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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saigon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Saigon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saigon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ho_Chi_Minh_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ho Chi Minh City</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ho_Chi_Minh_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nguyễn_dynasty_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nguyễn_dynasty_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Nguyễn dynasty rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nguyễn_dynasty_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>French colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_of_Vietnam_and_Republic_of_Vietnam_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_of_Vietnam_and_Republic_of_Vietnam_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>State of Vietnam and Republic of Vietnam era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_of_Vietnam_and_Republic_of_Vietnam_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post–Vietnam_War_and_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post–Vietnam_War_and_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Post–Vietnam War and today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post–Vietnam_War_and_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flooding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flooding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Flooding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flooding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>City government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sectors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urbanisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Urbanisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cityscape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Parks and gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pedestrian_zones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pedestrian_zones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Pedestrian zones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pedestrian_zones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Water transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.1</span> <span>Metro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.2</span> <span>Bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Private transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expressway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expressway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Expressway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expressway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-High_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>High schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_public_high_schools_(non-exhaustive)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_public_high_schools_(non-exhaustive)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.1</span> <span>List of public high schools (non-exhaustive)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_public_high_schools_(non-exhaustive)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_high_schools_offering_Vietnamese_or_dual_foreign-Vietnamese_curricula_(non-exhaustive)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_high_schools_offering_Vietnamese_or_dual_foreign-Vietnamese_curricula_(non-exhaustive)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.2</span> <span>Private high schools offering <i>Vietnamese</i> or dual <i>foreign-Vietnamese</i> curricula <i>(non-exhaustive)</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_high_schools_offering_Vietnamese_or_dual_foreign-Vietnamese_curricula_(non-exhaustive)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_primary_and_secondary_schools_offering_exclusively_foreign_curricula_(non-exhaustive)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_primary_and_secondary_schools_offering_exclusively_foreign_curricula_(non-exhaustive)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.3</span> <span>Private primary and secondary schools offering exclusively foreign curricula<i> (non-exhaustive)</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_primary_and_secondary_schools_offering_exclusively_foreign_curricula_(non-exhaustive)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums_and_art_galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_art_galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Museums and art galleries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_art_galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_and_drink" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_and_drink"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Food and drink</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_and_drink-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooperation_and_friendship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperation_and_friendship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Cooperation and friendship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooperation_and_friendship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ho Chi Minh City</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 229 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-229" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">229 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Kota Ho Chi Minh – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Kota Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh-stad" title="Ho Chi Minh-stad – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ho Chi Minh-stad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt" title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%86_%E1%89%BA_%E1%88%9A%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9B" title="ሆ ቺ ሚን ከተማ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሆ ቺ ሚን ከተማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Burg" title="Ho Chi Minh Burg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ho Chi Minh Burg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87" title="مدينة هو تشي منه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدينة هو تشي منه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudat_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ciudat Ho Chi Minh – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ciudat Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Vela" title="Ho Chi Minh Vela – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ho Chi Minh Vela" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciud%C3%A1_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ciudá Ho Chi Minh – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciudá Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1va_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Táva Ho Chi Minh – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Táva Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Min_marka" title="Ho Chi Min marka – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ho Chi Min marka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C5%9Fimin" title="Hoşimin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hoşimin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="هوشی‌مین (شهر) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هوشی‌مین (شهر)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Kota Ho Chi Minh – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kota Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh-Ville" title="Ho Chi Minh-Ville – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Ho Chi Minh-Ville" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="হো চি মিন সিটি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হো চি মিন সিটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh_Chh%C4%AB" title="Hồ Chí Minh Chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hồ Chí Minh Chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Kota Ho Chi Minh – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kota Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Хашымін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хашымін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Хашымін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хашымін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho-Chi-Minh-Stod" title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stod – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stod" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧོ་ཀྲི་མིན་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧོ་ཀྲི་མིན་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh_(grad)" title="Hồ Chí Minh (grad) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hồ Chí Minh (grad)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AAr_Ho-Chi-Minh" title="Kêr Ho-Chi-Minh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kêr Ho-Chi-Minh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutat_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ciutat Ho Chi Minh – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciutat Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayan_sa_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Dakbayan sa Ho Chi Minh – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayan sa Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_%C4%8Ci_Minovo_M%C4%9Bsto" title="Ho Či Minovo Město – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ho Či Minovo Město" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ciudad Ho Chi Minh – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Ciudad Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guta_reHo_Chi_Minh" title="Guta reHo Chi Minh – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Guta reHo Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinas_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Dinas Ho Chi Minh – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dinas Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh-byen" title="Ho Chi Minh-byen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ho Chi Minh-byen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh_g%C3%A1vpot" title="Hồ Chí Minh gávpot – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Hồ Chí Minh gávpot" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh-Schtadt" title="Ho Chi Minh-Schtadt – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Ho Chi Minh-Schtadt" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt" title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndik%CA%BC%C4%85%C5%82ch%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%ADtah" title="Ndikʼąłchíʼítah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ndikʼąłchíʼítah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_m%C4%9Bsto" title="Ho Chi Minh město – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Ho Chi Minh město" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh_(linn)" title="Hồ Chí Minh (linn) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hồ Chí Minh (linn)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF_%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B9_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%BD_(%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7)" title="Χο Τσι Μιν (πόλη) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χο Τσι Μιν (πόλη)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ciudad Ho Chi Minh – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciudad Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho-%C4%88i-Min-urbo" title="Ho-Ĉi-Min-urbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ho-Ĉi-Min-urbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A1_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ciá Ho Chi Minh – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ciá Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Hiria" title="Ho Chi Minh Hiria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ho Chi Minh Hiria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="هوشی‌مین (شهر) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هوشی‌مین (شهر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4_Chi_Minh-Ville" title="Hô Chi Minh-Ville – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hô Chi Minh-Ville" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minhst%C3%AAd" title="Ho Chi Minhstêd – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ho Chi Minhstêd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A2t_di_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Citât di Ho Chi Minh – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Citât di Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathair_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Cathair Ho Chi Minh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cathair Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caayr_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Caayr Ho Chi Minh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Caayr Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_(baile)" title="Ho Chi Minh (baile) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ho Chi Minh (baile)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Cidade Ho Chi Minh – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cidade Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%82" title="胡志明市 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="胡志明市" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8D%89_%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B9_%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B7_%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B2" title="𐌷𐍉 𐍄𐍃𐌷𐌹 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌷 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌷𐍉 𐍄𐍃𐌷𐌹 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌷 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh_S%E1%B9%B3" title="Hồ Chí Minh Sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hồ Chí Minh Sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EC%B0%8C%EB%AF%BC%EC%8B%9C" title="호찌민시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호찌민시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birnin_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Birnin Ho Chi Minh – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Birnin Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%B7%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Հոշիմին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոշիմին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="हो ची मिन्ह शहर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हो ची मिन्ह शहर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_m%C4%9Bsto" title="Ho Chi Minh město – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ho Chi Minh město" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_%C5%A0i_Min_(grad)" title="Ho Ši Min (grad) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ho Ši Min (grad)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho-Chi-Minh-urbo" title="Ho-Chi-Minh-urbo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ho-Chi-Minh-urbo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siudad_ti_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Siudad ti Ho Chi Minh – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Siudad ti Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh" title="Kota Hồ Chí Minh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota Hồ Chí Minh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citate_de_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Citate de Ho Chi Minh – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Citate de Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Cit%C3%A9" title="Ho Chi Minh Cité – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ho Chi Minh Cité" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh-gum_Iniqpa%C5%8Ba" title="Ho Chi Minh-gum Iniqpaŋa – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Ho Chi Minh-gum Iniqpaŋa" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHochiminh" title="IHochiminh – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IHochiminh" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh-borg" title="Hồ Chí Minh-borg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hồ Chí Minh-borg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Ho Chi Minh (città) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ho Chi Minh (città)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95_%D7%A6%27%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99" title="הו צ'י מין סיטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הו צ'י מין סיטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Kutha Ho Chi Minh – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kutha Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakanbaleng_H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh" title="Lakanbaleng Hồ Chí Minh – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Lakanbaleng Hồ Chí Minh" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ხოშიმინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხოშიმინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cita_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Cita Ho Chi Minh – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Cita Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_(umujyi)" title="Ho Chi Minh (umujyi) – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ho Chi Minh (umujyi)" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mji_wa_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Mji wa Ho Chi Minh – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mji wa Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4-Chi-Minh-Vil" title="Hô-Chi-Minh-Vil – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Hô-Chi-Minh-Vil" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajar%C3%AA_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Bajarê Ho Chi Minh – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bajarê Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivdad_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Sivdad Ho Chi Minh – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Sivdad Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AE%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ເມືອງໂຮ່ຈິມິນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເມືອງໂຮ່ຈິມິນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C5%A1imins" title="Hošimins – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Hošimins" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochiminhopolis" title="Hochiminhopolis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hochiminhopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C5%A1imina" title="Hošimina – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hošimina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho-Chi-Minh-Stad" title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stad – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stad" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C5%A1iminas" title="Hošiminas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hošiminas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87it%C3%A6_de_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Çitæ de Ho Chi Minh – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Çitæ de Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minhstad" title="Ho Chi Minhstad – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ho Chi Minhstad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Engumba" title="Ho Chi Minh Engumba – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ho Chi Minh Engumba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_tcadu" title="Ho Chi Minh tcadu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="Ho Chi Minh tcadu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A0_de_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Cità de Ho Chi Minh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cità de Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Si_Minh-v%C3%A1ros" title="Ho Si Minh-város – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ho Si Minh-város" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE_%D0%A8%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Хо Ши Мин (град) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хо Ши Мин (град)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4-Chi-Minh-Ville" title="Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഹോ ചി മിൻ നഗരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹോ ചി മിൻ നഗരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_(belt)" title="Ho Chi Minh (belt) – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ho Chi Minh (belt)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokimina_T%C4%81one" title="Hokimina Tāone – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hokimina Tāone" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="हो चि मिन्ह सिटी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हो चि मिन्ह सिटी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჰოშიმინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰოშიმინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87" title="هو تشى مينه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هو تشى مينه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="هوشی مینه سیتی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هوشی مینه سیتی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Raya_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Bandar Raya Ho Chi Minh – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bandar Raya Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Kota Ho Chi Minh – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kota Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B9-c%C3%A9-m%C3%ACng-ch%C3%AA" title="Hù-cé-mìng-chê – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hù-cé-mìng-chê" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_de_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Cidade de Ho Chi Minh – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cidade de Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဟိုချီမင်းမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟိုချီမင်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_(siti)" title="Ho Chi Minh (siti) – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ho Chi Minh (siti)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minhstad" title="Ho Chi Minhstad – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ho Chi Minhstad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh-stad" title="Ho Chi Minh-stad – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ho Chi Minh-stad" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E5%B8%82" title="ホーチミン市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホーチミン市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_(cit%C3%A0)" title="Ho Chi Minh (cità) – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ho Chi Minh (cità)" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh-st%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Ho Chi Minh-stää – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ho Chi Minh-stää" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh-byen" title="Ho Chi Minh-byen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ho Chi Minh-byen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh-byen" title="Ho Chi Minh-byen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ho Chi Minh-byen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Ville" title="Ho Chi Minh Ville – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ho Chi Minh Ville" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutat_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ciutat Ho Chi Minh – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ciutat Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A8" title="ସାଇଗନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସାଇଗନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xoshimin" title="Xoshimin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xoshimin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0" title="ਹੋ ਚੀ ਮਿਨ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੋ ਚੀ ਮਿਨ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt" title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%DB%81_%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="ہوچی منہ شہر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہوچی منہ شہر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siudat_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Siudat Ho Chi Minh – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Siudat Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%9A" title="ទីក្រុងព្រៃនគរ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទីក្រុងព្រៃនគរ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Vile" title="Ho Chi Minh Vile – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ho Chi Minh Vile" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt" title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_(miasto)" title="Ho Chi Minh (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ho Chi Minh (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidade_de_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Cidade de Ho Chi Minh – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cidade de Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xoshimin" title="Xoshimin – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Xoshimin" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_%C5%9Ei_Min" title="Ho Şi Min – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ho Şi Min" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh-Stadt" title="Ho Chi Minh-Stadt – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Ho Chi Minh-Stadt" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_%C8%98i_Min_(ora%C8%99)" title="Ho Și Min (oraș) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ho Și Min (oraș)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citad_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Citad Ho Chi Minh – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Citad Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_llaqta" title="Ho Chi Minh llaqta – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ho Chi Minh llaqta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B3_%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱦᱳ ᱪᱤ ᱢᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱳ ᱪᱤ ᱢᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzitade_de_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Tzitade de Ho Chi Minh – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tzitade de Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Ceety" title="Ho Chi Minh Ceety – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ho Chi Minh Ceety" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho-Chi-Minh-St%C3%A4%C3%A4d" title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stääd – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ho-Chi-Minh-Stääd" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qyteti_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Qyteti Ho Chi Minh – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qyteti Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9D_%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="හෝ චි මින් නගරය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හෝ චි මින් නගරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C4%8Diminovo_Mesto" title="Hočiminovo Mesto – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hočiminovo Mesto" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C5%A1iminh" title="Hošiminh – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hošiminh" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_(mjasto)" title="Ho Chi Minh (mjasto) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ho Chi Minh (mjasto)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE_%D0%A8%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Хо Ши Мин (град) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хо Ши Мин (град)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh_(grad)" title="Hồ Chí Minh (grad) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hồ Chí Minh (grad)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Kota Ho Chi Minh – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kota Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minhin_kaupunki" title="Hồ Chí Minhin kaupunki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hồ Chí Minhin kaupunki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh-staden" title="Ho Chi Minh-staden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ho Chi Minh-staden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungsod_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Lungsod Ho Chi Minh – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lungsod Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஹோ சி மின் நகரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹோ சி மின் நகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_(cetate)" title="Ho Chi Minh (cetate) – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Ho Chi Minh (cetate)" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Һошимин – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һошимин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" title="นครโฮจิมินห์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นครโฮจิมินห์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Kenti" title="Ho Chi Minh Kenti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ho Chi Minh Kenti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_%C5%9Ei_Mi%C5%88_%C5%9E%C3%A4heri" title="Ho Şi Miň Şäheri – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ho Şi Miň Şäheri" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хошимин – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Хошимин" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%96%E1%A8%9A_%E1%A8%8C%E1%A8%96%E1%A8%97_%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%96_%E1%A8%8C%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%90" title="ᨖᨚ ᨌᨖᨗ ᨆᨗᨊᨖ ᨌᨗᨈᨐ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨖᨚ ᨌᨖᨗ ᨆᨗᨊᨖ ᨌᨗᨈᨐ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Хошимін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хошимін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%88_%DA%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="ہو چی من شہر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہو چی من شہر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="سايگون – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سايگون" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Si" title="Ho Chi Minh Si – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ho Chi Minh Si" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit%C3%A0_de_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Sità de Ho Chi Minh – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sità de Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C5%A1imin" title="Hošimin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hošimin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh" title="Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_(zif)" title="Ho Chi Minh (zif) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Ho Chi Minh (zif)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4_Ch%C3%AD_Minh_Veye" title="Hô Chí Minh Veye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Hô Chí Minh Veye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E%E5%9F%8E%E5%BA%AF" title="胡志明城庯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="胡志明城庯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minhstad" title="Ho Chi Minhstad – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ho Chi Minhstad" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syudad_han_Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Syudad han Ho Chi Minh – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Syudad han Ho Chi Minh" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%82" title="胡志明市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="胡志明市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ho Chi Minh City" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90_%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%98" title="הא טשי מין שטאט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הא טשי מין שטאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%82" title="胡志明市 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="胡志明市" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_(s%C3%BBke)" title="Ho Chi Minh (sûke) – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ho Chi Minh (sûke)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_stad" title="Ho Chi Minh stad – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Ho Chi Minh stad" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C5%A1%C4%97mins" title="Hošėmins – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Hošėmins" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%82" title="胡志明市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="胡志明市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Ciming_Kota" title="Ho Ciming Kota – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ho Ciming Kota" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1854#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&params=10_46_32_N_106_42_07_E_region:VN_type:city(9456700)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">10°46′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">106°42′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">10.77556°N 106.70194°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">10.77556; 106.70194</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest municipality in Vietnam</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city. For the Vietnamese communist leader, see <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ho Chi Minh (disambiguation)">Ho Chi Minh (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Saigon" and "HCMC" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Saigon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Saigon (disambiguation)">Saigon (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/HCMC_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="HCMC (disambiguation)">HCMC (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Vietnam</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Ho Chi Minh City</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="vi"><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi">Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh</span></span></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Saigon <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi">Sài Gòn</span></span>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality (special)</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:302px;max-width:302px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:300px;max-width:300px"><div style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline_at_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline_at_Night.jpg/298px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline_at_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="298" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline_at_Night.jpg/447px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline_at_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline_at_Night.jpg/596px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline_at_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Ho Chi Minh City skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ho_Chi_Minh_City,_City_Hall,_2020-01_CN-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ho Chi Minh City Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_City_Hall%2C_2020-01_CN-04.jpg/137px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_City_Hall%2C_2020-01_CN-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_City_Hall%2C_2020-01_CN-04.jpg/206px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_City_Hall%2C_2020-01_CN-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_City_Hall%2C_2020-01_CN-04.jpg/274px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_City_Hall%2C_2020-01_CN-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3033" data-file-height="2308" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Hall" title="Ho Chi Minh City Hall">Ho Chi Minh City Hall</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Municipal_Theatre_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City,_2023_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Saigon Opera House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Municipal_Theatre_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_2023_%2801%29.jpg/157px-Municipal_Theatre_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_2023_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Municipal_Theatre_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_2023_%2801%29.jpg/236px-Municipal_Theatre_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_2023_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Municipal_Theatre_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_2023_%2801%29.jpg/314px-Municipal_Theatre_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_2023_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3654" data-file-height="2435" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Theatre,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Theatre, Ho Chi Minh City">Saigon Opera House</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:166px;max-width:166px"><div style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Thanh_Market1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bến Thành Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ben_Thanh_Market1.jpg/164px-Ben_Thanh_Market1.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ben_Thanh_Market1.jpg/246px-Ben_Thanh_Market1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ben_Thanh_Market1.jpg/328px-Ben_Thanh_Market1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7054" data-file-height="4703" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%BFn_Th%C3%A0nh_Market" title="Bến Thành Market">Bến Thành Market</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ho_Chi_Minh_City,_Notre-Dame_Basilica,_2020-01_CN-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_Notre-Dame_Basilica%2C_2020-01_CN-01.jpg/130px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_Notre-Dame_Basilica%2C_2020-01_CN-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_Notre-Dame_Basilica%2C_2020-01_CN-01.jpg/195px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_Notre-Dame_Basilica%2C_2020-01_CN-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_Notre-Dame_Basilica%2C_2020-01_CN-01.jpg/260px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_Notre-Dame_Basilica%2C_2020-01_CN-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3272" data-file-height="2738" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Cathedral_Basilica_of_Saigon" title="Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon">Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:300px;max-width:300px"><div style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Independence_Palace_(36766444460).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Independence Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Independence_Palace_%2836766444460%29.jpg/298px-Independence_Palace_%2836766444460%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="298" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Independence_Palace_%2836766444460%29.jpg/447px-Independence_Palace_%2836766444460%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Independence_Palace_%2836766444460%29.jpg/596px-Independence_Palace_%2836766444460%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4547" data-file-height="2069" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Palace" title="Independence Palace">Independence Palace</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Saigon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Ho Chi Minh City"><img alt="Official seal of Ho Chi Minh City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6d/Emblem_of_Saigon.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Saigon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6d/Emblem_of_Saigon.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Saigon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6d/Emblem_of_Saigon.