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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Expansion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commonality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commonality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Commonality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commonality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_ASEAN_Charter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_ASEAN_Charter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 The ASEAN Charter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_ASEAN_Charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Public health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SARS_outbreak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SARS_outbreak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 SARS outbreak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SARS_outbreak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-H1N1_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#H1N1_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 H1N1 pandemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-H1N1_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myanmar_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myanmar_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Myanmar crisis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myanmar_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rohingya_genocide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rohingya_genocide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.1 Rohingya genocide </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rohingya_genocide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021_Myanmar_coup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021_Myanmar_coup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.2 2021 Myanmar coup </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021_Myanmar_coup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Member states </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Member_states-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Member states subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Member_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_member_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_member_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 List of member states </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_member_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Observer_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observer_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Observer states </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observer_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Urban </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_ASEAN_Way" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_ASEAN_Way"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 The ASEAN Way </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_ASEAN_Way-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Structure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Structure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-AEC_Blueprint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AEC_Blueprint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 AEC Blueprint </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AEC_Blueprint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-APSC_Blueprint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#APSC_Blueprint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 APSC Blueprint </div> </a> <ul id="toc-APSC_Blueprint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ASCC_Blueprint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ASCC_Blueprint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 ASCC Blueprint </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ASCC_Blueprint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-APAEC_blueprint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#APAEC_blueprint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 APAEC blueprint </div> </a> <ul id="toc-APAEC_blueprint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_ASEAN_Banking_Integration_Framework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_ASEAN_Banking_Integration_Framework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 2020 ASEAN Banking Integration Framework </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_ASEAN_Banking_Integration_Framework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_integration_roadmap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_integration_roadmap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.3 Financial integration roadmap </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_integration_roadmap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.4 Food security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internal_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Internal market </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monetary_union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monetary_union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Monetary union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monetary_union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Free trade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electricity_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Electricity trade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooperation_funds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperation_funds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Cooperation funds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooperation_funds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Foreign relations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Foreign relations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Territorial_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Territorial disputes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_China_Sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_China_Sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 South China Sea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_China_Sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilateral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilateral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 Bilateral </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilateral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_other_blocs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_other_blocs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Relations with other blocs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_other_blocs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ASEAN_Plus_Three" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ASEAN_Plus_Three"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 ASEAN Plus Three </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ASEAN_Plus_Three-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ASEAN_Plus_Six" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ASEAN_Plus_Six"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 ASEAN Plus Six </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ASEAN_Plus_Six-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_transition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_transition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Energy transition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_transition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_public/state-owned_radio_and_television_networks_of_ASEAN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_public/state-owned_radio_and_television_networks_of_ASEAN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.1 National public/state-owned radio and television networks of ASEAN </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_public/state-owned_radio_and_television_networks_of_ASEAN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sports </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sports subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Games_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Games events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Games_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Championships_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Championships_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Championships events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Championships_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_influence_and_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_influence_and_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Global influence and reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Global_influence_and_reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Global influence and reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Global_influence_and_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_integration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_integration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Economic integration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_integration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Security </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Security-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Security subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Piracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Piracy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_Security_Framework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_Security_Framework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Future Security Framework </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_Security_Framework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">ASEAN</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 149 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" > 149 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seunaboh_Bansa-bansa_Asia_Teunggara" title="Seunaboh Bansa-bansa Asia Teunggara – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Seunaboh Bansa-bansa Asia Teunggara" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%A1%E1%89%A5-%E1%88%9D%E1%88%A5%E1%88%AB%E1%89%85_%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%AB_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AB%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%85%E1%89%A0%E1%88%AD" title="የደቡብ-ምሥራቅ እስያ አገራት ማኅበር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የደቡብ-ምሥራቅ እስያ አገራት ማኅበር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="आसियान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आसियान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="أسيان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسيان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Nacions_d%27o_Sudeste_Asiatico" title="Asociación de Nacions d'o Sudeste Asiatico – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Asociación de Nacions d'o Sudeste Asiatico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%A8" title="দক্ষিণ-পূব এচিয় ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহৰ সংগঠন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="দক্ষিণ-পূব এচিয় ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহৰ সংগঠন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Naciones_del_Sureste_Asi%C3%A1ticu" title="Asociación de Naciones del Sureste Asiáticu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Asociación de Naciones del Sureste Asiáticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%99nub-%C5%9E%C9%99rqi_Asiya_%C3%96lk%C9%99l%C9%99ri_Assosiasiyas%C4%B1" title="Cənub-Şərqi Asiya Ölkələri Assosiasiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cənub-Şərqi Asiya Ölkələri Assosiasiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%A6%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D9%86" title="آسئ‌آن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آسئ‌آن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguyuban_Negara_Asia_Kelod_Kangin" title="Paguyuban Negara Asia Kelod Kangin – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Paguyuban Negara Asia Kelod Kangin" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আসিয়ান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আসিয়ান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahimpunan_Bangsa-bangsa_Asia_Tunggara" title="Pahimpunan Bangsa-bangsa Asia Tunggara – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pahimpunan Bangsa-bangsa Asia Tunggara" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang-l%C3%A2m-a_Kok-ka_Li%C3%A2n-b%C3%AAng" title="Tang-lâm-a Kok-ka Liân-bêng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tang-lâm-a Kok-ka Liân-bêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perhimpunan_Bangsa-bangsa_Asia_Tenggara" title="Perhimpunan Bangsa-bangsa Asia Tenggara – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Perhimpunan Bangsa-bangsa Asia Tenggara" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1-%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" title="Көньяҡ-Көнсығыш Азия дәүләттәре берләшмәһе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Көньяҡ-Көнсығыш Азия дәүләттәре берләшмәһе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%96" title="Асацыяцыя дзяржаў Паўднёва-Усходняй Азіі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Асацыяцыя дзяржаў Паўднёва-Усходняй Азіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%8E%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%96" title="Асацыяцыя дзяржаваў Паўднёва-Ўсходняй Азіі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Асацыяцыя дзяржаваў Паўднёва-Ўсходняй Азіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="दक्खिन-पूरबी एशियाई राष्ट्र सभ के संगठन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="दक्खिन-पूरबी एशियाई राष्ट्र सभ के संगठन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asosasyon_kan_mga_Nasyon_sa_Sur-Subangan_na_Asya" title="Asosasyon kan mga Nasyon sa Sur-Subangan na Asya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Asosasyon kan mga Nasyon sa Sur-Subangan na Asya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Асоциация на страните от Югоизточна Азия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Асоциация на страните от Югоизточна Азия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevredigezh_Broado%C3%B9_Gevred_Azia" title="Kevredigezh Broadoù Gevred Azia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kevredigezh Broadoù Gevred Azia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%90%D0%9D" title="АСЕАН – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="АСЕАН" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associaci%C3%B3_de_Nacions_del_Sud-est_Asi%C3%A0tic" title="Associació de Nacions del Sud-est Asiàtic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Associació de Nacions del Sud-est Asiàtic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapunongan_sa_mga_Nasod_sa_Habagatang-sidlakang_Asya" title="Kapunongan sa mga Nasod sa Habagatang-sidlakang Asya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kapunongan sa mga Nasod sa Habagatang-sidlakang Asya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sdru%C5%BEen%C3%AD_n%C3%A1rod%C5%AF_jihov%C3%BDchodn%C3%AD_Asie" title="Sdružení národů jihovýchodní Asie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sdružení národů jihovýchodní Asie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagu-Aasia_Maade_Assotsiatsioon" title="Kagu-Aasia Maade Assotsiatsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kagu-Aasia Maade Assotsiatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%A7%CF%89%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ένωση Χωρών της Νοτιοανατολικής Ασίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ένωση Χωρών της Νοτιοανατολικής Ασίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Naciones_de_Asia_Sudoriental" title="Asociación de Naciones de Asia Sudoriental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asociación de Naciones de Asia Sudoriental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hego-Ekialdeko_Asiako_Tratatuaren_Erakundea" title="Hego-Ekialdeko Asiako Tratatuaren Erakundea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hego-Ekialdeko Asiako Tratatuaren Erakundea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D9%86" title="آسه‌آن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آسه‌آن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_des_nations_de_l%27Asie_du_Sud-Est" title="Association des nations de l'Asie du Sud-Est – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Association des nations de l'Asie du Sud-Est" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_de_Naci%C3%B3ns_do_Sueste_Asi%C3%A1tico" title="Asociación de Nacións do Sueste Asiático – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Asociación de Nacións do Sueste Asiático" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BBng-n%C3%A0m-%C3%A2_Koet-k%C3%A2_Li%C3%A8n-m%C3%A8n" title="Tûng-nàm-â Koet-kâ Lièn-mèn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tûng-nàm-â Koet-kâ Lièn-mèn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9" title="동남아시아 국가 연합 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동남아시아 국가 연합" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Հարավարևելյան Ասիայի պետությունների ասոցիացիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարավարևելյան Ասիայի պետությունների ասոցիացիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="दक्षिण पूर्वी एशियाई राष्ट्रों का संगठन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दक्षिण पूर्वी एशियाई राष्ट्रों का संगठन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociuro_di_Sud-Est_Aziana_Nacioni" title="Asociuro di Sud-Est Aziana Nacioni – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Asociuro di Sud-Est Aziana Nacioni" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunglo_ti_Pagpagilian_ti_Abagatan_a_daya_nga_Asia" title="Gunglo ti Pagpagilian ti Abagatan a daya nga Asia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gunglo ti Pagpagilian ti Abagatan a daya nga Asia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perhimpunan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Asia_Tenggara" title="Perhimpunan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perhimpunan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_de_Nationes_del_Sud-est_Asiatic" title="Association de Nationes del Sud-est Asiatic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Association de Nationes del Sud-est Asiatic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%A1%D0%BA%C3%A6%D1%81%C3%A6%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%C3%A6%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Хуссар-Скæсæн Азийы паддзахæдты ассоциаци – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хуссар-Скæсæн Азийы паддзахæдты ассоциаци" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samband_Su%C3%B0austur-As%C3%ADur%C3%ADkja" title="Samband Suðaustur-Asíuríkja – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Samband Suðaustur-Asíuríkja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associazione_delle_Nazioni_del_Sud-est_asiatico" title="Associazione delle Nazioni del Sud-est asiatico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Associazione delle Nazioni del Sud-est asiatico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D-%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="איגוד מדינות דרום-מזרח אסיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איגוד מדינות דרום-מזרח אסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguyuban_Nagara-Nagara_Asia_Kidul_W%C3%A9tan" title="Paguyuban Nagara-Nagara Asia Kidul Wétan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paguyuban Nagara-Nagara Asia Kidul Wétan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%8F%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%98" title="ಆಗ್ನೇಯ ಏಷ್ಯಾ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಗಳ ಸಂಘ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಗ್ನೇಯ ಏಷ್ಯಾ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಗಳ ಸಂಘ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aguman_da_reng_Bangsa_king_Mauli_Aslagang_Asia" title="Aguman da reng Bangsa king Mauli Aslagang Asia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Aguman da reng Bangsa king Mauli Aslagang Asia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Къыбыла-Кюнчыгъыш Азияны къралларыны ассоциациясы – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къыбыла-Кюнчыгъыш Азияны къралларыны ассоциациясы" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97_%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სამხრეთ-აღმოსავლეთ აზიის ქვეყნების ასოციაცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამხრეთ-აღმოსავლეთ აზიის ქვეყნების ასოციაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%A3%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA-%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Оңтүстік-шығыс Азия елдерінің ассоциациясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оңтүстік-шығыс Азия елдерінің ассоциациясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowethas_Kenedhlow_Asi_Soth-Est" title="Kowethas Kenedhlow Asi Soth-Est – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kowethas Kenedhlow Asi Soth-Est" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umoja_wa_Nchi_za_Asia_ya_Kusini-Mashariki" title="Umoja wa Nchi za Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Umoja wa Nchi za Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%90%D0%9D" title="АСЕАН – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="АСЕАН" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%89" title="ສະມາຄົມປະຊາຊາດແຫ່ງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສະມາຄົມປະຊາຊາດແຫ່ງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societas_Civitatum_Asiae_Meridionalis_et_Orientalis" title="Societas Civitatum Asiae Meridionalis et Orientalis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Societas Civitatum Asiae Meridionalis et Orientalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associatioun_vu_S%C3%BCdostasiateschen_Natiounen" title="Associatioun vu Südostasiateschen Natiounen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Associatioun vu Südostasiateschen Natiounen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociazzion_di_Nazzion_del_Sud-est_Asiategh" title="Sociazzion di Nazzion del Sud-est Asiategh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sociazzion di Nazzion del Sud-est Asiategh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9lkelet-%C3%A1zsiai_Nemzetek_Sz%C3%B6vets%C3%A9ge" title="Délkelet-ázsiai Nemzetek Szövetsége – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Délkelet-ázsiai Nemzetek Szövetsége" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="दक्षिण पूर्वी एसियाली राष्ट्रसभक सङ्गठन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="दक्षिण पूर्वी एसियाली राष्ट्रसभक सङ्गठन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Здружение на нации од Југоисточна Азија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Здружение на нации од Југоисточна Азија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikambanan%27ny_Firenena_any_Azia_Atsimo-Atsinanana" title="Fikambanan'ny Firenena any Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fikambanan'ny Firenena any Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ആസിയാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആസിയാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="आसियान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आसियान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%94-%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ობჟათე-ბჟაეიოლი აზიაშ ქიანეფიშ ასოციაცია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ობჟათე-ბჟაეიოლი აზიაშ ქიანეფიშ ასოციაცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اسيان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسيان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آسئان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آسئان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persatuan_Negara-negara_Asia_Tenggara" title="Persatuan Negara-negara Asia Tenggara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Persatuan Negara-negara Asia Tenggara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasatuan_Banso-banso_Asia_Tenggara" title="Pasatuan Banso-banso Asia Tenggara – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Pasatuan Banso-banso Asia Tenggara" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associa%C3%A7on_de_Naciones_de_l_Sudeste_Asi%C3%A1tico" title="Associaçon de Naciones de l Sudeste Asiático – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Associaçon de Naciones de l Sudeste Asiático" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%90%D0%9D" title="АСЕАН – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="АСЕАН" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အရှေ့တောင်အာရှနိုင်ငံများအသင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရှေ့တောင်အာရှနိုင်ငံများအသင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="आसियान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आसियान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="आसियान – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आसियान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E8%AB%B8%E5%9B%BD%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88" title="東南アジア諸国連合 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="東南アジア諸国連合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Къилба-Малхбален Азин пачхьалкхийн ассоциаци – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Къилба-Малхбален Азин пачхьалкхийн ассоциаци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samanslutninga_av_s%C3%B8raustasiatiske_statar" title="Samanslutninga av søraustasiatiske statar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Samanslutninga av søraustasiatiske statar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janubi-Sharqiy_Osiyo_davlatlari_uyushmasi" title="Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo davlatlari uyushmasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo davlatlari uyushmasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਆਸੀਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਸੀਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85" title="تنظیم برائے جنوب مشرقی ایشیائی اقوام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تنظیم برائے جنوب مشرقی ایشیائی اقوام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B6" title="အာသီယံ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အာသီယံ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اسيان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اسيان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="អាស៊ាន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាស៊ាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stowarzyszenie_Narod%C3%B3w_Azji_Po%C5%82udniowo-Wschodniej" title="Stowarzyszenie Narodów Azji Południowo-Wschodniej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stowarzyszenie Narodów Azji Południowo-Wschodniej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_do_Sudeste_Asi%C3%A1tico" title="Associação de Nações do Sudeste Asiático – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Associação de Nações do Sudeste Asiático" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cen%C3%BCbiy_%C5%9Farq_Asiya_devletleri_birligi" title="Cenübiy şarq Asiya devletleri birligi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Cenübiy şarq Asiya devletleri birligi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%97" title="Асоціація штатів Южновыходной Азії – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Асоціація штатів Южновыходной Азії" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Ассоциация государств Юго-Восточной Азии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ассоциация государств Юго-Восточной Азии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoqata_e_Kombeve_t%C3%AB_Azis%C3%AB_Juglindore" title="Shoqata e Kombeve të Azisë Juglindore – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shoqata e Kombeve të Azisë Juglindore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C_%E0%B6%86%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA" title="අග්නිදිග ආසියානු ජාතීන්ගේ සංගමය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අග්නිදිග ආසියානු ජාතීන්ගේ සංගමය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8F%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%BB_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%80%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85" title="ڏاکڻ اوڀر جي ايشيائي قومن جي تنظيم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڏاکڻ اوڀر جي ايشيائي قومن جي تنظيم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdru%C5%BEenie_n%C3%A1rodov_juhov%C3%BDchodnej_%C3%81zie" title="Združenie národov juhovýchodnej Ázie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Združenie národov juhovýchodnej Ázie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zveza_dr%C5%BEav_Jugovzhodne_Azije" title="Zveza držav Jugovzhodne Azije – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zveza držav Jugovzhodne Azije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="لێژنەی نەتەوەکانی باشووری ڕۆژھەڵاتی ئاسیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لێژنەی نەتەوەکانی باشووری ڕۆژھەڵاتی ئاسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Асоцијација нација југоисточне Азије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Асоцијација нација југоисточне Азије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panglawungan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Asia_Kidul_W%C3%A9tan" title="Panglawungan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Kidul Wétan – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Panglawungan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Kidul Wétan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaakkois-Aasian_maiden_yhteisty%C3%B6j%C3%A4rjest%C3%B6" title="Kaakkois-Aasian maiden yhteistyöjärjestö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaakkois-Aasian maiden yhteistyöjärjestö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydostasiatiska_nationers_f%C3%B6rbund" title="Sydostasiatiska nationers förbund – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sydostasiatiska nationers förbund" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samahan_ng_mga_Bansa_sa_Timog-Silangang_Asya" title="Samahan ng mga Bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Samahan ng mga Bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="தென்கிழக்காசிய நாடுகளின் கூட்டமைப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தென்கிழக்காசிய நாடுகளின் கூட்டமைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nyaq-K%C3%B6n%C3%A7%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F_Azi%C3%A4_d%C3%A4wl%C3%A4tl%C3%A4re_berl%C3%A4%C5%9Fm%C3%A4se" title="Könyaq-Könçığış Aziä däwlätläre berläşmäse – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Könyaq-Könçığış Aziä däwlätläre berläşmäse" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B8%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B8%E1%80%B5%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%B8%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%80%BD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="ၸုမ်းမိူင်းဢေးသျႃးၸဵင်ႇၸၢၼ်းဝၼ်းဢွၵ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၸုမ်းမိူင်းဢေးသျႃးၸဵင်ႇၸၢၼ်းဝၼ်းဢွၵ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF" title="ఆగ్నేయ ఆసియా దేశాల సమాఖ్య – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆగ్నేయ ఆసియా దేశాల సమాఖ్య" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="สมาคมประชาชาติแห่งเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมาคมประชาชาติแห่งเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCneydo%C4%9Fu_Asya_%C3%9Clkeleri_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Güneydoğu Asya Ülkeleri Birliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güneydoğu Asya Ülkeleri Birliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%97" title="Асоціація держав Південно-Східної Азії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Асоціація держав Південно-Східної Азії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85" title="تنظیم برائے جنوب مشرقی ایشیائی اقوام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تنظیم برائے جنوب مشرقی ایشیائی اقوام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doengnamzya_guekgya_lenzmungz" title="Doengnamzya guekgya lenzmungz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Doengnamzya guekgya lenzmungz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociasion_de_%C5%82e_Nasion_del_Sud-est_azi%C3%A0tego" title="Asociasion de łe Nasion del Sud-est aziàtego – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Asociasion de łe Nasion del Sud-est aziàtego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87p_h%E1%BB%99i_c%C3%A1c_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81" title="Hiệp hội các quốc gia Đông Nam Á – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hiệp hội các quốc gia Đông Nam Á" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B5un%C3%B5hummogu-Aasia_Mai%C3%B5_Assots%27ats%27uun" title="Lõunõhummogu-Aasia Maiõ Assots'ats'uun – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Lõunõhummogu-Aasia Maiõ Assots'ats'uun" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="東南亞國家協會 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="東南亞國家協會" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katig-uban_han_mga_Nasod_ha_Salatan-Sinirangan_Asya" title="Katig-uban han mga Nasod ha Salatan-Sinirangan Asya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Katig-uban han mga Nasod ha Salatan-Sinirangan Asya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="东南亚国家联盟 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="东南亚国家联盟" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D-%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%90%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="פארבאנד פון דרום-מזרח אזיאטישע פעלקער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פארבאנד פון דרום-מזרח אזיאטישע פעלקער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="東南亞國家聯盟 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="東南亞國家聯盟" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="东南亚国家联盟 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="东南亚国家联盟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="ASEAN" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">International organization of Southeast Asian countries</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Cultural_Organisation" title="South East Asia Cultural Organisation">South East Asia Cultural Organisation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">Southeast Asia Treaty Organization</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="ib-country-names"><div class="ib-country-name-style fn org country-name"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%;"><div style="margin: 0 4em">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox" style="font-size:77%;font-weight:normal;"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">အရှေ့တောင်အာရှနိုင်ငံများအသင်း aashaetaungaarsh ninenganmyarr aahpwal</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">Samahán ng mga Bansâ sa Timog Silangang Asya<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">Perhimpunan Bangsa-bangsa Asia Tenggara<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">សមាគមប្រជាជាតិអាស៊ីអាគ្នេយ៍ Samāgam Prajājāti ʿʹāsʹī ʿʹāgney ̊</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">ສະມາຄົມປະຊາຊາດແຫ່ງອາຊີຕະເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້ samakhom pasasad aehng asi tauaen ksiang tai</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malay" title="Malaysian Malay">Malay(sian)</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">Persatuan Negara-negara Asia Tenggara<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Mandarin" title="Singaporean Mandarin">Mandarin</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">亚细安组织 东南亚国家联盟 東南亞國家協會 Yàxì'ān zǔzhī Dōngnányà guójiā liánméng Dōngnányà guójiā xiéhuì</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">தென்கிழக்காசிய நாடுகளின் கூட்டமைப்பு Teṉkiḻakkāciya nāṭukaḷiṉ kūṭṭamaippu</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">สมาคมประชาชาติแห่งเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ S̄mākhm prachāchāti h̄æ̀ng xecheīy khwām yĕn</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data">Hiệp hội các quốc gia Đông Nam Á<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </li></ul> </div></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_ASEAN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_ASEAN.svg/125px-Flag_of_ASEAN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_ASEAN.svg/188px-Flag_of_ASEAN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_ASEAN.svg/250px-Flag_of_ASEAN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="100" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_ASEAN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Seal_of_ASEAN.svg/85px-Seal_of_ASEAN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Seal_of_ASEAN.svg/128px-Seal_of_ASEAN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Seal_of_ASEAN.svg/170px-Seal_of_ASEAN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_ASEAN" title="Emblem of ASEAN">Emblem</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: "One Vision, One Identity, One Community"<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: "<a href="/wiki/The_ASEAN_Way" title="The ASEAN Way">The ASEAN Way</a>"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="69" data-mwtitle="The_ASEAN_Way_(Instrumental).