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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_and_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation and name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_and_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17th_to_19th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th_to_19th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>17th to 19th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th_to_19th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Post-war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_and_municipal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Administrative and municipal status</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative and municipal status subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>City divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clusters_of_Voronezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clusters_of_Voronezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Clusters of Voronezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clusters_of_Voronezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Urban layout</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theaters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theaters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Theaters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theaters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cemeteries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cemeteries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cemeteries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cemeteries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading_and_cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading_and_cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading and cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading_and_cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Voronezh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 104 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woronezj" title="Woronezj – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Woronezj" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorone%C5%BE" title="Voronež – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Voronež" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="فارونيش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فارونيش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vor%C3%B3nezh" title="Vorónezh – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vorónezh" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronej" title="Voronej – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Voronej" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%98" title="وورونژ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وورونژ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6" title="ভারোনিশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারোনিশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Варонеж – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Варонеж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Варонеж – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Варонеж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronej" title="Voronej – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Voronej" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vor%C3%B3nej" title="Vorónej – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vorónej" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Voronezh (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Voronezh (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voron%C4%9B%C5%BE" title="Voroněž – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Voroněž" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezj" title="Voronezj – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Voronezj" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woronesch" title="Woronesch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Woronesch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorone%C5%BE" title="Voronež – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Voronež" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B6" title="Βορόνεζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βορόνεζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Воронеж ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Воронеж ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vor%C3%B3nezh" title="Vorónezh – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vorónezh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorone%C4%B5o" title="Voroneĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Voroneĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%98" title="وورونژ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وورونژ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronej" title="Voronej – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voronej" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezj" title="Voronezj – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Voronezj" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%BB%D1%81%D0%BD" title="Воронеж балһсн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Воронеж балһсн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%84%A4%EC%8B%9C" title="보로네시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보로네시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AA" title="Վորոնեժ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վորոնեժ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woronje%C5%BE" title="Woronjež – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Woronjež" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronje%C5%BE" title="Voronjež – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Voronjež" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorone%C5%BE" title="Voronež – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Voronež" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%96%27" title="וורונז' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וורונז'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98" title="ვორონეჟი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვორონეჟი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronej" title="Voronej – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Voronej" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronej" title="Voronej – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Voronej" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronegia" title="Voronegia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Voronegia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voro%C5%86e%C5%BEa" title="Voroņeža – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Voroņeža" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woronej" title="Woronej – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Woronej" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorone%C5%BEas" title="Voronežas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Voronežas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronyezs" title="Voronyezs – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Voronyezs" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9D" title="वोरोनेझ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वोरोनेझ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98" title="ვორონეჟი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვორონეჟი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="ڤارونيش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤارونيش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezj" title="Voronezj – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voronezj" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B8" title="ヴォロネジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴォロネジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woronesch_(Steed)" title="Woronesch (Steed) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Woronesch (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezj" title="Voronezj – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Voronezj" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezj" title="Voronezj – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Voronezj" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronej" title="Voronej – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Voronej" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9D%E0%A8%BC" title="ਵੋਰੋਨੱਝ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੋਰੋਨੱਝ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="وورونیز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وورونیز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="ورونيش – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ورونيش" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worone%C5%BC" title="Woroneż – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Woroneż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronej" title="Voronej – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Voronej" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronej" title="Voronej – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Voronej" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronej" title="Voronej – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Voronej" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorone%C5%BE" title="Voronež – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Voronež" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorone%C5%BE" title="Voronež – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Voronež" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%94%D0%B6%D1%8C" title="Воронєжь – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Воронєжь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worone%C5%BC" title="Woroneż – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Woroneż" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Вороњеж – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вороњеж" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronje%C5%BE" title="Voronjež – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Voronjež" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorone%C5%BE" title="Voronež – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Voronež" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezj" title="Voronezj – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Voronezj" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88" title="โวโรเนจ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โวโรเนจ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronej" title="Voronej – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Voronej" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Воронеж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Воронеж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%98" title="ورونیژ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ورونیژ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorone%C5%BE" title="Voronež – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Voronež" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronej" title="Voronej – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Voronej" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Voronezh" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%BD%97%E6%B6%85%E6%97%A5" title="沃罗涅日 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="沃罗涅日" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%B2" title="佛洛尼茲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="佛洛尼茲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%BD%97%E6%B6%85%E6%97%A5" title="沃罗涅日 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沃罗涅日" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3426#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Voronezh&params=51_40_18_N_39_12_38_E_type:city_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°40′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°12′38″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.67167°N 39.21056°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.67167; 39.21056</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Voronezh Oblast, Russia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Voronizh" title="Voronizh">Voronizh</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Voronezh_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Voronezh (disambiguation)">Voronezh (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Voronezh Oblast, Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Voronezh</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Воронеж</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">City</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref285_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref285-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%AE%D0%92%D0%96%D0%94.