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Hrvatskog Kraljevstva\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/WPCRO_Logo_2014_f.svg/26px-WPCRO_Logo_2014_f.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"27\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/WPCRO_Logo_2014_f.svg/39px-WPCRO_Logo_2014_f.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/WPCRO_Logo_2014_f.svg/52px-WPCRO_Logo_2014_f.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"150\" data-file-height=\"156\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EPišite i uređujte članke u \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Wikiprojekt_Hrvatska/1100._obljetnica_Hrvatskog_Kraljevstva\" title=\"Wikipedija:Wikiprojekt Hrvatska/1100. obljetnica Hrvatskog Kraljevstva\"\u003Ewikimaratonu povodom 1100. obljetnice Hrvatskoga Kraljevstva\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-imageright\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca 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class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Treffpunkt.svg/60px-Treffpunkt.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOtvoren je \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Zahtjev_za_komentare/Nazivi_%C4%8Dlanaka\" title=\"Wikipedija:Zahtjev za komentare/Nazivi članaka\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EZahtjev za komentare o nazivima članaka\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest_GNU_projekta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest_GNU_projekta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Povijest GNU projekta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijest_GNU_projekta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNU_programi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNU_programi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>GNU programi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNU_programi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GNU_licence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GNU_licence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>GNU licence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GNU_licence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sadržaj" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">GNU</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 75 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88" title="جنو – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="ГНУ – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="ГНУ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81" title="গ্নু – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্নু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88" title="گنوو – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گنوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88" title="گنو – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گنو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – zapadnofrizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadnofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_(sistema_operativo)" title="GNU (sistema operativo) – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="GNU (sistema operativo)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95_(%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94)" title="גנו (מערכת הפעלה) – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גנו (מערכת הפעלה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82" title="ग्नू – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्नू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/la_.gnus." title="la .gnus. – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="la .gnus." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81" title="ಗ್ನು – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ನು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="ГНУ – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="ГНУ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81" title="ഗ്നു – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്നു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – sardski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%82" title="குனூ – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குனூ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%82" title="గ్నూ – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్నూ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9" title="กนู – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กนู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88" title="گنو – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گنو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – venecijanski" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venecijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44571#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GNU" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:GNU&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GNU"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GNU"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/GNU" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/GNU" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&oldid=6365552" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=GNU&id=6365552&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGNU"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGNU"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=GNU"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=GNU&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/GNU" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Facebook_pages" hreflang="en"><span>Meta</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44571" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/330px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/440px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>GNU-ova maskota</figcaption></figure> <p><b>GNU</b> je <a href="/wiki/Unix" class="mw-redirect" title="Unix">Unixu</a> sličan računalni <a href="/wiki/Operacijski_sustav" title="Operacijski sustav">operacijski sustav</a> koji se potpuno sastoji od <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_softver" class="mw-redirect" title="Slobodan softver">slobodnog softvera</a> i ne sadrži Unixov kôd. GNU je rekurzivna kratica za "GNU nije Unix" (izgovara se "g'nju"). </p><p>Projekt razvoja sustava GNU pokrenuo je <a href="/wiki/1984." title="1984.">1984.