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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Environmental problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bandung</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandoeng" title="Bandoeng – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bandoeng" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA" title="باندونغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باندونغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandunq" title="Bandunq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bandunq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="باندونگ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باندونگ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandung" title="Kota Bandung – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kota Bandung" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%82" title="বানদুং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বানদুং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuta_Bandung" title="Kuta Bandung – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kuta Bandung" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung_Chh%C4%AB" title="Bandung Chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bandung Chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandung" title="Kota Bandung – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kota Bandung" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бандунг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бандунг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бандунг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бандунг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бандунг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бандунг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Indonesya)" title="Bandung (kapital sa lalawigan sa Indonesya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bandung (kapital sa lalawigan sa Indonesya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Μπαντούνγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπαντούνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandungo" title="Bandungo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bandungo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="باندونگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باندونگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%C3%BBng" title="Bandûng – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bandûng" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EB%91%A5" title="반둥 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반둥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Բանդունգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանդունգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="बानदुंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बानदुंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandung" title="Kota Bandung – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Kota Bandung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandung" title="Kota Bandung – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota Bandung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бандунг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бандунг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="באנדונג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="באנדונג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_Bandhung" title="Kutha Bandhung – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kutha Bandhung" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ბანდუნგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბანდუნგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D2%A3" title="Бандуң – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бандуң" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бандунг – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бандунг" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banduna" title="Banduna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Banduna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandungas" title="Bandungas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bandungas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandung" title="Kota Bandung – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Kota Bandung" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandung" title="Kota Bandung – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kota Bandung" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ബന്ദുങ്ങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബന്ദുങ്ങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="बांडुंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बांडुंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="باندونگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="باندونگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandung" title="Kota Bandung – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kota Bandung" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဘန်ဒေါင်းမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘန်ဒေါင်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3_(%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2)" title="バンドン (インドネシア) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バンドン (インドネシア)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бандунг – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бандунг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بنڈونگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بنڈونگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandungue" title="Bandungue – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bandungue" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бандунг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бандунг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9D" title="ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱩᱝ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱩᱝ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бандунг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бандунг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandung" title="Kota Bandung – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kota Bandung" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="பண்டுங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பண்டுங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D2%A3" title="Бандуң – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бандуң" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87" title="บันดุง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บันดุง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Бандунг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бандунг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="بندونگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بندونگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E9%9A%86" title="万隆 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="万隆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E9%9A%86" title="萬隆 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="萬隆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E9%9A%86" title="萬隆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萬隆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung_Kota" title="Bandung Kota – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bandung Kota" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Bandung" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bandung&params=6.9120_S_107.6097_E_region:ID-JB_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°54′43″S</span> <span class="longitude">107°36′35″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.9120°S 107.6097°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-6.9120; 107.6097</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City and capital of West Java, Indonesia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bandung_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bandung (disambiguation)">Bandung (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Java, Indonesia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Bandung</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">City of Bandung<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Kota Bandung</i></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Name transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundanese alphabet">Sundanese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮊᮧᮒ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:277px;max-width:277px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:275px;max-width:275px"><div style="height:152px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg/330px-Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="273" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg/500px-Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg/960px-Bandung_View_dari_Gedung_Wisma_HSBC_Asia_Afrika_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2324" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Bandung skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Musium_KAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Musium_KAA.jpg/127px-Musium_KAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Musium_KAA.jpg/191px-Musium_KAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Musium_KAA.jpg/254px-Musium_KAA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Merdeka_Building" title="Merdeka Building">Merdeka Building</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Masjid_Raya_Al_Jabbar_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Masjid_Raya_Al_Jabbar_25.jpg/142px-Masjid_Raya_Al_Jabbar_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Masjid_Raya_Al_Jabbar_25.jpg/213px-Masjid_Raya_Al_Jabbar_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Masjid_Raya_Al_Jabbar_25.jpg/284px-Masjid_Raya_Al_Jabbar_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3181" data-file-height="2123" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Al_Jabbar_Grand_Mosque" title="Al Jabbar Grand Mosque">Al Jabbar Grand Mosque</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:181px;max-width:181px"><div style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_%28cropped%29.jpg/179px-Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_%28cropped%29.jpg/269px-Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_%28cropped%29.jpg/358px-Gedung_Sate_Oktober_2024_-_Rahmatdenas_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6638" data-file-height="4425" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Gedung_Sate" title="Gedung Sate">Gedung Sate</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bank_BJB_Headquarters_in_Braga_street,_Bandung_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bank_BJB_Headquarters_in_Braga_street%2C_Bandung_%281%29.jpg/90px-Bank_BJB_Headquarters_in_Braga_street%2C_Bandung_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bank_BJB_Headquarters_in_Braga_street%2C_Bandung_%281%29.jpg/135px-Bank_BJB_Headquarters_in_Braga_street%2C_Bandung_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bank_BJB_Headquarters_in_Braga_street%2C_Bandung_%281%29.jpg/180px-Bank_BJB_Headquarters_in_Braga_street%2C_Bandung_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Braga_Street" title="Braga Street">Braga Street</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Municipal_Flag_of_Bandung,_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Bandung"><img alt="Flag of Bandung" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Municipal_Flag_of_Bandung%2C_Indonesia.svg/100px-Municipal_Flag_of_Bandung%2C_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Municipal_Flag_of_Bandung%2C_Indonesia.svg/150px-Municipal_Flag_of_Bandung%2C_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Municipal_Flag_of_Bandung%2C_Indonesia.svg/200px-Municipal_Flag_of_Bandung%2C_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bandung" title="Flag of Bandung">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lambang_Kota_Bandung.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Bandung"><img alt="Coat of arms of Bandung" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lambang_Kota_Bandung.svg/100px-Lambang_Kota_Bandung.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lambang_Kota_Bandung.svg/150px-Lambang_Kota_Bandung.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lambang_Kota_Bandung.svg/200px-Lambang_Kota_Bandung.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4445" data-file-height="3779" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bandung" title="Coat of arms of Bandung">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Kota Kembang</i></span> (City of Flowers)<br /><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Parijs van Java</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> of Java)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>Gemah Ripah Wibawa Mukti</i> <br /><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮌᮨᮙᮂ ᮛᮤᮕᮂ ᮝᮤᮘᮝ ᮙᮥᮊ᮪ᮒᮤ</span> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">Prosperous, serene, prestigious, joyous</span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_kota_bandung.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location within West Java"><img alt="Location within West Java" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Locator_kota_bandung.png/250px-Locator_kota_bandung.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Locator_kota_bandung.png/375px-Locator_kota_bandung.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Locator_kota_bandung.png/500px-Locator_kota_bandung.png 2x" data-file-width="4168" data-file-height="3335" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location within <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="-6.9021856" data-lon="107.6187558" data-overlays="["_bbd10bc828c1e3cfe4466d9d28f83ef269ef0520"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/-6.9021856/107.6187558/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,-6.9021856,107.6187558,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bandung&revid=1281086117&groups=_bbd10bc828c1e3cfe4466d9d28f83ef269ef0520" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,-6.9021856,107.6187558,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bandung&revid=1281086117&groups=_bbd10bc828c1e3cfe4466d9d28f83ef269ef0520 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Java_location_map_plain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandung is located in Java"><img alt="Bandung is located in Java" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Java_location_map_plain.svg/250px-Java_location_map_plain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Java_location_map_plain.svg/375px-Java_location_map_plain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Java_location_map_plain.svg/500px-Java_location_map_plain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1153" data-file-height="522" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.396%;left:24.015%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bandung"><img alt="Bandung" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bandung</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Java</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indonesia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandung is located in Indonesia"><img alt="Bandung is located in Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Indonesia_location_map.svg/250px-Indonesia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Indonesia_location_map.svg/500px-Indonesia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="460" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:74.511%;left:27.893%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bandung"><img alt="Bandung" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bandung</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Bandung (Indonesia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Indonesia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bandung&params=6.9120_S_107.6097_E_region:ID-JB_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°54′43″S</span> <span class="longitude">107°36′35″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.9120°S 107.6097°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-6.9120; 107.6097</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Indonesia" title="Regions of Indonesia">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_West_Java_%28vectorised%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_West_Java_%28vectorised%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_West_Java_%28vectorised%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_West_Java_%28vectorised%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">25 September 1810<sup id="cite_ref-anniversary_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anniversary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Indonesia" title="City status in Indonesia">Incorporated</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">(as <i>gemeente</i>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1906<sup id="cite_ref-anniversary_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anniversary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administrative division</th><td class="infobox-data">30 <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_West_Java" title="List of districts of West Java">districts</a><br />153 <a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Indonesia" title="Villages of Indonesia">urban villages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Bandung City Government</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Bandung" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Bandung">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Farhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Farhan (page does not exist)">Muhammad Farhan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Farhan" class="extiw" title="id:Muhammad Farhan">id</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Nasdem_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasdem Party">Nasdem</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Vice Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_(politics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin (politics) (page does not exist)">Erwin (politics)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_(politikus)" class="extiw" title="id:Erwin (politikus)">id</a>]</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">167.31 km<sup>2</sup> (64.60 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">487 km<sup>2</sup> (188 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,876.8 km<sup>2</sup> (724.6 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-elevasi_Bandung_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elevasi_Bandung-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">708 m (2,323 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">892 m (2,927 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">666 m (2,185 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(mid 2023 estimate<sup id="cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,506,603 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_population" title="List of Indonesian cities by population">4th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">14,982/km<sup>2</sup> (38,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Demog18th_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demog18th-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,203,000 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_population" title="List of Indonesian cities by population">2nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">14,712.5/km<sup>2</sup> (38,105/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-PU-net_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PU-net-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,054,175 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Indonesia" title="List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia">3rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,453/km<sup>2</sup> (11,530/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bandungite</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span class="nowrap">Ethnic groups</span><br />(2000 estimates)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left; display:none"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">76.53% <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">12.68% <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">3.31% <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Indonesian">Chinese</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1.76% <a href="/wiki/Batak" title="Batak">Batak</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">5.72% Others</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Religion<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left; display:none"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">92,17% <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">5.17% <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">2.14% <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">0.44% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">0.06% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">0.02% Others</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B07:00" title="UTC+07:00">UTC+07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Indonesia" title="Time in Indonesia">Western Indonesia Time</a>/W.I.B)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Indonesia" title="Postal codes in Indonesia">Postcodes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">401xx, 402xx, 406xx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Indonesia" title="Telephone numbers in Indonesia">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(+62) 22</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Indonesia" title="Vehicle registration plates of Indonesia">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">D</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nominal <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">2023</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> - Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Rp</a> 351.285 trillion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_GDP" title="List of Indonesian cities by GDP">3rd</a>)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">US$</a> 23.046 billion <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">US$</a> 73.810 billion (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> - Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Rp</a> 140,114 thousand (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_GDP" title="List of Indonesian cities by GDP">13th</a>)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">US$</a> 9,194<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">US$</a> 29,446 (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> - Metro</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Rp</a> 646.006 trillion<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">US$</a> 42.383 billion<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Int$" class="mw-redirect" title="Int$">Int$</a> 135.736 billion (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> - Growth</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.0%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2024)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.835 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_Human_Development_Index#List_of_large_and_medium-sized_cities_of_Indonesia_with_very_high_HDI_(2023)" title="List of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index">16th</a>) <span style="color: #007B00;">very high</span> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Indonesia" title="Districts of Indonesia">district</a> by area</th><td class="infobox-data">Gedebage – 9.58 square kilometres (3.70 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest district by population</th><td class="infobox-data">Babakan Ciparay (142,500 – 2022 est)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bandung.go.id/">bandung.go.id</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sunda_Sa.png/40px-Sunda_Sa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sunda_Sa.png/60px-Sunda_Sa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sunda_Sa.png/80px-Sunda_Sa.png 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="567" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">You may need <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support#Sundanese" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a> to display the <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundanese alphabet">Sundanese script</a> in this article correctly.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Bandung</b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a> of the <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located on the island of <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Bandung" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Bandung">Greater Bandung</a> (Bandung Basin Metropolitan Area / BBMA) is <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_population" title="List of Indonesian cities by population">third-most populous city in Indonesia</a> after <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a> and the country's second-largest and second most populous <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Indonesia" title="List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia">metropolitan area</a>, with over 11 million inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PU-net_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PU-net-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Situated 768 meters (2,520 feet) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a> (the highest point in the North area is at an altitude of 1,050 meters (3,445 feet), and the lowest in the South at 675 meters (2,215 feet) above sea level), approximately 140 kilometres (87 miles) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Bandung has cooler year-round temperatures than most other <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Indonesia">Indonesian cities</a>. The city lies in a <a href="/wiki/River_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="River basin">river basin</a> surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Volcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic">volcanic</a> mountains that provide a natural defense system, which was the primary reason for the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> government's plan to move the capital from Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to Bandung.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dutch first established tea <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a> around the mountains in the 18th century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the colonial capital <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a> (180 kilometres (112 miles) to the northwest). In the early 20th century, the Dutch inhabitants of Bandung demanded the establishment of a municipality (<i>gemeente</i>), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafés, and European boutiques were opened, leading the city to be nicknamed <i>Parijs van Java</i> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">"The Paris of Java"</i>). </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Declaration_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Declaration of Independence">Indonesia declared independence</a> in 1945, the city experienced ongoing development and urbanization, transforming from an idyllic town into a dense 16,500 people/km<sup>2</sup> (per square kilometer) metropolitan area with living space for over 8 million people. New <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">skyscrapers</a>, high-rise buildings, bridges, and gardens have been constructed. <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">Natural resources</a> have been heavily exploited, particularly by conversion of the protected upland area into highland villas and real estate. Although the city has encountered many problems (ranging from waste disposal and floods to a complicated traffic system resulting from a lack of road infrastructure), it still attracts large numbers of tourists, weekend sightseers, and migrants from other parts of Indonesia. In 2017 the city won a regional environmental sustainability award for having the cleanest air among major cities in <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">ASEAN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is also known as a <a href="/wiki/Smart_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart City">Smart City</a>, leveraging technology to improve government services and social media that alert residents to issues such as floods or traffic jams. The city is part of the <a href="/wiki/Creative_Cities_Network" title="Creative Cities Network">UNESCO Creative Cities Network</a>, which it joined in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bandung is Indonesia's major <a href="/wiki/List_of_technology_centers" title="List of technology centers">technology centre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Asian-African Conference, the <a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a>, was hosted in Bandung by President <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> in 1955 and now decennial event. Redevelopment of the existing <a href="/wiki/Husein_Sastranegara_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Husein Sastranegara International Airport">Husein Sastranegara International Airport</a> (BDO) was completed in 2016. The new larger second airport for Greater Bandung <a href="/wiki/Kertajati_International_Airport" title="Kertajati International Airport">Kertajati International Airport</a> (KJT) opened in June 2018, just in time for the <a href="/wiki/2018_Asian_Games" title="2018 Asian Games">2018 Asian Games</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bandung" title="History of Bandung">History of Bandung</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Bandung_(1928).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bandung_%281928%29.svg/230px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bandung_%281928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bandung_%281928%29.svg/345px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bandung_%281928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bandung_%281928%29.svg/460px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bandung_%281928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of Bandung during the Dutch colonial era, granted in 1928</figcaption></figure> <p>The official name of the city during the colonial Dutch East Indies period was <b>Bandoeng</b>. The earliest reference to the area dates back to 1488, although archaeological findings suggest a type of <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i> species had long previously lived on the banks of the Cikapundung River and around the old lake of Bandung.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 17th and 18th centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch East Indies Company">Dutch East Indies Company</a> (VOC) established plantations in the Bandung area. In 1786, a supply road connecting Batavia (now <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bogor" title="Bogor">Bogor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cianjur" title="Cianjur">Cianjur</a>, Bandung, <a href="/wiki/Sumedang" title="Sumedang">Sumedang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cirebon" title="Cirebon">Cirebon</a> was constructed. In 1809, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> ordered Governor <a href="/wiki/Herman_Willem_Daendels" title="Herman Willem Daendels">Herman Willem Daendels</a> to improve the defensive systems of <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> to protect against a possible <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> invasion. Daendels ordered the construction of a road stretching approximately 1,000 km (620 mi) from the west to the east coast of Java, passing through Bandung.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1810, the road was laid down in Bandung and was named <i>De Groote Postweg</i> (or the '<a href="/wiki/Great_Post_Road" title="Great Post Road">Great Post Road</a>'), the present-day location of Jalan Asia-Afrika. Under Daendels' orders, R. A. Wiranatakusumah II, the Chief Administrator of the Bandung regency at that time, moved the office from Krapyak, in the south, to a place near a pair of holy city wells (<i>sumur Bandung</i>), the present-day site of the city square (<i>alun-alun</i>). He built his <i>dalem</i> (palace), <i>masjid agung</i> (the grand mosque) and <i>pendopo</i> (public-official meeting place) in the classical Sundanese orientation,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the pendopo facing <a href="/wiki/Tangkuban_Perahu" title="Tangkuban Perahu">Tangkuban Perahu</a> mountain, which was believed to have a mystical ambience. In 1856, Bandung also became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Preanger_Regencies_Residency" title="Preanger Regencies Residency">Preanger Regencies Residency</a>, which it would remain until 1925. </p><p>The first major railroad between Batavia and Bandung was completed in 1880,<sup id="cite_ref-creative_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-creative-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> boosting the light industry in Bandung. <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Chinese</a> flocked into the city to help run facilities, services and vendors. The area adjacent to the train station is still recognizable as the old Chinatown district. In 1906, Bandung was given the status of <i>gemeente</i> (municipality), and then twenty years later, <i>stadsgemeente</i> (city municipality). </p><p>From the early 1920s, the Dutch East Indies government made plans to move their capital from Batavia to Bandung. Accordingly, during this decade, the Dutch colonial government commenced construction of military barracks, the building housing the colonial Department of State-Owned Enterprises (<i>Department van Gouvernmentsbedrijven</i>, the present-day <a href="/wiki/Gedung_Sate" title="Gedung Sate">Gedung Sate</a>) and other government buildings. However, this plan was cut short by <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, after which the Dutch were not able to re-establish their colony due to the Indonesian Declaration of Independence. </p><p>The fertile area of the Parahyangan Mountains surrounding Bandung supports productive <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a> plantations. In the nineteenth century, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Wilhelm_Junghuhn" title="Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn">Franz Junghuhn</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/Cinchona" title="Cinchona">cinchona</a> (<i>kina</i>) plant.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With its cooler elevated landscape, surrounded by major plantations, Bandung became an exclusive European resort area.