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/The_ASEAN_Way_%28Instrumental%29.ogg/The_ASEAN_Way_%28Instrumental%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/The_ASEAN_Way_%28Instrumental%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AThe_ASEAN_Way_%28Instrumental%29.ogg&lang=ace&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ace" label="Acèh ‪(ace)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AThe_ASEAN_Way_%28Instrumental%29.ogg&lang=ceb&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ceb" label="Cebuano ‪(ceb)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AThe_ASEAN_Way_%28Instrumental%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AThe_ASEAN_Way_%28Instrumental%29.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AThe_ASEAN_Way_%28Instrumental%29.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AThe_ASEAN_Way_%28Instrumental%29.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AThe_ASEAN_Way_%28Instrumental%29.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AThe_ASEAN_Way_%28Instrumental%29.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Member states shown in dark green."><img alt="Member states shown in dark green." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="551" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Member states shown in dark green.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Indonesia<a href="#cite_note-address-7">[a]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=ASEAN&params=6_14_20_S_106_47_57_E_type:landmark">6°14′20″S 106°47′57″E / 6.23889°S 106.79917°E / -6.23889; 106.79917</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jakarta,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta, Indonesia">Jakarta, Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Working_language" title="Working language">Working language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages of contracting states</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Chinese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a><a href="#cite_note-pluriM-9">[b]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malay</a><a href="#cite_note-pluriM-9">[b]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supranational_union" title="Supranational union">Supranational union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_ASEAN" title="Member states of ASEAN">10 member states</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_ASEAN" title="Member states of ASEAN">2 observer states</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Leaders</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_ASEAN" title="Secretary-General of ASEAN">Secretary-General</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kao_Kim_Hourn" title="Kao Kim Hourn">Kao Kim Hourn</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Chairmanship of ASEAN </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data">The <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Inter-Parliamentary_Assembly" title="ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly">ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Establishment</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">Bangkok Declaration</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">8 August 1967 (57 years ago) (8 August 1967)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Charter" title="ASEAN Charter">Charter</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 December 2008 (15 years ago) (16 December 2008)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,522,518<a href="#cite_note-ASEAN-Indicators-11">[9]</a> km2 (1,746,154 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">683,290,000<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOASEAN-12">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">144/km2 (373.0/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $12.007 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOASEAN-12">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $17,528<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOASEAN-12">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $4.248 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOASEAN-12">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $6,201<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOASEAN-12">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.736<a href="#cite_note-13">[c]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>high</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B06:30" title="UTC+06:30">+06:30</a> to <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B09:00" title="UTC+09:00">+09:00</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website">Website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asean.org">asean.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7768#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Association of Southeast Asian Nations,<a href="#cite_note-14">[d]</a> commonly abbreviated as ASEAN,<a href="#cite_note-18">[e]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Political_union" title="Political union">political</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_union" title="Economic union">economic union</a> of 10 <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">states</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. Together, its member states represent a population of more than 600 million people and land area of over 4.5 million km2 (1.7 million sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-19">[14]</a> The bloc generated a <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> (PPP) <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of around US$10.2 trillion in 2022, constituting approximately 6.5% of global <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">GDP (PPP)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOASEAN-12">[10]</a> ASEAN member states include some of the fastest growing economies in the world, and the institution plays an integral role in East Asian regionalism.<a href="#cite_note-20">[15]</a> The primary objectives of ASEAN, as stated by the association, are "to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region", and "to promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries in the region and adherence to the principles of the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">United Nations Charter</a>."<a href="#cite_note-21">[16]</a> In recent years, the bloc has broadened its objectives beyond economic and social spheres. ASEAN engages with other supranational entities in the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> region and other parts of the world. It is a major partner of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">SCO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">PA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">GCC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">MERCOSUR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">CELAC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">ECO</a>,<a href="#cite_note-22">[17]</a> It also hosts diplomatic missions throughout the world, maintaining a global network of relationships that is widely regarded as the central forum for cooperation in the region.<a href="#cite_note-23">[18]</a> Its success has become the driving force of some of the largest trade blocs in history, including <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">APEC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">RCEP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[22]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg/300px-ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg/450px-ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg/600px-ASEAN_HQ_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="1811" /></a><figcaption>ASEAN headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a> and <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Charter" title="ASEAN Charter">ASEAN Charter</a></div> The predecessor of ASEAN was the Association of Southeast Asia (ASA), formed on 31 July 1961 and consisting of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Malaya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[24]</a> ASEAN itself was created on 8 August 1967, when the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign minister">foreign ministers</a> of five countries—<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>—signed the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[25]</a> According to the Declaration, ASEAN aims to accelerate economic, social, and cultural development in the region, as well as promoting regional peace, to collaborate on matters of shared interest, and to promote <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_studies" title="Southeast Asian studies">Southeast Asian studies</a> and maintain close cooperation with existing international organisations.<a href="#cite_note-31">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[27]</a> The creation of ASEAN was initially motivated by <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">the desire to contain communism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-33">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[29]</a> which had taken a foothold in mainland Asia after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, with the formation of communist governments in <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, China, and <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, accompanied by the so-called communist "emergency" in <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a>, and unrest in the recently decolonized <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. These events also encouraged the earlier formation of the <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="South East Asia Treaty Organization">South East Asia Treaty Organization</a> (SEATO), led by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, with several Southeast Asian partners in 1954 as an extension of "containment" policy, seeking to create an Eastern version of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[30]</a> However, the local member states of ASEAN group achieved greater cohesion in the mid-1970s following a change in the balance of power after the fall of Saigon and the end of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> in April 1975 and the decline of SEATO.<a href="#cite_note-36">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[32]</a> ASEAN's first summit meeting, held in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, in 1976, resulted in an agreement on several industrial projects and the signing of a <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amity_and_Cooperation_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia">Treaty of Amity and Cooperation</a>, and a Declaration of Concord. The end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> allowed ASEAN countries to exercise greater political independence in the region, and in the 1990s, ASEAN emerged as a leading voice on <a href="/wiki/Regional_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional trade">regional trade</a> and security issues.<a href="#cite_note-38">[33]</a> On 15 December 1995, the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Nuclear-Weapon-Free_Zone_Treaty" title="Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty">Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty</a> was signed to turn Southeast Asia into a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear-weapon-free_zone" title="Nuclear-weapon-free zone">nuclear-weapon-free zone</a>. The treaty took effect on 28 March 1997 after all but one of the member states had ratified it. It became fully effective on 21 June 2001 after the Philippines ratified it, effectively banning all nuclear weapons in the region.<a href="#cite_note-NWFZ-39">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion">Expansion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Expansion">edit</a>]</div> On 7 January 1984, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> became ASEAN's sixth member<a href="#cite_note-40">[35]</a> and on 28 July 1995, following the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> joined as the seventh member.<a href="#cite_note-41">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> (formerly Burma) joined two years later on 23 July 1997.<a href="#cite_note-enlargement-42">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> was to join at the same time as <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, but a <a href="/wiki/1997_Cambodian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1997 Cambodian coup d'état">Cambodian coup in 1997</a> and other internal instability delayed its entry.<a href="#cite_note-43">[38]</a> It then joined on 30 April 1999 following the stabilization of its government.<a href="#cite_note-enlargement-42">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[39]</a> In 2006, ASEAN was given <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">observer status at the United Nations General Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[40]</a> In response, the organization awarded the status of "dialogue partner" to the UN.<a href="#cite_note-46">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commonality">Commonality</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Commonality">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Southeast_Asia" title="History of Southeast Asia">History of Southeast Asia</a></div> Besides their close geographic proximity, political scholars consider <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a> nations a cultural crossroads between <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, located at critical junctions of the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, and as a result received much influence from <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Islamic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a> influences prior to the <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> colonial ages.<a href="#cite_note-47">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a> Since around 100 BCE, the Southeast Asian archipelago occupied a central position at the crossroads of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> trading routes, which stimulated the economy and the influx of ideas.<a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a> This included the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida scripts</a> to Southeast Asia as well as the <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chinese script</a> to <a href="/wiki/Literary_Chinese_in_Vietnam" title="Literary Chinese in Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. Besides various indigenous scripts, various abugida <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a> were widespread in both continental and insular Southeast Asia. Historically, scripts such as <a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a> (from ancient <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> script) and <a href="/wiki/Rencong_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rencong script">Rencong</a> or Surat Ulu were used to write <a href="/wiki/Old_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Malay">Old Malay</a>, until they were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a> during <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> missions in the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/European_colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="European colonial">European colonialism</a> influenced most ASEAN countries, including <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> & <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>), <a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">British Burma</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">Borneo</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> & <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (present day <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and various other colonies), and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">Timor-Leste</a>), with only <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> (then <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a>) not formed from a prior European colony.<a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a> Siam served as a convenient buffer state, sandwiched between British Burma and French Indochina, but its kings had to contend with <a href="/wiki/Bowring_Treaty" title="Bowring Treaty">unequal treaties</a> as well as British and French political interference and territorial losses after the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Siamese_conflict_of_1893" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Siamese conflict of 1893">Franco-Siamese conflict of 1893</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Siamese_Treaty_of_1909" title="Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909">Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[47]</a> Under European colonization, Southeast Asian nations were introduced to European religions and technologies, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese Empire</a>, in the vein of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a> concept, sought to unite and create a pan-Asian identity against <a href="/wiki/Western_imperialism_in_Asia" title="Western imperialism in Asia">Western colonial occupation</a>, but Japan's alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> soured relations between many colonies of Europe and the United States.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Defeat of Imperial Japan eventuated in <a href="/wiki/Decolonization_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Decolonization of Asia">decolonization movements</a> throughout Southeast Asia, resulting in the independent ASEAN states of today. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_ASEAN_Charter">The ASEAN Charter</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The ASEAN Charter">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm/220px--ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="323" data-mwtitle="ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm/ASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AASEAN_explained_in_5_minutes.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>Video: ASEAN explained in 5 minutes</figcaption></figure> On 15 December 2008, the member states met in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> to launch the charter signed in November 2007, to move closer to "an <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>-style community".<a href="#cite_note-AFPCharter-53">[48]</a> The charter formally established ASEAN as a legal entity, aiming to create a single trade bloc for a region encompassing 500 million people. Indonesian president <a href="/wiki/Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono" title="Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono">Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono</a> stated: "This is a momentous development when ASEAN is consolidating, integrating, and transforming itself into a community. It is achieved while ASEAN seeks a more vigorous role in Asian and global affairs at a time when the international system is experiencing a seismic shift". Referring to climate change and economic upheaval, he concluded: "Southeast Asia is no longer the bitterly divided, war-torn region it was in the 1960s and 1970s". The <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a> was seen as a threat to the charter's goals,<a href="#cite_note-ReutersCharter-54">[49]</a> and also set forth the idea of a proposed human rights body to be discussed at a future summit in February 2009. This proposition caused controversy, as the body would not have the power to impose sanctions or punish countries which violated citizens' rights and would, therefore, be limited in effectiveness.<a href="#cite_note-IHTCharter-55">[50]</a> The body was established later in 2009 as the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Intergovernmental_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights">ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights</a> (AICHR). In November 2012, the commission adopted the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Human_Rights_Declaration" title="ASEAN Human Rights Declaration">ASEAN Human Rights Declaration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[51]</a> However, their human rights declaration has been critiqued widely by the international community, with the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights stating that the declaration was worded in problematic ways that do not easily align with international norms. Likewise, the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> in the United States noted several important fundamental rights were omitted or not clearly established.<a href="#cite_note-57">[52]</a> The ASEAN chair is a rotating position, currently held by <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[53]</a> Recent ASEAN chairs are as follows:<a href="#cite_note-59">[54]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <caption>ASEAN Chairs </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Country </th></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2025 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_health">Public health</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Public health">edit</a>]</div> In response to pandemics, ASEAN has coordinated with ASEAN+3 and other actors to create a regional public health response.<a href="#cite_note-60">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SARS_outbreak">SARS outbreak</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: SARS outbreak">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">SARS outbreak</a>, ASEAN and ASEAN+3 worked together to devise a response to the outbreak. Immediate and short-to-medium term measures were devised. The parties agreed to enhance sharing of best practices against the disease while also agreeing to bolster collaboration between their respective health authorities and harmonize travel procedures to ensure that proper health screening would occur. In addition, China offered to contribute $1.2 million to the ASEAN SARS fund, made both to show that it was willing to cooperate with the rest of the region and make amends for its withholding of information during the initial stages of the outbreak.<a href="#cite_note-61">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="H1N1_pandemic">H1N1 pandemic</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: H1N1 pandemic">edit</a>]</div> ASEAN held a special meeting between ASEAN and ASEAN+3 health ministers on 8 May 2009, on responding to the <a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic" title="2009 swine flu pandemic">H1N1 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[57]</a> At this meeting, it was agreed that hotlines would be established between public health authorities, joint response teams would be formed, and ongoing research efforts would be bolstered. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Myanmar_crisis">Myanmar crisis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Myanmar crisis">edit</a>]</div> Since 2017, political, military and ethnic affairs in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> have posed unusual challenges for ASEAN, creating precedent-breaking situations and threatening the traditions and unity of the group, and its global standing<a href="#cite_note-myanmar_coup_asean_split_2021_03_29_dw_com-63">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-aseans_future_2021_06_21_foreignpolicy_com-64">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-myanmar_pushes_asean_lowyinstitute_org-65">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-myanmars_crisis_tests_asean_2021_08_27_brookings_edu-66">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-myanmar_crisis_2021_03_04_asia_times-67">[62]</a>—with ASEAN responses indicating possible fundamental change in the nature of the organization.<a href="#cite_note-under_microscope_2018_11_08_reuters_usnews_com-68">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-breaking_resistance_2018_12_06_jakarta_post-69">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-asean_pushes_boundaries_2021_04_26_reuters-70">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-why_aseans_rebuke_2021_10_21_iiss_org-71">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-sign_of_change_2021_10_20_asialink-72">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rohingya_genocide">Rohingya genocide</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rohingya genocide">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Rohingya genocide</a> erupting in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> in August 2017—killing thousands of <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_people" title="Rohingya people">Rohingya people</a> in Myanmar,<a href="#cite_note-msf_estimates_2017_12_13_bbc-73">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-kill_all_you_see_2020_09_08_nytimes_com-74">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-estimated_24000_murdered_2018_08_17_dhaka_tribune-75">[70]</a> driving most into neighboring <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, and continuing for months<a href="#cite_note-refugees_flee_2017_09_05_reuters_nbc-76">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-textbook_example_2017_09_12_wash_post-77">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-myanmar_planned_attacks_2017_21_19_afp_cna-78">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-genocide_survivors_2017_12_17_smh_com_au-79">[74]</a>—created a global outcry demanding ASEAN take action against the civilian-military <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a> of Myanmar, which had long discriminated against the Rohingya, and had launched the 2017 attacks upon them.<a href="#cite_note-under_microscope_2018_11_08_reuters_usnews_com-68">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-aseans_limited_role_2018_10_12_thediplomat_com-80">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-the_rohingya_crisis_us_response_2017_10_05_state_gov-81">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-totally_shameful_2020_06_26_jakarta_post-82">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2021_Myanmar_coup">2021 Myanmar coup</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2021 Myanmar coup">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Special_ASEAN_Summit_on_Myanmar%27s_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2021_Special_ASEAN_Summit_on_Myanmar%27s_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_%281%29.jpg/220px-2021_Special_ASEAN_Summit_on_Myanmar%27s_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2021_Special_ASEAN_Summit_on_Myanmar%27s_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_%281%29.jpg/330px-2021_Special_ASEAN_Summit_on_Myanmar%27s_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2021_Special_ASEAN_Summit_on_Myanmar%27s_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_%281%29.jpg/440px-2021_Special_ASEAN_Summit_on_Myanmar%27s_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>Special ASEAN summit on the 2021 Myanmar coup.</figcaption></figure> On 1 February 2021, the day before a newly elected slate of civilian leaders was to take office in Myanmar, a military junta overthrew Myanmar's civilian government in a <a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27etat" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'etat">coup d'etat</a>, declaring a national <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a>, imposing <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>, arresting elected civilian leaders, violently clamping down on dissent, and replacing civilian government with the military's appointees.<a href="#cite_note-military_seizes_power_2021_02_01_thedailystar_net-84">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-asean_leaders_agree_2021_04_25_afp_bangkok_post-85">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-aseans_indecision_2021_06_15_amnesty_org-86">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-tradition_vs_credibility_2021_10_19_reuters-87">[82]</a> Widespread protests and resistance erupted, and elements of the civilian leadership formed an underground "<a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Government_of_Myanmar" title="National Unity Government of Myanmar">National Unity Government</a>" (NUG). Global opposition to the coup emerged, and global pressure was brought on ASEAN to take action.<a href="#cite_note-un_calls_for_reversal_2021_03_10_ap-88">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-un_calls_for_reversal_2021_07_29_ap_abc_news-89">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-tradition_vs_credibility_2021_10_19_reuters-87">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-aseans_snub_2021_10_20_channelnewsasia-90">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-asean_inflection_2021_08_airuniversity_af_edu-91">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Member_states">Member states</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Member states">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_ASEAN" title="Member states of ASEAN">Member states of ASEAN</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_ASEAN_member_states.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Map_of_ASEAN_member_states.svg/550px-Map_of_ASEAN_member_states.svg.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="440" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Map_of_ASEAN_member_states.svg/825px-Map_of_ASEAN_member_states.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Map_of_ASEAN_member_states.svg/1100px-Map_of_ASEAN_member_states.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the member states of ASEAN</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Supranational_Asian_Bodies.svg/380px-Supranational_Asian_Bodies.svg.png" decoding="async" width="380" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Supranational_Asian_Bodies.svg/570px-Supranational_Asian_Bodies.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Supranational_Asian_Bodies.svg/760px-Supranational_Asian_Bodies.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="780" usemap="#ImageMap_403077518f0226e1" resource="/wiki/File:Supranational_Asian_Bodies.svg" /><map name="ImageMap_403077518f0226e1"><area href="/wiki/Maldives" shape="rect" coords="27,73,53,95" alt="Maldives" title="Maldives" /><area href="/wiki/Bangladesh" shape="rect" coords="88,33,115,55" alt="Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh" /><area href="/wiki/Bhutan" shape="rect" coords="88,60,115,82" alt="Bhutan" title="Bhutan" /><area href="/wiki/Nepal" shape="rect" coords="88,88,106,108" alt="Nepal" title="Nepal" /><area href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" shape="rect" coords="88,113,115,135" alt="Sri Lanka" title="Sri Lanka" /><area href="/wiki/India" shape="rect" coords="146,104,172,126" alt="India" title="India" /><area href="/wiki/Myanmar" shape="rect" coords="239,77,265,99" alt="Myanmar" title="Myanmar" /><area href="/wiki/Thailand" shape="rect" coords="239,104,265,126" alt="Thailand" title="Thailand" /><area href="/wiki/Cambodia" shape="rect" coords="283,77,309,99" alt="Cambodia" title="Cambodia" /><area href="/wiki/Laos" shape="rect" coords="318,77,345,99" alt="Laos" title="Laos" /><area href="/wiki/Vietnam" shape="rect" coords="301,104,327,126" alt="Vietnam" title="Vietnam" /><area href="/wiki/Brunei" shape="rect" coords="292,139,318,161" alt="Brunei" title="Brunei" /><area href="/wiki/Indonesia" shape="rect" coords="327,139,354,161" alt="Indonesia" title="Indonesia" /><area href="/wiki/Malaysia" shape="rect" coords="256,166,283,188" alt="Malaysia" title="Malaysia" /><area href="/wiki/Philippines" shape="rect" coords="292,166,318,188" alt="Philippines" title="Philippines" /><area href="/wiki/Singapore" shape="rect" coords="327,166,354,188" alt="Singapore" title="Singapore" /><area href="/wiki/Afghanistan" shape="rect" coords="84,157,111,179" alt="Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan" /><area href="/wiki/Pakistan" shape="rect" coords="137,157,164,179" alt="Pakistan" title="Pakistan" /><area href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" shape="rect" coords="31,206,57,228" alt="Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan" /><area href="/wiki/Iran" shape="rect" coords="84,206,111,228" alt="Iran" title="Iran" /><area href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" shape="rect" coords="35,263,62,285" alt="Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan" /><area href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" shape="rect" coords="133,254,159,276" alt="Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan" /><area href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" shape="rect" coords="137,219,164,241" alt="Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan" /><area href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" shape="rect" coords="133,281,159,303" alt="Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan" /><area href="/wiki/Tajikistan" shape="rect" coords="137,192,164,214" alt="Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan" /><area href="/wiki/China" shape="rect" coords="186,219,212,241" alt="China" title="China" /><area href="/wiki/Russia" shape="rect" coords="186,245,212,267" alt="Russia" title="Russia" /><area href="/wiki/Turkey" shape="rect" coords="84,267,111,290" alt="Turkey" title="Turkey" /><area href="/wiki/Japan" shape="rect" coords="239,219,265,241" alt="Japan" title="Japan" /><area href="/wiki/Mongolia" shape="rect" coords="239,245,265,267" alt="Mongolia" title="Mongolia" /><area href="/wiki/South_Korea" shape="rect" coords="239,272,265,294" alt="South Korea" title="South Korea" /><area href="/wiki/Bahrain" shape="rect" coords="292,219,318,241" alt="Bahrain" title="Bahrain" /><area href="/wiki/Kuwait" shape="rect" coords="327,219,354,241" alt="Kuwait" title="Kuwait" /><area href="/wiki/Oman" shape="rect" coords="292,245,318,267" alt="Oman" title="Oman" /><area href="/wiki/Qatar" shape="rect" coords="327,245,354,267" alt="Qatar" title="Qatar" /><area href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" shape="rect" coords="292,272,318,294" alt="Saudi Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia" /><area href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" shape="rect" coords="327,272,354,294" alt="United Arab Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates" /><area href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" shape="rect" coords="13,27,66,38" alt="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation" /><area href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" shape="rect" coords="195,33,265,46" alt="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation" /><area href="/wiki/Mekong%E2%80%93Ganga_Cooperation" shape="rect" coords="141,75,181,88" alt="Mekong–Ganga Cooperation" title="Mekong–Ganga Cooperation" /><area href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" shape="rect" coords="234,146,290,159" alt="Association of Southeast Asian Nations" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations" /><area href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" shape="rect" coords="181,301,217,314" alt="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation" /><area href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" shape="rect" coords="33,292,64,305" alt="Organization of Turkic States" title="Organization of Turkic States" /><area href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" shape="rect" coords="22,157,57,170" alt="Economic Cooperation Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization" /><area href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" shape="rect" coords="305,301,340,314" alt="Gulf Cooperation Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council" /><area href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" shape="rect" coords="234,318,270,332" alt="Asia Cooperation Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue" /></map><figcaption>A clickable <a href="/wiki/Euler_diagram" title="Euler diagram">Euler diagram</a> showing the relationships between various Asian <a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">regional organisations</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Supranational_Asian_Bodies" title="Template:Supranational Asian Bodies">v</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Supranational_Asian_Bodies" title="Template talk:Supranational Asian Bodies">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Supranational_Asian_Bodies&action=edit">e</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_member_states">List of member states</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List of member states">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_ASEAN" title="Member states of ASEAN">State</a> </th> <th scope="col">Accession<a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </th> <td align="right">7 January 1984 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </th> <td align="right">30 April 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </th> <td align="right">8 August 1967 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </th> <td align="right">23 July 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </th> <td align="right">8 August 1967 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </th> <td align="right">23 July 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </th> <td align="right">8 August 1967 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </th> <td align="right">8 August 1967 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </th> <td align="right">8 August 1967 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </th> <td align="right">28 July 1995 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Observer_states">Observer states</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Observer states">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_ASEAN" title="Enlargement of ASEAN">Enlargement of ASEAN</a></div> There are currently two states seeking accession to ASEAN: <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a><a href="#cite_note-East_Timor-93">[88]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PNGPHIL-94">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[90]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_East_Timor_to_ASEAN" title="Accession of East Timor to ASEAN">Accession of East Timor to ASEAN</a> (since 2002, observer status since 2022)<a href="#cite_note-96">[91]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Papua_New_Guinea_to_ASEAN" title="Accession of Papua New Guinea to ASEAN">Accession of Papua New Guinea to ASEAN</a> (observer status since 1976)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> As of 1 July 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit">[update]</a>, the population of the ASEAN was about 655 million people (8.5% of the world population).