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They are sixteen years old, and they have fitted the world situation up to this time. They fit it now." --Henry Ford, 2-17-21, whose newspaper, the Dearborn Independent, cited the Protocols as evidence of an alleged Jewish threat until at least 1927 </p> </blockquote> <blockquote class="quote"> "To what extent the whole existence of this people is based on a continuous lie is shown incomparably by the Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion...." --Adolph Hitler, Mein Kampf </blockquote> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><em>The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</em> is a forgery made in Russia for the Okhrana (secret police), which blames the Jews for the country's ills. It was first privately printed in 1897 and was made public in 1905. It is copied from a nineteenth century novel by Hermann Goedsche (<em>Biarritz</em>, 1868) and claims that a secret Jewish cabal is plotting to take over the world.</font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3">The basic story was composed by Goedsche, a German novelist and anti-Semite who used the pseudonym of Sir John Retcliffe. Goedsche stole the main story from another writer, Maurice Joly, whose <i>Dialogues in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu</i> (1864) involved a Hellish plot aimed at opposing Napoleon III. Goedsche's original contribution consists mainly of introducing Jews to do the plotting to take over the world.</font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3">The Russians used big chunks of a Russian translation of Goedsche's novel, published it separately as the <em>Protocols</em>, and claimed they were authentic. Their purpose was political: to strengthen the czar Nicholas II's position by exposing his opponents as allies with those who were part of a massive conspiracy to take over the world. Thus, the <em>Protocols</em> are a forgery of a plagiarized fiction.</font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3">The <i>Protocols</i> were exposed as a forgery by Lucien Wolf in <i>The Jewish Bogey and the Forged Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion</i> (London: Press Committee of the Jewish Board of Deputies, 1920). In 1921, <a href="http://emperors-clothes.com/antisem/times-pdf.htm">Philip Graves</a>, a correspondent for the <i>London Times</i>, publicized the forgery. Herman Bernstein in <i>The Truth About "The Protocols of Zion": A Complete Exposure</i> (1935) also tried and failed to convince the world of the forgery.</font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3">The <em>Protocols</em> were published in 1920 in a Michigan newspaper started by Henry Ford mainly to attack Jews and Communists. Even after they were exposed as a forgery, Ford's paper continued to cite the document. Adolf Hitler later used the <em>Protocols</em> to help justify his attempt to exterminate Jews during World War II. </font> </p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3">The <em>Protocols</em> hoax continues to fool people and is still cited by certain individuals and groups as the cause of all their woes. </font> </p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><strong>See also</strong> <strong style="font-weight: 400"><a href="nazism.html">Holocaust denial</a>, <a href="illuminati.html">Illuminati</a>, </strong>and <strong style="font-weight: 400"> <a href="shoehorning.html">shoehorning</a>.</strong></font></p> <hr align="left" width="25%"> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><strong>further reading</strong></font><p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0312218044/roberttoddcarrolA/">Bronner, Stephen Eric. <i>A Rumor About the Jews : Reflections on Antisemitism and the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion</i> (St Martins Press, 2000) </a></font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=1897959257/roberttoddcarrolA/">Cohn, Norman Rufus Colin. <em>Warrant for Genocide; the Myth of the Jewish World-conspiracy and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion</em> (New York: Harper & Row, 1967).</a></font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3">Goldberg, Isaac. <em>The so-called "Protocols of the Elders of Zion"; a Definitive Exposure of One of the Most Malicious Lies in History</em> (Girard, Kansas, Haldeman-Julius Publications, 1936).</font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN=0803292457/roberttoddcarrolA/">Segel, B. W. <em>A Lie and a Libel: the History of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion,</em> Richard S. Levy, translator & editor, (Lincoln, NE : University of Nebraska Press, 1995).</a></font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3">United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary.<em> Protocols of the Elders of Zion; a fabricated "historic" document; a report prepared by the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws</em> ... Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1964.</font></p> <p style="text-align: left"><font size="3" face="Arial">Wolf, Lucien<em>. The Myth of the Jewish Menace in World Affairs; or, The Truth About the Forged Protocols of the Elders of Zion</em> (New York, The Macmillan company, 1921).</font><font size="3"></font><p style="text-align: left"> <b><font size="3">websites</font></b><p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a href="http://www.igc.apc.org/ddickerson/protocols.html"><i>The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</i></a></font><p style="text-align: left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><a href="http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/mzionprotocol.html">What's the story with the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion"?</a> <i>The Straight Dope</i></font><p style="text-align: left"><b> <font face="Arial" size="3">news stories</font></b><p style="text-align: left"> <font size="3" face="Arial"><a href="http://usatoday.com/usatonline/20010928/3492536s.htm">Conspiracy theories say Israel did it Muslims blame Sharon, Mossad By James Cox <i>USA TODAY</i></a><i> </i></font> <p style="text-align: left"><font size="3" face="Arial"> <a href="http://www.csusm.edu/livergood/pakiconsp.htm">Pakistanis Buy Into the Conspiracy Theories By John Daniszewsk</a></font><p></webContent> Last updated 01-Dec-2013 </p> </div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="right_it"> <div class="search"> <form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/custom" target="_top"> <input type="hidden" name="domains" value="skepdic.com" /> <input type="text" name="q" maxlength="255" value="" size="20" /> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" /> <br /> <div class="search_2"> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" value="" /> Web <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" value="skepdic.com" checked="checked" /> Skepdic.com <br /> <img src="_images/logo_google.gif" alt="Google" width="48" height="19" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="client" value="pub-3542920166946725" /> <input type="hidden" name="forid" value="1" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1" /> <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="ISO-8859-1" /> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="GALT:#008000;GL:1;DIV:#336699;VLC:663399;AH:center;BGC:FFFFFF;LBGC:336699;ALC:0000FF;LC:0000FF;T:000000;GFNT:0000FF;GIMP:0000FF;FORID:1;" /> <input type="hidden" name="hl" value="en" /> </form> </div> <div class="center"> <p align="right"><a href="http://skepdic.com/authorpage.html"><strong>Books by R. 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