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Main building of the South Eastern Railway Administration"><img alt="Main building of the South Eastern Railway Administration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%AE%D0%92%D0%96%D0%94.jpg/250px-%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%AE%D0%92%D0%96%D0%94.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%AE%D0%92%D0%96%D0%94.jpg/375px-%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%AE%D0%92%D0%96%D0%94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%AE%D0%92%D0%96%D0%94.jpg/500px-%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%AE%D0%92%D0%96%D0%94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Main building of the South Eastern Railway Administration</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Voronezh.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Voronezh"><img alt="Flag of Voronezh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Voronezh.png/125px-Flag_of_Voronezh.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Voronezh.png/188px-Flag_of_Voronezh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Voronezh.png/250px-Flag_of_Voronezh.png 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="1053" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_voronezh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Voronezh"><img alt="Coat of arms of Voronezh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_arms_of_voronezh.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_voronezh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_arms_of_voronezh.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_voronezh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Coat_of_arms_of_voronezh.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_voronezh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="518" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Voronezh</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_e6463dfc18b8049582c8f00c7c733476ef3567bb"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Voronezh&revid=1256355890&groups=_e6463dfc18b8049582c8f00c7c733476ef3567bb" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Voronezh&revid=1256355890&groups=_e6463dfc18b8049582c8f00c7c733476ef3567bb 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_administrative_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voronezh is located in Russia"><img alt="Voronezh is located in Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/250px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/375px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/500px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.831%;left:10.582%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Voronezh"><img alt="Voronezh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Voronezh</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Voronezh</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Russia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Voronezh_Oblast_(with_position_on_the_map_of_Russia).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voronezh is located in Voronezh Oblast"><img alt="Voronezh is located in Voronezh Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Outline_Map_of_Voronezh_Oblast_%28with_position_on_the_map_of_Russia%29.svg/250px-Outline_Map_of_Voronezh_Oblast_%28with_position_on_the_map_of_Russia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Outline_Map_of_Voronezh_Oblast_%28with_position_on_the_map_of_Russia%29.svg/375px-Outline_Map_of_Voronezh_Oblast_%28with_position_on_the_map_of_Russia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Outline_Map_of_Voronezh_Oblast_%28with_position_on_the_map_of_Russia%29.svg/500px-Outline_Map_of_Voronezh_Oblast_%28with_position_on_the_map_of_Russia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1983" data-file-height="1647" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.568%;left:23.28%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Voronezh"><img alt="Voronezh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Voronezh</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Voronezh (Voronezh Oblast)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Voronezh Oblast</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Russia_location_map_(2014%E2%80%932022,_Crimea_disputed).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voronezh is located in European Russia"><img alt="Voronezh is located in European Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/250px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/375px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/500px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.15%;left:42.392%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Voronezh"><img alt="Voronezh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Voronezh</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Voronezh (European Russia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of European Russia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Voronezh&params=51_40_18_N_39_12_38_E_type:city_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°40′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°12′38″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.67167°N 39.21056°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.67167; 39.21056</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subject</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Oblast" title="Voronezh Oblast">Voronezh Oblast</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref285_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref285-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1585<sup id="cite_ref-Foundation1585_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foundation1585-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or much earlier<sup id="cite_ref-FoundationEarlier_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoundationEarlier-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City status since</th><td class="infobox-data">1585<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/City_Duma" class="mw-redirect" title="City Duma">City Duma</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vadim_Kstenin_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vadim Kstenin (politician) (page does not exist)">Vadim Kstenin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-GKS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GKS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">601 km<sup>2</sup> (232 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">154 m (505 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,047,549</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">none<span style="float:right"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3426?uselang=en#P1549" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Administrative status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Subordinated to</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Voronezh <a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">Urban Okrug</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref285_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref285-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Voronezh Oblast,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref285_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref285-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voronezh Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref285_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref285-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Municipal status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Urban okrug</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Voronezh Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref927_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref927-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Voronezh Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref927_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref927-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moscow_Time" title="Moscow Time">MSK</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3447?uselang=en#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-vremeni_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vremeni-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal code(s)</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">394000–394095</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">Dialing code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+7 473<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OKTMO" title="OKTMO">OKTMO</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">20701000001</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City Day</th><td class="infobox-data">Third Saturday of September<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voronezh-city.ru/">www<wbr />.voronezh-city<wbr />.ru</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Voronezh</b><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">və-<span style="font-size:90%">ROH</span>-nish, -⁠<span style="font-size:90%">RO</span>-</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Воронеж</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[vɐˈronʲɪʂ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5d\/Ru-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6.oga\/Ru-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-\u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0436.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Ru-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6.oga/Ru-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6.oga" title="File:Ru-Воронеж.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a city and the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">administrative centre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Oblast" title="Voronezh Oblast">Voronezh Oblast</a> in southwestern <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> straddling the <a href="/wiki/Voronezh_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Voronezh River">Voronezh River</a>, located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the <a href="/wiki/Don_River_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don River (Russia)">Don River</a>. The city sits on the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Railway_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Railway (Russia)">Southeastern Railway</a>, which connects western Russia with the <a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Urals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/M4_highway_(Russia)" title="M4 highway (Russia)">M4 highway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>–Voronezh–<a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>–<a href="/wiki/Novorossiysk" title="Novorossiysk">Novorossiysk</a>). In recent years the city has experienced rapid population growth, rising in 2021 to 1,057,681,<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up from 889,680 recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Russia by population">14th-most populous city</a> in the country. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Voronezh" title="Timeline of Voronezh">Timeline of Voronezh</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_name">Foundation and name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation and name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beker_van_Voronezj_Voronezh_drinking_vessel_(4e_eeuw_v._Chr._4th_century_BC).