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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jack Szostak</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 57 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%83" title="جاك زوستاك – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاك زوستاك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%A9_%DA%98%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="جک ژوستاک – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جک ژوستاک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="জ্যাক শসট্যাক – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্যাক শসট্যাক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BA_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Джэк Шостак – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джэк Шостак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%A9_%DA%98%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="جک ژوستاک – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جک ژوستاک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AD_%EC%87%BC%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%9D" title="잭 쇼스택 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잭 쇼스택" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%AF_%D5%87%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ջեկ Շոստակ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեկ Շոստակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="जैक शॉस्तक – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जैक शॉस्तक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_William_Szostak" title="Jack William Szostak – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jack William Szostak" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A7_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A7" title="ג'ק שוסטק – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ק שוסטק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Джек Шостак – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джек Шостак" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_William_Szostak" title="Jack William Szostak – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jack William Szostak" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D._%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82._%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ജാക്ക്. ഡബ്ല്യൂ. ഷോസ്റ്റാക്ക് – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജാക്ക്. ഡബ്ല്യൂ. ഷോസ്റ്റാക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82._%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="जॅक डबल्यू. झोस्टाक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॅक डबल्यू. झोस्टाक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%83" title="جاك زوستاك – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاك زوستاك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%A9_%DA%98%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="جک ژوستاک – mazandaraani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جک ژوستاک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BBW%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AF" title="ジャック・W・ショスタク – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャック・W・ショスタク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="جیک زوستاک – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیک زوستاک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Шостак, Джек – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шостак, Джек" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – sitsiilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%B4%DB%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="جاک شۆستاک – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جاک شۆستاک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜாக் சோஸ்டாக் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜாக் சோஸ்டாக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jack Szostak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Джек Шостак – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джек Шостак" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9_%DA%88%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88._%D8%B3%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%DA%A9" title="جیک ڈبلیو. سزوسٹک – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیک ڈبلیو. سزوسٹک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jack W. Szostak" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%BB%8D%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B" title="杰克·绍斯塔克 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="杰克·绍斯塔克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q104600#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">Prinditavat versiooni ei toetata enam ja selles võib olla viimistlusvigu. Palun uuenda enda brauseri järjehoidjad ja kasuta selle versiooni asemel brauseri harilikku prindifunktsiooni.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6347534">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;float:right;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox.sisterproject{width:20em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output 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.infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}</style></div><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold"><span class="fn">Jack Szostak</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Jack-szostak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Jack-szostak.jpg/220px-Jack-szostak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Jack-szostak.jpg/330px-Jack-szostak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Jack-szostak.jpg/440px-Jack-szostak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em">Sündinud</th><td> <a href="/wiki/9._november" title="9. november">9. november</a> <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a><br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inglismaa" title="Inglismaa">Inglismaa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Teadlaskarjäär</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em">Tegevusalad</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Geneetika" title="Geneetika">geneetika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biokeemia" title="Biokeemia">biokeemia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em">Töökohad</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvardi_meditsiinikool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvardi meditsiinikool (pole veel kirjutatud)">Harvardi meditsiinikool</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em">Tunnustus</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Nobeli_meditsiiniauhind" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobeli meditsiiniauhind">Nobeli meditsiiniauhind</a> (2009)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jack William Szostak</b> (sündinud <a href="/wiki/9._november" title="9. november">9. novembril</a> <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on Kanada-Ameerika <sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bioloog" title="Bioloog">bioloog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobeli_auhind" title="Nobeli auhind">Nobeli auhinna</a> laureaat ja Harvardi meditsiinikooli geneetikaprofessor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Viitamine" title="Vikipeedia:Viitamine"><span title="See väide vajab viidet.">viide?