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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakersfield_Sound" title="Bakersfield Sound – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bakersfield Sound" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonido_Bakersfield" title="Sonido Bakersfield – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sonido Bakersfield" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakersfield_sound" title="Bakersfield sound – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bakersfield sound" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakersfield_sound" title="Bakersfield sound – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bakersfield sound" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakersfield_sound" title="Bakersfield sound – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Bakersfield sound" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakersfield_Sound" title="Bakersfield Sound – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bakersfield Sound" data-language-autonym="Svenska" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Bakersfield sound</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Honky_tonk" class="mw-redirect" title="Honky tonk">honky tonk</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Mid- to late 1950s, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">Guitar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">fiddle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">bass</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Drums" class="mw-redirect" title="Drums">drums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_steel_guitar" title="Pedal steel guitar">pedal steel guitar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vocals" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocals">vocals</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_country" title="Progressive country">progressive country</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">outlaw country</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country musicians">List of country musicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_country_music" title="List of years in country music">list of years in country music</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Bakersfield sound</b> is a sub-<a href="/wiki/Musical_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical genre">genre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> developed in the mid-to-late 1950s in and around <a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McNutt152_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNutt152-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bakersfield is defined by its influences of <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk">honky-tonk</a> style country, and its heavy use of electric instrumentation and <a href="/wiki/Beat_(music)#Backbeat" title="Beat (music)">backbeats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also a reaction against the slickly produced, orchestra-laden <a href="/wiki/Nashville_sound" title="Nashville sound">Nashville sound</a>, which was becoming popular in the late 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bakersfield sound became one of the most popular and influential country genres of the 1960s, initiating a revival of honky-tonk music and influencing later <a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">country rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">outlaw country</a> musicians,<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Progressive_country" title="Progressive country">progressive country</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wynn_Stewart" title="Wynn Stewart">Wynn Stewart</a> pioneered the Bakersfield sound,<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while performing artists <a href="/wiki/Buck_Owens" title="Buck Owens">Buck Owens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a> became two of the most successful artists of the original Bakersfield era while performing with <a href="/wiki/The_Buckaroos" title="The Buckaroos">the Buckaroos</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Strangers_(American_band)" title="The Strangers (American band)">the Strangers</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-McNutt152_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNutt152-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other major Bakersfield country artists include <a href="/wiki/Jean_Shepard" title="Jean Shepard">Jean Shepard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susan_Raye" title="Susan Raye">Susan Raye</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakersfield_sound&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bakersfield sound was developed at <a href="/wiki/Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk">honky-tonk</a> bars<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as The Blackboard, and on local television stations in Bakersfield and throughout California in the 1950s and 1960s. The town, known mainly for agriculture and oil production, was the destination for many <a href="/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl">Dust Bowl</a> migrants and others from Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and parts of the Midwest.