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value="Speciale:Ricerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ricerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Strumenti personali"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=GNU" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=GNU" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu 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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descrizione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descrizione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Descrizione</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Descrizione</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kernel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kernel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Kernel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kernel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principali_software_del_sistema_GNU" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principali_software_del_sistema_GNU"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Principali software del sistema GNU</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principali_software_del_sistema_GNU-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribuzioni_per_PC_datati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribuzioni_per_PC_datati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Distribuzioni per PC datati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribuzioni_per_PC_datati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">GNU</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 75 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88" title="جنو - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="ГНУ - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="ГНУ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81" title="গ্নু - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্নু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88" title="گنوو - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گنوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88" title="گنو - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گنو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_(sistema_operativo)" title="GNU (sistema operativo) - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="GNU (sistema operativo)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95_(%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94)" title="גנו (מערכת הפעלה) - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גנו (מערכת הפעלה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82" title="ग्नू - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्नू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/la_.gnus." title="la .gnus. - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="la .gnus." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81" title="ಗ್ನು - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ನು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="ГНУ - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="ГНУ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81" title="ഗ്നു - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്നു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%82" title="குனூ - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குனூ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%82" title="గ్నూ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్నూ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9" title="กนู - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กนู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - uiguro" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88" title="گنو - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گنو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU" title="GNU - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="GNU" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44571#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GNU" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:GNU" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GNU"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GNU"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/GNU" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/GNU" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&oldid=139702379" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=GNU&id=139702379&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGNU"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGNU"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=GNU"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=GNU&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/GNU" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Facebook_pages" hreflang="en"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44571" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Progetto:Wikipedia_parlata" title="Questa voce ha una versione parlata (troverai un riquadro, più in basso, con il link). Clicca qui per accedere al progetto Wikipedia parlata"><img alt="Questa voce ha una versione parlata (troverai un riquadro, più in basso, con il link). Clicca qui per accedere al progetto Wikipedia parlata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/60px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Gnu_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gnu (disambigua)">Gnu (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2">GNU<br /><span class="sinottico_sottotitolo"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo">sistema operativo</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo"><img alt="Logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/200px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/300px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/400px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>Logo</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Xfce4_en_Debian_GNU-Hurd.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Xfce4_en_Debian_GNU-Hurd.png/260px-Xfce4_en_Debian_GNU-Hurd.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Xfce4_en_Debian_GNU-Hurd.png/390px-Xfce4_en_Debian_GNU-Hurd.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Xfce4_en_Debian_GNU-Hurd.png/520px-Xfce4_en_Debian_GNU-Hurd.