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Marketable assets

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markets</a> <hr> <div class="nav-title">Quick links</div> <ul> <li><a href="/ecb/educational/explainers/tell-me/html/what-is-monetary-policy.en.html">What is monetary policy?</a></li> <li><a href="/mopo/strategy/strategy-review/html/index.en.html">Strategy review</a></li> <li><a href="/mopo/implement/app/html/index.en.html">Asset purchase programmes</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="/press/press_conference/html/index.en.html" class="item image"> <img src="/press/tvservices/html/index/ECB press conference place holder new_2560x1440.jpg" width="357" height="179" loading="lazy" style="object-fit:cover"> <div class="image-caption">Latest monetary policy press conference</div> <div class="image-date">30 January 2025</div> </a> </div></div><ul><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/mopo/intro/html/index.en.html">Introduction</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Introduction"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/intro/benefits/html/index.en.html">Benefits of price stability</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/intro/role/html/index.en.html">Scope of monetary policy</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/intro/transmission/html/index.en.html">Transmission mechanism</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/decisions/html/index.en.html">Decisions, statements & accounts</a></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/mopo/strategy/html/index.en.html">Monetary policy strategy</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Monetary policy strategy"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/strategy/strategy-review/html/index.en.html">Strategy review</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/strategy/medium-term-orientation/html/index.en.html">Medium-term orientation</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/strategy/pricestab/html/index.en.html">Two per cent inflation target</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/mopo/devel/html/index.en.html">Economic, monetary and financial analysis</a><a href="#" 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href="/mopo/implement/app/lending/html/index.en.html">Securities lending</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/implement/pepp/html/index.en.html">Pandemic emergency purchase programme</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/implement/sf/html/index.en.html">Standing facilities</a></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/mopo/implement/mr/html/index.en.html">Minimum reserves</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Minimum reserves"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/implement/mr/two-tier/html/index.en.html">Two-tier system</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/mopo/international-market-operations/html/index.en.html">International market operations</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for International market operations"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/international-market-operations/liquidity_lines/html/index.en.html">Euro central bank liquidity lines</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/ela/html/index.en.html">Emergency liquidity assistance (ELA)</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/liq/html/index.en.html">Liquidity analysis</a></li><li class="has-subpages -section"><a href="/mopo/coll/html/index.en.html">Collateral</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Collateral"></a><ul><li class="has-subpages -section"><a href="/mopo/coll/standards/html/index.en.html">Eligibility criteria and assessment</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Eligibility criteria and assessment"></a><ul><li class="clearfix -current"><a href="/mopo/coll/standards/marketable/html/index.en.html">Marketable assets</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/standards/nonmarketable/html/index.en.html">Non-marketable assets</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/mopo/coll/assets/html/index.en.html">List of eligible marketable assets</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for List of eligible marketable assets"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/assets/guide/html/index.en.html">User guide</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/mopo/coll/coll/html/index.en.html">Mobilising collateral</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Mobilising collateral"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/coll/ccbm/html/index.en.html">CCBM</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/coll/eligiblesss/html/index.en.html">Eligible SSSs</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/coll/ssslinks/html/index.en.html">Eligible links</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/coll/triparty/html/index.en.html">Eligible triparty agents</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/mopo/coll/risk/html/index.en.html">Risk mitigation</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Risk mitigation"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/risk/ecaf/html/index.en.html">ECAF</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/risk/riskcontrol/html/index.en.html">Risk control</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/risk/liquidity/html/index.en.html">Haircut categories</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/risk/valuation/html/index.en.html">Valuation</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/mopo/coll/loanlevel/html/index.en.html">Loan-level requirements</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Loan-level requirements"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/loanlevel/transmission/html/index.en.html">Data templates</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/loanlevel/implementation/html/index.en.html">Eligibility requirements</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/loanlevel/faq/html/index.en.html">Frequently asked