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mass migration of "<a href="/wiki/Okie" title="Okie">Okies</a>" to California also meant their music would follow and thrive, finding an audience in California's <a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a>. </p><p>Bakersfield country was a reaction to the slickly produced, string orchestra-laden Nashville sound, which was becoming popular in the late 1950s. One of the first groups to make it big on the West Coast was the <a href="/wiki/Maddox_Brothers_and_Rose" title="Maddox Brothers and Rose">Maddox Brothers and Rose</a>, who were the first to wear outlandish costumes and make a "show" out of their performances. Artists such as <a href="/wiki/Wynn_Stewart" title="Wynn Stewart">Wynn Stewart</a> used electric instruments and added a backbeat, as well as other stylistic elements borrowed from rock and roll. Important influences were <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Depression</a>-era country music superstar <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers_(country_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)">Jimmie Rodgers</a>, early 1950s honky tonk singer <a href="/wiki/Lefty_Frizzell" title="Lefty Frizzell">Lefty Frizzell</a>, and 1940s <a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a> musician <a href="/wiki/Bob_Wills" title="Bob Wills">Bob Wills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McNutt152_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNutt152-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1954, MGM recording artist Bud Hobbs recorded "Louisiana Swing" with Buck Owens on lead guitar, Bill Woods on piano, and the dual fiddles of Oscar Whittington and Jelly Sanders. "Louisiana Swing" was the first song recorded in the style known today as the "Bakersfield sound". In the early 1960s, Merle Haggard and Buck Owens and the Buckaroos, among others, brought the Bakersfield sound to mainstream audiences, and it soon became one of the most popular sounds in country music, helping spawn <a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">country rock</a> and influencing later country stars such as <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Yoakam" title="Dwight Yoakam">Dwight Yoakam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marty_Stuart" title="Marty Stuart">Marty Stuart</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Mavericks" title="The Mavericks">the Mavericks</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Derailers" title="The Derailers">the Derailers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jean_Shepard" title="Jean Shepard">Jean Shepard</a>, one of country music's first significant female artists, began her recording career on the West Coast in the 1950s. Through <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a>, Shepard's "<a href="/wiki/A_Dear_John_Letter" title="A Dear John Letter">A Dear John Letter</a>", was the first major country hit single to use entirely Bakersfield musicians. Many of her early recording sessions featured prominent members of the Bakersfield movement, including Lewis Talley and <a href="/wiki/Speedy_West" title="Speedy West">Speedy West</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GAC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Raye" title="Susan Raye">Susan Raye</a> was also a major figure in the Bakersfield sound, particularly in the 1970s, with hits such as "<a href="/wiki/L.A._International_Airport" title="L.A. International Airport">L.A. International Airport</a>". She was also a member of Buck Owens' road show and recorded several hit duets with him. Other women to emerge from the West Coast country movement include <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Owens" title="Bonnie Owens">Bonnie Owens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kay_Adams_(singer)" title="Kay Adams (singer)">Kay Adams</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rosie_Flores" title="Rosie Flores">Rosie Flores</a>. </p><p>Two important <a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> bands displayed some Bakersfield influences. <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> recorded a popular version of Owens' "<a href="/wiki/Act_Naturally" title="Act Naturally">Act Naturally</a>" with <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a> on lead vocal. Years later, <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a> made their connection explicit in the lyrics of the very Bakersfield-sounding "<a href="/wiki/Far_Away_Eyes" title="Far Away Eyes">Far Away Eyes</a>", which begins: "I was driving home early Sunday morning, through Bakersfield". </p><p>The Bakersfield sound has such a large influence on the West Coast music scene that many small guitar companies set up shop in Bakersfield in the 1960s. The <a href="/wiki/Mosrite" title="Mosrite">Mosrite</a> guitar company was located in Bakersfield until the death of the company's founder, <a href="/wiki/Oildale,_California" title="Oildale, California">Oildale</a> resident <a href="/wiki/Semie_Moseley" title="Semie Moseley">Semie Moseley</a>, in 1992. </p><p>The Bakersfield music scene remained markedly separate from the Nashville <a href="/wiki/Music_Row" title="Music Row">Music Row</a> industry at the time, as the major station in Nashville, <a href="/wiki/WSM_(AM)" title="WSM (AM)">WSM</a>, did not reach California. No Bakersfield natives (nor any other Californians until <a href="/wiki/Jon_Pardi" title="Jon Pardi">Jon Pardi</a> achieved the feat in 2023) were ever inducted into the cast of WSM's flagship <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ole_Opry" title="Grand Ole Opry">Grand Ole Opry</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buck_Owens_and_the_Buckaroos">Buck Owens and the Buckaroos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakersfield_sound&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Buck Owens and the Buckaroos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buck Owens and the Buckaroos developed it further, incorporating different styles of music to fit Owens' musical tastes. The music style features a raw set of twin <a href="/wiki/Fender_Telecaster" title="Fender Telecaster">Fender Telecasters</a> with a picking style (as opposed to strumming), a big drum beat, and fiddle, with an occasional "in your face" <a href="/wiki/Pedal_steel_guitar" title="Pedal steel guitar">pedal steel guitar</a>. The Fender Telecaster was originally developed for country musicians to fit in with the Texas/<a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a> style of music that was popular in the Western US following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The music, like Owens, was rebellious for its time and is dependent on a musician's individual talents, as opposed to the elaborate orchestral production common with Nashville-style country music. </p><p>Buck Owens not only aided in the development of the Bakersfield sound, he also helped preserve its history. In 1996, Owens opened <a href="/wiki/Buck_Owens_Crystal_Palace" title="Buck Owens Crystal Palace">Buck Owens Crystal Palace</a> in Bakersfield, which served as both a nightclub for country music performers and as