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Szostak on andnud märkimisväärse panuse <a href="/wiki/Geneetika" title="Geneetika">geneetika</a> valdkonda. Tema saavutus<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Viitamine" title="Vikipeedia:Viitamine"><span title="See väide vajab viidet.">viide?</span></a></i>]</sup> aitas teadlastel kaardistada <a href="/wiki/Geen" title="Geen">geenide</a> asukohta imetajatel ja töötada välja tehnikaid geenidega manipuleerimiseks<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipeedia:Viitamine" title="Vikipeedia:Viitamine"><span title="See väide vajab viidet.">viide?</span></a></i>]</sup>. Tema uurimistulemused selles valdkonnas on olulised ka "<a href="/wiki/Inimese_genoomi_projekt" title="Inimese genoomi projekt">Inimese genoomi projekti</a>" jaoks. Koos <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburni</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Carol Greideriga</a> sai ta <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>. aastal <a href="/wiki/Nobeli_f%C3%BCsioloogia-_v%C3%B5i_meditsiiniauhind" title="Nobeli füsioloogia- või meditsiiniauhind">Nobeli füsioloogia- või meditsiiniauhinna</a> selle avastamise eest, kuidas <a href="/wiki/Telomeer" title="Telomeer">telomeerid</a> kromosoome kaitsevad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Haridus_ja_noorus">Haridus ja noorus</h2></div> <p>Szostak kasvas üles <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" title="Montréal">Montréalis</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawas</a>. Kuigi Szostak ei oska poola keelt, teatas ta nädalalehele Wprost antud intervjuus, et mäletab oma Poola juuri. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ta õppis Riverdale'i keskkoolis (Quebeci provintsis) ja lõpetas selle 15-aastaselt teadlaste preemiaga. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19-aastaselt lõpetas ta <a href="/wiki/McGilli_%C3%9Clikool" title="McGilli Ülikool">McGilli Ülikoolis</a> <a href="/wiki/Rakubioloogia" title="Rakubioloogia">rakubioloogia</a> eriala bakalaureusekraadiga. Ta sai doktorikraadi <a href="/wiki/Biokeemia" title="Biokeemia">biokeemias</a> <a href="/wiki/Cornelli_%C3%9Clikool" title="Cornelli Ülikool">Cornelli Ülikoolis</a>. Seejärel asus ta tööle Harvardi meditsiinikoolis ning hakkas looma oma laborit Sidney Farberi vähiinstituudis. 1984. aastal värbas Howard Goodman ta Massachusettsi üldhaiglasse ja molekulaarbioloogia osakonda. Harvardi meditsiinikooli professoriks sai ta 1988. aastal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isiklikku">Isiklikku</h2></div> <p>Szostak oli abielus Terri-Lynn McCormickiga ja tal on kaks poega. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tal on kaks õde: Carolyn Szostak ja Kathy Hysen. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6066747">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookrags.com/Jack_William_Szostak"><i>Jack William Szostak</i></a>. Bookrags.com. 02.11.2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24.12.2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jack+William+Szostak&rft.pub=Bookrags.com&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bookrags.com%2FJack_William_Szostak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Szostak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobel-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2009/press.html">"The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Press Release"</a>. Nobelprize.org. 05.10.2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 24.12.2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+2009+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+-+Press+Release&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft.date=2009-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F2009%2Fpress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Szostak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wprost.pl/ar/174858/Chce-poznac-pierwsze-kroki-ewolucji/">I want to get to know first steps of evolution - Interview with Jack Szostak (in Polish)</a> "Moi pradziadowie wyemigrowali z Polski do USA. Ja urodziłem się w Londynie, a potem mieszkałem w Kanadzie. Niestety, nie mówię po polsku, ale chętnie przyznaje się do swoich polskich korzeni"( English translation: "My grandparents emigrated from Poland to the U.S.A. i was born in London, and then lived in Canada. Unfortunately, I do not speak Polish, but I eagerly confess to my Polish roots")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6066747"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2009/szostak-bio.html">"Jack W. Szostak - Biographical"</a>. <i>The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009</i>. Nobel Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Vaadatud 12.01.2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+2009&rft.atitle=Jack+W.+Szostak+-+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F2009%2Fszostak-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fet.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Szostak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://onthecoattailsofgiants.blogspot.co.uk">http://onthecoattailsofgiants.blogspot.co.uk</a> Blog written by Szostak's wife describing their experience visiting Sweden to receive his Nobel Prize. vaadatud, 29.12.2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://yourlifemoments.ca/sitepages/obituary.asp?oid=992205">http://yourlifemoments.ca/sitepages/obituary.asp?oid=992205</a> Obituary of Szostak's mother, with family details.