questions</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/coll/contacts/html/index.en.html">Contacts</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/mopo/eaec/html/index.en.html">Structure of the euro area economy</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Structure of the euro area economy"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/eaec/ecopolicy/html/index.en.html">Economic policy</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/eaec/fiscal/html/index.en.html">Fiscal policies</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/eaec/trade/html/index.en.html">External trade</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/eaec/eer/html/index.en.html">Effective exchange rates</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/eaec/structure/html/index.en.html">Financial structure</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/eaec/markets/html/index.en.html">Financial markets</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/eaec/intermediaries/html/index.en.html">Financial intermediaries</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/eaec/diversity/html/index.en.html">Economic diversity</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/mopo/eaec/labour/html/index.en.html">Labour market</a></li></ul></li><li 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href="/paym/html/index.en.html">Payments & financial stability</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Payments & financial stability"></a><div class="nav-first-level-wrap"><div class="nav-featured-wrap"><div class="nav-featured"><div class="item"> <div class="title">Payments & financial stability</div> <p>Insights into our work on financial stability and payments and market infrastructures</p> <a href="/paym/html/index.en.html">Overview of payments and financial stability</a> <hr> <div class="nav-title">Quick links</div> <ul> <li><a href="/euro/digital_euro/html/index.en.html">Digital euro</a></li> <li><a href="/press/intro/html/index.en.html">Payments news & events</a></li> <li><a href="/paym/target/target-professional-use-documents-links/html/index.en.html">TARGET professional use documents and links</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="/pub/financial-stability/fsr/html/index.en.html" class="item image"> <img src="/paym/financial-stability/html/index/fsr_1000x750.jpg" width="357" height="179" loading="lazy" style="object-fit:cover"> <div class="image-caption">Latest Financial Stability Review</div> <div class="image-date">16 May 2024</div> </a> </div></div><ul><li class="clearfix"><span>Payments</span></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/target/html/index.en.html">TARGET Services</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for TARGET Services"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/coco/html/index.en.html">Shared features</a></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/target/t2/html/index.en.html">T2</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for T2"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/t2/facts/html/index.en.html">Facts and figures</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/t2/governance/html/index.en.html">Governance</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/target/t2s/html/index.en.html">T2S</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for T2S"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/t2s/governance/html/index.en.html">Governance</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/t2s/facts/html/index.en.html">Facts and figures</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/t2s/pricing/html/index.en.html">Pricing</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/target/tips/html/index.en.html">TIPS</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for TIPS"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/tips/crossborder/html/index.en.html">Cross-border payments</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/tips/governance/html/index.en.html">Governance</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/tips/facts/html/index.en.html">Facts and figures</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/tips/onboarding/html/index.en.html">Onboarding</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/ecms/html/index.en.html">ECMS</a></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/target/target-professional-use-documents-links/html/index.en.html">TARGET professional use documents & links</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for TARGET professional use documents & links"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/target-professional-use-documents-links/coco/html/index.en.html">Shared features documents & links</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/target-professional-use-documents-links/t2/html/index.en.html">T2 documents & links</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/target-professional-use-documents-links/t2s/html/index.en.html">T2S documents & links</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/target-professional-use-documents-links/tips/html/index.en.html">TIPS documents & links</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/target/target-professional-use-documents-links/ecms/html/index.en.html">ECMS documents & links</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/integration/html/index.en.html">Integration and innovation</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Integration and innovation"></a><ul><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/integration/distributed/html/index.en.html">Distributed ledger technologies</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Distributed ledger technologies"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/integration/distributed/exploratory/html/index.en.html">Exploratory work</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/integration/retail/html/index.en.html">Retail payments</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Retail payments"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/integration/retail/retail_payments_strategy/html/index.en.html">Retail payments strategy</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/integration/retail/ecb/html/index.en.html">ECB