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Saigon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thành phố mang tên Bác</i></span><br />(<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">The city bearing the name of <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Uncle Ho</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)<br /><hr />The Pearl of Far East (historical)<br />Paris of the Orient (historical)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Paulatim crescam</i></span> (historical)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Meaning: Little by little we grow</span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-lat="10.775" data-lon="106.7" data-overlays="["_9993c85237b46263fe139da3911af7aa162cb254"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/8/10.775/106.7/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,10.775,106.7,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&groups=_9993c85237b46263fe139da3911af7aa162cb254" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,10.775,106.7,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&groups=_9993c85237b46263fe139da3911af7aa162cb254 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map outlining Ho Chi Minh City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ho_Chi_Minh_City_in_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Ho Chi Minh City"><img alt="Location of Ho Chi Minh City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_in_Vietnam.svg/250px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_in_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="489" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_in_Vietnam.svg/375px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_in_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_in_Vietnam.svg/500px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_in_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2349" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ho Chi Minh City is located in Vietnam"><img alt="Ho Chi Minh City is located in Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="489" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Vietnam_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2349" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.653%;left:57.67%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ho Chi Minh City"><img alt="Ho Chi Minh City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ho Chi Minh City</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Vietnam</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Vietnam</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ho Chi Minh City is located in Southeast Asia"><img alt="Ho Chi Minh City is located in Southeast Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/250px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/375px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/500px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="378" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.983%;left:28.142%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ho Chi Minh City"><img alt="Ho Chi Minh City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ho Chi Minh City</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Southeast Asia</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Southeast Asia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ho Chi Minh City is located in Asia"><img alt="Ho Chi Minh City is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:79.64%;left:61.23%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ho Chi Minh City"><img alt="Ho Chi Minh City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ho Chi Minh City</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Asia</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&params=10_46_32_N_106_42_07_E_region:VN_type:city(9456700)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">10°46′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">106°42′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">10.77556°N 106.70194°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">10.77556; 106.70194</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Vietnam">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_(Vietnam)" title="Southeast (Vietnam)">Southeast</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1698</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Change of name</th><td class="infobox-data">1976</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_H%E1%BB%AFu_C%E1%BA%A3nh" title="Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh">Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Vietnam" title="List of districts of Vietnam">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 urban districts, 5 rural districts and 1 sub-city</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Ho Chi Minh City People's Council</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Secretary of <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">CPV</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_N%C3%AAn" title="Nguyễn Văn Nên">Nguyễn Văn Nên</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Chairwoman of People's Council</th><td class="infobox-data">Nguyễn Thị Lệ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Chairman of People's Committee</th><td class="infobox-data">Phan Văn Mãi</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-area_2022_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area_2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality (special)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,095.39 km<sup>2</sup> (809.03 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">30,595 km<sup>2</sup> (11,813 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">19 m (63 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023)<sup id="cite_ref-pop_2023_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop_2023-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 104">: 104 </span></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality (special)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,456,700</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,513/km<sup>2</sup> (11,690/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-pop_2023_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop_2023-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 113">: 113 </span></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,344,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">Rural</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-pop_2023_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop_2023-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 115">: 115 </span></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,112,700</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">22,552,900 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">737/km<sup>2</sup> (1,910/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Saigonese</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Gross_regional_domestic_product" title="Gross regional domestic product">GRDP</a> (Nominal)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality (Special)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 68.1 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data">US$ 133.1 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B7" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+7">UTC+7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Vietnam" title="Time in Vietnam">Indochina Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Vietnam" title="Postal codes in Vietnam">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">70xxx–74xxx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Vietnam" title="Telephone numbers in Vietnam">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">28</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:VN" title="ISO 3166-2:VN">VN-SG</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Vietnam" title="Vehicle registration plates of Vietnam">License plate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">41, 50–59</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.811<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Vietnam_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of administrative divisions of Vietnam by Human Development Index">3rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">International airports</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport" title="Tan Son Nhat International Airport">Tan Son Nhat International Airport</a> <a href="/wiki/IATA_airport_code" title="IATA airport code">(SGN)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Rapid transit system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City Metro">Ho Chi Minh City Metro</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hochiminhcity.gov.vn/">hochiminhcity<wbr />.gov<wbr />.vn</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ho Chi Minh City</b> (<b>HCMC</b>; <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh</i>), better known as <b>Saigon</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Sài Gòn</i>), is the most populous city in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, with a population of around 10 million in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-2019census_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2019census-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's geography is defined by rivers and canals, of which the largest is <a href="/wiki/Saigon_River" title="Saigon River">Saigon River</a>. As a <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">municipality</a>, Ho Chi Minh City consists of 16 <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_districts_of_Vietnam" title="List of urban districts of Vietnam">urban districts</a>, five <a href="/wiki/Huy%E1%BB%87n" class="mw-redirect" title="Huyện">rural districts</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/Municipal_city_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal city (Vietnam)">municipal city</a> (sub-city). As the largest <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial centre</a> in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City has the highest <a href="/wiki/Gross_regional_domestic_product" title="Gross regional domestic product">gross regional domestic product</a> out of all Vietnam provinces and municipalities,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contributing around a quarter of the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vietnam" title="Economy of Vietnam">country's total GDP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City's metropolitan area</a> is <a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_country_subdivisions_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN country subdivisions by GDP">ASEAN's 6th largest economy</a>, also the biggest outside an <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a> country capital. </p><p>Since ancient times, <a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">water transport</a> has been heavily used by inhabitants in the area. The area was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> from 2nd century AD to around the 19th century, due to <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a>'s expansionist policy of <i><a href="/wiki/Nam_ti%E1%BA%BFn" title="Nam tiến">Nam tiến</a></i>. After the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Saigon" title="Citadel of Saigon">Citadel of Saigon</a>, the city became the capital of <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a> from 1887 to 1902, and again from 1945 until its cessation in 1954. Following the <a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">partition of French Indochina</a>, it became the capital of <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> until it was captured by <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>, who renamed the city after their former leader <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hồ Chí Minh">Hồ Chí Minh</a>, though the former name is still widely used in informal usages. Beginning in the 1990s, the city underwent rapid expansion and modernization, which contributed to <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới">Vietnam's post-war economic recovery</a> and helped revive its <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">international trade</a> hub status. </p><p>Ho Chi Minh City has a long tradition of being one of the centers of economy, entertainment and education in Vietnam. As such, the city is also the busiest international <a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">transport hub</a> in Vietnam, as <a href="/wiki/Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport" title="Tan Son Nhat International Airport">Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport</a> accounts for nearly half of all international arrivals to Vietnam<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Saigon_Port" title="Saigon Port">Port of Saigon</a> is among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_container_ports" title="List of busiest container ports">busiest container ports in Southeast Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ho Chi Minh City is also a tourist attraction. Some of the war and <a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_buildings_in_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="List of historic buildings in Ho Chi Minh City">historic landmarks</a> in the city include the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Palace" title="Independence Palace">Independence Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landmark_81" title="Landmark 81">Landmark 81</a> (tallest building in Vietnam), the <a href="/wiki/War_Remnants_Museum" title="War Remnants Museum">War Remnants Museum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%BFn_Th%C3%A0nh_Market" title="Bến Thành Market">Bến Thành Market</a>. The city is also known for its narrow walkable <a href="/wiki/Hem_(alleyway)" title="Hem (alleyway)">alleys</a> and bustling <a href="/wiki/Nightlife" title="Nightlife">night life</a>. Currently, Ho Chi Minh City is facing increasing threats of <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">flooding</a> as well as heavy strains on public infrastructures. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Names of Ho Chi Minh City">Names of Ho Chi Minh City</a></div> <p>The first known human habitation in the area was a <a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Cham</a> settlement called Baigaur.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cambodians then took over the Cham village of Baigaur and renamed it Prey Nokor, a small fishing village.<sup id="cite_ref-SaigonHis2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SaigonHis2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-salkin-962_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salkin-962-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, under the control of the Vietnamese, it was officially renamed <a href="/wiki/Gia_Dinh" class="mw-redirect" title="Gia Dinh">Gia Định</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%98%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:嘉">嘉</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9A" class="extiw" title="wikt:定">定</a>) in 1698, a name that was retained until the time of the <a href="/wiki/Cochinchina_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochinchina Campaign">French conquest</a> in the 1860s, when it adopted the name <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Sài Gòn</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Francization" title="Francization">francized</a> as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Saïgon</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-salkin-962_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salkin-962-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the city was still indicated as <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%98%89" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:嘉">嘉</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9A" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:定">定</a></span></span> on Vietnamese maps written in <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n" title="Chữ Hán">chữ Hán</a> until at least 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-mapofvietnam18912_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapofvietnam18912-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current name, Ho Chi Minh City, was given after <a href="/wiki/Reunification_Day" title="Reunification Day">reunification</a> in 1976 to honour <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even today, however, the informal name of <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Sài Gòn</i></span> remains in daily speech. However, there is a technical difference between the two terms: <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Sài Gòn</i></span> is commonly used to refer to the city centre in <a href="/wiki/District_1,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 1, Ho Chi Minh City">District 1</a> and the adjacent areas, while <i>Ho Chi Minh City</i> refers to all of its urban and rural districts.<sup id="cite_ref-salkin-962_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salkin-962-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saigon">Saigon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Saigon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SaiGonGiaDinhChuNom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/SaiGonGiaDinhChuNom.jpg/190px-SaiGonGiaDinhChuNom.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/SaiGonGiaDinhChuNom.jpg/285px-SaiGonGiaDinhChuNom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/SaiGonGiaDinhChuNom.jpg/380px-SaiGonGiaDinhChuNom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1913" /></a><figcaption>Saigon is written here as <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">柴棍</span></span> along with other Southern Vietnamese cities. (On the left of the page, first row after "<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">城庯三</span></span>")</figcaption></figure> <p>The original toponym behind Sài Gòn, was attested earliest as <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">柴棍</span></span>, with two phonograms whose Sino-Vietnamese readings are sài and côn respectively, in Lê Quý Đôn's "Miscellaneous Chronicles of the Pacified Frontier" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">撫邊雜錄</span></span>, <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Phủ biên tạp lục</i></span> c. 1776), wherein Lê relates that, in 1674, Cambodian prince Ang Nan was installed as uparaja in <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">柴棍</span></span> (Sài Gòn) by Vietnamese forces. </p><p><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">柴棍</span></span> also appears later in Trịnh Hoài Đức's "Comprehensive Records about the Gia Định Citadel" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">嘉定城通志</span></span>, <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Gia Định thành thông chí</i></span>, c. 1820), "Textbook on the Geography of the Southern Country" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">南國地輿教科書</span></span>, <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Nam quốc địa dư giáo khoa thư</i></span>, 1908),<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> etc. </p><p>Adrien Launay's <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Histoire de la Mission de Cochinchine</span></span> (1688−1823), "Documents Historiques II: 1728 - 1771" (1924: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zZ6AAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA190">190</a>) cites 1747 documents containing the toponyms: provincia Rai-gon, Rai-gon thong (for *Sài Gòn thượng "Upper Saigon"), & Rai-gon-ha (for *Sài Gòn hạ "Lower Saigon"). </p><p>It is probably a transcription of Khmer <span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km">ព្រៃនគរ</span></span> (Prey Nokôr)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TruongVinhKy2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TruongVinhKy2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, or Khmer <span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km">ព្រៃគរ</span></span> (Prey Kôr). </p><p>The proposal that Sài Gòn is from non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">堤岸</span></span> (“embankment”, <span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="yue-Latn">tai4 ngon6</i></span>, SV: đê ngạn)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, the <a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Cantonese</a> name of <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A3_L%E1%BB%9Bn" title="Chợ Lớn">Chợ Lớn</a>, (e.g. by Vương Hồng Sển) has been critiqued as folk-etymological, as: (1) the Vietnamese source Phủ biên tạp lục (albeit written in literary Chinese) was the earliest extant one containing the local toponym's transcription; (2) <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">堤岸</span></span> has variant form <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">提岸</span></span>, thus suggesting that both were transcriptions of a local toponym and thus are cognates to, not originals of, Sài Gòn. Saigon is unlikely to be from <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">堤岸</span></span> since in "Textbook on the Geography of the Southern Country", it also lists <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A3_L%E1%BB%9Bn" title="Chợ Lớn">Chợ Lớn</a> as <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">𢄂𢀲</span></span> separate from <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">柴棍</span></span> Sài Gòn.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (September 2024)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ho_Chi_Minh_City">Ho Chi Minh City</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ho Chi Minh City"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current official name, <i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh</i></span></i>, was first proclaimed in 1945, and later adopted in 1976. It is abbreviated as TP.HCM, and translated in English as <i>Ho Chi Minh City</i>, abbreviated as HCMC, and in French as <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville</i></span></i> (the <a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a> is sometimes omitted), abbreviated as HCMV. The name commemorates <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a>, the first leader of <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>. This name, though not his given name, was one he favored throughout his later years. It combines a common Vietnamese surname (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Hồ</span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1051880798">.mw-parser-output .vi-nom{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Nom Na Tong","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","Han-Nom Kai","TH-Khaai-TP0","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP0","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP0","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP0","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP0","TH-Ming-JP2","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinA","HanaMinB","HanaMin","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)",sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .vi-nom.ext{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP2","BabelStone Han","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinB","Han-Nom Kai",sans-serif}</style><span lang="vi-Hani" class="vi-nom"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:胡">胡</a></span>) with a given name meaning "enlightened will" (from <a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_vocabulary" title="Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary">Sino-Vietnamese</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BF%97" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:志">志</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:明">明</a>; <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Chí</span></span> meaning 'will' or 'spirit', and <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi" style="font-style: normal;">Minh</span></span> meaning 'light'), in essence, meaning "light bringer".<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-bacho2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-bacho2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nowadays, "Saigon" is still used as a semi-official name for the city, in some cases being used interchangeably with Ho Chi Minh City, partly due to its long history and familiarity. "Prey Nokor City" is well known in Khmer, whereas "Ho Chi Minh City" is used to refer to the whole city.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_settlement">Early settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest settlement in the area was a <a href="/wiki/Funan" title="Funan">Funan</a> temple at the location of the current Phụng Sơn Buddhist temple, founded in the 4th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-HistDict2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistDict2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A settlement called Baigaur was established on the site in the 11th century by the <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HistDict2_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistDict2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baigaur was renamed Prey Nokor after conquest by the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a> around 1145,<sup id="cite_ref-HistDict2_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistDict2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prey Nokor grew on the site of a small fishing village and area of forest.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese people</a> crossed the sea to explore this land completely without the organisation of the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyễn Lords">Nguyễn Lords</a>. Thanks to the marriage between Princess <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BAc_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc_V%E1%BA%A1n" title="Nguyễn Phúc Ngọc Vạn">Nguyễn Phúc Ngọc Vạn</a> - daughter of Lord <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BAc_Nguy%C3%AAn" title="Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên">Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên</a> - and the King of Cambodia <a href="/wiki/Chey_Chettha_II" title="Chey Chettha II">Chey Chettha II</a> in 1620, the relationship between Vietnam and Cambodia became smooth, and the people of the two countries could freely move back and forth. In exchange, Chey Chettha II gifted Prei Nokor to the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_lords" title="Nguyễn lords">Nguyễn lords</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Song22_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song22-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vietnamese settlers began to migrate to the area of Saigon, Đồng Nai. Before that, the Funanese, Khmer, and Cham had lived there, scattered from time immemorial. </p><p>The period from 1623 to 1698 is considered the period of the formation of later Saigon. In 1623, Lord Nguyen sent a mission to ask his son-in-law, King Chey Chettha II, to set up tax collection stations in Prey Nokor (Sài Gòn) and Kas Krobei (Bến Nghé). Although this was a deserted jungle area, it was located on the traffic routes between Vietnam, Cambodia, and Siam. The next two important events of this period were the establishment of the barracks and residence of Vice King <a href="/wiki/Ang_Non" class="mw-redirect" title="Ang Non">Ang Non</a> and the establishment of a palace at Tân Mỹ (near the present-day Cống Quỳnh–Nguyễn Trãi crossroads). It can be said that Saigon was formed from these three government agencies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nguyễn_dynasty_rule"><span id="Nguy.E1.BB.85n_dynasty_rule"></span>Nguyễn dynasty rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nguyễn dynasty rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ban_Do_Gia_Dinh_1815_Tran_Van_Hoc_v2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ban_Do_Gia_Dinh_1815_Tran_Van_Hoc_v2.png/225px-Ban_Do_Gia_Dinh_1815_Tran_Van_Hoc_v2.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ban_Do_Gia_Dinh_1815_Tran_Van_Hoc_v2.png/338px-Ban_Do_Gia_Dinh_1815_Tran_Van_Hoc_v2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ban_Do_Gia_Dinh_1815_Tran_Van_Hoc_v2.png/450px-Ban_Do_Gia_Dinh_1815_Tran_Van_Hoc_v2.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Map of Gia Định in 1815</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1679, Lord <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BAc_T%E1%BA%A7n" title="Nguyễn Phúc Tần">Nguyễn Phúc Tần</a> allowed a group of Chinese refugees from the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> to settle in <a href="/wiki/My_Tho" class="mw-redirect" title="My Tho">Mỹ Tho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bien_Hoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bien Hoa">Biên Hòa</a> and Saigon to seek refuge. In 1698, <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_H%E1%BB%AFu_C%E1%BA%A3nh" title="Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh">Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh</a>, a Vietnamese noble, was sent by the Nguyễn rulers of <a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a> by sea to establish Vietnamese administrative structures in the area, thus detaching the area from Cambodia, which was not strong enough to intervene. He is often credited with the expansion of Saigon into a significant settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King <a href="/wiki/Chey_Chettha_IV" title="Chey Chettha IV">Chey Chettha IV</a> of Cambodia tried to stop the Vietnamese but was defeated by Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh in 1700. In February 1700, he invaded Cambodia from <a href="/wiki/An_Giang" class="mw-redirect" title="An Giang">An Giang</a>. In March, the Vietnamese expedition under Cảnh and a Chinese general <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_Xuy%C3%AAn" title="Trần Thượng Xuyên">Trần Thượng Xuyên</a> (Chen Shangchuan) defeated the main Cambodian army at Bích Đôi citadel, king Chey Chettha IV took flight while his nephew <a href="/wiki/Ang_Em" title="Ang Em">Ang Em</a> surrendered to the invaders, as the Vietnamese marched onto and captured Cambodia's capital <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Song23_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song23-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, Saigon and <a href="/wiki/Long_An" class="mw-redirect" title="Long An">Long An</a> were officially and securely obtained by the Nguyễn, more Vietnamese settlers moved into the new conquered lands.<sup id="cite_ref-Song23_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song23-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1788, <a href="/wiki/Gia_Long" title="Gia Long">Nguyễn Ánh</a> captured the city, and used it as a centre of resistance against Tây Sơn.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, a large <a href="/wiki/Vauban" class="mw-redirect" title="Vauban">Vauban</a> citadel called <a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Saigon" title="Citadel of Saigon">Gia Định</a>, or <i>Thành Bát Quái</i> ("Eight Diagrams") was built by Victor <a href="/wiki/Olivier_de_Puymanel" title="Olivier de Puymanel">Olivier de Puymanel</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/French_assistance_to_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_%C3%81nh" title="French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh">Nguyễn Ánh's French mercenaries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The citadel was captured by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_V%C4%83n_Kh%C3%B4i" title="Lê Văn Khôi">Lê Văn Khôi</a> during <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_V%C4%83n_Kh%C3%B4i_revolt" title="Lê Văn Khôi revolt">his revolt</a> of 1833–35 against Emperor <a href="/wiki/Minh_M%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Minh Mạng">Minh Mạng</a>. Following the revolt, Minh Mạng ordered it to be dismantled, and a new citadel, called <i>Phụng Thành</i>, was built in 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1859, the citadel was destroyed by the French following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ky_Hoa" title="Battle of Ky Hoa">Battle of Kỳ Hòa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially called Gia Định, the Vietnamese city became Saigon in the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-HistDict2_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistDict2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_colonial_era">French colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: French colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ceded to France by the 1862 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saigon_(1862)" title="Treaty of Saigon (1862)">Treaty of Saigon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the city was planned by the French to transform into a large town for colonization. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, construction of various French-style buildings began, including a <a href="/wiki/Saigon_Zoo_and_Botanical_Gardens" title="Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens">botanical garden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Norodom Palace">Norodom Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Continental_Saigon" title="Hotel Continental Saigon">Hotel Continental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Cathedral_Basilica_of_Saigon" title="Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon">Notre-Dame Cathedral</a>, and <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%BFn_Th%C3%A0nh_Market" title="Bến Thành Market">Bến Thành Market</a>, among many others.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1865, <a href="/wiki/Gia_Dinh_Bao" title="Gia Dinh Bao">Gia Định Báo</a> was established in Saigon, becoming the first newspaper published in Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the French colonial era, Saigon became known as "Pearl of the Orient" (<i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Hòn ngọc Viễn Đông</i></span></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Paris of the Extreme Orient".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 April 1931, a new <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gion" class="mw-redirect" title="Région">région</a> called <b>Saigon–Cholon</b> consisting of Saigon and Cholon was formed; the name Cholon was dropped after South Vietnam gained independence from France in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From about 256,000 in 1930,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saigon's population rose to 1.2 million in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align: center;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Gallery of Saigon during the French colonial era</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_capture_of_Saigon_in_1859.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Siege of Saigon in 1859 by Franco-Spanish forces."><img alt="The Siege of Saigon in 1859 by Franco-Spanish forces." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/French_capture_of_Saigon_in_1859.jpg/327px-French_capture_of_Saigon_in_1859.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/French_capture_of_Saigon_in_1859.jpg/492px-French_capture_of_Saigon_in_1859.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/French_capture_of_Saigon_in_1859.jpg/654px-French_capture_of_Saigon_in_1859.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1718" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saigon" title="Siege of Saigon">Siege of Saigon</a> in 1859 by Franco-Spanish forces.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 187.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Citadel_of_Saigon_1881.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Saigon in 1881."><img alt="Map of Saigon in 1881." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Citadel_of_Saigon_1881.jpg/278px-Citadel_of_Saigon_1881.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Citadel_of_Saigon_1881.jpg/418px-Citadel_of_Saigon_1881.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Citadel_of_Saigon_1881.jpg/556px-Citadel_of_Saigon_1881.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10601" data-file-height="7443" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Saigon in 1881.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 187.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casernes_du_11e_R.I.C._%C3%A0_Saigon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French soldiers stationed at a barrack in Saigon in 1930."><img alt="French soldiers stationed at a barrack in Saigon in 1930." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Casernes_du_11e_R.I.C._%C3%A0_Saigon.jpg/278px-Casernes_du_11e_R.I.C._%C3%A0_Saigon.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Casernes_du_11e_R.I.C._%C3%A0_Saigon.jpg/418px-Casernes_du_11e_R.I.C._%C3%A0_Saigon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Casernes_du_11e_R.I.C._%C3%A0_Saigon.jpg/556px-Casernes_du_11e_R.I.C._%C3%A0_Saigon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="1790" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Troupes_coloniales" title="Troupes coloniales">French soldiers</a> stationed at a barrack in Saigon in 1930.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_troops_entering_Saigon_in_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial Japanese soldiers entering Saigon in 1941, during World War II."><img alt="Imperial Japanese soldiers entering Saigon in 1941, during World War II." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Japanese_troops_entering_Saigon_in_1941.jpg/274px-Japanese_troops_entering_Saigon_in_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Japanese_troops_entering_Saigon_in_1941.jpg/411px-Japanese_troops_entering_Saigon_in_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Japanese_troops_entering_Saigon_in_1941.jpg/547px-Japanese_troops_entering_Saigon_in_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2709" data-file-height="1932" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese soldiers</a> entering Saigon in 1941, during <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">World War II</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saigon_under_attack_by_US_carrier_planes_on_12_January_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saigon afire after aerial attacks from carrier-based planes of the US Pacific Fleet in 1945."><img alt="Saigon afire after aerial attacks from carrier-based planes of the US Pacific Fleet in 1945." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Saigon_under_attack_by_US_carrier_planes_on_12_January_1945.jpg/244px-Saigon_under_attack_by_US_carrier_planes_on_12_January_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Saigon_under_attack_by_US_carrier_planes_on_12_January_1945.jpg/367px-Saigon_under_attack_by_US_carrier_planes_on_12_January_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Saigon_under_attack_by_US_carrier_planes_on_12_January_1945.jpg/488px-Saigon_under_attack_by_US_carrier_planes_on_12_January_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5591" data-file-height="4470" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saigon afire after aerial attacks from carrier-based planes of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Pacific_Fleet" title="United States Pacific Fleet">US Pacific Fleet</a> in 1945.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_of_Vietnam_and_Republic_of_Vietnam_era">State of Vietnam and Republic of Vietnam era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: State of Vietnam and Republic of Vietnam era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1949, former Emperor <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i" title="Bảo Đại">Bảo Đại</a> made Saigon the capital of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Vietnam" title="State of Vietnam">State of Vietnam</a> with himself as head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-History_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1954, the <a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">Geneva Agreement</a> partitioned Vietnam <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone">along</a> the <a href="/wiki/17th_parallel_north" title="17th parallel north">17th parallel</a> (<a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%BFn_H%E1%BA%A3i_River" title="Bến Hải River">Bến Hải River</a>), with the communist <a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Việt Minh</a>, under <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a>, gaining complete control of <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">the northern half of the country</a>, while the southern half gained independence from France.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The State officially became the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Vietnam">Republic of Vietnam</a> when Bảo Đại was deposed by his Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Di%E1%BB%87m" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngô Đình Diệm">Ngô Đình Diệm</a> in the 1955 <a href="/wiki/1955_State_of_Vietnam_referendum" title="1955 State of Vietnam referendum">referendum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Saigon as its capital.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 October 1956, the city was given the official name, <i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Đô Thành Sài Gòn</i></span></i> ("Capital City Saigon").<sup id="cite_ref-:6_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the decree of 27 March 1959 came into effect, Saigon was divided into eight districts and 41 wards.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1966, two wards from old An Khánh Commune of Gia Định, were formed into District 1, then seceded shortly later to become District 9.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1969, District 10 and District 11 were founded, and by 1975, the city's area consisted of eleven districts, <a href="/wiki/Gia_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gia Định Province">Gia Định</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%A7_Chi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Củ Chi District">Củ Chi District</a> (<a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%ADu_Ngh%C4%A9a_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hậu Nghĩa Province">Hậu Nghĩa</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_H%C3%B2a_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Phú Hòa District">Phú Hòa District</a> (<a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bình Dương Province">Bình Dương</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:8_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saigon served as the financial, industrial and transport centre of the Republic of Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1950s, with the U.S. providing nearly $2 billion in aid to the Diệm regime, the country's economy grew rapidly under <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-:6_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by 1960, over half of South Vietnam's factories were located in Saigon.