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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Edmonson sisters</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary%26EmilyEdmonson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mary Edmonson standing next to Emily Edmonson seated" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Mary%26EmilyEdmonson.jpg/220px-Mary%26EmilyEdmonson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Mary%26EmilyEdmonson.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="320" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a> of Mary (standing) and Emily Edmonson (seated), shortly after they were freed in 1848</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Abolitionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionist">Abolitionists</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Participating in the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_incident" title="Pearl incident"><i>Pearl</i> incident</a></li><li>Being freed from slavery by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ward_Beecher" title="Henry Ward Beecher">Henry Ward Beecher</a> and his congregation</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Mary Edmonson</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1832<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1832</span>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery County, Maryland</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1853 (aged 20–21)<br /><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oberlin,_Ohio" title="Oberlin, Ohio">Oberlin, Ohio</a>, US</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Emily Edmonson</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1835<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1835</span>)</span><br />Montgomery County, Maryland, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 15, 1895 (aged 59–60)<br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Larkin Johnson</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1860)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mary Edmonson</b> (1832–1853) and <b>Emily Edmonson</b> (1835 – September 15, 1895), "two respectable young women of light complexion",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African Americans</a> who became <a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">celebrities</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">United States abolitionist movement</a> after gaining their <a href="/wiki/Freedom_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom (political)">freedom</a> from <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="History of slavery in the United States">slavery</a>. On April 15, 1848, they were among the 77 slaves who tried to escape from <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, on the schooner <a href="/wiki/Pearl_incident" title="Pearl incident"><i>The Pearl</i></a> to sail up the Chesapeake Bay to freedom in New Jersey. </p><p>Although that effort failed, they were freed from slavery by funds raised by the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregational</a> <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Church_(Brooklyn)" title="Plymouth Church (Brooklyn)">Plymouth Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, New York">Brooklyn, New York</a>, whose pastor was <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ward_Beecher" title="Henry Ward Beecher">Henry Ward Beecher</a>, a prominent abolitionist. After gaining freedom, the Edmonsons were supported to go to school; they also worked. They campaigned with Beecher throughout the North for the end of slavery in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-wwas_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Edmonson sisters were the daughters of Paul and Amelia Edmonson, a free black man and an enslaved woman in <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery County, Maryland</a>. Mary and Emily were two of 13 or 14 children who survived to adulthood, all of whom were born into slavery. Since the 17th century, law common to all <a href="/wiki/Slave_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave state">slave states</a> decreed that the children of an enslaved mother inherited their mother's <a href="/wiki/Legal_status" title="Legal status">legal status</a>, by the principle of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Partus_sequitur_ventrem" title="Partus sequitur ventrem">partus sequitur ventrem</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MaryEmily_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaryEmily-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their father, Paul Edmonson, was <a href="/wiki/Manumission" title="Manumission">set free</a> by his owner's will. Maryland was a state with a high percentage of free black people. Most descended from enslaved people freed in the first two decades after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, when enslavers were encouraged to manumission by the principles of the war and <a href="/wiki/Activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Activist">activist</a> Quaker and Methodist preachers. By 1810, more than 10 percent of black people in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper South">Upper South</a> were free, with most of them in Maryland and Delaware.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1860, 49.7 percent of black people in Maryland were free.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edmonson purchased land in the <a href="/wiki/Norbeck,_Maryland" title="Norbeck, Maryland">Norbeck</a> area of Montgomery County, where he farmed and established his family. Amelia was allowed to live with her husband, but continued to work for her master. The couple's children began work at an early age as <a href="/wiki/Servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Servant">servants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laborer" title="Laborer">laborers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skilled_worker" title="Skilled worker">skilled workers</a>. From about the ages of 13 or 14, they were "hired out" to work in elite private homes in nearby <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, under a type of lease arrangement, where their wages went to the slaveholder.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This practice of "hiring out" grew from the shift away from the formerly labor-intensive tobacco plantation system, leaving planters in this part of the United States with surplus enslaved people. They hired out enslaved people or sold them to traders for the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a>. Many enslaved people worked as servants in homes and hotels of the capital. Men were sometimes hired out as craftsmen, artisans or to work at the ports on the Potomac River. </p><p>By 1848 four of the older Edmonson sisters had bought their freedom (with the help of husbands and family), but the master had decided against allowing any more of the siblings to do so. Six were hired out for his benefit, including the two youngest sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricks_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricks-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Escape_attempt">Escape attempt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Escape attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pearl_incident" title="Pearl incident">Pearl incident</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EdmonsonSistersBronze,_1701_Duke_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/EdmonsonSistersBronze%2C_1701_Duke_Street.jpg/150px-EdmonsonSistersBronze%2C_1701_Duke_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/EdmonsonSistersBronze%2C_1701_Duke_Street.jpg/225px-EdmonsonSistersBronze%2C_1701_Duke_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/EdmonsonSistersBronze%2C_1701_Duke_Street.jpg/300px-EdmonsonSistersBronze%2C_1701_Duke_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Detail of Edmonson Sisters sculpture (2010) in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On April 15, 1848, the <a href="/wiki/Schooner" title="Schooner">schooner</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Pearl_incident" title="Pearl incident">Pearl</a></i> docked at a Washington <a href="/wiki/Wharf" title="Wharf">wharf</a>. The Edmonson sisters and four of their brothers joined a large group of enslaved people (a total of 77) in an attempt to escape on the <i>Pearl</i> to freedom in New Jersey. The escape had been planned by two white abolitionists, <a href="/wiki/William_L._Chaplin" title="William L. Chaplin">William L. Chaplin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerrit_Smith" title="Gerrit Smith">Gerrit Smith</a>, and two free black men in Washington, including <a href="/wiki/Paul_Jennings_(abolitionist)" title="Paul Jennings (abolitionist)">Paul Jennings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting as a modest attempt of escape for seven slaves, the effort had been widely communicated and organized within the communities of free black people and enslaved people, changing it to a major and unified effort, without the knowledge of the white organizers or crew. In 1848 free black people outnumbered enslaved people in the District of Columbia by three to one; the community demonstrated it could act in a unified way.