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id="toc-Sign-off/closedown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sign-off/closedown_sequence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sign-off/closedown_sequence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sign-off/closedown sequence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sign-off/closedown_sequence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_acknowledgements_during_sign-on_and_sign-off" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_acknowledgements_during_sign-on_and_sign-off"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religious acknowledgements during sign-on and sign-off</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_acknowledgements_during_sign-on_and_sign-off-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_sign-on/off_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_sign-on/off_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Special sign-on/off cases</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Special_sign-on/off_cases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Special sign-on/off cases subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Special_sign-on/off_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Historical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medium-wave_AM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medium-wave_AM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Medium-wave AM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medium-wave_AM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Religious</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.5</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_historical_exceptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_historical_exceptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.5.1</span> <span>Notable historical exceptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_historical_exceptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%ED%8C%8C_(%EB%B0%A9%EC%86%A1)" title="정파 (방송) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정파 (방송)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign-on_dan_sign-off" title="Sign-on dan sign-off – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sign-on dan sign-off" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zendersluiting" title="Zendersluiting – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zendersluiting" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign-on">Sign-on</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Beginning and ending of operations for a radio or television station</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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.compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sign-on_and_sign-off" title="Special:EditPage/Sign-on and sign-off">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sign-on_and_sign-off" title="Talk:Sign-on and sign-off">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sign-on_and_sign-off" title="Special:EditPage/Sign-on and sign-off">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Sign-on+and+sign-off%22">"Sign-on and sign-off"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Sign-on+and+sign-off%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Sign-on+and+sign-off%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Sign-on+and+sign-off%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sign-on+and+sign-off%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sign-on+and+sign-off%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreliable_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-unreliable_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Some of this article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">listed sources</a> <b>may not be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Overly_detailed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-overly_detailed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may contain an excessive amount of intricate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DETAIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DETAIL">detail</a> that may interest only a particular audience</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_forking#Article_spinoffs:_.22Summary_style.22_meta-articles_and_summary_sections" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Content forking">spinning off</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Handling_trivia#Recommendations_for_handling_trivia" title="Wikipedia:Handling trivia">relocating</a> any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia's inclusion policy</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="5" data-mwtitle="ARD_signoff_voiceover.ogg" data-mwprovider="local" resource="/wiki/File:ARD_signoff_voiceover.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3f/ARD_signoff_voiceover.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/3/3f/ARD_signoff_voiceover.ogg/ARD_signoff_voiceover.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AARD_signoff_voiceover.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AARD_signoff_voiceover.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption>The closing announcement of <a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> as heard in 1993 (in German).</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>sign-on</b> (or <b>start-up</b> in Commonwealth countries except Canada) is the beginning of operations for a <a href="/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">radio</a> or <a href="/wiki/Television_station" title="Television station">television station</a>, generally at the start of each day. It is the opposite of a <b>sign-off</b> (or <b>closedown</b> in Commonwealth countries except Canada), which is the sequence of operations involved when a <a href="/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">radio</a> or <a href="/wiki/Television_station" title="Television station">television station</a> shuts down its <a href="/wiki/Transmitter" title="Transmitter">transmitters</a> and goes off the air for a predetermined period; generally, this occurs during the overnight hours although a broadcaster's digital specialty or sub-channels may sign-on and sign-off at significantly different times than its main channels. </p><p>Like other <a href="/wiki/Television_show" title="Television show">television programming</a>, sign-on and sign-off sequences can be initiated by a <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_automation" title="Broadcast automation">broadcast automation</a> system, and <a href="/wiki/Automatic_transmission_system" title="Automatic transmission system">automatic transmission systems</a> can turn the carrier signal and transmitter on/off by <a href="/wiki/Remote_control" title="Remote control">remote control</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sign-on and sign-off sequences have become less common due to the increasing prevalence of <a href="/wiki/24/7_service" title="24/7 service">24/7</a> broadcasting. However, some <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">national broadcasters</a> continue the practice; particularly those in countries with limited broadcast coverage. Stations may also sometimes close for transmitter maintenance, or to allow another station to broadcast on the same channel space.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sign-on/start-up"><span id="Sign-on.2Fstart-up"></span>Sign-on/start-up</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sign-on/start-up"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sign-ons, like sign-offs, vary from country to country, from station to station, and from time to time; however, most follow a similar general pattern. It is common for sign-ons to be followed by a network's early morning <a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">newscast</a>, or their <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_television" title="Breakfast television">morning or breakfast show</a>. </p><p>Some broadcasters that have ceased signing on and signing off in favour of 24-hour broadcasting may perform a sign-on sequence at a certain time in the morning (usually between 4:00 and 7:00 a.m.) as a formality to signify the start of its operating day (in the United States, the broadcast logging day begins at 6:00 a.m. local time).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sign-on/start-up_sequence"><span id="Sign-on.2Fstart-up_sequence"></span>Sign-on/start-up sequence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sign-on/start-up sequence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sign-on sequence may include some or all of the following stages, but not necessarily in this order: </p> <ul><li>For television or radio stations that cut off their signal during off-broadcast hours, a <a href="/wiki/Test_card" title="Test card">test pattern</a> or a static image accompanied by a 400 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a> tone, a 1 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">kHz</a> tone (or other single-sine-wave tones) or music may be broadcast fifteen to twenty minutes before the actual sign-on. Digital channels may still run overnight programs or interstitials at this time (<i><a href="/wiki/ITV_Nightscreen" title="ITV Nightscreen">ITV Nightscreen</a></i> in the United Kingdom being an example), which conclude when the station's main programming schedule begins.