<sup id="cite_ref-brief_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brief-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wealthy plantation owners visited the city on weekends, attracting ladies and business people from the capital, Batavia. <a href="/wiki/Braga_Street" title="Braga Street">Jalan Braga</a> grew into a promenade street with cafés, restaurants and boutique shops. Two <a href="/wiki/Art-deco" class="mw-redirect" title="Art-deco">art-deco</a> style hotels, Savoy Homann and Preanger, were built in the vicinity of the Concordia Society, a clubhouse for the wealthy with a large ballroom and a theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-creative_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-creative-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Declaration_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Declaration of Independence">Indonesian independence</a> in 1945, Bandung was designated as the capital of <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a>, some of the most massive battles occurred in and around Bandung. Dutch troops were virtually absent in Java at the end of World War II. To assist the restoration of Dutch sovereignty, British forces established a military presence in several of Java's largest cities, and issued an ultimatum to Indonesian forces in Bandung in an attempt to make leave the city. In response, on 24 March 1946, much of the southern part of Bandung was <a href="/wiki/Bandung_Sea_of_Fire" title="Bandung Sea of Fire">deliberately set alight</a> by Indonesian forces as they withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1955, the first Asian-African Conference, also known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></i>, was hosted in Bandung by President <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> and attended by the heads of states representing twenty-nine independent countries from Asia and Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conference venue was at the <a href="/wiki/Gedung_Merdeka" class="mw-redirect" title="Gedung Merdeka">Gedung Merdeka</a>, the former Concordia Society building. The conference announced ten points of declaration for the promotion of <a href="/wiki/World_peace" title="World peace">world peace</a> and opposition against <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a> and is known as the <a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference#Declaration" title="Bandung Conference">Declaration of Bandung</a>. This was followed by a wave of nationalism and <a href="/wiki/Decolonisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decolonisation">decolonization</a> movements around the globe which remapped world politics.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conference was also the first international conference of people of colour in history.<sup id="cite_ref-wright_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wright-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Curtain" title="The Color Curtain">The Color Curtain</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wright_(author)" title="Richard Wright (author)">Richard Wright</a> claims that there was an epic meaning to the conference for people of colour around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-wright_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wright-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987, the city boundary was expanded by the 'Greater Bandung' (<i>Bandung Raya</i>) plan, with the relocation of higher concentration development zones outside the city in an attempt to dilute population density in the old city. During this development, the <a href="/wiki/City_centre" title="City centre">city core</a> was often uprooted, with old buildings torn down, lot sizes regrouped and rezoned, changing idyllic residential areas to commercial zones with bustling chain supermarkets, malls, banks and upscale developments.<sup id="cite_ref-brief_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brief-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, an Asian-African Conference was partly held in Bandung, attended by world leaders including Indonesian President Susilo B. Yudhoyono, President of China Hu Jintao, Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh, President of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> Thabo Mbeki and President of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> Obasanjo.<sup id="cite_ref-Discover_Bandung_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Discover_Bandung-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bandung, the capital of <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> province, is located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) southeast of Jakarta. Its elevation is 768 metres (2,520 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a> and is surrounded by up to 2,400 metres (7,900 feet) high <a href="/wiki/Tertiary" title="Tertiary">Late Tertiary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a> volcanic terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaars95_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaars95-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 400 km<sup>2</sup> (150 sq mi) flat of central Bandung plain is situated in the middle of 2,340.88 square kilometres (903.82 sq mi) wide of the Bandung <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a>; the basin comprises Bandung, the <a href="/wiki/Cimahi" title="Cimahi">Cimahi</a> city, part of <a href="/wiki/Bandung_Regency" title="Bandung Regency">Bandung Regency</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/West_Bandung" class="mw-redirect" title="West Bandung">West Bandung</a> Regency, and part of <a href="/wiki/Sumedang_Regency" title="Sumedang Regency">Sumedang Regency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iges_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iges-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basin's main river is the <a href="/wiki/Citarum_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Citarum river">Citarum</a>; one of its branches, the <a href="/wiki/Cikapundung_River" title="Cikapundung River">Cikapundung</a>, divides Bandung from north to south before it merges with Citarum again in Dayeuhkolot. The Bandung Basin is an essential source of water for potable water, irrigation, and fisheries, with its 6,147 million m<sup>3</sup> (217.1 billion cu ft) of groundwater being a significant reservoir for the city.<sup id="cite_ref-iges_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iges-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The northern section of Bandung is hillier than other parts of the city, and the unique truncated flat-peak shape of the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tangkuban_Perahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Tangkuban Perahu">Tangkuban Perahu</a> volcano (<i>Tangkuban Perahu</i> literally means 'upside-down boat') can be seen from the city to the north. Long-term volcanic activity has created fertile <a href="/wiki/Andisols" class="mw-redirect" title="Andisols">andisol</a> soil in the north, suitable for intensive <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> plantations. In the <a href="/wiki/South" title="South">south</a> and <a href="/wiki/East" title="East">east</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Alluvial">alluvial</a> soils deposited by the Cikapundung river predominate.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geological data show that the Bandung Basin is located on an ancient volcano, known as <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sunda" title="Mount Sunda">Mount Sunda</a>, erected up to 3,000–4,000 metres (9,800–13,100 feet) during the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> age.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two large-scale eruptions took place; the first formed the basin, and the second (est. 55,000 BCE) blocked the Citarum river, turning the basin into a lake known as "the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Bandung" title="Lake Bandung">Great Prehistoric Lake of Bandung</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lake drained away; for reasons which are the subject of ongoing debate among geologists.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sangiangtikoro_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sangiangtikoro-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Indonesia" title="List of tallest buildings in Indonesia">List of tallest buildings in Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian architecture">Indonesian architecture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_buildings_in_Bandung" title="List of colonial buildings in Bandung">List of colonial buildings in Bandung</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Savoy_Homann_(264088335).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Savoy_Homann_%28264088335%29.jpeg/220px-Savoy_Homann_%28264088335%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Savoy_Homann_%28264088335%29.jpeg/330px-Savoy_Homann_%28264088335%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Savoy_Homann_%28264088335%29.jpeg/440px-Savoy_Homann_%28264088335%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1367" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Homann_Bidakara_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoy Homann Bidakara Hotel">Savoy Homann Bidakara Hotel</a> architectural design by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Aalbers" title="Albert Aalbers">Albert Aalbers</a> in 1939 is one of the most significant examples of the <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> style for which Bandung is renowned.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bandung is home to numerous examples of Dutch colonial architecture, most notably the tropical Art Deco, dubbed <a href="/wiki/New_Indies_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="New Indies Style">New Indies Style</a>. <a href="/wiki/Henri_Maclaine_Pont" title="Henri Maclaine Pont">Henri Maclaine Pont</a> was among the first Dutch architects to recognize the importance of combining each architectural style with local cultural traditions. He stressed that <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modern architecture</a> should interact with <a href="/wiki/Local_history" title="Local history">local history</a> and native elements.<sup id="cite_ref-ww_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ww-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1920, Pont planned and designed buildings for the first technical university in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>, <i>Technische Hogeschool te Bandung</i> (the present-day <a href="/wiki/Bandung_Institute_of_Technology" title="Bandung Institute of Technology">Bandung Institute of Technology</a>). He was named a Professor of Architecture at the university. A striking local Sundanese roof style is seen adorning the top of the campus' ceremonial hall and is embedded in his artwork.<sup id="cite_ref-ww_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ww-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the same year, another Dutch architect J Gerber designed <i>Gouverments Bedrijven</i> (Government Companies) in line with the colonial government's plan to move the capital from Batavia to Bandung. The building is known as <a href="/wiki/Gedung_Sate" title="Gedung Sate">Gedung Sate</a>, named after the distinguished small <a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">satay</a>-shaped structure on the roof, and is today used as the head office of the <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a> provincial government and House of Representatives. The building is an example of a harmonious mixture between West and East architectural styles, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a> style of <a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">arch</a> structures in the wings and <a href="/wiki/Pendopo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendopo">pendopo</a>-like structures commonly found in Java in the middle section. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Villa_Isola_aan_de_Lembangweg_bij_Bandoeng_TMnr_60026636.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Villa_Isola_aan_de_Lembangweg_bij_Bandoeng_TMnr_60026636.jpg/250px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Villa_Isola_aan_de_Lembangweg_bij_Bandoeng_TMnr_60026636.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Villa_Isola_aan_de_Lembangweg_bij_Bandoeng_TMnr_60026636.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Villa_Isola_aan_de_Lembangweg_bij_Bandoeng_TMnr_60026636.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Villa_Isola_aan_de_Lembangweg_bij_Bandoeng_TMnr_60026636.jpg/500px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Villa_Isola_aan_de_Lembangweg_bij_Bandoeng_TMnr_60026636.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Villa_Isola" title="Villa Isola">Villa Isola</a>, is an art-deco building in the northern part of Bandung, now it serves as the rectorate building of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia_University_of_Education" title="Indonesia University of Education">Indonesia University of Education</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Several Dutch architects who shaped the city landmarks the architectural blending of modern and native traditions. In the 1930s, Bandung became known as an architectural laboratory due to the many Dutch architects who experimented with new architectural designs. <a href="/wiki/Albert_Aalbers" title="Albert Aalbers">Albert Aalbers</a> added the <a href="/wiki/Streamline_moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="Streamline moderne">streamline moderne</a> style to the Art Deco by designing the DENIS bank (1936) and renovating the Savoy Homann Hotel (1939). <a href="/wiki/Charles_Prosper_Wolff_Schoemaker" title="Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker">Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker</a> was one of the architects who enormously added native elements in his artworks, including the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Isola" title="Villa Isola">Villa Isola</a> (1932), Hotel Preanger (1929), the regional military headquarters (1918), <a href="/wiki/Gedung_Merdeka" class="mw-redirect" title="Gedung Merdeka">Gedung Merdeka</a> (1921) and ITB Rectorate Building (1925).<sup id="cite_ref-ww_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ww-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though Bandung is known for its many old Dutch architecture buildings, the city is recently going through a high-rise building boom. There are more than 100 high rise buildings in the city, and many more are under construction or planned.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following list includes buildings in Bandung that are completed or topped off and above 300 ft (91 m). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_problems">Environmental problems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Environmental problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The north of the city serves as a <a href="/wiki/Water_reservoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Water reservoir">water reservoir</a> for Bandung. However, the area has seen substantial residential development. Several attempts to protect this area have been made, including creating reserves such as the Juanda National Park and <a href="/wiki/Punclut" title="Punclut">Punclut</a>, but development continues. Regular flooding in Bandung's south also presents a real and dangerous ongoing problem.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From mid-2005, Bandung faced another environmental disaster when the city's <a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">landfill</a> site was re-evaluated after a garbage slide in 2005 which buried a village, Kampung Gajah, beneath it, killing over a hundred people.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The accumulation of 8,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d (3,300 cu ft/ks) of domestic garbage causes severe air pollution by local burning, the spread of disease, and water contamination. The provincial government has failed in its attempts to solve the garbage issue.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, it was awarded in 1997 and 2015 as the least polluted city in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, a regional award in 2017 was also given from ASEAN for the cleanest air among other major cities in ASEAN countries.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bandung is also well known for its <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a> hotspot. The first deadly tornado in the area occurred in Rancaekek (during the Dutch Occupation on 1933 where a tornado struck the town, killing 1 and injuring none, the funnel destroyed 17 homes and left 30 homes badly damaged, many trees were either snapped or downed.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another deadly tornado to occur on Bandung was on 18 December 2014, in Gedebage, the tornado struck the area in the afternoon. It left 85 houses either unroofed or destroyed, a large factory building suffered significant damage, a warehouse levelled and a library suffered roof loss, one person died due to crushed by a collapsed wall.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bandung experiences <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Am</i>) that closely borders a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Af</i>) as the driest month precipitation total is below 60 millimetres (2.4 in). The wettest month is February, with a precipitation total of 255.0 millimetres (10.04 in), while the driest month is September, with a precipitation total of 50.0 millimetres (1.97 in). The average temperature throughout the year tends to be cooler than most cities in Indonesia due to the influence of altitude. The average temperature throughout the year only has little variation due to its location near the equator. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bandung (<a href="/wiki/Husein_Sastranegara_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Husein Sastranegara International Airport">Husein Sastranegara International Airport</a>) (elevation 740 m or 2,430 ft, 2013–2023, extremes 1957–1994) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #00F900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174.8<br />(6.88) </td> <td style="background: #00B700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">199.9<br />(7.87) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">343.2<br />(13.51) </td> <td style="background: #005500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">275.5<br />(10.85) </td> <td style="background: #00C100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">212.5<br />(8.37) </td> <td style="background: #55FF55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.9<br />(4.33) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.0<br />(3.03) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.8<br />(2.35) </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.3<br />(3.36) </td> <td style="background: #00F900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174.9<br />(6.89) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">329.5<br />(12.97) </td> <td style="background: #006500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">273.8<br />(10.78) </td> <td style="background: #00D900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,316.1<br />(91.19) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.3 </td> <td style="background: #1010FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.3 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.3 </td> <td style="background: #5353FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.9 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #1313FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.5 </td> <td style="background: #1F1FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.1 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">160 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">79.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Meteomanz<sup id="cite_ref-Meteomanz_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meteomanz-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial (extremes and humidity)<sup id="cite_ref-climate_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bandung, Indonesia </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">240 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,465 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Daytime" title="Daytime">daylight hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percentage <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">56 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Weather Atlas <sup id="cite_ref-Weather_Atlas_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city area in 1906 was 19.22 square kilometres (7.42 square miles), and by 1987, it had expanded to 167.2965 km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-bda2003_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bda2003-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city administration is divided into 30 <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Indonesia" title="Districts of Indonesia">districts</a> (<i>kecamatan</i>) and 153 <a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Indonesia" title="Villages of Indonesia">villages</a> (<i>kelurahan</i>). For development purposes, the 30 districts are grouped into eight sub-city regions.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sub-city regions of Bandung are Arcamanik, Cibeunying, Kerees, Kordon, Gedebage, Ujungberung, Bojonagara and Tegalega. The mayor (<i>walikota</i>) - Bambang Tirtoyuliono from 2023 - leads the city administration. Since 2008, city residents have directly voted for a mayor; previously, mayors were nominated and selected by the city council - the <a href="/wiki/Bandung_City_Regional_House_of_Representatives" title="Bandung City Regional House of Representatives">Bandung City Regional House of Representatives</a> (<i>DPRD Kota Bandung</i>), which has 50 members. As of 2003, the total number of city administration personnel was 20,163.<sup id="cite_ref-bda2003_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bda2003-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandung_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bandung_002.jpg/250px-Bandung_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bandung_002.jpg/330px-Bandung_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bandung_002.jpg/500px-Bandung_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Villages (<i>kelurahan</i>) of Bandung, with all villages in the same district (<i>kecamatan</i>) having the same color.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bandung City is divided into 30 <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Indonesia" title="Districts of Indonesia">districts</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>kecamatan</i>), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census<sup id="cite_ref-Biro_Pusat_Statistik_2011_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biro_Pusat_Statistik_2011-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2020 Census,<sup id="cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> together with the official estimates as at mid 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2023_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2023-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the numbers of <a href="/wiki/Administrative_village" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative village">administrative villages</a> (totaling 151, all classed as urban <i>kelurahan</i>) in each district, and its postal codes. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Kode <br />Wilayah</th> <th>Name of <br />District<br />(<i>kecamatan</i>)</th> <th>Area <br />in <br /> km<sup>2</sup></th> <th>Pop'n <br /> 2010<br /> Census</th> <th>Pop'n <br /> 2020<br />Census</th> <th>Pop'n <br /> mid 2023<br />Estimate</th> <th>Admin<br />centre</th> <th>No.<br />of<br /><i>kelurahan</i></th> <th>Post<br />codes </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" colspan="9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Arcamanik region</b></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮃᮁᮎᮙᮔᮤᮊ᮪</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.24</td> <td>Arcamanik <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮃᮁᮎᮙᮔᮤᮊ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">5.87</td> <td align="right">65,607</td> <td align="right">77,214</td> <td align="right">82,025</td> <td>Cisaranten Kulon <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮞᮛᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">4</td> <td>40293 - 40294 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.20</td> <td>Antapani <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮕᮔᮤ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">3.79</td> <td align="right">72,006</td> <td align="right">79,260</td> <td align="right">82,578</td> <td>Antapani Wetan <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮤᮕᮒᮤ ᮝᮦᮒᮔ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">4</td> <td>40291 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.30</td> <td>Mandalajati <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮙᮔ᮪ᮓᮜᮏᮒᮤ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">6.67</td> <td align="right">60,825</td> <td align="right">71,422</td> <td align="right">73,821</td> <td>Karang Pamulang <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮊᮛᮀ ᮕᮙᮥᮜᮀ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">4</td> <td>40195 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" colspan="9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Bojonagara region</b></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮘᮧᮏᮧᮔᮌᮛ</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.05</td> <td>Andir <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮃᮔ᮪ᮓᮤᮁ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">3.71</td> <td align="right">94,361</td> <td align="right">96,262</td> <td align="right">98,102</td> <td>Garuda <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮌᮛᮥᮓ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">6</td> <td>40181 - 40184 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.06</td> <td>Cicendo <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮎᮦᮔ᮪ᮓᮧ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">6.86</td> <td align="right">96,491</td> <td align="right">92,327</td> <td align="right">93,549</td> <td>Arjuna <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮃᮁᮏᮥᮔ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">6</td> <td>40171 - 40175 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.07</td> <td>Sukajadi <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮞᮥᮊᮏᮓᮤ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">4.30</td> <td align="right">104,805</td> <td align="right">100,668</td> <td align="right">102,000</td> <td>Sukagalih <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮞᮥᮊᮌᮜᮤᮂ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">5</td> <td>40161 - 40164 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.01</td> <td>Sukasari <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮞᮥᮊᮞᮛᮤ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">6.27</td> <td align="right">79,211</td> <td align="right">74,886</td> <td align="right">75,877</td> <td>Sukarasa <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮞᮥᮊᮛᮞ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">4</td> <td>40151 - 40154 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" colspan="9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Cibeunying region</b></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮘᮩᮑᮤᮀ</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.09</td> <td>Bandung Wétan <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ ᮝᮦᮒᮔ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">3.39</td> <td align="right">29,807</td> <td align="right">26,854</td> <td align="right">27,209</td> <td>Tamansari <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮒᮙᮔ᮪ᮞᮛᮤ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">3</td> <td>40114 - 40116 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.18</td> <td>Cibeunying Kaler <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮘᮩᮑᮤᮀ ᮊᮜᮦᮁ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">4.50</td> <td align="right">68,807</td> <td align="right">67,104</td> <td align="right">67,992</td> <td>Cigadung <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮌᮓᮥᮀ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">4</td> <td>40122 - 40191 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.14</td> <td>Cibeunying Kidul <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮘᮩᮑᮤᮀ ᮊᮤᮓᮥᮜ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">5.25</td> <td align="right">104,575</td> <td align="right">107,389</td> <td align="right">109,652</td> <td>Cikutra <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮊᮥᮒᮢ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">6</td> <td>40121 - 40192 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.08</td> <td>Cidadap <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮓᮓᮕ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">6.11</td> <td align="right">56,325</td> <td align="right">52,702</td> <td align="right">53,399</td> <td>Hegarmanah <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮠᮦᮌᮁᮙᮔᮂ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">3</td> <td>40141 - 40143 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.02</td> <td>Coblong <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮧᮘᮣᮧᮀ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">7.35</td> <td align="right">127,588</td> <td align="right">110,205</td> <td align="right">111,663</td> <td>Dago <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮓᮌᮧ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">6</td> <td>40131 - 40135 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.19</td> <td>Sumur Bandung <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮞᮥᮙᮥᮁ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">3.40</td> <td align="right">34,486</td> <td align="right">34,137</td> <td align="right">34,589</td> <td>Merdeka <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮙᮨᮁᮓᮦᮊ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">4</td> <td>40111 - 40117 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" colspan="9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Gedébagé region</b></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮌᮨᮓᮦᮘᮌᮦ</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.23</td> <td>Rancasari <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮛᮔ᮪ᮎᮞᮛᮤ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">7.33</td> <td align="right">72,406</td> <td align="right">83,655</td> <td align="right">88,391</td> <td>Cipamokolan <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮕᮙᮧᮊᮧᮜᮔ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">4</td> <td>40292 - 40295 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.27</td> <td>Gedébagé <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮌᮨᮓᮦᮘᮌᮦ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">9.58</td> <td align="right">34,299</td> <td align="right">41,653</td> <td align="right">44,653</td> <td>Rancabolang <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮛᮔ᮪ᮎᮘᮧᮜᮀ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">4</td> <td>40294 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" colspan="9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Karéés region</b></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮊᮛᮦᮆᮞ᮪</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.12</td> <td>Batununggal <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮘᮒᮥᮔᮥᮀᮌᮜ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">5.03</td> <td align="right">116,935</td> <td align="right">115,501</td> <td align="right">117,030</td> <td>Gumuruh <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮌᮥᮙᮥᮛᮥᮂ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">8</td> <td>40271 - 40275 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.16</td> <td>Kiaracondong <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮊᮤᮃᮛᮎᮧᮔ᮪ᮓᮧᮀ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">6.12</td> <td align="right">127,616</td> <td align="right">126,657</td> <td align="right">128,333</td> <td>Babakan Sari <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮘᮘᮊᮔ᮪ ᮞᮛᮤ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">6</td> <td>40281 - 40285 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.13</td> <td>Lengkong <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮜᮦᮀᮊᮧᮀ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">5.90</td> <td align="right">69,307</td> <td align="right">66,231</td> <td align="right">67,108</td> <td>Malabar <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮙᮜᮘᮁ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">7</td> <td>40261 - 40265 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.11</td> <td>Regol <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮛᮦᮌᮧᮜ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">4.30</td> <td align="right">79,316</td> <td align="right">79,136</td> <td align="right">80,183</td> <td>Ciseureuh <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮞᮩᮛᮩᮂ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">7</td> <td>40251 - 40255 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" colspan="9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Kordon region</b></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮊᮧᮁᮓᮧᮔ᮪</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.21</td> <td>Bandung Kidul <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ ᮊᮤᮓᮥᮜ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">6.06</td> <td align="right">57,398</td> <td align="right">59,984</td> <td align="right">61.560</td> <td>Mengger <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮙᮦᮀᮌᮦᮁ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">4</td> <td>40256 - 40287 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.22</td> <td>Buah Batu <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮘᮥᮃᮂ ᮘᮒᮥ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">7.93</td> <td align="right">92,140</td> <td align="right">100,360</td> <td align="right">104,255</td> <td>Margasari <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮙᮁᮌᮞᮛᮤ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">4</td> <td>40286 - 40287 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" colspan="9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Tegalega region</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.15</td> <td>Bandung Kulon <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">6.46</td> <td align="right">138,644</td> <td align="right">138,813</td> <td align="right">140,700</td> <td>Caringin <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮛᮤᮍᮤᮔ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">8</td> <td>40211 - 40215 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.03</td> <td>Babakan Ciparay <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮘᮘᮊᮔ᮪ ᮎᮤᮕᮛᮚ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">7.45</td> <td align="right">143,203</td> <td align="right">142,440</td> <td align="right">144,327</td> <td>Babakan Ciparay <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮘᮘᮊᮔ᮪ ᮎᮤᮕᮛᮚ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">6</td> <td>40221 - 40227 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.04</td> <td>Bojongloa Kaler <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮘᮧᮏᮧᮀᮜᮧᮃ ᮊᮜᮦᮁ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">3.03</td> <td align="right">117,218</td> <td align="right">119,193</td> <td align="right">121,358</td> <td>Suka Asih <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮞᮥᮊ ᮃᮞᮤᮂ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">5</td> <td>40231 - 40233 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.17</td> <td>Bojongloa Kidul <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮘᮧᮏᮧᮀᮜᮧᮃ ᮊᮤᮓᮥᮜ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">6.26</td> <td align="right">83,600</td> <td align="right">86,740</td> <td align="right">88,834</td> <td>Situsaeur <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮞᮤᮒᮥᮞᮉᮁ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">6</td> <td>40234 - 40239 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.10</td> <td>Astana Anyar <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮃᮞ᮪ᮒᮔ ᮃᮑᮁ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">2.89</td> <td align="right">66,658</td> <td align="right">68,315</td> <td align="right">69,714</td> <td>Panjunan <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮕᮔ᮪ᮏᮩᮔᮔ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">6</td> <td>40241 - 40243 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" colspan="9"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Ujungberung region</b></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮅᮏᮥᮀᮘᮨᮛᮥᮀ</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cibiru" class="mw-redirect" title="Cibiru">Cibiru</a> <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮘᮤᮛᮥ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">6.32</td> <td align="right">67,412</td> <td align="right">72,090</td> <td align="right">74,481</td> <td>Cipadung <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮕᮓᮥᮀ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">4</td> <td>40614 - 40615 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.28</td> <td>Panyileukan <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮕᮑᮤᮜᮩᮊᮔ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">5.10</td> <td align="right">37,691</td> <td align="right">39,892</td> <td align="right">41,091</td> <td>Mekar Mulya <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮙᮨᮊᮁ ᮙᮥᮜ᮪ᮚ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">4</td> <td>40614 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.26</td> <td>Ujungberung <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮅᮏᮥᮀᮘᮨᮛᮥᮀ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">6.40</td> <td align="right">72,414</td> <td align="right">87,698</td> <td align="right">93,939</td> <td>Cigending <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮌᮨᮔ᮪ᮓᮤᮀ</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">5</td> <td>40611 - 40619 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32.73.29</td> <td>Cinambo <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮎᮤᮔᮙ᮪ᮘᮧ</span> </p> </td> <td align="right">3.68</td> <td align="right">23,762</td> <td align="right">25,363</td> <td align="right">26,190</td> <td>Pakemitan <p><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮕᮊᮨᮙᮤᮒᮔ᮪</span> </p> </td> <td align="center">4</td> <td>40296 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandung,_Bandung_City,_West_Java,_Indonesia_-_panoramio_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bandung%2C_Bandung_City%2C_West_Java%2C_Indonesia_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/220px-Bandung%2C_Bandung_City%2C_West_Java%2C_Indonesia_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bandung%2C_Bandung_City%2C_West_Java%2C_Indonesia_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/330px-Bandung%2C_Bandung_City%2C_West_Java%2C_Indonesia_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bandung%2C_Bandung_City%2C_West_Java%2C_Indonesia_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/440px-Bandung%2C_Bandung_City%2C_West_Java%2C_Indonesia_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trans_Studio_Bandung" title="Trans Studio Bandung">Trans Studio Mall Bandung</a>, is the second largest shopping mall in Bandung after <i>Paris Van Java Mall</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city's economy is mainly built upon tourism, business, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sttiss.ac.id/berita/detail/uir-terjunkan-29-mahasiswa-dalam-ekspedisi-nusantara-jaya">creative industry</a>, high-tech and manufacturing industries, educational institutions, technology, retail services, financial services, pharmaceutical companies, and food production.<sup id="cite_ref-Discover_Bandung_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Discover_Bandung-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The once quiet residential district of Dago has become an important business and entertainment centre with chic cafés and restaurants spread out along Jalan Dago. In the early 1990s, Jalan Cihampelas became a popular clothing store location and remains so today. Some important shopping malls of the city which are <a href="/wiki/Trans_Studio_Bandung" title="Trans Studio Bandung">Trans Studio Mall Bandung</a>, Summarecon Mall Bandung, Bandung Indah Plaza, Cihampelas Walk, Paris Van Java Mall, and 23 Paskal Shopping Center are among the popular shopping centres in Bandung. </p><p>Creative culture has shaped specific parts of the city's economy. Small businesses, known as "distro", sell non-<a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademarked</a> products made by local designers. Typical distro products are books, indie label records, magazines, fashion products, and other accessories. Distros are popular with young people and distance themselves from factory outlets in terms of <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>. They arise from individual designers and young entrepreneurs, while factory outlet products generally come from large-scale garment factories.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city administration has agreed to substantially develop seven industrial and trade areas for Bandung specialty products.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include Binong Jati Knitting Industrial and Trade Center, Cigondewah Textile Trade Center, Cihampelas Jeans Trade Center, Suci (T and Oblong) Shirt Industrial Center, Cibaduyut Shoes Industrial Center, Cibuntu Tofu and Tempeh Industrial Center, Sukamulya Sukajadi Doll Industrial Center. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tulisan_dari_Pidi_Baiq_di_Terowongan_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tulisan_dari_Pidi_Baiq_di_Terowongan_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Tulisan_dari_Pidi_Baiq_di_Terowongan_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tulisan_dari_Pidi_Baiq_di_Terowongan_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Tulisan_dari_Pidi_Baiq_di_Terowongan_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tulisan_dari_Pidi_Baiq_di_Terowongan_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Tulisan_dari_Pidi_Baiq_di_Terowongan_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="3757" /></a><figcaption>The Asian-African Street Tunnel is an iconic place in Bandung with quotes about the city's beauty.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bandung is a popular <a href="/wiki/Weekend" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekend">weekend</a> destination for residents of Jakarta. The colder climate of the highland plantation area, variety of food, less expensive <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion</a> shops located in factory outlets and <a href="#Economy">distros</a>, golf courses, and the <a href="/wiki/Bandung_Zoo" title="Bandung Zoo">zoo</a>, are some of the attractions of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bandung is also a popular shopping destination due to the cheap textile and fashion products, especially for <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian people">Malaysian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singaporean_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Singaporean people">Singaporean</a> tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1990s, local designers opened denim clothing stores along Jalan Cihampelas, which was transformed into a "jeans street". The city attracts people from other big cities to buy local fashion wares, as they are cheaper than branded items.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beside Jalan Cihampelas, many factory outlets also opened at Jalan Riau, <a href="/wiki/Braga_Street" title="Braga Street">Jalan Braga</a>, Jalan Setiabudi, and Jalan <a href="/wiki/Djuanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Djuanda">Djuanda</a> (known as <a href="/wiki/Dago,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dago, Indonesia">Dago</a>). Textile factories on the outskirts of Bandung have opened factory outlets on site selling what is marketed as <i>sisa export</i> (rejected or over-produced export quality items).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Significant tourist sites near Bandung include the <a href="/wiki/Tangkuban_Prahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangkuban Prahu">Tangkuban Prahu</a> volcano crater to the north, the <a href="/wiki/Kawah_Putih" title="Kawah Putih">Kawah Putih</a> volcano lake, and <a href="/wiki/Patenggang_Lake" title="Patenggang Lake">Patenggang Lake</a>, a lake surrounded by tea plantations about 50 kilometres (31 miles) to the south of the city. </p><p>To view the Bandung Basin clearly in its mountain surroundings, visitors travel to the Bongkor protected forest area (<span title="Indonesian-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="id-Latn">kawasan hutan lindung</span></span>), Saung Daweung and Arcamanik; to the slopes of West Manglayang Mountain in an area known as Caringin Tilu, with entry from Padasuka and Cicaheum to the north. The forest is located in 1,500 metres (4,900 <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">feet</a>) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a> and is covered with pine trees managed by a government corporation <a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perhutani" class="extiw" title="id:Perhutani">Perhutani</a> and can be accessed with 30 minutes drive from downtown.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Visitors going to the north of the city also find <a href="/wiki/Taman_Hutan_Raya_Ir._H._Djuanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda">Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda</a>. The Cicaheum area also hosts <i>Bukit Moko</i>, a tourist spot famous for its views and its steel statue of a giant star called <i>Puncak Bintang</i>. Bandung has several museums that should be visited by tourists, such as the <a href="/wiki/Geological_Museum_of_Bandung" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological Museum of Bandung">Geological Museum of Bandung</a>, the <a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Pos" class="extiw" title="id:Museum Pos">Indonesia Postal Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Baduga_Museum" title="Sri Baduga Museum">Sri Baduga Museum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Merdeka_Building" title="Merdeka Building">Asian-African Conference Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city government operates <a href="/wiki/Bandros" title="Bandros">Bandros</a>, a tourist bus, since 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1279587269">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>.l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (min-width:641px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{width:min-content}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Religion in Bandung (2023 Census)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:DarkGreen;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (91.79%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:DarkBlue;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (5.17%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Purple;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Roman_catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman catholic">Roman catholic</a> (2.14%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Gold;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (0.44%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:DarkOrange;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (0.06%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Red;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> (0.01%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Grey;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Others (0.01%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:#FEFDFD;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Other (0.38%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie50" style="background:DarkGreen;color:#000" title="Islam (91.79%)"></div> <div class="pie50" style="background:DarkGreen;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.418turn)" title="Islam (91.79%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:DarkBlue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.918turn)" title="Protestantism (5.17%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:DarkBlue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.920turn)" title="Protestantism (5.17%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.970turn); background:Purple;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 13.27179928% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Roman catholic (2.14%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.991turn); background:Gold;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 2.51380343% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Buddhism (0.44%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.995turn); background:DarkOrange;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 0.62832680% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Hinduism (0.06%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <p>Traditionally, Bandung's population is of <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">Sundanese</a> descent. <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> are the most significant ethnic Indonesian minority and mostly come from the <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">central</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">the eastern parts of Java</a>. Other minorities include <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minahasan_people" title="Minahasan people">Minahasan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesians" title="Chinese Indonesians">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batak" title="Batak">Batak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malay_Indonesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay Indonesian">Malay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>. Bandung's population are mainly Muslims but small communuties of Christians, Hindus and Buddhists also exist in the city. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>2005 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2020 </th> <th>2023 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Population </td> <td align="right">2,288,570 </td> <td align="right">2,394,873 </td> <td align="right">2,480,615 </td> <td align="right">2,444,160 </td> <td align="right">2,506,603 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Population density (per km<sup>2</sup>) </td> <td align="right">13,679 </td> <td align="right">14,314 </td> <td align="right">14,826 </td> <td align="right">14,609 </td> <td align="right">14,982 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2005, the population of Bandung was 2.29 million people with a density of <span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7004136900000000000♠"></span>13,690/km<sup>2</sup> (35,457/sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The May 2010 census enumerated 2.395 million people<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that of May 2020 enumerated 2.444 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on data from <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Indonesia" title="Statistics Indonesia">Statistics Indonesia</a>, the population of Bandung in mid 2023 was 2,506,603 (comprising 1,259,236 males and 1,247,367 females),<sup id="cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making Bandung the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_population" title="List of Indonesian cities by population">third-most populous city in Indonesia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bandung is a significant cultural hub in Indonesia. Most people in the surrounding province of West Java are <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_people" title="Sundanese people">ethnically Sundanese</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a> often spoken as a first language, and the standard and informal language for communication in streets, school, work, and markets. As in the rest of the country, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">standard Indonesian</a> serves as the <i>lingua franca</i> and primary language of government, business, media, and formal education. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Musical_groups_from_Bandung" title="Category:Musical groups from Bandung">Category:Musical groups from Bandung</a></div> <p>Bandung is one of the cities in Indonesia that has a long history in the world of music. Since the Dutch colonial era, Bandung has been the center of music in Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bandung has notable <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> with creative cities with specially music band is majority founded over there.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bands such as <a href="/wiki/Kahitna" title="Kahitna">Kahitna</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Changcuters" title="The Changcuters">The Changcuters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smash_(Indonesian_band)" title="Smash (Indonesian band)">SM*SH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yovie_%26_Nuno" title="Yovie & Nuno">Yovie & Nuno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noah_(band)" title="Noah (band)">Noah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Project_Pop" title="Project Pop">Project Pop</a> were founded and established in Bandung. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peparnas_XV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Peparnas_XV.jpg/220px-Peparnas_XV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Peparnas_XV.jpg/330px-Peparnas_XV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Peparnas_XV.jpg/440px-Peparnas_XV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Opening <a href="/wiki/National_Sports_Week_(Indonesia)#Pekan_Paralimpik_Nasional_(National_Paralympic_Week)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Sports Week (Indonesia)">National Paralympic Week</a> 2016 (XV) in <a href="/wiki/Siliwangi_Stadium" title="Siliwangi Stadium">Siliwangi Stadium</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Bandung is the home of <a href="/wiki/Persib_Bandung" title="Persib Bandung">Persib Bandung</a>, a professional football club currently competing in the highest tier of Indonesian football, the <i><a href="/wiki/Liga_1_(Indonesia)" title="Liga 1 (Indonesia)">Liga 1</a></i>. Bandung is also home of Prawira Bandung (ex Garuda Bandung), a professional basketball club currently competes in the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Basketball_League" title="Indonesian Basketball League">Indonesian Basketball League</a>, with its home games in the <i>GOR Citra Arena</i>. The roads leading up to <a href="/wiki/Lembang" title="Lembang">Lembang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dago,_Bandung" title="Dago, Bandung">Dago</a> are popular routes for mountain <a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">cycling</a> on weekends, as Jalan Ir. H. Djuanda and Jalan Buah Batu is zoned as <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">car-free</a> on Sunday mornings.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other popular sports in Bandung include <a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>, with several <a href="/wiki/Golf_courses" class="mw-redirect" title="Golf courses">golf courses</a> surrounding the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Bandung,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of radio stations in Bandung, Indonesia">List of radio stations in Bandung, Indonesia</a></div> <p>Bandung has several local daily newspapers, including <i><a href="/wiki/Pikiran_Rakyat" title="Pikiran Rakyat">Pikiran Rakyat</a></i>, <i>Galamedia</i>, and <i>Tribun Jabar</i>. Several local television stations operate in Bandung, including <a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">TVRI</a> Jawa Barat (a public regional station serving West Java, which headquartered in the city), Bandung TV, <a href="/wiki/MQTV" title="MQTV">MQTV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parijz_van_Java_TV" title="Parijz van Java TV">PJTV</a>. Many radio stations, such as Ardan FM, KLCBS, MQFM and OZ Radio, <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Bandung,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of radio stations in Bandung, Indonesia">also broadcast from Bandung</a>. </p><p>The city of Bandung was featured in the 9th and 10th leg of the American reality series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Race_23" title="The Amazing Race 23">The Amazing Race 23</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandung_pasopati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bandung_pasopati.jpg/250px-Bandung_pasopati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bandung_pasopati.jpg/330px-Bandung_pasopati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bandung_pasopati.jpg/500px-Bandung_pasopati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pasupati_Bridge" title="Pasupati Bridge">Pasupati Bridge</a> is the most famous bridge in Bandung and second-longest bridge in Indonesia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bandung can be accessed by highways from Jakarta. An intercity toll highway called <a href="/wiki/Cipularang_Toll_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Cipularang Toll Road">Cipularang Toll Road</a>, connecting Jakarta, <a href="/wiki/Karawang" title="Karawang">Karawang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purwakarta" title="Purwakarta">Purwakarta</a>, Padalarang and Bandung, was completed in May 2005, and is the fastest way to reach Bandung from the capital by road. Driving time is about 1.5 hours on average. There are three other options: the Puncak route (Jakarta-<a href="/wiki/Cianjur" title="Cianjur">Cianjur</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sukabumi" title="Sukabumi">Sukabumi</a>-Bandung), Purwakarta route (Jakarta-Cikampek-Purwakarta-Cikalong Wetan-Padalarang-Cimahi-Bandung) and the Subang route (Jakarta-<a href="/wiki/Cikampek" title="Cikampek">Cikampek</a>-<a href="/wiki/Subang,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Subang, Indonesia">Subang</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lembang" title="Lembang">Lembang</a>-Bandung). From cities further east (<a href="/wiki/Cirebon" title="Cirebon">Cirebon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasikmalaya" title="Tasikmalaya">Tasikmalaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a> province), Bandung can be accessed through the main provincial road. <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Route_3" title="Indonesian National Route 3">Indonesian National Route 3</a> links Bandung with the rest of Java towards <a href="/wiki/Cilegon" title="Cilegon">Cilegon</a> and Ketapang (<a href="/wiki/Banyuwangi" class="mw-redirect" title="Banyuwangi">Banyuwangi</a>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pasupati_Bridge" title="Pasupati Bridge">Pasupati Bridge</a> was built to relieve traffic congestion in the city for east–west transport. The 2.8-kilometre (1.7 mi) <a href="/wiki/Cable-stayed_bridge" title="Cable-stayed bridge">cable-stayed bridge</a> lies through the Cikapundung Valley. It is 30 to 60 metres (98 to 197 feet) wide and, after extensive delays, it was finally completed in June 2005, following financial investment from <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge is part of Bandung's comprehensive inner-city highways plan. </p><p>Bandung has two intercity bus terminals: Leuwipanjang, serving buses from the west, and Cicaheum, serving buses from the east. Both are at full capacity and are to be replaced by a new terminal at Gedebage on 15 hectares (37 acres) land, after which the old terminals will function as inner-city terminals. The new terminal will be located next to the Gedebage railway station near Gedebage container dry port.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">Taxis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carpooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpooling">Carpooling</a> are widely available. The primary means of public transportation is by <i><a href="/wiki/Share_taxi#Indonesia" title="Share taxi">angkot</a></i> minibuses (from <i>angkutan</i>, "transportation" and <i>kota</i>, "city"); <i>angkot</i> are privately operated and serve multiple routes throughout the city, and although cheap, they are considered basic and uncomfortable.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To find exact angkot routes, passengers may look for information available through the drivers or at terminals. </p><p>Due to the current extent of railway lines in Bandung, only two named regional railway services, <i>Lokal Bandung Raya</i> and <i>Lokal Garut Cibatuan</i>, are serving the city, serving a single line. It catered for the suburban areas east and west of the city such as <a href="/wiki/Cimahi" title="Cimahi">Cimahi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Padalarang,_West_Bandung" title="Padalarang, West Bandung">Padalarang</a>, Rancaekek, Cicalengka, as well as some other neighbouring towns such as Garut and Purwakarta. KAI Commuter took over the operations of both services from its mother company KAI in 2022, anticipating planned electrification of the route by Ministry of Transport.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BOSEH" class="extiw" title="id:BOSEH">Boseh</a> is a dock-based <a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">bicycle-sharing system</a> provided by the Transport Service (<i>Dinas Perhubungan</i>) of Bandung.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Jabar_Trans_at_IKEA_Kota_Baru_Parahyangan_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Metro_Jabar_Trans_at_IKEA_Kota_Baru_Parahyangan_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Metro_Jabar_Trans_at_IKEA_Kota_Baru_Parahyangan_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Metro_Jabar_Trans_at_IKEA_Kota_Baru_Parahyangan_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Metro_Jabar_Trans_at_IKEA_Kota_Baru_Parahyangan_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Metro_Jabar_Trans_at_IKEA_Kota_Baru_Parahyangan_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Metro_Jabar_Trans_at_IKEA_Kota_Baru_Parahyangan_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3629" data-file-height="2106" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metro_Jabar_Trans" title="Metro Jabar Trans">Metro Jabar Trans</a> corridor 2D bus stopping at <a href="/wiki/IKEA" title="IKEA">IKEA</a> Kota Baru Parahyangan</figcaption></figure> <p>Public buses in Bandung and its surrounding urban area are operated by various operators, with a total 16 bus lines currently operating. <a href="/wiki/Perum_DAMRI" title="Perum DAMRI"><i>DAMRI</i></a> buses used to dominate as the main bus operator serving the city and its surrounding metropolitan area, first operating in the 1970s, with at some point operating more than 10 routes. However, it collapsed in October 2021, leaving 5 routes still operating.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the example of TransJakarta, the city government introduced its own BRT system called Trans Metro Bandung on 24 September 2009. By 2022, it served 5 trunk corridors and 1 feeder routes.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both DAMRI and Trans Metro Bandung buses uses higher deck buses similar to TransJakarta, but could be stopped anywhere along its route and do not run separately from traffic. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trans_Metro_Bandung_Corridor_5_Buses_at_Gedebage_Bus_Garage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Trans_Metro_Bandung_Corridor_5_Buses_at_Gedebage_Bus_Garage.jpg/250px-Trans_Metro_Bandung_Corridor_5_Buses_at_Gedebage_Bus_Garage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Trans_Metro_Bandung_Corridor_5_Buses_at_Gedebage_Bus_Garage.jpg/330px-Trans_Metro_Bandung_Corridor_5_Buses_at_Gedebage_Bus_Garage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Trans_Metro_Bandung_Corridor_5_Buses_at_Gedebage_Bus_Garage.jpg/500px-Trans_Metro_Bandung_Corridor_5_Buses_at_Gedebage_Bus_Garage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3932" data-file-height="2210" /></a><figcaption>Trans Metro Bandung Corridor 5 Buses stopped at <a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedebage,_Bandung" class="extiw" title="id:Gedebage, Bandung">Gedebage</a> Bus Garage</figcaption></figure> <p>Provincial government of West Java also operates a bus route called as Safe and Healthy Bus Rapid Transit (shortened Buratas), serving only a single line.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of nationwide bus services modernization program called as Teman Bus, a more disciplined system branded as <a href="/wiki/Trans_Metro_Pasundan" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans Metro Pasundan">Trans Metro Pasundan</a> was introduced by central government's Ministry of Transportation in December 2021. Two operators, Big Bird (part of <a href="/wiki/Blue_Bird_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Bird Group">Blue Bird Group</a>) and DAMRI operated 5 routes inherited from former DAMRI routes under a contract with Ministry of Transport.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Introduction of new bus routes in Bandung often faced resistance from <i>angkots</i> and extortion attempts by so-called local patrons due to perception that their revenues being stolen, leading to blockades and verbal threats against bus drivers.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to fragmentation of brands and operators, passengers must pay again when transiting to other bus lines or to other modes such as trains. Only Trans Metro Pasundan has integrated tariff, enabling users not to pay again when transferring to other routes within the system. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angkot_Bandung_Sadang_Serang-Caringin_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Angkot_Bandung_Sadang_Serang-Caringin_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Angkot_Bandung_Sadang_Serang-Caringin_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Angkot_Bandung_Sadang_Serang-Caringin_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Angkot_Bandung_Sadang_Serang-Caringin_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Angkot_Bandung_Sadang_Serang-Caringin_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Angkot_Bandung_Sadang_Serang-Caringin_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="2035" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Angkot</a> serving Sadang Serang to Caringin</figcaption></figure> <p>A more comprehensive plan to revitalize the bus system will be implemented in 2024, extending from the Trans Metro Pasundan project. It would integrate all operators within a single system called Trans Bagja,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with proper Bus Rapid Transit features such as dedicated lanes, frequent bus availability and bus stops.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The planned system intended to use electric powered buses, both imported and locally produced.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bandung city government also operated a fleet of city tour buses called as Bandung Tour on Bus (shortened Bandros). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Bandung_Regional_Train_in_Haurpugur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Commuter rail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Greater_Bandung_Regional_Train_in_Haurpugur.jpg/220px-Greater_Bandung_Regional_Train_in_Haurpugur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Greater_Bandung_Regional_Train_in_Haurpugur.jpg/330px-Greater_Bandung_Regional_Train_in_Haurpugur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Greater_Bandung_Regional_Train_in_Haurpugur.jpg/440px-Greater_Bandung_Regional_Train_in_Haurpugur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1254" data-file-height="705" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KCIC_400-5_with_Whoosh_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="HSR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/KCIC_400-5_with_Whoosh_logo.jpg/220px-KCIC_400-5_with_Whoosh_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/KCIC_400-5_with_Whoosh_logo.jpg/330px-KCIC_400-5_with_Whoosh_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/KCIC_400-5_with_Whoosh_logo.jpg/440px-KCIC_400-5_with_Whoosh_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5870" data-file-height="3913" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Various rail-based means of transport in Bandung; from up to down: <a href="/wiki/KAI_Commuter_Line_Bandung" class="mw-redirect" title="KAI Commuter Line Bandung">Commuter rail</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Indonesia" title="High-speed rail in Indonesia">HSR</a></div></div></div></div> <p>Bandung has two large railway stations, <a href="/wiki/Bandung_railway_station" title="Bandung railway station">Bandung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kiaracondong_railway_station" title="Kiaracondong railway station">Kiaracondong Stations</a>. Other smaller stations are <a href="/wiki/Cimindi_railway_station" title="Cimindi railway station">Cimindi</a>, Andir, <a href="/wiki/Ciroyom_railway_station" title="Ciroyom railway station">Ciroyom</a>, Cikudapateuh, and Gedebage Stations. Railway lines connect Bandung to <a href="/wiki/Cianjur" title="Cianjur">Cianjur</a>, Jakarta, <a href="/wiki/Purwakarta" title="Purwakarta">Purwakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bekasi" title="Bekasi">Bekasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karawang" title="Karawang">Karawang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cikampek" title="Cikampek">Cikampek</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malang" title="Malang">Malang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solo,_Central_Java" class="mw-redirect" title="Solo, Central Java">Solo</a> to the east. The <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Indonesia" title="High-speed rail in Indonesia">Whoosh high-speed rail</a> line currently provides train service from nearby <a href="/wiki/Padalarang_railway_station" title="Padalarang railway station">Padalarang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tegalluar_railway_station" title="Tegalluar railway station">Tegalluar</a> to Jakarta's <a href="/wiki/Halim_railway_station" title="Halim railway station">Halim station</a>. Due to constraints, stations serving Bandung are neither within Bandung city centre nor the limits of Bandung city. Instead, a <a href="/wiki/KCJB_Feeder_Train" title="KCJB Feeder Train">feeder</a> service will ply between <a href="/wiki/Padalarang_railway_station" title="Padalarang railway station">Padalarang HSR</a> station and the main Bandung station, using existing tracks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bandung's main airport, <a href="/wiki/Husein_Sastranegara_Airport" title="Husein Sastranegara Airport">Husein Sastranegara Internasional Airport</a> (BDO). The airport is located near the Dirgantara aerospace complex and Dirgantara Fairground. The <a href="/wiki/Kertajati_International_Airport" title="Kertajati International Airport">Kertajati International Airport</a> in Majalengka Regency was built to replace the Husein Sastranegara Internasional Airport.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Redevelopment of the existing Husein Sastranegara Internasional Airport (BDO) was completed in 2016. The new and larger second airport for the Greater Bandung Area; <a href="/wiki/Kertajati_International_Airport" title="Kertajati International Airport">Kertajati International Airport</a> (KJT) opened in June 2018, just in time for the <a href="/wiki/2018_Asian_Games" title="2018 Asian Games">2018 Asian Games</a>. On 11 July 2023, Indonesian President <a href="/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Joko Widodo</a> announced that Husein Sastranegara Internasional Airport will be retired and all commercial flights will be moved to Kertajati starting October 2023 when it is fully operational.