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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Liu He (politician)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%87%D9%8A" title="ليو هي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليو هي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_He" title="Liu He – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Liu He" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liou_Che" title="Liou Che – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Liou Che" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_He_(Politiker)" title="Liu He (Politiker) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liu He (Politiker)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_He" title="Liu He – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Liu He" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%87%D9%87" title="لیو هه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیو هه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_He_(homme_politique)" title="Liu He (homme politique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liu He (homme politique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%98%ED%97%88_(%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%9D%B8)" title="류허 (정치인) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="류허 (정치인)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_He_(politikus)" title="Liu He (politikus) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Liu He (politikus)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_He" title="Liu He – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Liu He" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%87%D9%89" title="ليو هى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليو هى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%B6%B4" title="劉鶴 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="劉鶴" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_He" title="Liu He – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Liu He" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E_%D0%A5%D1%8D_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Лю Хэ (политик) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лю Хэ (политик)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_He" title="Liu He – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Liu He" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_He_(politiker)" title="Liu He (politiker) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liu He (politiker)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%DB%87_%D8%AE%DB%90" title="ليۇ خې – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ليۇ خې" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C6%B0u_H%E1%BA%A1c" title="Lưu Hạc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lưu Hạc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%B6%B4" title="劉鶴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="劉鶴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Liu He</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans-CN"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">刘鹤</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liu_He_(cropped)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Liu_He_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/200px-Liu_He_%28cropped%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Liu_He_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/300px-Liu_He_%28cropped%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Liu_He_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/400px-Liu_He_%28cropped%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="635" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Liu He in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premier of China</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 March 2018 – 12 March 2023<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Chunlan" title="Sun Chunlan">Sun Chunlan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hu_Chunhua" title="Hu Chunhua">Hu Chunhua</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Director of the Office of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 March 2013 – October 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Xiwen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Xiwen (page does not exist)">Chen Xiwen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">General secretary</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Zhixin_(politician)" title="Zhu Zhixin (politician)">Zhu Zhixin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1952-01-25</span>) </span>25 January 1952<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 72)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (1976–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renmin_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Renmin University">Renmin University</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Public_Administration" title="Master of Public Administration">MPA</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signed_signature_page_of_the_Economic_and_Trade_Agreement_Between_the_Government_of_the_United_States_and_the_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(Chinese_version,_scan_by_Wang_Ying_of_Xinhua,_crop_of_the_signature_of_Liu_He).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liu He (politician)'s signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Signed_signature_page_of_the_Economic_and_Trade_Agreement_Between_the_Government_of_the_United_States_and_the_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%28Chinese_version%2C_scan_by_Wang_Ying_of_Xinhua%2C_crop_of_the_signature_of_Liu_He%29.jpg/89px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Signed_signature_page_of_the_Economic_and_Trade_Agreement_Between_the_Government_of_the_United_States_and_the_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%28Chinese_version%2C_scan_by_Wang_Ying_of_Xinhua%2C_crop_of_the_signature_of_Liu_He%29.jpg/134px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Signed_signature_page_of_the_Economic_and_Trade_Agreement_Between_the_Government_of_the_United_States_and_the_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_%28Chinese_version%2C_scan_by_Wang_Ying_of_Xinhua%2C_crop_of_the_signature_of_Liu_He%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="121" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Liu He</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">刘鹤</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">劉鶴</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Liú Hè</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Liu<sup>2</sup> Ho<sup>4</sup></span></i>; born 25 January 1952) is a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economist</a> and retired politician who served as a <a href="/wiki/Vice_premier_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice premier of China">vice premier of China</a> from 2018 to 2023. Additionally, he served as the director of the Office serving the <a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) from 2013 to 2023, the director of the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Stability_and_Development_Committee" title="Financial Stability and Development Committee">Financial Stability and Development Committee</a> from 2017 to 2023, as well as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party</a> from 2017 to 2022. </p><p>Liu studied industrial economics in the <a href="/wiki/Renmin_University_of_China" title="Renmin University of China">Renmin University of China</a> in the 1980s, he worked in various jobs in the <a href="/wiki/Development_Research_Center_of_the_State_Council" title="Development Research Center of the State Council">State