</a> godine <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a>. Kroz 6 godina Stallman i suradnici napisali su na stotine programa koji su inače dio jednog tipičnog Unixu sličnog operacijskog sustava. Programi proizišli iz tog projekta obično se nazivaju GNU-paketi ili GNU-programi. GNU se konstantno razvija. Službena jezgra sustava (eng. <a href="/wiki/Kernel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernel">kernel</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU_Hurd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GNU Hurd (stranica ne postoji)">GNU Hurd</a>, nije dovršena te je stoga projekt GNU postao jedna od bitnih komponenti operacijskog sustava <a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU/Linux">GNU/Linux</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest_GNU_projekta">Povijest GNU projekta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest GNU projekta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest GNU projekta"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard Matthew Stallman, softverski inženjer na MIT-u (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), uvidio je 1980. godine da se programi ne isporučuju s izvornim kodom, uvode se stroga pravila kopiranja i licence pa ih ne možemo prilagođavati svojim potrebama. </p><p>Dugogodišnju ideju o slobodnim informatičkim tehnologijama koje će biti dostupne svima oživotvorio je 1983. godine u objavi GNU project. U listopadu 1985. godine Stallman je izdao GNU Manifesto i osnovao Zakladu slobodnog softvera (FSF), neprofitnu organizaciju koja pruža logističku, pravnu i financijsku podršku GNU projektu. Malo je ljudi njega i taj projekt tada ozbiljno shvaćalo, a to se kasnije pokazalo velikom pogreškom. Danas smo svjedoci da se slobodni softver najbrže razvija i širi među korisnicima. Stallman je neumoran aktivist slobodnog softvera i autor najpoznatije licence – GPL (General Public License), a i nekolicine drugih. </p><p>U nepovezanom razvoju iste godine tvorci <a href="/wiki/Grafi%C4%8Dko_korisni%C4%8Dko_su%C4%8Delje" title="Grafičko korisničko sučelje">grafičkog sučelja</a> s mrežnom podrškom - <a href="/w/index.php?title=X_window&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X window (stranica ne postoji)">X window</a> sustava (X, <a href="/w/index.php?title=X11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X11 (stranica ne postoji)">X11</a>) izdaju izvorni kod bez povlastica, ograničenja ili licenciranog koda. X tako postaje neutralno područje za suradnju između isporučitelja Unix verzija, čime se izbjegava da se na njih dograde vlasnički (komercijalni) prozori (grafika). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GNU_programi">GNU programi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: GNU programi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka GNU programi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U sklopu razvoja slobodnog unixoidnog operativnog sustava Stallman je najprije kreirao potrebne alate za taj projekt. Tu se ubrajaju GCC (Gnu Compiler Collection), Glibc (Gnu C Library), uređivač teksta - Gnu Emacs i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnome (stranica ne postoji)">Gnome</a> - grafičko korisničko sučelje. GNU programi mogu se koristiti samostalno ili se mogu instalirati na vlasničke Unix verzije umjesto originalnih programa. To se posebno odnosi na alate za programiranje ili razvojne alate. U praksi su se oni pokazali superiornima u odnosu na ekvivalentne Unix programe, iako SYSTEM V nije potpuno kompatibilan s <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> standardom. Mnogi GNU programi se kompajliraju i za <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple">Apple</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_OSX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mac OSX (stranica ne postoji)">Mac OSX</a> i druge platforme. </p><p>Neovisno o ovom revolucionarnom GNU projektu finski znanstvenik <a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Benedict Torvalds</a> pokrenuo je još jedan. Linus je, inspiriran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minix (stranica ne postoji)">Minix</a> operativnim sustavom (čiji je autor Andrew Tanenbaum), napravio potpuno novi središnji dio operativnog sustava sličan Unix verziji koji je nazvao <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>. On je u rujnu 1991. godine objavio prvi Linux kernel verzije 0.01, za arhitekturu procesora 80386. Torvalds je danas glavni programer u razvoju Linux jezgre, a djeluje i kao koordinator cijele projektne ekipe. </p><p>Spajanjem ovih dvaju projekata nastaje GNU/Linux - višekorisnički i višeposlovni operativni sustav s mnoštvom slobodnih i besplatnih aplikacija, koji se često pogrešno naziva samo Linux. Cjelokupan sistemski i korisnički softver izdaje se pod različitim slobodnim licencama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="GNU_licence">GNU licence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: GNU licence" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka GNU licence"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Licenca je pravo na korištenje softvera prema pravilima licencnog ugovora, a neke od