as a catalyst</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/integration/retail/sepa/html/index.en.html">SEPA</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/integration/retail/instant_payments/html/index.en.html">Instant payments</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/integration/collateral/html/index.en.html">Collateral management harmonisation</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Collateral management harmonisation"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/integration/collateral/implementation/html/index.en.html">Implementation</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/integration/collateral/faq/html/index.en.html">FAQ</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/cyber-resilience/html/index.en.html">Cyber resilience</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Cyber resilience"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/cyber-resilience/fmi/html/index.en.html">Financial market infrastructures</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/cyber-resilience/tiber-eu/html/index.en.html">TIBER-EU</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/pol/html/index.en.html">Oversight</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Oversight"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/pol/systems/html/index.en.html">Payment systems</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/pol/target2-securities/html/index.en.html">TARGET2-Securities</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/pol/instr/html/index.en.html">Electronic payments</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/pol/clearing/html/index.en.html">Securities settlement systems and central counterparties</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/pol/critical/html/index.en.html">Critical service providers</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/pol/correspondent-and-custodian-banks/html/index.en.html">Correspondent and custodian banks</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/pol/forum/html/index.en.html">SecuRe Pay forum</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/erms/html/index.en.html">Reserve management services</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Reserve management services"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/erms/aspects/html/index.en.html">Key aspects</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/erms/service/html/index.en.html">Range of services</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/cashprof/html/index.en.html">Cash professionals</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Cash professionals"></a><ul><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/cashprof/cashhand/html/index.en.html">Cash handling</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Cash handling"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/cashprof/cashhand/devices/html/index.en.html">Authentication devices</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/cashprof/cashhand/recycling/html/index.en.html">Recirculation of banknotes</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/cashprof/cdispec/html/index.en.html">Common detector interface specifications</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/cashprof/accreditation/html/index.en.html">Banknote manufacturer accreditation</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/paym/groups/html/index.en.html">Payment contact groups</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Payment contact groups"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/groups/ami/html/index.en.html">Advisory groups on market infrastructures</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/groups/euro-cyber-board/html/index.en.html">Euro Cyber Resilience Board</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/groups/erpb/html/index.en.html">Euro Retail Payments Board (ERPB)</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/groups/efip/html/index.en.html">European Forum for Innovation in Payments (EFIP)</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><span>Financial stability</span></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/financial-stability/html/index.en.html">Introduction to financial stability</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/macroprudential-measures/html/index.en.html">Macroprudential Measures</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/paym/financial_stability_contact_groups/html/index.en.html">Financial stability contact groups</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="has-subpages" aria-expanded="false"><a href="/stats/html/index.en.html">Statistics</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Statistics"></a><div class="nav-first-level-wrap"><div class="nav-featured-wrap"><div class="nav-featured"><div class="item"> <div class="title">Statistics</div> <p>Access to all ECB statistics and background information</p> <a href="/stats/html/index.en.html">Overview of ECB statistics</a> <hr> <div class="nav-title">Quick links</div> <ul> <li><a href="https://data.ecb.europa.eu/main-figures">Main figures</a></li> <li><a href="https://data.ecb.europa.eu/">ECB Data Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/press/stats/html/index.en.html">Statistical releases</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="/press/blog/date/2024/html/ecb.blog20240418~2240ea1850.en.html" class="item image"> <img src="/press/blog/date/2024/html//ecb.blog20240418~2240ea1850/ecb.blog20240418~2240ea1850.jpg" width="357" height="179" loading="lazy" style="object-fit:cover"> <div class="image-caption">THE ECB BLOG - Improved data: how climate change impacts banks</div> <div class="image-date">18 April 2024</div> </a> </div></div><ul><li class="clearfix"><span>Frequently accessed</span></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/euro-exchange-rates/html/index.en.html">Euro exchange rates</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/key-ecb-interest-rates/html/index.en.html">Key ECB interest rates</a></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/stats/euro-short-term-rates/html/index.en.html">Euro short-term