<a href="#cite_note-population-97">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[93]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] In ASEAN in 2019, 55.2 million children were age 0–4 and 46.3 million people were older than 65. This corresponds to 8.4% and 7.1% of the total ASEAN population. The region's population growth is 1.1% per year. <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> is the lowest at 0.2% per year, and <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> is the highest at 1.9% per year. ASEAN's sex ratio is 0.996 males per female, with 326.4 million males and 327.8 million females.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban">Urban</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Urban">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_ASEAN_by_population" title="List of cities in ASEAN by population">List of cities in ASEAN by population</a></div> The 20 largest <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan areas</a> within ASEAN are: <table class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Metropolitan area </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Core_city" title="Core city">Core city</a> </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Area (km2) </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Census year </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Greater Jakarta</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> </th> <td align="right">31,673,824 </td> <td align="right">7,076.3 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Indonesian_census" title="2020 Indonesian census">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-99">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hasil_Sensus_Penduduk_2020-100">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Greater Manila Area</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a> </th> <td align="right">28,250,517 </td> <td align="right">7,967 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Philippine_census" title="2020 Philippine census">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-PSA15–NCR-101">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City Metropolitan Area</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a> </th> <td align="right">21,281,639 </td> <td align="right">30,595.0 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_Vietnamese_census" title="2019 Vietnamese census">2019</a><a href="#cite_note-VIET_NAM_POPULATION-102">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Capital_Region" title="Hanoi Capital Region">Hanoi Capital Region</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> </th> <td align="right">19,980,000 </td> <td align="right">24,314.7 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_Vietnamese_census" title="2019 Vietnamese census">2019</a><a href="#cite_note-VIET_NAM_POPULATION-102">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok Metropolitan Region</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> </th> <td align="right">10,696,258 </td> <td align="right">7,700.0 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td>2020<a href="#cite_note-TDD20-103">[98]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Greater Surabaya</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a> </th> <td align="right">9,924,509 </td> <td align="right">6,310.0 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Indonesian_census" title="2020 Indonesian census">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-99">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hasil_Sensus_Penduduk_2020-100">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Greater Bandung</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a> </th> <td align="right">8,790,308 </td> <td align="right">3,500.3 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Indonesian_census" title="2020 Indonesian census">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-99">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hasil_Sensus_Penduduk_2020-100">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Klang_Valley" title="Klang Valley">Klang Valley</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> </th> <td align="right">8,455,029 </td> <td align="right">8,347.0 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td>2020<a href="#cite_note-MyCenDash-104">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Yangon_Region" title="Yangon Region">Yangon Region</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Yangon</a> </th> <td align="right">7,360,703 </td> <td align="right">10,276.7 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </td> <td>2014<a href="#cite_note-census-2014-105">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Semarang_metropolitan_area" title="Semarang metropolitan area">Greater Semarang</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a> </th> <td align="right">6,009,982 </td> <td align="right">4,795.9 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Indonesian_census" title="2020 Indonesian census">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-99">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hasil_Sensus_Penduduk_2020-100">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </th> <td align="right">5,685,807 </td> <td align="right">734.3 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </td> <td>2020<a href="#cite_note-106">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Da Nang Metropolitan Area </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a> </th> <td align="right">5,622,814 </td> <td align="right">26,640.3 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_Vietnamese_census" title="2019 Vietnamese census">2019</a><a href="#cite_note-VIET_NAM_POPULATION-102">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Medan_metropolitan_area" title="Medan metropolitan area">Greater Medan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Medan" title="Medan">Medan</a> </th> <td align="right">4,756,863 </td> <td align="right">3,189.2 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Indonesian_census" title="2020 Indonesian census">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-99">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hasil_Sensus_Penduduk_2020-100">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Davao" title="Metro Davao">Metro Davao</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao</a> </th> <td align="right">3,339,284 </td> <td align="right">6,492.8 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Philippine_census" title="2020 Philippine census">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-PSA15–NCR-101">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Cebu" title="Metro Cebu">Metro Cebu</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu</a> </th> <td align="right">3,165,799 </td> <td align="right">1,062.8 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Philippine_census" title="2020 Philippine census">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-PSA15–NCR-101">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Penang_Conurbation" title="Greater Penang Conurbation">George Town Conurbation</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a> </th> <td align="right">2,843,344 </td> <td align="right">3,764.3 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td>2020<a href="#cite_note-MyCenDash-104">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Greater Makassar </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a> </th> <td align="right">2,725,951 </td> <td align="right">2,666.6 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Indonesian_census" title="2020 Indonesian census">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-99">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hasil_Sensus_Penduduk_2020-100">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Palembang_metropolitan_area" title="Palembang metropolitan area">Greater Palembang</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a> </th> <td align="right">2,634,501 </td> <td align="right">9,886.6 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Indonesian_census" title="2020 Indonesian census">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-99">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hasil_Sensus_Penduduk_2020-100">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Phnom Penh Metro Area </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a> </th> <td align="right">2,506,123 </td> <td align="right">679.0 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td> <td>2019<a href="#cite_note-census2019-107">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Yogyakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Yogyakarta">Greater Yogyakarta</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a> </th> <td align="right">2,485,163 </td> <td align="right">1,118.2 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Indonesian_census" title="2020 Indonesian census">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-99">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hasil_Sensus_Penduduk_2020-100">[95]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_ASEAN_Way">The ASEAN Way</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The ASEAN Way">edit</a>]</div> The "ASEAN Way" refers to a methodology or approach to solving issues that respect Southeast Asia's cultural norms. Masilamani and Peterson summarise it as "a working process or style that is informal and personal. Policymakers constantly utilise compromise, consensus, and consultation in the informal decision-making process... it above all prioritises a consensus-based, non-conflictual way of addressing problems. Quiet diplomacy allows ASEAN leaders to communicate without bringing the discussions into the public view. Members avoid the embarrassment that may lead to further conflict."<a href="#cite_note-Masilamani-108">[103]</a> It has been said that the merits of the ASEAN Way might "be usefully applied to global conflict management". However, critics have argued that such an approach can be only applied to Asian countries, to specific cultural norms and understandings notably, due to a difference in mindset and level of tension.<a href="#cite_note-109">[104]</a>: pp113-118  Critics object, claiming that the ASEAN Way's emphasis on consultation, consensus, and non-interference forces the organization to adopt only those policies which satisfy the lowest common denominator. Decision-making by consensus requires members to see eye-to-eye before ASEAN can move forward on an issue. Members may not have a common conception of the meaning of the ASEAN Way. Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos emphasize non-interference while older member countries focus on co-operation and co-ordination. These differences hinder efforts to find common solutions to particular issues, but also make it difficult to determine when collective action is appropriate in a given situation.<a href="#cite_note-Leviter-110">[105]</a>: 161–163  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Structure">edit</a>]</div> Beginning in 1997, heads of each member state adopted the ASEAN Vision 2020 during the group's 30th anniversary meeting held in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>. As a means for the realization of a single ASEAN community, this vision provides provisions on peace and stability, a nuclear-free region, closer economic integration, human development, sustainable development, cultural heritage, being a drug-free region, environment among others. The vision also aimed to "see an outward-looking ASEAN playing a pivotal role in the international fora, and advancing ASEAN's common interests".<a href="#cite_note-111">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[107]</a> ASEAN Vision 2020 was formalized and made comprehensive through the Bali Concord II in 2003. Three major pillars of a single ASEAN community were established: Political-Security Community (APSC), Economic Community (AEC) and Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC).<a href="#cite_note-113">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Overview-114">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-APSC-FS-115">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-AEC-FS-116">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-ASCC-FS-117">[112]</a> To fully embody the three pillars as part of the 2015 integration, blueprints for APSC and ASCC were subsequently adopted in 2009 in <a href="/wiki/Cha-am" class="mw-redirect" title="Cha-am">Cha-am</a>, Thailand.<a href="#cite_note-118">[113]</a> The ASEAN Community, initially planned to commence by 2020, was accelerated to begin by 31 December 2015.<a href="#cite_note-119">[114]</a> It was decided during the 12th ASEAN Summit in <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a> in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-120">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AEC_Blueprint">AEC Blueprint</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: AEC Blueprint">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_Declaration_Signing_11.22.15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/KL_Declaration_Signing_11.22.15.jpg/220px-KL_Declaration_Signing_11.22.15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/KL_Declaration_Signing_11.22.15.jpg/330px-KL_Declaration_Signing_11.22.15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/KL_Declaration_Signing_11.22.15.jpg/440px-KL_Declaration_Signing_11.22.15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>ASEAN leaders sign the declaration of the ASEAN Economic Community during the 27th ASEAN Summit in Kuala Lumpur, 2015.</figcaption></figure> The AEC aims to "implement economic integration initiatives" to create a single market for member states.<a href="#cite_note-Primer-121">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[117]</a> The blueprint that serves as a comprehensive guide for the establishment of the community was adopted on 20 November 2007 at the 13th ASEAN Summit in Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-Primer-121">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Blueprint-123">[118]</a> Its characteristics include a single market and production base, a highly competitive economic region, a region of fair economic development, and a region fully integrated into the global economy. The areas of cooperation include human resources development, recognition of professional qualifications, closer consultation economic policies, enhanced infrastructure and communications connectivity, integrating industries for regional sourcing, and strengthening private sector involvement. Through the free movement of skilled labor, goods, services and investment, ASEAN would rise globally as one market, thus increasing its competitiveness and opportunities for development.<a href="#cite_note-124">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="APSC_Blueprint">APSC Blueprint</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: APSC Blueprint">edit</a>]</div> During the 14th ASEAN Summit, the group adopted the APSC Blueprint.<a href="#cite_note-125">[120]</a> This document is aimed at creating a robust political-security environment within ASEAN, with programs and activities outlined to establish the APSC by 2016. It is based on the ASEAN Charter, the ASEAN Security Community Plan of Action, and the Vientiane Action Program. The APSC aims to create a sense of responsibility toward comprehensive security and a dynamic, outward-looking region in an increasingly integrated and interdependent world. The ASEAN Defense Industry Collaboration (ADIC) was proposed at the 4th ASEAN Defense Ministers' Meeting (ADMM) on 11 May 2010 in <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-126">[121]</a> It has the purpose, among others, to reduce defense imports from non-ASEAN countries by half and to further develop the defense industry in the region.<a href="#cite_note-127">[122]</a> It was formally adopted on the next ADMM on 19 May 2011, in Jakarta, Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-128">[123]</a> The main focus is to industrially and technologically boost the security capability of ASEAN,<a href="#cite_note-csis.org-129">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[125]</a> consistent with the principles of flexibility and non-binding and voluntary participation among the member states.<a href="#cite_note-131">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[127]</a> The concept revolves around education and capability-building programs to develop the skills and capabilities of the workforce, production of capital for defense products, and the provision of numerous services to address the security needs of each member state. It also aims to develop an intra-ASEAN defense trade.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-126">[121]</a> ADIC aims to establish a strong defense industry relying on the local capabilities of each member state and limit annual procurement from external original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-126">[121]</a> Countries like the US, Germany, Russia, France, Italy, UK, China, South Korea, Israel, and the Netherlands are among the major suppliers to ASEAN.<a href="#cite_note-133">[128]</a> ASEAN defense budget rose by 147% from 2004 to 2013 and is expected to rise further in the future.<a href="#cite_note-134">[129]</a> Factors affecting the increase include economic growth, ageing equipment, and the plan to strengthen the establishment of the defense industry.<a href="#cite_note-135">[130]</a> ASEANAPOL is also established to enhance cooperation on law enforcement and crime control among police forces of member states.<a href="#cite_note-136">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ASCC_Blueprint">ASCC Blueprint</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: ASCC Blueprint">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Inter-Parliamentary_Assembly" title="ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly">ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly</a></div> The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) was also adopted during the 14th ASEAN Summit.<a href="#cite_note-137">[132]</a> It envisions an "ASEAN Community that is people-centered and socially responsible with a view to achieving enduring solidarity and unity among the countries and peoples of ASEAN by forging a common identity and building a caring and sharing society which is inclusive and harmonious where the well-being, livelihood, and welfare of the peoples are enhanced". Among its focus areas include human development, social welfare and protection, social justice and rights, environmental sustainability, building the ASEAN identity, and narrowing the development gap. To track the progress of the AEC, a compliance tool called the AEC Scorecard was developed based on the EU Internal Market Scorecard.<a href="#cite_note-Xianbai-138">[133]</a> It is the only one in effect<a href="#cite_note-aseanec.blogspot.com-139">[134]</a> and is expected to serve as an unbiased assessment tool to measure the extent of integration and the economic health of the region. It is expected to provide relevant information about regional priorities, and thus foster productive, inclusive, and sustainable growth.<a href="#cite_note-eastasiaforum.org-140">[135]</a> It makes it possible to monitor the implementation of ASEAN agreements, and the achievement of milestones indicated in the AEC Strategic Schedule. The scorecard outlines specific actions that must be undertaken collectively and individually to establish AEC by 2015.<a href="#cite_note-eastasiaforum.org-140">[135]</a> To date, two official scorecards have been published, one in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-141">[136]</a> and the other in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-Scorecard-2012-142">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-Xianbai-138">[133]</a> However, the scorecard is purely quantitative, as it only examines whether a member state has performed the AEC task or not. The more "yes" answers, the higher the score.<a href="#cite_note-aseanec.blogspot.com-139">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="APAEC_blueprint">APAEC blueprint</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: APAEC blueprint">edit</a>]</div> Part of the work towards the ASEAN Economic Community is the integration of the energy systems of the ASEAN member states. The blueprint for this integration is provided by the ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC).<a href="#cite_note-Overland_100019-143">[138]</a> APAEC is managed by the ASEAN Center for Energy. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020_ASEAN_Banking_Integration_Framework">2020 ASEAN Banking Integration Framework</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 2020 ASEAN Banking Integration Framework">edit</a>]</div> As trade is liberalized with the integration in 2015, the need arises for ASEAN banking institutions to accommodate and expand their services to an intra-ASEAN market. Experts, however, have already forecast a shaky economic transition, especially for smaller players in the banking and financial services industry. Two separate reports by <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a> (S&P) outline the challenges that ASEAN financial institutions face as they prepare for the 2020 banking integration.<a href="#cite_note-fn1-144">[f]</a> The reports point out that overcrowded banking sector in the Philippines is expected to feel the most pressure as the integration welcomes tighter competition with bigger and more established foreign banks.<a href="#cite_note-mb.com.ph-145">[139]</a> As a result, there needs to be a regional expansion by countries with a small banking sector to lessen the impact of the post-integration environment. In a follow-up report, S&P recently cited the Philippines for "shoring up its network bases and building up capital ahead of the banking integration – playing defense and strengthening their domestic networks".<a href="#cite_note-mb.com.ph-145">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Financial_integration_roadmap">Financial integration roadmap</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Financial integration roadmap">edit</a>]</div> The roadmap for financial integration is the latest regional initiative that aims to strengthen local self-help and support mechanisms. The roadmap's implementation would contribute to the realization of the AEC. Adoption of a common currency, when conditions are ripe, could be the final stage of the AEC. The roadmap identifies approaches and milestones in capital market development, capital account and financial services liberalization, and ASEAN currency cooperation. Capital market development entails promoting institutional capacity as well as the facilitation of greater cross-border collaboration, linkages, and harmonization between capital markets. Orderly capital account liberalization would be promoted with adequate safeguards against volatility and systemic risks. To expedite the process of financial services liberalization, ASEAN has agreed on a positive list modality and adopted milestones to facilitate negotiations. Currency cooperation would involve the exploration of possible currency arrangements, including an ASEAN currency payment system for trade in local goods to reduce the demand for US dollars and to help promote stability of regional currencies, such as by settling intra-ASEAN trade using regional currencies.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-146">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Food_security">Food security</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Food security">edit</a>]</div> Member states recognize the importance of strengthening <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a> to maintain stability and prosperity in the region.<a href="#cite_note-147">[141]</a> As ASEAN moves towards AEC and beyond, food security would be an integral part of the community-building agenda.<a href="#cite_note-148">[142]</a> Strengthened food security is even more relevant in light of potentially severe risks from climate change with agriculture and fisheries being the most affected industries.<a href="#cite_note-149">[143]</a> Part of the aim of ASEAN integration is to achieve food security collectively via <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a> in rice and maize. <a href="/wiki/Trade_facilitation" title="Trade facilitation">Trade facilitation</a> measures and the harmonization/equivalency of food regulation and control standards would reduce the cost of trade in food products. While specialization and revealed comparative and competitive indices point to complementarities between trade patterns among the member states, intra-ASEAN trade in agriculture is quite small, something that integration could address.<a href="#cite_note-150">[144]</a> The MARKET project would provide flexible and demand-driven support to the ASEAN Secretariat while bringing more private-sector and civil-society input into regional agriculture policy dialogue. By building an environment that reduces barriers to trade, ASEAN trade would increase, thereby decreasing the risk of food price crisis.<a href="#cite_note-151">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN countries by GDP">List of ASEAN countries by GDP</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_country_subdivisions_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN country subdivisions by GDP">List of ASEAN country subdivisions by GDP</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1233514072">.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers 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.col29center td:nth-child(29){text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .col1right td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2right td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3right td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4right td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5right td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6right td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7right td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8right td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9right td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10right td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11right td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12right td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13right td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14right td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15right td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16right td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17right td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18right td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19right td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20right td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21right td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22right td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23right td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24right td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25right td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26right td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27right td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28right td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29right td:nth-child(29){text-align:right}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi static-row-numbers" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>GDP statistics by country, in 2024 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Country<a href="#cite_note-152">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[147]</a> </th> <th rowspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Population (millions) </th> <th colspan="2">GDP Nominal </th> <th colspan="2">GDP (PPP) </th></tr> <tr> <th data-sort-type="number">millions of USD </th> <th data-sort-type="number">per capita USD </th> <th data-sort-type="number">millions of Int$ </th> <th data-sort-type="number">per capita Int$ </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td>279.965</td> <td>1,475,960</td> <td>5,271</td> <td>4,720,542</td> <td>16,861 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td>65.975</td> <td>548,890</td> <td>7,812</td> <td>1,644,322</td> <td>23,401 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </td> <td>5.938</td> <td>525,228</td> <td>88,446</td> <td>794,179</td> <td>133,738 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="1" style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td>114.161</td> <td>471,516</td> <td>4,130</td> <td>1,391,800</td> <td>12,192 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="1" style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td>100.770</td> <td>468,814</td> <td>4,623</td> <td>1,558,898</td> <td>15,470 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td>33.460</td> <td>445,519</td> <td>13,315</td> <td>1,305,942</td> <td>39,030 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </td> <td>54.506</td> <td>68,006</td> <td>1,248</td> <td>283,572</td> <td>5,203 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td> <td>17.182</td> <td>45,150</td> <td>2,628</td> <td>142,392</td> <td>8,287 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </td> <td>0.442</td> <td>15,510</td> <td>35,111</td> <td>34,249</td> <td>75,534 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </td> <td>7.686</td> <td>15,190</td> <td>1,976</td> <td>78,713</td> <td>10,242 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg/23px-Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg/35px-Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg/45px-Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ASEAN</a> </th> <th>684.376</th> <th>4,079,723</th> <th>5,961</th> <th>11,954,627</th> <th>17,468 </th></tr></tbody></table> The group sought economic integration by creating the AEC by the end of 2015 that established a <a href="/wiki/Single_market" title="Single market">single market</a>.<a href="#cite_note-asil1-154">[148]</a> The average economic growth of member states from 1989 to 2009 was between 3.8% and 7%. This was greater than the average growth of APEC, which was 2.8%.<a href="#cite_note-155">[149]</a> The ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), established on 28 January 1992,<a href="#cite_note-AFTA-156">[150]</a> includes a Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) to promote the free flow of goods between member states.<a href="#cite_note-asil1-154">[148]</a> ASEAN had only six members when it was signed. The new member states (Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia) have not fully met AFTA's obligations, but are officially considered part of the agreement as they were required to sign it upon entry into ASEAN, and were given longer time frames to meet AFTA's tariff reduction obligations.<a href="#cite_note-157">[151]</a> The next steps are to create a single market and production base, a competitive economic region, a region of equitable economic development, and a region that is fully integrated into the global economy. Since 2007, ASEAN countries have gradually lowered their import duties to member states, with a target of zero import duties by 2016.<a href="#cite_note-158">[152]</a> ASEAN countries have many economic zones (industrial parks, eco-industrial parks, special economic zones, technology parks, and innovation districts) (see reference for comprehensive list from 2015).<a href="#cite_note-159">[153]</a> In 2018, eight of the ASEAN members are among the world's outperforming economies, with positive long-term prospect for the region.<a href="#cite_note-160">[154]</a> ASEAN's Secretariat projects that the regional body will grow to become the world's fourth largest economy by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-E&E-20191120-161">[155]</a> The ASEAN Centre for Energy publishes the ASEAN Energy Outlook every five years, analysing and promoting the integration of national energy systems across the region. The sixth edition was published in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-162">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_market">Internal market</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Internal market">edit</a>]</div> ASEAN planned to establish a single market based upon the <a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(European_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Freedoms (European Union)">four freedoms</a> by the end of 2015, with the goal of ensuring free flow of goods, services, skilled labour, and capital. The ASEAN Economic Community was formed in 2015,<a href="#cite_note-163">[157]</a> but the group deferred about 20% of the harmonization provisions needed to create a <a href="/wiki/Common_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Common market">common market</a> and set a new deadline of 2025.<a href="#cite_note-164">[158]</a> Until the end of 2010, intra-ASEAN trade was still low as trade involved mainly exports to countries outside the region, with the exception of Laos and Myanmar, whose foreign trade was ASEAN-oriented.<a href="#cite_note-165">[159]</a> In 2009, realised <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> (FDI) was US$37.9 billion and increased two-fold in 2010 to US$75.8 billion. 22% of FDI came from the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, followed by ASEAN countries (16%), and by Japan and the United States. The ASEAN Framework Agreement on Trade in Services (AFAS) was adopted at the ASEAN Summit in Bangkok in December 1995.<a href="#cite_note-166">[160]</a> Under the agreement, member states enter into successive rounds of negotiations to liberalise trade in services with the aim of submitting increasingly higher levels of commitment. ASEAN has concluded seven packages of commitments under AFAS.<a href="#cite_note-167">[161]</a> Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) have been agreed upon by ASEAN for eight professions: physicians, dentists, nurses, architects, engineers, accountants, surveyors, and tourism professionals. Individuals in these professions will be free to work in any ASEAN states effective 31 December 2015.<a href="#cite_note-168">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[164]</a> In addition, six member states (<a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> (2 exchanges), <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>) have collaborated on integrating their stock exchanges, which includes 70% of its transaction values with the goal to compete with international exchanges.<a href="#cite_note-171">[165]</a> Single market will also include the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Single_Aviation_Market" title="ASEAN Single Aviation Market">ASEAN Single Aviation Market</a> (ASEAN-SAM), the region's aviation policy geared towards the development of a <a href="/wiki/Open_skies" class="mw-redirect" title="Open skies">unified and single aviation market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. It was proposed by the ASEAN Air Transport Working Group, supported by the ASEAN Senior Transport Officials Meeting, and endorsed by the ASEAN Transport Ministers.<a href="#cite_note-ASEAN_SAM-172">[166]</a> It is expected to liberalise air travel between member states allowing ASEAN airlines to benefit directly from the growth in air travel, and also free up tourism, trade, investment, and service flows.