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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Language policy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Language_policy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Language policy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Language_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Macedonian_(official_and_national)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macedonian_(official_and_national)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Macedonian (official and national)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macedonian_(official_and_national)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Albanian_language_(co-official)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albanian_language_(co-official)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Albanian language (co-official)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albanian_language_(co-official)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minority_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minority_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Minority languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minority_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of languages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_languages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of languages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Macedonian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macedonian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Macedonian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macedonian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Albanian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albanian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Albanian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albanian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Turkish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Romani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbian_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbian_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Serbian language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbian_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bosnian_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bosnian_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Bosnian language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bosnian_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aromanian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Languages of North Macedonia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="মেসিডোনিয়া প্রজাতন্ত্রের ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেসিডোনিয়া প্রজাতন্ত্রের ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Төньяҡ Македония телдәре – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төньяҡ Македония телдәре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Мовы Паўночнай Македоніі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мовы Паўночнай Македоніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Γλώσσες της Βόρειας Μακεδονίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσες της Βόρειας Μακεδονίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_en_Mac%C3%A9doine_du_Nord" title="Langues en Macédoine du Nord – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues en Macédoine du Nord" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EB%A7%88%EC%BC%80%EB%8F%84%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="북마케도니아의 언어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="북마케도니아의 언어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հյուսիսային Մակեդոնիայի Հանրապետության լեզուներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հյուսիսային Մակեդոնիայի Հանրապետության լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჩრდილოეთ მაკედონიის ენები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩრდილოეთ მაკედონიის ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Јазици во Македонија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јазици во Македонија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbile_Macedoniei_de_Nord" title="Limbile Macedoniei de Nord – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbile Macedoniei de Nord" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Языки Северной Македонии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Языки Северной Македонии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_n%C3%AB_Maqedonin%C3%AB_e_Veriut" title="Gjuhët në Maqedoninë e Veriut – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuhët në Maqedoninë e Veriut" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97" title="Мови Північної Македонії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мови Північної Македонії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#efefef;">Languages of North Macedonia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skopje_%E2%80%93_trilingual_signpost.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Skopje_%E2%80%93_trilingual_signpost.jpg/300px-Skopje_%E2%80%93_trilingual_signpost.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Skopje_%E2%80%93_trilingual_signpost.jpg/450px-Skopje_%E2%80%93_trilingual_signpost.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Skopje_%E2%80%93_trilingual_signpost.jpg/600px-Skopje_%E2%80%93_trilingual_signpost.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2333" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Signage in Macedonian, English, and Albanian in <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> (co-official)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Minority_language" title="Minority language">Minority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a> & <a href="/wiki/Aromanian_language" title="Aromanian language">Aromanian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">Foreign</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Signed</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Sign_Language" title="Macedonian Sign Language">Macedonian Sign Language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">Keyboard layout</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Macedonian" title="Keyboard layout">Macedonian Cyrillic</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keyboard_layout_Macedonian.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Keyboard_layout_Macedonian.svg/200px-Keyboard_layout_Macedonian.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Keyboard_layout_Macedonian.svg/300px-Keyboard_layout_Macedonian.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Keyboard_layout_Macedonian.svg/400px-Keyboard_layout_Macedonian.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Makedonija_-_Jezicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Makedonija_-_Jezicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif/300px-Makedonija_-_Jezicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Makedonija_-_Jezicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif/450px-Makedonija_-_Jezicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Makedonija_-_Jezicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif/600px-Makedonija_-_Jezicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002.gif 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="3283" /></a><figcaption>Linguistic map of North Macedonia, 2002 census.