.atitle=The+Evaluation+of+Material+Imbalances&rft.date=1999-03&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmywebpages.comcast.net%2Fdanheisman%2FArticles%2Fevaluation_of_material_imbalance.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Kaufman" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Larry_Kaufman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ratings.fide.com/profile/2000555/chart">"Ratings Progress Chart: Kaufman, Lawrence"</a>. <i>ratings.fide.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ratings.fide.com&rft.atitle=Ratings+Progress+Chart%3A+Kaufman%2C+Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fratings.fide.com%2Fprofile%2F2000555%2Fchart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Kaufman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seniorenschach.de/en/index.php">"Seniorenschach"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seniorenschach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seniorenschach.de%2Fen%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Kaufman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.fide.com/component/content/article/1-fide-news/3837-presidential-board-meeting-1st-quarter-2009">"Presidential Board meeting 1st quarter 2009"</a>. FIDE. 2009-03-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chessprogramming.org/Larry_Kaufman">"Larry Kaufman"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Larry+Kaufman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chessprogramming.org%2FLarry_Kaufman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Kaufman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/display.php?id=37017">"Master Blaster"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Master+Blaster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoncitypaper.com%2Fdisplay.php%3Fid%3D37017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Kaufman" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaufman2023-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaufman2023_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLarry_Kaufman" class="citation web cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Larry Kaufman</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=81715">"KomodoChess and chess.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KomodoChess+and+chess.com&rft.au=Larry+Kaufman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftalkchess.com%2Fforum3%2Fviewtopic.php%3Ff%3D2%26t%3D81715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Kaufman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nfeb07-06-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nfeb07-06_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nfeb07-06_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108102947/http://www.shogi.net/shogi-l/Archive/1999/Nfeb07-06.txt">"Nfeb07-06.txt"</a>. February 7, 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.net/shogi-l/Archive/1999/Nfeb07-06.txt">the original</a> on November 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nfeb07-06.txt&rft.date=1999-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shogi.net%2Fshogi-l%2FArchive%2F1999%2FNfeb07-06.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Kaufman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Larry_Kaufman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ratings.fide.com/profile/2000555">Lawrence Kaufman</a> rating card at <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723900#P1440" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uschess.org/msa/MbrDtlMain.php?10179416">Lawrence Charles Kaufman</a> rating and tournament record at <a href="/wiki/United_States_Chess_Federation" title="United States Chess Federation">US Chess Federation</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723900#P3558" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.365chess.com/players/Larry_C_Kaufman">Larry C. Kaufman</a> chess games at 365Chess.com <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723900#P3314" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=50429">Larry Kaufman</a> player profile and games at <a href="/wiki/Chessgames.com" title="Chessgames.com">Chessgames.com</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723900#P1665" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.net/shogi-l/Archive/1999/Nfeb07-06.txt">Larry Kaufman on the merits of various chess variants</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eric.macshogi.com/shogi/handicap/handicap.html">Larry Kaufman's handicap series</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/285147373">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p339754370">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_grandmasters321" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_GMs" title="Template:American GMs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:American_GMs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:American GMs (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_GMs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American GMs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_grandmasters321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">American <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">grandmasters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Chess players for the United States with the <a href="/wiki/FIDE_titles" title="FIDE titles">FIDE title</a> of grandmaster (GM) by title decade</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pal_Benko" title="Pal Benko">Benko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bisguier" title="Arthur Bisguier">Bisguier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Evans_(chess_player)" title="Larry Evans (chess player)">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Fine" title="Reuben Fine">Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Kashdan" title="Isaac Kashdan">Kashdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Reshevsky" title="Samuel Reshevsky">Reshevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Rossolimo" title="Nicolas Rossolimo">Rossolimo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960–1969</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrne_(chess_player)" title="Robert Byrne (chess player)">Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubomir_Kavalek" title="Lubomir Kavalek">Kavalek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lombardy" title="William Lombardy">Lombardy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970–1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Alburt" title="Lev Alburt">Alburt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Biyiasas" title="Peter Biyiasas">Biyiasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Christiansen" title="Larry Christiansen">Christiansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dzindzichashvili" title="Roman Dzindzichashvili">Dzindzichashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Gulko" title="Boris Gulko">Gulko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Palatnik" title="Sam Palatnik">Palatnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Rogoff" title="Kenneth Rogoff">Rogoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tarjan" title="James Tarjan">Tarjan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Benjamin" title="Joel Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Gurevich" title="Dmitry Gurevich">D. Gurevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Dake" title="Arthur Dake">Dake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_de_Firmian" title="Nick de Firmian">De Firmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Denker" title="Arnold Denker">Denker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Dlugy" title="Maxim Dlugy">Dlugy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaan_Ehlvest" title="Jaan Ehlvest">Ehlvest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fedorowicz" title="John Fedorowicz">Fedorowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Goldin" title="Alexander Goldin">Goldin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Henley_(chess_player)" title="Ron Henley (chess player)">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Kaidanov" title="Gregory Kaidanov">Kaidanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kudrin" title="Sergey Kudrin">Kudrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmar_Mednis" title="Edmar Mednis">Mednis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rohde_(chess_player)" title="Michael Rohde (chess player)">Rohde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Seirawan" title="Yasser Seirawan">Seirawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Soltis" title="Andrew Soltis">Soltis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilder" title="Michael Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadi_Zaichik" title="Gennadi Zaichik">Zaichik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Akopian" title="Vladimir