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ITB_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/ITB_1.jpg/220px-ITB_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/ITB_1.jpg/330px-ITB_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/ITB_1.jpg/440px-ITB_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Institute_of_Technology" title="Bandung Institute of Technology">Bandung Institute of Technology</a> (ITB) campus building</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rectorate_of_University_of_Padjadjaran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Rectorate_of_University_of_Padjadjaran.jpg/220px-Rectorate_of_University_of_Padjadjaran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Rectorate_of_University_of_Padjadjaran.jpg/330px-Rectorate_of_University_of_Padjadjaran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Rectorate_of_University_of_Padjadjaran.jpg/440px-Rectorate_of_University_of_Padjadjaran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Padjadjaran_University" title="Padjadjaran University">Padjadjaran University</a> (UNPAD) rectorate building</figcaption></figure> <p>Bandung has nearly 50 higher educational institutions and is among the most popular destinations for education in Indonesia. There are hundreds of public and private schools in the city and several state-funded and administered Junior High Schools (SMP Negeri), State High Schools (SMA Negeri) and State Vocational School (SMK). At least sixteen universities—three of which are state-owned—and 45 <a href="/wiki/Professional_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional schools">professional schools</a> are scattered across the city. Education from social sciences and technology to tourism education can be found at one of these universities. </p><p>Among the universities located in Bandung include <a href="/wiki/Bandung_Institute_of_Technology" title="Bandung Institute of Technology">Bandung Institute of Technology</a> (<i>Institut Teknologi Bandung</i>, ITB), <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Padjadjaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas Padjadjaran">Universitas Padjadjaran</a> (Padjadjaran University), <a href="/wiki/Telkom_University" title="Telkom University">Telkom University</a> (Universitas Telkom), <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology_(Indonesia)" title="National Institute of Technology (Indonesia)">National Institute of Technology (Indonesia)</a> (Institut Teknologi Nasional), <a href="/wiki/Parahyangan_Catholic_University" title="Parahyangan Catholic University">Parahyangan Catholic University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Islam_Bandung" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas Islam Bandung">Universitas Islam Bandung</a> (Bandung Islamic University), <a href="/wiki/Maranatha_Christian_University" title="Maranatha Christian University">Universitas Kristen Maranatha</a> (Maranatha Christian University), Universitas Islam Nusantara (Nusantara Islamic University), <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Pendidikan_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia">Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia</a> (Indonesia University of Education), Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati (Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University), Universitas Pasundan (Pasundan University), Politeknik Negeri Bandung (Bandung State Polytechnic), and Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Bandung (Bandung Institute of Tourism), Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia (Art and culture institute Indonesia) all being considered among the best universities in their respective fields of speciality in Indonesia. Established in 1920, ITB is Indonesia's oldest and most prestigious technical university. <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Pendidikan_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia">Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia</a> (formerly IKIP Bandung, established in 1954) is one of the first institutions of higher education established after Indonesian independence and is currently a leading education university in the country. <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Padjadjaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas Padjadjaran">Universitas Padjadjaran</a> (established in 1956) is considered to be one of the best universities in the country in the fields of medicine, law, communication, and economics. </p><p>International schools are also available in the city. They include the <a href="/wiki/Bandung_Alliance_Intercultural_School" title="Bandung Alliance Intercultural School">Bandung Alliance Intercultural School</a>, Bandung Independent School, Bandung Japanese School (バンドン日本人学校), <a href="/wiki/Bina_Bangsa_School" title="Bina Bangsa School">Bina Bangsa School</a> Bandung, Bina Persada School, and Stamford School. In the north of Bandung, <a href="/wiki/Bosscha_Observatory" title="Bosscha Observatory">Bosscha Observatory</a> is the only <a href="/wiki/Observatory" title="Observatory">observatory</a> in Indonesia. Construction of the observatory began in 1923 and was completed in 1928. In 1922, the first international publication from Bosscha Observatory was published, and in 1959, the observatory was absorbed as a part of the Department of <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a> at the Bandung Institute of Technology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bandung" title="Special:EditPage/Bandung">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_town_and_sister_cities_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of twin town and sister cities in Indonesia">List of twin town and sister cities in Indonesia</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sister_city_marker_Bandung_-_Liuzhou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sister_city_marker_Bandung_-_Liuzhou.jpg/170px-Sister_city_marker_Bandung_-_Liuzhou.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sister_city_marker_Bandung_-_Liuzhou.jpg/255px-Sister_city_marker_Bandung_-_Liuzhou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sister_city_marker_Bandung_-_Liuzhou.jpg/340px-Sister_city_marker_Bandung_-_Liuzhou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Monument to the sister-city relationship between Bandung and <a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a>, China.</figcaption></figure> <p>Several countries have set up their consulates in Bandung, including <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, etc. </p><p>Bandung has <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">sister relationships</a> with a number of cities worldwide: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><sup id="cite_ref-Braunschweig_twinnings_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braunschweig_twinnings-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maguindanao_del_Norte" title="Maguindanao del Norte">Maguindanao del Norte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-SCI_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCI-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu" title="Hamamatsu">Hamamatsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture" title="Shizuoka Prefecture">Shizuoka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(State)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (State)">Victoria (State)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pekanbaru" title="Pekanbaru">Pekanbaru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Petaling_Jaya" title="Petaling Jaya">Petaling Jaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Suwon" title="Suwon">Suwon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyeonggi-do" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyeonggi-do">Gyeonggi-do</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Udon_Thani" title="Udon Thani">Udon Thani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Udon_Thani_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Udon Thani Province">Udon Thani Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tutong_(town)" title="Tutong (town)">Pekan Tutong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tutong_District" title="Tutong District">Tutong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei_Darussalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei Darussalam">Brunei Darussalam</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Bandung" title="Category:People from Bandung">People from Bandung</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_buildings_in_Bandung" title="List of colonial buildings in Bandung">Colonial architecture of Bandung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung metropolitan area</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a>: <span lang="su"><span lang="su" style="font-family:'Noto Sans Sundanese', 'Sundanese Unicode 2013'; font-size:;">ᮊᮧᮒ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ</span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Sundanese-language romanization"><i lang="su-Latn">Kota Bandung</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="su-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈbandʊŋ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/ff\/LL-Q34002_%28sun%29-A2613-Bandung.wav\/LL-Q34002_%28sun%29-A2613-Bandung.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q34002 (sun)-A2613-Bandung.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q34002_%28sun%29-A2613-Bandung.wav/LL-Q34002_%28sun%29-A2613-Bandung.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q34002_(sun)-A2613-Bandung.wav" title="File:LL-Q34002 (sun)-A2613-Bandung.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Van_Ophuijsen_Spelling_System" title="Van Ophuijsen Spelling System">Van Ophuijsen Spelling</a>: <i>Bandoeng</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-anniversary-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anniversary_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anniversary_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disdik.jabarprov.go.id/news/461/asal-muasal-dan-sejarah-bandung">"Dinas Pendidikan Jawa Barat"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dinas+Pendidikan+Jawa+Barat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisdik.jabarprov.go.id%2Fnews%2F461%2Fasal-muasal-dan-sejarah-bandung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elevasi_Bandung-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-elevasi_Bandung_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bandung.go.id/profile">"Tentang Kota Bandung"</a>. <i>bandung.go.id</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bandung.go.id&rft.atitle=Tentang+Kota+Bandung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bandung.go.id%2Fprofile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, <i>Kota Bandung Dalam Angka 2024</i> (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3273)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Demog18th-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Demog18th_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">"Demographia World Urban Areas, 18th Annual Edition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Demographia+World+Urban+Areas%2C+18th+Annual+Edition&rft.date=2022-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demographia.com%2Fdb-worldua.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PU-net-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PU-net_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PU-net_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331134623/http://perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id/v2/metropolitan/4">"PU-net"</a>. <i>perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id/v2/metropolitan/4">the original</a> on 31 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id&rft.atitle=PU-net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id%2Fv2%2Fmetropolitan%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBadan_Pusat_Statistika_Provinsi_Jabar" class="citation web cs1">Badan Pusat Statistika Provinsi Jabar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119175828/https://jabar.bps.go.id/publication/2001/11/01/c20572fc90585d6f369e5241/karakteristik-penduduk-jawa-barat-hasil-sensus-penduduk-2000-.html?msclkid=0aedc90ed04311ec8572f94536008863">"KARAKTERISTIK PENDUDUK JAWA BARAT HASIL SENSUS PENDUDUK 2000"</a>. <i>bps.jabar.go.id</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jabar.bps.go.id/publication/2001/11/01/c20572fc90585d6f369e5241/karakteristik-penduduk-jawa-barat-hasil-sensus-penduduk-2000-.html?msclkid=0aedc90ed04311ec8572f94536008863">the original</a> on 19 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bps.jabar.go.id&rft.atitle=KARAKTERISTIK+PENDUDUK+JAWA+BARAT+HASIL+SENSUS+PENDUDUK+2000&rft.au=Badan+Pusat+Statistika+Provinsi+Jabar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjabar.bps.go.id%2Fpublication%2F2001%2F11%2F01%2Fc20572fc90585d6f369e5241%2Fkarakteristik-penduduk-jawa-barat-hasil-sensus-penduduk-2000-.html%3Fmsclkid%3D0aedc90ed04311ec8572f94536008863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_Indonesia" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Statistics_Indonesia" title="Statistics Indonesia">Statistics Indonesia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bandungkota.bps.go.id/statictable/2020/12/03/1275/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama-yang-dianut-di-kota-bandung-2019.html">"Population by Religion in Bandung Municipality, 2019"</a>. <i>bandungkota.bps.go.id</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bandungkota.bps.go.id&rft.atitle=Population+by+Religion+in+Bandung+Municipality%2C+2019&rft.au=Statistics+Indonesia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbandungkota.bps.go.id%2Fstatictable%2F2020%2F12%2F03%2F1275%2Fjumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama-yang-dianut-di-kota-bandung-2019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBadan_Pusat_Statistik_Jawa_Barat2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Statistics_Indonesia" title="Statistics Indonesia">Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Barat</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jabar.bps.go.id/publication/2024/02/28/35ffe2d35104b39feb577e8f/provinsi-jawa-barat-dalam-angka-2024.html">"Provinsi Jawa Barat Dalam Angka 2024"</a>. <i>jabar.bps.go.id</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tujuh+Sentra+Industri+Jadi+Ciri+Bandung+2013&rft.date=2012-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pikiran-rakyat.com%2Fnode%2F179610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Java Experience <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://travel.ciao.co.uk/Java_Experience_5297272_5">http://travel.ciao.co.uk/Java_Experience_5297272_5</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060508000354/http://travel.ciao.co.uk/Java_Experience_5297272_5">Archived</a> 8 May 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/07/16/malaysians-flock-bandung-shop.html">Malaysians flock to Bandung to shop</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Asia Travel <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.asiatravel.com/bandinfo.html">http://www.asiatravel.com/bandinfo.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060828161046/http://asiatravel.com/bandinfo.html">Archived</a> 28 August 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Lively Pulse of Bandung <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427183652/http://www.thingsasian.com/goto_article/article.2543.html">"The Lively Pulse of Bandung -- ThingsAsian Article"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sister+Cities+International&rft.atitle=Fort+Worth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sister-cities.org%2Finteractive-map%2FFort%2520Worth%2C%2520Texas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFM_Zezen_Zainal_M2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">M Zezen Zainal M (21 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190926030359/https://bandungkita.id/2019/09/21/sarawak-malaysia-jajaki-kerjasama-sister-city-dengan-kota-bandung/">"Sarawak Malaysia Jajaki Kerjasama Sister City dengan Kota Bandung"</a> [Sarawak Malaysia Establish Sister City Co-operation with Bandung City] (in Indonesian). Bandung Kita. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bandungkita.id/2019/09/21/sarawak-malaysia-jajaki-kerjasama-sister-city-dengan-kota-bandung/">the original</a> on 26 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+Malaysia+Jajaki+Kerjasama+Sister+City+dengan+Kota+Bandung&rft.pub=Bandung+Kita&rft.date=2019-09-21&rft.au=M+Zezen+Zainal+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbandungkita.id%2F2019%2F09%2F21%2Fsarawak-malaysia-jajaki-kerjasama-sister-city-dengan-kota-bandung%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrilliant_Awal2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brilliant Awal (21 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190926030659/http://www.galamedianews.com/bandung-raya/234505/sarawak-malaysia-ajak-kota-bandung-jadi-sister-city.html">"Sarawak Malaysia Ajak Kota Bandung Jadi Sister City"</a> [Sarawak Malaysia Invites Bandung City To Become Sister City] (in Indonesian). Gala Media News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galamedianews.com/bandung-raya/234505/sarawak-malaysia-ajak-kota-bandung-jadi-sister-city.html">the original</a> on 26 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarawak+Malaysia+Ajak+Kota+Bandung+Jadi+Sister+City&rft.pub=Gala+Media+News&rft.date=2019-09-21&rft.au=Brilliant+Awal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.galamedianews.com%2Fbandung-raya%2F234505%2Fsarawak-malaysia-ajak-kota-bandung-jadi-sister-city.