<a href="#cite_note-ASEAN_SAM-172">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-LHL_on_SAM-173">[167]</a> Since 1 December 2008, restrictions on the third and fourth <a href="/wiki/Freedoms_of_the_air" title="Freedoms of the air">freedoms of the air</a> between capital cities of member states for air passenger services have been removed,<a href="#cite_note-174">[168]</a> while from 1 January 2009, full liberalisation of air freight services in the region took effect.<a href="#cite_note-ASEAN_SAM-172">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-LHL_on_SAM-173">[167]</a> On 1 January 2011, full liberalisation on fifth freedom traffic rights between all capital cities took effect.<a href="#cite_note-175">[169]</a> This policy supersedes existing unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral air services agreements among member states which are inconsistent with its provisions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monetary_union">Monetary union</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Monetary union">edit</a>]</div> The concept of an <a href="/wiki/Asian_Currency_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Currency Unit">Asian Currency Unit</a> (ACU) started in the middle of the 1990s, prior to the <a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Baby_Steps_to_a_Common_Currency-176">[170]</a> It is a proposed basket of Asian currencies, similar to the European Currency Unit, which was the precursor of the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a> is responsible for exploring the feasibility and construction of the basket.<a href="#cite_note-Baby_Steps_to_a_Common_Currency-176">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[171]</a> Since the ACU is being considered to be a precursor to a common currency, it has a dynamic outlook of the region.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-178">[172]</a> The overall goal of a common currency is to contribute to the financial stability of a regional economy, including price stability. It means lower cost of cross-border business through the elimination of currency risk. Greater flows of intra-trade would put pressure on prices, resulting in cheaper goods and services. Individuals benefit not only from the lowering of prices, they save by not having to change money when travelling, by being able to compare prices more readily, and by the reduced cost of transferring money across borders. However, there are conditions for a common currency: the intensity of intra-regional trade and the convergence of <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">macroeconomic</a> conditions. Substantial intra-ASEAN trade (which is growing, partly as a result of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and the ASEAN Economic Community.) and economic integration is an incentive for a monetary union. Member states currently trade more with other countries (80%) than among themselves (20%). Therefore, their economies are more concerned about currency stability against major international currencies, like the US dollar. On macroeconomic conditions, member states have different levels of economic development, capacity, and priorities that translate into different levels of interest and readiness. Monetary integration, however, implies less control over national monetary and fiscal policy to stimulate the economy. Therefore, greater convergence in macroeconomic conditions is being enacted to improve conditions and confidence in a common currency.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-146">[140]</a> Other concerns include weaknesses in the financial sectors, inadequacy of regional-level resource pooling mechanisms and institutions required to form and manage a currency union, and lack of political preconditions for monetary co-operation and a common currency.<a href="#cite_note-179">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_trade">Free trade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Free trade">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_countries_with_which_ASEAN_has_free_trade_agreements.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Map_of_countries_with_which_ASEAN_has_free_trade_agreements.svg/250px-Map_of_countries_with_which_ASEAN_has_free_trade_agreements.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Map_of_countries_with_which_ASEAN_has_free_trade_agreements.svg/375px-Map_of_countries_with_which_ASEAN_has_free_trade_agreements.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Map_of_countries_with_which_ASEAN_has_free_trade_agreements.svg/500px-Map_of_countries_with_which_ASEAN_has_free_trade_agreements.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1054" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  ASEAN</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries with which ASEAN has free trade agreements</div></figcaption></figure> In 1992, the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) scheme was adopted as a schedule for phasing out tariffs to increase the "region's competitive advantage as a production base geared for the world market". This law would act as the framework for the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Free Trade Area</a> (AFTA), which is an agreement by member states concerning local manufacturing in ASEAN. It was signed on 28 January 1992 in Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-AFTA-156">[150]</a> Free trade initiatives in ASEAN are spearheaded by the implementation of the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA) and the Agreement on Customs. These agreements are supported by several sector bodies to plan and to execute free trade measures, guided by the provisions and the requirements of ATIGA and the Agreement on Customs. They form a backbone for achieving targets of the AEC Blueprint and establishing the ASEAN Economic Community by the end of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-InvestAsian-180">[174]</a> On 26 August 2007, ASEAN stated its aim of completing free trade agreements (FTA) with China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand by 2013, which is in line with the start of the ASEAN Economic Community by 2015.<a href="#cite_note-181">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[176]</a> In November 2007, ASEAN states signed the ASEAN Charter, a constitution governing relations among member states and establishing the group itself as an international legal entity.<a href="#cite_note-183">[177]</a> During the same year, the <a href="/wiki/Cebu_Declaration_on_East_Asian_Energy_Security" title="Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security">Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security</a> was signed by ASEAN and the other members of the <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Summit">EAS</a> (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea), which pursues <a href="/wiki/Energy_security" title="Energy security">energy security</a> by finding <a href="/wiki/Renewable" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable">energy alternatives</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuels">fossil fuels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[178]</a> On 27 February 2009, an FTA with <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> was signed. It is believed that this FTA would boost combined GDP across the 12 countries by more than US$48 billion over the period between 2000 and 2020.<a href="#cite_note-185">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[180]</a> The agreement with China created the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93China_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN–China Free Trade Area">ASEAN–China Free Trade Area</a> (ACFTA), which went into full effect on 1 January 2010. In addition, ASEAN was noted to be negotiating an FTA with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FTA-187">[181]</a> Bilateral trade with India crossed the US$70 billion target in 2012 (target was to reach the level by 2015).<a href="#cite_note-188">[182]</a> Taiwan has also expressed interest in an agreement with ASEAN but needs to overcome diplomatic objections from China.<a href="#cite_note-189">[183]</a> ASEAN, together with its six major trading partners (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea), began the first round of negotiations on 26–28 February 2013, in Bali, Indonesia on the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ref2013022305-190">[184]</a> which is an extension of ASEAN Plus Three and Six that covers 45% of the world's population and about a third of the world's total GDP.<a href="#cite_note-191">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[187]</a> In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> highlighted a mechanism used by traders to avoid the 70% tariff on <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> imported into China from the United States, involving importing the fuel into Malaysia, mixing it with at least 40% ASEAN-produced fuel, and re-exporting it to China tariff-free under ACFTA rules.<a href="#cite_note-194">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity_trade">Electricity trade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Electricity trade">edit</a>]</div> Cross-border electricity trade in ASEAN has been limited, despite efforts since 1997 to establish an <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Power_Grid" title="ASEAN Power Grid">ASEAN Power Grid</a> and associated trade. Electricity trade accounts for only about 5% of the generation, whereas trades in coal and gas are 86% and 53% respectively.<a href="#cite_note-195">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_ASEAN_members" title="Visa policy of ASEAN members">Visa policy of ASEAN members</a></div> With the institutionalisation of visa-free travel between ASEAN member states, intra-ASEAN travel has escalated. In 2010, 47% or 34 million out of 73 million tourists in ASEAN member-states were from other ASEAN countries.<a href="#cite_note-197">[191]</a> Cooperation in tourism was formalised in 1976, following the formation of the Sub-Committee on Tourism (SCOT) under the ASEAN Committee on Trade and Tourism. The 1st ASEAN Tourism Forum was held on 18–26 October 1981 in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>. In 1986, ASEAN Promotional Chapters for Tourism (APCT) were established in Hong Kong, West Germany, the United Kingdom, Australia/New Zealand, Japan, and North America.<a href="#cite_note-198">[192]</a> Tourism has been one of the key growth sectors in ASEAN and has proven resilient amid global economic challenges. The wide array of tourist attractions across the region drew 109 million tourists to ASEAN in 2015, up by 34% compared to 81 million tourists in 2011. As of 2012, tourism was estimated to account for 4.6% of ASEAN GDP—10.9% when taking into account all indirect contributions. It directly employed 9.3 million people, or 3.2% of total employment, and indirectly supported some 25 million jobs.<a href="#cite_note-199">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[194]</a> In addition, the sector accounted for an estimated 8% of total capital investment in the region.<a href="#cite_note-201">[195]</a> In January 2012, ASEAN tourism ministers called for the development of a marketing strategy. The strategy represents the consensus of ASEAN National Tourism Organisations (NTOs) on marketing directions for ASEAN moving forward to 2015.<a href="#cite_note-202">[196]</a> In the 2013 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) report, Singapore placed 1st, Malaysia placed 8th, Thailand placed 9th, Indonesia placed 12th, Brunei placed 13th, Vietnam placed 16th, Philippines placed 17th, and Cambodia placed 20th as the top destinations of travellers in the Asia Pacific region.<a href="#cite_note-203">[197]</a> 1981 The ASEAN Tourism Forum (ATF) was established. It is a regional meeting of NGOs, Ministers, sellers, buyers and journalists to promote the ASEAN countries as a single one tourist destination. The annual event 2019 in Ha Long marks the 38th anniversary and involves all the tourism industry sectors of the 10 member states of ASEAN: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. It was organized by TTG Events from Singapore. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv/160px--Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="160" height="90" data-durationhint="108" data-mwtitle="Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv/Indonesian_Press_Conference_ATF_2019.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></div> <div class="gallerytext">Indonesian Press Conference AFT 2019</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ASEAN_Tourism_Forum_2019_Vietnam_woman_cloth_parade.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ASEAN Tourism Forum 2019 - Traditional Vietnam woman cloth parade"><img alt="ASEAN Tourism Forum 2019 - Traditional Vietnam woman cloth parade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ASEAN_Tourism_Forum_2019_Vietnam_woman_cloth_parade.jpg/74px-ASEAN_Tourism_Forum_2019_Vietnam_woman_cloth_parade.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ASEAN_Tourism_Forum_2019_Vietnam_woman_cloth_parade.jpg/111px-ASEAN_Tourism_Forum_2019_Vietnam_woman_cloth_parade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ASEAN_Tourism_Forum_2019_Vietnam_woman_cloth_parade.jpg/148px-ASEAN_Tourism_Forum_2019_Vietnam_woman_cloth_parade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1975" data-file-height="3188" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">ASEAN Tourism Forum 2019 - Traditional Vietnam woman cloth parade</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ASEAN_Tourism_Awards_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ASEAN Tourism Awards 2019 - Gzhel costumes Vietnam style"><img alt="ASEAN Tourism Awards 2019 - Gzhel costumes Vietnam style" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/ASEAN_Tourism_Awards_2019.jpg/58px-ASEAN_Tourism_Awards_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="58" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/ASEAN_Tourism_Awards_2019.jpg/87px-ASEAN_Tourism_Awards_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/ASEAN_Tourism_Awards_2019.jpg/116px-ASEAN_Tourism_Awards_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1604" data-file-height="3314" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">ASEAN Tourism Awards 2019 - Gzhel costumes Vietnam style</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Thi%E1%BB%87n.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nguyễn Ngọc Thiện, Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Vietnam at the ASEAN Tourism Awards 2019 in Ha Long Bay"><img alt="Nguyễn Ngọc Thiện, Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Vietnam at the ASEAN Tourism Awards 2019 in Ha Long Bay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Thi%E1%BB%87n.jpg/86px-Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Thi%E1%BB%87n.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Thi%E1%BB%87n.jpg/130px-Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Thi%E1%BB%87n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Thi%E1%BB%87n.jpg/173px-Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_Thi%E1%BB%87n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2594" data-file-height="3597" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nguyễn Ngọc Thiện, Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Vietnam at the ASEAN Tourism Awards 2019 in Ha Long Bay</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Thai_Village_Princesses.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Children from Thai Hai Reserve Area of Ecological Houses-on-stilts Ethnic Village at the ASEAN Tourism Forum 2019 in Ha Long Bay, Viet Nam; organised by TTG Events"><img alt="Children from Thai Hai Reserve Area of Ecological Houses-on-stilts Ethnic Village at the ASEAN Tourism Forum 2019 in Ha Long Bay, Viet Nam; organised by TTG Events" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Thai_Village_Princesses.jpg/160px-Thai_Village_Princesses.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Thai_Village_Princesses.jpg/240px-Thai_Village_Princesses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Thai_Village_Princesses.jpg/320px-Thai_Village_Princesses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3564" data-file-height="2596" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Children from Thai Hai Reserve Area of Ecological Houses-on-stilts Ethnic Village at the ASEAN Tourism Forum 2019 in Ha Long Bay, Viet Nam; organised by TTG Events</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gala_ATF_2019_Salute.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Closing Ceremony of Visit Vietnam Year 2018 & Gala Celebrating the Success of ATF 2019"><img alt="Closing Ceremony of Visit Vietnam Year 2018 & Gala Celebrating the Success of ATF 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gala_ATF_2019_Salute.jpg/160px-Gala_ATF_2019_Salute.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gala_ATF_2019_Salute.jpg/240px-Gala_ATF_2019_Salute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gala_ATF_2019_Salute.jpg/320px-Gala_ATF_2019_Salute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3449" data-file-height="1685" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Closing Ceremony of Visit Vietnam Year 2018 & Gala Celebrating the Success of ATF 2019</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooperation_funds">Cooperation funds</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cooperation funds">edit</a>]</div> The establishment of the <a href="/wiki/China-ASEAN_Investment_Cooperation_Fund" title="China-ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund">China-ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund</a> was announced in 2009 by Chinese Premier <a href="/wiki/Wen_Jiabao" title="Wen Jiabao">Wen Jiabao</a> began operations in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-AboutCAF-204">[198]</a> The fund, which is sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Export-Import_Bank_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Export-Import Bank of China">Export-Import Bank of China</a>, among other institutional investors, became the first Southeast Asia-focused private equity fund approved by China's <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> and the National Development and Reform Commission.<a href="#cite_note-ManBull-205">[199]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Export-Import_Bank_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Export-Import Bank of China">Export-Import Bank of China</a> is the "anchor sponsor" with a "seed investment" of US$300 million.<a href="#cite_note-IFC-206">[200]</a> Three other Chinese institutions invested a combined US$500 million.<a href="#cite_note-IFC-206">[200]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">International Finance Corporation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> invested US$100 million.<a href="#cite_note-IFC-206">[200]</a> In November 2011, the China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation fund was established.<a href="#cite_note-Loh-207">[201]</a>: 160  China underwrote the fund, which is valued at RMB 3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Loh-207">[201]</a>: 160  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Foreign relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Summit" title="ASEAN Summit">ASEAN Summit</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asean_flag_flying_at_Royal_Thai_Embassy_Helsinki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Asean_flag_flying_at_Royal_Thai_Embassy_Helsinki.jpg/250px-Asean_flag_flying_at_Royal_Thai_Embassy_Helsinki.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Asean_flag_flying_at_Royal_Thai_Embassy_Helsinki.jpg/375px-Asean_flag_flying_at_Royal_Thai_Embassy_Helsinki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Asean_flag_flying_at_Royal_Thai_Embassy_Helsinki.jpg/500px-Asean_flag_flying_at_Royal_Thai_Embassy_Helsinki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Royal Thai Embassy, Helsinki, flying its own national flag as well as ASEAN's flag</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ASEAN_50th_Anniversary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/ASEAN_50th_Anniversary.jpg/250px-ASEAN_50th_Anniversary.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/ASEAN_50th_Anniversary.jpg/375px-ASEAN_50th_Anniversary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/ASEAN_50th_Anniversary.jpg/500px-ASEAN_50th_Anniversary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte poses for a photo with the ASEAN foreign ministers during the 50th anniversary of the group's foundation on 8 August 2017.</figcaption></figure> ASEAN maintains a global network of alliances, dialogue partners and diplomatic missions, and is involved in numerous international affairs.<a href="#cite_note-ASEANTreaties-208">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-aseanUN-209">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-aseanoverview-210">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNgovorgs-211">[205]</a> The organisation maintains good relationships on an international scale, particularly towards Asia-Pacific nations, and upholds itself as a neutral party in politics. It holds <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Summit" title="ASEAN Summit">ASEAN Summits</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">heads of government</a> of each member states meet to discuss and resolve regional issues, as well as to conduct other meetings with countries outside the bloc to promote external relations and deal with international affairs. The first summit was held in <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> in 1976. The third summit was in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> in 1987, and during this meeting, it was decided that the leaders would meet every five years.<a href="#cite_note-summit-212">[206]</a> The fourth meeting was held in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> in 1992 where the leaders decided to meet more frequently, every three years.<a href="#cite_note-summit-212">[206]</a> In 2001, it was decided that the organisation will meet annually to address urgent issues affecting the region. In December 2008, the ASEAN Charter came into force and with it, the ASEAN Summit will be held twice a year. The formal summit meets for three days, and usually includes internal organisation meeting, a conference with foreign ministers of the ASEAN Regional Forum, an ASEAN Plus Three meeting and ASEAN-CER, a meeting of member states with Australia and New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-213">[207]</a> ASEAN is a major partner of the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a>, developing cooperation model with the organisation in the field of security, economy, finance, tourism, culture, environmental protection, development and sustainability.<a href="#cite_note-Eurasia_Future-214">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-eng.sectsco.org-215">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-www.xinhuanet.com-216">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-en.sco-russia.ru-217">[211]</a> Additionally, the grouping has been closely aligned with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, cooperating across numerous areas, including economy, security, education, culture, technology, agriculture, human resource, society, development, investment, energy, transport, public health, tourism, media, environment, and sustainability.<a href="#cite_note-218">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[214]</a> It is also the linchpin in the foreign policy of Australia and New Zealand, with the three sides being integrated into an essential alliance.<a href="#cite_note-221">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[218]</a> ASEAN also participates in the <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a> (EAS), a pan-Asian forum held annually by the leaders of eighteen countries in the <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> region, with ASEAN in a leadership position. Initially, membership included all member states of ASEAN plus China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand, but was expanded to include the United States and Russia at the Sixth EAS in 2011, as they were also important players having dominance and influence over the region. The first summit was held in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> on 14 December 2005, and subsequent meetings have been held after the annual ASEAN Leaders' Meeting. The summit has discussed issues including trade, <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a>, and security and the summit has a role in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asia Community">regional community building</a>. Other meetings include the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting<a href="#cite_note-ministry-225">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[220]</a> that focus mostly on specific topics, such as defence or the environment,<a href="#cite_note-227">[221]</a> and are attended by <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">ministers</a>. The <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style>ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), which met for the first time in 1994, fosters dialogue and consultation, and to promote confidence-building and preventive diplomacy in the region.<a href="#cite_note-228">[222]</a> As of July 2007, it consists of twenty-seven participants that include all ASEAN member states, Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, China, the EU, India, Japan, North and South Korea, Mongolia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Russia, East Timor, the United States, and Sri Lanka.<a href="#cite_note-229">[223]</a> Taiwan has been excluded since the establishment of the ARF, and issues regarding the Taiwan Strait are neither discussed at ARF meetings nor stated in the ARF Chairman's Statements. ASEAN also holds meetings with Europe during the <a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Europe_Meeting" title="Asia–Europe Meeting">Asia–Europe Meeting</a> (ASEM), an informal dialogue process initiated in 1996 with the intention of strengthening co-operation between the countries of Europe and Asia, especially members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and ASEAN in particular.<a href="#cite_note-230">[224]</a> ASEAN, represented by its secretariat, is one of the forty-five ASEM partners. It also appoints a representative to sit on the governing board of <a href="/wiki/Asia-Europe_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Europe Foundation">Asia-Europe Foundation</a> (ASEF), a socio-cultural organisation associated with the meeting. Annual bilateral meetings between ASEAN and India, Russia and the United States are also held. Prior to 2012, ASEAN foreign ministerial statements were not typically contentious.<a href="#cite_note-Loh-207">[201]</a>: 90  Particularly as international disagreements over the South China Sea increased, the wording of ASEAN foreign ministerial statements became more politically contended.<a href="#cite_note-Loh-207">[201]</a>: 90–91  Following the <a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Nancy_Pelosi_to_Taiwan" title="2022 visit by Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan">2022 visit by United States Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan</a>, ASEAN and individual member states reiterated their support of the <a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China policy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Loh-207">[201]</a>: 89  On 12 November 2022, Ukrainian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Kuleba" title="Dmytro Kuleba">Dmytro Kuleba</a> urged ASEAN countries to abandon their neutrality and condemn Russia's <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_disputes">Territorial disputes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Territorial disputes">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_China_Sea">South China Sea</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: South China Sea">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="Territorial disputes in the South China Sea">Territorial disputes in the South China Sea</a></div> With perceptions that there have been <a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="Territorial disputes in the South China Sea">multiple incursions</a> into the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> by the PRC (China) and ROC (Taiwan), with land, islands and resources all having had previous overlapping claims between <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, and various other countries, the PRC and ROC's claim into the region is seen as intrusive by many Southeast Asian countries as of 2022, potentially a reflection of the threat of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_expansionism" title="Chinese expansionism">Chinese expansionism</a> into the region.<a href="#cite_note-232">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[228]</a> Shortly after the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea_Arbitration" title="South China Sea Arbitration">South China Sea Arbitration</a>, at the 24 July 2016 China-ASEAN Foreign Ministers summit, China assured ASEAN that it would not conduct <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation_in_China" title="Land reclamation in China">land reclamation</a> on the Scarborough Shoal.<a href="#cite_note-:04-235">[229]</a>: 129  The joint statement at the conclusion of the summit emphasized the implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea and urged the parties to refrain from inhabiting currently unoccupied islands, reefs, shoals, cays, and other features.<a href="#cite_note-:04-235">[229]</a>: 129  Within ASEAN, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Cambodia–China relations">Cambodia</a> is often supportive of the PRC's positions, including on the South China Sea issue.<a href="#cite_note-:9222-236">[230]</a>: 211  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bilateral">Bilateral</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Bilateral">edit</a>]</div> There have been <a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">territorial disputes</a> between ASEAN member states such as the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Thai_border_dispute" title="Cambodian–Thai border dispute">Cambodian–Thai border dispute</a> between Cambodia and Thailand, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations#Recent_events" title="Cambodia–Vietnam relations">Cambodian–Vietnamese border dispute</a> between Cambodia and Vietnam,<a href="#cite_note-237">[231]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a> between the Philippines and Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-238">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[235]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_invasion_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia">Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia</a> in 1978, backed by the Soviet Union, was not accepted by ASEAN. They rejected it as a violation of the principles of regional integration. ASEAN cooperated with US and Australia to oppose Vietnam's move and it sponsored a Cambodian resolution in the United Nations General Assembly. ASEAN played a major role starting in 1980 in the peace process, leading to the 1991 Paris Agreement. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_other_blocs">Relations with other blocs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Relations with other blocs">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ASEAN_with_Plus_3_and_Plus_6.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/ASEAN_with_Plus_3_and_Plus_6.png/400px-ASEAN_with_Plus_3_and_Plus_6.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/ASEAN_with_Plus_3_and_Plus_6.png/600px-ASEAN_with_Plus_3_and_Plus_6.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/ASEAN_with_Plus_3_and_Plus_6.png/800px-ASEAN_with_Plus_3_and_Plus_6.png 2x" data-file-width="4206" data-file-height="4202" /></a><figcaption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  ASEAN</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  ASEAN Plus Three</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  ASEAN Plus Six</div> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ASEAN_Plus_Three">ASEAN Plus Three</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: ASEAN Plus Three">edit</a>]</div> In 1990, Malaysia proposed the creation of an <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Economic_Caucus" title="East Asia Economic Caucus">East Asia Economic Caucus</a><a href="#cite_note-caucus-242">[236]</a> composed of the members of ASEAN, China, Japan, and South Korea. It intended to counterbalance the growing US influence in <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a> (APEC) and Asia as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-oppose-243">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[238]</a> However, the proposal failed because of strong opposition from the US and Japan.<a href="#cite_note-oppose-243">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[239]</a> Work for further integration continued, and the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Plus_Three" class="mw-redirect" title="ASEAN Plus Three">ASEAN Plus Three</a>,<a href="#cite_note-aseanplusthree-246">[240]</a> consisting of ASEAN, China, Japan, and South Korea, was created in 1997. <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Plus_Three" class="mw-redirect" title="ASEAN Plus Three">ASEAN Plus Three</a><a href="#cite_note-aseanplusthree-246">[240]</a> is a forum that functions as a coordinator of co-operation between the ASEAN and the three <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> nations of China, South Korea, and Japan. Government leaders, ministers, and senior officials from the ten members of the ASEAN and the three East Asian states consult on an increasing range of issues.<a href="#cite_note-247">[241]</a> The ASEAN Plus Three is the latest development of Southeast Asia-East Asia regional co-operation. In the past, proposals, such as South Korea's call for an Asian Common Market in 1970 and Japan's 1988 suggestion for an Asian Network, have been made to bring closer regional co-operation.<a href="#cite_note-248">[242]</a> The first leaders' meetings were held in 1996, and 1997 to deal with <a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Europe_Meeting" title="Asia–Europe Meeting">Asia–Europe Meeting</a> issues, and China and Japan each wanted regular summit meetings with ASEAN members afterwards. The group's significance and importance were strengthened by the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Financial_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Financial Crisis">Asian Financial Crisis</a>. In response to the crisis, ASEAN closely cooperated with China, South Korea, and Japan. Since the implementation of the Joint Statement on East Asia Cooperation in 1999 at the Manila Summit, ASEAN Plus Three finance ministers have been holding periodic consultations.<a href="#cite_note-249">[243]</a> ASEAN Plus Three, in establishing the <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai_Initiative" title="Chiang Mai Initiative">Chiang Mai Initiative</a>, has been credited as forming the basis for financial stability in Asia,<a href="#cite_note-250">[244]</a> the lack of such stability having contributed to the Asian Financial Crisis. Since the process began in 1997, ASEAN Plus Three has also focused on subjects other than finance such as the areas of food and energy security, financial co-operation, trade facilitation, disaster management, people-to-people contacts, narrowing the development gap, rural development, and poverty alleviation, human trafficking, labour movement, communicable diseases, environment and sustainable development, and <a href="/wiki/Transnational_crime" title="Transnational crime">transnational crime</a>, including counter-terrorism. With the aim of further strengthening the nations' co-operation, East Asia Vision Group (EAVG) II was established at the 13th ASEAN Plus Three Summit on 29 October 2010 in <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> to stock-take, review, and identify the future direction of the co-operation. The ASEAN Plus Three framework also serves as a platform for the ASEAN affiliated intergovernmental organizations in China, Korea, and Japan to meet and cooperate. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN-China_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASEAN-China Centre (page does not exist)">ASEAN-China Centre</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN-Japan_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASEAN-Japan Centre (page does not exist)">ASEAN-Japan Centre</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN-Korea_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASEAN-Korea Centre (page does not exist)">ASEAN-Korea Centre</a> currently convene annually to discuss ongoing projects and to discuss possible areas of cooperation vis-a-vis ASEAN.