</li> <li>A signal to turn on remote <a href="/wiki/Transmitter" title="Transmitter">transmitters</a> may be played—this is usually a series of <a href="/wiki/DTMF" class="mw-redirect" title="DTMF">touch tones</a>.</li> <li>On radio stations, especially international stations on <a href="/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">shortwave</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Interval_signal" title="Interval signal">interval signal</a> may be played in a loop, usually for 3 to 5 minutes before the actual broadcast starts.</li> <li>Technical information is provided. This can include <a href="/wiki/Station_identification" title="Station identification">station identification</a> (<a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">call sign</a> and <a href="/wiki/City_of_license" title="City of license">city of license</a>), <a href="/wiki/Transmitter_power_output" title="Transmitter power output">transmitter power</a>, frequency or channel number, <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_relay_station" title="Broadcast relay station">translators</a> used, transmitter locations, list of broadcast engineers, and/or <a href="/wiki/Studio_transmitter_link" title="Studio transmitter link">studio/transmitter links (STL)</a>.</li> <li>A television station may show a video and photo <a href="/wiki/Montage_(filmmaking)" title="Montage (filmmaking)">montage</a> set to the <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a> or other patriotic piece of music. The accompanying television video may include images of the <a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">national flag</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">national heroes</a>, national <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> soldiers, <a href="/wiki/National_symbol" title="National symbol">national symbols</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalistic</a> imagery (especially on <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">state-owned</a> broadcasters), or simply the station <a href="/wiki/Station_identification" title="Station identification">ident</a>. In the case of television stations broadcasting to audiences <a href="/wiki/Border_blaster" title="Border blaster">in more than one country</a>, the flags and national symbols of each country in turn may be shown, with its respective national anthem being played.</li> <li>Ownership information about the station, and a list of related organizations.</li> <li>A video of people singing an opening song, or opening dance performance to start the day.</li> <li>A greeting to viewers or listeners.</li> <li>Contact information, such as street and mailing addresses, telephone number, email, and website details.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religious</a> acknowledgement, particularly in countries with a <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracies</a>, and on <a href="/wiki/Religious_broadcasting" title="Religious broadcasting">religious broadcasters</a>.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">schedule</a> for the upcoming programs, or the day's programs.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Disclaimer" title="Disclaimer">disclaimer</a> that station programming is taped, aired live, or originates from a <a href="/wiki/Television_broadcaster" title="Television broadcaster">television</a> or <a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">radio network</a>.</li> <li>Another disclaimer that programs are for personal use only (sometimes with information on <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> restrictions), and a statement that businesses cannot profit from showing them by applying a <a href="/wiki/Cover_charge" title="Cover charge">cover charge</a> for viewing.</li> <li>A statement of commitment to quality; this may be in the form of a recognized standard, such as the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>' Broadcast Code of the <a href="/wiki/Kapisanan_ng_mga_Brodkaster_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas">Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas</a> <i>(Association of Broadcasters of the Philippines).</i></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Station_identification" title="Station identification">station identification</a>, including some or all of the <a href="/wiki/Television_channel" title="Television channel">television channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" title="Amplitude modulation">AM</a> or <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a> <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">call sign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">branding</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Clock_ident" title="Clock ident">clock ident</a>.</li> <li>Generally a station <a href="/wiki/Jingle" title="Jingle">jingle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Slogan" title="Slogan">slogan</a> will be played, accompanied on television with <a href="/wiki/Video_clips" class="mw-redirect" title="Video clips">video clips</a> featuring station programming or personalities. The Start-Up/Sign-On Notice is announced after the national anthem.</li></ul> <p>While most of these sign-on steps are done as a service to the public, or for advertising reasons, some of them may be required by the government of the country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sign-off/closedown"><span id="Sign-off.2Fclosedown"></span>Sign-off/closedown</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sign-off/closedown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sign-offs, like sign-ons, vary from country to country, from station to station, and from time to time; however, most follow a similar general pattern. Many stations follow the reverse process to their sign-on sequence at the start of the day. </p><p>Many stations, while no longer conducting a sign-off and being off air for a period of time each day, instead run low-cost programming during those times of low viewer numbers. This may include <a href="/wiki/Infomercial" title="Infomercial">infomercials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">movies</a>, television show reruns, simple <a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">weather forecasts</a>, low cost news or <a href="/wiki/Infotainment" title="Infotainment">infotainment</a> programming from other suppliers, simulcasts of sister services, or feeds of local <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable TV</a> companies' programming via a <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">fiber optic</a> line to the <a href="/wiki/Cable_television_headend" title="Cable television headend">cable headend</a>. Other broadcasters that are part of a <a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">radio</a> or <a href="/wiki/Television_broadcaster" title="Television broadcaster">television network</a> may run an unedited feed of the network's overnight programming from a central location, without local <a href="/wiki/Television_advertisement" title="Television advertisement">advertising</a>. During what are otherwise closedown hours, some channels may also simulcast their teletext pages or full page headlines with music or feeds from sister radio stations playing in the background. Some stations, after doing a sign-off, nonetheless continue to transmit throughout the off-air period on cable/satellite; this transmission may involve a <a href="/wiki/Test_card" title="Test card">test pattern</a>, static image, local <a href="/wiki/Weather_radar" title="Weather radar">weather radar</a> display, teletext pages or full-page headlines which was accompanied by music or a local <a href="/wiki/Weather_radio" title="Weather radio">weather radio</a> service. </p><p>Some broadcasters that have ceased signing on and signing off in favour of 24-hour broadcasting may perform a sign-off sequence at a certain time in the night (usually between 10:00 p.m. and 1:00 a.m.) as a formality to signify the end of its operating day (in the United States, the broadcast logging day ends at 12:00 midnight local time). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sign-off/closedown_sequence"><span id="Sign-off.2Fclosedown_sequence"></span>Sign-off/closedown sequence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sign-off/closedown sequence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Confusing plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-confusing" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">confusing or unclear</a> to readers</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarify the section</a>. There might be a discussion about this on <a href="/wiki/Talk:Sign-on_and_sign-off" title="Talk:Sign-on and sign-off">the talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RCA_Indian_Head_Test_Pattern.