Council Development Research Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">State Planning Commission</a>, the <a href="/wiki/State_Information_Center_of_China" title="State Information Center of China">State Information Center</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_Information_Office" title="State Council Information Office">State Council Information Office</a> between 1986 and 2003, being responsible for economic affairs. He was a deputy director of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs</a> between 2003 and 2011, and deputy director of the Development Research Center between 2011 and 2013; during this time, he was an influential advisor to CCP general secretary <a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a> on economic affairs. </p><p>Liu became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP Central Committee</a> in 2013, when he became a deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, as well as the director of the Office of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs. During this period, he advised CCP general secretary <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> on economic affairs, and was considered a primary architect of Xi's economic policies. He was promoted to the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a> in 2017 and became a <a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">vice premier</a> in 2018, where he continued to take on economic policies and also became the top trade negotiator with the United States due to the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a>. Liu retired from the Politburo in 2022, and stepped down from vice premiership in 2023. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_He_(politician)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in Beijing on 25 January 1952,<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liu attended <a href="/wiki/Beijing_101_Middle_School" title="Beijing 101 Middle School">Beijing 101 Middle School</a> for middle and high school; some foreign and Chinese media have mistakenly reported that Liu attended the same middle school with <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>, though Xi attended the Bayi School and Beijing No. 25 School. Nevertheless, they still likely grew close ties as they grew up in the same neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liu was <a href="/wiki/Sent-down_youth" title="Sent-down youth">sent down</a> to <a href="/wiki/Taonan" title="Taonan">Taonan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>, where he worked in an agricultural commune.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, he joined <a href="/wiki/82nd_Group_Army" title="82nd Group Army">82nd Group Army</a>, and once became a deputy squad leader. He retired from army after three years, and was assigned to Beijing Radio Factory as a worker for another three years.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) in December 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a Bachelor of Science in Industrial Economics and Management from <a href="/wiki/Renmin_University_of_China" title="Renmin University of China">Renmin University of China</a> in 1983 and a Master of Science in Industrial Economics in 1986. He was a visiting scholar at <a href="/wiki/Seton_Hall_University" title="Seton Hall University">Seton Hall University</a> <a href="/wiki/W._Paul_Stillman_School_of_Business" title="W. Paul Stillman School of Business">School of Business</a> from 1992 to 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Public_Administration" title="Master of Public Administration">Master of Public Administration</a> from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a><sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 195">: 195 </span></sup> in 1995. Liu was also a founder of the Chinese Economists 50 Forum.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_He_(politician)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He has published widely on macroeconomics, Chinese industrial and economic development policy, new economic theory and the <a href="/wiki/Information_industry" title="Information industry">information industry</a>, writing five books and over 200 articles.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liu briefly worked as a researcher in the <a href="/wiki/Development_Research_Center_of_the_State_Council" title="Development Research Center of the State Council">Development Research Center</a> of the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> between 1986 and 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, he worked as a deputy director of the Research Office of the <a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">State Planning Commission</a>, and later a deputy director of the Industrial Policy and Long-term Planning Department of the Commission between 1987 and 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the years of 1998 and 2001, he serves as the executive deputy director of the <a href="/wiki/State_Information_Center_of_China" title="State Information Center of China">State Information Center</a>, and concurrently the chairman of the China Economic Information Company.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a deputy director at the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_Information_Office" title="State Council Information Office">State Council Information Office</a> (SCIO) between 2001 and 2003, in charge of e-commerce and international cooperation.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liu became a deputy director of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs</a> in 2003, a position he served until 2011, where he was responsible for macro-economic policy planning and drafting speeches for CCP general secretary <a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Central_Economic_Work_Conference" title="Central Economic Work Conference">Central Economic Work Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He briefly returned to the Development Research Center between 2011 and 2013, where he served as the CCP secretary and deputy director.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, he became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP Central Committee</a>, and was appointed as a deputy director and CCP secretary of the <a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">National Development and Reform Commission</a>, serving in that office until 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also became the director of the Office of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs, which was later upgraded to a commission in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, Liu began advising CCP general secretary Xi Jinping on a series of economic initiatives, and was believed to be one of the primary architects of Chinese economic policy at the time. He has been described as "one of the <a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">technocrats</a> that Xi Jinping trusts a great deal".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the chief drafter of the communiqué at the Third Plenum of the 18th National CCP Congress, which promised to give "market forces" a "decisive" role in allocating resources.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vice_Premier">Vice Premier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_He_(politician)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vice Premier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China,_Liu_He,_2018_(27309127577).