<a href="#cite_note-251">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ASEAN_Plus_Six">ASEAN Plus Six</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: ASEAN Plus Six">edit</a>]</div> ASEAN Plus Three was the first of attempts for further integration to improve existing ties of Southeast Asia with <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> countries of China, Japan and South Korea. This was followed by the even larger <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a> (EAS), which included ASEAN Plus Three as well as India, Australia, and New Zealand. This group acted as a prerequisite for the planned <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asia Community">East Asia Community</a> which was supposedly patterned after the <a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a> (now transformed into the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>). The <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Eminent_Persons_Group" title="ASEAN Eminent Persons Group">ASEAN Eminent Persons Group</a> was created to study this policy's possible successes and failures. The group became ASEAN Plus Six with Australia, New Zealand, and India, and stands as the linchpin of <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia Pacific</a>'s economic, political, security, socio-cultural architecture, as well as the global economy.<a href="#cite_note-252">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-East_Asia_Forum-255">[249]</a> Codification of the relations between these countries has seen progress through the development of the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a>, a free-trade agreement involving the 15 countries of ASEAN Plus Six (excluding India). RCEP would, in part, allow the members to protect local sectors and give more time to comply with the aim for developed country members.<a href="#cite_note-256">[250]</a> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> temporarily does not join the RCEP for the protection of its own market, but Japan, China, and ASEAN welcomes India's participation.<a href="#cite_note-Chinese_government_official_website._1–25-257">[251]</a> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> has been excluded from participating with the organization owing to China's influence on the <a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Pacific">Asia Pacific</a> through its economic and diplomatic influence.<a href="#cite_note-Hsieh_pp._1–25-258">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Environment">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Borneo_fires_October_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Borneo_fires_October_2006.jpg/220px-Borneo_fires_October_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Borneo_fires_October_2006.jpg/330px-Borneo_fires_October_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Borneo_fires_October_2006.jpg/440px-Borneo_fires_October_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Haze over <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>, 2006</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asean-co2-emissions-per-capita.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Asean-co2-emissions-per-capita.png/220px-Asean-co2-emissions-per-capita.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Asean-co2-emissions-per-capita.png/330px-Asean-co2-emissions-per-capita.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Asean-co2-emissions-per-capita.png/440px-Asean-co2-emissions-per-capita.png 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2706" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">Greenhouse gas emissions</a> per capita of different ASEAN countries.</figcaption></figure> At the turn of the 21st century, ASEAN began to discuss environmental agreements. These included the signing of the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Agreement_on_Transboundary_Haze_Pollution" title="ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution">ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution</a> in 2002 as an attempt to control haze pollution in Southeast Asia, arguably the region's most high-profile environmental issue.<a href="#cite_note-259">[253]</a> Unfortunately, this was unsuccessful due to the outbreaks of haze in <a href="/wiki/2005_Malaysian_haze" title="2005 Malaysian haze">2005</a>, <a href="/wiki/2006_Southeast_Asian_haze" title="2006 Southeast Asian haze">2006</a>, <a href="/wiki/2009_Southeast_Asian_haze" title="2009 Southeast Asian haze">2009</a>, <a href="/wiki/2013_Southeast_Asian_haze" title="2013 Southeast Asian haze">2013</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2015_Southeast_Asian_haze" title="2015 Southeast Asian haze">2015</a>. As of 2015, thirteen years after signing the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Agreement_on_Transboundary_Haze_Pollution" title="ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution">ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution</a>, the situation with respect to the long term issue of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_haze" title="Southeast Asian haze">Southeast Asian haze</a> had not changed for 50% of the ASEAN member states, and still remained as a crisis every two years during summer and fall.<a href="#cite_note-260">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[256]</a> Trash dumping from foreign countries (such as Japan and Canada) to ASEAN has yet to be discussed and resolved.<a href="#cite_note-263">[257]</a> Important issues include <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> (with Indonesia recorded the largest loss of forest in the region, more than other member states combined in the 2001–2013 period<a href="#cite_note-264">[258]</a>), plastic waste dumping (5 member states were among the top 10 out of 192 countries based on 2010 data, with Indonesia ranked as second worst polluter<a href="#cite_note-265">[259]</a>), threatened mammal species (Indonesia ranked the worst in the region with 184 species under threat<a href="#cite_note-266">[260]</a>), threatened fish species (Indonesia ranked the worst in the region<a href="#cite_note-267">[261]</a>), threatened (higher) plant species (Malaysia ranked the worst in the region<a href="#cite_note-268">[262]</a>). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SolarGIS-Solar-map-South-And-South-East-Asia-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/SolarGIS-Solar-map-South-And-South-East-Asia-en.png/220px-SolarGIS-Solar-map-South-And-South-East-Asia-en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/SolarGIS-Solar-map-South-And-South-East-Asia-en.png/330px-SolarGIS-Solar-map-South-And-South-East-Asia-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/SolarGIS-Solar-map-South-And-South-East-Asia-en.png/440px-SolarGIS-Solar-map-South-And-South-East-Asia-en.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Solar_irradiance" title="Solar irradiance">Solar irradiance</a> map of South and Southeast Asia, showing the high potential of <a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">solar power</a> in ASEAN.</figcaption></figure> ASEAN's aggregate economy is one of the fastest growing in the world. It is expected to grow by 4.6% in 2019, and 4.8% in 2020, but at the cost of the release about 1.5 billion tonnes of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO2</a> to the atmosphere every year. That makes ASEAN a greater source of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> than Japan (1.3 billion tonnes per year) or Germany (796 million tonnes per year). It is the only region in the world where coal is expected to increase its share of the <a href="/wiki/Energy_mix" title="Energy mix">energy mix</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Overland_100019-143">[138]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Energy_Agency" title="International Energy Agency">International Energy Agency</a> (IEA), "Since 2000 [ASEAN's] overall energy demand has grown by more than 80% and the lion's share of this growth has been met by a doubling in <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuel</a> use,... Oil is the largest element in the regional energy mix and coal, largely for power generation, has been the fastest growing."<a href="#cite_note-E&E-20191120-161">[155]</a> ASEAN has been criticized for not doing enough to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">mitigate climate change</a> although it is the world's most vulnerable region in terms of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change in Southeast Asia">climate impact</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Overland_100019-143">[138]</a> ASEAN has many opportunities for <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-269">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-270">[264]</a> With <a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">solar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a> plus off river pumped hydro storage, ASEAN electricity industry could achieve very high penetration (78%–97%) of domestic solar and wind energy resources at a competitive levelised costs of electricity range from 55 to 115 U.S. dollars per megawatt-hour based on 2020 technology costs.<a href="#cite_note-:2-269">[263]</a> Vietnam's experience in solar and wind power development provides relevant implications for the other ASEAN countries.<a href="#cite_note-:3-270">[264]</a> The proposed <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Power_Grid" title="ASEAN Power Grid">ASEAN Power Grid</a> could allow for renewable energy transmission from large producers like <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> to others within ASEAN. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy_transition">Energy transition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Energy transition">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Key_features_of_energy_transition_in_Southeast_Asia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Key_features_of_energy_transition_in_Southeast_Asia.png/220px-Key_features_of_energy_transition_in_Southeast_Asia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Key_features_of_energy_transition_in_Southeast_Asia.png/330px-Key_features_of_energy_transition_in_Southeast_Asia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Key_features_of_energy_transition_in_Southeast_Asia.png/440px-Key_features_of_energy_transition_in_Southeast_Asia.png 2x" data-file-width="1337" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>Key features of energy transition in Southeast Asia</figcaption></figure> The ASEAN has initiated its transition to cleaner energy sources. This transition is characterized as Demanding, Doable, and Dependent.<a href="#cite_note-Do-271">[265]</a> With approximately 679 million inhabitants, the region is witnessing a substantial surge in energy demand, projected to triple by 2050. However, transitioning energy sources requires significant resources. Southeast Asia would need to invest USD 27 billion annually in renewable energy to achieve the target of 23% renewables in the primary energy supply by 2025. Nevertheless, this goal is attainable with the implementation of appropriate policies.<a href="#cite_note-Do-271">[265]</a> Vietnam serves as a compelling example of rapid adoption of solar and wind energy.<a href="#cite_note-272">[266]</a> Since 2019, Vietnam has emerged as a regional leader, with solar and wind energy accounting for 13% of its electricity mix in 2022, a remarkable increase from nearly zero in 2017. The region requires international assistance to meet its net-zero emission targets.<a href="#cite_note-Do-271">[265]</a> Phasing out coal remains a daunting task, although countries such as Indonesia and Vietnam have pledged to phasing out coal power by 2040s.<a href="#cite_note-273">[267]</a> Several high profile leaders such as the head of the Indonesian national energy company <a href="/wiki/Perusahaan_Listrik_Negara" title="Perusahaan Listrik Negara">PLN</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmawan_Prasodjo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darmawan Prasodjo (page does not exist)">Darmawan Prasodjo</a>, have stated that the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Power_Grid" title="ASEAN Power Grid">ASEAN Power Grid</a> proposal is key to unlocking the potential for green energy in southeast Asia.<a href="#cite_note-274">[268]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> To enhance the region's status in education, ASEAN education ministers have agreed four priorities for education at all levels, promoting ASEAN awareness among ASEAN citizens, particularly youth, strengthening ASEAN identity through education, building ASEAN human resources in the field of education strengthening the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_University_Network" title="ASEAN University Network">ASEAN University Network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Education_2009-275">[269]</a> At the 11th ASEAN Summit in December 2005, leaders set new direction for regional education collaboration when they welcomed the decision of the ASEAN education ministers to convene meetings on a regular basis. The annual ASEAN Education Ministers Meeting oversees co-operation efforts on education at the ministerial level. With regard to implementation, programs, and activities are carried out by the ASEAN Senior Officials on Education (SOM-ED). SOM-ED also manages co-operation on <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> through the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_University_Network" title="ASEAN University Network">ASEAN University Network</a> (AUN).<a href="#cite_note-276">[270]</a> It is a consortium of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a> tertiary institutions of which 30 currently belong as participating universities.<a href="#cite_note-277">[271]</a> Founded in November 1995 by 11 universities,<a href="#cite_note-278">[272]</a> the AUN was established to:<a href="#cite_note-Education_2009-275">[269]</a> promote co-operation among ASEAN scholars, academics, and scientists, develop academic and professional human resources, promote information dissemination among the ASEAN academic community, enhance awareness of a regional identity and the sense of "ASEAN-ness" among member states. In November 2011, ten vocational schools and centers were established in China to help develop human resources to assist in the economic and social development of the ASEAN countries.<a href="#cite_note-Loh-207">[201]</a>: 160  ASEAN also has a <a href="/wiki/Scholarship" title="Scholarship">scholarship</a> program offered by Singapore to the 9 other member states for secondary school, junior college, and university education. It covers accommodation, food, medical benefits and accident insurance, school fees, and examination fees. Its recipients, who perform well on the <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level">GCE Advanced Level</a> Examination, may apply for ASEAN undergraduate scholarships, which are tailored specifically to undergraduate institutions in Singapore and other ASEAN member countries.<a href="#cite_note-279">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[274]</a> 'Australia for ASEAN' scholarships are also offered by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Australian Government</a> to the 'next generation of leaders' from ASEAN member states. By undertaking a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a>, recipients are to develop the skills and knowledge to drive change, help build links with Australia, and also participate in the Indo-Pacific Emerging Leaders Program to help develop the ASEAN Outlook for the Indo-Pacific. Each ASEAN member state is able to receive ten 'Australia for ASEAN' scholarships.<a href="#cite_note-281">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> The organization hosts cultural activities in an attempt to further integrate the region. These include sports and educational activities as well as writing awards. Examples of these include the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Centre_for_Biodiversity" title="ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity">ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Heritage_Parks" title="ASEAN Heritage Parks">ASEAN Heritage Parks</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[276]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Outstanding_Scientist_and_Technologist_Award" title="ASEAN Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award">ASEAN Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award</a>. In addition, the ASEAN region has been recognized as one of the world's most diverse regions ethnically, religiously and linguistically.<a href="#cite_note-283">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> Member states have promoted co-operation in information to help build an ASEAN identity. One of the main bodies in ASEAN co-operation in information is the ASEAN Committee on Culture and Information (COCI). Established in 1978, its mission is to promote effective co-operation in the fields of information, as well as culture, through its various projects and activities. It includes representatives from national institutions like the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministries of Culture and Information, national radio and television networks, museums, archives and libraries, among others. Together, they meet once a year to formulate and agree on projects to fulfil their mission.<a href="#cite_note-285">[279]</a> On 14 November 2014, foreign ministers of member states launched the ASEAN Communication Master Plan (ACPM).<a href="#cite_note-ACMP-286">[280]</a> It provides a framework for communicating the character, structure, and overall vision of ASEAN and the ASEAN community to key audiences within the region and globally.<a href="#cite_note-ACMP-Remarks-287">[281]</a> ASEAN Media Cooperation (AMC) sets digital television standards and policies in preparation for broadcasters to transition from analogue to digital broadcasting. This collaboration was conceptualised during the 11th ASEAN Ministers Responsible for Information (AMRI) Conference in Malaysia on 1 March 2012 where a consensus declared that both new and traditional media were keys to connecting ASEAN peoples and bridging cultural gaps in the region.<a href="#cite_note-288">[282]</a> Several key initiatives under the AMC include:<a href="#cite_note-289">[283]</a> <ul><li>The ASEAN Media Portal<a href="#cite_note-290">[284]</a> was launched 16 November 2007. The portal aims to provide a one-stop site that contains documentaries, games, music videos, and multimedia clips on the culture, arts, and heritage of the ASEAN countries to showcase ASEAN culture and the capabilities of its media industry.</li> <li>The ASEAN NewsMaker Project, an initiative launched in 2009, trains students and teachers to produce informational video clips about their countries. The project was initiated by Singapore. Students trained in NewsMaker software, video production, together with developing narrative storytelling skills. Dr Soeung Rathchavy, Deputy Secretary-General of ASEAN for ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community noted that: "Raising ASEAN awareness amongst the youth is part and parcel of our efforts to build the ASEAN Community by 2015. Using ICT and the media, our youths in the region will get to know ASEAN better, deepening their understanding and appreciation of the cultures, social traditions and values in ASEAN."<a href="#cite_note-291">[285]</a></li> <li>The ASEAN Digital Broadcasting Meeting, is an annual forum for ASEAN members to set digital television (DTV) standards and policies, and to discuss progress in the implementation of the blueprint from analogue to digital TV broadcasting by 2020. During the 11th ASEAN Digital Broadcasting Meeting<a href="#cite_note-292">[286]</a> members updated the status on DTV implementation and agreed to inform ASEAN members on the Guidelines for ASEAN Digital Switchover.<a href="#cite_note-293">[287]</a> An issue was raised around the availability and affordability of <a href="/wiki/Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">set-top boxes</a> (STB), thus ASEAN members were asked to make policies to determine funding for STBs, methods of allocation, subsidies and rebates, and other methods for the allocation of STBs. It was also agreed in the meeting to form a task force to develop STB specifications for <a href="/wiki/DVB-T2" title="DVB-T2">DVB-T2</a> to ensure efficiency.</li> <li>The ASEAN Post was launched on 8 August 2017 to commemorate ASEAN's 50th Anniversary. It is an independent regional digital media company that is headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was founded by former investment banker Rohan Ramakrishnan.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ASEAN_Nations_Flags_in_Jakarta_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/ASEAN_Nations_Flags_in_Jakarta_3.jpg/300px-ASEAN_Nations_Flags_in_Jakarta_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/ASEAN_Nations_Flags_in_Jakarta_3.jpg/450px-ASEAN_Nations_Flags_in_Jakarta_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/ASEAN_Nations_Flags_in_Jakarta_3.jpg/600px-ASEAN_Nations_Flags_in_Jakarta_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="1896" /></a><figcaption>The flags of the ASEAN member states in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_public/state-owned_radio_and_television_networks_of_ASEAN"><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">National public</a>/<a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">state-owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">radio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_station" title="Television station">television networks</a> of ASEAN</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: National public/state-owned radio and television networks of ASEAN">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>: <a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_Brunei" title="Radio Television Brunei">Radio Television Brunei</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Television_of_Cambodia" title="National Television of Cambodia">National Television of Cambodia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>: <a href="/wiki/SEA_Today" title="SEA Today">SEA Today</a>, <a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">Televisi Republik Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">Radio Republik Indonesia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lao_National_Radio" title="Lao National Radio">Lao National Radio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lao_National_Television" title="Lao National Television">Lao National Television</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">Radio Televisyen Malaysia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>: <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Radio_and_Television" title="Myanmar Radio and Television">Myanmar Radio and Television</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>: <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Television_Network" title="People's Television Network">People's Television Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Philippines_Network" title="Radio Philippines Network">Radio Philippines Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation">Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Broadcast_Service" title="Presidential Broadcast Service">Presidential Broadcast Service</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mediacorp" title="Mediacorp">Mediacorp</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>: <a href="/wiki/MCOT" title="MCOT">MCOT</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Services_of_Thailand" title="National Broadcasting Services of Thailand">National Broadcasting Services of Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thai_Public_Broadcasting_Service" title="Thai Public Broadcasting Service">Thai Public Broadcasting Service</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Television" title="Vietnam Television">Vietnam Television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">Voice of Vietnam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> Music plays a significant role in ASEAN affairs, as evidenced by the new music composed for, and to be performed at, the 34th ASEAN Summit in Bangkok in June 2019.<a href="#cite_note-294">[288]</a> Since ASEAN's founding, a number of songs have been written for the regional alliance: <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_ASEAN_Way" title="The ASEAN Way">The ASEAN Way</a>", the official regional <a href="/wiki/Anthem" title="Anthem">anthem</a> of ASEAN. Music by Kittikhun Sodprasert and Sampow Triudom; lyrics by Payom Valaiphatchra.</li> <li>"ASEAN Song of Unity" or "<a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="ASEAN Hymn">ASEAN Hymn</a>". Music by <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Cayabyab" title="Ryan Cayabyab">Ryan Cayabyab</a>.</li> <li>"Let Us Move Ahead", an ASEAN song. Composed by Candra Darusman.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Rise" title="ASEAN Rise">ASEAN Rise</a>", ASEAN's 40th anniversary song. Music by <a href="/wiki/Dick_Lee" title="Dick Lee">Dick Lee</a>; lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Stefanie_Sun" title="Stefanie Sun">Stefanie Sun</a>.</li> <li>"ASEAN Spirit", ASEAN's 50th anniversary song. Composed by Chino Toledo. Lyrics by <a href="/wiki/National_Artist_of_the_Philippines" title="National Artist of the Philippines">National Artist for Literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Alma" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Alma">Rio Alma</a>. Performed by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Bautista" title="Christian Bautista">Christian Bautista</a>; video directed by Joaquin Pedro Valdes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> The main sporting event of ASEAN is the Southeast Asian Games, a biennial meet of athletes from the ten member-states. A non-member state Timor-Leste (also known as East Timor) is now participating the SEA Games. ASEAN has also committed to preserving <a href="/wiki/Traditional_sports_and_games" title="Traditional sports and games">traditional sports and games</a> (TSG) in the region.<a href="#cite_note-295">[289]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Games_events">Games events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Games events">edit</a>]</div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/SEA_Games" title="SEA Games">ASEAN Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_University_Games" title="ASEAN University Games">ASEAN University Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_School_Games" title="ASEAN School Games">ASEAN School Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Para_Games" title="ASEAN Para Games">ASEAN Para Games</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Championships_events">Championships events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Championships events">edit</a>]</div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Championship" title="ASEAN Championship">Southeast Asian Football Championship</a> – Since 1996</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian Basketball Championship">Southeast Asian Basketball Championship</a> – Since 1994</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Cricket_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Cricket Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Cricket Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Handball_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Handball Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Handball Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Floorball_Championships" title="Southeast Asian Floorball Championships">Southeast Asian Floorball Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Hockey_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Hockey Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Hockey Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Baseball_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Baseball Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Baseball Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEA_V.League" title="SEA V.League">Southeast Asian Volleyball Championship</a> – Since 2019</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Sepaktakraw_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Sepaktakraw Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Sepaktakraw Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Footvolley_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Footvolley Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Footvolley Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Youth_Athletics_Championships" title="Southeast Asian Youth Athletics Championships">Southeast Asian Youth Athletics Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Swimming_Championships" title="Southeast Asian Swimming Championships">Southeast Asian Swimming Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Gymnastics_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Gymnastics Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Gymnastics Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Cycling_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Cycling Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Cycling Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Shooting_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Shooting Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Shooting Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Archery_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Archery Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Archery Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Sailing_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Sailing Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Sailing Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Rowing_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Rowing Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Rowing Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Canoeing_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Canoeing Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Canoeing Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Boxing_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Boxing Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Boxing Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Fencing_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Fencing Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Fencing Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Kurash_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Kurash Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Kurash Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Wrestling_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Wrestling Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Wrestling Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Weightlifting_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Weightlifting Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Weightlifting Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Powerlifting_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Powerlifting Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Powerlifting Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Bodybuilding_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Bodybuilding Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Bodybuilding Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Judo_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Judo Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Judo Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Jujitsu_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Jujitsu Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Jujitsu Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Muaythai_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Muaythai Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Muaythai Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Sambo_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Sambo Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Sambo Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Vovinam_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Vovinam Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Vovinam Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Karate_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Karate Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Karate Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Taekwondo_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Taekwondo Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Taekwondo Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Wushu_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Wushu Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Wushu Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Pencak_Silat_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Pencak Silat Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Pencak Silat Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Badminton_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Badminton Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Badminton Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Tennis_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Tennis Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Tennis Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Table_Tennis_Championships&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Table Tennis Championships (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Table Tennis Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Squash_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Squash Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Squash Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Chess_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Chess Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Chess Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Triathlon_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Triathlon Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Triathlon Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Golf_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Golf Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Golf Championship</a> (<a href="/wiki/ASEAN_PGA_Tour" title="ASEAN PGA Tour">ASEAN PGA Tour</a>) – Since 2007</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Esports_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Esports Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Esports Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Bowling_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Bowling Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Bowling Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Cue_Sports_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Cue Sports Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Cue Sports Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Arnis_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Arnis Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Arnis Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Chinlone_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Chinlone Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Chinlone Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Contract_Bridge_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Contract Bridge Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Contract Bridge Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Bowls_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Bowls Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Bowls Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Go_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Go Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Go Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Dragon_Boat_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Dragon Boat Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Dragon Boat Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Obstacle_Racing_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Obstacle Racing Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Obstacle Racing Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Polo_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Polo Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Polo Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Waterskiing_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Waterskiing Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Waterskiing Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Woodball_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Woodball Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Woodball Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Asian_Finswimming_Championship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Asian Finswimming Championship (page does not exist)">Southeast Asian Finswimming Championship</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global_influence_and_reception">Global influence and reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Global influence and reception">edit</a>]</div> ASEAN has been credited by many as among the world's most influential organisations and a global powerhouse.<a href="#cite_note-aseanvisa-296">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-aseanblock-297">[291]</a> The organisation plays a prominent role in regional and international diplomacy, politics, security, economy and trade.