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, beginning in the 1960s, Saigon experienced economic downturn and high inflation, as it was completely dependent on U.S. aid and imports from other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of widespread urbanisation, with the population reaching 3.3 million by 1970, the city was described by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">USAID</a> as being turned "into a huge slum".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city also suffered from "prostitutes, drug addicts, corrupt officials, beggars, orphans, and Americans with money", and according to <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Karnow" title="Stanley Karnow">Stanley Karnow</a>, it was "a black-market city in the largest sense of the word".<sup id="cite_ref-:5_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 April 1955, the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_National_Army" title="Vietnamese National Army">Vietnamese National Army</a> launched <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saigon_(1955)" title="Battle of Saigon (1955)">an attack</a> against <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Xuy%C3%AAn" title="Bình Xuyên">Bình Xuyên</a> military force in the city. The battle lasted until May, killing an estimated 500 people and leaving about 20,000 homeless.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ngô Đình Diệm then later turned on other paramilitary groups in Saigon, including the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hòa Hảo</a> Buddhist reform movement.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 June 1963, Buddhist monk <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thích Quảng Đức">Thích Quảng Đức</a> burned himself in the city, in protest of the Diệm regime. On 1 November of the same year, Diệm was <a href="/wiki/Arrest_and_assassination_of_Ngo_Dinh_Diem" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem">assassinated</a> in Saigon, in a successful coup by <a href="/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_V%C4%83n_Minh" title="Dương Văn Minh">Dương Văn Minh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1968 <a href="/wiki/Tet_Offensive" title="Tet Offensive">Tet Offensive</a>, communist forces launched a failed <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saigon_(1968)" title="Battle of Saigon (1968)">attempt to capture the city</a>. Seven years later, on 30 April 1975, <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">Saigon was captured</a>, ending the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> with a victory for North Vietnam,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the city came under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_People%27s_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese People's Army">Vietnamese People's Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align: center;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Gallery of Saigon during the Republic of Vietnam era</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_Independence_Palace_1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Independence Palace in 1967. It was the official residence and workplace of the President of South Vietnam."><img alt="The Independence Palace in 1967. It was the official residence and workplace of the President of South Vietnam." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vietnam_Independence_Palace_1967.jpg/260px-Vietnam_Independence_Palace_1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vietnam_Independence_Palace_1967.jpg/391px-Vietnam_Independence_Palace_1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vietnam_Independence_Palace_1967.jpg/520px-Vietnam_Independence_Palace_1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Independence_Palace" title="Independence Palace">Independence Palace</a> in 1967. It was the <a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">official residence</a> and workplace of the <a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_South_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaders of South Vietnam">President of South Vietnam</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 201.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 199.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Assembly,_Saigon_1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Saigon Opera House as seen from Tự Do (Liberty) Street in 1967."><img alt="The Saigon Opera House as seen from Tự Do (Liberty) Street in 1967." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/National_Assembly%2C_Saigon_1967.jpg/299px-National_Assembly%2C_Saigon_1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/National_Assembly%2C_Saigon_1967.jpg/450px-National_Assembly%2C_Saigon_1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/National_Assembly%2C_Saigon_1967.jpg/598px-National_Assembly%2C_Saigon_1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1968" data-file-height="1283" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Theatre,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Theatre, Ho Chi Minh City">Saigon Opera House</a> as seen from <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Kh%E1%BB%9Fi_Street" title="Đồng Khởi Street">Tự Do (Liberty) Street</a> in 1967.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tu_Do_Street,_Saigon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street view of Saigon in 1968."><img alt="Street view of Saigon in 1968." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tu_Do_Street%2C_Saigon.jpg/293px-Tu_Do_Street%2C_Saigon.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tu_Do_Street%2C_Saigon.jpg/440px-Tu_Do_Street%2C_Saigon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tu_Do_Street%2C_Saigon.jpg/585px-Tu_Do_Street%2C_Saigon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Street view of Saigon in 1968.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 201.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 199.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StanVacBuilding1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The headquarters of StanVac (now part of Exxon) is an example of Vietnamese modernist architecture which boomed during the era."><img alt="The headquarters of StanVac (now part of Exxon) is an example of Vietnamese modernist architecture which boomed during the era." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/StanVacBuilding1955.jpg/299px-StanVacBuilding1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/StanVacBuilding1955.jpg/450px-StanVacBuilding1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/StanVacBuilding1955.jpg/598px-StanVacBuilding1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Standard_Vacuum_Oil_Company" title="Standard Vacuum Oil Company">StanVac</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">Exxon</a>) is an example of Vietnamese modernist architecture which boomed during the era.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post–Vietnam_War_and_today"><span id="Post.E2.80.93Vietnam_War_and_today"></span>Post–Vietnam War and today</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post–Vietnam War and today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1976, upon the establishment of the unified communist Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the city of Saigon (including the Cholon area), the province of Gia Ðịnh and two suburban districts of two other nearby provinces were combined to create Ho Chi Minh City, in honour of the late Communist leader Ho Chi Minh.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, the city covered an area of 1,295.5 square kilometres (500.2 sq mi) with eight districts and five rurals: <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_(urban_district)" title="Thủ Đức (urban district)">Thủ Đức</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3c_M%C3%B4n_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hóc Môn District">Hóc Môn</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%A7_Chi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Củ Chi District">Củ Chi</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Ch%C3%A1nh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bình Chánh District">Bình Chánh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_B%C3%A8_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhà Bè District">Nhà Bè</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1978, administrative divisions in the city have been revised numerous times,<sup id="cite_ref-:8_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most recently in 2020, when <a href="/wiki/District_2,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 2, Ho Chi Minh City">District 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_9,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 9, Ho Chi Minh City">District 9</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_(urban_district)" title="Thủ Đức (urban district)">Thủ Đức District</a> were consolidated to form a <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thủ Đức">municipal city</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 October 2002, 60 people died and 90 injured in the International Trade Center <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_ITC_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City ITC fire">building fire</a> in Ho Chi Minh City.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, Ho Chi Minh City, along with its surrounding provinces, is described as "the manufacturing hub" of Vietnam, and "an attractive business hub".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of cost, it was ranked the 111th-most expensive major city in the world according to a 2020 survey of 209 cities.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of international connectedness, as of 2020, the city was classified as a "Beta" city by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates,_v2,_2010_Thanh_Po_Ho_Chi_Minh,_Vietnam_(13874141364).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates%2C_v2%2C_2010_Thanh_Po_Ho_Chi_Minh%2C_Vietnam_%2813874141364%29.jpg/300px-Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates%2C_v2%2C_2010_Thanh_Po_Ho_Chi_Minh%2C_Vietnam_%2813874141364%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates%2C_v2%2C_2010_Thanh_Po_Ho_Chi_Minh%2C_Vietnam_%2813874141364%29.jpg/450px-Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates%2C_v2%2C_2010_Thanh_Po_Ho_Chi_Minh%2C_Vietnam_%2813874141364%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates%2C_v2%2C_2010_Thanh_Po_Ho_Chi_Minh%2C_Vietnam_%2813874141364%29.jpg/600px-Urban-Rural_Population_and_Land_Area_Estimates%2C_v2%2C_2010_Thanh_Po_Ho_Chi_Minh%2C_Vietnam_%2813874141364%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3144" data-file-height="2413" /></a><figcaption>Population density and elevation above sea level in the city (2010). Ho Chi Minh City is vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city is located in the south-eastern region of Vietnam, 1,760 km (1,090 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>. The average elevation is 5 m (16 ft) above sea level for the city centre and 16 m (52 ft) for the suburb areas.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It borders <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ninh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tây Ninh Province">Tây Ninh Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bình Dương Province">Bình Dương Province</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Nai_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Đồng Nai Province">Đồng Nai Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0_R%E1%BB%8Ba%E2%80%93V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u_province" title="Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province">Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Long_An_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Long An Province">Long An Province</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Tien_Giang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tien Giang Province">Tiền Giang Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> to the south with a coast 15 km (9 mi) long. The city covers an area of 2,095 km<sup>2</sup> (809 sq mi) or 0.63% of the surface of Vietnam), extending up to <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%A7_Chi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Củ Chi District">Củ Chi District</a> (12 mi or 19 km from the Cambodian border) and down to <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Gi%E1%BB%9D_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Cần Giờ District">Cần Giờ</a> on the Eastern Sea. The distance from the northernmost point (Phú Mỹ Hưng Commune, <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%A7_Chi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Củ Chi District">Củ Chi District</a>) to the southernmost one (Long Hòa Commune, Cần Giờ District) is 102 km (63 mi), and from the easternmost point (<a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thủ Đức">Long Bình ward</a>, District Nine) to the westernmost one (Bình Chánh Commune, Bình Chánh District) is 47 km (29 mi).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Due to its location on the Mekong Delta, the city is fringed by tidal flats that have been heavily modified for agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flooding">Flooding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Flooding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saigon is considered one of the most vulnerable cities to the effects of <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">climate change</a>, particularly flooding. During the rainy season, a combination of high tide, heavy rains, high flow volume in the <a href="/wiki/Saigon_River" title="Saigon River">Saigon River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dong_Nai_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Dong Nai River">Đồng Nai River</a> and land subsidence results in regular flooding in several parts of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A once-in-100 year flood would cause 23% of the city to suffer flooding.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climate</a>, specifically <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Aw</a>), with a high average humidity of 78–82%.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The year is divided into two distinct seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rainy season, with an average rainfall of about 1,800 mm (71 in) annually (about 150 rainy days per year), usually lasts from May to November.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dry season lasts from December to April.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_65-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average temperature is 28 °C (82 °F), with little variation throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_65-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest temperature recorded was 40.0 °C (104 °F) in April while the lowest temperature recorded was 13.8 °C (57 °F) in January.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_65-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On average, the city experiences between 2,400 and 2,700 hours of sunshine per year.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_65-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Ho Chi Minh City (<a href="/wiki/Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport" title="Tan Son Nhat International Airport">Tan Son Nhat International Airport</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(101.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.4<br />(102.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3<br />(97.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3<br />(90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(0.5) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(0.3) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(0.7) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #00D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">202<br />(8.0) </td> <td style="background: #00A500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">224<br />(8.8) </td> <td style="background: #00A500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">231<br />(9.1) </td> <td style="background: #00B700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">219<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">490<br />(19.3) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">340<br />(13.4) </td> <td style="background: #39FF39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #05FF05; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,970<br />(77.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.0 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.0 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.0 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.0 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.0 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">121 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">245 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">246 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">272 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">239 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">200 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,490 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology,<sup id="cite_ref-IBST_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBST-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Asian Development Bank<sup id="cite_ref-adb_65-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> (rainfall)<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ho_Chi_Minh_City,_City_Hall,_2020-01_CN-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_City_Hall%2C_2020-01_CN-03.jpg/220px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_City_Hall%2C_2020-01_CN-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_City_Hall%2C_2020-01_CN-03.jpg/330px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_City_Hall%2C_2020-01_CN-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_City_Hall%2C_2020-01_CN-03.jpg/440px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_City_Hall%2C_2020-01_CN-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3699" data-file-height="2839" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Hall" title="Ho Chi Minh City Hall">Ho Chi Minh City Hall</a> is the administrative building of the city's government.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sai_Gon_districts_coloured_numbered.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sai_Gon_districts_coloured_numbered.png/220px-Sai_Gon_districts_coloured_numbered.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sai_Gon_districts_coloured_numbered.png/330px-Sai_Gon_districts_coloured_numbered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sai_Gon_districts_coloured_numbered.png/440px-Sai_Gon_districts_coloured_numbered.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1362" /></a><figcaption>Administrative divisions of HCMC's urban districts and municipal city<br />1–12. Districts 1 to 12 excludes District 2 and District 9 (Part of city of Thu Duc).<br />2. City of Thủ Đức<br />13. Bình Thạnh<br />14. Bình Tân<br />15. Gò Vấp<br />16. Phú Nhuận<br />17. Tân Bình<br />18. Tân Phú</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is a municipality at the same level as <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Vietnam's provinces</a>, which is subdivided into 22 district-level sub-divisions (as of 2020): </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>5 rural districts (1,601 km<sup>2</sup> or 618 sq mi in area), which are designated as rural (<i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">huyện</i></span></i>): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%A7_Chi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Củ Chi District">Củ Chi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3c_M%C3%B4n_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hóc Môn District">Hóc Môn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Ch%C3%A1nh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bình Chánh District">Bình Chánh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_B%C3%A8_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhà Bè District">Nhà Bè</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Gi%E1%BB%9D_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Cần Giờ District">Cần Giờ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>16 urban districts (283 km<sup>2</sup> or 109 sq mi in area), which are designated urban or suburban (<i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">quận</i></span></i>): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_1,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 1, Ho Chi Minh City">District 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_3,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 3, Ho Chi Minh City">District 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_4,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 4, Ho Chi Minh City">District 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_5,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 5, Ho Chi Minh City">District 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_6,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 6, Ho Chi Minh City">District 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_7,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 7, Ho Chi Minh City">District 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_8,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 8, Ho Chi Minh City">District 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_10,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 10, Ho Chi Minh City">District 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_11,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 11, Ho Chi Minh City">District 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_12,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 12, Ho Chi Minh City">District 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B2_V%E1%BA%A5p_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gò Vấp District">Gò Vấp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2n_B%C3%ACnh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tân Bình District">Tân Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2n_Ph%C3%BA_District,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Tân Phú District, Ho Chi Minh City">Tân Phú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Th%E1%BA%A1nh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bình Thạnh District">Bình Thạnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Nhu%E1%BA%ADn_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Phú Nhuận District">Phú Nhuận</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_T%C3%A2n_District,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Bình Tân District, Ho Chi Minh City">Bình Tân</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>1 sub-city (211 km<sup>2</sup> or 81 sq mi in area), which is designated <a href="/wiki/Municipal_city_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal city (Vietnam)">municipal city</a> (<i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">thành phố thuộc thành phố trực thuộc trung ương</i></span></i>): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thủ Đức">Thủ Đức</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p>They are further subdivided into 5 commune-level towns (or townlets), 58 communes, and 249 wards (as of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, see List of HCMC administrative units below).<sup id="cite_ref-Statistical_office_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistical_office-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 January 2021, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/District_2,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 2, Ho Chi Minh City">District 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_9,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 9, Ho Chi Minh City">District 9</a> and <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_(urban_district)" title="Thủ Đức (urban district)">Thủ Đức District</a> would be consolidated and was approved by <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_Assembly" title="Standing Committee of the National Assembly">Standing Committee of the National Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_government">City government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: City government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Hall" title="Ho Chi Minh City Hall">Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee</a> is a 13-member executive branch of the city. The current chairman is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phan_V%C4%83n_M%C3%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phan Văn Mãi (page does not exist)">Phan Văn Mãi</a>. There are several vice chairmen and chairwomen on the committee with responsibility over various city departments. </p><p>The legislative branch of the city is the Ho Chi Minh City People's Council and consists of 105 members. The current chairwoman is <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%E1%BB%8B_L%E1%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyễn Thị Lệ">Nguyễn Thị Lệ</a>. </p><p>The judiciary branch of the city is the Ho Chi Minh City People's Court. The current chief judge is <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Thanh_Phong" title="Lê Thanh Phong">Lê Thanh Phong</a>. </p><p>The executive committee of Communist Party of Ho Chi Minh City is the leading organ of the Communist Party in Ho Chi Minh City. The current secretary is <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_N%C3%AAn" title="Nguyễn Văn Nên">Nguyễn Văn Nên</a>. The permanent deputy secretary of the Communist Party is ranked second in the city politics after the Secretary of the Communist Party, while chairman of the People's Committee is ranked third and the chairman of the People's Council is ranked fourth.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9" style="background: #d4d4d4;"><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045256916">.mw-parser-output .navbar-header{text-align:center;position:relative;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbar-header .navbar{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;margin:0 5px}</style><div class="navbar-header">List of HCMC administrative units<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_HCMC_Administrative_Units" title="Template:List of HCMC Administrative Units"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_HCMC_Administrative_Units" title="Template talk:List of HCMC Administrative Units"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_HCMC_Administrative_Units" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of HCMC Administrative Units"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Name of district<br /><small>Dec. 2003</small></b> </td> <td> <p><b>Sub-division units<br /><small>Dec. 2003</small></b> </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<br /><small>Dec. 2008</small></b> </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Population as of census<br /><small>1 October 2004</small></b> </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Population as of census<br /><small>1 April 2009</small></b> </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Population<br /><small>2010</small><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Population<br /><small>2011</small><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Population<br /><small>2015</small><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </p> </td> <td> <p><b>Population/km<sup>2</sup><br /><small>2011</small></b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8"><i>Municipal city</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thủ Đức">Thủ Đức</a></td> <td>34 wards</td> <td>213.5</td> <td>664.655</td> <td>845.924</td> <td>860.006</td> <td>880.109</td> <td>966.201</td> <td>4,122 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8"><i>Urban districts</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_1,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 1, Ho Chi Minh City">District 1</a></td> <td>10 <a href="/wiki/Ward_(Vietnam)" title="Ward (Vietnam)">wards</a></td> <td>7.73</td> <td>198,032</td> <td>180,225</td> <td>187,435</td> <td>185,715</td> <td>193,632</td> <td>24,025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_3,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 3, Ho Chi Minh City">District 3</a></td> <td>14 wards</td> <td>4.92</td> <td>201,122</td> <td>190,553</td> <td>188,945</td> <td>188,898</td> <td>196,333</td> <td>38,393 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_4,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 4, Ho Chi Minh City">District 4</a></td> <td>15 wards</td> <td>4.18</td> <td>180,548</td> <td>180,980</td> <td>183,261</td> <td>183,043</td> <td>186,727</td> <td>43,790 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_5,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 5, Ho Chi Minh City">District 5</a></td> <td>15 wards</td> <td>4.27</td> <td>170,367</td> <td>171,452</td> <td>174,154</td> <td>175,217</td> <td>178,615</td> <td>41,034 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_6,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 6, Ho Chi Minh City">District 6</a></td> <td>14 wards</td> <td>7.19</td> <td>241,379</td> <td>249,329</td> <td>253,474</td> <td>251,902</td> <td>258,945</td> <td>35,035 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_7,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 7, Ho Chi Minh City">District 7</a></td> <td>10 wards</td> <td>35.69</td> <td>159,490</td> <td>244,276</td> <td>274,828</td> <td>265,997</td> <td>310,178</td> <td>7,453 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_8,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 8, Ho Chi Minh City">District 8</a></td> <td>16 wards</td> <td>19.18</td> <td>360,722</td> <td>408,772</td> <td>418,961</td> <td>421,547</td> <td>431,969</td> <td>21,978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_10,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 10, Ho Chi Minh City">District 10</a></td> <td>15 wards</td> <td>5.72</td> <td>235,231</td> <td>230,345</td> <td>232,450</td> <td>234,188</td> <td>238,558</td> <td>40,942 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_11,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 11, Ho Chi Minh City">District 11</a></td> <td>16 wards</td> <td>5.14</td> <td>224,785</td> <td>226,854</td> <td>232,536</td> <td>234,293</td> <td>230,596</td> <td>45,582 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_12,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 12, Ho Chi Minh City">District 12</a></td> <td>11 wards</td> <td>52.78</td> <td>290.129</td> <td>405,360</td> <td>427,083</td> <td>451,737</td> <td>510,326</td> <td>8,589 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B2_V%E1%BA%A5p_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gò Vấp District">Gò Vấp District</a></td> <td>16 wards</td> <td>19.74</td> <td>452,083</td> <td>522,690</td> <td>548,145</td> <td>561,068</td> <td>634,146</td> <td>28,423 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2n_B%C3%ACnh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tân Bình District">Tân Bình District</a></td> <td>15 wards</td> <td>22.38</td> <td>397,569</td> <td>421,724</td> <td>430,436</td> <td>430,350</td> <td>459,029</td> <td>19,229 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2n_Ph%C3%BA_District,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Tân Phú District, Ho Chi Minh City">Tân Phú District</a></td> <td>11 wards</td> <td>16.06</td> <td>366,399</td> <td>398,102</td> <td>407,924</td> <td>419,227</td> <td>464,493</td> <td>26,103 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Th%E1%BA%A1nh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bình Thạnh District">Bình Thạnh District</a></td> <td>20 wards</td> <td>20.76</td> <td>423,896</td> <td>457,362</td> <td>470,054</td> <td>479,733</td> <td>487,985</td> <td>23,109 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Nhu%E1%BA%ADn_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Phú Nhuận District">Phú Nhuận District</a></td> <td>15 wards</td> <td>4.88</td> <td>175,293</td> <td>174,535</td> <td>175,175</td> <td>175,631</td> <td>182,477</td> <td>35,990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_T%C3%A2n_District,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Bình Tân District, Ho Chi Minh City">Bình Tân District</a></td> <td>10 wards</td> <td>51.89</td> <td>398,712</td> <td>572,132</td> <td>595,335</td> <td>611,170</td> <td>686,474</td> <td>11,778 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #d4d4d4;"> <td><b>Total urban districts and municipal city</b></td> <td><b>249 wards</b></td> <td><b>496.04</b></td> <td><b>5,140,412</b></td> <td><b>5,880,615</b></td> <td><b>6,060,202</b></td> <td><b>6,149,817</b></td> <td><b>6.508.647</b></td> <td><b>12,398</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8"><i>Districts</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%A7_Chi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Củ Chi District">Củ Chi District</a></td> <td>20 <a href="/wiki/Rural_commune_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural commune (Vietnam)">communes</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Commune-level_town_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commune-level town (Vietnam)">township</a></td> <td>434.5</td> <td>288,279</td> <td>343,155</td> <td>355,822</td> <td>362,454</td> <td>403,038</td> <td>834 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3c_M%C3%B4n_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hóc Môn District">Hóc Môn District</a></td> <td>11 communes, 1 township</td> <td>109.18</td> <td>245,381</td> <td>349,065</td> <td>358,640</td> <td>363,171</td> <td>422,471</td> <td>3326 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Ch%C3%A1nh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bình Chánh District">Bình Chánh District</a></td> <td>15 communes, 1 township</td> <td>252.69</td> <td>304,168</td> <td>420,109</td> <td>447,291</td> <td>465,248</td> <td>591,451</td> <td>1841 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_B%C3%A8_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhà Bè District">Nhà Bè District</a></td> <td>6 communes, 1 township</td> <td>100.41</td> <td>72,740</td> <td>101,074</td> <td>103,793</td> <td>109,949</td> <td>139,225</td> <td>1095 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Gi%E1%BB%9D_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Cần Giờ District">Cần Giờ District</a></td> <td>6 communes, 1 township</td> <td>704.22</td> <td>66,272</td> <td>68,846</td> <td>70,697</td> <td>70,499</td> <td>74,960</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #d4d4d4;"> <td><b>Total (suburban) districts</b></td> <td><b>58 communes, 5 townships</b></td> <td><b>1,601</b></td> <td><b>976,839</b></td> <td><b>1,282,249</b></td> <td><b>1,336,244</b></td> <td><b>1,371,321</b></td> <td><b>1.631.145</b></td> <td><b>857</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background: silver;"> <td><b>Whole city</b></td> <td><b>249 wards, 58 communes, 5 townships</b></td> <td><b>2,097.06</b></td> <td><b>6,117,251</b></td> <td><b>7,162,864</b></td> <td><b>7,396,446</b></td> <td><b>7,521,138</b></td> <td><b>8.072.129</b></td> <td><b>3,587</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #D3D3D3;" colspan="9"><b>Historical population</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Area km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Person/km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th>Urban </th> <th>Rural </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #D3D3D3;" colspan="9"><b>Census</b><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1999</td> <td style="text-align:center">-</td> <td style="text-align:right">5,034,058</td> <td style="text-align:center">-</td> <td>4,207,825</td> <td style="text-align: right">826,233 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004</td> <td style="text-align:center">-</td> <td style="text-align:right">6,117,251</td> <td style="text-align:center">-</td> <td>5,140,412</td> <td style="text-align: right">976,839 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td style="text-align:center">2,097.1</td> <td style="text-align:right">7,162,864</td> <td style="text-align:center">3,416</td> <td>5,880,615</td> <td>1,282,249 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td style="text-align:center">2,061.2</td> <td style="text-align:right">8,993,082</td> <td style="text-align:center">4,363</td> <td>7,127,364</td> <td>1,865,718 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #D3D3D3;" colspan="9"><b>Estimate</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td style="text-align:center">2,095.6</td> <td style="text-align:right">7,346,600</td> <td style="text-align:center">3,506</td> <td>6,114,300</td> <td>1,232,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td style="text-align:center">2,095.6</td> <td style="text-align:right">7,498,400</td> <td style="text-align:center">3,578</td> <td>6,238,000</td> <td>1,260,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td style="text-align:center">2,095.6</td> <td style="text-align:right">7,660,300</td> <td style="text-align:center">3,655</td> <td>6,309,100</td> <td>1,351,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td style="text-align:center">2,095.6</td> <td style="text-align:right">7,820,000</td> <td style="text-align:center">3,732</td> <td>6,479,200</td> <td>1,340,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td style="text-align:center">2,095.5</td> <td style="text-align:right">7,981,900</td> <td style="text-align:center">3,809</td> <td>6,554,700</td> <td>1,427,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td style="text-align:center">2,095.5</td> <td style="text-align:right">8,127,900</td> <td style="text-align:center">3,879</td> <td>6,632,800</td> <td>1,495,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td style="text-align:center">2,061.4</td> <td style="text-align:right">8,287,000</td> <td style="text-align:center">4,020</td> <td>6,733,100</td> <td>1,553,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td style="text-align:center">2,061.2</td> <td style="text-align:right">8,444,600</td> <td style="text-align:center">4,097</td> <td>6,825,300</td> <td>1,619,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="9" style="text-align: center"><b>Sources</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Census2019_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2019-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1995 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,640,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1996 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,747,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1997 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,852,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1998 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,957,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">5,073,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,274,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,454,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2002 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,619,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2003 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,809,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2004 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">6,007,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2005 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,230,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2006 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,483,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,725,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2008 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,946,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2009 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">7,196,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,378,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,517,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,663,800</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2013 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,818,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2014 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">8,244,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+5.