<sup id="cite_ref-Corrigan_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corrigan-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seventy-seven slaves boarded the <i>Pearl</i>, which was to sail down the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> and up the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Delaware_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Chesapeake and Delaware Canal">Chesapeake and Delaware Canal</a>, from where they would travel up the Delaware River to freedom in New Jersey, a total of 225 miles. At the time, Emily was 13 years old and Mary was 15 or 16.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Pearl</i>, with the <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugitive slaves">fugitives</a> hidden among boxes, began its way down the Potomac. It was delayed overnight by the shift in tides and then had to wait out rough weather from its anchor down the bay. In Washington the alarm was raised in the morning, as numerous slaveholders found their enslaved people had escaped. Historical accounts conflict and are not clear as to what details were known. Slaveholders put together an armed posse that went downriver on a <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a>. The steamboat caught up with the <i>Pearl</i> at <a href="/wiki/Point_Lookout,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Point Lookout, Maryland">Point Lookout, Maryland</a>, and the posse seized it, towing the ship and its valuable human cargo back to Washington, DC. If the posse had gone north to Baltimore, another likely escape route, the <i>Pearl</i> might have gotten away and reached its destination.<sup id="cite_ref-Josephine_F._Pacheco_2005,_pp.57-58_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josephine_F._Pacheco_2005,_pp.57-58-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <i>Pearl</i> arrived in Washington, a mob awaited the ship. Daniel Drayton and Edward Sayres, the two <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a> captains, had to be taken into safety as pro-slavery people attacked them for threatening their control of property. The fugitive enslaved people were taken to a local <a href="/wiki/Jail" class="mw-redirect" title="Jail">jail</a>. It was later reported that when somebody from the crowd asked the Edmonson girls if they were ashamed for what they had done, Emily replied proudly that they would do exactly the same thing again.<sup id="cite_ref-Josephine_F._Pacheco_2005,_pp.57-58_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josephine_F._Pacheco_2005,_pp.57-58-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three days of <a href="/wiki/Riot" title="Riot">riots</a> and disturbances followed, as pro-slavery agitators attacked anti-slavery offices and presses in the city in an attempt to suppress the abolitionist movement. Most of the masters of the fugitive enslaved people decided to sell them quickly to slave traders, rather than provide another chance to escape. Fifty of the enslaved people were transported by train to Baltimore, from where they were sold and transported to the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Josephine_F._Pacheco_2005,_pp.57-58_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josephine_F._Pacheco_2005,_pp.57-58-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Orleans">New Orleans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New Orleans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruin%27s_Slave_Jail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bruin%27s_Slave_Jail.jpg/220px-Bruin%27s_Slave_Jail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bruin%27s_Slave_Jail.jpg/330px-Bruin%27s_Slave_Jail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bruin%27s_Slave_Jail.jpg/440px-Bruin%27s_Slave_Jail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1818" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Bruin's Slave Jail in Alexandria, where the sisters were held</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite Paul Edmonson's desperate efforts to delay the sale of his children so he could raise sufficient money to purchase their freedom, the slave trading partners Bruin & Hill from <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a>, bought the six Edmonson siblings. Under inhumane conditions, the siblings were transported by ship to <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans</a>, where they were set at a very high price—$1,200 each.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Orleans was the largest slave market in the nation, and well known for selling "fancy girls" (light-skinned enslaved young women) as <a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">sex slaves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nathans_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nathans-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hamilton Edmonson, the eldest of the siblings, had already been living as a freeman for several years. He worked as a <a href="/wiki/Cooper_(profession)" title="Cooper (profession)">cooper</a>. With the help of donations from a <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of religion">minister</a> arranged by their father, Hamilton arranged for the purchase of his brother Samuel Edmonson by a prosperous <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> <a href="/wiki/Merchant" title="Merchant">merchant</a> to work as his <a href="/wiki/Butler" title="Butler">butler</a>. When the merchant died in 1853, Samuel moved with that family and its other slaves to what is now the 1850 House in the Pontalba Buildings on Jackson Square.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Potomac_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potomac-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In New Orleans, the other siblings were forced to stay for days in an open <a href="/wiki/Porch" title="Porch">porch</a> facing the street waiting for buyers. The sisters were handled brusquely and exposed to obscene comments. Before the family could rescue the remainder of its members, a <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> epidemic erupted in New Orleans. The slave traders transported the Edmonson sisters back to Alexandria as a measure to protect their investments.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Potomac_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potomac-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ephraim Edmonson and John Edmonson, two other brothers who had tried to escape on the <i>Pearl</i>, were kept in New Orleans. Their brother Hamilton worked for and eventually obtained their purchase and freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-Potomac_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potomac-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Henry_Ward_Beecher">Henry Ward Beecher</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Henry Ward Beecher"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Alexandria, the Edmonson sisters were hired out to do <a href="/wiki/Laundry" title="Laundry">laundering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ironing" title="Ironing">ironing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">sewing</a>, with wages going to the slave traders. They were locked up at night. Paul Edmonson continued his campaign to free his daughters while Bruin & Hill demanded <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>2,250 for their release.