<a href="#cite_note-298">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-jstor.org-299">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-aseansummit2-300">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-news.teletrader.com-301">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-siiaonline.org-303">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-ASEAN's_rise_in_the_global_economy-306">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-Canberra-307">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-mea.gov.in-308">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-Conclusion_for_RCEP-309">[303]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">excessive citations</a>] The <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Free Trade Area</a> also stands as one of the largest and most important free trade areas in the world, and together with its network of dialogue partners, drove some of the world's largest multilateral forums and blocs, including <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">APEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">EAS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">RCEP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mea.gov.in-308">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceD-310">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-Canberra-307">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[307]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">excessive citations</a>] Being one of the world's forefront political, economic and security meetings, the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Summit" title="ASEAN Summit">ASEAN Summit</a> serves as a prominent regional (Asia) and international (worldwide) conference, with world leaders attending its related summits and meetings to discuss about various problems and global issues, strengthening cooperation, and making decisions.<a href="#cite_note-aseanroadmap-314">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-manilasummit-315">[309]</a> Critics have charged ASEAN with weakly promoting human rights and democracy, particularly in junta-led Myanmar.<a href="#cite_note-316">[310]</a> Some scholars think that non-interference has hindered ASEAN efforts to handle the Myanmar issue, human rights abuse, and haze pollution in the area. Despite global outrage at the military crack-down on unarmed protesters in Yangon, ASEAN has refused to suspend Myanmar as a member and also rejects proposals for economic sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-317">[311]</a> This has caused concern as the European Union has refused to conduct free trade negotiations at a regional level for these political reasons.<a href="#cite_note-318">[312]</a> During a UN vote against the ethnic cleansing of <a href="/wiki/Rohingya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohingya">Rohingya</a>, most member states voted to either abstain or against the condemnation. Only the Muslim-majority countries Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei voted to condemn the cleansing of Rohingya.<a href="#cite_note-319">[313]</a> Some international observers view ASEAN as a "talk shop",<a href="#cite_note-320">[314]</a> stating that the organisation is: "big on words, but small on action".<a href="#cite_note-321">[315]</a> "ASEAN policies have proven to be mostly rhetoric, rather than actual implementation", according to Pokpong Lawansiri, a Bangkok-based independent analyst of ASEAN. "It has been noted that less than 50% of ASEAN agreements are actually implemented, while ASEAN holds more than six hundred meetings annually".<a href="#cite_note-322">[316]</a> The head of the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Strategic_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="International Institute of Strategic Studies">International Institute of Strategic Studies</a>, Tim Huxley, cites the diverse political systems present in the grouping, including many young states, as a barrier to far-reaching co-operation beyond economics. He also asserts that, without an external threat to rally against after the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> ended, ASEAN has less successfully restrained its members and resolved such border disputes as those between Myanmar and Thailand or Indonesia and Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-323">[317]</a> During the 12th ASEAN Summit in <a href="/wiki/Metro_Cebu" title="Metro Cebu">Cebu</a>, several activist groups staged <a href="/wiki/Anti-globalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-globalisation">anti-globalisation</a> protests,<a href="#cite_note-324">[318]</a> arguing that the agenda of economic integration would negatively affect industries in the Philippines and would deprive thousands of Filipinos of their jobs.<a href="#cite_note-KMU-325">[319]</a> Corruption remains a widespread issue, as "tea money" remains an important requirement to grease business transactions and to receive public services. Following the release of the <a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a> 2015 by Berlin-based graft watchdog Transparency International on 27 January, its Asia Pacific director, Srirak Plipat, noted that: "if there was one common challenge to unite the Asia-Pacific region, it would be corruption", noting that: "from campaign pledges to media coverage to civil society forums, corruption dominates the discussion. Yet despite all this talk, there's little sign of action."<a href="#cite_note-326">[320]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_integration">Economic integration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Economic integration">edit</a>]</div> The group's integration plan has raised concerns, in particular, the 2015 deadline. Business and economy experts who attended the Lippo-UPH Dialogue in <a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a> cited unresolved issues relating to aviation, agriculture, and human resources.<a href="#cite_note-327">[321]</a> Some panelists, among them, <a href="/wiki/Kishore_Mahbubani" title="Kishore Mahbubani">Kishore Mahbubani</a>, warned against high expectations at the onset. He stated: "Please do not expect a big bang event in 2015 where everything is going to happen overnight when the ASEAN Economic Community comes into being. We've made progress in some areas and unfortunately regressed in some areas."<a href="#cite_note-328">[322]</a> Some panelists enumerated other matters to be dealt with for a successful launch. Among them were the communications issues involving the 600 million citizens living in the region, increasing understanding in business, current visa arrangements, demand for specific skills, banking connections, and economic differences. Former Philippine <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Statistics_Authority" title="Philippine Statistics Authority">National Statistical Coordination Board</a> (NSCB) Secretary General Romulo A. Virola, said in 2012 that the Philippines seems unready to benefit from the integration due to its "wobbly" economic performance compared to other member states. According to Virola, the Philippines continues to lag behind in terms of employment rate, tourism, life expectancy, and cellular subscriptions.<a href="#cite_note-329">[323]</a> Nestor Tan, head of <a href="/wiki/BDO_Unibank" class="mw-redirect" title="BDO Unibank">BDO Unibank Inc.</a>, said that while some businesses see the Asian Economic Blueprint (AEC) as an opportunity, the integration would be more of a threat to local firms. Tan added that protecting the Philippines' agricultural and financial services sectors, as well as the labour sector, would be necessary for the implementation of AEC by 2015.<a href="#cite_note-PhilStar-330">[324]</a> <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a> also believed that banks in the Philippines are not yet prepared for the tougher competition that would result from the integration. In one of its latest publications, S&P said banks in the country, although profitable and stable, operate on a much smaller scale than their counterparts in the region.<a href="#cite_note-PhilStar-330">[324]</a> The <a href="/wiki/US_Chamber_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="US Chamber of Commerce">US Chamber of Commerce</a> has highlighted widespread concern that the much-anticipated AEC could not be launched by the 2015 deadline.<a href="#cite_note-AmCham-331">[325]</a> In January 2014, former ASEAN Secretary-General Rodolfo C. Severino, wrote: "while ASEAN should not be condemned for its members' failure to make good on their commitments, any failure to deliver will likely lead to a loss of credibility and could mean that member states fall further behind in the global competition for export markets and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> (FDI)".<a href="#cite_note-EAF-20140131-332">[326]</a> In 2012, the commencement of the AEC was postponed to 31 December 2015 from the original plan of 1 January. Despite Secretary-General Surin Pitsuwan's firm reassurance that "[t]here will be no more delays and that all ten ASEAN countries will participate", even the most fervent proponents of AEC worried that AEC would not be delivered on time as December 2015 neared.<a href="#cite_note-Xianbai-138">[133]</a> An article published by <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam News">Vietnam News</a> echoed some of the challenges and opportunities that Vietnam faces in preparation for the AEC. The article said that the deputy head of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Trade_(Vietnam)" title="Ministry of Industry and Trade (Vietnam)">Ministry of Industry and Trade</a>, Tran Thanh Hai, was concerned about local enterprises' lack of knowledge of the AEC. It was said that 80% of local enterprises surveyed acknowledged that they have little information about the interests and challenges available for them in the ASEAN market. The article also noted that the general secretary of the Vietnam Steel Association, Chu Duc Khai, said that most of the local steel making enterprises lack information about doing business in the ASEAN market; they have not had a chance to study it, and have only exported small amounts of steel to ASEAN countries.<a href="#cite_note-Movetoasia-333">[327]</a> Another challenge is the need to compete with other countries in the ASEAN market to export raw products since the country had mainly exported raw products.<a href="#cite_note-334">[328]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a> also has doubts about Cambodia's ability to meet the AEC deadline. The leading economist of ADB, Jayant Menon, said that Cambodia needs to speed up its customs reform and to press ahead with automating processes to reduce trade costs and minimise the opportunities for corruption and be ready for the implementation of its National Single Window by 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Maierbrugger-335">[329]</a> Despite an ASEAN Economic Community goal of significant economic integration as laid out in the AEC Blueprint 2025, ASEAN continues to face challenges towards integration.<a href="#cite_note-336">[330]</a> A report published by the Asian Trade Centre in 2019 identified multiple sectors that face challenges towards integration due to non-tariff barriers that still exist in the region. The report stated that the goals of the AEC 2025 would not be accomplished if ASEAN fails to address the issues of non-tariff measures and eliminate non-tariff barriers in the region.<a href="#cite_note-337">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[332]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Security">edit</a>]</div> ASEAN is recognized by its members to be one of the main forums to discuss security issues; based on the principles in its <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Charter" title="ASEAN Charter">charter</a>, its main aim is to provide an environment of common understanding and cooperation between the member states to "respond effectively to all forms of threats, transitional crimes and transboundary challenges".<a href="#cite_note-339">[333]</a> Accordingly, ASEAN has embraced the idea of cooperative security<a href="#cite_note-340">[334]</a> which means that ASEAN's approach to security issues is through confidence-building measures and transparency for reducing the tension and conflict between its members. Security policies and plans are concerted by the ASEAN Political-Security Community to envision "a concert of Southeast Asian nations, outward looking, living in peace, stability and prosperity, bonded together in partnership in dynamic development and in a community of caring societies."<a href="#cite_note-341">[335]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piracy">Piracy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Piracy">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Strait_of_Malacca" title="Piracy in the Strait of Malacca">Piracy in the strait of Malacca</a> and in the Sulu and Celebes Sea is one of the main non-traditional security threats for the region, it has challenged the capacity of its members to ensure coordination of effective policy actions to reduce this phenomenon. As highlighted by the <a href="/wiki/ReCAAP" class="mw-redirect" title="ReCAAP">ReCAAP</a> report of 2020: "The increase of incidents (in Asia) during January–June 2020 occurred in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, South China Sea and Singapore Strait."<a href="#cite_note-342">[336]</a> The increment of incidents during 2020, have raised alerts in the region as the phenomenon of piracy could be fostered by the social consequences of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, in their Fourteenth Asean Ministerial Meeting On Transnational Crime<a href="#cite_note-343">[337]</a> the ministers agreed that ASEAN should embrace a greater commitment to strengthen the measures in combating transnational crime in the context of the pandemic. Despite this statement, ASEAN has not updated their plans for combating piracy, although member states created and enforced the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritime_Security_Plan_of_Action_2018-2020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritime Security Plan of Action 2018-2020 (page does not exist)">Maritime Security Plan of Action 2018-2020</a>, to address the national legal enforcement capacities and creating a common protocol of action to counter piracy allowing the region to cooperate for ensuring the security of the Pacific Ocean, new discussions and agendas for new measures has not been enforced yet. Accordingly, this plan reinforces the necessity to secure the seas due to the importance of this region geographical and economically, its strategic position as the main link between the Indian and the Pacific Ocean and the region serving as the main passage that connects middle east economies and India with China, Japan, South Korea and Australia. This plan is mainly focused in three priorities:<a href="#cite_note-344">[338]</a> <ol><li>Shared Awareness and exchange of best practices.</li> <li>Confidence building measures based on international and regional legal frameworks, arrangements and cooperation.</li> <li>Capacity building and enhancing cooperation of maritime law enforcement agencies in the region.</li></ol> In this sense, spread all over the countries of Southeast Asia, criminal organizations with complex structures pose a challenge to ASEAN's coordination capacity to solve the problem despite the plans created within its institutional framework. Although some measures have been implemented by ASEAN,<a href="#cite_note-:0-345">[339]</a> still the complexity of the problem requires deep solutions of cooperation that might alter the balance of its framework. The maritime security plans for the region are based on the ASEAN idea of political-security community; the two main objectives of the APSC are: "to accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development by promoting an identity of equality and partnership as the main foundations of peace and prosperity".<a href="#cite_note-:0-345">[339]</a> Additionally, the APSC promotes "regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter".<a href="#cite_note-346">[340]</a>   Nonetheless, the institutional framework and decision-making procedures in ASEAN make difficult to reach agreements on piracy. ASEAN has struggled to deliver a coordinated response to solve this problem in the region mainly by two reasons: the first one, could be related to the focalized nature of the problem in subregions rather than the whole region. Consequently, this focalization generates that the discussions in the main forums (The ASEAN maritime forum (AMF) and Maritime Security Expert Working Group (MSEWG)) have not resulted in actual measures that tackle piracy and involve all member states as major consensus should be reached to enforce them. One example of this, is the possibility discussed by the 10 ASEAN member states to create a joint ASEAN navy in 2015 to carry on operations in one of the piracy hotspots in the region,<a href="#cite_note-347">[341]</a> the strait of Malacca, this proposal ended up being enforced by bilateral/sub-regional efforts rather than in the ASEAN framework (see <a href="/wiki/ReCAAP" class="mw-redirect" title="ReCAAP">ReCAAP</a> for further information).<a href="#cite_note-348">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[344]</a>  The second one, consensus on non-traditional security issues has been difficult to reach due to contradictory interest between member states, particularly in joint operations between navies and the reach of these joint operations. These issues are generated mainly by unresolved territorial disputes, specially in the maritime domain, at some extent they pose a challenge to ASEAN members in their capacity to cooperate in regards to the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_security" title="Maritime security">maritime security</a> approach.<a href="#cite_note-:1-351">[345]</a> Consequently, a greater multilateral cooperation has been pushed by the members to solve the piracy challenges on economy, trading and security. Members of the ASEAN, have addressed the necessity for the regional organization to make some concessions and rearrangements to respond to the challenges that non-traditional security (specifically piracy) issues posse to the security of the ASEAN members. Despite the efforts and plans made by the ASEAN, this organization is expected to overcome the image of being regarded solely as a forum to discuss security issues. Two possible solutions has been proposed by some member states for this purpose: 1. Promoting relationships with other major actors regionally to overcome the short-time challenges and 2. Rearrange the institutional framework to "avoid contention and seek cooperation to maximize the aggregate ability in order to benefit from making the sea fulfil its economic, security and other goals".<a href="#cite_note-:1-351">[345]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_Security_Framework">Future Security Framework</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Future Security Framework">edit</a>]</div> In addition to piracy, there are several significant issues facing ASEAN today, including human rights violations, repression, and democratic backsliding. Across the region, various political leaders are known human rights abusers, however there is no proper accountability process, and often human rights violations are sidelined by economic or political interests.<a href="#cite_note-352">[346]</a> Myanmar is in the midst of a devastating civil war, during which the military government that was installed following a coup d’état, has carried out horrendous human rights violations against the Rohingya population.<a href="#cite_note-353">[347]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Smart_Cities_Network" title="ASEAN Smart Cities Network">ASEAN Smart Cities Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Commission_on_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Women" title="ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women">ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Common_Time" title="ASEAN Common Time">ASEAN Common Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN-India_Car_Rally_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="ASEAN-India Car Rally 2012">ASEAN-India Car Rally 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Sculpture_Garden" title="ASEAN Sculpture Garden">ASEAN Sculpture Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Monetary_Unit" title="Asian Monetary Unit">Asian Monetary Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Forum" title="Asia Pacific Forum">Asia Pacific Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Motor_Insurance_Card_System#Blue_card_system" title="International Motor Insurance Card System">Blue card system</a> – ASEAN motor insurance scheme</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_for_East_Asia" title="Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia">Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ASEAN countries by GDP (nominal)">List of ASEAN countries by GDP (nominal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_groupings" title="List of country groupings">List of country groupings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_the_ASEAN" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the largest trading partners of the ASEAN">List of the largest trading partners of the ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multilateral_free-trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of multilateral free-trade agreements">List of multilateral free-trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong-Ganga_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekong-Ganga Cooperation">Mekong-Ganga Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation">Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Power_Grid" title="ASEAN Power Grid">ASEAN Power Grid</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-address-7"><a href="#cite_ref-address_7-0">^</a> Address: Jalan Sisingamangaraja No.70A, <a href="/wiki/Kebayoran_Baru" title="Kebayoran Baru">Kebayoran Baru</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Jakarta" title="South Jakarta">South Jakarta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-354">[348]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-pluriM-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pluriM_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pluriM_9-1">b</a> "Malay" here refers to the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malay" title="Malaysian Malay">Malaysian-Singaporean variety</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pluricentric_language" title="Pluricentric language">pluricentric</a> <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> language in <a href="/wiki/Language_secessionism" title="Language secessionism">opposition</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">"Indonesian" variety</a>, even though Indonesian itself qualifies linguistically as another standardized variety of Malay.<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Calculated as a mean latest estimate from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UNDP</a> data of member states. See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_HDI" title="List of ASEAN countries by HDI">List of ASEAN countries by HDI</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>: အရှေ့တောင်အာရှနိုင်ငံများအသင်း <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>: Samahan ng mga Bansa sa Timog Silangang Asya <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: Perhimpunan Bangsa-bangsa Asia Tenggara <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: សមាគមប្រជាជាតិអាស៊ីអាគ្នេយ៍ <a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: ສະມາຄົມປະຊາຊາດແຫ່ງອາຊີຕະເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້ <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: Persatuan Negara-negara Asia Tenggara <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 亚细安组织、东南亚国家联盟、東南亞國家協會 <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: தென்கிழக்காசிய நாடுகளின் கூட்டமைப்பு <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: สมาคมประชาชาติแห่งเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: Hiệp hội các quốc gia Đông Nam Á </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈæsiæn/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">ASS-ee-ən</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɑːsiɑːn, ˈɑːzi-/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">AH-see-ahn, AH-zee-ahn</a><a href="#cite_note-Pronounce-15">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[13]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn1-144"><a href="#cite_ref-fn1_144-0">^</a> ASEAN Financial Integration: The Long Road to Bank Consolidation and The Philippines' Banking System: The Good, the Bad and the Ambivalent. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free 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London: Routledge. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46504-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46504-5"><bdi>978-0-415-46504-5</bdi></a>. <q>Despite the previously discussed potential limitations of the ASEAN way and its preference for voluntarism and consensus, it was felt that this form of multilateralism had more chance of success than some of its institutional predecessors like SEATO, which was unable to demonstrate "either a viable political purpose or a military function."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Institutions+of+the+Asia+Pacific%3A+ASEAN%2C+APEC%2C+and+beyond&rft.place=London&rft.series=Global+institutions+series&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-46504-5&rft.aulast=Beeson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAranal-SerenoSantiago1997" class="citation book cs1">Aranal-Sereno, Maria Lourdes; Santiago, Joseph Sedfrey, eds. (1997). The ASEAN: Thirty years and beyond. Quezon City. pp. 271, 460. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-15-0360-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-15-0360-4"><bdi>978-971-15-0360-4</bdi></a>. <q>Regional cooperation flourished when the smaller countries took the leadership in developing such organizations as ASEAN ... As the US forces moved on to strategic weakness and disengagement, heightened insecurity caught up with Southeast Asian countries and, ironically, gave ASEAN a sense of being.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ASEAN%3A+Thirty+years+and+beyond&rft.place=Quezon+City&rft.pages=271%2C+460&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-971-15-0360-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Moon, C. (2014). ASEAN. Encyclopædia Britannica </li> <li id="cite_note-NWFZ-39"><a href="#cite_ref-NWFZ_39-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disarmament.un.org/TreatyStatus.nsf/Bangkok%20Treaty%20(in%20alphabetical%20order)?OpenView">Bangkok Treaty (in alphabetical order) At UNODA</a> United Nations. Retrieved 4 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728143121/http://disarmament.un.org/TreatyStatus.nsf/Bangkok%20Treaty%20%28in%20alphabetical%20order%29?OpenView">Archived</a> 28 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2700.htm">"Background Note:Brunei Darussalam/Profile:/Foreign Relations"</a>. US State Department. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604183451/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2700.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+Note%3ABrunei+Darussalam%2FProfile%3A%2FForeign+Relations&rft.pub=US+State+Department&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F2700.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511153326/http://www.asean.org/10098.htm">"Vietnam in ASEAN: Toward Cooperation for Mutual Benefits"</a>. ASEAN Secretariat. 2007. 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Retrieved 25 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Singapore&rft.atitle=TODAY+Online+%E2%80%93+Countries+must+work+together+to+deal+with+shared+problems%3A+PM+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.sg%2Fnews%2Fcontent%2Ftoday-online-countries-must-work-together-to-deal-with-shared-problems-pm-lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150617102112/http://www.asean.org/component/zoo/item/about-asean-overview-cebu-declaration-on-the-acceleration-of-the-establishment-of-an-asean-community-by-2015?Itemid=185">"Cebu declaration on the acceleration of the establishment of an ASEAN Community by 2015"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asean.org/component/zoo/item/about-asean-overview-cebu-declaration-on-the-acceleration-of-the-establishment-of-an-asean-community-by-2015?Itemid=185">the original</a> on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cebu+declaration+on+the+acceleration+of+the+establishment+of+an+ASEAN+Community+by+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asean.org%2Fcomponent%2Fzoo%2Fitem%2Fabout-asean-overview-cebu-declaration-on-the-acceleration-of-the-establishment-of-an-asean-community-by-2015%3FItemid%3D185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Primer-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Primer_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Primer_121-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfa.gov.ph/images/PDF/AEC%20Primer_Ebook2.pdf">Understanding the ASEAN Economic Community; A Primer</a> (PDF) (1st ed.). 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Cambridge Review of International Affairs. 22 (3): 427–449. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09557570903104057">10.1080/09557570903104057</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0955-7571">0955-7571</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144870373">144870373</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Review+of+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+ASEAN+Regional+Forum%3A+from+dialogue+to+practical+security+cooperation%3F&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=427-449&rft.date=2009-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144870373%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0955-7571&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09557570903104057&rft.aulast=Haacke&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F09557570903104057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-351">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_351-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_351-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew2017" class="citation journal cs1">Andrew, Ivan Mario (2017). "Developing Defence Cooperation in Maintaining ASEAN's Resilience in Managing Conflict and Unconventional Threat". The Journal of Defence and Security. 8: 14–27 – via ProQuest Central.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Defence+and+Security&rft.atitle=Developing+Defence+Cooperation+in+Maintaining+ASEAN%27s+Resilience+in+Managing+Conflict+and+Unconventional+Threat&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=14-27&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Andrew&rft.aufirst=Ivan+Mario&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson2024" class="citation news cs1">Pearson, Elaine (4 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/03/05/human-rights-asean-woefully-inadequate-and-impotent">""On Human Rights, ASEAN Is Woefully Inadequate and Impotent""</a>. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=%22On+Human+Rights%2C+ASEAN+Is+Woefully+Inadequate+and+Impotent%22&rft.date=2024-03-04&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2024%2F03%2F05%2Fhuman-rights-asean-woefully-inadequate-and-impotent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurlantzick2022" class="citation news cs1">Kurlantzick, Joshua (29 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/blog/aseans-complete-failure-myanmar-short-overview">""ASEAN's Complete Failure on Myanmar: A Short Overview""</a>. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 28 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.atitle=%22ASEAN%27s+Complete+Failure+on+Myanmar%3A+A+Short+Overview%22&rft.date=2022-08-29&rft.aulast=Kurlantzick&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fblog%2Faseans-complete-failure-myanmar-short-overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asean.org/asean/asean-centres-facilities">"ASEAN Centres & Facilities"</a>. ASEAN. Association of Southeast Asian Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906100841/http://www.asean.org/asean/asean-centres-facilities">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ASEAN&rft.atitle=ASEAN+Centres+%26+Facilities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asean.org%2Fasean%2Fasean-centres-facilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about ASEAN <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=ASEAN">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=ASEAN&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsian_Development_Bank_Institute2016" class="citation book cs1">Asian Development Bank Institute (8 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dF0JDAAAQBAJ">ASEAN 2030: Toward a Borderless Economic Community</a>. Brookings Institution Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9784899740520" title="Special:BookSources/9784899740520"><bdi>9784899740520</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ASEAN+2030%3A+Toward+a+Borderless+Economic+Community&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&rft.date=2016-03-08&rft.isbn=9784899740520&rft.au=Asian+Development+Bank+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdF0JDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Taiwan ASEAN Studies Center; ASEAN Outlook Magazine; May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oilseedcrops.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ASEAN-Outlook-Magazine-June-2013-David-DuByne-Myanmars-Overlooked-Industry-Opportunities-and-Investment-Climate-.pdf">Myanmar's Overlooked Industry Opportunities and Investment Climate</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130828224807/http://www.oilseedcrops.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ASEAN-Outlook-Magazine-June-2013-David-DuByne-Myanmars-Overlooked-Industry-Opportunities-and-Investment-Climate-.pdf">Archived</a> 28 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by David DuByne</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904103519/http://www.asean.org/images/2013/resources/publication/2013_ACIF_2012%20Mar.pdf">ASEAN Community in Figures (ACIF) 2012</a> (PDF), Jakarta: Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 2012, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-602-7643-22-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-602-7643-22-2"><bdi>978-602-7643-22-2</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asean.org/images/2013/resources/publication/2013_ACIF_2012%20Mar.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 September 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ASEAN+Community+in+Figures+%28ACIF%29+2012&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Association+of+Southeast+Asian+Nations&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-602-7643-22-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asean.org%2Fimages%2F2013%2Fresources%2Fpublication%2F2013_ACIF_2012%2520Mar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Amitav_Acharya" title="Amitav Acharya">Acharya, Amitav</a> (2009), Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the problem of regional order (2nd ed.), Abingdon, Oxfordshire/New York: Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-41428-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-41428-9"><bdi>978-0-415-41428-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constructing+a+Security+Community+in+Southeast+Asia%3A+ASEAN+and+the+problem+of+regional+order&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxfordshire%2FNew+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-41428-9&rft.aulast=Acharya&rft.aufirst=Amitav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Collins, Allan (2013), Building a People-oriented Security Community the ASEAN Way, Abingdon, Oxfordshire/New York: Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46052-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46052-1"><bdi>978-0-415-46052-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+a+People-oriented+Security+Community+the+ASEAN+Way&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxfordshire%2FNew+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-46052-1&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Fry, Gerald W. (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/associationofsou0000fryg">The Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a>, New York: Chelsea House, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-9609-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-9609-3"><bdi>978-0-7910-9609-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Association+of+Southeast+Asian+Nations&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Chelsea+House&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7910-9609-3&rft.aulast=Fry&rft.aufirst=Gerald+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fassociationofsou0000fryg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Lee, Yoong, ed. (2011), ASEAN Matters! Reflecting on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-4335-06-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-4335-06-5"><bdi>978-981-4335-06-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ASEAN+Matters%21+Reflecting+on+the+Association+of+Southeast+Asian+Nations&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=World+Scientific+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-981-4335-06-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Haacke, Jürgen; Morada, Noel M., eds. (2010), Cooperative Security in the Asia-Pacific: The ASEAN Regional Forum, Abingdon, Oxfordshire/New York: Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46052-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46052-1"><bdi>978-0-415-46052-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cooperative+Security+in+the+Asia-Pacific%3A+The+ASEAN+Regional+Forum&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxfordshire%2FNew+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-415-46052-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Seah, Daniel (2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9709226&fileId=S2044251315000016">Problems Concerning the International Law-Making Practice of ASEAN</a> Asian Journal of International Law (Cambridge University Press)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Severino, Rodolfo (2008), ASEAN, Singapore: ISEAS Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-230-750-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-230-750-7"><bdi>978-981-230-750-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ASEAN&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=ISEAS+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-981-230-750-7&rft.aulast=Severino&rft.aufirst=Rodolfo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AASEAN" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Amador III J, Teodoro J. (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/world/specials/southeast-asia/asean-journey/47239-asean-community-2015-overview">A united region: The ASEAN Community 2015</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASEAN&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a>.