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/RCA_Indian_Head_Test_Pattern.svg/220px-RCA_Indian_Head_Test_Pattern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/RCA_Indian_Head_Test_Pattern.svg/330px-RCA_Indian_Head_Test_Pattern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/RCA_Indian_Head_Test_Pattern.svg/440px-RCA_Indian_Head_Test_Pattern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian-head_test_pattern" title="Indian-head test pattern">Indian-head test pattern</a> used in North America</figcaption></figure> <p>The sign-off sequence may include some or all of the following stages, but not necessarily in this order: </p> <ul><li>An announcement informing viewers that the station is about to go off-air: it may also include a message of thanks for the viewer's patronage, along with an announcement of the time when the station is scheduled to sign on again.</li> <li>A station <a href="/wiki/Jingle" title="Jingle">jingle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Slogan" title="Slogan">slogan</a> may be played, accompanied on television with <a href="/wiki/Video_clip" title="Video clip">video clips</a> featuring station programming or personalities,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or perhaps stock scenes from the station's main city/cities. A series of program <a href="/wiki/Trailer_(promotion)" title="Trailer (promotion)">trailers</a> may also be played.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">hymn</a>, or other <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religious</a> acknowledgement, particularly in countries with a <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a> or <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracies</a>, and on <a href="/wiki/Religious_broadcasting" title="Religious broadcasting">religious broadcasters</a>. Other channels may opt for a pre-taped <a href="/wiki/Sermonette" title="Sermonette">sermonette</a> or something similar. See section below.</li> <li>A short <a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">newscast</a> and weather forecast.<sup id="cite_ref-wbck-20190322_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbck-20190322-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stations also show <a href="/wiki/Public_service_announcement" title="Public service announcement">PSAs</a> through <a href="/wiki/Ad_Council" title="Ad Council">Ad Council</a> or any organizations, for instance; some channels in the United Kingdom also used to include a <a href="/wiki/Public_information_film" title="Public information film">public information film</a>. Meanwhile, in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, it is common for a brief news reel to be broadcast over the station's logo, often accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Public_service_announcement" title="Public service announcement">public service</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missing_person" title="Missing person">missing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Most_wanted_list" title="Most wanted list">most wanted persons</a> announcements.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Clock_ident" title="Clock ident">clock ident</a>, which can be silent, play music or feature an announcer.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">program guide</a> for the following day's programs.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closing_credits" title="Closing credits">Closing credits</a> acknowledging announcers, technicians and other crew who operated the day's broadcast.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ownership information about the station and their parent company, as well as their contact information, such as street and mailing addresses, telephone or fax number, zip code, e-mail, and website details.<sup id="cite_ref-wbck-20190322_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbck-20190322-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A video of people singing a closing song, or closing dance performance to end the day's broadcast.</li> <li>A disclaimer that programs are for personal use only (sometimes with information on <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> restrictions), and a statement that businesses cannot profit from showing them by applying a <a href="/wiki/Cover_charge" title="Cover charge">cover charge</a> for viewing.</li> <li>A disclaimer that station programming may be taped, aired live, or originates from another television or radio network.</li> <li>Technical information provided, such as the <a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">call sign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transmitter_power_output" title="Transmitter power output">transmitter power</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_relay_station" title="Broadcast relay station">translators</a> used, transmitter locations, a list of broadcast <a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">engineers</a> (in the Philippines only), and <a href="/wiki/Studio_transmitter_link" title="Studio transmitter link">studio/transmitter links (STL)</a>.</li> <li>The viewer may be encouraged to view or listen to alternative services during the station's downtime; these are usually sister or affiliate stations.</li> <li>A statement of commitment to quality, usually in the form of a recognized standard: in the Philippines, it is usually the Broadcast Code of the <a href="/wiki/Kapisanan_ng_mga_Brodkaster_ng_Pilipinas" title="Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas">Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas</a> <i>(Association of Broadcasters of the Philippines)</i>, while in the United States, it was (until 1983) the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Practices_for_Television_Broadcasters" title="Code of Practices for Television Broadcasters">Television Code</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Broadcasters">National Association of Broadcasters</a>. Same as the start-up, the closedown/sign-off notice is shown before the <a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">National Anthem</a>.</li> <li>A television station may show a video and photo <a href="/wiki/Montage_(filmmaking)" title="Montage (filmmaking)">montage</a> set to the <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a> or other patriotic piece of music. The accompanying television video may include images of the <a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">national flag</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">national heroes</a>, national <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> soldiers, <a href="/wiki/National_symbol" title="National symbol">national symbols</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalistic</a> imagery (especially on <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">state-owned</a> broadcasters,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but sometimes on privately-owned ones too), or simply the station <a href="/wiki/Station_identification" title="Station identification">ident</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wbck-20190322_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbck-20190322-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the case of television stations broadcasting to audiences <a href="/wiki/Border_blaster" title="Border blaster">in more than one country</a>, the flags and national symbols of each country in turn may be shown, with its respective national anthem being played.</li> <li>Stations in the <a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_German_speakers" title="Geographical distribution of German speakers">German-speaking parts of Europe (DACH)</a> would use a slide with the station logo and the word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sendeschluss" class="extiw" title="wikt:Sendeschluss">Sendeschluss</a></i> (in Germany and Austria also alternatively spelt <i>Sendeschluß</i> with an <a href="/wiki/Eszett" class="mw-redirect" title="Eszett">eszett</a>, meaning "shutdown"), shown prior to the test card (as opposed to before the signal being cut) to tell the viewer to switch off their sets. This practice ceased around 1994–96.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The station may display some type of novelty item, such as an animated character, particular to that station or its locale.</li> <li>Viewers may be reminded to turn off their television sets just prior to the transmitter being switched off. This was historically practised in the United Kingdom, German-speaking Europe<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in many parts of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>, and is still in regular practice in some places like <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and some areas of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Sometimes, a loud tone may be played on the audio to encourage sleeping viewers to turn their television sets off, in order to prevent electricity wastage and to mitigate the risk of fire and/or explosions occurring in older TV sets.