rate (€STR)</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Euro short-term rate (€STR)"></a><ul><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/stats/euro-short-term-rates/interest_rate_benchmarks/html/index.en.html">Interest rate benchmarks</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Interest rate benchmarks"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/euro-short-term-rates/interest_rate_benchmarks/WG_euro_risk-free_rates/html/index.en.html">Working group on euro risk-free rates</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/inflation/html/index.en.html">Inflation</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/euro-area-yield-curves/html/index.en.html">Euro area yield curves</a></li><li class="clearfix"><span>All statistics & background</span></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/all-key-statistics/html/index.en.html">All key statistics</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/accessing-our-data/html/index.en.html">All data services</a></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/html/index.en.html">Data reporting & standards</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Data reporting & standards"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/governance_and_quality_framework/html/index.en.html">Governance and quality framework</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/co-operation_and_standards/html/index.en.html">Co-operation and standards</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/reporting/html/index.en.html">Banks’ data reporting</a></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/anacredit/html/index.en.html">AnaCredit</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for AnaCredit"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/anacredit/questions/html/index.en.html">AnaCredit Q&A</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/consultations/html/index.en.html">Public consultations</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/dialogue/html/index.en.html">Banking industry dialogue on ESCB statistics and integrated reporting</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/sdmx/html/index.en.html">SDMX – statistical data exchange model</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/stats/ecb_statistics/inexda/html/index.en.html">INEXDA - granular data network</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li><li class="has-subpages" aria-expanded="false"><a href="/euro/html/index.en.html">The euro</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for The euro"></a><div class="nav-first-level-wrap"><div class="nav-featured-wrap"><div class="nav-featured"><div class="item"> <div class="title">The euro</div> <p>All you need to know about our common currency</p> <a href="/euro/html/index.en.html">Overview of the euro</a> <hr> <div class="nav-title">Quick links</div> <ul> <li><a href="/paym/cashprof/html/index.en.html">Cash professionals</a></li> <li><a href="/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/banknotes+coins/html/index.en.html">Banknote and coins statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/euro_reference_exchange_rates/html/index.en.html">Euro exchange rates</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="/stats/ecb_surveys/space/html/ecb.space2024~19d46f0f17.en.html" class="item image"> <img src="/euro/shared/img/cover.png" width="357" height="179" loading="lazy" style="object-fit:cover"> <div class="image-caption">Study on the payment attitudes of consumers in the euro area (SPACE) – 2024</div> <div class="image-date">19 December 2024</div> </a></div></div><ul><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/html/index.en.html">Digital euro</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Digital euro"></a><ul><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/features/html/index.en.html">What it is</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for What it is"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/features/privacy/html/index.en.html">Digital euro and privacy</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/how-it-works/html/index.en.html">How it works</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/why-we-need-it/html/index.en.html">Why we need it</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/progress/html/index.en.html">Timeline and progress</a></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/timeline/html/index.en.html">In-depth information</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for In-depth information"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/timeline/stakeholder/html/index.en.html">Governance and stakeholder engagement</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/timeline/profuse/html/index.en.html">Technical documents and research</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/timeline/rulebook/html/index.en.html">Scheme rulebook</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/digital_euro/faqs/html/index.en.html">Frequently asked questions</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><span>Cash</span></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/euro/cash_strategy/html/index.en.html">The Eurosystem cash strategy</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for The Eurosystem cash strategy"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/cash_strategy/cash_role/html/index.en.html">The role of cash</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/cash_strategy/issuance/html/index.en.html">Issuance and circulation</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/cash_strategy/acceptance-cash/html/index.en.html">Access to and acceptance of cash</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/cash_strategy/faqs/html/index.en.html">Frequently asked questions</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/euro/banknotes/html/index.en.html">Banknotes</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Banknotes"></a><ul><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/euro/banknotes/future_banknotes/html/index.en.html">Future banknotes</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Future