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sistercitiesaustralia.com/las-vegas-and-bandung-bridging-cultures-across-the-globe/">"Sutardja & TF Indonesia"</a>. <i>sistercitiesaustralia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sistercitiesaustralia.com&rft.atitle=Sutardja+%26+TF+Indonesia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsistercitiesaustralia.com%2Flas-vegas-and-bandung-bridging-cultures-across-the-globe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pojoksatu.id/bandung/2023/04/05/dprd-kota-bandung-restui-sister-city-kota-bandung-dan-melbourne/">"DPRD Kota Bandung Restui Sister City Kota Bandung dan Melbourne"</a>. <i>pojoksatu.id</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pojoksatu.id&rft.atitle=DPRD+Kota+Bandung+Restui+Sister+City+Kota+Bandung+dan+Melbourne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpojoksatu.id%2Fbandung%2F2023%2F04%2F05%2Fdprd-kota-bandung-restui-sister-city-kota-bandung-dan-melbourne%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.antaranews.com/en/news/113008/namur-bandung-ink-sister-city-partnership">"Namur, Bandung ink sister-city partnership"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120811212547/http://www.starproperty.my/PropertyScene/TheStarOnlineHighlightBox/24106/0/0">"A second sister city for PJ"</a>. <i>starproperty.my</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.starproperty.my/PropertyScene/TheStarOnlineHighlightBox/24106/0/0">the original</a> on 11 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=starproperty.my&rft.atitle=A+second+sister+city+for+PJ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.starproperty.my%2FPropertyScene%2FTheStarOnlineHighlightBox%2F24106%2F0%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABandung" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandung&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bandung" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bandung">Bandung</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bandung#Q10389" class="extiw" title="voy:Bandung">Bandung</a> travel guide 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Bandung26" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Bandung</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td>Northwest<br /><i>Parongpong</i>, West Bandung Regency</td> <td>North<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Lembang" title="Lembang">Lembang</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bandung_Regency" title="West Bandung Regency">West Bandung Regency</a></td> <td>Northeast<br /><i>Cijambe</i>, West Bandung Regency</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%">West<br /><a href="/wiki/Cimahi" title="Cimahi">Cimahi</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Bandung</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%">East<br /><i>Cileunyi</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bandung_Regency" title="Bandung Regency">Bandung Regency</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><i>Margaasih</i>, Bandung Regency<br />Southwest</td> <td><i>Bojongsoang</i>, Bandung Regency<br />South</td> <td><i>Rancaekek</i>, Bandung Regency<br />Southeast</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regencies_and_cities_of_West_Java180" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:West_Java" title="Template:West Java"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:West_Java" title="Template talk:West Java"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:West_Java" title="Special:EditPage/Template:West Java"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regencies_and_cities_of_West_Java180" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regencies and cities of <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bandung</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align: top"><a href="/wiki/Regency_(Indonesia)" title="Regency (Indonesia)">Regencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;vertical-align: top"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Regency" title="Bandung Regency">Bandung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekasi_Regency" title="Bekasi Regency">Bekasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogor_Regency" title="Bogor Regency">Bogor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciamis_Regency" title="Ciamis Regency">Ciamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cianjur_Regency" title="Cianjur Regency">Cianjur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirebon_Regency" title="Cirebon Regency">Cirebon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garut_Regency" title="Garut Regency">Garut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indramayu_Regency" title="Indramayu Regency">Indramayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karawang_Regency" title="Karawang Regency">Karawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuningan_Regency" title="Kuningan Regency">Kuningan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majalengka_Regency" title="Majalengka Regency">Majalengka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangandaran_Regency" title="Pangandaran Regency">Pangandaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purwakarta_Regency" title="Purwakarta Regency">Purwakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subang_Regency" title="Subang Regency">Subang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukabumi_Regency" title="Sukabumi Regency">Sukabumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumedang_Regency" title="Sumedang Regency">Sumedang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasikmalaya_Regency" title="Tasikmalaya Regency">Tasikmalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bandung_Regency" title="West Bandung Regency">West Bandung</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_West_Java.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="West Java"><img alt="West Java" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Coat_of_arms_of_West_Java.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_West_Java.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Coat_of_arms_of_West_Java.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_West_Java.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Coat_of_arms_of_West_Java.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_West_Java.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="597" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align: top"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Indonesia" title="City status in Indonesia">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;vertical-align: top"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bandung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar,_West_Java" title="Banjar, West Java">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekasi" title="Bekasi">Bekasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogor" title="Bogor">Bogor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimahi" title="Cimahi">Cimahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirebon" title="Cirebon">Cirebon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depok" title="Depok">Depok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukabumi" title="Sukabumi">Sukabumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasikmalaya" title="Tasikmalaya">Tasikmalaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_regencies_and_cities_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regencies and cities of Indonesia">List of regencies and cities of Indonesia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Bandung94" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Bandung94" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Bandung</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial_capitals_in_Indonesia224" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provincial_capitals_in_Indonesia" title="Template:Provincial capitals in Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_capitals_in_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Provincial capitals in Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_capitals_in_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial capitals in Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial_capitals_in_Indonesia224" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Indonesia" title="Provinces of Indonesia">Provincial</a> capitals in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Aceh" title="Banda Aceh">Banda Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Lampung" title="Bandar Lampung">Bandar Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengkulu_(city)" title="Bengkulu (city)">Bengkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi_(city)" title="Jambi (city)">Jambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangkalpinang" title="Pangkalpinang">Pangkalpinang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekanbaru" title="Pekanbaru">Pekanbaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjungpinang" title="Tanjungpinang">Tanjungpinang</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/90px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/120px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bandung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serang" title="Serang">Serang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjarbaru" title="Banjarbaru">Banjarbaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palangka_Raya" title="Palangka Raya">Palangka Raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontianak" title="Pontianak">Pontianak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarinda" title="Samarinda">Samarinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Selor" title="Tanjung Selor">Tanjung Selor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denpasar" title="Denpasar">Denpasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupang" title="Kupang">Kupang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mataram_(city)" title="Mataram (city)">Mataram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_(city)" title="Gorontalo (city)">Gorontalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendari" title="Kendari">Kendari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuju_(city)" title="Mamuju (city)">Mamuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manado" title="Manado">Manado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palu" title="Palu">Palu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambon,_Maluku" title="Ambon, Maluku">Ambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofifi" title="Sofifi">Sofifi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Papua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jayapura" title="Jayapura">Jayapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manokwari" title="Manokwari">Manokwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salor_Indah,_Kurik,_Merauke" title="Salor Indah, Kurik, Merauke">Salor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wanggar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wanggar (page does not exist)">Wanggar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorong" title="Sorong">Sorong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayawijaya_Regency" title="Jayawijaya Regency">Jayawijaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former provincial capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjarmasin" title="Banjarmasin">Banjarmasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaraja" title="Singaraja">Singaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Indonesia&#124;link=Indonesia_Indonesian_cities_with_a_200,000+_population334" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Indonesia" title="Template:Most populous cities in Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_populous_cities_in_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Most populous cities in Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most populous cities in Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Indonesia&#124;link=Indonesia_Indonesian_cities_with_a_200,000+_population334" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_cities_by_population" title="List of Indonesian cities by population">Indonesian cities with a 200,000+ population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000 and above</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekasi" title="Bekasi">Bekasi</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bandung</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depok" title="Depok">Depok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000–1,999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tangerang" title="Tangerang">Tangerang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tangerang" title="South Tangerang">South Tangerang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batam" title="Batam">Batam</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Lampung" title="Bandar Lampung">Bandar Lampung</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogor" title="Bogor">Bogor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000–999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pekanbaru" title="Pekanbaru">Pekanbaru</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malang" title="Malang">Malang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Samarinda" title="Samarinda">Samarinda</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Denpasar" title="Denpasar">Denpasar</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasikmalaya" title="Tasikmalaya">Tasikmalaya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Serang" title="Serang">Serang</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balikpapan" title="Balikpapan">Balikpapan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pontianak" title="Pontianak">Pontianak</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjarmasin" title="Banjarmasin">Banjarmasin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jambi_(city)" title="Jambi (city)">Jambi</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimahi" title="Cimahi">Cimahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta">Surakarta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300,000–499,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Manado" title="Manado">Manado</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kupang" title="Kupang">Kupang</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilegon" title="Cilegon">Cilegon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mataram_(city)" title="Mataram (city)">Mataram</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jayapura" title="Jayapura">Jayapura</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bengkulu_(city)" title="Bengkulu (city)">Bengkulu</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Palu" title="Palu">Palu</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ambon,_Maluku" title="Ambon, Maluku">Ambon</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukabumi" title="Sukabumi">Sukabumi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kendari" title="Kendari">Kendari</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirebon" title="Cirebon">Cirebon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumai" title="Dumai">Dumai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekalongan" title="Pekalongan">Pekalongan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–299,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Palangka_Raya" title="Palangka Raya">Palangka Raya</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binjai" title="Binjai">Binjai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kediri_(city)" title="Kediri (city)">Kediri</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sorong" title="Sorong">Sorong</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegal" title="Tegal">Tegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pematangsiantar" title="Pematangsiantar">Pematang Siantar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Banjarbaru" title="Banjarbaru">Banjarbaru</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Banda_Aceh" title="Banda Aceh">Banda Aceh</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarakan" title="Tarakan">Tarakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probolinggo" title="Probolinggo">Probolinggo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singkawang" title="Singkawang">Singkawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubuklinggau" title="Lubuklinggau">Lubuklinggau</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tanjungpinang" title="Tanjungpinang">Tanjungpinang</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitung" title="Bitung">Bitung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padangsidempuan" title="Padangsidempuan">Padangsidempuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangkal_Pinang" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangkal Pinang">Pangkal Pinang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batu,_East_Java" class="mw-redirect" title="Batu, East Java">Batu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiun" title="Madiun">Madiun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasuruan" title="Pasuruan">Pasuruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar,_West_Java" title="Banjar, West Java">Banjar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Note: <b>Bold</b> indicates provincial capital</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link 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href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10389#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/153596795">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206681/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfX3tdTq8XxV8rjRrKmVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4080255-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79121683">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120102397">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120102397">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bandung (Indonésie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0032173&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5885685">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007552614005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/b844ec60-1d5b-4dcc-82c9-bc5b12ae04a8">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02822311X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/bandung">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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