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Beker_van_Voronezj_Voronezh_drinking_vessel_%284e_eeuw_v._Chr._4th_century_BC%29.jpg/220px-Beker_van_Voronezj_Voronezh_drinking_vessel_%284e_eeuw_v._Chr._4th_century_BC%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Beker_van_Voronezj_Voronezh_drinking_vessel_%284e_eeuw_v._Chr._4th_century_BC%29.jpg/330px-Beker_van_Voronezj_Voronezh_drinking_vessel_%284e_eeuw_v._Chr._4th_century_BC%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Beker_van_Voronezj_Voronezh_drinking_vessel_%284e_eeuw_v._Chr._4th_century_BC%29.jpg/440px-Beker_van_Voronezj_Voronezh_drinking_vessel_%284e_eeuw_v._Chr._4th_century_BC%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="947" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Scythian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian">Scythian</a> vessel from Voronezh, 4th century BC. <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first chronicle references to the word "Voronezh" are dated 1177, when the Ryazan prince Yaropolk, having lost the battle, fled "to Voronozh" and there was moving "from town to town". Modern data of archeology and history interpret Voronezh as a geographical region, which included the <a href="/wiki/Voronezh_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Voronezh River">Voronezh river</a> (tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Don_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Don River">Don</a>) and a number of settlements. In the lower reaches of the river, a unique Slavic town-planning complex of the 8th – early 11th century was discovered, which covered the territory of the present city of Voronezh and its environs (about 42 km long, about 13 forts and many unfortified villages). By the 12th – 13th centuries, most of the old towns were desolate, but new settlements appeared upstream, closer to <a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zagorovsky" title="Vladimir Zagorovsky">Vladimir Zagorovsky</a> dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name <i>Voroneg</i>. This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the <a href="/wiki/Chernigov_Principality" class="mw-redirect" title="Chernigov Principality">Chernigov Principality</a> (now the village of <a href="/wiki/Voronizh" title="Voronizh">Voronizh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Later, in the 11th or 12th century, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of <i>Voroneg</i> nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa. </p><p>The linguistic <a href="/wiki/Comparative_linguistics" title="Comparative linguistics">comparative analysis</a> of the name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009. There is an indication of the place names of many countries in Eurasia, which may partly be not only similar in sound, but also united by common Indo-European languages: <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria">Varna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-Lazarev_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lazarev-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh" is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root <i>voron-</i> (from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Slavic">proto-Slavic</a> <i>vorn</i>) in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix <i>-ezh</i> <i>(-azh, -ozh</i>). It was not “transferred” and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in the middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times the area of the main settlement in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> before the baptism of Rus.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://huji-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/att40d/972HUJI_ALMA21273296650003701">[1]</a> it is assumed that the word "Voronezh" means bluing - a technique to increase the corrosion resistance of iron products. This explanation fits well with the proximity to the ancient city of Voronezh of a large iron deposit and the city of Stary Oskol. As well as the name of <a href="/wiki/Vorone%C8%9B_Monastery" title="Voroneț Monastery">Voroneț Monastery</a> known for its blue shade. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag is a non sequitur, and needs to be integrated into the text in a way that is meaningful to the reader. (September 2024)"><i>non sequitur</i></span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">Folk etymology</a> claims the name comes from combining the Russian words for raven (<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD#Russian" class="extiw" title="wikt:ворон">ворон</a></i>) and hedgehog (<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D0%B6#Russian" class="extiw" title="wikt:еж">еж</a></i>) into <i>Воронеж</i>. According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation. </p><p>In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including the Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the <a href="/wiki/Nogai_Horde" title="Nogai Horde">Nogai Horde</a> (a successor state of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a>), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by <a href="/wiki/Feodor_I_of_Russia" title="Feodor I of Russia">Feodor I</a> as a fort protecting the <a href="/wiki/Muravsky_Trail" title="Muravsky Trail">Muravsky Trail</a> trade route against the <a href="/wiki/Crimean%E2%80%93Nogai_slave_raids_in_Eastern_Europe" title="Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe">slave raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars</a>. The city was named after the river.<sup id="cite_ref-Foundation1585_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foundation1585-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th_to_19th_centuries">17th to 19th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 17th to 19th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Voronezh" title="Special:EditPage/Voronezh">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83_1.JPG/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83_1.JPG/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83_1.JPG/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A monument to <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8.JPG/220px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8.JPG/330px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8.JPG/440px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Voronezh. Ship Museum <a href="/wiki/Goto_Predestinatsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Goto Predestinatsia">Goto Predestinatsia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 17th century, Voronezh gradually evolved into a sizable town. <i>Weronecz</i> is shown on the <i>Worona</i> river in <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Ryazan" title="Principality of Ryazan">Resania</a> in <a href="/wiki/Joan_Blaeu" title="Joan Blaeu">Joan Blaeu</a>'s map of 1645.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> built a <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Воронежское адмиралтейство">dockyard in Voronezh</a> where the Azov Flotilla was constructed for the <a href="/wiki/Azov_campaigns" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov campaigns">Azov campaigns</a> in 1695 and 1696. This fleet, the first ever built in Russia, included the first Russian <a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line" title="Ship of the line">ship of the line</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Goto_Predestinatsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Goto Predestinatsia">Goto Predestinatsia</a></i>. The Orthodox diocese of Voronezh was instituted in 1682 and its first bishop, <a href="/wiki/Mitrofan_of_Voronezh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrofan of Voronezh">Mitrofan of Voronezh</a>, was later proclaimed the town's patron saint. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voronezhold.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Voronezhold.jpg/220px-Voronezhold.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Voronezhold.jpg/330px-Voronezhold.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Voronezhold.jpg/440px-Voronezhold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1058" /></a><figcaption>View of Voronezh in the 18th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Owing to the Voronezh Admiralty Wharf, for a short time, Voronezh became the largest city of South Russia and the economic center of a large and fertile region. In 1711, it was made the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Azov_Governorate" title="Azov Governorate">Azov Governorate</a>, which eventually morphed into the <a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Governorate" title="Voronezh Governorate">Voronezh Governorate</a>. </p><p>In the 19th century, Voronezh was the center of Voronezh Governorate. Manufacturing industry (mills, tallow-melting, butter-making, soap, leather, and other works) as well as bread, cattle, <a href="/wiki/Suet" title="Suet">suet</a>, and the hair trade developed in the town. A railway connected Voronezh with <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> in 1868 and <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a> in 1871. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II">World War II</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Soviet and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a>, and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 <i><a href="/wiki/Katyusha_rocket_launcher" title="Katyusha rocket launcher">Katyusha</a></i>) artillery installations were built at the Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of <i>Katyushas</i> was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October 22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of a defense committee in the city. On November 7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>. Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, <a href="/wiki/Samara,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Samara, Russia">Kuybyshev</a>, and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Voronezh_(1942)" title="Battle of Voronezh (1942)">attacked</a> by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the <a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Voronezh Front">Voronezh Front</a>. By July 6, the German army occupied the western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. By July 24 the frontline had stabilised along the Voronezh River as the German forces continued southeast into the Great Bend of the Don. The attack on Voronezh represented the first phase of the German Army's 1942 campaign in the Soviet Union, codenamed <a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Case Blue</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niemiecki_w%C3%B3z_pancerny_w_drodze_do_Worone%C5%BCa_(2-960).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Niemiecki_w%C3%B3z_pancerny_w_drodze_do_Worone%C5%BCa_%282-960%29.jpg/220px-Niemiecki_w%C3%B3z_pancerny_w_drodze_do_Worone%C5%BCa_%282-960%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Niemiecki_w%C3%B3z_pancerny_w_drodze_do_Worone%C5%BCa_%282-960%29.jpg/330px-Niemiecki_w%C3%B3z_pancerny_w_drodze_do_Worone%C5%BCa_%282-960%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Niemiecki_w%C3%B3z_pancerny_w_drodze_do_Worone%C5%BCa_%282-960%29.jpg/440px-Niemiecki_w%C3%B3z_pancerny_w_drodze_do_Worone%C5%BCa_%282-960%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2363" /></a><figcaption>German mechanized forces on their way to Voronezh, July 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>Until January 25, 1943, parts of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="2nd Army (Wehrmacht)">Second German Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(Hungary)" title="Second Army (Hungary)">Second Hungarian Army</a> occupied the western part of Voronezh. During <a href="/wiki/Operation_Little_Saturn" title="Operation Little Saturn">Operation Little Saturn</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogozhsk%E2%80%93Rossosh_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive">Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive</a>, and the Voronezhsko-Kastornenskoy Offensive, the Voronezh Front exacted heavy casualties on Axis forces. On January 25, 1943, Voronezh was <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Voronezh_(1943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Voronezh (1943)">liberated after ten days of combat</a>. During the war the city was almost completely ruined, with 92% of all buildings destroyed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-war">Post-war</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1950, Voronezh had been rebuilt. Most buildings and historical monuments were repaired. It was also the location of a prestigious <a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Military_School" title="Suvorov Military School">Suvorov Military School</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding school</a> for young boys who were considered to be prospective military officers, many of whom had been orphaned by war.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1950–1960, new factories were established: a tire factory, a machine-tool factory, a factory of heavy mechanical pressing, and others. In 1968, Serial production of the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tupolev Tu-144</a> supersonic plane was established at the Voronezh Aviation factory. In October 1977, the first Soviet domestic wide-body plane, <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-86" title="Ilyushin Il-86">Ilyushin Il-86</a>, was built there. </p><p>In 1989, <a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Agency_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union">TASS</a> published details of an alleged <a href="/wiki/Unidentified_flying_object" title="Unidentified flying object">UFO</a> <a href="/wiki/Voronezh_UFO_incident" title="Voronezh UFO incident">landing</a> in the city's park and purported encounters with <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrials" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraterrestrials">extraterrestrial beings</a> reported by a number of children. A Russian scientist that was cited in initial TASS reports later told the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> that he was misquoted, cautioning, "Don't believe all you hear from TASS," and "We never gave them part of what they published",<sup id="cite_ref-AP_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a TASS correspondent admitted the possibility that some "make-believe" had been added to the TASS story, saying, "I think there is a certain portion of truth, but it is not excluded that there is also fantasizing".