GNU licenci su: </p> <ol><li><b>GPL</b> (General Public License), opća javna licenca koja je copyleft kompatibilna licenca, ima niz prednosti u odnosu na copyright restriktivnije licence, a aktualna je verzija 3. GPL licenca dozvoljava korisniku da proizvod prilagođava svojim potrebama, da ga mijenja u smislu poboljšanja ili uvođenja novih osobina te da ga slobodno redistribuira svim zainteresiranim osobama. GPL softver specifičan je i po tome što je izvorni kod dostupan svima i ne postoje ograničena prava na uvid u algoritme i slično. GPL program je besplatan, ali se distribucija smije naplaćivati, korisnik je slobodan s programom činiti što ga je volja, dopušteno je npr. mijenjanje koda, ispravljanje pogrešaka, povećanje mogućnosti i distribucija. Novi izvorni kod nasljeđuje licencu, tvorac koda koji je uključen u novi kod ne gubi autorska prava. Ako se program razvija za osobne potrebe, ne treba stavljati GPL licencu na program ili njegov dio. Ako se proizvod namjerava prodavati ili ga želimo na neki drugi način dati u javnost, treba onaj dio koda koji koristi GPL-licencirani kod dati pod GPL licencu. Ako se razvijani program može razlučiti u logičke cjeline – module, tada GPL licencu moraju naslijediti samo oni moduli koji prvotno sadrže izvorni kod koji je pod GPL-om. Slobodni programi mogu se prodavati pod uvjetom da je omogućen pristup izvornom kodu ili se mora pismenim putem obavezati na davanje izvornog koda svim zainteresiranima, u tom slučaju postoje određena ograničenja cijene proizvoda. Licencu možemo napisati ispočetka ili možemo primijeniti neku već postojeću.</li> <li><b>FDL</b> (Free Documentation License), licenca slobodne dokumentacije logičan je slijed GPL-a, a preporučuje se za licenciranje priručnika i ostale prateće dokumentacije. Vrhunski sistemski i aplikativni softver otvorenog izvornog koda pod tim licencama postaje dostupan poduzećima, državnim institucijama i pojedincima. Unix tako doživljava svoju drugu mladost, brzo se razvija i postaje operativni sustav na svim kategorijama računala (od osobnih do super), a ugrađen je i u uređaje široke potrošnje (Embedded Systems). U vremenu kada prevladavaju operativni sustavi s grafičkim korisničkim sučeljem (Graphic User Interface) kojima daju prednost korisnici koji nisu informatički obrazovani, bitno je ljubazno lice unix-oida (User Friendly), što upravo omogućava X s pripadajućim grafičkim aplikacijama. Najpoznatije Linux verzije su: <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slackware" title="Slackware">Slackware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a>/Kubuntu/Xubuntu/Edubuntu, <a href="/wiki/SuSE" title="SuSE">SuSE</a>/OpenSuSE, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RedHat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RedHat (stranica ne postoji)">RedHat</a>/Fedora, Cent OS, Gentoo, PC Linux OS, <a href="/wiki/Mandriva" title="Mandriva">Mandriva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knoppix" title="Knoppix">Knoppix</a>, Mint, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MeeGo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MeeGo (stranica ne postoji)">MeeGo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_(operacijski_sustav)" title="Android (operacijski sustav)">Android</a>, itd.</li></ol> <p>Prednosti programa otvorenog izvornog koda pred programima zatvorenog koda su: </p> <ul><li>mogućnost mijenjanja i prilagodba namjeni</li> <li>dijeljenje i kopiranje među korisnicima</li> <li>učenje iz tuđih programskih rješenja</li> <li>neovisnost o jednom dobavljaču</li> <li>brži i učinkovitiji razvoj</li> <li>podupiranje lokalnog gospodarstva</li> <li>izraženija kreativnost i inventivnost</li> <li>niža cijena kompletnog informacijskog rješenja</li> <li>povećana sigurnost jer nema skrivenih funkcija</li> <li>otvorenost formata zapisa datoteka (<a href="/w/index.php?title=ODF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ODF (stranica ne postoji)">ODF</a>)</li></ul> <p>Svijet je velik, u njemu ima mjesta za sve, dakle, svaki program nalazi svoje korisnike. Za sve znanosti, a tako i za informatičke te za računalsku, važno je da ne postoji monopol i da zbog toga ne zastane razvoj. Na kraju profitiraju svi korisnici jer imaju mogućnost izbora. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gnu.org/home.hr.html">http://www.gnu.org/home.hr.html</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040906085409/http://www.gnu.org/home.hr.html">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 6. rujna 2004. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.hr.html">Definicija slobodnog softvera</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.hr.html">Slobodni softver i slobodni priručnici</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/gnutella.hr.html">Što se tiče Gnutelle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/philosophy.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/philosophy.html</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildebeest">GNU</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html">GNU project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/manifesto.html">GNU Manifesto</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100115014249/http://www.fsf.org/">FSF</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System">X11</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(computing)">Kernel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/quick-guide-gplv3.html">GPL V3</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License">FDL</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument">ODF</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Unixoidi" title="Predložak:Unixoidi"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Unixoidi&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. 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