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Sviluppatore_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Sviluppatore software">Sviluppatore</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Progetto_GNU" title="Progetto GNU">Progetto GNU</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Famiglia</th><td><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Tipo di <a href="/wiki/Kernel" title="Kernel">kernel</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Microkernel" class="mw-redirect" title="Microkernel">Microkernel</a> (<a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">GNU Hurd</a> o <a href="/wiki/Kernel_monolitico" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernel monolitico">monolitico</a> (<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Licenza_(informatica)" title="Licenza (informatica)">Licenza</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Licenza_libera" title="Licenza libera">Licenza libera</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Sito_web" title="Sito web">Sito web</a></th><td><span style="word-break: break-all;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/home.en.html">www.gnu.org/home.en.html</a></span>, <span style="word-break: break-all;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/home.fr.html">www.gnu.org/home.fr.html</a></span> e <span style="word-break: break-all;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/home.it.html">www.gnu.org/home.it.html</a></span> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_piede2 noprint nomobile metadata" colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44571" class="extiw" title="d:Q44571"><span title="Modifica i dati della voce GNU su Wikidata">Modifica dati su Wikidata</span></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Sistema_operativo/man" title="Template:Sistema operativo/man"><span title="Manuale del template Sistema operativo">Manuale</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="section_SpokenWikipedia" class="noprint toccolours plainlinks" style="clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; width: 300px; text-align: left; float: right"> <div style="text-align: center"><b>Ascolta questa voce · <a href="/wiki/File:Itwiki-GNU.ogg" title="File:Itwiki-GNU.ogg">(info)</a></b></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="764" data-mwtitle="Itwiki-GNU.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Itwiki-GNU.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/Itwiki-GNU.ogg/Itwiki-GNU.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>File per l'ascolto</figcaption></figure> <div style="float: left; margin-left: 5px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sound-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Icona di un altoparlante"><img alt="Icona di un altoparlante" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/41px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/62px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/82px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div> <div style="margin-left: 50px; margin-top: 2px; font-size: xx-small">Questo file audio è stato creato dalla <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GNU&oldid=81588835">revisione del 22-06-2016</a>, quindi non comprende le modifiche alla voce fatte in seguito. (<a href="/wiki/Aiuto:File_multimediali" title="Aiuto:File multimediali">come si ascoltano?</a>)</div> <div style="text-align: center; clear: both"><b><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_parlate" title="Categoria:Voci parlate">Altre voci parlate</a></b></div></div> <p><b>GNU</b> (<a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_fonetico_internazionale" title="Alfabeto fonetico internazionale">AFI</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l'alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">/ɡnuː/</span></a> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/24\/En-gnu.ogg\/En-gnu.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"ascolta"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"it","wikibase":"","file":"En-gnu.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/En-gnu.ogg/En-gnu.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Riproduci audio" title="Riproduci audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">ascolta</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-gnu.ogg" title="File:En-gnu.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Acronimo_ricorsivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Acronimo ricorsivo">acronimo ricorsivo</a> di "GNU's Not Unix") è un <a href="/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo">sistema operativo</a> <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a>, ideato nel <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a> da <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a> e promosso dalla <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a>, allo scopo di ottenere un sistema operativo completo utilizzando esclusivamente <a href="/wiki/Software_libero" title="Software libero">software libero</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: l'obiettivo era rifare un sistema operativo libero ma che non fosse più quello di prima, che rispondesse alle idee originarie, che avesse le stesse proprietà del sistema <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, ma che fosse allo stesso tempo diverso. </p><p>Dato che <a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">GNU Hurd</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Kernel" title="Kernel">kernel</a> ufficiale del progetto, non è considerato pronto per la distribuzione, GNU viene in genere utilizzato congiuntamente ad altri kernel tra cui <a href="/wiki/Linux_(kernel)" title="Linux (kernel)">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux-libre" title="Linux-libre">Linux-libre</a>, <a href="/wiki/XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a> o quello utilizzato da <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>. La parola GNU si pronuncia /gnu:/ (gh-nù) e non /ɲu:/ per non confonderlo con l'<a href="/wiki/Connochaetes" title="Connochaetes">omonima specie animale</a> o con l'aggettivo inglese <i>new</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unix_timeline.it.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Unix_timeline.it.svg/220px-Unix_timeline.it.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Unix_timeline.it.svg/330px-Unix_timeline.it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Unix_timeline.it.svg/440px-Unix_timeline.it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Linea temporale dei sistemi <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">unix-like</a></figcaption></figure> <p>L'ideatore di GNU è <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a>, che cominciò la sua carriera al <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>, lavorando in un laboratorio di <a href="/wiki/Intelligenza_artificiale" title="Intelligenza artificiale">intelligenza artificiale</a>, i cui membri erano già abituati a scambiare liberamente codice e programmi in un periodo in cui il <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a>, usato in modo molto simile all'attuale <a href="/wiki/Software_libero" title="Software libero">software libero</a> (senza però nessuna regola scritta che ne sancisse le modalità d'uso, cioè senza nessuna <a href="/wiki/Licenza_(informatica)" title="Licenza (informatica)">licenza</a>), veniva utilizzato da molte compagnie private e i <a href="/wiki/Programmatore" title="Programmatore">programmatori</a> non erano quasi mai soggetti ad un <a href="/wiki/Accordo_di_non_divulgazione" title="Accordo di non divulgazione">accordo di non divulgazione</a>. </p><p>Il laboratorio di <a href="/wiki/Intelligenza_artificiale" title="Intelligenza artificiale">intelligenza artificiale</a> usava un <a href="/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo">sistema operativo</a> a partizione di tempo (<a href="/wiki/Timesharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Timesharing">timesharing</a>) chiamato <a href="/wiki/Incompatible_Timesharing_System" title="Incompatible