</figcaption></figure> <p>The official language of <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> is <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> has co-official status. Macedonian is spoken by roughly two-thirds of the population natively, and as a second language by much of the rest of the population. Albanian is the largest minority language. There are a further five national minority languages: <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aromanian_language" title="Aromanian language">Aromanian</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Sign_Language" title="Macedonian Sign Language">Macedonian Sign Language</a> is the country's official <a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign language</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint"> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:300px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Languages of North Macedonia<br /><small>2002 census</small></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Macedonian</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:66.49%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">66.49%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Albanian</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:25.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">25.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Turkish</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:violet; width:3.54%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.54%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Romani</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:1.90%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.90%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Serbian</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:1.22%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.22%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Bosnian</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:0.42%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.42%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Aromanian</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:brown; width:0.34%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.34%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">other / unspecified</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:0.99%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.99%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> </div> <p>According to the 2002 census, North Macedonia had a population of 2,022,547. A total of 1,344,815 Macedonian citizens declared they speak Macedonian, 507,989 speak Albanian, 71,757 speak Turkish, 38,528 speak Roma, 6,884 speak Aromanian, 24,773 speak Serbian, 8.560 speak Bosnian and 19,241 speak other languages.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_policy">Language policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Language policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macedonian_(official_and_national)"><span id="Macedonian_.28official_and_national.29"></span>Macedonian (official and national)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Macedonian (official and national)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The language policy in North Macedonia is regulated by the 7 Article of the Constitution of North Macedonia and the Law of languages. According to the national constitution:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <ol><li>The Macedonian language, written using its Cyrillic alphabet, is the official language throughout the Republic of North Macedonia and in the international relations of the Republic of North Macedonia.</li> <li>Any other language spoken by at least 20 percent of the population is also an official language, written using its alphabet, as specified below.</li> <li>Any official personal documents of citizens speaking an official language other than Macedonian shall also be issued in that language, in addition to the Macedonian language, in accordance with the law.</li> <li>Any person living in a unit of local self-government in which at least 20 percent of the population speaks an official language other than Macedonian may use that official language to communicate with the office of the central government with responsibility for that municipality; such an office shall reply in that language in addition to Macedonian. Any person may use any official language to communicate with a main office of the central government, which shall reply in that language in addition to Macedonian.</li> <li>In the organs of the Republic of North Macedonia, any official language other than Macedonian may be used in accordance with the law.</li> <li>In the units of local self-government where at least 20 percent of the population speaks a particular language, that language and its alphabet shall be used as an official language in addition to the Macedonian language and the Cyrillic alphabet. With respect to languages spoken by less than 20 percent of the population of a unit of local self-government, the local authorities shall decide on their use in public bodies. </li></ol></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albanian_language_(co-official)"><span id="Albanian_language_.28co-official.29"></span>Albanian language (co-official)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Albanian language (co-official)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 15 January 2019 the Law on the Use of Languages came into effect, despite the refusal of President <a href="/wiki/Gjorge_Ivanov" title="Gjorge Ivanov">Gjorge Ivanov</a> to sign off on it. The law was published in the government gazette after being signed by parliament Speaker <a href="/wiki/Talat_Xhaferi" title="Talat Xhaferi">Talat Xhaferi</a>. In this way Albanian became a second official language in North Macedonia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Albanian language until then could only be co-official in the areas where the Albanian minority represented at least 20% of the population per the 2008 Law on the Use of Languages spoken by at least 20% of the citizens in the units of the local self-government.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new law extended the official use of Albanian over the entire country, easing communication in Albanian with the institutions. Under the new legislation, Macedonian continues to be the primary official language, while Albanian may be used now as a second one, including at a national level in official matters. The legislation stipulates also all public institutions in the country will provide Albanian translations in their everyday work.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite since 2019 the usage of Albanian language being no longer geographically limited, the Macedonian language with the Cyrillic alphabet remains the only official language throughout the whole territory of North Macedonia and its international relations, per Macedonian Government.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there are still problems of the use of Albanian as the second official language in North Macedonia.