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With letters from <a href="/wiki/Washington-Arlington-Alexandria,_DC-VA-MD-WV_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA">Washington-area</a> supporters, Paul Edmonson met <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ward_Beecher" title="Henry Ward Beecher">Henry Ward Beecher</a>, a young <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Preacher" title="Preacher">preacher</a> with a church in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York who was known to support abolitionism. Beecher's church members raised the funds to purchase the Edmonson sisters and give them freedom. Accompanied by William L. Chaplin, a white abolitionist who had helped pay for the <i>Pearl</i> for the escape attempt, Beecher went to Washington to arrange the transaction.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mary Edmonson and Emily Edmonson were <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">emancipated</a> on November 4, 1848. The family gathered for a celebration at another sister's house in Washington. <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Church_of_the_Pilgrims" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth Church of the Pilgrims">Beecher's church</a> continued to contribute money to send the sisters to school for their education. They first enrolled at <a href="/wiki/New_York_Central_College" title="New York Central College">New York Central College</a>, an interracial institution in <a href="/wiki/Cortland_County,_New_York" title="Cortland County, New York">Cortland County, New York</a>. They also worked as cleaning servants to support themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While studying, the sisters participated in anti-slavery rallies around New York state. The story of their slavery, escape attempt, and suffering was often repeated. Beecher's son and biographer recorded that "this case at the time attracted wide attention."<sup id="cite_ref-wwas_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the rallies, the Edmonson sisters participated in <a href="/wiki/Mock_auction" title="Mock auction">mock</a> <a href="/wiki/Slave_auction" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave auction">slave auctions</a> designed by Beecher to attract publicity to the abolitionist cause. In describing the role that women such as the Edmonson sisters played in such well-publicized political <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theater</a>, a scholar at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland</a> asserted in 2002: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Beecher staged his most successful auctions using attractive <a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">mulatto</a> women or female children (such as the Edmonson sisters, or the beautiful little girl, Pinky, who, according to Beecher, "No one would know from a white child"), making a material choice in "casting" his political protest that was calculated to arouse the audience's interest. As he displayed the women's bodies on the stage, Beecher exhorted his audience to imagine the fate that awaited these young women, or "marketable <a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">commodities</a>", as he termed them, in the fancy girl auctions of New Orleans. His casting choices could only work with beautiful, fair-skinned women.<sup id="cite_ref-nathans_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nathans-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fugitive_Slave_Convention">Fugitive Slave Convention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fugitive Slave Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ezra_Greenleaf_Weld_(American_-_Fugitive_Slave_Law_Convention,_Cazenovia,_New_York_-_Google_Art_Project_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ezra_Greenleaf_Weld_%28American_-_Fugitive_Slave_Law_Convention%2C_Cazenovia%2C_New_York_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/333px-Ezra_Greenleaf_Weld_%28American_-_Fugitive_Slave_Law_Convention%2C_Cazenovia%2C_New_York_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="333" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ezra_Greenleaf_Weld_%28American_-_Fugitive_Slave_Law_Convention%2C_Cazenovia%2C_New_York_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Ezra_Greenleaf_Weld_%28American_-_Fugitive_Slave_Law_Convention%2C_Cazenovia%2C_New_York_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ezra_Greenleaf_Weld_%28American_-_Fugitive_Slave_Law_Convention%2C_Cazenovia%2C_New_York_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/666px-Ezra_Greenleaf_Weld_%28American_-_Fugitive_Slave_Law_Convention%2C_Cazenovia%2C_New_York_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2326" data-file-height="1839" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a> taken by <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Greenleaf_Weld" title="Ezra Greenleaf Weld">Ezra Greenleaf Weld</a> at the 1850 <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Convention" title="Fugitive Slave Convention">Fugitive Slave Convention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cazenovia,_New_York" title="Cazenovia, New York">Cazenovia, New York</a>. The Edmonson sisters are standing wearing bonnets and shawls in the row behind the seated speakers. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a> is seated, with Gerritt Smith standing behind him.</figcaption></figure> <p>In summer 1850, the Edmonson sisters attended the <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Convention" title="Fugitive Slave Convention">Fugitive Slave Convention</a>, an anti-slavery meeting in <a href="/wiki/Cazenovia,_New_York" title="Cazenovia, New York">Cazenovia, New York</a>, organized by local abolitionist <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dwight_Weld" title="Theodore Dwight Weld">Theodore Dwight Weld</a> and others, to demonstrate against the <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugitive Slave Act">Fugitive Slave Act</a>, soon to be passed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a>. Under this act, slave owners had powers to arrest fugitive slaves in the North. The convention declared all slaves to be <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a> and warned the nation of an unavoidable <a href="/wiki/Insurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurrection">insurrection</a> of slaves unless they were emancipated.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rootsweb_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rootsweb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At this convention, the sisters were included in a historic <a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">daguerreotype</a> <a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">photograph</a> taken by Theodore Dwight Weld's brother, <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Greenleaf_Weld" title="Ezra Greenleaf Weld">Ezra Greenleaf Weld</a>. Also included in the picture is the legendary orator <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rootsweb_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rootsweb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there were many slaves "whom it was impossible to tell from a white", the Edmonson sisters' <a href="/wiki/Mixed-race" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed-race">mixed-race</a> appearance may have well suited their role as two of the "public faces" of American slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-wwas_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oberlin_College">Oberlin College</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Oberlin College"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1853, the Edmonson sisters attended the Young Ladies Preparatory