banknotes"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/banknotes/future_banknotes/redesign/html/index.en.html">Redesign process</a></li></ul></li><li class="has-subpages"><a href="/euro/banknotes/current/html/index.en.html">Current banknotes</a><a href="#" class="subpages" title="toggle subpages for Current banknotes"></a><ul><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/banknotes/current/denominations/html/index.en.html">Denominations</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/banknotes/current/design/html/index.en.html">Design elements</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/banknotes/current/security/html/index.en.html">Security features</a></li></ul></li><li class="clearfix"><a href="/euro/banknotes/ac/html/index.en.html">Anti-counterfeiting</a></li><li class="clearfix"><a 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Eurosystem credit operations, marketable assets must comply with the eligibility criteria as laid down in the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?VV=true&amp;CT_4_CODED=c_726ab1b3&amp;SUBDOM_INIT=ECB_ACTS&amp;DB_AUTHOR=ecb&amp;DTS_SUBDOM=ECB_ACTS&amp;typeOfActStatus=OTHER&amp;type=advanced&amp;DTC=false&amp;isEcbCourtSearch=null&amp;orFM_CODEDGroup=FM_CODED%3DDEC_ENTSCHEID%2CFM_CODED%3DDEC%2CFM_CODED%3DREG%2CFM_CODED%3DGUIDELINE&amp;sortOneOrder=desc&amp;sortOne=DD&amp;DTS_DOM=EU_LAW&amp;REP=REP&amp;lang=en" title="About › Legal framework › Monetary policy and Operations › Monetary policy instruments">"General framework"</a> . Additional temporary measures on collateral eligibility are laid down in the <a title="About › Legal framework › Monetary policy and Operations › Monetary policy instruments" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?VV=true&amp;CT_4_CODED=c_594e5232&amp;SUBDOM_INIT=ECB_ACTS&amp;DB_AUTHOR=ecb&amp;DTS_SUBDOM=ECB_ACTS&amp;typeOfActStatus=OTHER&amp;type=advanced&amp;DTC=false&amp;isEcbCourtSearch=null&amp;orFM_CODEDGroup=FM_CODED%3DDEC_ENTSCHEID%2CFM_CODED%3DDEC%2CFM_CODED%3DREG%2CFM_CODED%3DGUIDELINE&amp;sortOneOrder=desc&amp;sortOne=DD&amp;DTS_DOM=EU_LAW&amp;REP=REP&amp;lang=en">“Temporary framework” </a> , and are applicable until further notice. </p> </div> <div class="table"> <div class="header"> <div class="title">Schematic overview (further details are set out in the General Documentation)</div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Eligibility criteria</th> <th>Marketable assets</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Type of asset</td> <td> ECB debt certificates <br> Other marketable debt instruments: <br> e.g. Central government debt instruments, Debt instruments issued by central banks, Local and regional government debt instruments, Supranational debt instruments, Covered bank bonds, Credit institutions debt instruments, Debt instruments issued by corporate and other issuers, Asset-backed securities.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Credit standards</td> <td> The asset must meet credit quality requirements. The credit quality requirements are assessed using Eurosystem credit assessment framework <a href="/mopo/coll/elisss/html/index.en.html" title="Payments &amp; Markets › Collateral›Risk mitigation › ECAF">(ECAF)</a> rules for marketable assets. </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Place of issue <sup>*</sup> </td> <td>EEA</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Settlement / <br>handling procedures</td> <td> Place of settlement: euro area <br> Instruments must be centrally deposited in book-entry form with NCBs or an <a href="/mopo/coll/coll/eligiblesss/html/index.en.html" title="">eligible SSS</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Type of issuer / debtor / guarantors</td> <td>Central banks <br> Public sector, Private sector, International and supranational institutions.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Place of establishment of the issuer <sup>*</sup> / debtor / guarantor</td> <td>Issuer: EEA or non-EEA G10 countries <br>Debtor: EEA Guarantor: EEA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Acceptable markets</td> <td>Regulated markets <br>Non-regulated markets accepted by the ECB</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Currency<sup>*</sup></td> <td>Euro</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cross-border use</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> </tbody> <tfoot> <tr> <td colspan="2"><sup>*</sup> or as further specified in the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/search.html?VV=true&amp;CT_4_CODED=c_594e5232&amp;SUBDOM_INIT=ECB_ACTS&amp;DB_AUTHOR=ecb&amp;DTS_SUBDOM=ECB_ACTS&amp;typeOfActStatus=OTHER&amp;type=advanced&amp;DTC=false&amp;isEcbCourtSearch=null&amp;orFM_CODEDGroup=FM_CODED%3DDEC_ENTSCHEID%2CFM_CODED%3DDEC%2CFM_CODED%3DREG%2CFM_CODED%3DGUIDELINE&amp;sortOneOrder=desc&amp;sortOne=DD&amp;DTS_DOM=EU_LAW&amp;REP=REP&amp;lang=en">“Temporary framework”</a> </td> </tr> </tfoot> </table> </div> </div> <div class="section"> <h3 id="dgbank">Eligibility of debt instruments issued on the basis of DG Bank-Umwandlungsgesetz</h3> <p>Debt instruments issued on the basis of the DG Bank-Umwandlungsgesetz do not qualify as European Economic Area legislative covered bonds, as defined in the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02014O0060-20220708&amp;qid=1672648949142">General Documentation</a> (Article 2 (24a)). </p> <p>Therefore, on 29 December 2022 the Governing Council decided that these instruments should be removed from the list of eligible assets on 28 February 2023 and, hence, cannot be used as collateral as of 1 March 2023. This period will provide counterparties that have been using the instruments as collateral for Eurosystem credit operations sufficient time to replace them.