</li> <li>On channels intended for young children, a short video may be shown of the channel's characters or hosts going to bed, before showing a loop of them sleeping throughout the night until programming resumes the following morning.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Finally, stations may show a <a href="/wiki/Test_card" title="Test card">test card</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wbck-20190322_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbck-20190322-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> station logo, a loop of the station ident, a black screen, or a static schedule (telling viewers of the programming line-up once broadcasting resumes), usually with a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monotone" class="extiw" title="wikt:monotone">monotone</a> sound or a relay of a radio station: some stations may show a sequence of teletext pages, while others may use a promotional video or a series of <a href="/wiki/Infomercial" title="Infomercial">infomercials</a>. Other stations may simply cut off the signal, usually by sending a series of <a href="/wiki/DTMF" class="mw-redirect" title="DTMF">touch tones</a> to turn off remote <a href="/wiki/Transmitter" title="Transmitter">transmitters</a>, which resulted in <a href="/wiki/White_noise" title="White noise">static</a> on an <a href="/wiki/Analog_television" title="Analog television">analog television</a> signal. Others may switch to a 24-hour channel or show archived programming.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Some countries have a legal protocol for signing-off: in the United States, the minimum requirement is the station's <a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">call sign</a>, followed by its designated <a href="/wiki/City_of_license" title="City of license">city of license</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many stations do include other protocols, such as the national anthem or transmitter information, as a custom, or as a service to the public. </p><p>In the United Kingdom, before the introduction of 24-hour television, there was no known legal protocol for a sign-off: <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> and many <a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">ITV regions</a> customarily included a continuity announcement, clock and the country's <a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">national anthem</a> (for <a href="/wiki/BBC_One_Wales" title="BBC One Wales">BBC One Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Wales_%26_West" title="ITV Wales & West">HTV Wales</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hen_Wlad_Fy_Nhadau" title="Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau">Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau</a></i> was also played beforehand), while <a href="/wiki/ITV_Granada" title="ITV Granada">Granada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> signed-off with just an announcement, clock and ident, and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITV_Yorkshire" title="ITV Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Border" title="ITV Border">Border</a> closed down with an announcement over their station clock. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, it is a custom to play the <a href="/wiki/Deutschlandlied" title="Deutschlandlied">national anthem</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Rundfunk" title="Bayerischer Rundfunk">Bayerischer Rundfunk</a> and stations owned by <a href="/wiki/ProSiebenSat.1_Media" title="ProSiebenSat.1 Media">ProSiebenSat.1 Media</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Bayernhymne" title="Bayernhymne">Bayernhymne</a></i> was also played beforehand) and the <a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_Europe" title="Anthem of Europe">European Union anthem</a>. ARD started playing the national anthem at closedown on May 23, 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, it is a custom to play the <a href="/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real">national anthem</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Radio_y_Televisi%C3%B3n_de_Andaluc%C3%ADa" title="Radio y Televisión de Andalucía">RTVA</a>, <a href="/wiki/EITB" title="EITB">EITB</a> and <a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_de_Galicia" title="Televisión de Galicia">Televisión de Galicia</a>, the respective anthems of their <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous communities</a> would also be played beforehand). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_acknowledgements_during_sign-on_and_sign-off">Religious acknowledgements during sign-on and sign-off</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religious acknowledgements during sign-on and sign-off"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Country</b> </th> <th><b>Religious acknowledgement</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </td> <td>Christian blessing<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> </td> <td>Christian hymn </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td>Christian hymn </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td>Bible reading, responsorial psalm or Christian prayer </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </td> <td>Quran, Bhagvad Gita, Tripitaka or Bible reading </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados"><img alt="Barbados" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> </td> <td>Christian hymn </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan"><img alt="Bhutan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> </td> <td>Buddhist hymn<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia"><img alt="Bolivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td>Christian sermonette or prayer<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>Christian programme </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia"><img alt="Cambodia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> </td> <td>Buddhist quote or inspirational message </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>Christian sermonette or prayer<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (English-language channels) or responsorial psalm (French-language channels) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </td> <td>Bible reading or Christian prayer </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>Responsorial psalm </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>Bible reading, responsorial psalm or Christian prayer </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td>Christian prayer<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada"><img alt="Grenada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> </td> <td>Christian hymn </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td>Christian prayer<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psuko_Shel_Yom" title="Psuko Shel Yom">Psuko Shel Yom</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img alt="Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td>Bible reading </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><img alt="Kuwait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives"><img alt="Maldives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> </td> <td>Quran reading </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </td> <td>Buddhist quote<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td> <td>Hindu song or inspirational message<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td>Christian prayer<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td>Catholic prayer<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td>Responsorial psalm and Alleluia (either both or only the psalm) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td>Bible reading </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia"><img alt="Saint Lucia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> </td> <td>Christian hymn </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><img alt="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td> <td>Christian prayer </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td>Christian prayer and/or sermonette </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>Bible reading </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </td> <td>Buddhist prayer<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Hindu prayer </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </td> <td>Quran reading </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td>Buddhist quote or inspirational message<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago"><img alt="Trinidad and Tobago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/40px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/60px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> </td> <td>Christian