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,307,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2016 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,441,902</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,446,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2018 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,843,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2019 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">9,038,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,227,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,166,800</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Tổng cục thống kê Việt Nam<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 80">: 80 </span></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 93">: 93 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dánolonganqacnam_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dánolonganqacnam-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The population of the city, as of the 1 October 2004 census, was 6,117,251 (of which 19 inner districts had 5,140,412 residents and 5 suburban districts had 976,839 inhabitants).<sup id="cite_ref-Statistical_office_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistical_office-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-2007, the city's population was 6,650,942 – with the 19 inner districts home to 5,564,975 residents and the five suburban districts containing 1,085,967 inhabitants. The result of the 2009 Census shows that the city's population was 7,162,864 people,<sup id="cite_ref-gso.gov.vn_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gso.gov.vn-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about 8.34% of the total population of Vietnam, making it the highest population-concentrated city in the country. As of the end of 2012, the total population of the city was 7,750,900 people, an increase of 3.1% from 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-gso_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gso-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an administrative unit, its population is also the largest at the provincial level. According to the 2019 census, Ho Chi Minh City has a population of over 8.9 million within the <a href="/wiki/City_proper" title="City proper">city proper</a> and over 21 million within its <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2019census_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2019census-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's population is expected to grow to 13.9 million by 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population of the city is expanding faster than earlier predictions. In August 2017, the city's mayor, Nguyễn Thành Phong, admitted that previous estimates of 8–10 million were drastic underestimations.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actual population (including those who have not officially registered) was estimated 13 million in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-trithuctre_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trithuctre-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City Metropolitan Area">Ho Chi Minh City Metropolitan Area</a>, a metropolitan area covering most parts of the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_(Vietnam)" title="Southeast (Vietnam)">southeast</a> region plus <a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%81n_Giang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiền Giang Province">Tiền Giang Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Long_An_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Long An Province">Long An Province</a> under planning, will have an area of 30,000 km<sup>2</sup> (12,000 sq mi) with a population of 20 million inhabitants by 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inhabitants of Ho Chi Minh City are usually known as "Saigonese" in English and "dân Sài Gòn" in Vietnamese. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of the population are ethnic Vietnamese (<a href="/wiki/Kinh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinh">Kinh</a>) at about 93.52%. Ho Chi Minh City's largest minority ethnic group are the Chinese (<a href="/wiki/Hoa_people" title="Hoa people">Hoa</a>) with 5.78%. <a href="/wiki/Cholon,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholon, Ho Chi Minh City">Cholon</a> – in District 5 and parts of Districts 6, 10, and 11 – is home to the largest Chinese community in Vietnam. The Hoa (Chinese) speak a number of <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">varieties of Chinese</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a> (Chaozhou), <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a>; smaller numbers also speak <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>. Other ethnic minorities include <a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a> with 0.34%, <a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Cham</a> with 0.1%, as well as a small group of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnamese_Bawean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vietnamese Bawean (page does not exist)">Bawean</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bawean_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Bawean Island">Bawean Island</a> in Indonesia (about 400; as of 2015), they occupy District 1.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various other nationalities including Koreans, Japanese, Americans, South Africans, Filipinos and Britons reside in Ho Chi Minh City, particularly in Thủ Đức and District 7 as expatriate workers.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of April 2009, the city recognises 13 religions and 1,983,048 residents identify as religious people. Buddhism and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Vietnam" title="Catholic Church in Vietnam">Catholicism</a> are the two predominant religions in Ho Chi Minh City. The largest is <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> as it has 1,164,930 followers followed by <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> with 745,283 followers, <a href="/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Caodaism</a> with 31,633 followers, <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> with 27,016 followers, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> with 6,580 followers, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hòa Hảo</a> with 4,894 followers, <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%E1%BB%8Bnh_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_c%C6%B0_s%C4%A9_Ph%E1%BA%ADt_h%E1%BB%99i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tịnh độ cư sĩ Phật hội Việt Nam (page does not exist)">Tịnh độ cư sĩ Phật hội Việt Nam</a> with 1,387 followers, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> with 395 followers, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_T%E1%BB%A9_%E1%BA%A5n_hi%E1%BA%BFu_ngh%C4%A9a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đạo Tứ ấn hiếu nghĩa (page does not exist)">Đạo Tứ ấn hiếu nghĩa</a> with 298 followers, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minh_S%C6%B0_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minh Sư Đạo (page does not exist)">Minh Sư Đạo</a> with 283 followers, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> with 192 followers, <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BB%ADu_S%C6%A1n_K%E1%BB%B3_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương">Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương</a> with 89 followers, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MinhL%C3%BD%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MinhLýĐạo (page does not exist)">Minh Lý Đạo</a> with 67 followers, and the rest are the Saigonese who don't believe in God which is <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg/80px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may need to be rewritten</b> to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit">You can help</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Talk:Ho Chi Minh City">talk page</a> may contain suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The city is the economic center of Vietnam and accounts for a large proportion of the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vietnam" title="Economy of Vietnam">economy of Vietnam</a>. Although the city takes up just 0.6% of the country's land area, it contains 8.34% of the population of Vietnam, 20.2% of its GDP, 27.9% of industrial output and 34.9% of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Direct_Investment" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Direct Investment">FDI</a> projects in the country in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, the city had 4,344,000 labourers, of whom 130,000 are over the labour age norm (in Vietnam, 60 for male and 55 for female workers).<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, <a href="/wiki/GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a> reached $2,800, compared to the country's average level of $1,042.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>General description </th></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>As of June 2006, the city has been home to three export processing zones and twelve industrial parks. Ho Chi Minh City is the leading recipient of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> in Vietnam, with 2,530 FDI projects worth $16.6 billion at the end of 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, the city received over 400 FDI projects worth $3 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-wto_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wto-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>In 2007, the city's GDP was estimated at $14.3 billion, or about $2,180 per capita, up 12.6 percent from 2006 and accounting for 20% of the country's GDP. The GDP adjusted to <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_Power_Parity" class="mw-redirect" title="Purchasing Power Parity">Purchasing Power Parity</a> (PPP) reached $71.5 billion, or about $10,870 per capita (approximately three times higher than the country's average). The city's Industrial Product Value was $6.4 billion, equivalent to 30% of the value of the entire nation. Export – Import Turnover through HCMC ports accounted for $36 billion, or 40% of the national total, of which export revenue reached $18.3 billion (40% of Vietnam's total export revenues). In 2007, Ho Chi Minh City's contribution to the annual revenues in the national budget increased by 30 percent, accounting for about 20.5 percent of total revenues. The consumption demand of Ho Chi Minh City is higher than other <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Vietnamese provinces and municipalities</a> and 1.5 times higher than that of <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="archived too late: already dead (June 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>In 2008, it attracted $8.5 billion in FDI.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, the city's GDP was estimated at $20.902 billion, or about $2,800 per capita, up 11.8 percent from 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>By the end of 2012, the city's GDP was estimated around $28,595 billion <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (March 2014)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ho_Chi_Minh_City#Dubious" title="Talk:Ho Chi Minh City">discuss</a></i>]</sup>, or about $3,700 per capita, up 9.2 percent from 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Total trade (export and import) reached $47.7 billion, with export at $21.57 billion and import $26.14 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-gso_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gso-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>In 2013, GDP of the city grew 7.6% by Q1, 8.1% by Q2, and 10.3% by the end of Q3. By the end of 2013, the city's GDP grew 9.3%, with GDP per capita reaching $4,500.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>By the end of 2014, the city's GDP grew 9.5%, with GDP per capita reaching $5,100.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>The city's economic performance transcended 6%, at 7.84% from 2016-2019 and 2016-2020; the town grew at 6,59%.  Its performance assists the city in reaching the GDP per capita at $6.328;<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, it yielded the preferred growth at $9.800 per capita due to the repercussion result of Covid-19.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sectors">Sectors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SaigonPort1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/SaigonPort1.JPG/220px-SaigonPort1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/SaigonPort1.JPG/330px-SaigonPort1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/SaigonPort1.JPG/440px-SaigonPort1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saigon_Port" title="Saigon Port">Saigon Port</a> is one of five major ports in Vietnam, and is among the busiest container ports in the world.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saigon_Hi-Tech_Park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Saigon_Hi-Tech_Park.JPG/220px-Saigon_Hi-Tech_Park.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Saigon_Hi-Tech_Park.JPG/330px-Saigon_Hi-Tech_Park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Saigon_Hi-Tech_Park.JPG/440px-Saigon_Hi-Tech_Park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Hi-tech_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City Hi-tech Park">Hi-tech Park</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/District_9,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 9, Ho Chi Minh City">District 9</a>, is one of Vietnam's two national hi-tech parks.</figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of the city consists of industries ranging from mining, seafood processing, agriculture, and construction, to tourism, finance, industry and trade. The state-owned sector makes up 33.3% of the economy, the private sector 4.6%, and the remainder in foreign investment. Concerning its economic structure, the service sector accounts for 51.1%, industry and construction account for 47.7% and forestry, agriculture and others make up just 1.2%.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city and its ports are part of the <a href="/wiki/21st_Century_Maritime_Silk_Road" title="21st Century Maritime Silk Road">21st Century Maritime Silk Road</a> that runs from the Chinese coast via the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region of <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> with its rail connections to <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Quang_Trung_Software_Park,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Quang Trung Software Park, Ho Chi Minh City">Quang Trung Software Park</a> is a software park situated in District 12. The park is approximately 15 km (9 mi) from downtown Ho Chi Minh City and hosts software enterprises as well as dot.com companies. The park also includes a software training school. Dot.com investors here are supplied with other facilities and services such as residences and high-speed access to the internet as well as favorable taxation. Together with the <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Hi-tech_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City Hi-tech Park">Hi-Tech Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thủ Đức">Thủ Đức</a>, and the 32 ha. software park inside Tân Thuận Export Processing Zone in District 7 of the city, Ho Chi Minh City aims to become an important hi-tech city in the country and the South-East Asia region. </p><p>This park helps the city in particular and Vietnam in general to become an outsourcing location for other enterprises in developed countries, as India has done. Some 300,000 businesses, including many large enterprises, are involved in high-tech, electronic, processing and light industries, and also in construction, building materials and agricultural products. Additionally, crude oil is a popular economic base in the city. Investors are still pouring money into the city. Total local private investment was 160 billion <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Vietnamese đồng"><i>đồng</i></a> (US$7.5 million)<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 18,500 newly founded companies. Investment trends to high technology, services and real estate projects.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As of June 2006, the city had three export processing zones and twelve industrial parks, in addition to Quang Trung Software Park and Ho Chi Minh City hi-tech park. <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> has invested about 1 billion dollars in a factory in the city. More than fifty banks with hundreds of branches and about 20 insurance companies are also located inside the city. The <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Stock_Exchange" title="Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a>, the first stock exchange in Vietnam, was opened in 2001. There are 171 medium and large-scale markets as well as several supermarket chains, shopping malls, and fashion and beauty centers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On Vietnam's Provincial Competitiveness Index 2023, a key tool for evaluating the business environment in Vietnam’s provinces, Ho Chi Minh City received a score of 67.19.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a fall from 2022 in which the province received a score of 65.86. In 2023, the province received its highest scores on the 'Time Costs' and 'Law and Order' criterion and lowest on 'Access To Land' and 'Policy Bias'.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urbanisation">Urbanisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Urbanisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DJI_0212-HDR-Pano_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/DJI_0212-HDR-Pano_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-DJI_0212-HDR-Pano_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/DJI_0212-HDR-Pano_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-DJI_0212-HDR-Pano_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/DJI_0212-HDR-Pano_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-DJI_0212-HDR-Pano_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3997" data-file-height="3833" /></a><figcaption>Ho Chi Minh City has a high concentration of skyscrapers as a result of urbanisation. The <a href="/wiki/Landmark_81" title="Landmark 81">Landmark 81</a> is the tallest building in Vietnam.</figcaption></figure> <p>With a population now of 8,382,287 (as of Census 2010 on 1 April 2010)<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (registered residents plus migrant workers as well as a metropolitan population of 10 million), the city needs increased public infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistical_office_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistical_office-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To this end, the city and central governments have embarked on an effort to develop new urban centres. The two most prominent projects are the Thủ Thiêm city centre in District 2 and the Phú Mỹ Hưng Urban Area, a new city centre in District 7 (as part of the Saigon South project) where various international schools such as <a href="/wiki/Saigon_South_International_School" title="Saigon South International School">Saigon South International School</a> and Australian <a href="/wiki/RMIT_International_University,_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="RMIT International University, Vietnam">Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology</a> are located. In December 2007, Phú Mỹ Hưng's new City Centre completed the 17.8 km (11.1 mi) 10–14 lane wide Nguyễn Văn Linh Boulevard linking the Saigon port areas, Tân Thuận Export Processing Zone to the National Highway 1 and the <a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a> area. In November 2008, a brand new trade centre, Saigon Exhibition and Convention Centre, also opened its doors. Other projects include Grandview, Waterfront, Sky Garden, Riverside and Phú Gia 99. Phú Mỹ Hưng's new City Centre received the first Model New City Award from the Vietnamese Ministry of Construction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <p>In 2007, three million foreign tourists, about 70% of the total number of tourists to Vietnam, visited the city. Total cargo transport to city's ports reached 50.5 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nearly one-third of the total for Vietnam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ho Chi Minh City has many architecturally notable buildings from different styles and time periods. French influence during the colonial era can be seen throughout the city, especially in District 1 where a number of buildings can be found. Notable buildings of <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_architecture" title="French colonial architecture">French colonial architecture</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Hall" title="Ho Chi Minh City Hall">Ho Chi Minh City Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saigon_Central_Post_Office" title="Saigon Central Post Office">Saigon Central Post Office</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Cathedral_Basilica_of_Saigon" title="Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon">Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%BFn_Th%C3%A0nh_Market" title="Bến Thành Market">Bến Thành Market</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FrenchArchitecture_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrenchArchitecture-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from its French architecture, Ho Chi Minh City is also home to a number of buildings inspired by <a href="/wiki/Chinese_architecture" title="Chinese architecture">Chinese architecture</a>. Notable buildings are mostly found in <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A3_L%E1%BB%9Bn" title="Chợ Lớn">Chợ Lớn</a>, where many <a href="/wiki/Hoa_people" title="Hoa people">Hoa people</a> reside. These include the <a href="/wiki/Thien_Hau_Temple_(Cholon)" title="Thien Hau Temple (Cholon)">Thien Hau Temple</a>, which was first built around 1760, making it one of the oldest historic buildings still standing in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Republic of Vietnam era, Vietnamese modernist architecture began to develop in the city. Prominent buildings which were commissioned during this time include the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Palace" title="Independence Palace">Independence Palace</a>, replacing the former <a href="/wiki/Saigon_Governor%27s_Palace" title="Saigon Governor's Palace">Independence Palace</a> which was of <a href="/wiki/Baroque_Revival_architecture" title="Baroque Revival architecture">Baroque Revival architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_gardens">Parks and gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Parks and gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parque_Tao_Dan,_Ciudad_Ho_Chi_Minh,_Vietnam,_2013-08-15,_DD_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Parque_Tao_Dan%2C_Ciudad_Ho_Chi_Minh%2C_Vietnam%2C_2013-08-15%2C_DD_03.JPG/220px-Parque_Tao_Dan%2C_Ciudad_Ho_Chi_Minh%2C_Vietnam%2C_2013-08-15%2C_DD_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Parque_Tao_Dan%2C_Ciudad_Ho_Chi_Minh%2C_Vietnam%2C_2013-08-15%2C_DD_03.JPG/330px-Parque_Tao_Dan%2C_Ciudad_Ho_Chi_Minh%2C_Vietnam%2C_2013-08-15%2C_DD_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Parque_Tao_Dan%2C_Ciudad_Ho_Chi_Minh%2C_Vietnam%2C_2013-08-15%2C_DD_03.JPG/440px-Parque_Tao_Dan%2C_Ciudad_Ho_Chi_Minh%2C_Vietnam%2C_2013-08-15%2C_DD_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5315" data-file-height="3624" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tao_Dan_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Tao Dan Park">Tao Đàn Park</a> is one of the largest and oldest parks in Ho Chi Minh City.</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite the city's high building density, Ho Chi Minh City has a number of large parks. One of the largest and most popular parks is <a href="/wiki/Tao_Dan_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Tao Dan Park">Tao Đàn Park</a>, located next to the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Palace" title="Independence Palace">Independence Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/District_1,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 1, Ho Chi Minh City">District 1, Ho Chi Minh City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other parks in District 1 include the September 23rd Park and <a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">30/4 Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Saigon_Zoo_and_Botanical_Gardens" title="Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens">Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens</a>, located on the northern end of District 1, is one of the world's oldest zoos and botanical gardens. It contains a collection of over 600 rare animals and about 4,000 plant species, some of which are over 100 years in age.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pedestrian_zones">Pedestrian zones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Pedestrian zones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Hu%E1%BB%87_Boulevard" title="Nguyễn Huệ Boulevard">Nguyễn Huệ Boulevard</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">pedestrian street</a> in Ho Chi Minh City. It opened to the public in April 2015, and is a popular spot for locals and visitors to gather.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many events are held in the precinct throughout the year, including the annual flower festival during <a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt" title="Tết">Tết</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bui Vien Walking Street is also well-known in Ho Chi Minh City due to its status as a hub for western backpackers and tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bui Vien Street, also known as “Western Street” (Pho Tay), is a backpacker district in Ho Chi Minh City that offers a variety of restaurants, coffee shops, hotels, live music pubs, and rooftop bars. Before becoming a walking street, Bui Vien Street was a popular destination for backpackers to have fun, try unfamiliar cuisines, and explore new places during their trip to Ho Chi Minh City.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ho_Chi_Minh_City,_Nguyen_Hue_Street,_2020-01_CN-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nguyễn Huệ Boulevard"><img alt="Nguyễn Huệ Boulevard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_Nguyen_Hue_Street%2C_2020-01_CN-02.jpg/197px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_Nguyen_Hue_Street%2C_2020-01_CN-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_Nguyen_Hue_Street%2C_2020-01_CN-02.jpg/296px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_Nguyen_Hue_Street%2C_2020-01_CN-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_Nguyen_Hue_Street%2C_2020-01_CN-02.jpg/394px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City%2C_Nguyen_Hue_Street%2C_2020-01_CN-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4054" data-file-height="2470" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Hu%E1%BB%87_Boulevard" title="Nguyễn Huệ Boulevard">Nguyễn Huệ Boulevard</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport<span class="anchor" id="transportation"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport.jpg/220px-Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport.jpg/330px-Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport.jpg/440px-Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport is the busiest airport in Vietnam.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is served by <a href="/wiki/Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport" title="Tan Son Nhat International Airport">Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport</a>, the largest airport in Vietnam in terms of passengers handled (with an estimated number of over 15.5 million passengers per year in 2010, accounting for more than half of Vietnam's air passenger traffic<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). <a href="/wiki/Long_Thanh_International_Airport" title="Long Thanh International Airport">Long Thành International Airport</a> is scheduled to begin operating in 2025. Based in <a href="/wiki/Long_Th%C3%A0nh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Thành District">Long Thành District</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Nai_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Đồng Nai Province">Đồng Nai Province</a>, about 40 km (25 mi) east of Ho Chi Minh City, Long Thành Airport will serve international flights, with a maximum traffic capacity of 100 million passengers per year when fully completed; Tân Sơn Nhất Airport will serve domestic flights.<sup id="cite_ref-airportnews_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-airportnews-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is also a terminal for many <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Railways" title="Vietnam Railways">Vietnam Railways</a> train routes in the country. The <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Railway_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="North–South Railway (Vietnam)">Reunification Express</a> (tàu Thống Nhất) runs from Saigon to Hanoi from <a href="/wiki/Saigon_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Saigon Railway Station">Saigon Railway Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/District_3,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 3, Ho Chi Minh City">District 3</a>, with stops at cities and provinces along the line.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the city, the two main stations are Sóng Thần and Sài Gòn. In addition, there are several smaller stations such as Dĩ An, Thủ Đức, Bình Triệu, Gò Vấp. However, rail transport is not fully developed and presently comprises only 0.6% of passenger traffic and 6% of goods shipments.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_transport">Water transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Water transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's location on the <a href="/wiki/Saigon_River" title="Saigon River">Saigon River</a> makes it a bustling commercial and passenger port; besides a constant stream of cargo ships, passenger boats operate regularly between Ho Chi Minh City and various destinations in Southern Vietnam and Cambodia, including <a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u" title="Vũng Tàu">Vũng Tàu</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%A1" title="Cần Thơ">Cần Thơ</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a>. Traffic between Ho Chi Minh City and Vietnam's southern provinces has steadily increased over the years; the Đôi and Tẻ Canals, the main routes to the Mekong Delta, receive 100,000 waterway vehicles every year, representing around 13 million tons of cargo. A project to dredge these routes has been approved to facilitate transport, to be implemented in 2011–14.<sup id="cite_ref-waterway-expand_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waterway-expand-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Saigon_Waterbus" title="Saigon Waterbus">Saigon Waterbus</a> launched, connecting <a href="/wiki/District_1,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 1, Ho Chi Minh City">District 1</a> to <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thủ Đức">Thu Duc City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metro">Metro</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Metro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City Metro">Ho Chi Minh City Metro</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> network, is being built in stages. The first line is under construction, and expected to be fully operational by 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Line_1,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 1, Ho Chi Minh City Metro">first line</a> will connect <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%BFn_Th%C3%A0nh_station" title="Bến Thành station">Bến Thành</a> to <a href="/wiki/Suoi_Tien_Amusement_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Suoi Tien Amusement Park">Suối Tiên Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/District_9,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 9, Ho Chi Minh City">District 9</a>, with a depot in Long Bình. Planners expect the route to serve more than 160,000 passengers daily.<sup id="cite_ref-railwaytech_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railwaytech-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A line between Bến Thành and Tham Lương in <a href="/wiki/District_12,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 12, Ho Chi Minh City">District 12</a> has been approved by the government,<sup id="cite_ref-secondlineapproved_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-secondlineapproved-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and several more lines are the subject of ongoing feasibility studies.<sup id="cite_ref-railwaytech_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railwaytech-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bus">Bus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public buses run on many routes and tickets can be purchased on the bus. The city has a number of coach houses, which house <a href="/wiki/Coach_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach bus">coach buses</a> to and from other areas in Vietnam. The largest coach station – in terms of passengers handled – is the <a href="/wiki/Mien_Dong_Coach_Station" title="Mien Dong Coach Station">Miền Đông Coach Station</a> in the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Th%E1%BA%A1nh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bình Thạnh District">Bình Thạnh District</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_transport">Private transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Private transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main means of transport within the city are motorbikes, cars, buses, taxis, and bicycles. Motorbikes remain the most common way to move around the city. Taxis are plentiful and usually have metres, although it is also common to agree on a price before taking a long trip, for example, from the airport to the city centre. For short trips, "<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">xe ôm</i></span>" (literally, "hug vehicle") motorcycle taxis are available throughout the city, usually congregating at a major intersection. You can also book motorcycle and car taxis through ride-hailing apps like <a href="/wiki/Grab_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grab (company)">Grab</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=GoJek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GoJek (page does not exist)">GoJek</a>. A popular activity for tourists is a tour of the city on <a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">cyclos</a>, which allow for longer trips at a more relaxed pace. For the last few years, cars have become more popular.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are approximately 340,000 cars and 3.5 million motorcycles in the city, which is almost double compared with Hanoi.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The growing number of cars tend to cause gridlock and contribute to air pollution. The government has called out motorcycles as the reason for the congestion and has developed plans to reduce the number of motorcycles and to improve public transport.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expressway">Expressway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Expressway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%E2%80%93Trung_Luong_Expressway" title="Ho Chi Minh City–Trung Luong Expressway">Ho Chi Minh City–Trung Luong Expressway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City%E2%80%93Long_Thanh%E2%80%93Dau_Giay_Expressway" title="Ho Chi Minh City–Long Thanh–Dau Giay Expressway">Ho Chi Minh City–Long Thanh–Dau Giay Expressway</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C%E1%BA%A7u_Long_Th%C3%A0nh,_%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_cao_t%E1%BB%91c_TP.HCM_-_Long_Th%C3%A0nh_-_D%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%C3%A2y.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/C%E1%BA%A7u_Long_Th%C3%A0nh%2C_%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_cao_t%E1%BB%91c_TP.HCM_-_Long_Th%C3%A0nh_-_D%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%C3%A2y.JPG/220px-C%E1%BA%A7u_Long_Th%C3%A0nh%2C_%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_cao_t%E1%BB%91c_TP.HCM_-_Long_Th%C3%A0nh_-_D%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%C3%A2y.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/C%E1%BA%A7u_Long_Th%C3%A0nh%2C_%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_cao_t%E1%BB%91c_TP.HCM_-_Long_Th%C3%A0nh_-_D%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%C3%A2y.JPG/330px-C%E1%BA%A7u_Long_Th%C3%A0nh%2C_%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_cao_t%E1%BB%91c_TP.HCM_-_Long_Th%C3%A0nh_-_D%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%C3%A2y.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/C%E1%BA%A7u_Long_Th%C3%A0nh%2C_%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_cao_t%E1%BB%91c_TP.HCM_-_Long_Th%C3%A0nh_-_D%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%C3%A2y.JPG/440px-C%E1%BA%A7u_Long_Th%C3%A0nh%2C_%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_cao_t%E1%BB%91c_TP.HCM_-_Long_Th%C3%A0nh_-_D%E1%BA%A7u_Gi%C3%A2y.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2456" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_%E2%80%93_Long_Thanh_%E2%80%93_Dau_Giay_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City – Long Thanh – Dau Giay Expressway">HCMC-LT-DG Expressway</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city has two expressways making up the <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Expressway_East" title="North–South Expressway East">North-South Expressway</a> system, connecting the city with other provinces. </p><p>The first expressway is <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_-_Trung_Luong_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City - Trung Luong Expressway">Ho Chi Minh City - Trung Lương Expressway</a>, opened in 2010, connecting Ho Chi Minh City with <a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%81n_Giang_province" title="Tiền Giang province">Tiền Giang</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second one is <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_-_Long_Thanh_-_Dau_Giay_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City - Long Thanh - Dau Giay Expressway">Ho Chi Minh City - Long Thành - Dầu Giây Expressway</a>, opened in 2015, connecting the city with <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Nai_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Đồng Nai Province">Đồng Nai</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0_R%E1%BB%8Ba%E2%80%93V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u_province" title="Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province">Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_(Vietnam)" title="Southeast (Vietnam)">Southeast of Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City_-_Long_Khanh_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ho Chi Minh City - Long Khanh Expressway (page does not exist)">Ho Chi Minh City - Long Khánh Expressway</a> is under planning and will be constructed in the near future. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The health care system of the city is relatively developed with a chain of about 100 government owned hospitals or medical centres and dozens of international facilities,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as privately owned clinics.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistical_office_68-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistical_office-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1,400-bed <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A3_R%E1%BA%ABy_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Chợ Rẫy Hospital">Chợ Rẫy Hospital</a>, upgraded by Japanese aid and the French-sponsored Institute of Cardiology, Prima Saigon Eye Hospital (<a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a>), a member of <a href="/wiki/World_Association_of_Eye_Hospitals" title="World Association of Eye Hospitals">World Association of Eye Hospitals</a><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/City_International_Hospital" title="City International Hospital">City International Hospital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franco-Vietnamese_Hospital" title="Franco-Vietnamese Hospital">Franco-Vietnamese Hospital</a> are among the top medical facilities in the South-East Asia region. Ho Chi Minh City is the epicenter of medical tourism in Vietnam. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align: center;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Renowned Hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benh_vien_Cho_Ray_-ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_12,_Qu%E1%BA%ADn_5,_TPHCM,_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chợ Rẫy Hospital is the largest tertiary care hospital in Ho Chi Minh City and the South of Vietnam."><img alt="Chợ Rẫy Hospital is the largest tertiary care hospital in Ho Chi Minh City and the South of Vietnam." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Benh_vien_Cho_Ray_-ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_12%2C_Qu%E1%BA%ADn_5%2C_TPHCM%2C_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_panoramio.jpg/300px-Benh_vien_Cho_Ray_-ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_12%2C_Qu%E1%BA%ADn_5%2C_TPHCM%2C_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Benh_vien_Cho_Ray_-ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_12%2C_Qu%E1%BA%ADn_5%2C_TPHCM%2C_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_panoramio.jpg/451px-Benh_vien_Cho_Ray_-ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_12%2C_Qu%E1%BA%ADn_5%2C_TPHCM%2C_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Benh_vien_Cho_Ray_-ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_12%2C_Qu%E1%BA%ADn_5%2C_TPHCM%2C_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_panoramio.jpg/600px-Benh_vien_Cho_Ray_-ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_12%2C_Qu%E1%BA%ADn_5%2C_TPHCM%2C_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cho_Ray_Hospital" title="Cho Ray Hospital">Chợ Rẫy Hospital</a> is the largest tertiary care hospital in Ho Chi Minh City and the South of Vietnam.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 249.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 247.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:City_International_Hospital_Vietnam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="City International Hospital is the leading International Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City and Vietnam [130]"><img alt="City International Hospital is the leading International Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City and Vietnam [130]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/City_International_Hospital_Vietnam.jpg/371px-City_International_Hospital_Vietnam.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/City_International_Hospital_Vietnam.jpg/557px-City_International_Hospital_Vietnam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/City_International_Hospital_Vietnam.jpg/741px-City_International_Hospital_Vietnam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/City_International_Hospital" title="City International Hospital">City International Hospital</a> is the leading International Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prima_Medical_Center_Saigon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prima Saigon Eye Hospital, the first Vietnam member of World Association of Eye Hospitals"><img alt="Prima Saigon Eye Hospital, the first Vietnam member of World Association of Eye Hospitals" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Prima_Medical_Center_Saigon.jpg/301px-Prima_Medical_Center_Saigon.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Prima_Medical_Center_Saigon.jpg/451px-Prima_Medical_Center_Saigon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Prima_Medical_Center_Saigon.jpg/601px-Prima_Medical_Center_Saigon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="767" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prima Saigon Eye Hospital, the first Vietnam member of <a href="/wiki/World_Association_of_Eye_Hospitals" title="World Association of Eye Hospitals">World Association of Eye Hospitals</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FV_hospital.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Franco-Vietnamese Hospital in District 7, Ho Chi Minh City."><img alt="Franco-Vietnamese Hospital in District 7, Ho Chi Minh City." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/FV_hospital.JPG/300px-FV_hospital.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/FV_hospital.JPG/451px-FV_hospital.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/FV_hospital.JPG/600px-FV_hospital.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Franco-Vietnamese_Hospital" title="Franco-Vietnamese Hospital">Franco-Vietnamese Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/District_7,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 7, Ho Chi Minh City">District 7</a>, Ho Chi Minh City.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="List of schools in Ho Chi Minh City">List of schools in Ho Chi Minh City</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_schools">High schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: High schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable high schools in the city include <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_H%E1%BB%93ng_Phong_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Lê Hồng Phong High School">Lê Hồng Phong High School for the Gifted</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_School_for_the_Gifted" class="mw-redirect" title="High School for the Gifted">Phổ Thông Năng Khiếu High School for the Gifted</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Ngh%C4%A9a_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Trần Đại Nghĩa High School">Trần Đại Nghĩa High School for the Gifted</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_Hi%E1%BB%81n_High_School" title="Nguyễn Thượng Hiền High School">Nguyễn Thượng Hiền High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%E1%BB%8B_Minh_Khai_High_School" title="Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai High School">Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai High School</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gia_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gia Định High School (page does not exist)">Gia Định High School</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Trung_h%E1%BB%8Dc_ph%E1%BB%95_th%C3%B4ng_Gia_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh,_Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh" class="extiw" title="vi:Trường Trung học phổ thông Gia Định, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh">vi</a>]</sup>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%AA_Qu%C3%BD_%C4%90%C3%B4n_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lê Quý Đôn High School (page does not exist)">Lê Quý Đôn High School</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Trung_h%E1%BB%8Dc_ph%E1%BB%95_th%C3%B4ng_L%C3%AA_Qu%C3%BD_%C4%90%C3%B4n,_Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh" class="extiw" title="vi:Trường Trung học phổ thông Lê Quý Đôn, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh">vi</a>]</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie_High_School" title="Marie Curie High School">Marie Curie High School</a>, Võ Thị Sáu High School, Trần Phú High School and others. Though the former schools are all public, private education is also available in Ho Chi Minh City. High school consists of grade 10–12 (sophomore, junior, and senior).<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_public_high_schools_(non-exhaustive)"><span id="List_of_public_high_schools_.28non-exhaustive.29"></span>List of public high schools (non-exhaustive)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: List of public high schools (non-exhaustive)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_School_for_the_Gifted" class="mw-redirect" title="High School for the Gifted">VNUHCM High School for the Gifted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_H%E1%BB%93ng_Phong_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Lê Hồng Phong High School">Lê Hồng Phong High School for the Gifted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Ngh%C4%A9a_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Trần Đại Nghĩa High School">Trần Đại Nghĩa High School for the Gifted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_Hi%E1%BB%81n_High_School" title="Nguyễn Thượng Hiền High School">Nguyễn Thượng Hiền High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Th%E1%BB%8B_Minh_Khai_High_School" title="Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai High School">Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai High School</a></li> <li>Bùi Thị Xuân High School</li> <li>Phú Nhuận High School</li> <li>Trần Phú High School</li> <li>Bình Phú High School</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gia_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gia Định High School (page does not exist)">Gia Định High School</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Trung_h%E1%BB%8Dc_ph%E1%BB%95_th%C3%B4ng_Gia_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh,_Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh" class="extiw" title="vi:Trường Trung học phổ thông Gia Định, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh">vi</a>]</sup></li> <li>Mạc Đĩnh Chi High School</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%AA_Qu%C3%BD_%C4%90%C3%B4n_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lê Quý Đôn High School (page does not exist)">Lê Quý Đôn High School</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Trung_h%E1%BB%8Dc_ph%E1%BB%95_th%C3%B4ng_L%C3%AA_Qu%C3%BD_%C4%90%C3%B4n,_Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh" class="extiw" title="vi:Trường Trung học phổ thông Lê Quý Đôn, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh">vi</a>]</sup></li> <li>Nguyễn Du Secondary School</li> <li>Nguyễn Hữu Cầu High School</li> <li>Nguyễn Hữu Huân High School</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie_High_School" title="Marie Curie High School">Marie Curie High School</a></li> <li>Võ Thị Sáu High School</li> <li>Võ Trường Toản High School</li> <li>Hùng Vương High School</li> <li>Chu Văn An High School</li> <li>Trưng Vương High School</li> <li>Lương Thế Vinh High School</li> <li>Trần Khai Nguyên High School</li> <li>Ten Lơ Man High School</li> <li>Nguyễn Trãi High School</li> <li>Nguyễn Khuyến High School</li> <li>Nguyễn Du High School</li> <li>Nguyễn Công Trứ High School</li> <li>Trần Hưng Đạo High School</li> <li>Nguyễn Chí Thanh High School</li> <li>Nguyễn Thái Bình High School</li> <li>Thủ Đức High School</li> <li>Nguyễn Văn Cừ High School</li> <li>Nguyễn Thị Diệu High School</li> <li>Ernst Thalmann High School</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_S._Ting_Memorial_School" title="Lawrence S. Ting Memorial School">Lawrence S. Ting Memorial School</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_high_schools_offering_Vietnamese_or_dual_foreign-Vietnamese_curricula_(non-exhaustive)"><span id="Private_high_schools_offering_Vietnamese_or_dual_foreign-Vietnamese_curricula_.28non-exhaustive.29"></span>Private high schools offering <i>Vietnamese</i> or dual <i>foreign-Vietnamese</i> curricula <i>(non-exhaustive)</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Private high schools offering Vietnamese or dual foreign-Vietnamese curricula (non-exhaustive)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pennsylvania American International School</li> <li>Western Australian International School System</li> <li><a href="/wiki/APU_International_School" title="APU International School">APU International School</a></li> <li>Japanese International School</li> <li>Wellspring International Bilingual School Ho Chi Minh City</li> <li>Singapore International School</li> <li>Horizon International Bilingual School</li> <li>Vinschool</li> <li>EMASI International Bilingual School</li> <li>VStar School</li> <li>Horizon International Bilingual School</li> <li>Ngô Thời Nhiệm High School</li> <li>Nguyễn Khuyến High School</li> <li>Khai Trí High School</li> <li>Quang Trung Nguyễn Huệ High School</li> <li>Trí Đức High School</li> <li>Trương Vĩnh Ký High School</li> <li>Vinschool</li> <li>Hồng Hà Secondary-High School</li> <li>Tuệ Đức Pathway School</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_primary_and_secondary_schools_offering_exclusively_foreign_curricula_(non-exhaustive)"><span id="Private_primary_and_secondary_schools_offering_exclusively_foreign_curricula_.28non-exhaustive.29"></span>Private primary and secondary schools offering exclusively foreign curricula<i> (non-exhaustive)</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Private primary and secondary schools offering exclusively foreign curricula (non-exhaustive)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_International_School" title="ABC International School">ABC International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_International_School,_Saigon" title="American International School, Saigon">American International School, Saigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_International_School_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="British International School Ho Chi Minh City">British International School Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Vietnamese_International_School" title="British Vietnamese International School">British Vietnamese International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="International School Ho Chi Minh City">International School Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_Ho_Chi_Minh_City_-_American_Academy" title="International School Ho Chi Minh City - American Academy">International School Ho Chi Minh City - American Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saigon_South_International_School" title="Saigon South International School">Saigon South International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_International_School,_Vietnam" title="Australian International School, Vietnam">Australian International School, Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_International_School_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="European International School Ho Chi Minh City">European International School Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_International_School_Vietnam" title="Canadian International School Vietnam">Canadian International School Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_German_School_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="International German School Ho Chi Minh City">International German School Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_International_School,_HCMC" title="Korean International School, HCMC">Korean International School, HCMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_School_in_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Japanese School in Ho Chi Minh City">Japanese School in Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Fran%C3%A7ais_International_Marguerite_Duras" title="Lycée Français International Marguerite Duras">Lycée Français International Marguerite Duras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saigon_South_International_School" title="Saigon South International School">Saigon South International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei_School_in_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Taipei School in Ho Chi Minh City">Taipei School in Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_International_School_Saigon" title="Renaissance International School Saigon">Renaissance International School Saigon</a></li> <li>Vietnam Finland International School</li> <li>International School of North America</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="List of universities in Ho Chi Minh City">List of universities in Ho Chi Minh City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nh%C3%A0_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u_h%C3%A0nh_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Qu%E1%BB%91c_Gia_TPHCM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nh%C3%A0_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u_h%C3%A0nh_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Qu%E1%BB%91c_Gia_TPHCM.jpg/220px-Nh%C3%A0_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u_h%C3%A0nh_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Qu%E1%BB%91c_Gia_TPHCM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nh%C3%A0_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u_h%C3%A0nh_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Qu%E1%BB%91c_Gia_TPHCM.jpg/330px-Nh%C3%A0_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u_h%C3%A0nh_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Qu%E1%BB%91c_Gia_TPHCM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nh%C3%A0_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u_h%C3%A0nh_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Qu%E1%BB%91c_Gia_TPHCM.jpg/440px-Nh%C3%A0_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u_h%C3%A0nh_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Qu%E1%BB%91c_Gia_TPHCM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, is one of the two national research universities in Vietnam.</figcaption></figure> <p>Higher education in Ho Chi Minh City is a burgeoning industry; the city boasts over 80 universities and colleges with a total of over 400,000 students.<sup id="cite_ref-Statistical_office_68-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistical_office-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable universities include <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_National_University,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City">Vietnam National University</a>, with 50,000 students distributed among six schools; <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_University_of_Technology" title="Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology">The University of Technology</a> (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Đại học Bách khoa</i></span>, formerly Phú Thọ National Center of Technology); <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_University_of_Science" title="Ho Chi Minh City University of Science">The University of Sciences</a> (formerly Saigon College of Sciences); <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_University_of_Social_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Ho Chi Minh City University of Social Sciences and Humanities">The University of Social Sciences and Humanities</a> (formerly Saigon College of Letters); <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_International_University" title="Ho Chi Minh City International University">The International University</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_University_of_Economics_and_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics and Law">The University of Economics and Law</a>; and the newly established <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_University_of_Information_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City University of Information Technology">University of Information Technology</a>. </p><p>Some other important higher education establishments include <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Pedagogical_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City Pedagogical University">University of Pedagogy</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Economics,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Economics, Ho Chi Minh City">University of Economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Architecture_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City Architecture University">University of Architecture</a>, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_University_of_Agriculture_and_Sylviculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City University of Agriculture and Sylviculture">Nong Lam University</a> (formerly University of Agriculture, Forestry and Silviculture), <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_University_of_Law" title="Ho Chi Minh City University of Law">University of Law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technical_Training_University_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical Training University of Ho Chi Minh City">University of Technical Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banking_University_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City">University of Banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Industry" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Industry">University of Industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Open_University" title="Ho Chi Minh City Open University">Open University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sports_and_Physical_Gymnastics_University_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports and Physical Gymnastics University II">University of Sports and Physical Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Fine_Arts_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City Fine Arts University">University of Fine Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_University_of_Culture" title="Ho Chi Minh City University of Culture">University of Culture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Conservatory_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Conservatory of Ho Chi Minh City">Conservatory of Music</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Saigon_Institute_of_Technology" title="Saigon Institute of Technology">Saigon Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C4%83n_Lang_University" title="Văn Lang University">Văn Lang University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saigon_University" title="Saigon University">Saigon University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hoa_Sen_University" title="Hoa Sen University">Hoa Sen University</a>. </p><p>In addition to the above public universities, Ho Chi Minh City is also home to several private universities. One of the most notable is <a href="/w/index.php?title=RMIT_International_University_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RMIT International University Vietnam (page does not exist)">RMIT International University Vietnam</a>, a campus of Australian public research <a href="/wiki/RMIT_University" class="mw-redirect" title="RMIT University">RMIT University</a> with an enrollment of about 6,000 students. Tuition at RMIT is about US$40,000 for an entire course of study.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other private universities include <a href="/wiki/The_Saigon_International_University" class="mw-redirect" title="The Saigon International University">The Saigon International University</a> (or SIU) is another private university run by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_of_Asian_International_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group of Asian International Education (page does not exist)">Group of Asian International Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enrollment at SIU averages about 12,000 students<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the type of program, tuition at SIU costs US$5,000–6,000 per year.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Declared_monuments_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Declared monuments of Ho Chi Minh City">Declared monuments of Ho Chi Minh City</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_buildings_in_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="List of historic buildings in Ho Chi Minh City">List of historic buildings in Ho Chi Minh City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bui_Vien_Walking_Street_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bui_Vien_Walking_Street_1.jpg/220px-Bui_Vien_Walking_Street_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bui_Vien_Walking_Street_1.jpg/330px-Bui_Vien_Walking_Street_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bui_Vien_Walking_Street_1.jpg/440px-Bui_Vien_Walking_Street_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Bùi Viện Walking Street is lined with hotels, coffee shops and bars catering to tourists.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tourist attractions in the city are mainly related to periods of French colonisation and the Vietnam War. The city's centre has some wide American-style boulevards and a few <a href="/wiki/French_colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="French colonial">French colonial</a> buildings. The majority of these tourist spots are located in District 1 and are a short distance from each other. The most prominent structures in the city centre are the <a href="/wiki/Reunification_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunification Palace">Reunification Palace</a> (<i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Dinh Thống Nhất</i></span></i>), City Hall (<i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Ủy ban nhân dân Thành phố</i></span></i>), <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Theatre,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Theatre, Ho Chi Minh City">Municipal Theatre</a> (<i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Nhà hát thành phố</i></span></i>, also known as the Opera House), City Post Office (<i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Bưu điện thành phố</i></span></i>), State Bank Office (<i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Ngân hàng Nhà nước</i></span></i>), City People's Court (<i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Tòa án nhân dân thành phố</i></span></i>), and <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_Cathedral_Basilica_of_Saigon" title="Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon">Notre-Dame Cathedral</a> (<i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Nhà thờ Đức Bà Sài Gòn</i></span></i>), which was constructed between 1863 and 1880. Some of the historic hotels include the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Majestic_(Saigon)" title="Hotel Majestic (Saigon)">Hotel Majestic</a>, dating from the French colonial era, and the <a href="/wiki/Rex_Hotel" title="Rex Hotel">Rex</a> and Caravelle hotels, both of which are former hangouts for American officers and war correspondents in the 1960s & '70s.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city has various museums including the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Museum of Ho Chi Minh City">City Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Museum_of_History" title="Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History">Museum of History</a>, the Revolutionary Museum, the Museum of south-eastern Armed Forces, the <a href="/wiki/War_Remnants_Museum" title="War Remnants Museum">War Remnants Museum</a>, the Museum of Southern Women, the <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Ho Chi Minh City Museum of Fine Arts">Museum of Fine Arts</a>, the Nhà Rồng Memorial House, and the Bến Dược Relic of Underground Tunnels. The <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%A7_Chi_tunnels" title="Củ Chi tunnels">Củ Chi tunnels</a> are north-west of the city in <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%A7_Chi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Củ Chi District">Củ Chi District</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Saigon_Zoo_and_Botanical_Gardens" title="Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens">Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens</a>, in <a href="/wiki/District_1,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 1, Ho Chi Minh City">District 1</a>, dates from 1865. The Đầm Sen Tourist and Cultural Park, <a href="/wiki/Su%E1%BB%91i_Ti%C3%AAn_Amusement_Park" title="Suối Tiên Amusement Park">Suối Tiên Amusement and Culture Park</a>, and Cần Giờ's Eco beach resort are three recreational sites inside the city which are popular with tourists. Aside from the Municipal Theatre, there are other places of entertainment such as the Bến Thành Theatre, Hòa Bình Theatre, and the Lan Anh Music Stage. The city is home to hundreds of cinemas and theatres, with cinema and drama theatre revenue accounting for 60–70% of Vietnam's total revenue in this industry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Unlike other theatrical organisations found in Vietnam's provinces and municipalities, residents of the city keep their theatres active without the support of subsidies from the Vietnamese government. The city is also home to most of the private film companies in Vietnam.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Like many of Vietnam's smaller cities, the city boasts a multitude of restaurants serving typical Vietnamese dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Phở">phở</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rice_vermicelli" title="Rice vermicelli">rice vermicelli</a>. Backpacking travellers most often frequent the "Backpackers' Quarter" on <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Ng%C5%A9_L%C3%A3o_Street" title="Phạm Ngũ Lão Street">Phạm Ngũ Lão Street</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B9i_Vi%E1%BB%87n_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bùi Viện Street (page does not exist)">Bùi Viện Street</a>, District 1.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was approximated that 4.3 million tourists visited Vietnam in 2007, of which 70 percent, approximately 3 million tourists, visited the city.<sup id="cite_ref-thongtinthuongmaivietnam1_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thongtinthuongmaivietnam1-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the most recent international tourist statistic, Ho Chi Minh City welcomed 6 million tourists in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">Mastercard</a>'s 2019 report, the city is also the country's second most visited city (18th in Asia Pacific), with 4.1 million overnight international visitors in 2018 (after <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> with 4.8 million visitors).<sup id="cite_ref-VNExpress_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VNExpress-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam-0375_(3343240896).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Vietnam-0375_%283343240896%29.jpg/220px-Vietnam-0375_%283343240896%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Vietnam-0375_%283343240896%29.jpg/330px-Vietnam-0375_%283343240896%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Vietnam-0375_%283343240896%29.jpg/440px-Vietnam-0375_%283343240896%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dragon_dance" title="Dragon dance">Dragon dance</a> to welcome <a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_Nguy%C3%AAn_%C4%90%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Tết Nguyên Đán">Tết Nguyên Đán</a> in Ho Chi Minh City</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_art_galleries">Museums and art galleries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Museums and art galleries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to its history, artworks have generally been inspired by both Western and Eastern styles. Famous locations for art in Ho Chi Minh City include <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Ho Chi Minh City Museum of Fine Arts">Ho Chi Minh City Museum of Fine Arts</a>, and various art galleries located on Nam Kỳ Khởi Nghĩa street, Trần Phú street, and Bùi Viện street.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_M%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt_Tp_(ki%E1%BA%BFn_tr%C3%BAc_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%83)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ho Chi Minh City Museum of Fine Arts"><img alt="Ho Chi Minh City Museum of Fine Arts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_M%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt_Tp_%28ki%E1%BA%BFn_tr%C3%BAc_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%83%29_%282%29.jpg/168px-B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_M%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt_Tp_%28ki%E1%BA%BFn_tr%C3%BAc_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%83%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_M%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt_Tp_%28ki%E1%BA%BFn_tr%C3%BAc_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%83%29_%282%29.jpg/252px-B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_M%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt_Tp_%28ki%E1%BA%BFn_tr%C3%BAc_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%83%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_M%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt_Tp_%28ki%E1%BA%BFn_tr%C3%BAc_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%83%29_%282%29.jpg/335px-B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_M%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt_Tp_%28ki%E1%BA%BFn_tr%C3%BAc_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%83%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2887" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" title="Ho Chi Minh City Museum of Fine Arts">Ho Chi Minh City Museum of Fine Arts</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_l%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_Tp._H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History"><img alt="Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_l%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_Tp._H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh.JPG/181px-B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_l%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_Tp._H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh.JPG" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_l%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_Tp._H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh.JPG/271px-B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_l%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_Tp._H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_l%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_Tp._H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh.JPG/361px-B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_l%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_Tp._H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Museum_of_History" title="Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History">Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_ch%E1%BB%A9ng_t%C3%ADch_chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh,_tp_Ho_chi_minh_vietnam,_vo_Van_tan_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="War Remnants Museum"><img alt="War Remnants Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_ch%E1%BB%A9ng_t%C3%ADch_chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh%2C_tp_Ho_chi_minh_vietnam%2C_vo_Van_tan_-_panoramio.jpg/181px-B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_ch%E1%BB%A9ng_t%C3%ADch_chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh%2C_tp_Ho_chi_minh_vietnam%2C_vo_Van_tan_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_ch%E1%BB%A9ng_t%C3%ADch_chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh%2C_tp_Ho_chi_minh_vietnam%2C_vo_Van_tan_-_panoramio.jpg/271px-B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_ch%E1%BB%A9ng_t%C3%ADch_chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh%2C_tp_Ho_chi_minh_vietnam%2C_vo_Van_tan_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_ch%E1%BB%A9ng_t%C3%ADch_chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh%2C_tp_Ho_chi_minh_vietnam%2C_vo_Van_tan_-_panoramio.jpg/362px-B%E1%BA%A3o_t%C3%A0ng_ch%E1%BB%A9ng_t%C3%ADch_chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh%2C_tp_Ho_chi_minh_vietnam%2C_vo_Van_tan_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/War_Remnants_Museum" title="War Remnants Museum">War Remnants Museum</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_and_drink">Food and drink</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Food and drink"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ho Chi Minh City cultivates a strong food and drink culture with lots of roadside restaurants, coffee shops, and food stalls where locals and tourists can enjoy local cuisine and beverages at low prices.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is currently ranked in the top five best cities in the world for street food.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Vietnam">Media of Vietnam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vietnam" title="Telecommunications in Vietnam">Telecommunications in Vietnam</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Television_Headquarters_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Television_Headquarters_2021.jpg/220px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Television_Headquarters_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Television_Headquarters_2021.jpg/330px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Television_Headquarters_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Television_Headquarters_2021.jpg/440px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Television_Headquarters_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="3320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Television" title="Ho Chi Minh City Television">HTV</a>, the second largest and the first-ever television network in Vietnam, has its headquarters in District 1.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city's media is the most developed in the country. At present, there are seven daily newspapers: <i><a href="/wiki/Sai_Gon_Giai_Phong" class="mw-redirect" title="Sai Gon Giai Phong">Sài Gòn Giải Phóng</a></i> (<i>Liberated Saigon</i>), and its Vietnamese, investment and finance, sports, evening, and weekly editions; <i><a href="/wiki/Tu%E1%BB%95i_Tr%E1%BA%BB" title="Tuổi Trẻ">Tuổi Trẻ</a></i> (<i>Youth</i>), the highest circulation newspaper in Vietnam; <i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thanh Niên</i></span></i> (<i>Young People</i>), the second largest circulation in the south of Vietnam; <i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Người Lao Động</i></span></i> (<i>Labourer</i>); <i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Thể Thao</i></span></i> (<i>Sports</i>); <i><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Pháp Luật</i></span></i> (<i>Law</i>); <i><a href="/wiki/The_Saigon_Times_Daily" class="mw-redirect" title="The Saigon Times Daily">The Saigon Times Daily</a></i>, an English-language newspaper; as well as more than 30 other newspapers and magazines. The city has hundreds of printing and publishing houses, many bookstores, and a widespread network of public and school libraries; the city's General Library houses over 1.5 million books. Once called THVN9, the locally based Ho Chi Minh City Television (HTV) is the first and the second largest television network in the nation, just behind the national Vietnam Television (VTV), broadcasting 24/7 on 7 different channels (using analog and digital technology). Many major international TV channels are provided through two cable networks (SCTV and HTVC), with over one million subscribers. The <i><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Voice of Ho Chi Minh City">Voice of Ho Chi Minh City</a></i> is the largest radio station in south Vietnam.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Internet coverage, especially through ADSL connections, is rapidly expanding, with over 2,200,000 subscribers and around 5.5 million frequent users. <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service providers</a> (ISPs) operating in Ho Chi Minh City include the Vietnam Data Communication Company (VDC), Corporation for Finance and Promoting Technology (FPT), Netnam Company, Saigon Post and Telecommunications Services Corporation (Saigon Postel Corporation, SPT) and Viettel Company. The city has more than two million fixed telephones and about fifteen million cellular phones (the latter growing annually by 20%). Mobile phone service is provided by a number of companies, including <a href="/wiki/Viettel_Mobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Viettel Mobile">Viettel Mobile</a>, <a href="/wiki/MobiFone" title="MobiFone">MobiFone</a>, <a href="/wiki/VinaPhone" class="mw-redirect" title="VinaPhone">VinaPhone</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vietnam_Mobile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vietnam Mobile (page does not exist)">Vietnam Mobile</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%E1%BB%91ng_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_Stadium_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Th%E1%BB%91ng_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_Stadium_2022.jpg/220px-Th%E1%BB%91ng_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_Stadium_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Th%E1%BB%91ng_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_Stadium_2022.jpg/330px-Th%E1%BB%91ng_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_Stadium_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Th%E1%BB%91ng_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_Stadium_2022.jpg/440px-Th%E1%BB%91ng_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_Stadium_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%91ng_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_Stadium" title="Thống Nhất Stadium">Thống Nhất Stadium</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/V.League_1" title="V.League 1">V.League 1</a> football club <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City F.C.">Ho Chi Minh City F.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Ho Chi Minh City was home to 91 football fields, 86 swimming pools, and 256 gyms.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest stadium in the city is the 15,000-seat <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%91ng_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_Stadium" title="Thống Nhất Stadium">Thống Nhất Stadium</a>, located on Đào Duy Từ Street, in Ward 6 of <a href="/wiki/District_10,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="District 10, Ho Chi Minh City">District 10</a>. The next largest is <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A2n_khu_7_Stadium" title="Quân khu 7 Stadium">Military Region 7 Stadium</a>, located near <a href="/wiki/Tan_Son_Nhat_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Tan Son Nhat Airport">Tan Son Nhat Airport</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A2n_B%C3%ACnh_district,_Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tân Bình district, Ho Chi Minh City (page does not exist)">Tân Bình district</a>. The Military Region 7 Stadium was of the venues for the <a href="/wiki/2007_AFC_Asian_Cup" title="2007 AFC Asian Cup">2007 AFC Asian Cup</a> finals. As well as being a sporting venue, it is also the site of a music school. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ph%C3%BA_Th%E1%BB%8D_Racecourse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phú Thọ Racecourse (page does not exist)">Phú Thọ Racecourse</a>, another notable sporting venue established during colonial times, is the only racetrack in Vietnam, however, due to poor maintenance, the facilities are not in good condition.