</p> <h2>Eligibility assessment procedure</h2> <h3>Proactive assessment by NCBs once the asset is issued</h3> <p> Prior to the publication on the ECB website in the list of eligible marketable assets, national central banks (NCBs) proactively assess the eligibility of the marketable assets. The NCB of the country where the asset is admitted to trading on a regulated market or traded on a non-regulated market is responsible for the assessment of the eligibility of the marketable asset. </p> <p> The eligibility assessment process only begins once the asset is issued and all the necessary documentation mentioned below is available to the respective NCB. Both NCBs and ECB do not confirm the eligibility of an asset prior to its issuance. </p> <p> Once the assessment procedure is completed, the marketable asset will be included in the list of eligible marketable assets provided it complies with the ECB’s eligibility criteria. </p> <p>If a marketable asset does not appear on the list of eligible marketable assets but you believe it should be there, please <a href="https://www.ecb.europa.eu/paym/coll/contacts/html/index.en.html">contact the NCB</a> of the country where the asset is admitted to trading on a regulated market or on an acceptable non-regulated market. To facilitate the assessment procedure, it might be helpful to provide the responsible NCB with the following information:<br></p> <ul> <li>rating letter from the credit rating agencies;</li> <li>rating agencies’ pre-sale reports (not their web pages); </li> <li>final offering circular for the transaction;</li> <li>ISIN code of the security; Reuters/Bloomberg page codes;</li> <li>confirmation of the form of the notes and the common safekeeper for international debt instruments issued through the international central securities depositories (ICSDs).<sup>(1)</sup></li> </ul> <p> <sup>(1)</sup> International debt instruments in global bearer form which are issued through the ICSDs (in practice, usually with XS ISIN codes) must be issued solely in the form of new global notes (NGNs). However, those in global registered form must be issued under the new safekeeping structure (NSS) for international debt instruments. Securities issued through national CSDs are not subject to NGN or NSS requirements. </p> <h2>Acceptable markets</h2> <p> One eligibility criterion for marketable assets is that the debt instrument must be admitted to trading on a regulated market as defined in the Directive 2004/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on markets in financial instruments, or traded on certain non-regulated markets specified by the ECB. </p> <h3>Regulated markets</h3> <p>The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) maintains a list of regulated markets which can be accessed under <a href="https://registers.esma.europa.eu/publication/searchRegister?core=esma_registers_upreg">registers.esma.europa.eu.</a></p> <h3>Non-regulated markets</h3> <p> The assessment of non-regulated markets is made by the Eurosystem and is based on three principles: safety, transparency, and accessibility. </p> <p> The three principles are defined by the Eurosystem exclusively in terms of the performance of the Eurosystem’s collateral management function. The selection process is not aimed at assessing the intrinsic quality of the various markets. </p> <ul> <li> Safety is taken to mean certainty with regard to transactions, in particular certainty on the validity and enforceability of transactions. </li> <li> Transparency is taken to mean unimpeded access to information on the market’s rules of procedure and operation, the financial features of the assets, the price formation mechanism, and the relevant prices and quantities (quotes, interest rates, trading volumes, outstanding amounts, etc.). </li> <li> Accessibility refers to the Eurosystem’s ability to take part in and have access to the market; a market is accessible for collateral management purposes if its rules of procedure and operation allow the Eurosystem to obtain information and conduct transactions when needed for these purposes. The current list of non-regulated markets which are deemed to comply with these three principles are listed in the table below. </li> </ul> </div> <div class="table"> <div class="header"> <div class="title"><p>Current list of non-regulated markets accepted by the ECB (updated: 11 April 2024)</p></div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Name of non-regulated market accepted by the ECB</th> <th>Code for the List of eligible marketable assets</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th>EU</th> <td>STEP market</td> <td>RMEU01</td> </tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Belgium</th> <td>The OTC market for Belgian Treasury Bills (BTB)</td> <td>RMBE05</td> </tr> <tr> <td>The OTC market for Belgian commercial papers</td> <td>RMBE06</td> </tr> <tr> <td>The OTC market for Belgian Strips</td> <td>RMBE07</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Euronext Growth Brussels</td> <td>RMBE10</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Germany</th> <td>The unofficial market (“Freiverkehr”) of a German exchange</td> <td>RMDE11</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Estonia</th> <td>The OTC market for Estonian Treasury Bills (ESTB)</td> <td>RMEE02</td> </tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">France</th> <td>Government securities markets (Bons du Trésor: BTF/OAT) </td> <td>RMFR03</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Negotiable European Commercial Paper NEU CP&nbsp;market</td> <td>RMFR04</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Negotiable European Medium-Term Notes (formerly BMTN) market</td> <td>RMFR05</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Euronext Growth Paris</td> <td>RMFR06</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Ireland</th> <td>Global Exchange Market (GEM)</td> <td>RMIE02</td> </tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Italy</th> <td>EuroTLX</td> <td>RMIT08</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SSO Bondvision</td> <td>RMIT09</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ExtraMOT</td> <td>RMIT10</td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>Vorvel</p></td> <td>RMIT11</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Lithuania</th> <td>First North Market</td> <td>RMLT02</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Luxembourg</th> <td>EuroMTF</td> <td>RMLU02</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Netherlands</th> <td>MTS Netherlands</td> <td>RMNL04</td> </tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">Austria</th> <td>Vienna