Timesharing System">Incompatible Timesharing System</a> (ITS) che il gruppo di esperti informatici del laboratorio, chiamati semplicemente "hacker", aveva progettato e scritto in linguaggio <a href="/wiki/Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly">assembly</a> per il <a href="/wiki/PDP-10" title="PDP-10">PDP-10</a>, uno dei grossi elaboratori di quel periodo. Il termine “hacker” con cui erano conosciuti gli esperti informatici non si riferisce al significato attuale di “pirata”, ma a quello di persone “che amano programmare, e a cui piace essere bravi a farlo”. </p><p>A partire dall'inizio degli anni ’80 si verificarono alcuni eventi che portarono ad un repentino cambiamento della situazione. In primis, la quasi totalità del software in circolazione era stata sostituita dal <a href="/wiki/Software_proprietario" title="Software proprietario">software proprietario</a>. Inoltre, la Digital smise di produrre la serie PDP-10 poiché la sua architettura non poteva essere aggiornata in modo da permetterle di rimanere al passo con le novità del momento. Questo fece sì che la maggior parte dei programmi che formavano ITS divenisse obsoleta. Infine in quegli anni la comunità originale del laboratorio di Intelligenza Artificiale si dissolse perché molti degli hacker vennero assunti da altre società quali la <a href="/wiki/Symbolics" title="Symbolics">Symbolics</a>, nata da una costola del laboratorio stesso. </p><p>La scelta facile che avrebbe potuto fare <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Stallman</a> sarebbe stata quella di unirsi al mondo del software proprietario, firmando accordi di non-diffusione e promettendo di non aiutare i suoi compagni hacker. In questo modo avrebbe potuto guadagnare, ma sapeva che al termine della sua carriera si sarebbe voltato a guardare indietro e avrebbe compreso di aver contribuito a rendere il mondo peggiore, impedendo ai programmatori di collaborare tra di loro. Verso la fine del <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a> lasciò il suo lavoro al MIT, pur continuando ad utilizzare le attrezzature del laboratorio, e cominciò a sviluppare, nei primi mesi del <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>, un nuovo sistema operativo compatibile con Unix, che permettesse a chiunque di vedere il codice, di modificarlo, di eseguirlo, di condividerlo con gli altri liberamente e di passare facilmente ad esso (da qui appunto l'acronimo ricorsivo "GNU's Not Unix"). L'annuncio originale (27 settembre <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>) fu seguito dal rilascio della prima versione del <a href="/wiki/Manifesto_GNU" title="Manifesto GNU">Manifesto GNU</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lo sviluppo del sistema iniziò nel <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola"> <p>«Il mio lavoro sul software libero è motivato da un obiettivo idealistico: diffondere libertà e cooperazione. Voglio incoraggiare la diffusione del software libero, rimpiazzando i programmi proprietari che proibiscono la cooperazione, e quindi rendere la nostra società migliore. Questa è la ragione fondamentale per cui la GNU General Public License è stata scritta così com'è - come copyleft» </p> </div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<small>Richard M. Stallman</small>)</p></div> <p>Nel settembre 1984 Stallman iniziò a lavorare su GNU <a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a> che cominciò ad essere utilizzabile all'inizio del 1985. Si trattava del primo programma sviluppato all'interno del progetto GNU. Per quanto concerne la sua distribuzione, Stallman lo mise sul <a href="/wiki/Server_FTP" title="Server FTP">server ftp</a> anonimo del computer che utilizzava al MIT. Questo non era però sufficiente poiché in quel periodo ancora poche persone avevano accesso ad Internet. Così iniziò a farsi spedire dagli interessati una busta affrancata contenente un nastro che rimandava al mittente dopo avervi caricato Emacs, per un costo di 150 dollari. Questo fu il primo passo per la creazione di un’impresa di distribuzione di software libero. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>, spinti dalla necessità di nuovi finanziamenti, Stallman e soci crearono la <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> (Fondazione per il Software Libero), una organizzazione senza fini di lucro per lo sviluppo di <a href="/wiki/Software_libero" title="Software libero">software libero</a>. La FSF si prese anche carico della distribuzione dei nastri di <a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a> ed in seguito estese l’attività aggiungendo sul nastro altro software libero, anche non GNU. I dipendenti della Free Software Foundation hanno scritto e curato la manutenzione di diversi <a href="/wiki/Pacchetti_GNU" title="Pacchetti GNU">pacchetti GNU</a>. Fra questi spiccano la <a href="/wiki/GNU_C_Library" title="GNU C Library">libreria C</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Bash" title="Bash">Bash</a>. La libreria C di GNU è utilizzata da ogni programma che gira su sistemi <a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU/Linux">GNU/Linux</a> per comunicare con il <a href="/wiki/Linux_(kernel)" title="Linux (kernel)">kernel Linux</a>. Lo sviluppo di questi programmi venne finanziato perché il progetto GNU non riguardava solo strumenti di lavoro o un ambiente di sviluppo: l’obiettivo era un sistema operativo completo, e questi programmi sono stati necessari per raggiungere quell'obiettivo. </p><p>L'obiettivo principale di GNU era essere <a href="/wiki/Software_libero" title="Software libero">software libero</a>. Anche se GNU non avesse avuto alcun vantaggio tecnico su <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, avrebbe avuto sia un vantaggio sociale, permettendo agli utenti di cooperare, sia un vantaggio etico, rispettando la loro libertà. Nel <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> quindi <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Stallman</a> creò la <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> per il <a href="/wiki/Software_libero" title="Software libero">software libero</a>, che vincola gli utenti a ridistribuire un software, e le sue eventuali modifiche, come <a href="/wiki/Software_libero" title="Software libero">software libero</a>. Questo non è sempre vero e nemmeno scontato, come per il caso "X Window System". Sviluppato al <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>, esso venne presto adottato da molte società informatiche e ridistribuito insieme ai sistemi Unix con lo stesso accordo di non-diffusione, trasformandosi rapidamente da sistema libero a sistema proprietario. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a> il Sistema GNU ebbe al suo interno un editor di testi estensibile (<a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a>), un <a href="/wiki/Compilatore" title="Compilatore">compilatore</a> (<a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a>), con funzioni di ottimizzazione e la maggior parte delle <a href="/wiki/Libreria_(software)" title="Libreria (software)">librerie</a> e delle utility di un sistema <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> standard. Era praticamente un sistema completo, ma non era ancora pronto il <a href="/wiki/Kernel" title="Kernel">kernel</a> chiamato <a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">GNU Hurd</a> (originariamente battezzato "Alix"), il cui sviluppo era cominciato nel <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>, prima sulla base di TRIX (un kernel Unix realizzato al MIT) e successivamente (<a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>) sulla base di <a href="/wiki/Mach_(kernel)" title="Mach (kernel)">Mach</a> (sviluppato all'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Carnegie_Mellon" title="Università Carnegie Mellon">Università Carnegie Mellon</a>). </p><p>Si decise allora di abbinare il software GNU al <a href="/wiki/Linux_(kernel)" title="Linux (kernel)">kernel Linux</a>, un kernel compatibile con <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> sviluppato nel 1991 da <a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a> come <a href="/wiki/Software_proprietario" title="Software proprietario">software proprietario</a>, ma reso <a href="/wiki/Software_libero" title="Software libero">software libero</a> nel 1992, per creare un unico sistema chiamandolo <a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU/Linux">GNU/Linux</a>. </p><p>Uno delle sfide del progetto fu quella delle librerie non libere. Tra il 1996 e il 1996 veniva utilizzato l'ambiente grafico <a href="/wiki/KDE" title="KDE">KDE</a>, libreria non libera e dunque non compatibile con i sistemi GNU/Linux, tuttavia, aggiunta ai sistemi da alcuni distributori. Questo rappresentava un problema di libertà, così la <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> decise di risolvere il problema ideando <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> e Harmony. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lo sviluppo di <a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">GNU Hurd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software_libero" title="Software libero">software libero</a> creato nel 1990 per sostituire il <a href="/wiki/Kernel" title="Kernel">kernel</a> di <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, viene ancora oggi portato avanti dal <a href="/wiki/Progetto_GNU" title="Progetto GNU">progetto GNU</a>, ma non ha ancora raggiunto una maturità ed una stabilità che ne permetta l'uso in un ambiente di produzione. Il <a href="/wiki/Progetto_GNU" title="Progetto GNU">Progetto GNU</a> continua ad usare il termine "<a href="/wiki/Software_libero" title="Software libero">software libero</a>" per esprimere l'idea che la libertà sia importante, non solo la tecnologia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione">Descrizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Descrizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GNU è un sistema operativo di tipo <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, questo significa che è costituito da diversi programmi quali: applicazioni, librerie, giochi e strumenti di sviluppo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kernel">Kernel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Kernel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Kernel"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Varianti_GNU" title="Varianti GNU">Varianti GNU</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Il sistema GNU è stato abbinato a diversi <a href="/wiki/Kernel" title="Kernel">kernel</a>, tra i quali: </p> <ul><li>il kernel <a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">GNU Hurd</a> (il sistema operativo prende il nome di GNU/Hurd);</li> <li>il kernel <a href="/wiki/XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a> utilizzando <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(sistema_operativo)" title="Darwin (sistema operativo)">Darwin</a> (il <a href="/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo">sistema operativo</a> prende il nome di <a href="/wiki/GNU/Darwin" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU/Darwin">GNU/Darwin</a>);</li> <li>il <a href="/wiki/Linux_(kernel)" title="Linux (kernel)">kernel Linux</a> (il sistema operativo prende il nome di <a href="/wiki/GNU/Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU/Linux">GNU/Linux</a>);</li> <li>il kernel <a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a> (il sistema operativo prende il nome di GNU/NetBSD);</li> <li>il kernel <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> (il sistema operativo prende il nome di <a href="/wiki/Debian_GNU/kFreeBSD" title="Debian GNU/kFreeBSD">Debian GNU/kFreeBSD</a>);</li> <li>il kernel di <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Solaris" title="Oracle Solaris">Solaris</a> (il sistema operativo prende il nome di <a href="/wiki/NexentaOS" title="NexentaOS">NexentaOS</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Principali_software_del_sistema_GNU">Principali software del sistema GNU</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Principali software del sistema GNU" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Principali software del sistema GNU"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Pacchetti_GNU" title="Pacchetti GNU">Pacchetti GNU</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bash" title="Bash">Bash</a> (<b>b</b>ourne <b>a</b>gain <b>sh</b>ell): <a href="/wiki/Shell_(informatica)" title="Shell (informatica)">shell</a> del sistema GNU. Il suo scopo è consentire l'esecuzione di programmi da <a href="/wiki/Interfaccia_a_riga_di_comando" title="Interfaccia a riga di comando">interfaccia a riga di comando</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a> (<b>G</b>NU <b>C</b>ompiler <b>C</b>ollection): suite di compilatori. Supporta numerosi <a href="/wiki/Linguaggio_di_programmazione" title="Linguaggio di programmazione">linguaggi di programmazione</a> tra cui <a href="/wiki/C_(linguaggio)" class="mw-redirect" title="C (linguaggio)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(linguaggio_di_programmazione)" title="Java (linguaggio di programmazione)">Java</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ada_(linguaggio_di_programmazione)" title="Ada (linguaggio di programmazione)">Ada</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Debugger" title="GNU Debugger">gdb</a> (GNU debugger): <a href="/wiki/Debugger" title="Debugger">debugger</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">GNU Emacs</a>: <a href="/wiki/Editor_di_testo" title="Editor di testo">editor di testo</a> estendibile tramite <a href="/wiki/Macro_(informatica)" title="Macro (informatica)">macro</a> in Emacs Lisp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Core_Utilities" title="GNU Core Utilities">Core Utilities</a>: collezione di software per effettuare operazioni basilari su file e testi.