</div></div> </div> Organisations <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asean.org/">ASEAN Secretariat</a>, retrieved 13 March 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aseanregionalforum.org/">ASEAN Regional Forum</a>, retrieved 13 March 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/4114415.stm">BBC Country Profile/ASEAN</a>, retrieved 13 March 2007.</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Summit" title="ASEAN Summit">ASEAN Summits</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021175031/http://www.asean.org/news/item/24th-asean-summit">24th ASEAN Summit</a> (archived 21 October 2014)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021174933/http://www.asean.org/asean/asean-structure/item/twentythird-asean-summit-bandar-seri-begawan-brunei-darussalam-9-10-october-2013">23rd ASEAN Summit</a> (archived 21 October 2014)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.14thaseansummit.org">14th ASEAN Summit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014001035/http://www.13thaseansummit.org.sg/">13th ASEAN Summit</a> official site. Retrieved 16 September 2007 (archived 14 October 2007)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.12thaseansummit.org.ph">12th ASEAN Summit</a>, retrieved 13 March 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180621052502/http://11thaseansummit.org.my/">11th ASEAN Summit (official site)</a> 12–14 December 2005 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Retrieved 13 March 2007 (archived 21 June 2018)</li></ul> ASEAN organisations <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asean.org/">ASEAN's official directory of ASEAN organisations</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090807003731/http://www.act.or.th/asean_architect/index.html">ASEAN Architect</a> (archived 7 August 2009)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aseanlawassociation.org/">ASEAN Law Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130127084240/http://www.aseanports.com/">ASEAN Ports Association</a> (archived 27 January 2013)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.us-asean.org/">US-ASEAN Business Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asean-cn.org/">ASEAN-China Free Trade Area</a></li></ul> ASEAN related websites <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asean.org/communities/asean-economic-community">ASEAN Economic Community</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/eap/regional/asean/">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN); U.S. State Department</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aseanstory.com/">ASEAN Story</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Template:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Template talk:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Charter" title="ASEAN Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area#The_Common_Effective_Preferential_Tariff_(CEPT)_scheme" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">Customs union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">Founding document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisations_associated_with_the_ASEAN" title="Organisations associated with the ASEAN">Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary General of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amity_and_Cooperation_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia">Treaty of Amity and Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_ASEAN_members" title="Visa policy of ASEAN members">Visa policies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_ASEAN_Way" title="The ASEAN Way">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Song_of_Unity" title="ASEAN Song of Unity">Hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_ASEAN" title="Enlargement of ASEAN">Observers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_East_Timor_to_ASEAN" title="Accession of East Timor to ASEAN">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Papua_New_Guinea_to_ASEAN" title="Accession of Papua New Guinea to ASEAN">status</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Summit" title="ASEAN Summit">ASEAN Summit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_ASEAN_Summits" title="2017 ASEAN Summits">2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93Republic_of_Korea_Commemorative_Summit" title="ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit">ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93India_Commemorative_Summit" title="ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit">ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area#ASEAN_Plus_Three" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Plus Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Regional_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="ASEAN Regional Forum">ASEAN Regional Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Europe_Meeting" title="Asia–Europe Meeting">Asia–Europe Meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian Games">SEA Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_University_Games" title="ASEAN University Games">University Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_School_Games" title="ASEAN School Games">School Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Para_Games" title="ASEAN Para Games">Para Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Football_Federation" title="ASEAN Football Federation">Football Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFF_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="AFF Championship">Football Championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Armies_Rifle_Meet" title="ASEAN Armies Rifle Meet">Armies Rifle Meet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Monetary_Unit" title="Asian Monetary Unit">Asian Monetary Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai_Initiative" title="Chiang Mai Initiative">Chiang Mai Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_for_East_Asia" title="Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia">Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93China_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN–China Free Trade Area">ASEAN–China Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93India_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN–India Free Trade Area">ASEAN–India Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93Australia_Development_Cooperation_Program" title="ASEAN–Australia Development Cooperation Program">ASEAN–Australia Development Cooperation Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Centre_for_Biodiversity" title="ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity">Centre for Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Asean_Regional_Forum_Disaster_Relief_Exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="The Asean Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise">Disaster Relief Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Smart_Cities_Network" title="ASEAN Smart Cities Network">Smart Cities Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Intergovernmental_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights">Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Human_Rights_Declaration" title="ASEAN Human Rights Declaration">ASEAN Human Rights Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Commission_on_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Women" title="ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women">Rights of Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Common_Time" title="ASEAN Common Time">Common Time</a></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Rise" title="ASEAN Rise">ASEAN Rise</a>'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="ASEAN–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Outstanding_Scientist_and_Technologist_Award" title="ASEAN Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award">Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award</a></li> <li>Lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Southeast_Asia" title="List of the busiest airports in Southeast Asia">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_banks_in_ASEAN" title="List of largest banks in ASEAN">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_ASEAN_by_population" title="List of cities in ASEAN by population">Cities by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN countries by GDP">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_HDI" title="List of ASEAN countries by HDI">HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_and_subdivisions_by_minimum_wage" title="List of ASEAN countries and subdivisions by minimum wage">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Southeast_Asian_mountains" title="List of Southeast Asian mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_reviewed_places_in_ASEAN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Top reviewed places in ASEAN (page does not exist)">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_medal_count_at_International_Science_Olympiad" title="List of ASEAN countries by medal count at International Science Olympiad">Science Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_stock_exchanges_by_market_capitalization" title="List of ASEAN stock exchanges by market capitalization">Stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_country_subdivisions_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN country subdivisions by GDP">Subdivisions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_ASEAN" title="Rankings of universities in ASEAN">Universities</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_world_and_culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_world" title="Template:Eastern world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_world" title="Template talk:Eastern world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_world_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_world" title="Eastern world">Eastern world</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_culture" title="Eastern culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization" title="Cradle of civilization">Cradle of civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinic world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Indic world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Islamdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical history (Middle Ages)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern period">Modern period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I">Asian and Pacific Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interwar period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Middle Eastern Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Post–Cold War era">Post–Cold War era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_culture" title="Eastern culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Hanzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Asia">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_art" title="History of Asian art">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_esotericism" title="Eastern esotericism">Esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folklore" title="Chinese folklore">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_folklore" title="Japanese folklore">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_folklore" title="Korean folklore">Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_literature" title="Asian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Asia" title="Music of Asia">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">Chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_folk_music_traditions" title="List of Asian folk music traditions">Folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_philosophy" title="Eastern philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_philosophy" title="Eastern philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">Chinese philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_philosophy" title="Japanese philosophy">Japanese philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_philosophy" title="Korean philosophy">Korean philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_philosophy" title="Vietnamese philosophy">Vietnamese philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Indian philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_philosophy" title="Iranian philosophy">Iranian philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Buddhist ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Islamic ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy" title="Buddhist philosophy">Buddhist philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_philosophy" title="Jain philosophy">Jain philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Islamic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collectivism">Collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_values" title="Asian values">Values</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_values" title="Japanese values">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_values" title="Filipino values">Philippine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Dharmic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist culture">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern,_Eastern_and_Northern_Buddhism" title="Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism">Southern/Eastern/Northern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">Taoic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Shenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Muism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Churches</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azali_B%C3%A1bism" class="mw-redirect" title="Azali Bábism">Azali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary integration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">APEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Customs_Union" title="Arab Customs Union">Arab Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Asia_and_the_Pacific_Small_Island_Developing_States" title="Group of Asia and the Pacific Small Island Developing States">Asia and the Pacific Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Council" title="Asia Council">Asia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia_Regional_Economic_Cooperation_Program" title="Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program">CAREC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_Union" title="Central Asian Union">CAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">CSTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">CPTPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easternization" class="mw-redirect" title="Easternization">Easternization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">EAEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Union_of_the_Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union">EAEU Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">ECO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">GCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">OTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">RCEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">SCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Cooperation_Secretariat" title="Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat">TCS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regional_organizations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regional_organizations" title="Template:Regional organizations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regional_organizations" title="Template talk:Regional organizations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regional_organizations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regional organizations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regional_organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Regional organizations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Cooperation_Treaty_Organization" title="Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization">Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Council" title="Asia Council">Asia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Europe_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Europe Foundation">Asia-Europe Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_European_Regions" title="Assembly of European Regions">Assembly of European Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALBA" title="ALBA">Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Nine" title="Bucharest Nine">Bucharest Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Central European Free Trade Agreement">Central European Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Initiative" title="Central European Initiative">Central European Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_for_Democracy_and_Rights_of_Nations" title="Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations">Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Democratic_Choice" title="Community of Democratic Choice">Community of Democratic Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Baltic_Sea_States" title="Council of the Baltic Sea States">Council of the Baltic Sea States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiova_Group" title="Craiova Group">Craiova Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Community of West African States">Economic Community of West African States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_the_Progress_and_Integration_of_South_America" title="Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America">Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUAM_Organization_for_Democracy_and_Economic_Development" title="GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development">GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim_Association" title="Indian Ocean Rim Association">Indian Ocean Rim Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liptako%E2%80%93Gourma_Authority" title="Liptako–Gourma Authority">Liptako–Gourma Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Integration_Association" title="Latin American Integration Association">Latin American Integration Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Parliament" title="Latin American Parliament">Latin American Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_Triangle" title="Lublin Triangle">Lublin Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Balkan" title="Open Balkan">Open Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneuropean_Union" title="Paneuropean Union">Paneuropean Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAKM" title="TAKM">TAKM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Seas_Initiative" title="Three Seas Initiative">Three Seas Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Cooperation_Secretariat" title="Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat">Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Nordic_Council" title="West Nordic Council">West Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Balkans_Quad" title="Western Balkans Quad">Western Balkans Quad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_integration" title="Regional integration">Regional integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_organizations_by_population" title="List of regional organizations by population">Regional organizations by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(international_relations)" title="Regionalism (international relations)">Regionalism (international relations)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_ASEAN" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_ASEAN" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to ASEAN</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_ASEAN" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_ASEAN_Leaders" title="Template:Current ASEAN Leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_ASEAN_Leaders" title="Template talk:Current ASEAN Leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_ASEAN_Leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current ASEAN Leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_ASEAN" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Summit#ASEAN_Summit" title="ASEAN Summit">Leaders</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ASEAN</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN"><img alt="ASEAN" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg/23px-Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg/35px-Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg/45px-Infobox_ASEAN_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_ASEAN" title="Secretary-General of ASEAN">Secretary General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kao_Kim_Hourn" title="Kao Kim Hourn">Kao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Manet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sonexay_Siphandone" title="Sonexay Siphandone">Sonexay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_Shinawatra" title="Paetongtarn Shinawatra">Paetongtarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Chính</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foreign_ministers_of_ASEAN" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ASEAN_Foreign" title="Template:ASEAN Foreign"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ASEAN_Foreign" title="Template talk:ASEAN Foreign"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ASEAN_Foreign" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ASEAN Foreign"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_ministers_of_ASEAN" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister">Foreign ministers</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ASEAN</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a> / <a href="/wiki/Erywan_Yusof" title="Erywan Yusof">Erywan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prak_Sokhonn" title="Prak Sokhonn">Prak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sugiono" title="Sugiono">Sugiono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saleumxay_Kommasith" title="Saleumxay Kommasith">Kommasith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Hasan_(politician)" title="Mohamad Hasan (politician)">Mohamad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Than_Swe_(diplomat)" title="Than Swe (diplomat)">Than Swe</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Manalo" title="Enrique Manalo">Manalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Balakrishnan" title="Vivian Balakrishnan">Balakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maris_Sangiampongsa" title="Maris Sangiampongsa">Maris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i_Thanh_S%C6%A1n" title="Bùi Thanh Sơn">Sơn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 Than Swe is currently recognized as Myanmar's official Foreign Minister by ASEAN, instead of <a href="/wiki/Ko_Ko_Hlaing" title="Ko Ko Hlaing">Ko Ko Hlaing</a> (despite the latter currently serving as Myanmar's Minister of International Cooperation).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Finance_ministers_of_ASEAN" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ASEAN_Finance" title="Template:ASEAN Finance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ASEAN_Finance" title="Template talk:ASEAN Finance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ASEAN_Finance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ASEAN Finance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Finance_ministers_of_ASEAN" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Finance_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance minister">Finance ministers</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ASEAN</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a> / <a href="/wiki/Amin_Liew_Abdullah" title="Amin Liew Abdullah">Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Aun_Pornmoniroth" title="Aun Pornmoniroth">Aun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Mulyani" title="Sri Mulyani">Sri Mulyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Brunei Armed Forces">Royal Brunei Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Land_Force" title="Royal Brunei Land Force">Royal Brunei Land Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Air_Force" title="Royal Brunei Air Force">Royal Brunei Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Navy" title="Royal Brunei Navy">Royal Brunei Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southeast_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="South-East Asia highlighted in green"><img alt="South-East Asia highlighted in green" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption>South-East Asia highlighted in green</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Cambodian Armed Forces">Royal Cambodian Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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href="/wiki/Indonesian_Marine_Corps" title="Indonesian Marine Corps">Indonesian Marine Corps</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Air_Force" title="Indonesian Air Force">Indonesian Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Armed_Forces" title="Lao People's Armed Forces">Lao People's Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao People's Army">Lao People's Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force">Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Navy" title="Lao People's Navy">Lao People's Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Malaysian Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Army" title="Malaysian Army">Malaysian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Air_Force" title="Royal Malaysian Air Force">Royal Malaysian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Navy" title="Royal Malaysian Navy">Royal Malaysian Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Maritime_Enforcement_Agency" title="Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency">Malaysia Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Tatmadaw" title="Tatmadaw">Myanmar Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Army" title="Myanmar Army">Myanmar Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Air_Force" title="Myanmar Air Force">Myanmar Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Navy" title="Myanmar Navy">Myanmar Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Coast_Guard" title="Myanmar Coast Guard">Myanmar Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Police_Force" title="Myanmar Police Force">Myanmar Police Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Army" title="Philippine Army">Philippine Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Air_Force" title="Philippine Air Force">Philippine Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Navy" title="Philippine Navy">Philippine Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Marine_Corps" title="Philippine Marine Corps">Philippine Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coast_Guard" title="Philippine Coast Guard">Philippine Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forces" title="Singapore Armed Forces">Singapore Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Army" title="Singapore Army">Singapore Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Air_Force" title="Republic of Singapore Air Force">Republic of Singapore Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Singapore_Navy" title="Republic of Singapore Navy">Republic of Singapore Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_and_Intelligence_Service" title="Digital and Intelligence Service">Digital and Intelligence Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Coast_Guard" title="Police Coast Guard">Police Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Royal Thai Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Army" title="Royal Thai Army">Royal Thai Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Air_Force" title="Royal Thai Air Force">Royal Thai Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Navy" title="Royal Thai Navy">Royal Thai Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Marine_Corps" title="Royal Thai Marine Corps">Royal Thai Marine Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">People's Army of Vietnam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam#Main_force" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Vietnam People's Ground Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Vietnam People's Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy" title="Vietnam People's Navy">Vietnam People's Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Coast_Guard" title="Vietnam Coast Guard">Vietnam Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Border_Guard" title="Vietnam Border Guard">Vietnam Border Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states</a> </dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_public/state-owned_radio_and_television_networks_of_ASEAN" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ASEAN_TV" title="Template:ASEAN TV"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ASEAN_TV" title="Template talk:ASEAN TV"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ASEAN_TV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ASEAN TV"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_public/state-owned_radio_and_television_networks_of_ASEAN" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">National public</a>/<a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">state-owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">radio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_station" title="Television station">television networks</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ASEAN</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_Brunei" title="Radio Television Brunei">Radio Television Brunei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayon_Television" title="Bayon Television">Bayon Television</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Television_of_Cambodia" title="National Television of Cambodia">National Television of Cambodia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEA_Today" title="SEA Today">SEA Today</a>, <a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">Televisi Republik Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">Radio Republik Indonesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_National_Radio" title="Lao National Radio">Lao National Radio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lao_National_Television" title="Lao National Television">Lao National Television</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">Radio Televisyen Malaysia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_International" title="Myanmar International">Myanmar International</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_National_TV" title="Myanmar National TV">Myanmar National Television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Radio_and_Television" title="Myanmar Radio and Television">Myanmar Radio and Television</a> (<a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Television_Network" title="People's Television Network">People's Television Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Philippines_Network" title="Radio Philippines Network">Radio Philippines Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation">Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Broadcast_Service" title="Presidential Broadcast Service">Presidential Broadcast Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediacorp" title="Mediacorp">Mediacorp</a>1 (<a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCOT_HD" title="MCOT HD">MCOT HD</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Services_of_Thailand" title="National Broadcasting Services of Thailand">National Broadcasting Services of Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Thailand" title="Radio Thailand">Radio Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thai_Public_Broadcasting_Service" title="Thai Public Broadcasting Service">Thai Public Broadcasting Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Television" title="Ho Chi Minh City Television">Ho Chi Minh City Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Television" title="Vietnam Television">Vietnam Television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Vietnam" title="Voice of Vietnam">Voice of Vietnam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 Members of the <a href="/wiki/Smart_Alliance" title="Smart Alliance">Smart Alliance</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topics" title="Template:Asia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topics" title="Template talk:Asia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Asia-related_articles" title="Index of Asia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asia" title="History of Asia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_trade" title="Indian Ocean trade">Indian Ocean trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_imperialism_in_Asia" title="Western imperialism in Asia">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Asia" title="Decolonisation of Asia">Decolonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_in_Asia" title="Cold War in Asia">Cold War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Asia" title="List of conflicts in Asia">Military conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_date_of_formation#Asia" title="List of sovereign states by date of formation">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Asia" title="Geography of Asia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cities_in_Asia" title="Lists of cities in Asia">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Asia" title="List of metropolitan areas in Asia">metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Asia" title="List of tallest buildings in Asia">tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_agglomerations_in_Asia" title="List of urban agglomerations in Asia">urban agglomerations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Countries and territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_population" title="List of Asian countries by population">by population</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Asia" title="Extreme points of Asia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Asia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes#Asia" title="List of lakes">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#Asia" title="List of mountain ranges">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Asia" title="List of rivers of Asia">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_transcontinental_countries" title="List of transcontinental countries">Transcontinental regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe,_the_Middle_East,_and_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe, the Middle East, and Africa">EMEA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean world">Mediterranean world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MENASA" class="mw-redirect" title="MENASA">MENASA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Middle_East" title="Greater Middle East">Greater Middle East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Mediterranean" title="Indo-Mediterranean">Indo-Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean world">Indian Ocean world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Intracontinental regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia/Asia Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Arabia" title="South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_world" title="Malay world">Malay world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Manchuria" title="Outer