<sup id="cite_ref-UPI_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FeinTimes_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FeinTimes-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/City_Day" title="City Day">City Day</a> in Voronezh in 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>From 10 to 17 September 2011, Voronezh celebrated its 425th anniversary. The anniversary of the city was given the status of a federal scale celebration that helped attract large investments from the <a href="/wiki/Federal_budget_of_Russia" title="Federal budget of Russia">federal and regional budgets</a> for development.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 17, 2012, Voronezh became the fifteenth city in Russia with a population of over one million people.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today Voronezh is the economic, industrial, cultural, and scientific center of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Black_Earth_Region" title="Central Black Earth Region">Central Black Earth Region</a>. As part of the annual tradition in the Russian city of Voronezh, every winter the main city square is thematically drawn around a classic literature. In 2020, the city was decorated using the motifs from <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker" title="The Nutcracker">The Nutcracker</a>. In the year of 2021, the architects drew inspiration from <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Hans Christian Andersen</a>'s fairy tale <i><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Queen" title="The Snow Queen">The Snow Queen</a></i> as well as the animation classic <i><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Queen_(1957_film)" title="The Snow Queen (1957 film)">The Snow Queen</a></i> from the Soviet Union. The fairy tale replica city will feature the houses of Kai and Gerda, the palace of the snow queen, an ice rink, and illumination.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2023, during the <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a>, forces of the Wagner Group claimed to have taken control of military facilities in the city. Later they were confirmed to have taken the city itself.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the night of 27 October 2024, during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> launched a drone attack on two distilleries in Voronezh, distilleries that make rocket and aviation fuel and explosives.<sup id="cite_ref-newsweek20241028_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsweek20241028-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nv20241027_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nv20241027-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_and_municipal_status">Administrative and municipal status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Administrative and municipal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption>The Mayor's office of Voronezh</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Districts_of_voronezh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Districts_of_voronezh.png/220px-Districts_of_voronezh.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Districts_of_voronezh.png/330px-Districts_of_voronezh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Districts_of_voronezh.png/440px-Districts_of_voronezh.png 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="2604" /></a><figcaption>Administrative districts of Voronezh</figcaption></figure> <p>Voronezh is the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">oblast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref285_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref285-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">framework of administrative divisions</a>, it is incorporated as <b>Voronezh <a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">Urban Okrug</a></b>—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Voronezh Oblast">districts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref285_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref285-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">municipal division</a>, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref927_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref927-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_divisions">City divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: City divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is divided into six <a href="/wiki/City_Raion" class="mw-redirect" title="City Raion">administrative districts</a>: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Zheleznodorozhny_City_District,_Voronezh" title="Zheleznodorozhny City District, Voronezh">Zheleznodorozhny</a> (183,17 km²)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsentralny_City_District,_Voronezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsentralny City District, Voronezh (page does not exist)">Tsentralny</a> (63,96 km²)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kominternovsky_City_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kominternovsky City District (page does not exist)">Kominternovsky</a> (47,41 km²)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leninsky_City_District,_Voronezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leninsky City District, Voronezh (page does not exist)">Leninsky</a> (18,53 km²)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovetsky_City_District,_Voronezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sovetsky City District, Voronezh (page does not exist)">Sovetsky</a> (156,6 km²)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levoberezhny_City_District,_Voronezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levoberezhny City District, Voronezh (page does not exist)">Levoberezhny</a> (123,89 km²)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1897</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">80,599</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">118,191</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+46.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">326,932</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+176.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">447,164</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+36.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">660,182</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+47.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">782,950</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">886,844</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">848,752</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">889,680</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,057,681</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census data</td></tr></tbody></table><p>At the time of the official 2021 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city's population whose ethnicity was known (960,357) was:<sup id="cite_ref-ВПН-2020_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ВПН-2020-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ethnicity </th> <th>Population</th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> </td> <td>918,247</td> <td>95.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> </td> <td>4,806</td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> </td> <td>4,416</td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a> </td> <td>1,946</td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a> </td> <td>1,707</td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> </td> <td>1,679</td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a> </td> <td>1,383 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>26,173</td> <td>2.7% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The leading sectors of the urban economy in the 20th century were <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">metalworking</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry" title="Electronics industry">electronics industry</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">food industry</a>. </p><p>In the city are such companies as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Aircraft_Production_Association" title="Voronezh Aircraft Production Association">Voronezh Aircraft Production Association</a> (where, amongst other types, the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tupolev Tu-144</a> was built)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_566221_Tu-144_passenger_airliner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/RIAN_archive_566221_Tu-144_passenger_airliner.jpg/300px-RIAN_archive_566221_Tu-144_passenger_airliner.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/RIAN_archive_566221_Tu-144_passenger_airliner.jpg/450px-RIAN_archive_566221_Tu-144_passenger_airliner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/RIAN_archive_566221_Tu-144_passenger_airliner.jpg/600px-RIAN_archive_566221_Tu-144_passenger_airliner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tupolev Tu-144</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voronezhselmash" title="Voronezhselmash">Voronezhselmash</a> (agricultural engineering)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sozvezdie" title="Sozvezdie">Sozvezdie</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (headquarter, JSC Concern “Sozvezdie”, in 1958 the world's first created mobile telephony and wireless telephone <a href="/wiki/Altai_(mobile_telephone_system)" title="Altai (mobile telephone system)">Altai</a></li> <li>Verofarm (pharmaceutics, owner <a href="/wiki/Abbott_Laboratories" title="Abbott Laboratories">Abbott Laboratories</a>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Mechanical_Plant" title="Voronezh Mechanical Plant">Voronezh Mechanical Plant</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (production of missile and aircraft engines, oil and gas equipment)</li> <li>Mining Machinery Holding - RUDGORMASH<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (production of drilling, mineral processing and mining equipment)</li> <li>VNiiPM Research Institute of Semiconductor Engineering<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (equipment for plasma-chemical processes, technical-chemical equipment for liquid operations, water treatment equipment)</li> <li>KBKhA <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Automatics_Design_Bureau" title="Chemical Automatics Design Bureau">Chemical Automatics Design Bureau</a> with notable products:.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirelli" title="Pirelli">Pirelli</a> Voronezh.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Koltsovsky Market in Voronezh</li></ul> <p>On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia, is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including the transformer factory of Siemens. On September 7, 2011 in Voronezh there opened a Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and the first in Russia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014, 926,000 square meters of housing was delivered.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clusters_of_Voronezh">Clusters of Voronezh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Clusters of Voronezh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In clusters of tax incentives and different preferences, the full support of the authorities. A cluster of Oil and Gas Equipment, Radio-electronic cluster, Furniture cluster, IT cluster, Cluster aircraft, Cluster Electromechanics, Transport and logistics cluster, Cluster building materials and technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_layout">Urban layout</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Urban layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Information about the original urban layout of Voronezh is contained in the "Patrol Book" of 1615. At that time, the city fortress was logged and located on the banks of the Voronezh River. In plan, it was an irregular quadrangle with a perimeter of about 238 meter. inside it, due to lack of space, there was no housing or siege yards, and even the cathedral church was supposed to be taken out. However, at this small fortress there was a large garrison - 666 households of service people. These courtyards were reliably protected by the second line of fortifications by a standing prison on taras with 25 towers covered with earth; behind the prison was a moat, and beyond the moat there were stakes. Voronezh was a typical military settlement (<a href="/wiki/Ostrog_(fortress)" title="Ostrog (fortress)">ostrog</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the city prison there were only settlements of military men: Streletskaya, Kazachya, Belomestnaya atamanskaya, Zatinnaya and Pushkarskaya.