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_C_Library" title="GNU C Library">glibc</a> (GNU C Library): implementazione GNU della <a href="/wiki/Libreria_standard_del_C" title="Libreria standard del C">libreria standard del C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> (<b>G</b>NU <b>N</b>etwork <b>O</b>bject <b>M</b>odel <b>E</b>nvironment): <a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Desktop environment">desktop environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a> (<b>G</b>NU <b>I</b>mage <b>M</b>anipulation <b>P</b>rogram): manipolazione di <a href="/wiki/Immagine_digitale" title="Immagine digitale">immagini digitali</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ritocco_fotografico" title="Ritocco fotografico">ritocco fotografico</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distribuzioni_per_PC_datati">Distribuzioni per PC datati</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Distribuzioni per PC datati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Distribuzioni per PC datati"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puppy_Linux" title="Puppy Linux">Puppy Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Core_Linux" title="Tiny Core Linux">Tiny Core Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SliTaz" title="SliTaz">SliTaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> LXDE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubuntu" title="Lubuntu">Lubuntu</a></li> <li>LXLE Linux</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabola_GNU/Linux-libre" title="Parabola GNU/Linux-libre">Parabola GNU/Linux-libre</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/gnu/about-gnu.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">About GNU</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">gnu.org</span>.<br /><div class="cite-q">«is to offer a Unix-compatible system that would be 100% free software. Not 95% free, not 99.5%, but 100%»</div></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/gnu/pronunciation.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Come pronunciare GNU</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">gnu.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 22 giugno 2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/gnu/manifesto.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il Manifesto GNU</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">gnu.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 22 giugno 2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.it.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il progetto GNU - Progetto GNU - Free Software Foundation</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.gnu.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 3 luglio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progetto_GNU" title="Progetto GNU">Progetto GNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Directory" title="Free Software Directory">Free Software Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_libero" title="Software libero">Software libero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">Open source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licenza_di_software_libero" title="Licenza di software libero">Licenza di software libero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public License">GNU Lesser General Public License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacchetti_GNU" title="Pacchetti GNU">Pacchetti GNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Sistemi_operativi_utilizzanti_GNU" title="Categoria:Sistemi operativi utilizzanti GNU">Categoria:Sistemi operativi utilizzanti GNU</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/GNU" class="extiw" title="wikt:GNU">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:GNU Project"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GNU_Project?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/GNU" class="extiw" title="wikt:GNU">GNU</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GNU_Project?uselang=it">GNU</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GNU&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/home.en.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">gnu.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44571#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/home.fr.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">gnu.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44571#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/home.it.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">gnu.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44571#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSapere.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/GNU.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">GNU</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sapere.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44571#P6706" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFOLDOC" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Denis Howe, <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="https://foldoc.org/GNU" class="extiw" title="foldoc:GNU">GNU</a></span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Free_On-line_Dictionary_of_Computing" title="Free On-line Dictionary of Computing">Free On-line Dictionary of Computing</a></span>.</cite> Disponibile con licenza <a href="/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse noprint metadata" id="navbox-GNU"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:GNU" title="Template:GNU"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:GNU" title="Discussioni template:GNU"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:GNU&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Progetto_GNU" title="Progetto GNU">Progetto GNU</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Storia</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_GNU" title="Manifesto GNU">Manifesto GNU</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation_Europe" title="Free Software Foundation Europe">FSF Europe</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation_of_India" title="Free Software Foundation of India"> FSF India</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation_Latin_America" title="Free Software Foundation Latin America"> FSF Latin America</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Storia_del_software_libero" title="Storia del software libero">Storia del software libero</a></td><td rowspan="5" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/64px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/96px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/128px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Licenze</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public License">GNU Lesser General Public License</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation License</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GPL_linking_exception" title="GPL linking exception">GPL linking exception</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNU_Affero_General_Public_License" title="GNU Affero General Public License">GNU Affero General Public License</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Software</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU</a> (<a href="/wiki/Varianti_GNU" title="Varianti GNU">Varianti</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">GNU Hurd</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GTK_(toolkit)" title="GTK (toolkit)">GTK</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jami_(software)" title="Jami (software)">Jami</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bash" title="Bash">Bash</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNU_Screen" title="GNU