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minority_languages">Minority languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Minority languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some minority languages are co-official, along with Macedonian, in the municipalities (<i>opštini</i>) where they are spoken by at least 20% of the municipal population. Turkish is co-official in <a href="/wiki/Centar_%C5%BDupa_Municipality" title="Centar Župa Municipality">Centar Župa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbinci_Municipality" title="Karbinci Municipality">Karbinci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kon%C4%8De_Municipality" title="Konče Municipality">Konče</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plasnica_municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasnica municipality">Plasnica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vasilevo_Municipality" title="Vasilevo Municipality">Vasilevo</a>. Romani is co-official in <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0uto_Orizari_Municipality" title="Šuto Orizari Municipality">Šuto Orizari</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_languages">List of languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List of languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macedonian">Macedonian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Macedonian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Macedonian (<span title="Macedonian-language text"><span lang="mk">македонски јазик</span></span>, <i>makedonski jazik</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">South Slavic language</a>, spoken as a <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">first language</a> by approximately 1.4–2.5 million people, principally in <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_diaspora" title="Macedonian diaspora">Macedonian diaspora</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> in North Macedonia and a recognized <a href="/wiki/Minority_language" title="Minority language">minority language</a> in parts of <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Standard_Macedonian" title="Standard Macedonian">Standard Macedonian</a> was implemented as the official language of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia" title="Socialist Republic of Macedonia">Socialist Republic of Macedonia</a> in 1945<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has since developed a thriving <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_literature" title="Macedonian literature">literary tradition</a>. Most of the <a href="/wiki/Codification_(linguistics)" title="Codification (linguistics)">codification</a> was formalized during the same period.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Friedman,_V._1998_pp._31-57_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedman,_V._1998_pp._31-57-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albanian">Albanian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Albanian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Albanian (<span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">gjuha shqipe</i></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European language</a> spoken by over 7.3 million people world-wide, primarily in <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> but also in other areas of the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> in which there is an Albanian population, including western North Macedonia, southern <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. Albanian is also spoken in centuries-old Albanian-based dialect speaking communities scattered in southern Greece, southern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Albanian diaspora. Within North Macedonia, Albanian is spoken in western and northern parts of the Republic. As of January 2019 it has become the co-official language in North Macedonia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkish">Turkish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Turkish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkish (<i>Türkçe</i>) is the most populous of the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a>, with over 70 million native speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-Syracuse_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syracuse-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speakers are located predominantly in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, with smaller groups in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> (mostly in the occupied <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">North of the island</a>), <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> (mostly in <a href="/wiki/Western_Thrace" title="Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a>), and other parts of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia. Small Turkish-speaking communities can be found in several places in North Macedonia, such as <a href="/wiki/Vrap%C4%8Di%C5%A1te" title="Vrapčište">Vrapčište</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gostivar" title="Gostivar">Gostivar</a>. </p><p>Turkish speakers are above the 20% threshold for local official use in <a href="/wiki/Plasnica_Municipality" title="Plasnica Municipality">Plasnica Municipality</a> (97%), <a href="/wiki/Centar_%C5%BDupa_Municipality" title="Centar Župa Municipality">Centar Župa</a> (59%), <a href="/wiki/Karbinci_Municipality" title="Karbinci Municipality">Karbinci Municipality</a> (25%), <a href="/wiki/Vasilevo_Municipality" title="Vasilevo Municipality">Vasilevo Municipality</a> (23%), and <a href="/wiki/Kon%C4%8De_Municipality" title="Konče Municipality">Konče Municipality</a> (22%) as of the 2021 census.<sup id="cite_ref-2021_census_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_census-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romani">Romani</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Romani"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balkan Romani (<a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a>: <i lang="rom">romani ćhib</i>) is one of several related languages of the <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a>, belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a> branch of the Indo-European language family. Many varieties of Romani are divergent and sometimes considered languages of their own. The largest of these are <a href="/wiki/Vlax_Romani" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlax Romani">Vlax Romani</a> (about 900,000 speakers), <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Romani" title="Balkan Romani">Balkan Romani</a> (700,000), <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Romani" title="Carpathian Romani">Carpathian Romani</a> (500,000) and <a href="/wiki/Sinte_Romani" title="Sinte Romani">Sinti Romani</a> (300,000). In North Macedonia, Balkan Romani is spoken. <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0uto_Orizari" title="Šuto Orizari">Šuto Orizari</a> is the largest Romani-speaking settlement in the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbian_language">Serbian language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Serbian language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Serbian (српски, <i>srpski</i>) is a standardized <a href="/wiki/Register_(sociolinguistics)" title="Register (sociolinguistics)">register</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian language</a><sup id="cite_ref-David_Dalby_2000,_pg._445,_53_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David_Dalby_2000,_pg._445,_53-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phil.muni.cz_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phil.muni.cz-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spoken by <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mainly in <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and North Macedonia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is official in Serbia and one of the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is the principal language of the Serbs. </p><p>Serbian speakers do not form greater than the 20% needed threshold for official use in any municipality as of the 2021 census. The two municipalities with the highest percentage of Serbian speakers are <a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_Staro_Nagori%C4%8Dane" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipality of Staro Nagoričane">Staro Nagoričane</a> (9.6%) and <a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_%C4%8Cu%C4%8Der_Sandevo" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipality of Čučer Sandevo">Čučer-Sandevo</a> (8.6%).