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The posad population received the territory between the <a href="/wiki/Ostrog_(fortress)" title="Ostrog (fortress)">ostrog</a> and the river, where the Monastyrskaya settlements (at the Assumption Monastery) was formed. Subsequently, the Yamnaya Sloboda was added to them, and on the other side of the fort, on the Chizhovka Mountain, the Chizhovskaya Sloboda of archers and Cossacks appeared. As a result, the Voronezh settlements surrounded the fortress in a ring. The location of the parish churches emphasized this ring-like and even distribution of settlements: the Ilyinsky Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda, the Pyatnitskaya Cossack and Pokrovskaya Belomestnaya were brought out to the passage towers of the prison. The Nikolskaya Church of the Streletskaya Sloboda was located near the marketplace (and, accordingly, the front facade of the fortress), and the paired ensemble of the Rozhdestvenskaya and Georgievskaya churches of the Cossack Sloboda marked the main street of the city, going from the Cossack Gate to the fortress tower.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voronezh experiences a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Dfb</i>) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Voronezh (1991–2020, extremes 1918–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.1<br />(104.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.5<br />(104.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.5<br />(104.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.0<br />(21.2) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.7<br />(21.7) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.3<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.5<br />(16.7) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.5<br />(16.7) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.5<br />(−33.7) </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.2<br />(−33.2) </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.0<br />(−25.6) </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.8<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.2<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.1<br />(−13.2) </td> <td style="background: #3232FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−33.4<br />(−28.1) </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−36.5<br />(−33.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">572<br />(22.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(6.3) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(8.7) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(6.3) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22<br />(8.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">134 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">93 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #717171; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #B8B852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">125 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">268 </td> <td style="background: #EDED07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">284 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">286 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">254 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185 </td> <td style="background: #B2B278; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111 </td> <td style="background: #555555; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #454545; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,928 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voronezh railway station"><img alt="Voronezh railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6-1.jpg/271px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6-1.jpg/407px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6-1.jpg/542px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="598" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Voronezh railway station</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vozairport.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voronezh International Airport"><img alt="Voronezh International Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Vozairport.jpg/272px-Vozairport.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Vozairport.jpg/409px-Vozairport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Vozairport.jpg/545px-Vozairport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1653" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_International_Airport" title="Voronezh International Airport">Voronezh International Airport</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Voronezh,bus_station.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Voronezh Bus Station"><img alt="Voronezh Bus Station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Voronezh%2Cbus_station.JPG/240px-Voronezh%2Cbus_station.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Voronezh%2Cbus_station.JPG/360px-Voronezh%2Cbus_station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Voronezh%2Cbus_station.JPG/480px-Voronezh%2Cbus_station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Voronezh Bus Station</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B62009.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Trolleybus in Voronezh"><img alt="A Trolleybus in Voronezh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B62009.JPG/269px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B62009.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B62009.JPG/404px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B62009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B62009.JPG/538px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B62009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Trolleybus in Voronezh</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is served by the <a href="/wiki/Voronezh_International_Airport" title="Voronezh International Airport">Voronezh International Airport</a>, which is located north of the city and is home to Polet Airlines. Voronezh is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Pridacha_Airport" title="Pridacha Airport">Pridacha Airport</a>, a part of a major aircraft manufacturing facility <a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Aircraft_Production_Association" title="Voronezh Aircraft Production Association">VASO</a> (<i>Voronezhskoye Aktsionernoye Samoletostroitelnoye Obshchestvo</i>, Voronezh aircraft production association) where the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">Tupolev Tu-144</a> (known in the West as the "Concordski"), was built and the only operational unit is still stored. Voronezh also hosts the <a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Malshevo" class="mw-redirect" title="Voronezh Malshevo">Voronezh Malshevo</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">air force</a> base in the southwest of the city, which, according to a <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Natural Resources Defense Council">Natural Resources Defense Council</a> report, houses <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_bomber" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear bomber">nuclear bombers</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rail services form a part of the <a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Railway_(Russia)" title="South Eastern Railway (Russia)">South Eastern Railway</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Railways" title="Russian Railways">Russian Railways</a>. Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kyiv, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov. The main train station is called <a href="/wiki/Voronezh-1_railway_station" title="Voronezh-1 railway station">Voronezh-1 railway station</a> and is located in the center of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three bus stations in Voronezh that connect the city with destinations including <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_culture">Education and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%A3_(%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%98)_-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%A3_%28%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%98%29_-2.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%A3_%28%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%98%29_-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%A3_%28%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%98%29_-2.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%A3_%28%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%98%29_-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%A3_%28%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%98%29_-2.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%A3_%28%D0%92%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%98%29_-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1840" /></a><figcaption>Voronezh State Medical University</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_parkway_in_Koltsovsky_Garden_Square,_Voronezh,_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/A_parkway_in_Koltsovsky_Garden_Square%2C_Voronezh%2C_Russia.jpg/220px-A_parkway_in_Koltsovsky_Garden_Square%2C_Voronezh%2C_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/A_parkway_in_Koltsovsky_Garden_Square%2C_Voronezh%2C_Russia.jpg/330px-A_parkway_in_Koltsovsky_Garden_Square%2C_Voronezh%2C_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/A_parkway_in_Koltsovsky_Garden_Square%2C_Voronezh%2C_Russia.jpg/440px-A_parkway_in_Koltsovsky_Garden_Square%2C_Voronezh%2C_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4889" data-file-height="3258" /></a><figcaption>Snow at night in a Voronezh park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%D0%92_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE..JPG/220px-%D0%92_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%D0%92_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE..JPG/330px-%D0%92_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%D0%92_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE..JPG/440px-%D0%92_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE..JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Aviastroiteley Park</figcaption></figure> <p>The city has seven theaters, twelve museums, a number of movie theaters, a philharmonic hall, and a circus. It is also a major center of higher education in central Russia. The main educational facilities include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_State_University" title="Voronezh State University">Voronezh State University</a></li> <li>Voronezh State Technical University</li> <li>Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction</li> <li>Voronezh State Pedagogical University</li> <li>Voronezh State Agricultural University</li> <li>Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_State_Medical_University_named_after_N._N._Burdenko" title="Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko">Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko</a></li> <li>Voronezh State Academy of Arts</li> <li>Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after <a href="/wiki/G.F._Morozov" class="mw-redirect" title="G.F. Morozov">G.F. Morozov</a></li> <li>Voronezh State Institute of Physical Training</li> <li>Voronezh Institute of Russia's Home Affairs Ministry</li> <li>Voronezh Institute of High Technologies</li> <li>Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force «N.E. Zhukovsky and Y.