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's Department of Physical Education and Sport also manages a number of clubs, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phan_Dinh_Phung_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phan Dinh Phung Club (page does not exist)">Phan Đình Phùng</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thanh_Da_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thanh Da Club (page does not exist)">Thanh Đa</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yet_Kieu_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yet Kieu Club (page does not exist)">Yết Kiêu</a>. </p><p>The city is home to a number of association football clubs. One of the city's largest clubs, <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City F.C.">Ho Chi Minh City F.C.</a>, is based at Thống Nhất Stadium, formerly as <i>Cảng Sài Gòn</i>, they were four-time champions of Vietnam's <a href="/wiki/V.League_1" title="V.League 1">V.League 1</a> (in 1986, 1993–94, 1997, and 2001–02). <a href="/wiki/Navibank_Saigon_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Navibank Saigon F.C.">Navibank Saigon F.C.</a>, founded as <i>Quân Khu 4</i>, were also based at Thống Nhất Stadium, emerged as champions of the First Division in the 2008 season, and were promoted to the V-League in 2009, the club has since been dissolved during a corruption scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's police department also fielded a football team in the 1990s, Công An Thành Phố, which won the V-League championship in 1995, the club was dissolved in 2002 as the league become more professional. Since its inception in 2016, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A0i_G%C3%B2n_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Sài Gòn F.C.">Sài Gòn F.C.</a> competed in <a href="/wiki/V.League_1" title="V.League 1">V.League 1</a>, however, in 2022 they suffered relegation and will complete in <a href="/wiki/V.League_2" title="V.League 2">V.League 2</a> in 2023. </p><p>In 2011, the city was awarded an expansion team for the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Basketball_League" title="ASEAN Basketball League">ASEAN Basketball League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saigon_Heat" title="Saigon Heat">Saigon Heat</a> was the first ever international professional basketball team to represent Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team also plays in the domestic basketball league, the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Basketball_Association" title="Vietnam Basketball Association">Vietnam Basketball Association</a>, and have won the championship on three occasions (2019, 2020 and 2022). </p><p>In 2016, a second professional basketball team was created, <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Wings" title="Ho Chi Minh City Wings">Wings</a>, playing in the domestic <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Basketball_Association" title="Vietnam Basketball Association">Vietnam Basketball Association</a>. </p><p>The city hosts a number of international sport events throughout the year, such as the <a href="/wiki/AFF_Futsal_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="AFF Futsal Championship">AFF Futsal Championship</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Vertical_Run" title="Vietnam Vertical Run">Vietnam Vertical Run</a>. Several other sports are represented by teams in the city, such as Irish (Gaelic) Football, rugby, cricket,<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> volleyball, basketball, chess, athletics, and table tennis.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Vietnam">List of twin towns and sister cities in Vietnam</a></div> <p>The city is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-ir_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ir-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><img alt="Kuwait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ahmadi_Governorate" title="Ahmadi Governorate">Ahmadi Governorate</a>, Kuwait (2010)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>, Kazakhstan (2011)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a>, France (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, Thailand (2014)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Champasak_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Champasak Province">Champasak Province</a>, Laos (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, South Korea (1995)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong Province</a>, China (2009)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region</a>, China (2013)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, Germany (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus (2008)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Moscow, Russia (2003)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> New York City, United States (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Prefecture" title="Osaka Prefecture">Osaka Prefecture</a>, Japan (2007)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a>, Cambodia (1999)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia (2005)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, United States (1995)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong Province</a>, China (2013)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Shanghai, China (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria (2015)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a>, Laos (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>, Russia (2009)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Yangon</a>, Myanmar (2012)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhejiang Province">Zhejiang Province</a>, China (2009)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooperation_and_friendship">Cooperation and friendship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Cooperation and friendship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to its twin towns, the city is in cooperation with:<sup id="cite_ref-ir_157-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ir-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain (2009)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary (2013)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">Daegu</a>, South Korea (2015)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland (2007)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, China (1996)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, South Africa (2009)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a>, Slovakia (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Oblast" title="Moscow Oblast">Moscow Oblast</a>, Russia (2015)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, Australia (2014)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, Japan (2011)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> Queensland, Australia (2005)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, Spain (2009)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a>, China (1999)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shiga_Prefecture" title="Shiga Prefecture">Shiga Prefecture</a>, Japan (2014)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sverdlovsk_Oblast" title="Sverdlovsk Oblast">Sverdlovsk Oblast</a>, Russia (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Toronto, Canada (2006)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, Japan (2009)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/48px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/64px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/175_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="175 Hospital">175 Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_East_Asian_ports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of East Asian ports">List of East Asian ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_buildings_in_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="List of historic buildings in Ho Chi Minh City">List of historic buildings in Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_capitals_of_Vietnam" title="List of historical capitals of Vietnam">List of historical capitals of Vietnam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVo2009" class="citation book cs1">Vo, Nghia M., ed. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0oeEpKDCmV4C&pg=218"><i>The Viet Kieu in America: Personal Accounts of Postwar Immigrants from Vietnam</i></a>. McFarland. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5490-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5490-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-5490-7</bdi></a>. <q>Saigon began as the Cham village of Baigaur, then became the Khmer Prey Nôkôr before being taken over by the Vietnamese and renamed Gia Dinh Thanh and then Saigon.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Viet+Kieu+in+America%3A+Personal+Accounts+of+Postwar+Immigrants+from+Vietnam&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5490-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0oeEpKDCmV4C%26pg%3D218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The text of the resolution is as follows: "By the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 6th tenure, 1st session, for officially renaming Saigon-Gia Dinh City as Ho Chi Minh City.<br /> The National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam Considering the boundless love of the people of Saigon-Gia Dinh City for Chairman Ho Chi Minh and their wish for the city to be named after him;<br /> Considering the long and difficult revolutionary struggle launched in <a href="/wiki/Saigon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saigon">Saigon</a>-<a href="/wiki/Gia_Dinh" class="mw-redirect" title="Gia Dinh">Gia Dinh</a> City, with several glorious feats, deserves the honour of being named after Chairman Ho Chi Minh;<br /> After discussing the suggestion of the Presidium of the National Assembly's meeting;(PNAM)<br /> Decides to rename Saigon-Gia Dinh City as Ho Chi Minh City."<sup id="cite_ref-hcmgov15jun10_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hcmgov15jun10-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Khmer name for Saigon, by the way, is Prey Nokor; prey means forest, nokor home or city."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Un siècle plus tard (1773), la révolte des TÁYON <i>(sic)</i> [qu'éclata] tout, d'abord dans les montagnes de la province de Qui-Nhon, et s'étendit rapidement dans le sud, chassa de Bien-Hoa le mouvement commercial qu'y avaient attiré les Chinois. Ceux-ci abandonnèrent Cou-lao-pho, remontèrent de fleuve de Tan-Binh, et vinrent choisir la position actuele de CHOLEN. Cette création date d'environ 1778. Ils appelèrent leur nouvelle résidence TAI-NGON ou TIN-GAN. Le nom transformé par les Annamites en celui de SAIGON fut depuis appliqué à tort, par l'expédition française, au SAIGON actuel dont la dénomination locale est <a href="/w/index.php?title=BEN-NGHE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BEN-NGHE (page does not exist)">BEN-NGHE</a> ou <a href="/w/index.php?title=BEN-THANH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BEN-THANH (page does not exist)">BEN-THANH</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The text of the resolution is as follows: "By the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 6th tenure, 1st session, for officially renaming Saigon-Gia Dinh City as Ho Chi Minh City.<br /> The National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam Considering the boundless love of the people of Saigon – Gia Dinh City for Chairman Ho Chi Minh and their wish for the city to be named after him;<br /> Considering the long and difficult revolutionary struggle launched in <a href="/wiki/Saigon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saigon">Saigon</a>–<a href="/wiki/Gia_Dinh" class="mw-redirect" title="Gia Dinh">Gia Dinh</a> City, with several glorious feats, deserves the honour of being named after Chairman Ho Chi Minh;<br /> After discussing the suggestion of the Presidium of the National Assembly's meeting;<br /> Decides to rename Saigon-Gia Dinh City as Ho Chi Minh City."<sup id="cite_ref-hcmgov15jun10_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hcmgov15jun10-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19710407&id=hbAzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uTIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=960,545760&hl=en">"Saigon, Paris of the Orient, shows war tarnish"</a>. <i>Lodi News-Sentinel</i>. 7 April 1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208200759/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19710407&id=hbAzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uTIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=960,545760&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lodi+News-Sentinel&rft.atitle=Saigon%2C+Paris+of+the+Orient%2C+shows+war+tarnish&rft.date=1971-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D2245%26dat%3D19710407%26id%3DhbAzAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DuTIHAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D960%2C545760%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span>O</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCherry2019" class="citation book cs1">Cherry, Haydon (2019). <i>Down and Out in Saigon: Stories of the Poor in a Colonial City</i>. Yale University Press. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21825-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21825-1"><bdi>978-0-300-21825-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Down+and+Out+in+Saigon%3A+Stories+of+the+Poor+in+a+Colonial+City&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-300-21825-1&rft.aulast=Cherry&rft.aufirst=Haydon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-area_2022-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-area_2022_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monre.gov.vn/VanBan/Lists/VanBanChiDao/Attachments/3012/b4.5_Signed.pdf">Biểu số 4.5: Hiện trạng sử dụng đất vùng Đông Nam Bộ năm 2022</a> [Table 4.5: Current land use status in the Southeast region in 2022] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Decision 3048/QĐ-BTNMT) (in Vietnamese). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Vietnam)" title="Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam)">Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam)</a>. 18 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Bi%E1%BB%83u+s%E1%BB%91+4.5%3A+Hi%E1%BB%87n+tr%E1%BA%A1ng+s%E1%BB%AD+d%E1%BB%A5ng+%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t+v%C3%B9ng+%C4%90%C3%B4ng+Nam+B%E1%BB%99+n%C4%83m+2022&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Natural+Resources+and+Environment+%28Vietnam%29&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonre.gov.vn%2FVanBan%2FLists%2FVanBanChiDao%2FAttachments%2F3012%2Fb4.5_Signed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span> – the data in the report are in hectares, rounded to integers</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop_2023-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pop_2023_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop_2023_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop_2023_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/NG-TONG-CUC-2023-Final.pdf"><i>Statistical Yearbook of Viet Nam 2023</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Vietnamese and English). Vietnam: Statistical Publishing House. 29 June 2024. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-604-75-2429-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-604-75-2429-7"><bdi>978-604-75-2429-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statistical+Yearbook+of+Viet+Nam+2023&rft.place=Vietnam&rft.pub=Statistical+Publishing+House&rft.date=2024-06-29&rft.isbn=978-604-75-2429-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F06%2FNG-TONG-CUC-2023-Final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thongkehochiminh.gso.gov.vn/Niengiam/Niengiam">"Statistics"</a>. <i>Ho Chi Minh City Statistics Office</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ho+Chi+Minh+City+Statistics+Office&rft.atitle=Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthongkehochiminh.gso.gov.vn%2FNiengiam%2FNiengiam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/px-web/?pxid=E1438&theme=Health%2C%20Culture%2C%20Sport%20and%20Living%20standard">"Human Development Index by province(*) by Cities, provincies and Year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/General_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam" title="General Statistics Office of Vietnam">General Statistics Office of Vietnam</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft.atitle=Human+Development+Index+by+province%28%2A%29+by+Cities%2C+provincies+and+Year&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fen%2Fpx-web%2F%3Fpxid%3DE1438%26theme%3DHealth%252C%2520Culture%252C%2520Sport%2520and%2520Living%2520standard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2019census-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2019census_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2019census_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=512&idmid=5&ItemID=19279">"Báo cáo sơ bộ Tổng điều tra Dân số và nhà ở 2019"</a> [General statistics for Population and households investigation 2019] (in Vietnamese). General Statistics Office of Vietnam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113154758/https://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=512&idmid=5&ItemID=19279">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=B%C3%A1o+c%C3%A1o+s%C6%A1+b%E1%BB%99+T%E1%BB%95ng+%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u+tra+D%C3%A2n+s%E1%BB%91+v%C3%A0+nh%C3%A0+%E1%BB%9F+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fdefault.aspx%3Ftabid%3D512%26idmid%3D5%26ItemID%3D19279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kinhtetrunguong.vn/web/guest/thong-tin-dia-phuong/dong-gop-cua-cac-tinh-thanh-pho-ve-mot-so-chi-tieu-chu-yeu.html">"Đóng góp của các tỉnh, thành phố về một số chỉ tiêu chủ yếu"</a>. <i>kinhtetrunguong.vn</i> (in Vietnamese). 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kinhtetrunguong.vn&rft.atitle=%C4%90%C3%B3ng+g%C3%B3p+c%E1%BB%A7a+c%C3%A1c+t%E1%BB%89nh%2C+th%C3%A0nh+ph%E1%BB%91+v%E1%BB%81+m%E1%BB%99t+s%E1%BB%91+ch%E1%BB%89+ti%C3%AAu+ch%E1%BB%A7+y%E1%BA%BFu&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkinhtetrunguong.vn%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fthong-tin-dia-phuong%2Fdong-gop-cua-cac-tinh-thanh-pho-ve-mot-so-chi-tieu-chu-yeu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnishi" class="citation news cs1">Onishi, Tomoya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Vietnam-to-boost-Ho-Chi-Minh-budget-for-first-time-in-18-years">"Vietnam to boost Ho Chi Minh budget for first time in 18 years"</a>. <i>Nikkei Asia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asia&rft.atitle=Vietnam+to+boost+Ho+Chi+Minh+budget+for+first+time+in+18+years&rft.aulast=Onishi&rft.aufirst=Tomoya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FEconomy%2FVietnam-to-boost-Ho-Chi-Minh-budget-for-first-time-in-18-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/military-land-approved-for-new-tan-son-nhat-airport-terminal-4493489.html">"Military land approved for new Tan Son Nhat airport terminal"</a>. <i>VnExpress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VnExpress&rft.atitle=Military+land+approved+for+new+Tan+Son+Nhat+airport+terminal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe.vnexpress.net%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Fmilitary-land-approved-for-new-tan-son-nhat-airport-terminal-4493489.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/other-news/2022/11/three-vietnamese-seaports-among-top-100-largest-container-ports-worldwide/">"Three Vietnamese seaports among top 100 largest container ports worldwide"</a>. <i>General Statistics Office of Vietnam</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft.atitle=Three+Vietnamese+seaports+among+top+100+largest+container+ports+worldwide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fen%2Fother-news%2F2022%2F11%2Fthree-vietnamese-seaports-among-top-100-largest-container-ports-worldwide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SaigonHis2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SaigonHis2_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVo2011" class="citation book cs1">Vo, Nghia M. (2011). <i>Saigon: A History</i>. McFarland. pp. 7–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6466-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6466-1"><bdi>978-0-7864-6466-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saigon%3A+A+History&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-6466-1&rft.aulast=Vo&rft.aufirst=Nghia+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-salkin-962-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-salkin-962_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-salkin-962_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-salkin-962_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalkinRing1996" class="citation book cs1">Salkin, Robert M.; Ring, Trudy (1996). Schellinger, Paul E.; Salkin, Robert M. (eds.). <i>Asia and Oceania</i>. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 5. Taylor & Francis. pp. 353–354. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884964-04-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-884964-04-4"><bdi>1-884964-04-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+and+Oceania&rft.series=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places&rft.pages=353-354&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-884964-04-4&rft.aulast=Salkin&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rft.au=Ring%2C+Trudy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mapofvietnam18912-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mapofvietnam18912_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110630141328/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/226/zoom.html">"Comprehensive Map of Vietnam's Provinces"</a>. <i>World Digital Library</i>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. 1890. 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People's Committee of Ho Chi Minh City. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eng.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/eng/news/default.aspx?cat_id=510&news_id=243">the original</a> on 7 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Saigon+to+Ho+Chi+Minh+City&rft.pub=People%27s+Committee+of+Ho+Chi+Minh+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eng.hochiminhcity.gov.vn%2Feng%2Fnews%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fcat_id%3D510%26news_id%3D243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF梁_Lương1908" class="citation web cs1">梁 Lương, 竹潭 Trúc Đàm (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/1043/">"南國地輿教科書 Nam quốc địa dư giáo khoa thư"</a>. <i>Nom Foundation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nom+Foundation&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E8%BC%BF%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%9B%B8+Nam+qu%E1%BB%91c+%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba+d%C6%B0+gi%C3%A1o+khoa+th%C6%B0&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=%E6%A2%81+L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&rft.aufirst=%E7%AB%B9%E6%BD%AD+Tr%C3%BAc+%C4%90%C3%A0m&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.nomfoundation.org%2Fcollection%2F1%2Fvolume%2F1043%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVo2011">Vo 2011</a>, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TruongVinhKy2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TruongVinhKy2_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKy1885" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9trus_Ky" class="mw-redirect" title="Pétrus Ky">Ky, Pétrus</a> (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://virtual-saigon.net/Asset/Source/refBibliography_ID-3228_No-01.pdf">"Souvenirs historiques sur Saigon et ses environs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Excursions et Reconnaissance</i> (in French). Vol. X. Saigon: Imprimerie Coloniale. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210520054031/https://virtual-saigon.net/Asset/Source/refBibliography_ID-3228_No-01.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Souvenirs+historiques+sur+Saigon+et+ses+environs&rft.btitle=Excursions+et+Reconnaissance&rft.place=Saigon&rft.pub=Imprimerie+Coloniale&rft.date=1885&rft.aulast=Ky&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A9trus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvirtual-saigon.net%2FAsset%2FSource%2FrefBibliography_ID-3228_No-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorodom_Sihanouk1980" class="citation book cs1">Norodom Sihanouk (1980). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warhopecasef00noro/page/54"><i>War and hope: the case for Cambodia</i></a></span>. Pantheon Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warhopecasef00noro/page/54">54</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-51115-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-51115-8"><bdi>0-394-51115-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+hope%3A+the+case+for+Cambodia&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-394-51115-8&rft.au=Norodom+Sihanouk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarhopecasef00noro%2Fpage%2F54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis Garnier, quoted in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHồng_Sến_Vương,_Q._Thắng_Nguyễn2002" class="citation book cs1">Hồng Sến Vương, Q. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tuy%E1%BB%83n+t%E1%BA%ADp+V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+H%E1%BB%93ng+S%E1%BA%BFn&rft.pub=Nh%C3%A0+xu%E1%BA%A5t+b%E1%BA%A3n+V%C4%83n+h%E1%BB%8Dc&rft.date=2002&rft.au=H%E1%BB%93ng+S%E1%BA%BFn+V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng%2C+Q.+Th%E1%BA%AFng+Nguy%E1%BB%85n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2FLich-Su-Thu-Do-Sai-Gon%2Fd%2F7230907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-bacho2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc-bacho2_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/ho_chi_minh.shtml">"Historic Figures: Hồ Chí Minh (1890–1969)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100122111037/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/ho_chi_minh.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Figures%3A+H%E1%BB%93+Ch%C3%AD+Minh+%281890%E2%80%931969%29&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric_figures%2Fho_chi_minh.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinha2019" class="citation web cs1">Sinha, Sayoni (4 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190705022350/https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/travel/craft-brews-and-skyline-views-the-ultimate-ho-chi-minh-city-itinerary.aspx">"Craft brews and skyline views the ultimate Ho Chi Minh City itinerary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/travel/craft-brews-and-skyline-views-the-ultimate-ho-chi-minh-city-itinerary.aspx">the original</a> on 5 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Craft+brews+and+skyline+views+the+ultimate+Ho+Chi+Minh+City+itinerary&rft.date=2019-07-04&rft.aulast=Sinha&rft.aufirst=Sayoni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com.au%2Ftravel%2Fcraft-brews-and-skyline-views-the-ultimate-ho-chi-minh-city-itinerary.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HistDict2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HistDict2_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HistDict2_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HistDict2_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HistDict2_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorfield2014" class="citation book cs1">Corfield, Justin (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pdAZBQAAQBAJ&pg=PR17"><i>Historical Dictionary of Ho Chi Minh City</i></a>. Anthem Press. p. xvii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78308-333-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78308-333-6"><bdi>978-1-78308-333-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181028033608/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pdAZBQAAQBAJ&pg=PR17">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Ho+Chi+Minh+City&rft.pages=xvii&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78308-333-6&rft.aulast=Corfield&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpdAZBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVo2011">Vo 2011</a>, pp. 8, 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Song22-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Song22_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Song, Jeong Nam, Sự mở rộng lãnh thổ Đại Việt dưới thời Hậu Lê và tính chất, <a href="/wiki/Korean_University_of_Foreign_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean University of Foreign Studies">Korean University of Foreign Studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, 2010, p.22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/lich_su_van_hoa/lich_su/cong_cuoc_khai_duong_mo_loi/chua_nguyen_cu_thong_suat_nguyen_huu_canh_vao_nam_kinh_luoc?left_menu=1">"Chúa Nguyễn cử thống suất Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh vào Nam kinh lược"</a>. <i>HCM CityWeb</i> (in Vietnamese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070518155404/http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/lich_su_van_hoa/lich_su/cong_cuoc_khai_duong_mo_loi/chua_nguyen_cu_thong_suat_nguyen_huu_canh_vao_nam_kinh_luoc?left_menu=1">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HCM+CityWeb&rft.atitle=Ch%C3%BAa+Nguy%E1%BB%85n+c%E1%BB%AD+th%E1%BB%91ng+su%E1%BA%A5t+Nguy%E1%BB%85n+H%E1%BB%AFu+C%E1%BA%A3nh+v%C3%A0o+Nam+kinh+l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hochiminhcity.gov.vn%2Fleft%2Fgioi_thieu%2Flich_su_van_hoa%2Flich_su%2Fcong_cuoc_khai_duong_mo_loi%2Fchua_nguyen_cu_thong_suat_nguyen_huu_canh_vao_nam_kinh_luoc%3Fleft_menu%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarms2011" class="citation book cs1">Harms, Erik (2011). <i>Saigon's Edge: On the Margins of Ho Chi Minh City</i>. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-5605-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-5605-9"><bdi>978-0-8166-5605-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saigon%27s+Edge%3A+On+the+Margins+of+Ho+Chi+Minh+City&rft.place=Minnesota&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-5605-9&rft.aulast=Harms&rft.aufirst=Erik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Song23-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Song23_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Song23_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Song, Jeong Nam, Sự mở rộng lãnh thổ Đại Việt dưới thời Hậu Lê và tính chất, <a href="/wiki/Korean_University_of_Foreign_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean University of Foreign Studies">Korean University of Foreign Studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, 2010, p.23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVo2011">Vo 2011</a>, p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLeod1991" class="citation book cs1">McLeod, Mark W. (1991). <i>The Vietnamese Response to French Intervention, 1862–1874</i>. New York: Praeger. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-93562-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-93562-7"><bdi>978-0-275-93562-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vietnamese+Response+to+French+Intervention%2C+1862%E2%80%931874&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-275-93562-7&rft.aulast=McLeod&rft.aufirst=Mark+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVo2011">Vo 2011</a>, p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorfield2014">Corfield 2014</a>, p. xix</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVo2011">Vo 2011</a>, pp. 75, 85–86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorfield2014">Corfield 2014</a>, pp. xix−xx</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVo2011">Vo 2011</a>, p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogle1972" class="citation book cs1">Bogle, James E. (January 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAK857.pdf"><i>Dialectics of Urban Proposals for the Saigon Metropolitan Area</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ministry of Public Works, Republic of Vietnam; United States Agency for International Development. p. 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210520054031/https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAK857.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dialectics+of+Urban+Proposals+for+the+Saigon+Metropolitan+Area&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Public+Works%2C+Republic+of+Vietnam%3B+United+States+Agency+for+International+Development&rft.date=1972-01&rft.aulast=Bogle&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdf.usaid.gov%2Fpdf_docs%2FPNAAK857.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVo2011">Vo 2011</a>, pp. 1, 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorfield2014">Corfield 2014</a>, p. xxi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanensBassinoEgretaud1998" class="citation book cs1">Banens, Maks; Bassino, Jean-Pascal; Egretaud, Eric (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP98.7/98_7.html"><i>Estimating population and labour force in Vietnam under French rule (1900−1954)</i></a>. Montpellier: Paul Valéry University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120403120609/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP98.7/98_7.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estimating+population+and+labour+force+in+Vietnam+under+French+rule+%281900%E2%88%921954%29&rft.place=Montpellier&rft.pub=Paul+Val%C3%A9ry+University&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Banens&rft.aufirst=Maks&rft.au=Bassino%2C+Jean-Pascal&rft.au=Egretaud%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP98.7%2F98_7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-History_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2013" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, K. W. (2013). <i>A History of the Vietnamese</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 547. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87586-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87586-8"><bdi>978-0-521-87586-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Vietnamese&rft.pages=547&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-521-87586-8&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=K.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVo2011">Vo 2011</a>, p. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_46-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_46-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2011" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2011). "Saigon". <i>The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History</i>. Vol. III (2nd ed.). California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 1010–1011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-960-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-960-3"><bdi>978-1-85109-960-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saigon&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Vietnam+War%3A+A+Political%2C+Social%2C+and+Military+History&rft.place=California&rft.pages=1010-1011&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-960-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_47-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070518085101/http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/lich_su_van_hoa/lich_su/tp_chung_nhan_cua_dong_chay_ls/khang_chien_chong_my/sai_gon_duoi_thoi_my_nguy?left_menu=1">"Sài Gòn dưới thời Mỹ Ngụy"</a>. <i>HCM CityWeb</i> (in Vietnamese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/lich_su_van_hoa/lich_su/tp_chung_nhan_cua_dong_chay_ls/khang_chien_chong_my/sai_gon_duoi_thoi_my_nguy?left_menu=1">the original</a> on 18 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HCM+CityWeb&rft.atitle=S%C3%A0i+G%C3%B2n+d%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bi+th%E1%BB%9Di+M%E1%BB%B9+Ng%E1%BB%A5y&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hochiminhcity.gov.vn%2Fleft%2Fgioi_thieu%2Flich_su_van_hoa%2Flich_su%2Ftp_chung_nhan_cua_dong_chay_ls%2Fkhang_chien_chong_my%2Fsai_gon_duoi_thoi_my_nguy%3Fleft_menu%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050907031225/http://www.lienminhhtxhcm.com.vn/VietNam/SaiGon/oldSaiGon/intro1.asp">"Lịch sử vùng đất"</a> (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City Cooperative Alliance. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lienminhhtxhcm.com.vn/VietNam/SaiGon/oldSaiGon/intro1.asp">the original</a> on 7 September 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%E1%BB%8Bch+s%E1%BB%AD+v%C3%B9ng+%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t&rft.pub=Ho+Chi+Minh+City+Cooperative+Alliance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lienminhhtxhcm.com.vn%2FVietNam%2FSaiGon%2FoldSaiGon%2Fintro1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBogle1972">Bogle 1972</a>, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBogle1972">Bogle 1972</a>, p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBogle1972">Bogle 1972</a>, p. 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVo2011">Vo 2011</a>, pp. 129–130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoollacott2015" class="citation web cs1">Woollacott, Martin (21 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/apr/21/40-years-on-from-fall-of-saigon-witnessing-end-of-vietnam-war">"Forty years on from the fall of Saigon: witnessing the end of the Vietnam war"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170501071233/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/apr/21/40-years-on-from-fall-of-saigon-witnessing-end-of-vietnam-war">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2021</span>. <q>Độ cao trung bình so với mặt nước biển: nội thành là 5 m, ngoại thành là 16 m.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mpi.gov.vn&rft.atitle=C%E1%BB%95ng+th%C3%B4ng+tin+%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n+t%E1%BB%AD+B%E1%BB%99+K%E1%BA%BF+ho%E1%BA%A1ch+v%C3%A0+%C4%90%E1%BA%A7u+t%C6%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpi.gov.vn%2FPages%2Ftinhthanhchitiet.aspx%3FidTinhThanh%3D35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurrayClemensPhinnPossingham2014" class="citation journal cs1">Murray, N.J.; Clemens, R.S.; Phinn, S.R.; Possingham, H.P.; Fuller, R.A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VnExpress+International+%E2%80%93+Latest+news%2C+business%2C+travel+and+analysis+from+Vietnam&rft.atitle=Saigon+braces+for+more+record+tides+this+year+%E2%80%93+VnExpress+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe.vnexpress.net%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Fsaigon-braces-for-more-record-tides-this-year-3991458.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/can-coastal-cities-turn-the-tide-on-rising-flood-risk">"Can coastal cities turn the tide on climate change flooding risk?"</a>. <i>mckinsey.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616181841/https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/can-coastal-cities-turn-the-tide-on-rising-flood-risk">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mckinsey.com&rft.atitle=Can+coastal+cities+turn+the+tide+on+climate+change+flooding+risk%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mckinsey.com%2Fbusiness-functions%2Fsustainability%2Four-insights%2Fcan-coastal-cities-turn-the-tide-on-rising-flood-risk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adb-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adb_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_65-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_65-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_65-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_65-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_65-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180723165910/https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/46391-001-ieeab-04.pdf">"Viet Nam: Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City Power Grid Development Sector Project"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Asian Development Bank. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/46391-001-ieeab-04.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Viet+Nam%3A+Ha+Noi+and+Ho+Chi+Minh+City+Power+Grid+Development+Sector+Project&rft.pub=Asian+Development+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adb.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Flinked-documents%2F46391-001-ieeab-04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBST-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IBST_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180722172120/http://ibst.vn/DATA/nhyen/QCVN%2002-2009%20BXD%20So%20lieu%20tu%20nhien.pdf">"Vietnam Building Code Natural Physical & Climatic Data for Construction"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibst.vn/DATA/nhyen/QCVN%2002-2009%20BXD%20So%20lieu%20tu%20nhien.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnam+Building+Code+Natural+Physical+%26+Climatic+Data+for+Construction&rft.pub=Vietnam+Institute+for+Building+Science+and+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fibst.vn%2FDATA%2Fnhyen%2FQCVN%252002-2009%2520BXD%2520So%2520lieu%2520tu%2520nhien.