Manchuria">Outer Manchuria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_heartland" title="Mongol heartland">Greater Mongolia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Asia" title="Greater Central Asia">Greater Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southeast" title="Global Southeast">Global Southeast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Levant" title="Southern Levant">Southern Levant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkestan" title="Turkestan">Turkestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkestan" title="Afghan Turkestan">Afghan Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Turkestan" title="Chinese Turkestan">Chinese Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Turkestan" title="Russian Turkestan">Russian Turkestan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subregion#Asia" title="Subregion">Continental subregions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Asia" title="Soviet Central Asia">Soviet Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeast Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">Subregions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_geography" title="Cultural geography">Cultural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Indosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">Sinosphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_(region)" title="Nanyang (region)">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_southern_China" title="Northern and southern China">Northern and southern China</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">Supercontinents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Afro-Eurasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asia" title="Afro-Asia">Afro-Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Continent#Subcontinents" title="Continent">Subcontinents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">Plateaus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_plateau" title="Anatolian plateau">Anatolian plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">Peninsulas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Indochinese Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Peninsula" title="Leizhou Peninsula">Leizhou Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">Archipelagos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Archipelago">Japanese Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">Indonesian Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Islands" title="Sunda Islands">Sunda Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sunda_Islands" title="Greater Sunda Islands">Greater Sunda Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">Philippine Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayan Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergui_Archipelago" title="Mergui Archipelago">Mergui Archipelago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">Biogeographic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Asia_(WGSRPD)" title="Eastern Asia (WGSRPD)">Eastern Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Asia" title="Tropical Asia">Tropical Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Asia" title="Politics of Asia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_government_in_Asia" title="Category:Heads of government in Asia">Heads of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_state_in_Asia" title="Category:Heads of state in Asia">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Elections_in_Asia" title="Category:Elections in Asia">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_Asia" title="Category:Political parties in Asia">political parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Asia" title="Democracy in Asia">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Asia" title="Human rights in Asia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_systems_in_Asia" title="Legal systems in Asia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_Asia" title="Category:Military in Asia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Intergovernmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative (BIMSTEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG / GCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong%E2%80%93Ganga_Cooperation" title="Mekong–Ganga Cooperation">Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Asia" title="Economy of Asia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of Asian countries by average wage">Countries by average wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_and_Pacific_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of Asian and Pacific countries by GDP (PPP)">Countries by GDP (PPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Asia_and_Oceania_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in Asia and Oceania by Human Development Index">Countries by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_currencies_in_Asia" title="List of currencies in Asia">Currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Asia" title="Science and technology in Asia">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Asia" title="Renewable energy in Asia">renewable energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Asia" title="Category:Transport in Asia">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Asia" title="List of the busiest airports in Asia">airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed rail in Asia">high-speed rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_East_Asian_and_Hong_Kong_property_markets" title="South East Asian and Hong Kong property markets">Property markets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Asia" title="Demographics of Asia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Asia" title="Education in Asia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Asia" title="Etiquette in Asia">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_in_Asia" title="Category:Health in Asia">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Asian countries by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Asia" title="Ethnic groups in Asia">ethnic groups</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Asia" title="Culture of Asia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_art" title="History of Asian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_literature" title="Asian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Asia" title="Music of Asia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_philosophy" title="Eastern philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Asia" title="Sports in Asia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Century" title="Asian Century">Asian Century</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Century" title="Indian Century">Indian Century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Century" title="Pacific Century">Pacific Century</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Asia" title="Outline of Asia">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Asia-related_articles" title="Index of Asia-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maps_of_present-day_countries_and_dependencies" title="Maps of present-day countries and dependencies">Maps</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regional_organizations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regional_organizations" title="Template:Regional organizations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regional_organizations" title="Template talk:Regional organizations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regional_organizations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regional organizations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regional_organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Regional organizations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Cooperation_Treaty_Organization" title="Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization">Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Council" title="Asia Council">Asia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Europe_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Europe Foundation">Asia-Europe Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_European_Regions" title="Assembly of European Regions">Assembly of European Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALBA" title="ALBA">Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Nine" title="Bucharest Nine">Bucharest Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Central European Free Trade Agreement">Central European Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Initiative" title="Central European Initiative">Central European Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_for_Democracy_and_Rights_of_Nations" title="Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations">Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Democratic_Choice" title="Community of Democratic Choice">Community of Democratic Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Baltic_Sea_States" title="Council of the Baltic Sea States">Council of the Baltic Sea States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiova_Group" title="Craiova Group">Craiova Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Community of West African States">Economic Community of West African States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_the_Progress_and_Integration_of_South_America" title="Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America">Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUAM_Organization_for_Democracy_and_Economic_Development" title="GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development">GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim_Association" title="Indian Ocean Rim Association">Indian Ocean Rim Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liptako%E2%80%93Gourma_Authority" title="Liptako–Gourma Authority">Liptako–Gourma Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Integration_Association" title="Latin American Integration Association">Latin American Integration Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Parliament" title="Latin American Parliament">Latin American Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_Triangle" title="Lublin Triangle">Lublin Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Balkan" title="Open Balkan">Open Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneuropean_Union" title="Paneuropean Union">Paneuropean Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAKM" title="TAKM">TAKM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Seas_Initiative" title="Three Seas Initiative">Three Seas Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Cooperation_Secretariat" title="Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat">Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Nordic_Council" title="West Nordic Council">West Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Balkans_Quad" title="Western Balkans Quad">Western Balkans Quad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_integration" title="Regional integration">Regional integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_organizations_by_population" title="List of regional organizations by population">Regional organizations by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(international_relations)" title="Regionalism (international relations)">Regionalism (international relations)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_trade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_trade" title="Template:International trade"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_trade" title="Template talk:International trade"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_trade" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International trade"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_trade" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">International trade</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_advantage" title="Absolute advantage">Absolute advantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_payments" title="Balance of payments">Balance of payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_trade" title="Balance of trade">Balance of trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_account" title="Capital account">Capital account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_advantage" title="Comparative advantage">Comparative advantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_account_(balance_of_payments)" title="Current account (balance of payments)">Current account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Export-oriented_industrialization" title="Export-oriented industrialization">Export-oriented industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserves" title="Foreign exchange reserves">Foreign exchange reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization" title="Import substitution industrialization">Import substitution industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_capital_outflow" title="Net capital outflow">Net capital outflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">Outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">Tariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_justice" title="Trade justice">Trade justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_war" title="Trade war">Trade war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_nation" title="Trading nation">Trading nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Organizations and policies</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">UN Conference on Trade and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">International Trade Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="International Chamber of Commerce">International Chamber of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilateral_investment_treaty" title="Bilateral investment treaty">Bilateral investment treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_integration" title="Economic integration">Economic integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoterms" title="Incoterms">Incoterms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATA_Carnet" title="ATA Carnet">ATA Carnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">Free-trade zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">Special economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_agreement" title="Trade agreement">Trade agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_barrier" title="Trade barrier">Trade barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_bloc" title="Trade bloc">Trade bloc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Repeal_of_the_Corn_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Repeal of the Corn Laws">Repeal of the Corn Laws</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">Autarky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedollarisation" title="Dedollarisation">Dedollarisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Regional organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean Community of Nations">Andean Community of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia-Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe, Central Asia, and North Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Union_of_Belarus,_Kazakhstan,_and_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia">Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">European Union Customs Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East and North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Customs_Union" title="Arab Customs Union">Arab Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsaharan Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Community_of_Central_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa">Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Economic_and_Monetary_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Economic and Monetary Union">West African Economic and Monetary Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_top_exporting_countries_by_product_category" title="List of top exporting countries by product category">Exports by product</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_aircraft_and_spacecraft_exports" title="List of countries by aircraft and spacecraft exports">Aircraft & Spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_aircraft_component_exports" title="List of countries by aircraft component exports">Aircraft parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_aluminium_exports" title="List of countries by aluminium exports">Aluminium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_automotive_component_exports" title="List of countries by automotive component exports">Car parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal#Major_exporters" title="Coal">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coffee_exports" title="List of countries by coffee exports">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_computer_exports" title="List of countries by computer exports">Computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_copper_exports" title="List of countries by copper exports">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_maize_exports" title="List of countries by maize exports">Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_cotton_exports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by cotton exports">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_diamond_exports" title="List of countries by diamond exports">Diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electricity_exports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by electricity exports">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electronics_exports" title="List of countries by electronics exports">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_engine_exports" title="List of countries by engine exports">Engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_gas_turbine_exports" title="List of countries by gas turbine exports">Gas turbines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_gold_exports" title="List of countries by gold exports">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_integrated_circuit_exports" title="List of countries by integrated circuit exports">Integrated circuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron-ore_exports_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron-ore exports by country">Iron ore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_live_animal_exports" title="List of countries by live animal exports">Live animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_exports" title="List of countries by natural gas exports">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_exports" title="List of countries by oil exports">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_refined_petroleum_exports" title="List of countries by refined petroleum exports">Petrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_pharmaceutical_exports" title="List of countries by pharmaceutical exports">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_photovoltaics_exports" title="List of countries by photovoltaics exports">Photovoltaics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_ship_exports" title="List of countries by ship exports">Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_steel_production#Exports" title="List of countries by steel production">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_telecommunications_equipment_exports" title="List of countries by telecommunications equipment exports">Telecommunications equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_telephone_exports" title="List of countries by telephone exports">Telephones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_textile_exports" title="List of countries by textile exports">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_truck_exports" title="List of countries by truck exports">Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_vehicle_exports" title="List of countries by vehicle exports">Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wheat_exports" title="List of countries by wheat exports">Wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine#Exporting_countries" title="Wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:International_trade" title="Category:International trade">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:International_trade" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:International trade">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation_(SCO)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Template:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Template talk:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation_(SCO)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_SCO_summit" title="2012 SCO summit">Beijing 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_SCO_summit" title="2014 SCO summit">Dushanbe 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_SCO_summit" title="2017 SCO summit">Astana 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_SCO_summit" title="2022 SCO summit">Samarkand 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_SCO_summit" title="2024 SCO summit">Astana 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_SCO_summit_(heads_of_government)" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 SCO summit (heads of government)">Islamabad 2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialogue partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/12px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/19px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /> <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applicants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Evils" title="Three Evils">Three Evils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCO_Interbank_Consortium" title="SCO Interbank Consortium">SCO Interbank Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Land_Bridge" title="Eurasian Land Bridge">Eurasian Land Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_language" title="Working language">Working languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South–South_cooperation_and_Third_Worldism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South%E2%80%93South" title="Template:South–South"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South%E2%80%93South" title="Template talk:South–South"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South%E2%80%93South" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South–South"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South–South_cooperation_and_Third_Worldism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South%E2%80%93South_cooperation" title="South–South cooperation">South–South cooperation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third-Worldism" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-Worldism">Third Worldism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">Global South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landlocked_developing_countries" title="Landlocked developing countries">Landlocked developing countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">Least developed countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavily_indebted_poor_countries" title="Heavily indebted poor countries">Heavily indebted poor countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_market" title="Emerging market">Emerging markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newly_industrialized_country" title="Newly industrialized country">Newly industrialized country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_economy" title="Transition economy">Transition economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Three-world_model" title="Three-world model">Worlds theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World" title="Second World">Second World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World" title="Fourth World">Fourth World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocolonialism" title="Neocolonialism">Neocolonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">Multipolarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Conference_against_Racism" title="World Conference against Racism">World Conference against Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Conference_against_Racism_2001" title="World Conference against Racism 2001">Durban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durban_Review_Conference" title="Durban Review Conference">Durban II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durban_III" title="Durban III">Durban III</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Western_era" title="Post-Western era">Post-Western era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)</a> <a href="/wiki/BASIC_countries" title="BASIC countries">BASIC (BRICS minus Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRIC" title="BRIC">BRIC (BRICS minus South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBSA_Dialogue_Forum" title="IBSA Dialogue Forum">India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debt_of_developing_countries" title="Debt of developing countries">Debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Clearing_Union" title="Asian Clearing Union">Asian Clearing Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Monetary_Fund" title="Arab Monetary Fund">Arab Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">BancoSur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Development_Bank" title="Caribbean Development Bank">Caribbean Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fund_for_Commodities" title="Common Fund for Commodities">Common Fund for Commodities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPEC_Fund_for_International_Development" title="OPEC Fund for International Development">OPEC Fund for International Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_development" title="Trade and development">Trade and development</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_state" title="Developmental state">Developmental state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_geese_paradigm" title="Flying geese paradigm">Flying geese paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure-based_development" title="Infrastructure-based development">Infrastructure-based development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_System_of_Trade_Preferences_among_Developing_Countries" title="Global System of Trade Preferences among Developing Countries">Global System of Trade Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_on_Trade_Negotiations" title="Protocol on Trade Negotiations">Protocol on Trade Negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_International_Economic_Order" title="New International Economic Order">New International Economic Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Information_and_Communication_Order" title="New World Information and Communication Order">New World Information and Communication Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">United Nations Industrial Development Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">Generic drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosimilar" title="Biosimilar">biosimilar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_patent" title="Chemical patent">Pharmaceutical patents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Societal_views_on_patents#Pharmaceutical_patents" class="mw-redirect" title="Societal views on patents">criticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_data_exclusivity" title="Test data exclusivity">Test data exclusivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doha_Declaration_on_the_TRIPS_agreement_and_public_health" title="Doha Declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health">Doha Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Organizations and groups</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Five" title="Group of Five">G-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_15" title="Group of 15">G-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation" title="D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation">D-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20_developing_nations" title="G20 developing nations">G20 developing nations (G-20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_24" title="Group of 24">G-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G33_(developing_countries)" title="G33 (developing countries)">G33 developing countries (G-33)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eleven" title="Group of Eleven">G-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G90" title="G90">G-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_States" title="Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States">African, Caribbean and Pacific Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Afro–Asian Conference</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Plan" title="Colombo Plan">Colombo Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Solar_Alliance" title="International Solar Alliance">International Solar Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Summit" title="North–South Summit">North–South Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Island_Developing_States" title="Small Island Developing States">Small Island Developing States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Centre_(organization)" title="South Centre (organization)">South Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">North–South divide</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandt_Report" title="Brandt Report">Brandt Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_financial_system" title="Global financial system">Global financial system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">Financial regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_digital_divide" title="Global digital divide">Global digital divide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Power_in_international_relations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_power" title="Template:International power"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_power" title="Template talk:International power"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_power" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International power"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Power_in_international_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Power_(international_relations)" title="Power (international relations)">Power in international relations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_power" title="Economic power">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_superpower" title="Energy superpower">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_power" title="Food power">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_power" title="Hard power">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_power" title="Maritime power">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_power" title="National power">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_politics" title="Power politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_power" title="Sharp power">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_power" title="Smart power">Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">Soft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_power" title="Small power">Small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_power" title="Regional power">Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_power" title="Emerging power">Emerging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_of_the_Great_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Least of the Great Powers">Least Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_superpower" title="Potential superpower">Potential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">Super</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pax_Americana" title="Pax Americana">Pax</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Century" title="Asian Century">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Century" title="Indian Century">Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Century" title="Pacific Century">Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_great_powers" title="List of ancient great powers">List of ancient great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_great_powers" title="List of medieval great powers">List of medieval great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_great_powers" title="List of modern great powers">List of modern great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">International relations (1814–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Western_era" title="Post-Western era">Post-Western era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_decline" title="American decline">American decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_balance_of_power" title="European balance of power">European</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemonic_stability_theory" title="Hegemonic stability theory">Hegemonic stability theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Philosophy of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">Polarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">Power projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_transition_theory" title="Power transition theory">Power transition theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Superpower" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Superpower">Second Superpower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Superpower collapse">Superpower collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower_disengagement" class="mw-redirect" title="Superpower disengagement">Superpower disengagement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_Index_of_National_Capability" title="Composite Index of National Capability">Composite Index of National Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_National_Power" title="Comprehensive National Power">Comprehensive National Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Organizations_and_groups_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Organizations and groups</a> by region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States (ACS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System (SICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States (OAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Interaction_and_Confidence-Building_Measures_in_Asia" title="Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia">Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Cooperation_Secretariat" title="Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat">Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat (TCS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe (CoE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community (EPC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union (EU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group (V4)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">North America–Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–Asia–Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Oceania–Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">Australia–New Zealand–United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group (PLG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em;padding:0.35em 1.0em;line-height:1.25em;">Non–regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Speaking_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries">Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E9_(countries)" title="E9 (countries)">E9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eight" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Eight">G8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G8%2B5" title="G8+5">G8+5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_24" title="Group of 24">G24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBSA_Dialogue_Forum" title="IBSA Dialogue Forum">India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_for_Consensus" title="Uniting for Consensus">Uniting for Consensus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations (UN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7768#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7768#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121770221">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406444753">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/145098799">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/116362-0">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80020520">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119894254">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119894254">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573265">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35177729">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20020321266&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX112913">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90118173">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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