<sup id="cite_ref-2021_census_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_census-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bosnian_language">Bosnian language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bosnian language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bosnian (<i>bosanski</i>, босански) is another standardized register of Serbo-Croatian,<sup id="cite_ref-David_Dalby_2000,_pg._445,_53_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David_Dalby_2000,_pg._445,_53-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phil.muni.cz_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phil.muni.cz-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spoken by <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a>. As a standardized form of the <a href="/wiki/Shtokavian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Shtokavian dialect">Shtokavian dialect</a>, it is one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the Bosnian-speaking Macedonian citizens live in the Vardar region, though they do not form greater than the 20% threshold in any municipality in the country. The municipalities with the highest percentages of Bosnian speakers are <a href="/wiki/Petrovec_Municipality" title="Petrovec Municipality">Petrovec Municipality</a> (19%), <a href="/wiki/Dolneni_Municipality" title="Dolneni Municipality">Dolneni Municipality</a> (15.3%), <a href="/wiki/Gradsko_Municipality" title="Gradsko Municipality">Gradsko Municipality</a> (11%), and <a href="/wiki/Studeni%C4%8Dani_Municipality" title="Studeničani Municipality">Studeničani Municipality</a> (7.4%), as of the 2021 census.<sup id="cite_ref-2021_census_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_census-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aromanian">Aromanian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Aromanian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aromanian (<i>Limba Armãneascã</i>) or <i>Vlach</i> is an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Romance_languages" title="Eastern Romance languages">Eastern Romance language</a> spoken in several pockets across Southeastern Europe. Its speakers are called <a href="/wiki/Aromanians" title="Aromanians">Aromanians</a> or "Vlachs" (which is an <a href="/wiki/Exonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym">exonym</a> in widespread use to define the communities in the Balkans). It shares many features with modern <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, having similar morphology and syntax, as well as a large common vocabulary inherited from Latin. An important source of dissimilarity between Romanian and Aromanian is the <a href="/wiki/Adstratum" class="mw-redirect" title="Adstratum">adstratum</a> languages: while Romanian has been influenced to a greater extent by the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a>, Aromanian has been more influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a>, with which it has been in close contact throughout its history. The largest Aromanian-speaking community in North Macedonia can be found in the town of <a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1evo" title="Kruševo">Kruševo</a> (21.1% of the municipal population). In North Macedonia, the language is known as 'Vlach' (влашки јазик, <i>vlaški jazik</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sign_language">Sign language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sign language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_sign_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian sign language">Macedonian sign language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: <span lang="mk">македонски знаковен јазик</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Macedonian" title="Romanization of Macedonian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Macedonian-language romanization"><i lang="mk-Latn">makedonski znakoven jazik</i></span> or <span title="Macedonian-language text"><span lang="mk">македонски гестовен јазик</span></span> / <span title="Macedonian-language text"><i lang="mk">makedonski gestoven jazik</i></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Deaf_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaf community">deaf community</a> in North Macedonia.<sup id="cite_ref-јазик_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-јазик-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As all sign languages, the Macedonian sign language is also based on gestures and body movements, particularly movements with the hands. The precise number of signers in North Macedonia is not known, but 6,000 people in 2012 requested signed news on Macedonian television.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The learning and the usage of the language, as well as the rights of the deaf community in North Macedonia are regulated by a national law.<sup id="cite_ref-закон_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-закон-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_languages">Foreign languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Foreign languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many people speak a foreign language. A rapidly declining share of the population, consisting almost entirely of elderly people, has knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> or <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>. <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> is also well-known. Among the younger population, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> is extremely common, along with knowledge of Serbo-Croatian and some German. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Macedonia" title="Demographics of North Macedonia">Demographics of North Macedonia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDržaven_zavod_za_statistika_/_State_Statistical_Office2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Državen zavod za statistika / State Statistical Office (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gov.mk/Publikacii/knigaX.pdf"><i>Popis na naselenieto, domaḱinstvata i stanovite vo Republika Makedonija, 2002: Definitivni podatoci / Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Macedonia, 2002: Final Data</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Macedonian and English). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=albanianlanguage.net&rft.atitle=The+Albanian+Language+%E2%80%93+Robert+Elsie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albanianlanguage.