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plekhanov_Russian_University_of_Economics" title="Plekhanov Russian University of Economics">Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</a> (Voronezh branch)</li> <li>Russian State University of Justice<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Admiral Makarov State University of Sea and River Fleet (Voronezh branch)</li> <li>International Institute of Computer Technologies</li> <li>Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law</li></ul> <p>and a number of other affiliate and private-funded institutes and universities. There are 2000 schools within the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theaters">Theaters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Theaters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Voronezh Chamber Theatre<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Koltsov Academic Drama Theater<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_State_Theater_of_Opera" title="Voronezh State Theater of Opera">Voronezh State Opera and Ballet Theatre</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Shut Puppet Theater<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Platonov_Arts_Festival" title="Platonov Arts Festival">Platonov International Arts Festival</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Club</th> <th>Sport</th> <th>Founded</th> <th>Current League</th> <th>League<br />Rank</th> <th>Stadium </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FC_Fakel_Voronezh" title="FC Fakel Voronezh">Fakel Voronezh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td>1947 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Premier_League" title="Russian Premier League">Russian Premier League</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsentralnyi_Profsoyuz_Stadion_(Voronezh)" title="Tsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion (Voronezh)">Tsentralnyi Profsoyuz Stadion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FC_Energy_Voronezh" title="FC Energy Voronezh">Energy Voronezh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td>1989 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Women%27s_Football_Championship" title="Russian Women's Football Championship">Women's Premier League</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td>Rudgormash Stadium </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buran_Voronezh" title="Buran Voronezh">Buran Voronezh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_Hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice Hockey">Ice Hockey</a> </td> <td>1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Higher_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Hockey League">Higher Hockey League</a> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td>Yubileyny Sports Palace </td></tr> <tr> <td>VC Voronezh </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>Women's Higher Volleyball League A </td> <td>2nd </td> <td>Kristall Sports Complex </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Voronezh1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Voronezh1.jpg/220px-Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Voronezh1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Voronezh1.jpg/330px-Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Voronezh1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Voronezh1.jpg/440px-Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Voronezh1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Annunciation Orthodox Cathedral in Voronezh</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christianity</a> is the predominant religion in Voronezh.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There is an <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jewish</a> community in Voronezh, with a synagogue located on Stankevicha Street.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A notable <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Christian Armenian</a>, up to 4,000 individuals, is also present. </p><p>In 1682, the Voronezh diocese was formed to fight the schismatics. Its first head was Bishop <a href="/wiki/Mitrophan_of_Voronezh" title="Mitrophan of Voronezh">Mitrofan</a> (1623-1703) at the age of 58. Under him, the construction began on the new Annunciation Cathedral to replace the old one. In 1832, Mitrofan was <a href="/wiki/Canonized" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonized">glorified</a> as a saint by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>. </p><p>In the 1990s, many Orthodox churches were returned to the diocese. Their restoration was continued. In 2009, instead of the lost one, a new Annunciation Cathedral was built with a monument to St. Mitrofan erected next to it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cemeteries">Cemeteries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Cemeteries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are ten cemeteries in Voronezh: </p> <ul><li>Levoberezhnoye Cemetery</li> <li>Lesnoye Cemetery</li> <li>Jewish Cemetery</li> <li>Nikolskoye Cemetery</li> <li>Pravoberezhnoye Cemetery</li> <li>Budyonnovskoe Cemetery</li> <li>Yugo-Zapadnoye Cemetery</li> <li>Podgorenskоye Cemetery</li> <li>Kominternovskoe Cemetery</li></ul> <p>Ternovoye Cemetery is а historical site closed to the public. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Voronezh" title="List of people from Voronezh">List of people from Voronezh</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source:<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="background:#ffffef; float:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#811541"><span style="color:white;">Date</span> </th> <th style="background:#811541">  </th> <th style="background:#811541"><span style="color:white;">Sister City</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td style="background:#ffffcf;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wesermarsch" title="Wesermarsch">Wesermarsch</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td style="background:#ffffcf;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td style="background:#ffffcf;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td style="background:#ffffcf;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sliven" title="Sliven">Sliven</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td style="background:#ffffcf;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_radar" title="Voronezh radar">Voronezh radar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternatively <a href="/wiki/Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanized">romanized</a> as <b>Voronež</b> or <b>Voronège</b><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ref285-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref285_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref285_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref285_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref285_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref285_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref285_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref285_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #87-OZ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foundation1585-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Foundation1585_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foundation1585_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voronezh-city.ru/mat/history.doc"><bdi lang="ru">Историческая хроника</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(DOC)</span> (in Russian). Муниципальное учреждение культуры Централизованная библиотечная система города Воронежа Центральная городская библиотека имени А. Платонова. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184600/http://www.voronezh-city.ru/mat/history.doc">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%83%D1%87%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%90.+%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voronezh-city.ru%2Fmat%2Fhistory.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FoundationEarlier-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FoundationEarlier_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=386902"><bdi lang="ru">Воронеж может оказаться намного старше</bdi></a> (in Russian). Вести. August 19, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140913012022/http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=386902">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.date=2010-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vesti.ru%2Fdoc.html%3Fid%3D386902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voronezh-city.ru/city/history/">"История"</a>. <i>Voronezh-city.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110801232554/http://www.voronezh-city.ru/city/history/">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Voronezh-city.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voronezh-city.ru%2Fcity%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GKS-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GKS_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/munst/munst20/DBInet.cgi">"База данных показателей муниципальных образований"</a>. <i>Gks.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006134713/http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/munst/munst20/DBInet.cgi">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gks.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Fdbscripts%2Fmunst%2Fmunst20%2FDBInet.cgi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar">"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года"</a>. Federal State Statistics Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=26.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2018+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fdoc_2018%2Fbul_dr%2Fmun_obr2018.rar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref927-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref927_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref927_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref927_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #66-OZ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vremeni-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vremeni_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085">"Об исчислении времени"</a>. <i>Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации</i> (in Russian). June 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fdocbody%3D%26prevDoc%3D102483854%26backlink%3D1%26%26nd%3D102148085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090830143126/http://www.e-adres.ru/postcodes/3800347/">"Каталог компаний, справочник компаний России: Желтые страницы России - Евро Адрес"</a>. <i>E-adres.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-adres.ru/postcodes/3800347/">the original</a> on August 30, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=E-adres.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%3A+%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+-+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE+%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-adres.ru%2Fpostcodes%2F3800347%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kody.su/telcodes/russia/voronezh">"Телефонный код города Воронеж"</a>. <i>Kody.su</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151122220037/http://www.kody.su/telcodes/russia/voronezh">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kody.su&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kody.su%2Ftelcodes%2Frussia%2Fvoronezh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mir36.ru/news/events/den-goroda-voronezh-2015/">"День города Воронеж 2015"</a>. <i>Mir36.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150708063135/http://mir36.ru/news/events/den-goroda-voronezh-2015/">Archived</a> from the original on July 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mir36.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmir36.ru%2Fnews%2Fevents%2Fden-goroda-voronezh-2015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021Census-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn/2020/Tom1_Chislennost_i_razmeshchenie_naseleniya"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2020+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fvpn%2F2020%2FTom1_Chislennost_i_razmeshchenie_naseleniya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F3%2FMW165fr%2Fmw165fr.pdf">"Conférence régionale de la FAO pour l'Europe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conf%C3%A9rence+r%C3%A9gionale+de+la+FAO+pour+l%E2%80%99Europe&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2018-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.wikiwix.com%2Fcache%2Findex2.php%3Furl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.fao.org%252F3%252FMW165fr%252Fmw165fr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010Census-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]</bdi> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2Fperepis_itogi1612.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">В. П. Загоровский. "Воронежская историческая энциклопедия". Воронеж, 1992. Стр. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">А. З. Винников, А. Т. Синюк. "Дорогами тысячелетий: Археологи о древней истории Воронежского края". Издание 2-е. Воронеж, 2003. Стр. 185–187, 236–242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Н. А. Тропин. "Южные территории Чернигово-Рязанского порубежья в XII–XV вв." Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени доктора исторических наук. Москва, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">П. А. Попов. "Воронеж: древнее слово и древние города, а также древние леса и древние реки России". Воронеж, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Woroneż</i> (Wronasz) is shown on the <i>Woroneż</i> river by <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Maria_Kuczy%C5%84ski" title="Stefan Maria Kuczyński">Stefan Kuczyński</a> (1936) in a historical map of 15th-century Chernigov, <i><a href="/wiki/File:Ziemie_Czernihowsko-Siewierskie_w_XV_wieku.jpg" title="File:Ziemie Czernihowsko-Siewierskie w XV wieku.jpg">«Ziemie Czernihowsko-Siewierskie pod rządami Litwy»</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">В. П. Загоровский. "О древнем Воронеже и слове «Воронеж»". Издание 2-е. Воронеж, 1977.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира". Москва, 1998. Стр. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lazarev-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lazarev_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">А. Лазарев. "Тайна имени Воронежъ" (<i>The Mystery of the Name of Voronezh</i>). Воронеж, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">П. А. Попов. "Комплексный подход в топонимических исследованиях в связи с историей русского градостроительства (на примере Центрального Черноземья)". Девятые всероссийские краеведческие чтения (Москва – Воронеж, 15–19 мая 2015 г.). Москва; Воронеж, 2016. Стр. 423–434.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/File:Blaeu_1645_-_Russi%C3%A6_vulgo_Moscovia_pars_australis.jpg" title="File:Blaeu 1645 - Russiæ vulgo Moscovia pars australis.jpg">Russiæ, vulgo Moscovia, pars australis</a></i> in <i>Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sive Atlas Novus in quo Tabulæ et Descriptiones Omnium Regionum, Editæ a Guiljel et Ioanne Blaeu</i>, 1645.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alex Levin, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azrielifoundation.org/memoirs/books/under-the-yellow-and-red-stars/">Under The Yellow & Red Stars</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809010630/http://www.azrielifoundation.org/memoirs/books/under-the-yellow-and-red-stars/">Archived</a> August 9, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Azrieli_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Azrieli Foundation">Azrieli Foundation</a>, 2009), pp. 45ff., "The Suvorov Military School".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AP_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahlberg1989" class="citation news cs1">Dahlberg, John-Thor (October 11, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1917&dat=19891011&id=-xQxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y-AFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1042,2604606">"Voronzeh Scientist Quoted by TASS Casts Doubt on UFO Landing Story"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Voronzeh+Scientist+Quoted+by+TASS+Casts+Doubt+on+UFO+Landing+Story&rft.date=1989-10-11&rft.aulast=Dahlberg&rft.aufirst=John-Thor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1917%26dat%3D19891011%26id%3D-xQxAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3Dy-AFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1042%2C2604606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UPI-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UPI_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=860&dat=19891010&id=y4FUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Wo8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6525,5193036">"UFO lands in Russia? Writer now waffles"</a>. <i>United Press International</i>. October 10, 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=UFO+lands+in+Russia%3F+Writer+now+waffles&rft.date=1989-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D860%26dat%3D19891010%26id%3Dy4FUAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DWo8DAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6525%2C5193036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FeinTimes-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FeinTimes_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeinTimes1989" class="citation news cs1">Fein, Esther B.; Times, Special To The New York (October 11, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/11/world/ufo-landing-is-fact-not-fantasy-the-russians-insist.html">"U.F.O. Landing Is Fact, Not Fantasy, the Russians Insist"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313082815/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/11/world/ufo-landing-is-fact-not-fantasy-the-russians-insist.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.F.O.+Landing+Is+Fact%2C+Not+Fantasy%2C+the+Russians+Insist&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1989-10-11&rft.aulast=Fein&rft.aufirst=Esther+B.&rft.au=Times%2C+Special+To+The+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F10%2F11%2Fworld%2Fufo-landing-is-fact-not-fantasy-the-russians-insist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Интерактивная карта подготовки к 425-летию основания Воронежа (рус.). Сайт администрации города Воронеж (31.08.11). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%AF+%D0%96%D0%98%D0%97%D0%9D%D0%AC+%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%96%D0%90+%D0%92+%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%99+%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%95+XVII+%D0%92%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%90&rft.date=2016-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnashahistory.ru%2Fmaterials%2Fpovsednevnaya-zhizn-voronezha-v-pervoy-polovine-xvii-veka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Urban planning of the Moscow state in the 16th - 17th centuries. pp.82-85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=22143&cityname=Voronezh,+Voronezj,+Russia&units=">"Voronezh, Russia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)"</a>. <i>Weatherbase</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214142046/https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=22143&cityname=Voronezh,+Voronezj,+Russia&units=">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voronez+%28Voronezh%29+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1961-1990%2FTABLES%2FREG_VI%2FRE%2F34122.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630062522/http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/wokzal_voronezh.html">"Жд вокзал Воронеж | Оригинал жд билета | Жд билеты | Международный аэропорт "Стригино" г. Нижний Новгород, РЖД билет, купить ж д билет, рейсы самолетов в нижний новгород, телефоны справочного бюро аэропорта стригино, заказ ж/д билетов, стоимость жд билетов, билеты на поезд, бронирование, авиарейсы - Аэропорт Нижний Новгород - Нижегородский аэропорт - сайт аэропорта нижний новгород стригино - МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ АЭРОПОРТ НИЖНИЙ НОВГОРОД"</a>. <i>Nnov-airport.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/wokzal_voronezh.html">the original</a> on June 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chambervrn.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchambervrn.ru%2Fo-teatre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voronezhdrama.ru/">"Воронежский Академический Театр драмы им. А. Кольцова"</a>. <i>Voronezhdrama.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710024006/http://www.voronezhdrama.ru/">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Voronezhdrama.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80+%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%B8%D0%BC.+%D0%90.+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voronezhdrama.ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatre-vrn.ru/">"Воронежский государственный театр оперы и балета – официальный сайт"</a>. <i>Theatre-vrn.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150724215518/http://www.theatre-vrn.ru/">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theatre-vrn.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatre-vrn.ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.puppet-shut.ru/">".:. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Puppet-shut.ru&rft.atitle=.%3A.+%C3%92%C3%A5%C3%A0%C3%B2%C3%B0+%C3%8A%C3%B3%C3%AA%C3%AE%C3%AB+-+%22%C3%98%C3%93%C3%92%22+.%3A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.puppet-shut.ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://platonovfest.com/festival">"Фестиваль"</a>. <i>Platonovfest.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150703221033/http://platonovfest.com/festival">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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October 20, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160601150548/http://rg.ru/2014/10/20/reg-cfo/sinagoga.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=evrei-vrn.ru&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+Community+of+Voronezh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fevrei-vrn.ru%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFРациональная_маршрутная_сеть" class="citation web cs1">Рациональная маршрутная сеть. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voronezh-city.ru/index.php?r=hist&d=613">"Воронеж: официальный сайт администрации городского округа"</a>. Voronezh-city.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102063412/https://voronezh-city.ru/index.php?r=hist&d=613">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%3A+%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft.pub=Voronezh-city.ru&rft.au=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voronezh-city.ru%2Findex.php%3Fr%3Dhist%26d%3D613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091221081618/http://www.larazon.es/noticia/ciudades-y-pueblos-se-benefician-del-hermanamiento-con-otros-territorios">"Ciudades y pueblos se benefician del hermanamiento con otros territorios"</a>. Larazon.es. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larazon.es/noticia/ciudades-y-pueblos-se-benefician-del-hermanamiento-con-otros-territorios">the original</a> on December 21, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ciudades+y+pueblos+se+benefician+del+hermanamiento+con+otros+territorios&rft.pub=Larazon.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larazon.es%2Fnoticia%2Fciudades-y-pueblos-se-benefician-del-hermanamiento-con-otros-territorios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoronezh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Воронежская областная Дума. Закон №87-ОЗ от 27 октября 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Воронежской области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Закона №41-ОЗ от 13 апреля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Воронежской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Воронежской области и порядке его изменения"». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Молодой коммунар", №123, 3 ноября 2006 г.</span></span> (Voronezh Oblast Duma. Law #87-OZ of October 27, 2006 <i>On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Voronezh Oblast and on the Procedures of Changing It</i>, as amended by the Law #41-OZ of April 13, 2015 <i>On Amending the Law of Voronezh Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Voronezh Oblast and on the Procedures of Changing It"</i>. Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Воронежская областная Дума. Закон №66-ОЗ от 31 октября 2005 г. «О наделении муниципального образования город Воронеж статусом городского округа». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования (18 ноября 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Коммуна", №171, 8 ноября 2005 г.</span></span> (Voronezh Oblast Duma. Law #66-OZ of October 31, 2005 <i>On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the City of Voronezh</i>. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication date (November 18, 2005).).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading_and_cultural_references">Further reading and cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading and cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Voronezh#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Voronezh">Bibliography of the history of Voronezh</a></div> <ul><li>Charlotte Hobson's book, <i>Black Earth City</i>, is an account of life in Voronezh at the time of the fall of the Soviet Union based on her experiences after spending a year in Voronezh as a foreign student in 1991–1992.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadezhda_Mandelstam" title="Nadezhda Mandelstam">Nadezhda Mandelstam</a>'s <i>Hope Against Hope</i>, the first volume of her memoirs concerning her husband, the poet <a href="/wiki/Osip_Mandelstam" title="Osip Mandelstam">Osip Mandelstam</a>, provides many details about life in Voronezh in the 1930s under <a href="/wiki/Stalinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalinist">Stalinist</a> rule.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sillitoe" title="Alan Sillitoe">Alan Sillitoe</a>, the English writer, published a collection of poems entitled <i>Love in the Environs of Voronezh and Other Poems</i> in 1968.