MTF</td> <td>RMAT03</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Austrian Treasury Bill Market (ATB Programme)</td> <td>RMAT05</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Austrian Commercial Paper Market (ACP Programme)</td> <td>RMAT06</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Portugal</th> <td>Euronext Growth Lisbon</td> <td>RMPT08</td> </tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Slovenia</th> <td>MTS Slovenia</td> <td>RMSI02</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SI ENTER</td> <td>RMSI03</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Spain</th> <td>Mercado Alternativo de Renta Fija (MARF, Alternative Fixed-Income Market)</td> <td>RMES07</td> </tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">Finland</th> <td> The money market for treasury bills (Finnish Treasury Bill Programme) </td> <td>RMFI04</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MTS Finland</td> <td>RMFI05</td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>First North Finland</p></td> <td>RMFI08</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="section"> <h2>Recognised agencies</h2> </div> <div class="table"> <div class="header"> <div class="title"><p>Updated: 11 April 2024</p></div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Name of agency recognised by the ECB</th> <th>Compliance with quantitative criteria</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Action Logement Services (ALS)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ADIF-Alta Velocidad </td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Agence centrale des organismes de sécurité sociale (ACOSS)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Agence de Promotion Immobilière du Brabant wallon (APIBW)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Agence Française de Développement (AFD)</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Agence France Locale (AFL)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Agenzia nazionale per l’attrazione degli investimenti e lo sviluppo d’impresa S.p.A. (Invitalia)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Alliade Habitat</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Autobahnen- und Schnellstraßen-Finanzierungs-Aktiengesellschaft (ASFINAG)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Batigère</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BNG Bank N.V.</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bayerischen Landesbodenkreditanstalt (BayernLabo)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bpifrance Financement</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bremer Aufbau-Bank</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Caisse d'Amortissement de la dette sociale (CADES)</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Caisse des dépôts et consignations (CDC) </td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cassa del Trentino S.p.A.</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cassa Depositi e prestiti S.p.A. (CDP)</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Caisse Nationale des Autoroutes (CNA)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CDC Habitat</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Clairsienne</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Clesence</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Družba za avtoceste v Republiki Sloveniji, d.d. (DARS)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Finlombarda S.p.A.</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Finnvera PLC</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fondo de Amortización del Déficit Eléctrico, Fondo de Titulización de Activos (FADE)</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fonds Du Logement Des Familles Nombreuses De Wallonie Scrl (FLW)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fonds régional bruxellois de refinancement des trésoreries communales (FRTC)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Grand Delta Habitat</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Groupement des Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires (CHU) / Centres Hospitaliers Régionaux (CHR)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Halpades Societe Anonyme HLM</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Hamburgische Investitions- und Förderbank&nbsp;(IFB Hamburg)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Housing Finance Agency plc (HFA)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Île-de-France Mobilités (previously STIF)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Infrabel SA</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Infraestruturas de Portugal S.A. (IP)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IN'LI</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Instituto Catalán De Finanzas (ICF)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Instituto de Crédito Oficial (ICO)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Instituto de Finanzas de Cantabria (ICAF)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Investitions und Strukturbank Rheinland-Pfalz</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Investitionsbank Berlin (IBB)</td> <td><p>&nbsp;yes</p></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Investitionsbank des Landes Brandenburg (ILB)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Investitionsbank Schleswig-Holstein (IB.SH)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Investitionsbank Sachsen-Anhalt</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Attistibas finanšu institucija Altum</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW)</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Kuntarahoitus Oyj/ Municipality Finance PLC (MuniFin)</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Landesförderinstitut Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Landeskreditbank Baden-Württemberg - Förderbank &nbsp;(L-Bank)</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LfA Förderbank Bayern</td> <td>&nbsp;yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Maisons et cites Soginorpa</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Malta Development Bank</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NBank</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nederlandse Financierings-Maatschappij voor Ontwikkelingslanden N.V. (FMO)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nederlandse Waterschapsbank N.V. (NWB Bank)</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Néolia</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NRW.BANK</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ÖBB-Infrastruktur A.G.