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729110904/http://worldweather.wmo.int/082/c00309.htm">"World Weather Information Service – Ho Chi Minh City"</a>. World Meteorological Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldweather.wmo.int/082/c003éc09.htm">the original</a> on 29 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Weather+Information+Service+%E2%80%93+Ho+Chi+Minh+City&rft.pub=World+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldweather.wmo.int%2F082%2Fc003%C3%A9c09.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Statistical_office-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Statistical_office_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistical_office_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistical_office_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistical_office_68-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statistical_office_68-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100403064035/http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/an_pham/sltkcytphcm/30_so_lieu_thong_ke_chu_yeu">"Statistical office in Ho Chi Minh City"</a>. Pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/an_pham/sltkcytphcm/30_so_lieu_thong_ke_chu_yeu">the original</a> on 3 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+office+in+Ho+Chi+Minh+City&rft.pub=Pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn%2Fan_pham%2Fsltkcytphcm%2F30_so_lieu_thong_ke_chu_yeu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVnExpress" class="citation web cs1">VnExpress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/hcmc-set-to-carve-out-class-1-city-by-merging-three-districts-4190658.html">"HCMC set to carve out class-1 city by merging three districts – VnExpress International"</a>. <i>VnExpress International – Latest news, business, travel and analysis from Vietnam</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125002013/https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/hcmc-set-to-carve-out-class-1-city-by-merging-three-districts-4190658.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VnExpress+International+%E2%80%93+Latest+news%2C+business%2C+travel+and+analysis+from+Vietnam&rft.atitle=HCMC+set+to+carve+out+class-1+city+by+merging+three+districts+%E2%80%93+VnExpress+International&rft.au=VnExpress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe.vnexpress.net%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Fhcmc-set-to-carve-out-class-1-city-by-merging-three-districts-4190658.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=5fdc62bc-0523-453a-b596-57ad36af9831&groupId=18">"Population and population density in 2010 by district"</a> (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City General Statistics Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+population+density+in+2010+by+district&rft.pub=Ho+Chi+Minh+City+General+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn%2Fc%2Fdocument_library%2Fget_file%3Fuuid%3D5fdc62bc-0523-453a-b596-57ad36af9831%26groupId%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/web/guest/niengiamthongke-nam2011">"STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 2011"</a> (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City General Statistics Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STATISTICAL+YEARBOOK+2011&rft.pub=Ho+Chi+Minh+City+General+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fniengiamthongke-nam2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=7311d5ad-c5a4-4383-8fb4-36c209afa120&groupId=18">"POPULATION AND LABOUR"</a> (in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City General Statistics Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=POPULATION+AND+LABOUR&rft.pub=Ho+Chi+Minh+City+General+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn%2Fc%2Fdocument_library%2Fget_file%3Fuuid%3D7311d5ad-c5a4-4383-8fb4-36c209afa120%26groupId%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>01.04.1999</b><br /><b>01.10.2004</b><br /><b>01.04.2009</b><br /><b>01.04.2019</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=714">TỔNG CỤC THỐNG KÊ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003153734/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=714">Archived</a> 3 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> __gso.gov.vn</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/khodulieudanso2009/">Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181010015840/http://www.gso.gov.vn/khodulieudanso2009/">Archived</a> 10 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> __gso.gov.vn</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=476&ItemID=1841">GENERAL STATISTICS OFFICE of VIET NAM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180927050142/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=476&ItemID=1841">Archived</a> 27 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> __gso.gov.vn</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census2019-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2019_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YK6iY-j0AfZTuip28Py2Gmz5P8zw04Rn/view?usp=sharing">"Report on Results of the 2019 Census"</a>. General Statistics Office of Vietnam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509091125/http://tongdieutradanso.vn/uploads/data/6/files/files/2_%20Bieu%20so%20lieu%20va%20phu%20luc%20(duyet%20gui%20in).pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+on+Results+of+the+2019+Census&rft.pub=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1YK6iY-j0AfZTuip28Py2Gmz5P8zw04Rn%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dánolonganqacnam-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dánolonganqacnam_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=387&idmid=3&ItemID=15569">Dân số trung bình phân theo địa phương qua các năm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141008010457/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=387&idmid=3&ItemID=15569">Archived</a> 2014-10-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, General Statistics Office of Vietnam.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gso.gov.vn-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gso.gov.vn_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=462&idmid=2&idmid=2&ItemID=9789">"General Statistics Office of Vietnam"</a>. Gso.gov.vn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716062156/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=462&idmid=2&idmid=2&ItemID=9789">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft.pub=Gso.gov.vn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fdefault_en.aspx%3Ftabid%3D462%26idmid%3D2%26idmid%3D2%26ItemID%3D9789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gso-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gso_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gso_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=383&idmid=2&ItemID=13495">"Tong Cuc Thong Ke"</a>. Gso.gov.vn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130404200211/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=383&idmid=2&ItemID=13495">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tong+Cuc+Thong+Ke&rft.pub=Gso.gov.vn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fdefault.aspx%3Ftabid%3D383%26idmid%3D2%26ItemID%3D13495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWendell_Cox2012" class="citation web cs1">Wendell Cox (22 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022130238/http://www.newgeography.com/content/002738-the-evolving-urban-form-ho-chi-minh-city-saigon">"THE EVOLVING URBAN FORM: HO CHI MINH CITY (SAIGON)"</a>. <i>New Geography</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newgeography.com/content/002738-the-evolving-urban-form-ho-chi-minh-city-saigon">the original</a> on 22 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Geography&rft.atitle=THE+EVOLVING+URBAN+FORM%3A+HO+CHI+MINH+CITY+%28SAIGON%29&rft.date=2012-03-22&rft.au=Wendell+Cox&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newgeography.com%2Fcontent%2F002738-the-evolving-urban-form-ho-chi-minh-city-saigon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/guess-how-many-people-are-jamming-into-saigon-hint-it-s-as-bad-as-tokyo-3628742.html">"Guess how many people are jamming into Saigon? Hint: It's as bad as Tokyo - VnExpress International"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180321192622/https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/guess-how-many-people-are-jamming-into-saigon-hint-it-s-as-bad-as-tokyo-3628742.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guess+how+many+people+are+jamming+into+Saigon%3F+Hint%3A+It%27s+as+bad+as+Tokyo+-+VnExpress+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe.vnexpress.net%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Fguess-how-many-people-are-jamming-into-saigon-hint-it-s-as-bad-as-tokyo-3628742.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trithuctre-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trithuctre_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThảo_Nguyên2017" class="citation web cs1">Thảo Nguyên (17 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180717071102/http://ttvn.vn/kinh-doanh/chu-tich-nguyen-thanh-phong-du-bao-dan-so-tp-ho-chi-minh-den-nam-2025-la-10-trieu-nguoi-nhung-nay-da-dat-13-trieu-nguoi-5201717811412441.htm">"Chủ tịch Nguyễn Thành Phong: Dự báo dân số Tp. Hồ Chí Minh đến năm 2025 là 10 triệu người nhưng nay đã đạt 13 triệu người (Chairman Nguyễn Thành Phong: The official population of Ho Chi Minh City is estimated to reach 10 million by 2025 but this number reached 13 million in 2017)"</a>. Trí thức trẻ. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ttvn.vn/kinh-doanh/chu-tich-nguyen-thanh-phong-du-bao-dan-so-tp-ho-chi-minh-den-nam-2025-la-10-trieu-nguoi-nhung-nay-da-dat-13-trieu-nguoi-5201717811412441.htm">the original</a> on 17 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ch%E1%BB%A7+t%E1%BB%8Bch+Nguy%E1%BB%85n+Th%C3%A0nh+Phong%3A+D%E1%BB%B1+b%C3%A1o+d%C3%A2n+s%E1%BB%91+Tp.+H%E1%BB%93+Ch%C3%AD+Minh+%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn+n%C4%83m+2025+l%C3%A0+10+tri%E1%BB%87u+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+nh%C6%B0ng+nay+%C4%91%C3%A3+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1t+13+tri%E1%BB%87u+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+%28Chairman+Nguy%E1%BB%85n+Th%C3%A0nh+Phong%3A+The+official+population+of+Ho+Chi+Minh+City+is+estimated+to+reach+10+million+by+2025+but+this+number+reached+13+million+in+2017%29&rft.pub=Tr%C3%AD+th%E1%BB%A9c+tr%E1%BA%BB&rft.date=2017-08-17&rft.au=Th%E1%BA%A3o+Nguy%C3%AAn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fttvn.vn%2Fkinh-doanh%2Fchu-tich-nguyen-thanh-phong-du-bao-dan-so-tp-ho-chi-minh-den-nam-2025-la-10-trieu-nguoi-nhung-nay-da-dat-13-trieu-nguoi-5201717811412441.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vneconomy.vn/?home=detail&page=category&cat_name=17&id=7838380a353206">"Quy hoạch xây dựng vùng Tp.HCM"</a>. VnEconomy. 25 April 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080610094253/http://vneconomy.vn/?home=detail&page=category&cat_name=17&id=7838380a353206">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quy+ho%E1%BA%A1ch+x%C3%A2y+d%E1%BB%B1ng+v%C3%B9ng+Tp.HCM&rft.pub=VnEconomy&rft.date=2008-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvneconomy.vn%2F%3Fhome%3Ddetail%26page%3Dcategory%26cat_name%3D17%26id%3D7838380a353206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah/2015/08/150727_majalahlain_bawean_vietnam">"Menelusuri jejak keturunan Indonesia asal Bawean di Vietnam"</a>. <i>www.bbc.com</i> (in Indonesian). 2 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=Menelusuri+jejak+keturunan+Indonesia+asal+Bawean+di+Vietnam&rft.date=2015-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Findonesia%2Fmajalah%2F2015%2F08%2F150727_majalahlain_bawean_vietnam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100923071237/http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/an_pham/dansotphcmqua2cuocdieutra1999_2004/ttkqdtds">"Cục thống kê – Tóm tắt kết quả điều tra dân số"</a>. Pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn. 4 January 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/an_pham/dansotphcmqua2cuocdieutra1999_2004/ttkqdtds">the original</a> on 23 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C%E1%BB%A5c+th%E1%BB%91ng+k%C3%AA+%E2%80%93+T%C3%B3m+t%E1%BA%AFt+k%E1%BA%BFt+qu%E1%BA%A3+%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u+tra+d%C3%A2n+s%E1%BB%91&rft.pub=Pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn&rft.date=2001-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn%2Fan_pham%2Fdansotphcmqua2cuocdieutra1999_2004%2Fttkqdtds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/KQ-toan-bo-1.pdf">THE 2009 VIETNAM POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS</a> Tổng cục Thống kê Việt Nam. Table 7, §79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/thong_ke/so_ca_nuoc/vi_tri?left_menu=1">Statistics in 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071113081605/http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/thong_ke/so_ca_nuoc/vi_tri?left_menu=1">Archived</a> 13 November 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on the city's official website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vienkinhte.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/xemtin.asp?idcha=683&cap=3&id=767">Ho Chi Minh City Economics Institute</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080415220843/http://www.vienkinhte.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/xemtin.asp?idcha=683&cap=3&id=767">Archived</a> 15 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHana_R._Alberts2009" class="citation web cs1">Hana R. Alberts (21 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2009/12/21/asia-most-expensive-places-lifestyle-real-estate-cities_slide_8.html">"<i>Forbes</i> profile of Vietnam"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514144636/http://www.forbes.com/2009/12/21/asia-most-expensive-places-lifestyle-real-estate-cities_slide_8.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Forbes+profile+of+Vietnam&rft.date=2009-12-21&rft.au=Hana+R.+Alberts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2009%2F12%2F21%2Fasia-most-expensive-places-lifestyle-real-estate-cities_slide_8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hàn Ni, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sggp.org.vn/kinhte/2007/11/128733">"TPHCM dẫn đầu thu hút vốn FDI vì biết cách bứt phá"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090415215218/http://www.sggp.org.vn/kinhte/2007/11/128733/">Archived</a> 15 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Sài Gòn giải phóng</i>, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wto-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wto_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thongtinthuongmaivietnam.com.vn/IWINews.aspx?CatalogID=2426&ID=64806">"TPHCM sau 1 năm gia nhập WTO – Vượt lên chính mình..."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404095748/http://www.thongtinthuongmaivietnam.com.vn/IWINews.aspx?CatalogID=2426&ID=64806">Archived</a> 4 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Trung tâm thông tin thương mại</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinh_Anh" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Minh Anh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203195439/https://cuoi.tuoitre.vn/chu-de/sai-gon-201.html">"Sài Gòn trong mắt bạn trẻ"</a>. <i>TUOI TRE ONLINE</i> (in Vietnamese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cuoi.tuoitre.vn/chu-de/sai-gon-201.html">the original</a> on 3 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TUOI+TRE+ONLINE&rft.atitle=S%C3%A0i+G%C3%B2n+trong+m%E1%BA%AFt+b%E1%BA%A1n+tr%E1%BA%BB&rft.au=Minh+Anh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcuoi.tuoitre.vn%2Fchu-de%2Fsai-gon-201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090519221052/http://www.vnbusinessnews.com/2008/12/ho-chi-minh-city-attracts-record-fdi-in.html">"Ho Chi Minh City attracts record FDI in 2008"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vnbusinessnews.com/2008/12/ho-chi-minh-city-attracts-record-fdi-in.html">the original</a> on 19 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ho+Chi+Minh+City+attracts+record+FDI+in+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vnbusinessnews.com%2F2008%2F12%2Fho-chi-minh-city-attracts-record-fdi-in.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116190345/http://www.bsc.com.vn/News/2011/1/4/128448.aspx">"10 điểm nổi bật trong tình hình kinh tế – xã hội TPHCM năm 2010"</a>. Bsc.com.vn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsc.com.vn/News/2011/1/4/128448.aspx">the original</a> on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+%C4%91i%E1%BB%83m+n%E1%BB%95i+b%E1%BA%ADt+trong+t%C3%ACnh+h%C3%ACnh+kinh+t%E1%BA%BF+%E2%80%93+x%C3%A3+h%E1%BB%99i+TPHCM+n%C4%83m+2010&rft.pub=Bsc.com.vn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsc.com.vn%2FNews%2F2011%2F1%2F4%2F128448.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVnExpress" class="citation web cs1">VnExpress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121227211800/http://vnexpress.net/gl/kinh-doanh/2012/12/tp-hcm-dat-muc-tieu-thu-nhap-binh-quan-4-000-usd-moi-nguoi/">"TP HCM đặt mục tiêu thu nhập bình quân 4.000 USD mỗi người"</a>. <i>VnExpress</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vnexpress.net/gl/kinh-doanh/2012/12/tp-hcm-dat-muc-tieu-thu-nhap-binh-quan-4-000-usd-moi-nguoi/">the original</a> on 27 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VnExpress&rft.atitle=TP+HCM+%C4%91%E1%BA%B7t+m%E1%BB%A5c+ti%C3%AAu+thu+nh%E1%BA%ADp+b%C3%ACnh+qu%C3%A2n+4.000+USD+m%E1%BB%97i+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di&rft.au=VnExpress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvnexpress.net%2Fgl%2Fkinh-doanh%2F2012%2F12%2Ftp-hcm-dat-muc-tieu-thu-nhap-binh-quan-4-000-usd-moi-nguoi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022084641/http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=81a32bfe-59a2-46dd-96dc-e36ae460f5b4&groupId=18">"TÌNH HÌNH KINH TẾ XÃ HỘI Tháng 9 và 9 tháng năm 2013"</a> [SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION September and May 9, 2013] (in Vietnamese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=81a32bfe-59a2-46dd-96dc-e36ae460f5b4&groupId=18">the original</a> on 22 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%C3%8CNH+H%C3%8CNH+KINH+T%E1%BA%BE+X%C3%83+H%E1%BB%98I+Th%C3%A1ng+9+v%C3%A0+9+th%C3%A1ng+n%C4%83m+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn%2Fc%2Fdocument_library%2Fget_file%3Fuuid%3D81a32bfe-59a2-46dd-96dc-e36ae460f5b4%26groupId%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hanoimoi.com.vn/Tin-tuc/Kinh-te/725612/gdp-binh-quan-dau-nguoi-cua-tp-ho-chi-minh-dat-5131-usd">"GDP bình quân đầu người của TP Hồ Chí Minh đạt 5.131 USD – Hànộimới"</a>. Hanoimoi.com.vn. 23 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141205054209/http://hanoimoi.com.vn/Tin-tuc/Kinh-te/725612/gdp-binh-quan-dau-nguoi-cua-tp-ho-chi-minh-dat-5131-usd">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GDP+b%C3%ACnh+qu%C3%A2n+%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+c%E1%BB%A7a+TP+H%E1%BB%93+Ch%C3%AD+Minh+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1t+5.131+USD+%E2%80%93+H%C3%A0n%E1%BB%99im%E1%BB%9Bi&rft.pub=Hanoimoi.com.vn&rft.date=2014-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhanoimoi.com.vn%2FTin-tuc%2FKinh-te%2F725612%2Fgdp-binh-quan-dau-nguoi-cua-tp-ho-chi-minh-dat-5131-usd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFetime.danviet.vn2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">etime.danviet.vn (16 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etime.danviet.vn/grdp-binh-quan-dau-nguoi-tp-hcm-nam-2020-uoc-dat-6328-usd-20201016101927787.htm">"GRDP bình quân đầu người TP. HCM năm 2020 ước đạt 6.328 USD"</a>. <i>danviet.vn</i> (in Vietnamese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220210230359/https://etime.danviet.vn/grdp-binh-quan-dau-nguoi-tp-hcm-nam-2020-uoc-dat-6328-usd-20201016101927787.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=danviet.vn&rft.atitle=GRDP+b%C3%ACnh+qu%C3%A2n+%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+TP.+HCM+n%C4%83m+2020+%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1t+6.328+USD&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft.au=etime.danviet.vn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetime.danviet.vn%2Fgrdp-binh-quan-dau-nguoi-tp-hcm-nam-2020-uoc-dat-6328-usd-20201016101927787.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMai2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mai, Ban (14 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vneconomy.vn/vi-sao-tp-hcm-lo-muc-tieu-thu-nhap-dau-nguoi-9-800-usd-nam.htm">"Vì sao Tp.HCM lỡ mục tiêu thu nhập đầu người 9.800 USD/năm?"</a>. <i>Nhịp sống kinh tế Việt Nam & Thế giới</i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nh%E1%BB%8Bp+s%E1%BB%91ng+kinh+t%E1%BA%BF+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam+%26+Th%E1%BA%BF+gi%E1%BB%9Bi&rft.atitle=V%C3%AC+sao+Tp.HCM+l%E1%BB%A1+m%E1%BB%A5c+ti%C3%AAu+thu+nh%E1%BA%ADp+%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+9.800+USD%2Fn%C4%83m%3F&rft.date=2021-03-14&rft.aulast=Mai&rft.aufirst=Ban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvneconomy.vn%2Fvi-sao-tp-hcm-lo-muc-tieu-thu-nhap-dau-nguoi-9-800-usd-nam.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/thong_ke/giai_doan_01_06/slcy2?left_menu=1">Chỉ tiêu tổng hợp giai đoạn 2001–06</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090415184358/http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/thong_ke/giai_doan_01_06/slcy2?left_menu=1">Archived</a> 15 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ho Chi Minh City government website. (Dead Link)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Transportation/Chinese-state-port-operator-s-India-and-Vietnam-acquisitions-stall">"Chinese state port operator's India and Vietnam acquisitions stall"</a>. <i>Nikkei Asia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128040201/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Transportation/Chinese-state-port-operator-s-India-and-Vietnam-acquisitions-stall">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asia&rft.atitle=Chinese+state+port+operator%27s+India+and+Vietnam+acquisitions+stall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FBusiness%2FTransportation%2FChinese-state-port-operator-s-India-and-Vietnam-acquisitions-stall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064745/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/asean-business/a-primer-on-china%E2%80%99s-belt-and-road-initiative-plans-in-south-east-asia">"A primer on China's Belt and Road Initiative plans in South-east Asia"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/asean-business/a-primer-on-china%E2%80%99s-belt-and-road-initiative-plans-in-south-east-asia">the original</a> on 5 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+primer+on+China%27s+Belt+and+Road+Initiative+plans+in+South-east+Asia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesstimes.com.sg%2Fasean-business%2Fa-primer-on-china%25E2%2580%2599s-belt-and-road-initiative-plans-in-south-east-asia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Exchange rate from XE.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pcivietnam.vn/">"Chỉ số năng lực cạnh tranh cấp tỉnh (PCI)"</a>. <i>pcivietnam.vn</i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pcivietnam.vn&rft.atitle=Ch%E1%BB%89+s%E1%BB%91+n%C4%83ng+l%E1%BB%B1c+c%E1%BA%A1nh+tranh+c%E1%BA%A5p+t%E1%BB%89nh+%28PCI%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpcivietnam.vn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFthe-shiv2024" class="citation web cs1">the-shiv (13 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://the-shiv.com/doing-business-in-ho-chi-minh-city-vietnam/">"Doing Business in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 2024"</a>. <i>the-shiv</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the-shiv&rft.atitle=Doing+Business+in+Ho+Chi+Minh+City%2C+Vietnam+2024&rft.date=2024-08-13&rft.au=the-shiv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthe-shiv.com%2Fdoing-business-in-ho-chi-minh-city-vietnam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=512&idmid=5&ItemID=11010">"Tong Cuc Thong Ke"</a>. Gso.gov.vn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331050005/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=512&idmid=5&ItemID=11010">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tong+Cuc+Thong+Ke&rft.pub=Gso.gov.vn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fdefault.aspx%3Ftabid%3D512%26idmid%3D5%26ItemID%3D11010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100131070525/http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/tintuc_sk/tulieu/nr060206163738/nr061107160930/ns080114143359">"mofahcm"</a> (in Vietnamese). mofahcm. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/tintuc_sk/tulieu/nr060206163738/nr061107160930/ns080114143359">the original</a> on 31 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2010</span>. <q>Số lượng khách quốc tế đến TPHCM đã đạt tới 3 triệu lượt người, tăng 14,6% so với năm 2006, chiếm 70% tổng lượng du khách đến VN... Lượng hàng hóa vận chuyển qua cảng đạt 50,5 triệu tấn...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=mofahcm&rft.pub=mofahcm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofahcm.gov.vn%2Fvi%2Ftintuc_sk%2Ftulieu%2Fnr060206163738%2Fnr061107160930%2Fns080114143359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FrenchArchitecture-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FrenchArchitecture_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vietnam.vnanet.vn/english/tin-tuc/charming-french-architecture-in-saigon-206961.html">"Charming French architecture in Saigon"</a>. <i>Vietnam News Agency</i>. 12 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vietnam+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Charming+French+architecture+in+Saigon&rft.date=2019-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvietnam.vnanet.vn%2Fenglish%2Ftin-tuc%2Fcharming-french-architecture-in-saigon-206961.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230615234341/https://www.gis-reseau-asie.org/en/cholon-little-china-heart-saigon-0">"Cholon: A Little China in the heart of Saigon"</a>. <i>French Academic Network for Asian Studies</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gis-reseau-asie.org/en/cholon-little-china-heart-saigon-0">the original</a> on 15 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=French+Academic+Network+for+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Cholon%3A+A+Little+China+in+the+heart+of+Saigon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gis-reseau-asie.org%2Fen%2Fcholon-little-china-heart-saigon-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://saigoneer.com/vietnam-architecture/8939-how-vietnam-created-its-own-brand-of-modernist-architecture">"How Vietnam Created Its Own Brand of Modernist Architecture"</a>. <i>Saigoneer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saigoneer&rft.atitle=How+Vietnam+Created+Its+Own+Brand+of+Modernist+Architecture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsaigoneer.com%2Fvietnam-architecture%2F8939-how-vietnam-created-its-own-brand-of-modernist-architecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/asia/vietnam/articles/the-best-parks-and-green-spaces-in-ho-chi-minh-city-vietnam/">"The Best Parks and Green Spaces in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"</a>. <i>Culture Trip</i>. 26 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imminent+gridlocks&rft.pub=dandc.eu&rft.date=2013-04&rft.au=Hans-Heinrich+Bass%2C+Thanh+Trung+Nguyen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dandc.eu%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fvietnam-needs-tackle-urban-traffic-congestion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506151029/http://www.tedi.vn/vn-vi/du-an/du-an-duong-cao-toc-thanh-pho-ho-chi-minh-trung-luong/1119.html">"Dự án đường cao tốc TP.HCM – Trung Lương"</a>. Tedi.vn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tedi.vn/vn-vi/du-an/du-an-duong-cao-toc-thanh-pho-ho-chi-minh-trung-luong/1119.html">the original</a> on 6 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%E1%BB%B1+%C3%A1n+%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng+cao+t%E1%BB%91c+TP.HCM+%E2%80%93+Trung+L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&rft.pub=Tedi.vn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tedi.vn%2Fvn-vi%2Fdu-an%2Fdu-an-duong-cao-toc-thanh-pho-ho-chi-minh-trung-luong%2F1119.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508212658/http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/ngay-8-2-thong-xe-toan-cao-toc-tp-hcm-long-thanh-dau-giay-3133936.html">"Ngày 8/2 thông xe toàn cao tốc TP.HCM – Long Thành – Dầu Giây"</a>. <i>VnExpress</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/ngay-8-2-thong-xe-toan-cao-toc-tp-hcm-long-thanh-dau-giay-3133936.html">the original</a> on 8 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VnExpress&rft.atitle=Ng%C3%A0y+8%2F2+th%C3%B4ng+xe+to%C3%A0n+cao+t%E1%BB%91c+TP.HCM+%E2%80%93+Long+Th%C3%A0nh+%E2%80%93+D%E1%BA%A7u+Gi%C3%A2y&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvnexpress.net%2Ftin-tuc%2Fthoi-su%2Fngay-8-2-thong-xe-toan-cao-toc-tp-hcm-long-thanh-dau-giay-3133936.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urbansesame.com/community/international-hospitals-and-clinics-in-saigon-a-short-guide-for-expats/">"International Hospitals and Clinics in Saigon – A Short Guide for Expats"</a>. Urban Sesame. 2 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Hospitals+and+Clinics+in+Saigon+%E2%80%93+A+Short+Guide+for+Expats&rft.pub=Urban+Sesame&rft.date=2022-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furbansesame.com%2Fcommunity%2Finternational-hospitals-and-clinics-in-saigon-a-short-guide-for-expats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Association_of_Eye_Hospitals2023" class="citation web cs1">World Association of Eye Hospitals (30 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waeh.org/news/new-members-of-the-waeh-4/">"New members of the WAEH!"</a>. <i>World Association of Eye Hospitals</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Association+of+Eye+Hospitals&rft.atitle=New+members+of+the+WAEH%21&rft.date=2023-10-30&rft.au=World+Association+of+Eye+Hospitals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waeh.org%2Fnews%2Fnew-members-of-the-waeh-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTravel_&_Leisure" class="citation web cs1">Travel & Leisure. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelandleisure.com/trip-ideas/senior-travel/cheapest-countries-to-retire-abroad">"8 of the Cheapest Countries to Retire Around the World"</a>. <i>travelandleisure.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=travelandleisure.com&rft.atitle=8+of+the+Cheapest+Countries+to+Retire+Around+the+World&rft.au=Travel+%26+Leisure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelandleisure.com%2Ftrip-ideas%2Fsenior-travel%2Fcheapest-countries-to-retire-abroad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428181209/https://vanbanphapluat.co/decision-1981-qd-ttg-approving-the-structural-framework-the-national-education-system">"High School Education system"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vanbanphapluat.co/decision-1981-qd-ttg-approving-the-structural-framework-the-national-education-system">the original</a> on 28 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High+School+Education+system&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvanbanphapluat.co%2Fdecision-1981-qd-ttg-approving-the-structural-framework-the-national-education-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040813134159/http://www.ou.edu.vn/english/">"Ho Chi Minh City Open University"</a>. Ou.edu.vn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ou.edu.vn/english">the original</a> on 13 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ho+Chi+Minh+City+Open+University&rft.pub=Ou.edu.vn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ou.edu.vn%2Fenglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501184914/http://rmit.edu.vn/">"RMIT University website"</a>. Rmit.edu.vn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rmit.edu.vn/">the original</a> on 1 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RMIT+University+website&rft.pub=Rmit.edu.vn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmit.edu.vn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130303134442/http://www.siu.edu.vn/Pages/MySite.aspx">"Saigon International University"</a>. siu.edu.vn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siu.edu.vn/pages/MySite.aspx">the original</a> on 3 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saigon+International+University&rft.pub=siu.edu.vn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siu.edu.vn%2Fpages%2FMySite.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130307112155/http://www.siu.edu.vn/pages/ViewDocument.aspx?Type=3&ID=3943">"SIU Group of Asian International Education"</a>. siu.edu.vn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siu.edu.vn/pages/ViewDocument.aspx?Type=3&ID=3943">the original</a> on 7 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SIU+Group+of+Asian+International+Education&rft.pub=siu.edu.vn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siu.edu.vn%2Fpages%2FViewDocument.aspx%3FType%3D3%26ID%3D3943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081029002034/http://www.siu.edu.vn/pages/ViewDocument.aspx?ID=18301&Type=3">"Schedule of Course Fees"</a>. siu.edu.vn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siu.edu.vn/pages/ViewDocument.aspx?ID=18301&Type=3">the original</a> on 29 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schedule+of+Course+Fees&rft.pub=siu.edu.vn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siu.edu.vn%2Fpages%2FViewDocument.aspx%3FID%3D18301%26Type%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 2014, tourism revenue has hit VND 78.7 trillion (US$3.7 billion), up to 4 percent compared to the same period in 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tuoitrenews.vn/features/13002/ho-chi-minh-citys-westerners-town">"Ho Chi Minh City backpackers' town – Tuoi Tre News"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160808141518/http://tuoitrenews.vn/features/13002/ho-chi-minh-citys-westerners-town">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ho+Chi+Minh+City+backpackers%27+town+%E2%80%93+Tuoi+Tre+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftuoitrenews.vn%2Ffeatures%2F13002%2Fho-chi-minh-citys-westerners-town&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thongtinthuongmaivietnam1-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thongtinthuongmaivietnam1_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.thongtinthuongmaivietnam.com.vn/IWINews.aspx?CatalogID=2426&ID=64806">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404095748/http://www.thongtinthuongmaivietnam.com.vn/IWINews.aspx?CatalogID=2426&ID=64806">Archived</a> 4 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTITC" class="citation web cs1">TITC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/english/items/12419">"HCM City welcomes six millionth int'l visitor in 2017"</a>. <i>Tổng cục Du lịch Việt Nam</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=T%E1%BB%95ng+c%E1%BB%A5c+Du+l%E1%BB%8Bch+Vi%E1%BB%87t+Nam&rft.atitle=HCM+City+welcomes+six+millionth+int%27l+visitor+in+2017&rft.au=TITC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvietnamtourism.gov.vn%2Fenglish%2Fitems%2F12419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VNExpress-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VNExpress_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e.vnexpress.net/news/travel/places/mastercard-lists-hanoi-hcmc-among-top-20-asia-pacific-travel-destinations-3982199.html">"Mastercard lists Hanoi, HCMC among top 20 Asia-Pacific travel destinations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/VNExpress" class="mw-redirect" title="VNExpress">VNExpress</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191022012813/https://e.vnexpress.net/news/travel/places/mastercard-lists-hanoi-hcmc-among-top-20-asia-pacific-travel-destinations-3982199.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VNExpress&rft.atitle=Mastercard+lists+Hanoi%2C+HCMC+among+top+20+Asia-Pacific+travel+destinations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe.vnexpress.net%2Fnews%2Ftravel%2Fplaces%2Fmastercard-lists-hanoi-hcmc-among-top-20-asia-pacific-travel-destinations-3982199.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalmusky2020" class="citation web cs1">Kalmusky, Katie (20 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/vietnam/articles/the-6-best-art-galleries-in-ho-chi-minh-city-vietnam/">"The 6 Best Art Galleries in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"</a>. <i>Culture Trip</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Culture+Trip&rft.atitle=The+6+Best+Art+Galleries+in+Ho+Chi+Minh+City%2C+Vietnam&rft.date=2020-05-20&rft.aulast=Kalmusky&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Fvietnam%2Farticles%2Fthe-6-best-art-galleries-in-ho-chi-minh-city-vietnam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuide" class="citation web cs1">Guide, City Pass. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypassguide.com/blog/why-is-food-so-cheap-in-vietnam">"City Pass Guide"</a>. <i>Why Is Food So Cheap in Vietnam?</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504193337/https://www.citypassguide.com/blog/why-is-food-so-cheap-in-vietnam">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Why+Is+Food+So+Cheap+in+Vietnam%3F&rft.atitle=City+Pass+Guide&rft.aulast=Guide&rft.aufirst=City+Pass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypassguide.com%2Fblog%2Fwhy-is-food-so-cheap-in-vietnam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVnExpress" class="citation web cs1">VnExpress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e.vnexpress.net/news/travel/food/saigon-among-top-five-global-cities-for-street-food-survey-3995290.html">"Saigon among top five global cities for street food: survey – VnExpress International"</a>. <i>VnExpress International – Latest news, business, travel and analysis from Vietnam</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122233026/https://e.vnexpress.net/news/travel/food/saigon-among-top-five-global-cities-for-street-food-survey-3995290.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VnExpress+International+%E2%80%93+Latest+news%2C+business%2C+travel+and+analysis+from+Vietnam&rft.atitle=Saigon+among+top+five+global+cities+for+street+food%3A+survey+%E2%80%93+VnExpress+International&rft.au=VnExpress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe.vnexpress.net%2Fnews%2Ftravel%2Ffood%2Fsaigon-among-top-five-global-cities-for-street-food-survey-3995290.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/so_lieu_ktxh/2005/Van_hoa_giao_duc_y_te/0921.htm">Exercise and sports</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091230010144/http://www.pso.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/so_lieu_ktxh/2005/Van_hoa_giao_duc_y_te/0921.htm">Archived</a> 30 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. PSO Ho Chi Minh City.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zingnews.vn/zingnews-post1334930.html">"Cảnh xuống cấp tại nhà thi đấu hiện đại bậc nhất ở TP.HCM"</a>. <i>ZingNews.vn</i>. 25 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZingNews.vn&rft.atitle=C%E1%BA%A3nh+xu%E1%BB%91ng+c%E1%BA%A5p+t%E1%BA%A1i+nh%C3%A0+thi+%C4%91%E1%BA%A5u+hi%E1%BB%87n+%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i+b%E1%BA%ADc+nh%E1%BA%A5t+%E1%BB%9F+TP.HCM&rft.date=2022-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzingnews.vn%2Fzingnews-post1334930.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFONLINE2012" class="citation web cs1">ONLINE, TUOI TRE (29 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tuoitre.vn/news-518079.htm">"Chính thức xóa sổ CLB Navibank Sài Gòn"</a>. <i>TUOI TRE ONLINE</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TUOI+TRE+ONLINE&rft.atitle=Ch%C3%ADnh+th%E1%BB%A9c+x%C3%B3a+s%E1%BB%95+CLB+Navibank+S%C3%A0i+G%C3%B2n&rft.date=2012-10-29&rft.aulast=ONLINE&rft.aufirst=TUOI+TRE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftuoitre.vn%2Fnews-518079.