Akopian">Akopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babakuli_Annakov" title="Babakuli Annakov">Annakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Becerra_Rivero" title="Julio Becerra Rivero">Becerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1zaro_Bruz%C3%B3n" title="Lázaro Bruzón">Bruzón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fishbein" title="Alexander Fishbein">Fishbein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Gurevich" title="Ilya Gurevich">I. Gurevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ivanov_(chess_player)" title="Alexander Ivanov (chess player)">Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gata_Kamsky" title="Gata Kamsky">Kamsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Novikov_(chess_player)" title="Igor Novikov (chess player)">Novikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Onischuk" title="Alexander Onischuk">Onischuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadij_Sagalchik" title="Gennadij Sagalchik">Sagalchik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Schwartzman" title="Gabriel Schwartzman">Schwartzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Serper" title="Gregory Serper">Serper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shabalov" title="Alexander Shabalov">Shabalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_Shaked" title="Tal Shaked">Shaked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miron_Sher" title="Miron Sher">Sher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Sherzer" title="Alex Sherzer">Sherzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yury_Shulman" title="Yury Shulman">Shulman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stripunsky" title="Alexander Stripunsky">Stripunsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wolff" title="Patrick Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Yermolinsky" title="Alex Yermolinsky">Yermolinsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varuzhan_Akobian" title="Varuzhan Akobian">Akobian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levon_Aronian" title="Levon Aronian">Aronian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ashley" title="Maurice Ashley">Ashley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinay_Bhat" title="Vinay Bhat">Bhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabiano_Caruana" title="Fabiano Caruana">Caruana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leinier_Dom%C3%ADnguez" title="Leinier Domínguez">Domínguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Erenburg" title="Sergey Erenburg">Erenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Finegold" title="Ben Finegold">Finegold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Friedel" title="Joshua Friedel">Friedel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timur_Gareyev" title="Timur Gareyev">Gareyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renier_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Renier González">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holden_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Carmenate" title="Holden Hernández Carmenate">Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hess_(chess_player)" title="Robert Hess (chess player)">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zviad_Izoria" title="Zviad Izoria">Izoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_Corrales_Jimenez" title="Fidel Corrales Jimenez">Jimenez</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kaufman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melikset_Khachiyan" title="Melikset Khachiyan">Khachiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Kraai" title="Jesse Kraai">Kraai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Kreiman" title="Boris Kreiman">Kreiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elshan_Moradi" title="Elshan Moradi">Moradi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikaru_Nakamura" title="Hikaru Nakamura">Nakamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Perelshteyn" title="Eugene Perelshteyn">Perelshteyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuniesky_Quesada" title="Yuniesky Quesada">Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Ram%C3%ADrez_(chess_player)" title="Alejandro Ramírez (chess player)">Ramírez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_So" title="Wesley So">So</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dariusz_%C5%9Awiercz" title="Dariusz Świercz">Świercz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Zherebukh" title="Yaroslav Zherebukh">Zherebukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raset_Ziatdinov" title="Raset Ziatdinov">Ziatdinov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010–2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Antipov" title="Mikhail Antipov">Antipov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Tyler_Arnold" title="Marc Tyler Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Brown_(chess_player)" title="Michael Brown (chess player)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Burke" title="John M. Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshat_Chandra" title="Akshat Chandra">Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Checa" title="Nicolas Checa">Checa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Holt" title="Conrad Holt">Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hungaski" title="Robert Hungaski">Hungaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irina_Krush" title="Irina Krush">Krush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Lenderman" title="Aleksandr Lenderman">Lenderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruifeng_Li" title="Ruifeng Li">Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awonder_Liang" title="Awonder Liang">Liang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Molner" title="Mackenzie Molner">Molner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Naroditsky" title="Daniel Naroditsky">Naroditsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigoriy_Oparin" title="Grigoriy Oparin">Oparin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Robson" title="Ray Robson">Robson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sevian" title="Samuel Sevian">Sevian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Sevillano" title="Enrico Sevillano">Sevillano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Shankland" title="Sam Shankland">Shankland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Smith_(chess_player)" title="Bryan Smith (chess player)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tang" title="Andrew Tang">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayden_Troff" title="Kayden Troff">Troff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Xiong" title="Jeffery Xiong">Xiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Yang" title="Darwin Yang">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Zierk" title="Steven Zierk">Zierk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020–2029</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praveen_Balakrishnan" title="Praveen Balakrishnan">Balakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safal_Bora" title="Safal Bora">Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brodsky" title="David Brodsky">Brodsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaji_Daggupati" title="Balaji Daggupati">Daggupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Fernandez_(American_chess_player)" title="Daniel Fernandez (American chess player)">Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Ghazarian" title="Kirk Ghazarian">Ghazarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Guo" title="Arthur Guo">Guo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewington_Hardaway" title="Brewington Hardaway">Hardaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hong" title="Andrew Hong">Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Jacobson" title="Brandon Jacobson">Jacobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhimanyu_Mishra" title="Abhimanyu Mishra">Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Niemann" title="Hans Niemann">Niemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Sheng" title="Joshua Sheng">Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raven_Sturt" title="Raven Sturt">Sturt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Tiglon" title="Bryce Tiglon">Tiglon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Woodward_(chess_player)" title="Andy Woodward (chess player)">Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Yoo_(chess_player)" title="Christopher Yoo (chess player)">Yoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_grandmasters" title="List of chess grandmasters">List of chess grandmasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_chess_players" title="Category:American chess players">Category:American chess players</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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