School at <a href="/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin College</a> in Ohio through the support of Beecher and his sister, <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a>, author of <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i>. Since shortly after its founding in the 1830s, the school had admitted blacks as well as whites, and was a center of abolitionist activism. Six months after arriving at Oberlin, Mary Edmonson died of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That same year, Stowe included part of the Edmonson sisters' history with other factual accounts of slavery experiences in <i><a href="/wiki/A_Key_to_Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin">A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Normal_School_for_Colored_Girls">Normal School for Colored Girls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Normal School for Colored Girls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eighteen-year-old Emily returned to Washington with her father, where she enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/Normal_School_for_Colored_Girls" title="Normal School for Colored Girls">Normal School for Colored Girls</a> (now known as <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="University of the District of Columbia">University of the District of Columbia</a>). Located near the current <a href="/wiki/Dupont_Circle" title="Dupont Circle">Dupont Circle</a>, the school trained young African-American women to become <a href="/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher">teachers</a>. For protection, the Edmonson family moved to a cabin on the grounds. Emily and <a href="/wiki/Myrtilla_Miner" title="Myrtilla Miner">Myrtilla Miner</a>, the founder of the school, learned to <a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">shoot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emily taught for black women and continued her abolitionist work.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At age 25 in 1860, Emily Edmonson married Larkin Johnson. They returned to the <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Spring,_Maryland" title="Sandy Spring, Maryland">Sandy Spring, Maryland</a>, area and lived there for twelve years before moving to <a href="/wiki/Anacostia" title="Anacostia">Anacostia</a> in Washington, DC. There they purchased land and became founding members of the Hillsdale community. At least one of their children was born in Montgomery County before their move to Anacostia.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edmonson maintained her relationship with fellow Anacostia resident <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a>, and both continued working in the abolitionist movement. Even after the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th Amendment</a>, they remained so close that Emily's granddaughters observed that they were like "brother and sister". Emily Edmonson Johnson died at her home on September 15, 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-comm_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2010, the city of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a>, named a park on Duke Street as Edmonson Plaza after the two sisters. It is near a former slave trader's facility and other historical sites associated with slavery.</li> <li>2010, a 10-foot-tall (3.0 m) bronze sculpture of the two sisters by the sculptor Erik Blome was installed at Edmonson Plaza at 1701 Duke Street in Alexandria, next to the site that was Bruin & Hill's slave-holding facility (now a private office).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_representation">Other representation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1992, Judlyne A. Lilly's play <i>The Pearl</i>, which drew on the writings of <a href="/wiki/John_H._Paynter" title="John H. Paynter">John H. Paynter</a> (a descendant of one of the <i>Pearl</i> fugitives), was given its première by The Source Theatre in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-Corrigan_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corrigan-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slave_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugitive slave laws">Fugitive slave laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_slaves" title="List of slaves">List of slaves</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/saxon/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=utc/xml/pretexts/christn/char12a.xml&style=utc/xsl/utcprint.xsl&print=yes&clear-stylesheet-cache=yes">"The Edmonson Sisters"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 1848-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+Slaves&rft.pub=The+Multiracial+Activist&rft.date=2001-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmultiracial.com%2Findex.php%2F2001%2F10%2F01%2Fwhite-slaves%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmonson+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.syr.edu/digital/exhibits/u/undergroundrr">"Syracuse and the Underground Railroad, An exhibition of the Special Collections Research Center"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a> Library. 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Paynter, <i>Fugitives of the Pearl</i>, Washington D.C.: Associated Publishers (1930); and Mary Kay Ricks, "A Passage to Freedom", <i>Washington Post Magazine</i> (February 17, 2002): 21–36.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaryEmily-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MaryEmily_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722053920/http://www.potomacheritage.org/sojourn/sojournal.asp?eid=34&vid=1">"Mary and Emily Edmonson"</a>. <i>The Sojourn Journals</i>. potomacheritage.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.potomacheritage.org/sojourn/sojournal.asp?eid=34&vid=1">the original</a> on July 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sojourn+Journals&rft.atitle=Mary+and+Emily+Edmonson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.potomacheritage.org%2Fsojourn%2Fsojournal.asp%3Feid%3D34%26vid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmonson+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Kolchin, <i>American Slavery: 1619-1877</i>, New York: Hill and Wang, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kolchin, <i>American Slavery: 1619-1877</i>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ricks-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ricks_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Kay Ricks, <i>Escape on the Pearl: The Heroic Bid for Freedom on the Underground Railroad</i> (HarperCollins Publishers, January 2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-078660-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-078660-4">0-06-078660-4</a>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Historical_Society" class="citation web cs1">New York Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030233548/http://staging.nyhistory.org/sites/default/files/newfiles/cwh-curriculum/Module%202/Life%20Stories/Edmonson%20Sisters%20Life%20Story.pdf?_ga=2.259096330.1875335688.1533056401-7250932.1515255591">"The Edmonson Sisters Life Story"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://staging.nyhistory.org/sites/default/files/newfiles/cwh-curriculum/Module%202/Life%20Stories/Edmonson%20Sisters%20Life%20Story.pdf?_ga=2.259096330.1875335688.1533056401-7250932.1515255591">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2021-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Edmonson+Sisters+Life+Story&rft.au=New+York+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstaging.nyhistory.