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111227210225/http://www.aseanbasketballleague.com/news/detail/6527/ssa-saigon-heat-joins-the-airasia-asean-basketball-league">"ASEAN Basketball League website"</a>. Aseanbasketballleague.com. 22 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aseanbasketballleague.com/news/detail/6527/ssa-saigon-heat-joins-the-airasia-asean-basketball-league">the original</a> on 27 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASEAN+Basketball+League+website&rft.pub=Aseanbasketballleague.com&rft.date=2011-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aseanbasketballleague.com%2Fnews%2Fdetail%2F6527%2Fssa-saigon-heat-joins-the-airasia-asean-basketball-league&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111227210225/http://www.aseanbasketballleague.com/news/detail/6527/ssa-saigon-heat-joins-the-airasia-asean-basketball-league">"SSA Saigon Heat Joins the AirAsia ASEAN Basketball League"</a>. ABL News. 20 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aseanbasketballleague.com/news/detail/6527/ssa-saigon-heat-joins-the-airasia-asean-basketball-league">the original</a> on 27 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SSA+Saigon+Heat+Joins+the+AirAsia+ASEAN+Basketball+League&rft.pub=ABL+News&rft.date=2011-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aseanbasketballleague.com%2Fnews%2Fdetail%2F6527%2Fssa-saigon-heat-joins-the-airasia-asean-basketball-league&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urbansesame.com/community/a-rough-guide-to-saigon-sports-clubs-and-activities-with-mens-and-womens-teams/">"Saigon Sports Clubs and Activities – with Men's and Women's Teams"</a>. Urbansesame.com. 15 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saigon+Sports+Clubs+and+Activities+%E2%80%93+with+Men%27s+and+Women%27s+Teams&rft.pub=Urbansesame.com&rft.date=2022-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furbansesame.com%2Fcommunity%2Fa-rough-guide-to-saigon-sports-clubs-and-activities-with-mens-and-womens-teams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.angloinfo.com/hcmc/directory/hcmc-sports-clubs-associations-581">"Sports Clubs & Associations – Ho Chi Minh City Business Directory – Angloinfo"</a>. <i>Angloinfo Ho Chi Minh City</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516094256/https://www.angloinfo.com/hcmc/directory/hcmc-sports-clubs-associations-581">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Angloinfo+Ho+Chi+Minh+City&rft.atitle=Sports+Clubs+%26+Associations+%E2%80%93+Ho+Chi+Minh+City+Business+Directory+%E2%80%93+Angloinfo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.angloinfo.com%2Fhcmc%2Fdirectory%2Fhcmc-sports-clubs-associations-581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ir-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ir_157-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ir_157-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/hoptac_qt/nr041014110554/ns150417132533">"Danh sách địa phương nước ngoài kết nghĩa với TpHCM"</a> (in Vietnamese). Sở ngoại vụ Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210607074850/http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/hoptac_qt/nr041014110554/ns150417132533">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Danh+s%C3%A1ch+%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba+ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc+ngo%C3%A0i+k%E1%BA%BFt+ngh%C4%A9a+v%E1%BB%9Bi+TpHCM&rft.pub=S%E1%BB%9F+ngo%E1%BA%A1i+v%E1%BB%A5+Th%C3%A0nh+ph%E1%BB%91+H%E1%BB%93+Ch%C3%AD+Minh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mofahcm.gov.vn%2Fvi%2Fhoptac_qt%2Fnr041014110554%2Fns150417132533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306063709/https://www.leipzig.de/buergerservice-und-verwaltung/internationales/internationale-kooperationen/ho-chi-minh-stadt-und-vietnam/#c201714">"Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt"</a>. Stadt Leipzig. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leipzig.de/buergerservice-und-verwaltung/internationales/internationale-kooperationen/ho-chi-minh-stadt-und-vietnam#c201714">the original</a> on 6 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt&rft.pub=Stadt+Leipzig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leipzig.de%2Fbuergerservice-und-verwaltung%2Finternationales%2Finternationale-kooperationen%2Fho-chi-minh-stadt-und-vietnam%23c201714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.baochinhphu.vn/hcm-city-new-york-establish-sister-city-relationship-111230923105920502.htm">"HCM City, New York establish sister city relationship"</a>. Government of Vietnam. 23 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HCM+City%2C+New+York+establish+sister+city+relationship&rft.pub=Government+of+Vietnam&rft.date=2023-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.baochinhphu.vn%2Fhcm-city-new-york-establish-sister-city-relationship-111230923105920502.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kosice.sk/mesto/partnerske-mesta-mesta-kosice">"Partnerské mestá mesta Košice"</a> (in Slovak). Košice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613102044/https://www.kosice.sk/mesto/partnerske-mesta-mesta-kosice">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Partnersk%C3%A9+mest%C3%A1+mesta+Ko%C5%A1ice&rft.pub=Ko%C5%A1ice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kosice.sk%2Fmesto%2Fpartnerske-mesta-mesta-kosice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHo+Chi+Minh+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho_Chi_Minh_City&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Ho Chi Minh City</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Ho Chi Minh City">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="extiw" title="c:Ho Chi Minh City">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Ho Chi Minh City">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Ho Chi Minh City">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/%22Ho_Chi_Minh_City%22_OR_Saigon" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/"Ho Chi Minh City" OR Saigon">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Ho Chi Minh City">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Ho Chi Minh City">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="extiw" title="voy:Ho Chi Minh City">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100218043919/http://hochiminhcity.gov.vn/">Official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Vietnamese and English)</span> (archived 18 February 2010)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151026014622/http://www.eng.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/Pages/default.aspx">Ho Chi Minh City People's Council</a> (archived 26 October 2015)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1973756">Ho Chi Minh City</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Ho Chi Minh City</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ninh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tây Ninh Province">Tây Ninh Province</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bình Dương Province">Bình Dương Province</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Long_An_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Long An Province">Long An Province</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Ho Chi Minh City</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Nai_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Đồng Nai Province">Đồng Nai Province</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%81n_Giang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiền Giang Province">Tiền Giang Province</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0_R%E1%BB%8Ba%E2%80%93V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u_province" title="Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province">Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Subdivisions of Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions of Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Subdivisions of Vietnam">Subdivisions of Vietnam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Vietnam" title="Central Vietnam">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Vietnam" title="Southern Vietnam">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%A1" title="Cần Thơ">Cần Thơ</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_(Vietnam)" title="Northeast (Vietnam)">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Giang_province" title="Bắc Giang province">Bắc Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_K%E1%BA%A1n_province" title="Bắc Kạn province">Bắc Kạn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province" title="Cao Bằng province">Cao Bằng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Giang_province" title="Hà Giang province">Hà Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1ng_S%C6%A1n_province" title="Lạng Sơn province">Lạng Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Th%E1%BB%8D_province" title="Phú Thọ province">Phú Thọ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ninh_province" title="Quảng Ninh province">Quảng Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn_province" title="Thái Nguyên province">Thái Nguyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuy%C3%AAn_Quang_province" title="Tuyên Quang province">Tuyên Quang </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_(Vietnam)" title="Northwest (Vietnam)">Northwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_Bi%C3%AAn_province" title="Điện Biên province">Điện Biên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Hòa Bình province">Hòa Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Ch%C3%A2u_province" title="Lai Châu province">Lai Châu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A0o_Cai_province" title="Lào Cai province">Lào Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_La_province" title="Sơn La province">Sơn La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AAn_B%C3%A1i_province" title="Yên Bái province">Yên Bái</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Red River Delta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Ninh_province" title="Bắc Ninh province">Bắc Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Nam_province" title="Hà Nam province">Hà Nam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Hải Dương province">Hải Dương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_Y%C3%AAn_province" title="Hưng Yên province">Hưng Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_province" title="Nam Định province">Nam Định</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninh_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Ninh Bình province">Ninh Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Thái Bình province">Thái Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Ph%C3%BAc_province" title="Vĩnh Phúc province">Vĩnh Phúc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Coast" title="North Central Coast">North Central Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C4%A9nh_province" title="Hà Tĩnh province">Hà Tĩnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%87_An_province" title="Nghệ An province">Nghệ An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Quảng Bình province">Quảng Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Tr%E1%BB%8B_province" title="Quảng Trị province">Quảng Trị</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a_province" title="Thanh Hóa province">Thanh Hóa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%ABa_Thi%C3%AAn_Hu%E1%BA%BF_province" title="Thừa Thiên Huế province">Thừa Thiên Huế</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Coast" title="South Central Coast">South Central Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_province" title="Bình Định province">Bình Định</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn_province" title="Bình Thuận province">Bình Thuận</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%A1nh_H%C3%B2a_province" title="Khánh Hòa province">Khánh Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn_province" title="Ninh Thuận province">Ninh Thuận</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Y%C3%AAn_province" title="Phú Yên province">Phú Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Nam_province" title="Quảng Nam province">Quảng Nam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ng%C3%A3i_province" title="Quảng Ngãi province">Quảng Ngãi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Vietnam)" title="Central Highlands (Vietnam)">Central Highlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%AFk_L%E1%BA%AFk_province" title="Đắk Lắk province">Đắk Lắk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C4%83k_N%C3%B4ng_province" title="Đăk Nông province">Đắk Nông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gia_Lai_province" title="Gia Lai province">Gia Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kon_Tum_province" title="Kon Tum province">Kon Tum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A2m_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_province" title="Lâm Đồng province">Lâm Đồng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_(Vietnam)" title="Southeast (Vietnam)">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0_R%E1%BB%8Ba%E2%80%93V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u_province" title="Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province">Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Bình Dương province">Bình Dương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_province" title="Bình Phước province">Bình Phước</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Nai_province" title="Đồng Nai province">Đồng Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ninh_province" title="Tây Ninh province">Tây Ninh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Giang_province" title="An Giang province">An Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1c_Li%C3%AAu_province" title="Bạc Liêu province">Bạc Liêu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%BFn_Tre_province" title="Bến Tre province">Bến Tre </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0_Mau_province" title="Cà Mau province">Cà Mau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Th%C3%A1p_province" title="Đồng Tháp province">Đồng Tháp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%ADu_Giang_province" title="Hậu Giang province">Hậu Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki%C3%AAn_Giang_province" title="Kiên Giang province">Kiên Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_An_province" title="Long An province">Long An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3c_Tr%C4%83ng_province" title="Sóc Trăng province">Sóc Trăng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%81n_Giang_province" title="Tiền Giang province">Tiền Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A0_Vinh_province" title="Trà Vinh province">Trà Vinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Long_province" title="Vĩnh Long province">Vĩnh Long</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district-level_subdivisions_in_Vietnam" title="List of district-level subdivisions in Vietnam">District level subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune-level_subdivisions_(Vietnam)" title="Commune-level subdivisions (Vietnam)">Commune level subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">List of cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam#Historical_provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">List of former provinces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Vietnam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Vietnam" title="Template:Cities in Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Cities in Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Vietnam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%A1" title="Cần Thơ">Cần Thơ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_city_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal city (Vietnam)">Municipal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thủ Đức">Thủ Đức</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_Nguy%C3%AAn" class="mw-redirect" title="Thủy Nguyên">Thủy Nguyên</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provincial_city_(Vietnam)" title="Provincial city (Vietnam)">Provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Ninh" title="Bắc Ninh">Bắc Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%AAn_H%C3%B2a" title="Biên Hòa">Biên Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B4n_Ma_Thu%E1%BB%99t" title="Buôn Ma Thuột">Buôn Ma Thuột</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Lat" title="Da Lat">Da Lat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1_Long" title="Hạ Long">Hạ Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Hải Dương">Hải Dương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Xuy%C3%AAn" title="Long Xuyên">Long Xuyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_Tho" title="Mỹ Tho">Mỹ Tho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nha_Trang" title="Nha Trang">Nha Trang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiku" title="Pleiku">Pleiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quy_Nhon" title="Quy Nhon">Quy Nhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn" title="Thái Nguyên">Thái Nguyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a" title="Thanh Hóa">Thanh Hóa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_D%E1%BA%A7u_M%E1%BB%99t" title="Thủ Dầu Một">Thủ Dầu Một</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Tr%C3%AC" title="Việt Trì">Việt Trì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinh" title="Vinh">Vinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u" title="Vũng Tàu">Vũng Tàu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0_R%E1%BB%8Ba" title="Bà Rịa">Bà Rịa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1c_Li%C3%AAu" title="Bạc Liêu">Bạc Liêu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Giang" title="Bắc Giang">Bắc Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%BFn_Tre" title="Bến Tre">Bến Tre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0_Mau" title="Cà Mau">Cà Mau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_L%C3%A3nh_(city)" title="Cao Lãnh (city)">Cao Lãnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A9m_Ph%E1%BA%A3" title="Cẩm Phả">Cẩm Phả</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2u_%C4%90%E1%BB%91c" title="Châu Đốc">Châu Đốc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_H%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đồng Hới">Đồng Hới</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C4%A9nh" title="Hà Tĩnh">Hà Tĩnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A0o_Cai" title="Lào Cai">Lào Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1ng_S%C6%A1n" title="Lạng Sơn">Lạng Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3ng_C%C3%A1i" title="Móng Cái">Móng Cái</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh" title="Nam Định">Nam Định</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninh_B%C3%ACnh" title="Ninh Bình">Ninh Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phan_Rang%E2%80%93Th%C3%A1p_Ch%C3%A0m" title="Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm">Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phan_Thi%E1%BA%BFt" title="Phan Thiết">Phan Thiết</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%A7_L%C3%BD" title="Phủ Lý">Phủ Lý</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Phú Quốc">Phú Quốc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ng%C3%A3i" title="Quảng Ngãi">Quảng Ngãi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%E1%BA%A1ch_Gi%C3%A1" title="Rạch Giá">Rạch Giá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_%C4%90%C3%A9c" title="Sa Đéc">Sa Đéc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_La" title="Sơn La">Sơn La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Tam Kỳ">Tam Kỳ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2n_An" title="Tân An">Tân An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh" title="Thái Bình">Thái Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A0_Vinh" title="Trà Vinh">Trà Vinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuy_H%C3%B2a" title="Tuy Hòa">Tuy Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%B4ng_B%C3%AD" title="Uông Bí">Uông Bí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%E1%BB%8B_Thanh" title="Vị Thanh">Vị Thanh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Long" title="Vĩnh Long">Vĩnh Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Y%C3%AAn" title="Vĩnh Yên">Vĩnh Yên</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_K%E1%BA%A1n" title="Bắc Kạn">Bắc Kạn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_L%E1%BB%99c" title="Bảo Lộc">Bảo Lộc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%BFn_C%C3%A1t" title="Bến Cát">Bến Cát</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_Ranh" title="Cam Ranh">Cam Ranh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Cao Bằng">Cao Bằng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AD_Linh" title="Chí Linh">Chí Linh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%A9_An" title="Dĩ An">Dĩ An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_Bi%C3%AAn_Ph%E1%BB%A7" title="Điện Biên Phủ">Điện Biên Phủ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_H%C3%A0" title="Đông Hà">Đông Hà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Tri%E1%BB%81u" title="Đông Triều">Đông Triều</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Xo%C3%A0i" title="Đồng Xoài">Đồng Xoài</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gia_Ngh%C4%A9a" title="Gia Nghĩa">Gia Nghĩa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B2_C%C3%B4ng" title="Gò Công">Gò Công</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Giang" title="Hà Giang">Hà Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Ti%C3%AAn" title="Hà Tiên">Hà Tiên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_B%C3%ACnh_(city)" title="Hòa Bình (city)">Hòa Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_An" title="Hội An">Hội An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_Y%C3%AAn" title="Hưng Yên">Hưng Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_Ng%E1%BB%B1_(city)" title="Hồng Ngự (city)">Hồng Ngự</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kon_Tum" title="Kon Tum">Kon Tum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Lai Châu">Lai Châu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Kh%C3%A1nh" title="Long Khánh">Long Khánh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%A3_B%E1%BA%A3y" title="Ngã Bảy">Ngã Bảy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%95_Y%C3%AAn" title="Phổ Yên">Phổ Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BAc_Y%C3%AAn" title="Phúc Yên">Phúc Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%A7m_S%C6%A1n" title="Sầm Sơn">Sầm Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3c_Tr%C4%83ng" title="Sóc Trăng">Sóc Trăng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_C%C3%B4ng" title="Sông Công">Sông Công</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2n_Uy%C3%AAn,_B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Tân Uyên, Bình Dương">Tân Uyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam_%C4%90i%E1%BB%87p" title="Tam Điệp">Tam Điệp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ninh" title="Tây Ninh">Tây Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADn_An" title="Thuận An">Thuận An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuy%C3%AAn_Quang" title="Tuyên Quang">Tuyên Quang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%AB_S%C6%A1n" title="Từ Sơn">Từ Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AAn_B%C3%A1i" title="Yên Bái">Yên Bái</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/District-level_town_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="District-level town (Vietnam)">District-level towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Nh%C6%A1n" title="An Nhơn">An Nhơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BB%89m_S%C6%A1n" title="Bỉm Sơn">Bỉm Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Minh" title="Bình Minh">Bình Minh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_L%E1%BA%ADy_(town)" title="Cai Lậy (town)">Cai Lậy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%ADa_L%C3%B2" title="Cửa Lò">Cửa Lò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E1%BB%B3_Anh_(town)" title="Kỳ Anh (town)">Kỳ Anh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Gi" title="La Gi">La Gi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_M%E1%BB%B9_(town)" title="Long Mỹ (town)">Long Mỹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_M%E1%BB%B9" title="Phú Mỹ">Phú Mỹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Phú Thọ">Phú Thọ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Y%C3%AAn" title="Quảng Yên">Quảng Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_C%E1%BA%A7u" title="Sông Cầu">Sông Cầu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_T%C3%A2y,_Hanoi" title="Sơn Tây, Hanoi">Sơn Tây</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2n_Ch%C3%A2u,_An_Giang" title="Tân Châu, An Giang">Tân Châu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class-4</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Kh%C3%AA" title="An Khê">An Khê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayun_Pa" title="Ayun Pa">Ayun Pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_%C4%90%E1%BB%93n" title="Ba Đồn">Ba Đồn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Long" title="Bình Long">Bình Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B4n_H%E1%BB%93" title="Buôn Hồ">Buôn Hồ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C6%A1n_Th%C3%A0nh" title="Chơn Thành">Chơn Thành</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duy_Ti%C3%AAn" title="Duy Tiên">Duy Tiên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duy%C3%AAn_H%E1%BA%A3i_(town)" title="Duyên Hải (town)">Duyên Hải</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_B%C3%A0n" title="Điện Bàn">Điện Bàn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Ph%E1%BB%95" title="Đức Phổ">Đức Phổ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_H%C3%B2a" title="Đông Hòa">Đông Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gi%C3%A1_Rai" title="Giá Rai">Giá Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_Th%C3%A0nh" title="Hòa Thành">Hòa Thành</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0i_Nh%C6%A1n" title="Hoài Nhơn">Hoài Nhơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_Mai,_Ngh%E1%BB%87_An" title="Hoàng Mai, Nghệ An">Hoàng Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_L%C4%A9nh" title="Hồng Lĩnh">Hồng Lĩnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Th%E1%BB%A7y" title="Hương Thủy">Hương Thủy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Tr%C3%A0" title="Hương Trà">Hương Trà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki%E1%BA%BFn_T%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Kiến Tường">Kiến Tường</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinh_M%C3%B4n" title="Kinh Môn">Kinh Môn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Lay" title="Mường Lay">Mường Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_H%C3%A0o" title="Mỹ Hào">Mỹ Hào</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%A3_N%C4%83m" title="Ngã Năm">Ngã Năm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nghi_S%C6%A1n" title="Nghi Sơn">Nghi Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngh%C4%A9a_L%E1%BB%99" title="Nghĩa Lộ">Nghĩa Lộ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninh_H%C3%B2a" title="Ninh Hòa">Ninh Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Long,_B%C3%ACnh_Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Phước Long, Bình Phước">Phước Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Quảng Trị">Quảng Trị</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%BF_V%C3%B5" title="Quế Võ">Quế Võ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_Pa" title="Sa Pa">Sa Pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_H%C3%B2a" title="Thái Hòa">Thái Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADn_Th%C3%A0nh" title="Thuận Thành">Thuận Thành</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%8Bnh_Bi%C3%AAn" title="Tịnh Biên">Tịnh Biên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A3ng_B%C3%A0ng" title="Trảng Bàng">Trảng Bàng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Y%C3%AAn" class="mw-redirect" title="Việt Yên">Việt Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Vĩnh Châu">Vĩnh Châu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Template:Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Template talk:Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Core city</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ho Chi Minh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Satellite provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0_R%E1%BB%8Ba%E2%80%93V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u_province" title="Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province">Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Bình Dương province">Bình Dương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_province" title="Bình Phước province">Bình Phước</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Nai_province" title="Đồng Nai province">Đồng Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_An_province" title="Long An province">Long An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ninh_province" title="Tây Ninh province">Tây Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%81n_Giang_province" title="Tiền Giang province">Tiền Giang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Metropolitan_areas_of_Vietnam" title="Category:Metropolitan areas of Vietnam">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template talk:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most-populous urban areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">Delhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Capital_Area" title="Seoul Capital Area">Seoul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata metropolitan area">Kolkata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka" title="Greater Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangalore" title="Greater Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="31"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Tehran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_metropolitan_area" title="Chennai metropolitan area">Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="41"><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_metropolitan_area" title="Lima metropolitan area">Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metropolitan_Region" title="Hyderabad Metropolitan Region">Hyderabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Surabaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung</a></li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Vietnam&#124;link=Vietnam_Vietnam_cities_with_a_200,000+_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Vietnam" title="Template:Most populous cities in Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_populous_cities_in_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Most populous cities in Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_populous_cities_in_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most populous cities in Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Vietnam&#124;link=Vietnam_Vietnam_cities_with_a_200,000+_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Vietnam cities with a 200,000+ population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000 and more</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> (capital)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000–1,999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%A1" title="Cần Thơ">Cần Thơ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%AAn_H%C3%B2a" title="Biên Hòa">Biên Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thủ Đức">Thủ Đức</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000–999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Hải Dương">Hải Dương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADn_An" title="Thuận An">Thuận An</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–499,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nha_Trang" title="Nha Trang">Nha Trang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%A9_An" title="Dĩ An">Dĩ An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B4n_Ma_Thu%E1%BB%99t" title="Buôn Ma Thuột">Buôn Ma Thuột</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a" title="Thanh Hóa">Thanh Hóa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u" title="Vũng Tàu">Vũng Tàu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn" title="Thái Nguyên">Thái Nguyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinh" title="Vinh">Vinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_D%E1%BA%A7u_M%E1%BB%99t" title="Thủ Dầu Một">Thủ Dầu Một</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1_Long" title="Hạ Long">Hạ Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quy_Nhon" title="Quy Nhon">Quy Nhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Xuy%C3%AAn" title="Long Xuyên">Long Xuyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ng%C3%A3i" title="Quảng Ngãi">Quảng Ngãi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiku" title="Pleiku">Pleiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Ninh" title="Bắc Ninh">Bắc Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh" title="Nam Định">Nam Định</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_Tho" title="Mỹ Tho">Mỹ Tho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%E1%BA%A1ch_Gi%C3%A1" title="Rạch Giá">Rạch Giá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phan_Thi%E1%BA%BFt" title="Phan Thiết">Phan Thiết</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Lat" title="Da Lat">Da Lat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0_Mau" title="Cà Mau">Cà Mau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AD_Linh" title="Chí Linh">Chí Linh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Tr%C3%AC" title="Việt Trì">Việt Trì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh" title="Thái Bình">Thái Bình</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Largest_cities_and_municipalities_in_VietnamSource:_2019_Vietnamese_census,_National_Assembly" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Largest cities of Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Largest_cities_and_municipalities_in_VietnamSource:_2019_Vietnamese_census,_National_Assembly" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam#Classification" title="List of cities in Vietnam">cities and municipalities</a> in Vietnam<br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/2019_Vietnamese_census" title="2019 Vietnamese census">2019 Vietnamese census</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Vietnam)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Vietnam)">National Assembly</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Province</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam"> Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Province</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam"> Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ho Chi Minh City"><img alt="Ho Chi Minh City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline.jpg/120px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline.jpg/180px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline.jpg/240px-Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="3579" /></a></span><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ho Chi Minh City</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanoi_skyline_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hanoi"><img alt="Hanoi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hanoi_skyline_at_night.jpg/120px-Hanoi_skyline_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hanoi_skyline_at_night.jpg/180px-Hanoi_skyline_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hanoi_skyline_at_night.jpg/240px-Hanoi_skyline_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ho Chi Minh City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,993,082</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vinh" title="Vinh">Vinh</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%87_An_province" title="Nghệ An province">Nghệ An</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">473,275 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Haiphong"><img alt="Haiphong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng_City.jpg/120px-H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng_City.jpg/180px-H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng_City.jpg/240px-H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cần Thơ"><img alt="Cần Thơ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg/120px-Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg/180px-Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg/240px-Can-tho-tuonglamphotos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%A1" title="Cần Thơ">Cần Thơ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,053,663</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a" title="Thanh Hóa">Thanh Hóa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a_province" title="Thanh Hóa province">Thanh Hóa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">436,833 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,028,514</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nha_Trang" title="Nha Trang">Nha Trang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%A1nh_H%C3%B2a_province" title="Khánh Hòa province">Khánh Hòa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">422,601 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%A1" title="Cần Thơ">Cần Thơ</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,235,171</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B4n_Ma_Thu%E1%BB%99t" title="Buôn Ma Thuột">Buôn Ma Thuột</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%AFk_L%E1%BA%AFk_province" title="Đắk Lắk province">Đắk Lắk</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">375,590 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipality</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,134,310</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2n_Uy%C3%AAn,_B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Tân Uyên, Bình Dương">Tân Uyên</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Bình Dương province">Bình Dương</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">370,512 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%AAn_H%C3%B2a" title="Biên Hòa">Biên Hòa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Nai_province" title="Đồng Nai province">Đồng Nai</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,055,414</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u" title="Vũng Tàu">Vũng Tàu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0_R%E1%BB%8Ba%E2%80%93V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u_province" title="Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province">Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">357,124 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thủ Đức">Thủ Đức</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ho Chi Minh City</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,013,795</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn" title="Thái Nguyên">Thái Nguyên</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn_province" title="Thái Nguyên province">Thái Nguyên</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">340,403 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADn_An" title="Thuận An">Thuận An</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Bình Dương province">Bình Dương</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">596,227</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_Nguy%C3%AAn" class="mw-redirect" title="Thủy Nguyên">Thủy Nguyên</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">333,810 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%ABa_Thi%C3%AAn_Hu%E1%BA%BF_province" title="Thừa Thiên Huế province">Thừa Thiên Huế</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">486,781</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Giang" title="Bắc Giang">Bắc Giang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Giang_province" title="Bắc Giang province">Bắc Giang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">326,354 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/D%C4%A9_An" title="Dĩ An">Dĩ An</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Bình Dương province">Bình Dương</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">474,681</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1_Long" title="Hạ Long">Hạ Long</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ninh_province" title="Quảng Ninh province">Quảng Ninh</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">322,710 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Megacities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Megacities" title="Template:Megacities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Megacities" title="Template talk:Megacities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Megacities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Africa (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Asia (35)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China (14)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India (6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe (Keihanshin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (7)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Europe (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">America (8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1854#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1854#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1854#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121926089">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/156783568">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1221529/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4095370-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82114726">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11997131z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11997131z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ho Či Minovo Město (Vietnam)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge419715&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5695348">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/khwzxkk3542k1m1">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557559205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/c2839e36-3a65-4c80-96ea-7b6e4e73dae3">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ho Chi Minh-ville (Viet-Nam)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028060644">IdRef</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Saigon"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028060660">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044521">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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