prayer<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Epilogue" title="The Epilogue">The Epilogue</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>Christian or Jewish prayer, sermonette or inspirational message<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara"><img alt="Western Sahara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </td> <td>Quran reading<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_sign-on/off_cases"><span id="Special_sign-on.2Foff_cases"></span>Special sign-on/off cases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Special sign-on/off cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Historical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a number of countries closedowns formerly took place during the daytime as well as overnight. In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, this was initially due to government-imposed restrictions on daytime broadcasting hours, and later, due to budgetary constraints. The eventual relaxation of these rules meant that afternoon closedowns ceased permanently on the <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> network in October 1972, but the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> maintained the practice until Friday 24 October 1986, before commencing a full daytime service on the following Monday. Afternoon closedowns continued in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> until December 2005. Hong Kong's broadcasting networks (particularly the English-speaking channels) also practiced this until mid-2008. In these cases, the station's transmitters later did not actually shut-down for the afternoon break; either a test-card was played or a static schedule was posted telling viewers of the programming line-up once broadcasting resumes. </p><p>In Indonesia, restrictions on broadcast hours were also implemented in July 2005 as part of an energy saving campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three years later, they were implemented again due to the electricity crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medium-wave_AM">Medium-wave AM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Medium-wave AM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Clear-channel_station" title="Clear-channel station">Clear-channel station</a></div> <p>Medium wave radio is a special case due to its unusual propagation characteristics; it can bounce hundreds of miles by reflecting from the upper atmosphere at night, but during the day these same layers absorb signal instead of reflecting. A few powerful regional <a href="/wiki/Clear-channel_station" title="Clear-channel station">clear-channel stations</a> have an extensive secondary coverage area which is protected by having smaller local <a href="/wiki/Co-channel_interference" title="Co-channel interference">co-channel</a> stations in distant communities sign off shortly before sunset. A frequency on which a broadcaster has to drastically reduce power or sign off entirely at sunset was traditionally the least desirable assignment, which would usually go to small or new-entrant stations when all of the more favourable slots were already allocated. </p><p>These <a href="/wiki/Clear-channel_station" title="Clear-channel station">AM daytimers</a> are becoming less common as stations (and audiences) migrate to FM or to frequencies vacated by the closure of other stations, but a handful still exist in the US and México. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious">Religious</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Religious"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During religious holidays or occasions, <a href="/wiki/Doordarshan" title="Doordarshan">Doordarshan</a> and <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">Akashvani</a> will broadcast a prayer of any religion through the day, a week or a month (e.g. During <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>, a reading from the Quran, a Muslim quote, or a call for Azan and Fajr prayer will be broadcast. During <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>, a Christian prayer, a hymn or a psalm will be broadcast). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Bali during <a href="/wiki/Nyepi" title="Nyepi">Nyepi</a>, all terrestrial television and radio stations go off-the-air. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israel">Israel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a>, virtually all radio and television stations based in Israel go silent for 24 hours, as required by law. However, most international networks (e.g. <a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN</a>) continue to broadcast as usual.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysian</a> public broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">RTM</a> operated <a href="/wiki/TV1_(Malaysian_TV_network)" title="TV1 (Malaysian TV network)">TV1</a> 24 hours a day instead of signing off. In 2012, TV1 broadcast 24 hours a day during the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">London Olympics in 2012</a>, due to the time difference.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would become permanent in August 2012, to coincide with their sister channel <a href="/wiki/TV2_(Malaysian_TV_network)" title="TV2 (Malaysian TV network)">TV2</a> by showing reruns from the broadcaster's archive library and movies on early mornings before start-up. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philippines">Philippines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_the_Philippines" title="Holy Week in the Philippines">Holy Week in the Philippines</a> that occurs anywhere between the last week of March to the third week of April (depending on the Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">liturgical calendar</a>), terrestrial television and radio stations continue their regular schedules from <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a> until <a href="/wiki/Holy_Wednesday" title="Holy Wednesday">Holy Wednesday</a>. From the midnight of <a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> until the early hours of <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a> (before 4 AM <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Standard_Time" title="Philippine Standard Time">PHT</a>), most commercial television and radio networks either remain off-the-air or reduce their broadcast hours. Stations that opt to remain on-air provide special programming such as Lenten drama specials, news coverage of various services and rites, <a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary_music" title="Adult contemporary music">mellow</a> music content. Member stations of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Media_Network" title="Catholic Media Network">Catholic Media Network</a> prominently follow the latter pattern, broadcasting <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a> services and other similar programming.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Campus_radio" title="Campus radio">Campus radio stations</a>' operations during this time are left to the discretion of their respective schools, colleges, or universities by either closing down on the afternoon and/or evening of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Wednesday" title="Holy Wednesday">Holy Wednesday</a> or remaining off-air for the entire Holy Week. </p><p>On cable, satellite, and live TV streaming, with the exception of specialty channels that broadcast <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cockfighting" title="Cockfighting">cockfighting</a>, and the like that remain dormant during this period, most international networks distributed in the Philippines or Philippine-exclusive cable channels either continue to broadcast their 24/7 regular programming service week-long or provide specially-arranged schedules from Holy Thursday to Black Saturday. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Notable_historical_exceptions">Notable historical exceptions</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notable historical exceptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>2015</b> - when <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Maysak_(2015)" title="Typhoon Maysak (2015)">Typhoon Maysak</a> (Chedeng) struck <a href="/wiki/Aurora_(province)" title="Aurora (province)">Aurora</a>, some radio and television stations that were supposed to sign-off during the Triduum before the typhoon's landfall in the Philippines, aired news updates related to the typhoon.</li> <li><b>2020</b> - during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon" title="Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon">enhanced community quarantine in Luzon</a>, government-controlled television and radio stations abandoned signing-off during the <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a>, while the daily <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Philippines)" title="Department of Health (Philippines)">#LagingHanda press briefings</a> conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Communications_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Communications Group">Presidential Communications Operations Office</a> augmented its broadcast operations. On commercial radio and television stations, news updates related to the pandemic were broadcast alongside special programming.