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fnewfiles%2Fcwh-curriculum%2FModule%25202%2FLife%2520Stories%2FEdmonson%2520Sisters%2520Life%2520Story.pdf%3F_ga%3D2.259096330.1875335688.1533056401-7250932.1515255591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmonson+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Corrigan-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Corrigan_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Corrigan_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=11612">Mary Beth Corrigan, "The Legacy and Significance of a Failed Mass Slave Escape"</a>, H-Net Reviews: Josephine Pacheco, <i>The Pearl: A Failed Slave Escape on the Potomac</i>, April 2006, accessed January 12, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Josephine_F._Pacheco_2005,_pp.57-58-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Josephine_F._Pacheco_2005,_pp.57-58_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Josephine_F._Pacheco_2005,_pp.57-58_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Josephine_F._Pacheco_2005,_pp.57-58_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">[Josephine F. Pacheco, <i>The Pearl</i>], Raleigh, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2005, pp. 57–58, accessed January 12, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nathans-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nathans_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nathans_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathans2002" class="citation web cs1">Nathans, Heather S. (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland</a>) (November 16, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060813090539/http://www.astr.org/conference2002/04/astr_conference.htm">"Casting the Civil War: The "Slave Auctions" of Henry Ward Beecher"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Seminar Abstracts</i>. ASTR Conference. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astr.org/conference2002/04/astr_conference.htm">the original</a> on August 13, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seminar+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Casting+the+Civil+War%3A+The+%22Slave+Auctions%22+of+Henry+Ward+Beecher%22&rft.date=2002-11-16&rft.aulast=Nathans&rft.aufirst=Heather+S.+%28University+of+Maryland%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astr.org%2Fconference2002%2F04%2Fastr_conference.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmonson+sisters" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Dilapidated to Elegant", Louisiana Cultural Vistas, Fall 2001, pp. 9-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Potomac-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Potomac_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Potomac_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Potomac_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041129202423/http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/schools/muncaster/sojdailyjour6.html">"Daily Journals"</a>. <i>Potomac Sojourn 2001</i>. Potomac Heritage Partnership. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/schools/muncaster/sojdailyjour6.html">the original</a> on November 29, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Potomac+Sojourn+2001&rft.atitle=Daily+Journals&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcps.k12.md.us%2Fschools%2Fmuncaster%2Fsojdailyjour6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmonson+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel Edmonson never abandoned his pursuit of freedom. In 1859 he escaped on a ship to <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>. From there he went on to <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> and, with his wife and child, sailed to a new life in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rootsweb-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rootsweb_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rootsweb_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiskotten2003" class="citation web cs1">Weiskotten, Daniel H. (May 26, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.com/~nyccazen/Shorts/1850Convention.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Great Cazenovia Fugitive Slave Law Convention" at Cazenovia, NY, August 21 and 22, 1850"</a>. rootsweb.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Great+Cazenovia+Fugitive+Slave+Law+Convention%22+at+Cazenovia%2C+NY%2C+August+21+and+22%2C+1850&rft.pub=rootsweb.com&rft.date=2003-05-26&rft.aulast=Weiskotten&rft.aufirst=Daniel+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rootsweb.com%2F~nyccazen%2FShorts%2F1850Convention.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmonson+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=56194">"Fugitive Slave Law Convention, Cazenovia, New York"</a>. <a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Museum" title="J. Paul Getty Museum">J. Paul Getty Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fugitive+Slave+Law+Convention%2C+Cazenovia%2C+New+York&rft.pub=J.+Paul+Getty+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getty.edu%2Fart%2Fgettyguide%2FartObjectDetails%3Fartobj%3D56194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdmonson+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Danforth, Austin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alextimes.com/2010/05/slavery-and-freedom-embodied/">"Slavery and Freedom, Embodied"</a>, <i>The Alexandria Times,</i> May 27, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Fugitives of the Pearl," <i>Journal of Negro History</i> 1 (July 1916): pp. 234–264; and <i>The Fugitives of the Pearl</i> (Washington: Associated Publishers, 1930).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Debby Applegate, <i>The Most Famous Man in America: The Biography of Henry Ward Beecher</i> (Doubleday, June 2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-51397-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-51397-6">0-385-51397-6</a></li> <li>Stanley Harrold, <i>Subversives: Antislavery Community in Washington, D.C., 1828-1865</i> (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003)</li> <li>Mary Kay Ricks, "A Passage to Freedom," <i>Washington Post</i> Magazine (February 17, 2002)</li> <li>Hilary Russell, "Underground Railroad Activists in Washington, D.C.", <i>Washington History</i> 13. no. 2 (Fall/Winter 2002): pp. 38–39.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Brent" title="Margaret Brent">Margaret Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_C._Davidson" title="Rita C. Davidson">Rita C. Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Spellman" title="Gladys Spellman">Gladys Spellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lillie_Mae_Carroll_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson">Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Ann Seton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanette_Rosner_Wolman" title="Jeanette Rosner Wolman">Jeanette Rosner Wolman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltgunt_Zassenhaus" title="Hiltgunt Zassenhaus">Hiltgunt Zassenhaus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Ellen_Watkins_Harper" title="Frances Ellen Watkins Harper">Frances Ellen Watkins Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juanita_Jackson_Mitchell" title="Juanita Jackson Mitchell">Juanita Jackson Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shaw_Shorb" title="Mary Shaw Shorb">Mary Shaw Shorb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen B. Taussig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadie_Kneller_Miller" title="Sadie Kneller Miller">Sadie Kneller Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Risteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Eliza Risteau">Mary Eliza Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Carey_Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha Carey Thomas">Martha Carey Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verda_Welcome" title="Verda Welcome">Verda Welcome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Adkins" title="Bertha Adkins">Bertha Adkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenie_Clark" title="Eugenie Clark">Eugenie Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavinia_Engle" title="Lavinia Engle">Lavinia Engle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_King_Lee" title="Lena King Lee">Lena King Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estelle_R._Ramey" class="mw-redirect" title="Estelle R. Ramey">Estelle R. Ramey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Maurer" title="Lucille Maurer">Lucille Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enolia_McMillan" title="Enolia McMillan">Enolia McMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauli_Murray" title="Pauli Murray">Pauli Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adele_Hagner_Stamp" title="Adele Hagner Stamp">Adele Hagner Stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lemist_Titcomb" title="Mary Lemist Titcomb">Mary Lemist Titcomb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita R. Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Lange" title="Mary Elizabeth Lange">Mary Elizabeth Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_McCardell" title="Claire McCardell">Claire McCardell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Moses" title="Bessie Moses">Bessie Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_Schrock" title="Alta Schrock">Alta Schrock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Armstrong" title="Annie Armstrong">Annie Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Ella_Carroll" title="Anna Ella Carroll">Anna Ella Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Kushner" title="Rose Kushner">Rose Kushner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Collins_Schweinhaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Collins Schweinhaut">Margaret Collins Schweinhaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Delgado_Votaw" title="Carmen Delgado Votaw">Carmen Delgado Votaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosalyn_Blake_Bell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosalyn Blake Bell (page does not exist)">Rosalyn Blake Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Clifton" title="Lucille Clifton">Lucille Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_King_Ellicott" title="Elizabeth King Ellicott">Elizabeth King Ellicott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Spencer_(Maryland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Spencer (Maryland) (page does not exist)">Jean Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Ellicott_Tyson" title="Martha Ellicott Tyson">Martha Ellicott Tyson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalie_Silber_Abrams" title="Rosalie Silber Abrams">Rosalie Silber Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Banning" title="Mary Elizabeth Banning">Mary Elizabeth Banning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Elizabeth_Brown" title="Harriet Elizabeth Brown">Harriet Elizabeth Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Morella" title="Connie Morella">Connie Morella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Adelaide_Nutting" title="Mary Adelaide Nutting">Mary Adelaide Nutting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jill_Moss_Greenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jill Moss Greenberg (page does not exist)">Jill Moss Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Nock" title="Mary L. Nock">Mary L. Nock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Taylor_Norris" title="Amanda Taylor Norris">Amanda Taylor Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Barcroft_Taylor" title="Nettie Barcroft Taylor">Nettie Barcroft Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_Mary_Goldsborough_Willson" title="Euphemia Mary Goldsborough Willson">Euphemia Mary Goldsborough Willson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_L._Ellicott" class="mw-redirect" title="Madeleine L. Ellicott">Madeleine L. Ellicott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Ennis" title="Ethel Ennis">Ethel Ennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Digges_Lee" title="Mary Digges Lee">Mary Digges Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_G._Leventhal" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigid G. Leventhal">Brigid G. Leventhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_A._Robinson" title="Barbara A. Robinson">Barbara A. Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diane_L._Adams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diane L. Adams (page does not exist)">Diane L. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_del_Ande_Mendez_Eaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sol del Ande Mendez Eaton (page does not exist)">Sol del Ande Mendez Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_R._Gira" title="Catherine R. Gira">Catherine R. Gira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_L._Koss" title="Helen L. Koss">Helen L. Koss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Ponselle" title="Rosa Ponselle">Rosa Ponselle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constance_Ross_Beims&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constance Ross Beims (page does not exist)">Constance Ross Beims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Katharine_Goddard" title="Mary Katharine Goddard">Mary Katharine Goddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Ryan_Hedges" title="Elaine Ryan Hedges">Elaine Ryan Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carter_Smith" title="Mary Carter Smith">Mary Carter Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Riefle_Bahr" title="Florence Riefle Bahr">Florence Riefle Bahr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lillian_C._Compton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lillian C. Compton (page does not exist)">Lillian C. Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Houghton_Hooker" title="Edith Houghton Hooker">Edith Houghton Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Fran_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Fran Johnson (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Fran Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Smith_White" title="Bernice Smith White">Bernice Smith White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constance_Uriolo_Battle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constance Uriolo Battle (page does not exist)">Constance Uriolo Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Green_Carr" title="Lois Green Carr">Lois Green Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Pressman_Fuentes" title="Sonia Pressman Fuentes">Sonia Pressman Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Jacobsen" title="Josephine Jacobsen">Josephine Jacobsen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosetta_Stith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosetta Stith (page does not exist)">Rosetta Stith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Feeley" title="Kathleen Feeley">Kathleen Feeley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Misbah_Khan_(pediatrician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misbah Khan (pediatrician) (page does not exist)">Misbah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charmaine_Krohe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charmaine Krohe (page does not exist)">Charmaine Krohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandra_W._Tomlinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandra W. Tomlinson (page does not exist)">Sandra W. Tomlinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Houze_Hubbard" title="Mabel Houze Hubbard">Mabel Houze Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence_P._Kendall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florence P. Kendall (page does not exist)">Florence P. Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Young_Pickersgill" title="Mary Young Pickersgill">Mary Young Pickersgill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Sheehan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine Sheehan">Lorraine Sheehan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Walcott_Beauchamp" title="Virginia Walcott Beauchamp">Virginia Walcott Beauchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Clarke" title="Edith Clarke">Edith Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_J._DuFour" title="Kathryn J. DuFour">Kathryn J. DuFour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_L._Kirschstein" title="Ruth L. Kirschstein">Ruth L. Kirschstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etta_Haynie_Maddox" title="Etta Haynie Maddox">Etta Haynie Maddox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Yow" title="Debbie Yow">Debbie Yow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edmonson sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grasmick" title="Nancy Grasmick">Nancy Grasmick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_McCready" title="Esther McCready">Esther McCready</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Byrd_Rawson" title="Margaret Byrd Rawson">Margaret Byrd Rawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_V._Simpson" title="Vivian V. Simpson">Vivian V. Simpson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoshana_Shoubin_Cardin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoshana Shoubin Cardin (page does not exist)">Shoshana Shoubin Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Olive_Cole" title="Bessie Olive Cole">Bessie Olive Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_R._Panny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan R. Panny (page does not exist)">Susan R. Panny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edyth_H._Schoenrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Edyth H. Schoenrich">Edyth H. Schoenrich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Pardee_Baker" title="Susan Pardee Baker">Susan Pardee Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liebe_Sokol_Diamond" title="Liebe Sokol Diamond">Liebe Sokol Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bea_Gaddy" title="Bea Gaddy">Bea Gaddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Hughes_Gaston" class="mw-redirect" title="Marilyn Hughes Gaston">Marilyn Hughes Gaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Alban_Hoffberger" title="Rebecca Alban Hoffberger">Rebecca Alban Hoffberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Snively" title="Grace Snively">Grace Snively</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annette_M.Deener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annette M.Deener (page does not exist)">Annette M.Deener</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sally_T._Grant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sally T. Grant (page does not exist)">Sally T. Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasanna_Nair" title="Prasanna Nair">Prasanna Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karen_H._Rothenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karen H. Rothenberg (page does not exist)">Karen H. Rothenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audrey_E._Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audrey E. Scott (page does not exist)">Audrey E. Scott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramona_McCarthy_Hawkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramona McCarthy Hawkins (page does not exist)">Ramona McCarthy Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Moses_Heller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Moses Heller (page does not exist)">Ellen Moses Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Menes" title="Pauline Menes">Pauline Menes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_Orenstein" title="Toby Orenstein">Toby Orenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Wilson_Walker" title="Emily Wilson Walker">Emily Wilson Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilia_Fehrer" title="Ilia Fehrer">Ilia Fehrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Griffin_(biologist)" title="Diane Griffin (biologist)">Diane Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Legum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harriet Legum (page does not exist)">Harriet Legum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allyson_R._Solomon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allyson R. Solomon (page does not exist)">Allyson R. Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_St._Clair_Wright" title="Anne St. Clair Wright">Anne St. Clair Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claire_M._Fraser" title="Claire M. Fraser">Claire M. Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Catherine_Hoof_Green" title="Anne Catherine Hoof Green">Anne Catherine Hoof Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Morgan_Kirkaldy" class="mw-redirect" title="Irene Morgan Kirkaldy">Irene Morgan Kirkaldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almira_Hart_Lincoln_Phelps" class="mw-redirect" title="Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps">Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernice_R._Sandler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernice R. Sandler (page does not exist)">Bernice R. Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillie_Shockney" title="Lillie Shockney">Lillie D. Shockney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider">Carol W. Greider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligia_Peralta" title="Ligia Peralta">Ligia Peralta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Poe" title="Gertrude Poe">Gertrude Poe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Diggs_Slowe" title="Lucy Diggs Slowe">Lucy Diggs Slowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_A._Willenz" title="June A. Willenz">June A. Willenz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Black" title="Maureen Black">Maureen Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Dunkle" title="Margaret Dunkle">Margaret Dunkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kopp" title="Nancy Kopp">Nancy Kopp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Manicur" title="Alice Manicur">Alice Manicur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Gribbon_Motz" title="Diana Gribbon Motz">Diana Gribbon Motz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwendolyn_Rooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwendolyn Rooks (page does not exist)">Gwendolyn Rooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Delich_Bentley" title="Helen Delich Bentley">Helen Delich Bentley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_B._Cryor" title="Jean B. Cryor">Jean B. Cryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlene_Dukes" title="Charlene Dukes">Charlene Dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Sauerbrey" title="Ellen Sauerbrey">Ellen Sauerbrey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_A._Shevitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda A. Shevitz (page does not exist)">Linda A. Shevitz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatrice_P._Tignor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatrice P. Tignor (page does not exist)">Beatrice P. Tignor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_F._Bailey" title="Dorothy F. Bailey">Dorothy F. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Kane_Callum" title="Agnes Kane Callum">Agnes Kane Callum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renee_E._Fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renee E. Fox (page does not exist)">Renee E. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_K._Goering" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan K. Goering">Susan K. Goering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Cipriano_Rees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ann Cipriano Rees (page does not exist)">Ann Cipriano Rees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_B._Byron" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverly B. Byron">Beverly B. Byron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Gail_de_Planque" title="E. Gail de Planque">E. Gail de Planque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_S._Feik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary S. Feik (page does not exist)">Mary S. Feik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_O%27Brien" title="Katherine O'Brien">Katherine O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_L._Singh" title="Linda L. Singh">Linda L. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Fryer_Ward" title="Sue Fryer Ward">Sue Fryer Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophia_Arabatzis_Balis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sophia Arabatzis Balis (page does not exist)">Sophia Arabatzis Balis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oretha_Bridgwaters-Simms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oretha Bridgwaters-Simms (page does not exist)">Oretha Bridgwaters-Simms</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_C._Goodwillie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary C. Goodwillie (page does not exist)">Mary C. Goodwillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Danforth_Harmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaine Danforth Harmon">Elaine Danforth Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Katz" title="Joanne Katz">Joanne Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizette_Woodworth_Reese" title="Lizette Woodworth Reese">Lizette Woodworth Reese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Coleman-Adebayo" title="Marsha Coleman-Adebayo">Marsha Coleman-Adebayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Colvin" title="Carolyn Colvin">Carolyn Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Edwards" title="Donna Edwards">Donna Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Garrett" title="Mary Garrett">Mary Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Blodgett_Gebbie" title="Katharine Blodgett Gebbie">Katharine Blodgett Gebbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Ledecky" title="Katie Ledecky">Katie Ledecky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Maroulis" title="Helen Maroulis">Helen Maroulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_Welsh" title="Lilian Welsh">Lilian Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandra_I._Barnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandra I. Barnes (page does not exist)">Sandra I. Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Williams_Ortega" title="Sandra Williams Ortega">Sandra Williams Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Saunders_Plummer" title="Emily Saunders Plummer">Emily Saunders Plummer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rita_L._Robinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rita L. Robinson (page does not exist)">Rita L. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattie_N._Washington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hattie N. Washington (page does not exist)">Hattie N. Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marielsa_A._Bernard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marielsa A. Bernard (page does not exist)">Marielsa A. Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_T._Chissell" title="Augusta T. Chissell">Augusta T. Chissell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Dawes" title="Dominique Dawes">Dominique Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Hall" title="Virginia Hall">Virginia Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Gumataotao_Rios" title="Rosa Gumataotao Rios">Rosa Gumataotao Rios</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evelyn_Williams_Townsend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evelyn Williams Townsend (page does not exist)">Evelyn Williams Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllis_B._Trickett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllis B. Trickett (page does not exist)">Phyllis B. Trickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Woo_Tsui" title="Pauline Woo Tsui">Pauline Woo Tsui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victorine_Q._Adams" title="Victorine Q. Adams">Victorine Q. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evelyn_O._A._Darden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evelyn O. A. Darden (page does not exist)">Evelyn O. A. Darden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Parkinson" title="Claire Parkinson">Claire Parkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Roman" title="Nancy Roman">Nancy Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_R._Wolfe" title="Leslie R. Wolfe">Leslie R. Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bobo" title="Elizabeth Bobo">Elizabeth Bobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hawkins" title="Margaret Hawkins">Margaret Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby_Reese_Moone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruby Reese Moone (page does not exist)">Ruby Reese Moone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_K._Welker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy K. Welker (page does not exist)">Nancy K. Welker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celeste_Revillon_Winans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celeste Revillon Winans (page does not exist)">Celeste Revillon Winans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Blum" title="Dorothy Blum">Dorothy Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Cleave" title="Mary L. Cleave">Mary L. Cleave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Richardson" title="Gloria Richardson">Gloria Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatrice_Rodgers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatrice Rodgers (page does not exist)">Beatrice Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odessa_M._Shannon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odessa M. Shannon (page does not exist)">Odessa M. Shannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janeen_L._Birckhead" title="Janeen L. Birckhead">Janeen L. Birckhead</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_M._Cooksey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlotte M. Cooksey (page does not exist)">Charlotte M. Cooksey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Sol_Gutierrez" title="Ana Sol Gutierrez">Ana Sol Gutierrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_G._Lawlah" title="Gloria G. Lawlah">Gloria G. Lawlah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Ronne" title="Jackie Ronne">Jackie Ronne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_A._Jones" title="Adrienne A. Jones">Adrienne A. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_C._Lee" title="Susan C. Lee">Susan C. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Lierman" title="Brooke Lierman">Brooke Lierman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruna_Miller" title="Aruna Miller">Aruna Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&oldid=1244164872">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edmonson_sisters&oldid=1244164872</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Activists_for_African-American_civil_rights" title="Category:Activists for African-American civil rights">Activists for African-American civil rights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_abolitionists" title="Category:African-American abolitionists">African-American abolitionists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_slaves" title="Category:19th-century American slaves">19th-century American slaves</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Sandy_Spring,_Maryland" title="Category:People from Sandy Spring, Maryland">People from Sandy Spring, Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Category:People from Alexandria, Virginia">People from Alexandria, Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sister_duos" title="Category:Sister duos">Sister duos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_women" title="Category:19th-century American women">19th-century American women</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_women_civil_rights_activists" title="Category:American women civil rights activists">American women civil rights activists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_freedmen" title="Category:American freedmen">American freedmen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_African-American_women" title="Category:19th-century African-American women">19th-century African-American women</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slave_trade_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Slave trade in the United States">Slave trade in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_African-American_people" title="Category:19th-century African-American people">19th-century African-American people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_enslaved_in_Maryland" title="Category:People enslaved in Maryland">People enslaved in Maryland</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2017">Articles with dead external links from February 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 September 2024, at 12:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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