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+North+Macedonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syracuse-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Syracuse_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110823044535/http://newlll.syr.edu/index.php?pgm=Turkish&page=home">"Turkish Language Program"</a>. Syracuse University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newlll.syr.edu/index.php?pgm=Turkish&page=home">the original</a> on 2011-08-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+Language+Program&rft.pub=Syracuse+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewlll.syr.edu%2Findex.php%3Fpgm%3DTurkish%26page%3Dhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+North+Macedonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021_census-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021_census_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_census_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021_census_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://makstat.stat.gov.mk/PXWeb/pxweb/mk/MakStat/MakStat__Popisi__Popis2021__NaselenieVkupno__Naselenie__EtnoKulturniKarakteristiki/T1015P21.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=391f4298-cffb-441f-ab02-65f4b712d1f9">2021 census, municipality by mother tongue</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-David_Dalby_2000,_pg._445,_53-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-David_Dalby_2000,_pg._445,_53_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-David_Dalby_2000,_pg._445,_53_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Dalby, <i>Linguasphere</i> (1999/2000, Linguasphere Observatory), pg. 445, 53-AAA-g, "Srpski+Hrvatski, Serbo-Croatian".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortson2010" class="citation book cs1">Fortson, Benjamin W. IV (2010). <i>Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction</i> (2nd ed.). Chichester, U.K.: Blackwell. p. 431. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8895-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8895-1"><bdi>978-1-4051-8895-1</bdi></a>. <q>Because of their mutual intelligibility, Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian are usually thought of as constituting one language called Serbo-Croatian.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indo-European+Language+and+Culture%3A+An+Introduction&rft.place=Chichester%2C+U.K.&rft.pages=431&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8895-1&rft.aulast=Fortson&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+W.+IV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+North+Macedonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phil.muni.cz-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-phil.muni.cz_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-phil.muni.cz_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlažek" class="citation web cs1">Blažek, Václav. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phil.muni.cz/linguistica/art/blazek/bla-003.pdf">"On the Internal Classification of Indo-European Languages: Survey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 15–16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+Internal+Classification+of+Indo-European+Languages%3A+Survey&rft.pages=15-16&rft.aulast=Bla%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=V%C3%A1clav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phil.muni.cz%2Flinguistica%2Fart%2Fblazek%2Fbla-003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+North+Macedonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.C. Hawkesworth, "Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian Linguistic Complex", also B Arsenijević, "Serbia and Montenegro: Language Situation". Both in the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Language_and_Linguistics" title="Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics">Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics</a></i>, 2nd edition, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benjamin V. Fortson, IV, <i>Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction</i>, 2nd ed. (2010, Blackwell), pg. 431, "Because of their mutual intelligibility, Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian are usually thought of as constituting one language called Serbo-Croatian."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/legal/oth-legist/doc/fbih-constitution.doc">Art. 6 of the Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, available at the official website of Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-јазик-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-јазик_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdmin" class="citation web cs1">Admin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deafmkd.org.mk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=79&lang=mk">"Знаковен јазик"</a>. <i>www.deafmkd.org.mk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.deafmkd.org.mk&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.au=Admin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deafmkd.org.mk%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D54%26Itemid%3D79%26lang%3Dmk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+North+Macedonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727190206/http://star.dnevnik.com.mk/default.aspx?pbroj=1782&stID=10852">"Dnevnik"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://star.dnevnik.com.mk/default.aspx?pbroj=1782&stID=10852">the original</a> on 2011-07-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dnevnik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstar.dnevnik.com.mk%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fpbroj%3D1782%26stID%3D10852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+North+Macedonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-закон-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-закон_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deafmkd.org.mk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=57&Itemid=82&lang=mk">Закон за употреба на знаковниот јазик, Службен весник на Република Македонија, број 105, 21 август 2009, Скопје</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages of North Macedonia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_language" title="Aromanian language">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanian_language" title="Megleno-Romanian language">Megleno-Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Sign_Language" title="Macedonian Sign Language">Macedonian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="North_Macedonia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Macedonia_topics" title="Template:North Macedonia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_Macedonia_topics" title="Template talk:North Macedonia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_Macedonia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North Macedonia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="North_Macedonia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Macedonia" title="History of North Macedonia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Macedonia#Ancient_period" title="History of North Macedonia">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paeonia_(kingdom)" title="Paeonia (kingdom)">Paeonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagonia" title="Pelagonia">Pelagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Kingdom of Macedon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Macedonia" title="Upper Macedonia">Upper Macedonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dardania" title="Kingdom of Dardania">Kingdom of Dardania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Roman Province</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)#Macedonia_Secunda_or_Salutaris" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia Salutaris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Macedonia" title="Diocese of Macedonia">Roman Diocese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Macedonia#Medieval_period" title="History of North Macedonia">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bulgarian Empire <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_(theme)" title="Bulgaria (theme)">Theme of Bulgaria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Prilep" title="Lordship of Prilep">Kingdom of Prilep</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="North Macedonia under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karposh%27s_rebellion" title="Karposh's rebellion">Karposh's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilinden%E2%80%93Preobrazhenie_Uprising" title="Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising">Ilinden Uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1evo_Republic" title="Kruševo Republic">Kruševo Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1evo_Manifesto" title="Kruševo Manifesto">Kruševo Manifesto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1913)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1913)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_front" title="Macedonian front">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Serbia_(World_War_I)" title="Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)">Bulgarian occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Serbia_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="South Serbia (1919–1922)">South Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardar_Banovina" title="Vardar Banovina">Vardar Banovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslav_Macedonia" title="World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia">War in Yugoslav Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Macedonia_(1944)" title="Independent Macedonia (1944)">Independent Macedonia (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist_Assembly_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Macedonia" title="Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia">Anti-Fascist Assembly <span style="font-size:85%;">(ASNOM)</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Macedonia)" title="National Liberation Front (Macedonia)">National Liberation Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Greek_Civil_War" title="Refugees of the Greek Civil War">Refugees of the Greek Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia" title="Socialist Republic of Macedonia">Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Skopje_earthquake" title="1963 Skopje earthquake">1963 Skopje earthquake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_insurgency_in_Macedonia" title="2001 insurgency in Macedonia">2001 insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Agreement_(2001)" title="Ohrid Agreement (2001)">Ohrid Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republic_of_Macedonia_inter-ethnic_violence" title="2012 Republic of Macedonia inter-ethnic violence">2012 inter-ethnic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Macedonian_government_building_attack" title="2014 Macedonian government building attack">2014 Macedonian government building attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kumanovo_clashes" title="2015 Kumanovo clashes">2015 Kumanovo clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Macedonian_protests" title="2015 Macedonian protests">2015 Macedonian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Macedonian_protests" title="2016 Macedonian protests">2016 Macedonian protests-Colorful Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_storming_of_the_Macedonian_Parliament" title="2017 storming of the Macedonian Parliament">2017 storming of the Macedonian Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prespa_Agreement" title="Prespa Agreement">2018 Prespa agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_North_Macedonia_protests" title="2022 North Macedonia protests">2022 North Macedonia protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Macedonia" title="Geography of North Macedonia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of cities in North Macedonia">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_North_Macedonia" title="Environmental issues in North Macedonia">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_North_Macedonia" title="Geology of North Macedonia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes#North_Macedonia" title="List of lakes">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of mountains in North Macedonia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_North_Macedonia" title="List of rivers of North Macedonia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_North_Macedonia" title="Wildlife of North Macedonia">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Macedonia" title="Politics of North Macedonia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Macedonia" title="Constitution of North Macedonia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Macedonia" title="Elections in North Macedonia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_North_Macedonia" title="Assembly of North Macedonia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of political parties in North Macedonia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_North_Macedonia" title="President of North Macedonia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_North_Macedonia" title="Prime Minister of North Macedonia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_North_Macedonia" title="Administrative divisions of North Macedonia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_North_Macedonia" title="Municipalities of North Macedonia">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_regions_of_North_Macedonia" title="Statistical regions of North Macedonia">Statistical regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Macedonia" title="Foreign relations of North Macedonia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Macedonia" title="Human rights in North Macedonia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in North Macedonia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_North_Macedonia" title="Police of North Macedonia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_North_Macedonia" title="Army of North Macedonia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">Naming dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_Macedonia" title="Economy of North Macedonia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_North_Macedonia" title="Agriculture in North Macedonia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_North_Macedonia" title="National Bank of North Macedonia">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_denar" title="Macedonian denar">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of power stations