Screen">Screen</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gnash" title="Gnash">Gnash</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gzip" title="Gzip">gzip</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNU_GRUB" title="GNU GRUB">GRUB</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pacchetti_GNU" title="Pacchetti GNU">Pacchetti GNU</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Rappresentanti</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Chassell" title="Robert J. Chassell">Robert J. Chassell</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bradley_M._Kuhn" title="Bradley M. Kuhn">Bradley M. Kuhn</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/William_John_Sullivan" title="William John Sullivan">John Sullivan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eben_Moglen" title="Eben Moglen">Eben Moglen</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%AFc_Dachary" title="Loïc Dachary">Loïc Dachary</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Georg_C._F._Greve" title="Georg C. F. Greve">Georg C. F. Greve</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Oliva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre Oliva (la pagina non esiste)">Alexandre Oliva</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mako_Hill" title="Benjamin Mako Hill">Benjamin Mako Hill</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Federico_Heinz" title="Federico Heinz">Federico Heinz</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Gay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Gay (la pagina non esiste)">Joshua Gay</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matt_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matt Lee (la pagina non esiste)">Matt Lee</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Galli" title="Ricardo Galli">Ricardo Galli</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Voci correlate</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Revolution_OS" title="Revolution OS">Revolution OS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/BadVista" title="BadVista">BadVista</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Defective_by_Design" title="Defective by Design">Defective by Design</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Controversia_sul_nome_GNU/Linux" title="Controversia sul nome GNU/Linux">Controversia sul nome GNU/Linux</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Sistemi_operativi"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sistemi_operativi" title="Template:Sistemi operativi"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Sistemi_operativi" title="Discussioni template:Sistemi operativi"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Sistemi_operativi&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_operativo" title="Sistema operativo">Sistemi operativi</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="navbox_abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/Storia_dei_sistemi_operativi" title="Storia dei sistemi operativi">Storia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cronologia_dei_sistemi_operativi" title="Cronologia dei sistemi operativi">Cronologia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lista_di_sistemi_operativi" title="Lista di sistemi operativi">Lista</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">UNIX</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/AIX_(sistema_operativo)" title="AIX (sistema operativo)">AIX</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Amiga_Unix" title="Amiga Unix">Amiga Unix</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/A/UX" title="A/UX">A/UX</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/IRIX" title="IRIX">IRIX</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Research_Unix" title="Research Unix">Research Unix</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/SCO_UNIX" title="SCO UNIX">SCO UNIX</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Solaris" title="Oracle Solaris">Solaris</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tru64" title="Tru64">Tru64</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_XENIX" title="Microsoft XENIX">XENIX</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/386BSD" title="386BSD">386BSD</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(sistema_operativo)" title="Darwin (sistema operativo)">Darwin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/DesktopBSD" title="DesktopBSD">DesktopBSD</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/FreeNAS" title="FreeNAS">FreeNAS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/M0n0wall" title="M0n0wall">m0n0wall</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/PfSense" title="PfSense">pfSense</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Debian_GNU/Hurd" title="Debian GNU/Hurd">GNU/Hurd</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Varianti_GNU" title="Varianti GNU">Varianti GNU</a> (<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">GNU/Linux</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Debian_GNU/kFreeBSD" title="Debian GNU/kFreeBSD">GNU/kFreeBSD</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/NexentaOS" title="NexentaOS">NexentaOS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group">Altri</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Android" title="Android">Android</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MINIX" title="MINIX">MINIX</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Illumos" title="Illumos">Illumos</a> (<a href="/wiki/OpenIndiana" title="OpenIndiana">OpenIndiana</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/OS-9" title="OS-9">OS-9</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Redox_(sistema_operativo)" title="Redox (sistema operativo)">Redox</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic Mac OS">System Software</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/System_1" title="System 1">System 1</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/System_2" title="System 2">System 2</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/System_3_(sistema_operativo)" title="System 3 (sistema operativo)">System 3</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/System_4_(sistema_operativo)" title="System 4 (sistema operativo)">System 4</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/System_4_(sistema_operativo)#System_4.2_e_4.3" title="System 4 (sistema operativo)">System 5</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/System_6" title="System 6">System 6</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/System_7" title="System 7">System 7</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_8" title="Mac OS 8">Mac OS 8</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_9" title="Mac OS 9">Mac OS 9</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Cheetah" title="Mac OS X Cheetah">Cheetah</a> (10.0)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Puma" title="Mac OS X Puma">Puma</a> (10.1)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">Jaguar</a> (10.2)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">Panther</a> (10.3)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">Tiger</a> (10.4)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">Leopard</a> (10.5)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">Snow