</li> <li>In the song <i>Red Army Blues</i> by <a href="/wiki/The_Waterboys" title="The Waterboys">the Waterboys</a>, on the album <i><a href="/wiki/A_Pagan_Place" title="A Pagan Place">A Pagan Place</a>,</i> there is a line "Took the train to Voronezh, that was as far as it would go."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voronezh&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Voronezh" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Voronezh">Voronezh</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Voronezh#Q3426" class="extiw" title="voy:Voronezh">Voronezh</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150102190817/http://www.voronezh-city.ru/en/">Official website of Voronezh</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voronezh-city.ru/">Official website of Voronezh</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Voronezh_Oblast" title="Template:Voronezh Oblast"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Voronezh_Oblast" title="Template talk:Voronezh Oblast"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Voronezh_Oblast" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Voronezh Oblast"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Voronezh_Oblast" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Voronezh Oblast">Administrative divisions of Voronezh Oblast</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">Administrative center</a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Voronezh</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Voronezh_Oblast" title="List of rural localities in Voronezh Oblast">Rural localities</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobrov,_Bobrovsky_District,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Bobrov, Bobrovsky District, Voronezh Oblast">Bobrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boguchar" title="Boguchar">Boguchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borisoglebsk" title="Borisoglebsk">Borisoglebsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buturlinovka" title="Buturlinovka">Buturlinovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertil,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Ertil, Voronezh Oblast">Ertil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalach,_Kalacheyevsky_District,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Kalach, Kalacheyevsky District, Voronezh Oblast">Kalach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liski,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Liski, Voronezh Oblast">Liski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novokhopyorsk" title="Novokhopyorsk">Novokhopyorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novovoronezh" title="Novovoronezh">Novovoronezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogozhsk" title="Ostrogozhsk">Ostrogozhsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlovsk,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Pavlovsk, Voronezh Oblast">Pavlovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povorino" title="Povorino">Povorino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossosh,_Rossoshansky_District,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Rossosh, Rossoshansky District, Voronezh Oblast">Rossosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiluki" title="Semiluki">Semiluki</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Voronezh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anninsky_District" title="Anninsky District">Anninsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobrovsky_District" title="Bobrovsky District">Bobrovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogucharsky_District" title="Bogucharsky District">Bogucharsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buturlinovsky_District" title="Buturlinovsky District">Buturlinovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertilsky_District" title="Ertilsky District">Ertilsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gribanovsky_District" title="Gribanovsky District">Gribanovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalacheyevsky_District" title="Kalacheyevsky District">Kalacheyevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamensky_District,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Kamensky District, Voronezh Oblast">Kamensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantemirovsky_District" title="Kantemirovsky District">Kantemirovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashirsky_District,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Kashirsky District, Voronezh Oblast">Kashirsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khokholsky_District" title="Khokholsky District">Khokholsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liskinsky_District" title="Liskinsky District">Liskinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhnedevitsky_District" title="Nizhnedevitsky District">Nizhnedevitsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novokhopyorsky_District" title="Novokhopyorsky District">Novokhopyorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novousmansky_District" title="Novousmansky District">Novousmansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olkhovatsky_District" title="Olkhovatsky District">Olkhovatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogozhsky_District" title="Ostrogozhsky District">Ostrogozhsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paninsky_District" title="Paninsky District">Paninsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlovsky_District,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Pavlovsky District, Voronezh Oblast">Pavlovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petropavlovsky_District,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Petropavlovsky District, Voronezh Oblast">Petropavlovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podgorensky_District" title="Podgorensky District">Podgorensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povorinsky_District" title="Povorinsky District">Povorinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramonsky_District" title="Ramonsky District">Ramonsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repyovsky_District" title="Repyovsky District">Repyovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossoshansky_District" title="Rossoshansky District">Rossoshansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiluksky_District" title="Semiluksky District">Semiluksky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talovsky_District" title="Talovsky District">Talovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternovsky_District" title="Ternovsky District">Ternovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhnekhavsky_District" title="Verkhnekhavsky District">Verkhnekhavsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkhnemamonsky_District" title="Verkhnemamonsky District">Verkhnemamonsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorobyovsky_District" title="Vorobyovsky District">Vorobyovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Urban-type settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Anna, Voronezh Oblast">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davydovka" title="Davydovka">Davydovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gribanovsky_(urban-type_settlement)" title="Gribanovsky (urban-type settlement)">Gribanovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamenka,_Kamensky_District,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Kamenka, Kamensky District, Voronezh Oblast">Kamenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantemirovka" title="Kantemirovka">Kantemirovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khokholsky_(urban_locality)" title="Khokholsky (urban locality)">Khokholsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latnaya" title="Latnaya">Latnaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Kislyay" title="Nizhny Kislyay">Nizhny Kislyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novokhopyorsky_(urban_locality)" title="Novokhopyorsky (urban locality)">Novokhopyorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olkhovatka,_Olkhovatsky_District,_Voronezh_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Olkhovatka, Olkhovatsky District, Voronezh Oblast">Olkhovatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panino,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Panino, Voronezh Oblast">Panino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perelyoshinsky" title="Perelyoshinsky">Perelyoshinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podgorensky_(urban-type_settlement)" title="Podgorensky (urban-type settlement)">Podgorensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon,_Russia" title="Ramon, Russia">Ramon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strelitsa" title="Strelitsa">Strelitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talovaya,_Talovsky_District,_Voronezh_Oblast" title="Talovaya, Talovsky District, Voronezh Oblast">Talovaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelan-Kolenovsky" title="Yelan-Kolenovsky">Yelan-Kolenovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_of_Military_Glory_of_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_of_Military_Glory" title="Template:Cities of Military Glory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_of_Military_Glory" title="Template talk:Cities of Military Glory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_of_Military_Glory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities of Military Glory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_of_Military_Glory_of_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Military_Glory" title="City of Military Glory">Cities of Military Glory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitrov" title="Dmitrov">Dmitrov</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feodosia" title="Feodosia">Feodosia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalach-na-Donu" title="Kalach-na-Donu">Kalach-na-Donu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozelsk" title="Kozelsk">Kozelsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt" title="Kronstadt">Kronstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luga,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Luga, Leningrad Oblast">Luga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malgobek" title="Malgobek">Malgobek</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melitopol" title="Melitopol">Melitopol</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naro-Fominsk" title="Naro-Fominsk">Naro-Fominsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyarny,_Murmansk_Oblast" title="Polyarny, Murmansk Oblast">Polyarny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzhev" title="Rzhev">Rzhev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staraya_Russa" title="Staraya Russa">Staraya Russa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taganrog" title="Taganrog">Taganrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhvin" title="Tikhvin">Tikhvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuapse" title="Tuapse">Tuapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velikiye_Luki" title="Velikiye Luki">Velikiye Luki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volokolamsk" title="Volokolamsk">Volokolamsk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Voronezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyazma" title="Vyazma">Vyazma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyborg" title="Vyborg">Vyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelets" title="Yelets">Yelets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelnya,_Yelninsky_District,_Smolensk_Oblast" title="Yelnya, Yelninsky District, Smolensk Oblast">Yelnya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>In italics are cities internationally recognized as part of Ukraine occupied by Russia.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3426#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3426#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3426#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcKKYV9rMTQYb7dvBrcyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4108743-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79150484">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12299965w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12299965w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Voroněž (Rusko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge138802&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554968805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/56d11c4c-0e8e-4b73-80a0-dbac31817e15">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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