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceefax" title="Ceefax">Ceefax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_(broadcasting)" title="Dark (broadcasting)">Dark (broadcasting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television transition in the United States">Digital television transition in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goodnight_Kiwi" title="Goodnight Kiwi">Goodnight Kiwi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian-head_test_pattern" title="Indian-head test pattern">Indian-head test pattern</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ITV_Nightscreen" title="ITV Nightscreen">ITV Nightscreen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-term_Analog_Flash_and_Emergency_Readiness_Act" title="Short-term Analog Flash and Emergency Readiness Act">Short-term Analog Flash and Emergency Readiness Act</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Gazers" title="Star Gazers">Star Gazers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_closedown_routines_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television closedown routines in the United Kingdom">Television closedown routines in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_Card_F" title="Test Card F">Test Card F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVARK" title="TVARK">TVARK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turner_Doomsday_Video" title="Turner Doomsday Video">Turner Doomsday Video</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conversely, <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_automation" title="Broadcast automation">broadcast automation</a> has greatly reduced the number of sign-offs, as the local operator can hand off control to a commonly-owned regional station and leave their automated systems to run <a href="/wiki/Graveyard_slot" title="Graveyard slot">graveyard slot</a> infomercials or pass unedited network feeds through with little more than a pause for automated <a href="/wiki/Station_identification" title="Station identification">station identification</a>. A few may even use "we're always on" as a selling point, although it is becoming the rule rather than the exception.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An example of this is the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a>/<a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>'s <a href="/wiki/%C4%8CT_art" title="ČT art">ČT art</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C4%8CT_D%C3%A9%C4%8Dko" title="ČT Déčko">ČT Déčko</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Standard practice tends to vary between countries. Canadian stations tend to leave a test card up after sign-off. US stations most often drop carrier signals entirely after sign-off to conserve energy. Finnish stations and some Japanese stations would leave a grey screen for approximately 1 minute after sign-off before cutting signal entirely.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=niIcD4ijjqA"><i>institucional snt</i></a>, 21 June 2014, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220913202253/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=niIcD4ijjqA">archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-13<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-13</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=institucional+snt&rft.date=2014-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DniIcD4ijjqA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wbck-20190322-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wbck-20190322_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wbck-20190322_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wbck-20190322_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wbck-20190322_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames2019" class="citation web cs1">James, Brandon (22 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wbckfm.com/old-michigan-television-sign-offs/">"Watch These Old West Michigan Television Sign-offs Before You Go To Bed"</a>. <i>WBCK</i>. Battle Creek: Townsquare Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403162922/https://wbckfm.com/old-michigan-television-sign-offs/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WBCK&rft.atitle=Watch+These+Old+West+Michigan+Television+Sign-offs+Before+You+Go+To+Bed&rft.date=2019-03-22&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwbckfm.com%2Fold-michigan-television-sign-offs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAcrRmKAq38"><i>ITV Nightscreen - Friday 19th March 2021</i></a>, 19 March 2021, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220626181647/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAcrRmKAq38">archived</a> from the original on 2022-06-26<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-26</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ITV+Nightscreen+-+Friday+19th+March+2021&rft.date=2021-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DmAcrRmKAq38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyiFHeYrrsk"><i>Sign off WBIS NYC 1997</i></a>, 19 February 2007, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205150015/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyiFHeYrrsk">archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-26</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sign+off+WBIS+NYC+1997&rft.date=2007-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DMyiFHeYrrsk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjURZEG7NRc"><i>CCTV-7 (China) Sign-off (00:45 BST - 17/05/2020)</i></a>, 16 May 2020, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220626183510/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjURZEG7NRc&gl=US&hl=en">archived</a> from the original on 2022-06-26<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-26</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CCTV-7+%28China%29+Sign-off+%2800%3A45+BST+-+17%2F05%2F2020%29&rft.date=2020-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DOjURZEG7NRc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.ard.de/ard-chronik/index/3466?year=1995&month=9">"Chronik der ARD | Das Erste rund um die Uhr"</a>. <i>web.ard.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705001132/http://web.ard.de/ard-chronik/index/3466?year=1995&month=9">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.ard.de&rft.atitle=Chronik+der+ARD+%7C+Das+Erste+rund+um+die+Uhr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.ard.de%2Fard-chronik%2Findex%2F3466%3Fyear%3D1995%26month%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.ard.de/ard-chronik/index/3466?year=1995&month=9">"Chronik der ARD | Das Erste rund um die Uhr"</a>. <i>web.ard.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705001132/http://web.ard.de/ard-chronik/index/3466?year=1995&month=9">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.ard.de&rft.atitle=Chronik+der+ARD+%7C+Das+Erste+rund+um+die+Uhr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.ard.de%2Fard-chronik%2Findex%2F3466%3Fyear%3D1995%26month%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOAs8AWMqjY"><i>Disney Junior Nordic Close Down and Sleeping Night Loop 2017</i></a>. VGX / TVHolidays. 20 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113172932/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOAs8AWMqjY&gl=US&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Disney+Junior+Nordic+Close+Down+and+Sleeping+Night+Loop+2017&rft.pub=VGX+%2F+TVHolidays&rft.date=2017-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DtOAs8AWMqjY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcg5_IYQ9aQ"><i>DR Ramasjang godnat (2016)</i></a>. TelevisionIdents. 28 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210522054844/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcg5_IYQ9aQ">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DR+Ramasjang+godnat+%282016%29&rft.pub=TelevisionIdents&rft.date=2016-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dzcg5_IYQ9aQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title47-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title47-vol4-sec73-1201.pdf">"47 CFR 73.1201 (a)(2)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160629130614/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title47-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title47-vol4-sec73-1201.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=47+CFR+73.1201+%28a%29%282%29&rft.pub=Federal+Communications+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FCFR-2010-title47-vol4%2Fpdf%2FCFR-2010-title47-vol4-sec73-1201.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.ard.de/ard-chronik/index/542?year=1985&month=5">"Chronik der ARD | Das Erste Deutsche Fernsehen führt Ausstrahlung der Nationalhymne zum Sendeschluss ein"</a>. <i>web.ard.