Leopard</a> (10.6)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Lion" title="Mac OS X Lion">Lion</a> (10.7)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">OS X</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">Mountain Lion</a> (10.8)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">Mavericks</a> (10.9)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">Yosemite</a> (10.10)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">El Capitan</a> (10.11)</td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">Sierra</a> (10.12)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">High Sierra</a> (10.13)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">Mojave</a> (10.14)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">Catalina</a> (10.15)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">Big Sur</a> (11.0)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">Monterey</a> (12.0)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">Ventura</a> (13.0)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">Sonoma</a> (14.0)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">Sequoia</a> (15.0)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">95</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">98</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Me" title="Windows Me">Me</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.1" title="Windows NT 3.1">NT 3.1</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.5" title="Windows NT 3.5">NT 3.5</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_3.51" title="Windows NT 3.51">NT 3.51</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">NT 4.0</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">2000</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">XP</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Server 2003</a> - <a href="/wiki/Windows_Fundamentals_for_Legacy_PCs" title="Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs">FLP</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Vista</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Server 2008</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">7</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Server 2008 R2</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">8</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">8.1</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">RT</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Server 2012</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">10</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2016" title="Windows Server 2016">Server 2016</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2019" title="Windows Server 2019">Server 2019</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2022" title="Windows Server 2022">Server 2022</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">11</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS">DR-DOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/PC_DOS" title="PC DOS">PC DOS</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Web_operating_system" title="Web operating system">WebOS</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Desktoptwo" title="Desktoptwo">Desktoptwo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/EyeOS" title="EyeOS">eyeOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/YouOS" title="YouOS">YouOS</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Altri</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/AmigaOS" title="AmigaOS">AmigaOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">Apple DOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Apple_SOS" title="Apple SOS">Apple SOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aros_Research_Operating_System" title="Aros Research Operating System">AROS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Haiku_(sistema_operativo)" title="Haiku (sistema operativo)">Haiku</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/IBM_i" title="IBM i">IBM i</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Inferno_(sistema_operativo)" title="Inferno (sistema operativo)">Inferno</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6bius_(sistema_operativo)" title="Möbius (sistema operativo)">Möbius</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MorphOS" title="MorphOS">MorphOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Multiple_Virtual_Storage" title="Multiple Virtual Storage">MVS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/ProDOS" title="ProDOS">ProDOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/ReactOS" title="ReactOS">ReactOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/SkyOS" title="SkyOS">SkyOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/TempleOS" title="TempleOS">TempleOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">VMS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cosmos_(sistema_operativo_Olivetti)" title="Cosmos (sistema operativo Olivetti)">Cosmos</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chrome_OS" title="Chrome OS">Chrome OS</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_operativo_per_dispositivi_mobili" title="Sistema operativo per dispositivi mobili">Per dispositivi mobili</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Computer_palmare" title="Computer palmare">palmari</a> e <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a>)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Android" title="Android">Android</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish OS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8" title="Windows Phone 8">Windows Phone 8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8.1" title="Windows Phone 8.1">Windows Phone 8.1</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_Mobile" title="Windows 10 Mobile">Windows 10 Mobile</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Symbian_OS" title="Symbian OS">Symbian OS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Compact" title="Windows Embedded Compact">Windows CE</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Pocket_PC" title="Pocket PC">Pocket PC</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone#Windows_Mobile_2003" title="Windows Phone">Windows Mobile</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_7" title="Windows Phone 7">Windows Phone 7</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Automotive" title="Windows Embedded Automotive">Microsoft Auto</a></small>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Sistemi_operativi_per_dispositivi_mobili" title="Template:Sistemi operativi per dispositivi mobili">altri</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-FOSS"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:FOSS" title="Template:FOSS"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:FOSS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:FOSS (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:FOSS&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_Open_Source_Software" title="Free and Open Source Software">Software libero e open source</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Generale</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Categoria:Eventi_del_software_libero" title="Categoria:Eventi