a museum of the history and sound of country music, including the Bakersfield sound. Owens regularly performed at the Crystal Palace until his death in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an interview, Dwight Yoakam defined the term "Bakersfield sound": </p> <blockquote><p> "Bakersfield" really is not exclusively limited to the town itself but encompasses the larger California country sound of the '40s, '50s and on into the '60s, and even the '70s, with the music of <a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a>, Gram Parsons, the Burrito Brothers and the Eagles – they are all an extension of the "Bakersfield sound" and a byproduct of it. I've got a poster of Buck Owens performing at the <a href="/wiki/Fillmore_West" title="Fillmore West">Fillmore West</a> in 1968 in Haight-Ashbury! What went on there led to there being a musical incarnation called country rock. I don't know if there would have been a <a href="/wiki/John_Fogerty" title="John Fogerty">John Fogerty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Creedence_Clearwater_Revival" title="Creedence Clearwater Revival">Creedence Clearwater Revival</a> had there not been the California country music that's come to be known as the "Bakersfield sound".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>The magazines <i><a href="/wiki/No_Depression_(magazine)" title="No Depression (magazine)">No Depression</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Suede_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Suede News (page does not exist)">Blue Suede News</a></i> regularly feature Bakersfield sound enthusiasts, while podcasts such as Radio Free Bakersfield carry on the tradition online. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merle_Haggard">Merle Haggard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakersfield_sound&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Merle Haggard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides <a href="/wiki/Buck_Owens" title="Buck Owens">Buck Owens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum">Country Music Hall of Fame</a> inductee, was the most well-known artist involved in the development of the Bakersfield Sound.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a child, Haggard spent a lot of his time listening to the records his mother had given him, particularly those of the <a href="/wiki/Maddox_Brothers_and_Rose" title="Maddox Brothers and Rose">Maddox Brothers and Rose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Wills" title="Bob Wills">Bob Wills</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lefty_Frizzell" title="Lefty Frizzell">Lefty Frizell</a>, who he described as his hero.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A son of two <a href="/wiki/Okie" title="Okie">Okie</a> parents and a troublemaker from a young age, his music often touched on themes of outlaw living, the Okie experience in California's Central Valley, and working class pride.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His most famous song, <i>Mama Tried,</i> is based on his real life experiences of being a rebel child, going to prison, and his mother's refusal to give up on him despite his troublemaker behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In songs like <i>Mama's Hungry Eyes</i> and <i>Working Man Blues</i>, Haggard alludes to the social inferiority of Okies and the struggle of providing for one's family while working in rural California.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Merle Haggard's music is considered to have kept the Central Valley, and the many Dust Bowl migrants who came there to work, alive through his songs.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bakersfield author Gerald Haslam stated that "Merle is most a representative of The Other California when he writes with the voice of someone outside the state's paradigm of success . . . he offers glimpses into lives lived out of the mainstream, on an economic edge and often under a lingering racial or social stereotype. . . . Merle seems to be saying, among other things, 'Hey, we exist, too. Without us, there is no state.'"<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His lyrical allusions to the ordinary life earned him the nickname of the Poet of the Common Man.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakersfield_sound&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-McNutt152-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McNutt152_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNutt152_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNutt152_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcNutt2002" class="citation book cs1">McNutt, Randy (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guitartownsjourn00mcnu/page/152"><i>Guitar towns : a journey to the crossroads of rock 'n' roll</i></a>. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guitartownsjourn00mcnu/page/152">152–168</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34058-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34058-0"><bdi>978-0-253-34058-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guitar+towns+%3A+a+journey+to+the+crossroads+of+rock+%27n%27+roll&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Ind.&rft.pages=152-168&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34058-0&rft.aulast=McNutt&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguitartownsjourn00mcnu%2Fpage%2F152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/bakersfield-sound-ma0000002443">"Bakersfield Sound Genre Overview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>. Rovi Corp<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Bakersfield+Sound+Genre+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Fbakersfield-sound-ma0000002443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/progressive-country-ma0000002796">"Progressive country"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Progressive+country&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Fprogressive-country-ma0000002796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNutt2002" class="citation book cs1">McNutt, Randy (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guitartownsjourn00mcnu"><i>Guitar towns : a journey to the crossroads of rock 'n' roll</i></a>. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34058-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34058-0"><bdi>978-0-253-34058-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guitar+towns+%3A+a+journey+to+the+crossroads+of+rock+%27n%27+roll&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Ind.&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34058-0&rft.aulast=McNutt&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguitartownsjourn00mcnu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeaford1990" class="citation journal cs1">Teaford, Jon C. (1990). Gregory, James N.; Grossman, James R. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2702752">"The Twentieth-Century's Great Migration"</a>. <i>Reviews in American History</i>. <b>18</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">218–</span>223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2702752">10.2307/2702752</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0048-7511">0048-7511</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2702752">2702752</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+in+American+History&rft.atitle=The+Twentieth-Century%27s+Great+Migration&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E218-%3C%2Fspan%3E223&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=0048-7511&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2702752%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2702752&rft.aulast=Teaford&rft.aufirst=Jon+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2702752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GAC-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GAC_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyland" class="citation web cs1">Wyland, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.gactv.com/blog/2012/11/23/women-of-the-bakersfield-sound-take-center-stage-at-country-music-hall-of-fame-and-museum/">"Center Stage at Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Great American Country">Great American Country</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Center+Stage+at+Country+Music+Hall+of+Fame+and+Museum&rft.pub=Great+American+Country&rft.aulast=Wyland&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.gactv.com%2Fblog%2F2012%2F11%2F23%2Fwomen-of-the-bakersfield-sound-take-center-stage-at-country-music-hall-of-fame-and-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKruh2023" class="citation web cs1">Kruh, Nancy (October 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/jon-pardi-inducted-into-grand-ole-opry-8382521">"Jon Pardi Inducted into Grand Ole Opry by His Hero Garth Brooks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=Jon+Pardi+Inducted+into+Grand+Ole+Opry+by+His+Hero+Garth+Brooks&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft.aulast=Kruh&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Fjon-pardi-inducted-into-grand-ole-opry-8382521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hover, Bob. “The Bakersfield Sound: Welcome to the Crystal Palace.” Blue Suede News (2011): 21-24. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trost, Isaiah. "Hollywood hillbilly". <i>Country Guitar</i>, Winter 1994, pp. 31-32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitbakersfield.com/things-to-do/music-entertainment/bakersfield-sound/">"The Bakersfield Sound - Buck Owens, Merle Haggard, The Crystal Palace, Trouts and more!"</a>. <i>Visit Bakersfield</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Bakersfield&rft.atitle=The+Bakersfield+Sound+-+Buck+Owens%2C+Merle+Haggard%2C+The+Crystal+Palace%2C+Trouts+and+more%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitbakersfield.com%2Fthings-to-do%2Fmusic-entertainment%2Fbakersfield-sound%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burns, Ken. “Country Music: The Sons and Daughters of America.” Season 1, episode 5, PBS, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2015" class="citation book cs1">Price, Robert E. (2015). <i>The Bakersfield Sound: How a Generation of Displaced Okies Revolutionized American Music</i>. iUniverse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1491772966" title="Special:BookSources/978-1491772966"><bdi>978-1491772966</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bakersfield+Sound%3A+How+a+Generation+of+Displaced+Okies+Revolutionized+American+Music&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1491772966&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2005" class="citation journal cs1">Lewis, George H. (June 29, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-3840.2005.00145.x">"Dirt Roads and White Lines: Identity and Place in the Country Sound of the Other California"</a>. <i>The Journal of Popular Culture</i>. <b>38</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">855–</span>887. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.2005.00145.x">10.1111/j.0022-3840.2005.00145.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3840">0022-3840</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Popular+Culture&rft.atitle=Dirt+Roads+and+White+Lines%3A+Identity+and+Place+in+the+Country+Sound+of+the+Other+California&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E855-%3C%2Fspan%3E887&rft.date=2005-06-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.2005.00145.x&rft.issn=0022-3840&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.2005.00145.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaslam1999" class="citation book cs1">Haslam, Gerald W. (1999-04-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520922624"><i>Workin' Man Blues</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2F9780520922624">10.1525/9780520922624</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-92262-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-92262-4"><bdi>978-0-520-92262-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Workin%27+Man+Blues&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1999-04-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2F9780520922624&rft.isbn=978-0-520-92262-4&rft.aulast=Haslam&rft.aufirst=Gerald+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1525%2F9780520922624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2019" class="citation journal cs1">Cooper, B. Lee (2019-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007766.2020.1689479">"Country Music—A Film by Ken Burns: The Soundtrack"</a>. <i>Popular Music and Society</i>. <b>43</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">465–</span>467. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03007766.2020.1689479">10.1080/03007766.2020.1689479</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0300-7766">0300-7766</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:212876075">212876075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Music+and+Society&rft.atitle=Country+Music%E2%80%94A+Film+by+Ken+Burns%3A+The+Soundtrack&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E465-%3C%2Fspan%3E467&rft.date=2019-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A212876075%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0300-7766&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03007766.2020.1689479&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=B.+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F03007766.2020.1689479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakersfield_sound&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCountry_Music_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum2012" class="citation book cs1">Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum (2012). <i>The Bakersfield sound : Buck Owens, Merle Haggard, and California country</i>. Nashville, Tenn.: Country Music Foundation Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780915608065" title="Special:BookSources/9780915608065"><bdi>9780915608065</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bakersfield+sound+%3A+Buck+Owens%2C+Merle+Haggard%2C+and+California+country&rft.place=Nashville%2C+Tenn.&rft.pub=Country+Music+Foundation+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780915608065&rft.au=Country+Music+Hall+of+Fame+and+Museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2018" class="citation book cs1">Price, Robert E. (2018). <i>The Bakersfield sound : how a generation of displaced Okies revolutionized American music</i>. Berkeley, Calif.: Heyday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781597144155" title="Special:BookSources/9781597144155"><bdi>9781597144155</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bakersfield+sound+%3A+how+a+generation+of+displaced+Okies+revolutionized+American+music&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=Heyday&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781597144155&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABakersfield+sound" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakersfield_sound&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080311031112/http://www.americanaroots.com/">Americana Music News, Reviews, Interviews and Podcast Shows</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockabillyhall.com/bakersfield.html">Updated information on Bakersfield roots musicians in Bakersfield and elsewhere</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bakersfield.com/static/FP/baksound/bios.htm">comprehensive newspaper series</a>, written by journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Price_(journalist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Price (journalist) (page does not exist)">Robert Price</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bakersfield_Californian" title="The Bakersfield Californian">The Bakersfield Californian</a></i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musicfog.com">Music Fog - Americana Music. Daily videos of exclusive performances.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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music">Americana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowpunk" title="Cowpunk">Cowpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_country" title="Gothic country">Gothic country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Western" title="Gothic Western">Gothic Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothabilly" title="Gothabilly">Gothabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychobilly" title="Psychobilly">Psychobilly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">Heartland rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_rock" title="Swamp rock">Swamp rock</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honky-tonk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Honky-tonk music">Honky-tonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotraditional_country" title="Neotraditional country">Neotraditional country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">Norteño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_country" title="Progressive country">Progressive country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertanejo_music" title="Sertanejo music">Sertanejo music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_soul" title="Southern soul">Southern soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_blues" title="Talking blues">Talking blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Traditional country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truck-driving_country" title="Truck-driving country">Truck-driving country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_dirt_music" title="Red dirt music">Red 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_fiddling" title="Cape Breton fiddling">Cape Breton fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_fiddle" title="Quebec fiddle">Quebec fiddle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Music of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland & Labrador</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas#Music" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_sound" title="Nashville sound">Nashville sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music_in_Nigeria" title="Country music in Nigeria">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_country_music" class="mw-redirect" title="British country music">UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scrumpy_and_Western" title="Scrumpy and Western">West Country / Scrumpy and Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td 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