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.ard.de&rft.atitle=Chronik+der+ARD+%7C+Das+Erste+Deutsche+Fernsehen+f%C3%BChrt+Ausstrahlung+der+Nationalhymne+zum+Sendeschluss+ein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.ard.de%2Fard-chronik%2Findex%2F542%3Fyear%3D1985%26month%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbCd8NoiUf8"><i>Hymne national algérien (Archive Algerian TV 1996)</i></a>. Baboul. 8 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210107162116/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbCd8NoiUf8">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hymne+national+alg%C3%A9rien+%28Archive+Algerian+TV+1996%29&rft.pub=Baboul&rft.date=2015-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DwbCd8NoiUf8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716035727/http://www.intervalsignals.net/Files/arm-public_radio_domestic_290908.m3u"><i>Armenian Public Radio start-up</i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intervalsignals.net/Files/arm-public_radio_domestic_290908.m3u">the original</a> on 2020-07-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Armenian+Public+Radio+start-up&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intervalsignals.net%2FFiles%2Farm-public_radio_domestic_290908.m3u&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=jBUyb7Lrjo4">"Bhuthan Broadcasting Service (BBS) FULL BROADCAST"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 23 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220427105715/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBUyb7Lrjo4&gl=US&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Bhuthan+Broadcasting+Service+%28BBS%29+FULL+BROADCAST&rft.date=2022-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyoutube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DjBUyb7Lrjo4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EycV1gCAWsA"><i>TV-DX TVB Internacional Bolivia, opening and breakfast TV 27.03.2001</i></a>. EifelDX. 15 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200907185722/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EycV1gCAWsA&t=185s">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV-DX+TVB+Internacional+Bolivia%2C+opening+and+breakfast+TV+27.03.2001&rft.pub=EifelDX&rft.date=2020-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DEycV1gCAWsA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HnvjCw2k0U"><i>RTB Sukmaindera Startup</i></a>. connor-tv. 9 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200904194229/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HnvjCw2k0U">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RTB+Sukmaindera+Startup&rft.pub=connor-tv&rft.date=2020-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D7HnvjCw2k0U&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7Be6MVNz10"><i>CKY-TV Sign-Off (1983)</i></a>. bmuz. 12 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200904210527/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7Be6MVNz10">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CKY-TV+Sign-Off+%281983%29&rft.pub=bmuz&rft.date=2015-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dt7Be6MVNz10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdY-i58tai0"><i>TV-DX ERTU CH1 05.10.1993</i></a>. EifelDX. 25 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200930234120/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdY-i58tai0">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV-DX+ERTU+CH1+05.10.1993&rft.pub=EifelDX&rft.date=2017-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DJdY-i58tai0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160328150838/http://www.intervalsignals.net/Files/grc-z-yened_rvd_1974.m3u"><i>YENED Radio</i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intervalsignals.net/Files/grc-z-yened_rvd_1974.m3u">the original</a> on 2016-03-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YENED+Radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intervalsignals.net%2FFiles%2Fgrc-z-yened_rvd_1974.m3u&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10O57OiVNNg"><i>Siaran penutup SCTV tahun 2001</i></a>. widiajier. 20 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Siaran+penutup+SCTV+tahun+2001&rft.pub=widiajier&rft.date=2023-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D10O57OiVNNg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTZrYZ6rHNk"><i>IRIB Pooya Sign Off IRIB Nahal Sign On (December 18, 2019)</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RT%C3%89+Closedown+November+1995&rft.pub=myyoutubename&rft.date=2013-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DrCIFhSv-XVs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fiSnHG57GM"><i>Psuko Shel Yom1.wmv</i></a>. shirlytwo. 28 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515184212/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fiSnHG57GM">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Psuko+Shel+Yom1.wmv&rft.pub=shirlytwo&rft.date=2009-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D-fiSnHG57GM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716014235/http://www.intervalsignals.net/Files/jor-rj_arabic_250207.m3u"><i>Radio Jordan - Arabic Service</i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intervalsignals.net/Files/jor-rj_arabic_250207.m3u">the original</a> on 2020-07-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radio+Jordan+-+Arabic+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intervalsignals.net%2FFiles%2Fjor-rj_arabic_250207.m3u&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTMaCmHNgOY"><i>Kuwait TV KTS E5 Startup 1985</i></a>. Testcards & pres oddities. 5 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2024</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kuwait+TV+KTS+E5+Startup+1985&rft.pub=Testcards+%26+pres+oddities&rft.date=2008-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DOTMaCmHNgOY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_AV_media" title="Template:Cite AV media">cite AV media</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ing-sat.what.hu/satlogos/libya.htm">"Libya"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714232951/http://ing-sat.what.hu/satlogos/libya.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Libya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fing-sat.what.hu%2Fsatlogos%2Flibya.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiMyRtYRiW4"><i>RTM TV1 Morning Startup (6:00am) 14.1.2017</i></a>. Radziah Razuan. 13 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008135526/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiMyRtYRiW4">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RTM+TV1+Morning+Startup+%286%3A00am%29+14.1.2017&rft.pub=Radziah+Razuan&rft.date=2017-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DIiMyRtYRiW4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOsRo9jrt0E"><i>TV-DX 2M Morocco 01.12.1993</i></a>. EifelDX. 17 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210328031215/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOsRo9jrt0E">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV-DX+2M+Morocco+01.12.1993&rft.pub=EifelDX&rft.date=2017-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DDOsRo9jrt0E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzUyABJ7ZWc"><i>ภาพทดสอบ / ident / เพลงชาติเมียนมาร์ - กะบามะเจ (พ.ศ. 2563) | ช่อง MRTV HD</i></a>. เพลงชาติผ่านดาวเทียมซับไทย AnthemOnTVSatelliteSubThai. 16 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201012121333/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzUyABJ7ZWc">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A+%2F+ident+%2F+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C+-+%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88+%28%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8.+2563%29+%7C+%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87+MRTV+HD&rft.pub=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2+AnthemOnTVSatelliteSubThai&rft.date=2020-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DkzUyABJ7ZWc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarschall2017" class="citation book cs1">Marschall, Sabine (3 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PpfzDQAAQBAJ&q=radio+nepal+bhajan+sign+on&pg=PT186"><i>Tourism and Memories of Home: Migrants, Displaced People, Exiles and Diasporic Communities</i></a>. Channel View Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845416058" title="Special:BookSources/9781845416058"><bdi>9781845416058</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220324162029/https://books.google.com/books?id=PpfzDQAAQBAJ&q=radio+nepal+bhajan+sign+on&pg=PT186">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tourism+and+Memories+of+Home%3A+Migrants%2C+Displaced+People%2C+Exiles+and+Diasporic+Communities&rft.pub=Channel+View+Publications&rft.date=2017-02-03&rft.isbn=9781845416058&rft.aulast=Marschall&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPpfzDQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dradio%2Bnepal%2Bbhajan%2Bsign%2Bon%26pg%3DPT186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zbpITJKUZg"><i>TV-DX Tele Sahel opening, news and closedown 17.11.1993</i></a>. EifelDX. 