</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Oesterreichische Kontrollbank A.G. (OeKB)</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PARPÚBLICA - Participações Públicas S.A. (SGPS)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Saarländische Investitions-kreditbank AG</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sächsische Aufbaubank – Förderbank (SAB)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SFIL S.A.</td> <td>&nbsp;yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SID – Slovenska izvozna in razvojna banka, d.d., Ljubljana (SID banka)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Slovenská záručná a rozvojová banka, a.s. (SZRB)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Slovenski državni holding, d.d. (SDH)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SNCF Réseau</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Société du Grand Paris (SGP)</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Société wallonne du crédit social SA (SWCS)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Société Wallonne du Logement SA (SWL)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Thüringer Aufbaubank</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Työllisyysrahasto (previously Työttömyysvakuutusrahasto (TVR))</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>UAB Valstybės investicinis kapitalas (VIK)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Unédic</td> <td>yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Valloire Habitat</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Vilogia</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wirtschafts- und Infrastrukturbank Hessen (WIBank)</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td><p>Wohnbau Burgenland GmbH</p></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="section"> <h2>Recognised supranational issuers</h2> <p>Updated: 10 January 2020</p> <ul> <li>African Development Bank</li> <li>Asian Development Bank</li> <li>Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</li> <li>Bank for International Settlements</li> <li>Caribbean Development Bank</li> <li>Council of Europe Development Bank</li> <li>European Atomic Energy Community</li> <li>European Bank for Reconstruction and Development</li> <li>European Financial Stability Facility</li> <li>European Investment Bank</li> <li>European Investment Fund</li> <li>European Stability Mechanism</li> <li>European Union</li> <li>Inter-American Development Bank</li> <li>International Bank for Reconstruction and Development</li> <li>International Development Association</li> <li>International Finance Corporation</li> <li>International Finance Facility for Immunisation</li> <li>International Monetary Fund</li> <li>Islamic Development Bank</li> <li>Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency</li> <li>Nordic Investment Bank</li> </ul> </div> <div class="in-this-section" id="pages-in-section-holder"> <h3>All pages in this section</h3> <div class="content-box"> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div id="feedback" class="hidden"> <div class="content-box"> <div class="initial"> <div class="title">Are you happy with this page?</div> <a class="button -inverted-color" id="feedback-yes">Yes</a> <a class="button -inverted-color" id="feedback-no">No</a> </div> <div class="second hidden"> <div class="title">What made you unhappy?</div> <a class="button -inverted-color" id="feedback-broken">Page not working</a> <a class="button -inverted-color" id="feedback-content">Information not useful</a> <a class="button -inverted-color" id="feedback-design">Design not attractive</a> <a class="button -inverted-color" id="feedback-other">Something else</a> </div> <div class="final hidden"> <div class="title">Thank you for letting us know!</div> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="ecb-doc-footer"> <div class="ecb-footerTop"> <div class="sitemap"> <a href="/home/sitedir/html/index.en.html" title="Site Directory">Site directory</a> </div> <div class="socialLinks"> <a class="inline-link" href="/home/socialmedia/html/index.en.html" title="Official social media channels">FOLLOW US</a> <a href="http://twitter.com/ecb" class="twitter" title="X"></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/european-central-bank" class="linkedin" title="LinkedIn"></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/europeancentralbank/" class="instagram" title="Instagram"></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ecbeuro" class="youtube" title="YouTube"></a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/europeancentralbank/sets/" class="flickr" title="Flickr"></a> <a href="https://soundcloud.com/europeancentralbank" class="soundcloud" title="Soundcloud"></a> <a href="/rss" class="rss" title="RSS news feeds"></a> </div> </div><div class="ecb-footerBottom"> <p><span>Copyright 2025, </span>European Central Bank</p> <div class="ecb-serviceNavigation"> <div class="ecb-serviceNavigationBox"> <div class="ecb-serviceNavigationBoxTitle">Useful links</div> <div class="ecb-serviceNavigationBoxLinks"> <ul> <li><a href="/careers/vacancies/html/index.en.html">Work with us</a></li> <li><a href="/services/glossary/html/index.en.html">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/services/links/html/index.en.html">Other institutions</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ecb-serviceNavigationBox"> <div class="ecb-serviceNavigationBoxTitle">Using our site</div> <div class="ecb-serviceNavigationBoxLinks"> <ul> <li><a href="/services/disclaimer/html/index.en.html">Disclaimer &amp; 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