del software libero">Eventi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Software_libero" title="Software libero">Software libero</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/The_Free_Software_Definition" title="The Free Software Definition">Definizione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gratis_versus_libre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gratis versus libre (la pagina non esiste)">Gratis versus libre</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">Open source</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Famiglie di sistemi operativi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Aros_Research_Operating_System" title="Aros Research Operating System">Aros Research Operating System</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(sistema_operativo)" title="Darwin (sistema operativo)">Darwin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ECos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECos (la pagina non esiste)">eCos</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Haiku_(sistema_operativo)" title="Haiku (sistema operativo)">Haiku</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Inferno_(sistema_operativo)" title="Inferno (sistema operativo)">Inferno</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mach_(kernel)" title="Mach (kernel)">Mach</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Minix" class="mw-redirect" title="Minix">Minix</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plan_9" title="Plan 9">Plan 9</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/ReactOS" title="ReactOS">ReactOS</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Redox_(sistema_operativo)" title="Redox (sistema operativo)">Redox</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Symbian_OS" title="Symbian OS">Symbian OS</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Sviluppo software open source</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_(informatica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eclipse (informatica)">Eclipse</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Free_Pascal" title="Free Pascal">Free Pascal</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gambas" title="Gambas">Gambas</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Java_(linguaggio_di_programmazione)" title="Java (linguaggio di programmazione)">Java</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/LLVM" title="LLVM">LLVM</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lua" title="Lua">Lua</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/NetBeans" title="NetBeans">NetBeans</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave">Octave</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Open64&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open64 (la pagina non esiste)">Open64</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ROSE_compiler_framework&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ROSE compiler framework (la pagina non esiste)">ROSE</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(linguaggio_di_programmazione)" title="Ruby (linguaggio di programmazione)">Ruby</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tcl" title="Tcl">Tcl</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Storia_del_software_libero" title="Storia del software libero">Storia del software libero</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GNU</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Haiku_(sistema_operativo)" title="Haiku (sistema operativo)">Haiku</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Linux_(kernel)" title="Linux (kernel)">Linux</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite" title="Mozilla Application Suite">Application Suite</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" title="Mozilla Firefox">Firefox</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Organizzazioni</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Blender_Foundation" title="Blender Foundation">Blender Foundation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Foundation" title="Eclipse Foundation">Eclipse Foundation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Freedesktop.org" title="Freedesktop.org">freedesktop.org</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation_Europe" title="Free Software Foundation Europe">Europe</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation_of_India" title="Free Software Foundation of India">India</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation_Latin_America" title="Free Software Foundation Latin America">Latin America</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Software_Movement_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Software Movement of India (la pagina non esiste)">FSMI</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Foundation" title="GNOME Foundation">GNOME Foundation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Google_Code" title="Google Code">Google Code</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/KDE" title="KDE">KDE</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation" title="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/OSGeo" title="OSGeo">Open Source Geospatial Foundation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">Open Source Initiative</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Software_Freedom_Conservancy" title="Software Freedom Conservancy">Software Freedom Conservancy</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/SourceForge" title="SourceForge">SourceForge</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Symbian_Foundation" title="Symbian Foundation">Symbian Foundation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/The_Document_Foundation" title="The Document Foundation">The Document Foundation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Foundation" title="Ubuntu Foundation">Ubuntu Foundation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Xiph.Org_Foundation" title="Xiph.Org Foundation">Xiph.Org Foundation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=XMPP_Standards_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XMPP Standards Foundation (la pagina non esiste)">XMPP Standards Foundation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/X.Org_Foundation" title="X.Org Foundation">X.Org Foundation</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Software_Freedom_Law_Center" title="Software Freedom Law Center">Software Freedom Law Center</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Licenza_di_software_libero" title="Licenza di software libero">Licenze libere</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Licenza_Apache" title="Licenza Apache">Apache</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Licenza_artistica" title="Licenza artistica">Artistica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Licenze_BSD" title="Licenze BSD">BSD</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU GPL</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public License">GNU LGPL</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Licenza_ISC" title="Licenza ISC">ISC</a><b> ·</b> <a 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