26 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201211060752/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zbpITJKUZg">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV-DX+Tele+Sahel+opening%2C+news+and+closedown+17.11.1993&rft.pub=EifelDX&rft.date=2017-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D8zbpITJKUZg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_z-EPRS4w4"><i>TV-DX PTV Pakistan Testcard and opening, some news 08.09.1994</i></a>. EifelDX. 10 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210326010801/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_z-EPRS4w4">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Claudio Cordero. 6 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210328072947/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS0YxwyxcJc">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frecuencia+Latina+-+A%C3%B1os+90%3A+Himno+Nacional+y+Padre+Nuestro&rft.pub=Claudio+Cordero&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DYS0YxwyxcJc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYQ0yYtkSPg"><i>NBN-4 Overnite Prayer & Sign-Off 2009</i></a>. deniel013. 21 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201004041554/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYQ0yYtkSPg">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NBN-4+Overnite+Prayer+%26+Sign-Off+2009&rft.pub=deniel013&rft.date=2010-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DYYQ0yYtkSPg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTG0lBEKHdA">"DZRH Sign Off – Tony Boy Bautista (YouTube)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308130319/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTG0lBEKHdA">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=DZRH+Sign+Off+%E2%80%93+Tony+Boy+Bautista+%28YouTube%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DYTG0lBEKHdA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwYO4Y_0dNc"><i>TV-DX ART-1, Saudi Arabia 06.01.1994</i></a>. EifelDX. 20 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003082554/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwYO4Y_0dNc">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TV-DX+ART-1%2C+Saudi+Arabia+06.01.1994&rft.pub=EifelDX&rft.date=2020-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DUwYO4Y_0dNc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDbJ7rSxX5Q">"Rupavahini Closedown (2020)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 31 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308064902/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDbJ7rSxX5Q">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Rupavahini+Closedown+%282020%29&rft.date=2020-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DbDbJ7rSxX5Q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgqnwCEh2fk"><i>Syria TV morning Sign on with patriotic songs, national Anthem and prayer from today (1 Dec 2017)</i></a>. Defenders of the Syrian Arab Republic. 1 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200831205356/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgqnwCEh2fk">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria+TV+morning+Sign+on+with+patriotic+songs%2C+national+Anthem+and+prayer+from+today+%281+Dec+2017%29&rft.pub=Defenders+of+the+Syrian+Arab+Republic&rft.date=2017-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DMgqnwCEh2fk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KR8HaDFgFPA"><i>ปิดสถานี ช่อง 9 (2531)</i></a>. Domodarken-M. 14 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018172322/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KR8HaDFgFPA&gl=US&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5+%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87+9+%282531%29&rft.pub=Domodarken-M&rft.date=2020-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DKR8HaDFgFPA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjBFs_W1qUo"><i>CCN TV6 Trinidad & Tobago Sign On (1990s)</i></a>. mmm-Kyron-mmm. 19 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423145255/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjBFs_W1qUo&gl=US&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCN+TV6+Trinidad+%26+Tobago+Sign+On+%281990s%29&rft.pub=mmm-Kyron-mmm&rft.date=2013-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhjBFs_W1qUo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQ4qymrEV0M"><i>Meditation/Prayer & Station Sign Off - WJAR, Providence, RI - November, 1987 (VHS)</i></a>. The Basement Labs. 17 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018172253/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQ4qymrEV0M&gl=US&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meditation%2FPrayer+%26+Station+Sign+Off+-+WJAR%2C+Providence%2C+RI+-+November%2C+1987+%28VHS%29&rft.pub=The+Basement+Labs&rft.date=2019-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DeQ4qymrEV0M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aICYeqUyNAE"><i>WVTV TV 18 - News Final/Lord's Prayer/Signoff/Nat'l Anthem January 21, 1984 [27 min 42 sec]</i></a>. The TV Madman. 7 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200831153437/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aICYeqUyNAE">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WVTV+TV+18+-+News+Final%2FLord%27s+Prayer%2FSignoff%2FNat%27l+Anthem+January+21%2C+1984+%5B27+min+42+sec%5D&rft.pub=The+TV+Madman&rft.date=2018-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DaICYeqUyNAE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UReVVrbL8xs"><i>1970s KTUL sign-off: Indian sign language</i></a>. TulsaTV. 1 April 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212101340/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UReVVrbL8xs">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1970s+KTUL+sign-off%3A+Indian+sign+language&rft.pub=TulsaTV&rft.date=2008-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DUReVVrbL8xs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RysgTYFsSE"><i>RASD TV - Closedown (5-7-2017)</i></a>. TanaponLive HD2. 4 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200905074754/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RysgTYFsSE">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RASD+TV+-+Closedown+%285-7-2017%29&rft.pub=TanaponLive+HD2&rft.date=2017-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D_RysgTYFsSE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6GRCw-LR8Y"><i>เพลงชาติเยเมน (วีดีโอเพลงชาติเก่าแก่ที่สุด)</i></a>. เพลงชาติผ่านดาวเทียมซับไทย AnthemOnTVSatelliteSubThai. 4 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200717111435/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6GRCw-LR8Y">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thetorah.com&rft.atitle=Which+television+services+operate+on+Yom+Kippur+in+Israel%3F+-+Israel+Culture+-+The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.date=2022-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fculture%2Farticle-718871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.budiey.com/siaran-sukan-olimpik-2012-di-london-dalam-bentuk-3d/">"Siaran Sukan Olimpik 2012 di London Dalam Bentuk 3D | Sensasi Selebriti"</a>. 23 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200717090913/https://www.budiey.com/siaran-sukan-olimpik-2012-di-london-dalam-bentuk-3d/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Siaran+Sukan+Olimpik+2012+di+London+Dalam+Bentuk+3D+%26%23124%3B+Sensasi+Selebriti&rft.date=2012-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.budiey.com%2Fsiaran-sukan-olimpik-2012-di-london-dalam-bentuk-3d%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://varsitarian.net/circle/20081117/is_philippine_tv_still_holy_week_friendly">"Is Philippine TV still Holy Week-friendly?"</a>. 17 November 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716055656/https://varsitarian.net/circle/20081117/is_philippine_tv_still_holy_week_friendly">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-07-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+Philippine+TV+still+Holy+Week-friendly%3F&rft.date=2008-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvarsitarian.net%2Fcircle%2F20081117%2Fis_philippine_tv_still_holy_week_friendly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASign-on+and+sign-off" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sign-on_and_sign-off&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tv-signoffs.com/">TV-Signoffs.com</a>- <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414213328/http://tv-signoffs.com/">Archived</a> 2016-04-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>J. Alan Wall's website devoted to sign-offs and sign-ons of United States television stations</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvark.org/">TV-Ark</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>8 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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