in North Macedonia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Stock_Exchange" title="Macedonian Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_North_Macedonia" title="Telecommunications in North Macedonia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Tourism in North Macedonia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_North_Macedonia" title="Transport in North Macedonia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_North_Macedonia" title="Category:Society of North Macedonia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Macedonia" title="Demographics of North Macedonia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_North_Macedonia" title="Education in North Macedonia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Macedonia#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of North Macedonia">Ethnic groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanians in North Macedonia">Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_North_Macedonia" title="Health in North Macedonia">Health</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Religion in North Macedonia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_North_Macedonia" title="Women in North Macedonia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_Macedonia" title="Culture of North Macedonia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denes_nad_Makedonija" title="Denes nad Makedonija">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_North_Macedonia" title="Architecture of North Macedonia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Macedonia" title="Cinema of North Macedonia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_embroidery" title="Macedonian embroidery">Embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_North_Macedonia" title="Flag of North Macedonia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_literature" title="Macedonian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_North_Macedonia" title="Mass media in North Macedonia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia" title="Music of North Macedonia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Slavic_mythology" title="Macedonian Slavic mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_North_Macedonia" title="National emblem of North Macedonia">National emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_North_Macedonia" title="National symbols of North Macedonia">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_North_Macedonia" title="Public holidays in North Macedonia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of radio stations in North Macedonia">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_North_Macedonia" title="Television in North Macedonia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_North_Macedonia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in North Macedonia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_North_Macedonia" title="Outline of North Macedonia">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:North_Macedonia" title="Category:North Macedonia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Macedonia" title="Portal:North Macedonia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Europe" title="Template:Languages of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Languages of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">Languages of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Albania" title="Languages of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Andorra" title="Languages of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Armenia" title="Languages of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Austria" title="Languages of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Azerbaijan" title="Languages of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Belarus" title="Languages of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Belgium" title="Languages of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bulgaria" title="Languages of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cyprus" title="Languages of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Denmark" title="Languages of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Estonia" title="Languages of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Finland" title="Languages of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_France" title="Languages of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Germany" title="Languages of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Greece" title="Languages of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hungary" title="Languages of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Iceland" title="Languages of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ireland" title="Languages of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kazakhstan" title="Languages of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Liechtenstein" title="Languages of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Luxembourg" title="Languages of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malta" title="Languages of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Moldova" title="Languages of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Monaco" title="Languages of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Montenegro" title="Languages of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Netherlands" title="Languages of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norway" title="Languages of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Poland" title="Languages of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Portugal" title="Languages of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Romania" title="Languages of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Russia" title="Languages of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_San_Marino" title="Languages of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Serbia" title="Languages of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Slovenia" title="Languages of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sweden" title="Languages of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland" title="Languages of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Turkey" title="Languages of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ukraine" title="Languages of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Languages of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Languages of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Scotland" title="Languages of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wales" title="Languages of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vatican_City" title="Languages of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_%C3%85land" title="Languages of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Languages of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gibraltar" title="Languages of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Languages of the Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Languages of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Jersey" title="Languages of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Svalbard" title="Languages of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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