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox" style=";;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6393697">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:2px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.15em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child:before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child:after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li:before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child:before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>1901 <a href="/wiki/Emil_von_Behring" title="Emil von Behring">Behring</a></li> <li>1902 <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a></li> <li>1903 <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Finsen</a></li> <li>1904 <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Pavlov</a></li> <li>1905 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a></li> <li>1906 <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a></li> <li>1907 <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Laveran" title="Alphonse Laveran">Laveran</a></li> <li>1908 <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Met%C5%A1nikov" title="Ilja Metšnikov">Metšnikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a></li> <li>1909 <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a></li> <li>1910 <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a></li> <li>1911 <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a></li> <li>1912 <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a></li> <li>1913 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Richet</a></li> <li>1914 <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a></li> <li><span style="color: darkgrey;">1915</span></li> <li><span style="color: darkgrey;">1916</span></li> <li><span style="color: darkgrey;">1917</span></li> <li><span style="color: darkgrey;">1918</span></li> <li>1919 <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a></li> <li>1920 <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a></li> <li><span style="color: darkgrey;">1921</span></li> <li>1922 <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a></li> <li>1923 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_James_Richard_Macleod" title="John James Richard Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li>1924 <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a></li> <li><span style="color: darkgrey;">1925</span></li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:1px; padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="5"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel"><img alt="Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/75px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/100px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>1926 <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Fibiger</a></li> <li>1927 <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a></li> <li>1928 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a></li> <li>1929 <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li>1930 <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a></li> <li>1931 <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg</a></li> <li>1932 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Adrian" title="Edgar Adrian">Adrian</a></li> <li>1933 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Morgan" title="Thomas Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li>1934 <a href="/wiki/George_Hoyt_Whipple" title="George Hoyt Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Richards_Minot" title="George Richards Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Parry_Murphy" title="William Parry Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li>1935 <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a></li> <li>1936 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dale" title="Henry Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a></li> <li>1937 <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a></li> <li>1938 <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Heymans</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a></li> <li><span style="color: darkgrey;">1940</span></li> <li><span style="color: darkgrey;">1941</span></li> <li><span style="color: darkgrey;">1942</span></li> <li>1943 <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a></li> <li>1944 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Gasser</a></li> <li>1945 <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Chain" title="Ernst Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a></li> <li>1946 <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Muller" title="Hermann Muller">Muller</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C. F. Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Theresa_Cori" title="Gerty Theresa Cori">G. T. Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Alberto_Houssay" title="Bernardo Alberto Houssay">Houssay</a></li> <li>1948 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Müller</a></li> <li>1949 <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">Egas Moniz</a></li> <li>1950 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kendall" title="Edward Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Reichstein" title="Tadeusz Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Hench" title="Philip Hench">Hench</a></li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>1951 <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a></li> <li>1952 <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Waksman</a></li> <li>1953 <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Krebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Lipmann</a></li> <li>1954 <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Weller" title="Thomas Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Robbins" title="Frederick Robbins">Robbins</a></li> <li>1955 <a href="/wiki/Axel_Hugo_Theorell" title="Axel Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a></li> <li>1956 <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Cournand" title="André Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Forssmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_Richards" title="Dickinson Richards">Richards</a></li> <li>1957 <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a></li> <li>1958 <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Tatum" title="Edward Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a></li> <li>1959 <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a></li> <li>1960 <a href="/wiki/Frank_Burnet" title="Frank Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brian_Medawar" title="Peter Brian Medawar">Medawar</a></li> <li>1961 <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a></li> <li>1962 <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Huxley</a></li> <li>1964 <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Lynen</a></li> <li>1965 <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lwoff" title="André Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Monod</a></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Huggins</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Hartline" title="Haldan Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a></li> <li>1968 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Holley" title="Robert Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a></li> <li>1969 <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Luria</a></li> <li>1970 <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a></li> <li>1971 <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland" title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li>1972 <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Porter</a></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niko_Tinbergen" title="Niko Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a></li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Palade" title="George Palade">Palade</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Temin" title="Howard Temin">Temin</a></li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a></li> <li>1977 <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Yalow</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Smith" title="Hamilton Smith">Smith</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/Allan_Cormack" title="Allan Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Snell" title="George Snell">Snell</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sperry" title="Roger Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hunter_Hubel" title="David Hunter Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Wiesel</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Vane" title="John Vane">Vane</a></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Jean_Franz_K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges Jean Franz Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a></li> <li>1985 <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Goldstein</a></li> <li>1986 <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a></li> <li>1987 <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a></li> <li>1988 <a href="/wiki/James_Black" title="James Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Elion" title="Gertrude Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Hitchings" title="George Hitchings">Hitchings</a></li> <li>1989 <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bishop" title="Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" title="Harold Varmus">Varmus</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" title="Joseph Murray">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a></li> <li>1992 <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Fischer" title="Edmond Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Krebs" title="Edwin Krebs">Krebs</a></li> <li>1993 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Roberts" title="Richard Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Sharp" title="Phillip Sharp">Sharp</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gilman" title="Alfred Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lewis" title="Edward Lewis">Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Wieschaus" title="Eric Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a></li> <li>1996 <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Zinkernagel" title="Rolf Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Prusiner" title="Stanley Prusiner">Prusiner</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a></li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" style=";;">2001–2025</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5492003"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Leland_Hartwell" title="Leland Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Maxime_Nurse" title="Paul Maxime Nurse">Nurse</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Horvitz" title="Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">Sulston</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lautebur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Barry_J._Marshall" title="Barry J. Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Robin_Warren" title="John Robin Warren">Warren</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Cameron_Mello" title="Craig Cameron Mello">Mello</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Hausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré-Sinoussi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Szostak</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">May-Britt Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Edvard Moser</a></li> <li>2015 <a href="/wiki/William_Cecil_Campbell" title="William Cecil Campbell">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Ōmura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_%C5%8Csumi" title="Yoshinori Ōsumi">Ōsumi</a></li> <li>2017 <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a></li> <li>2018 <a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_Jr." title="William Kaelin Jr.">Kaelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ratcliffe" title="Peter Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Semenza" title="Gregg Semenza">Semenza</a></li> <li>2020 <a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a></li> <li>2023 <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a></li> <li>2024 <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a></li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Szostak&oldid=6727349">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Szostak&oldid=6727349</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Kategooriad" title="Eri:Kategooriad">Kategooriad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Nobeli_f%C3%BCsioloogia-_v%C3%B5i_meditsiiniauhinna_laureaadid" title="Kategooria:Nobeli füsioloogia- või meditsiiniauhinna laureaadid">Nobeli füsioloogia- või meditsiiniauhinna laureaadid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_molekulaarbioloogid" title="Kategooria:Ameerika Ühendriikide molekulaarbioloogid">Ameerika Ühendriikide molekulaarbioloogid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:S%C3%BCndinud_1952" title="Kategooria:Sündinud 1952">Sündinud 1952</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_geneetikud" title="Kategooria:Ameerika Ühendriikide geneetikud">Ameerika Ühendriikide geneetikud</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_Rahvusliku_Teaduste_Akadeemia_liikmed" title="Kategooria:Ameerika Ühendriikide Rahvusliku Teaduste Akadeemia liikmed">Ameerika Ühendriikide Rahvusliku Teaduste Akadeemia liikmed</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Peidetud kategooriad: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:Viideteta_v%C3%A4idetega_artiklid" title="Kategooria:Viideteta väidetega artiklid">Viideteta väidetega artiklid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategooria:%C3%9Clevaatamata_t%C3%B5lgetega_lehek%C3%BCljed" title="Kategooria:Ülevaatamata tõlgetega leheküljed">Ülevaatamata tõlgetega leheküljed</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 11:02, 15. september 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst on kasutatav vastavalt Creative Commonsi litsentsile "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">Autorile viitamine + jagamine samadel tingimustel</a>"; sellele võivad lisanduda täiendavad tingimused. 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