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China%2C_Liu_He%2C_2018_%2827309127577%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China%2C_Liu_He%2C_2018_%2827309127577%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China%2C_Liu_He%2C_2018_%2827309127577%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China%2C_Liu_He%2C_2018_%2827309127577%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China%2C_Liu_He%2C_2018_%2827309127577%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Talks_Trade_with_the_Vice_Premier_of_the_People%E2%80%99s_Republic_of_China%2C_Liu_He%2C_2018_%2827309127577%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1867" /></a><figcaption>Liu with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/19th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP 19th National Congress</a> in October 2017, Liu was promoted to the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP Politburo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also was put in charge of the newly established <a href="/wiki/Financial_Stability_and_Development_Committee" title="Financial Stability and Development Committee">Financial Stability and Development Committee</a> in November.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2018, Liu He was appointed as a <a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">vice premier</a> in charge of finance and economic structural reforms in <a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Keqiang Government">Li Keqiang Government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As vice premier, Liu has significantly contributed to Xi's key economic concepts such as "economic new normal" and "supply-side reform".<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2018, Liu He was also appointed top trade negotiator for the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a>. In early October 2019, Liu He negotiated with his US counterparts on a preliminary trade deal.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liu is generally considered to hold economically liberal views.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Institution-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He gave a keynote address to the 2018 <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> in Davos.<sup id="cite_ref-realstar_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realstar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has been one of the key officials in the crackdown on <a href="/wiki/Ant_Group" title="Ant Group">Ant Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FT_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retirement">Retirement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_He_(politician)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liu retired from the Politburo in October 2022, after the <a href="/wiki/20th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">20th CCP National Congress</a>, as well as from vice premiership in March 2023, after the <a href="/wiki/2023_National_People%27s_Congress" title="2023 National People's Congress">first session</a> of the <a href="/wiki/14th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="14th National People's Congress">14th National People's Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also retired as the director of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Financial_and_Economic_Affairs_Commission" title="Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission">Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission</a> Office by October 2023, where Vice Premier <a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a> took over the position.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, he was reported to still be influential after his retirement, still attending meetings on economic affairs, and being asked to give input on dealing with the US on trade and economic issues, as well as on domestic economic policies.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liu also met with US Treasury Secretary <a href="/wiki/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> in July 2023 and April 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_He_(politician)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liu is married. His son Liu Tianran, is the chairman of Tianyi Ziteng Asset Management (alternatively known as Skycus Capital).<sup id="cite_ref-FT_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_He_(politician)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Office was known as the "Director of the Office of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Leading Group" before March 2018.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_He_(politician)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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href="#cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brookings_Institution_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/20thpartycongress_liu_he.pdf">"Liu He 刘鹤"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liu+He+%E5%88%98%E9%B9%A4&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F10%2F20thpartycongress_liu_he.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+He+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2018" class="citation news cs1">Porter, Sarah (19 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43251862">"Liu He: China's quiet economist becomes top economic leader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Liu+He%3A+China%27s+quiet+economist+becomes+top+economic+leader&rft.date=2018-03-19&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-43251862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+He+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Daokui_Li" title="David Daokui Li">Li, David Daokui</a> (2024). <i>China's World View: Demystifying China to Prevent Global Conflict</i>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393292398" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393292398"><bdi>978-0393292398</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+World+View%3A+Demystifying+China+to+Prevent+Global+Conflict&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-0393292398&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=David+Daokui&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+He+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVitae" class="citation web cs1">Vitae, China. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Liu_He/bio">"China Vitae : Biography of Liu He"</a>. <i>chinavitae.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chinavitae.com&rft.atitle=China+Vitae+%3A+Biography+of+Liu+He&rft.aulast=Vitae&rft.aufirst=China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinavitae.com%2Fbiography%2FLiu_He%2Fbio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+He+%28politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChotiner2019" class="citation web cs1">Chotiner, Isaac (22 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/a-political-economist-on-how-china-sees-trumps-trade-war">"A Political Economist on How China Sees Trump's Trade War"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190523034716/https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/a-political-economist-on-how-china-sees-trumps-trade-war">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Commission">National Informatization Expert Advisory Committee</a> </b><br />2001–2003 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qu_Weizhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qu Weizhi (page does not exist)">Qu Weizhi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E7%BB%B4%E6%9E%9D" class="extiw" title="zh:曲维枝">zh</a>]</span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yandong" title="Liu Yandong">Liu Yandong</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Deputy Head of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Science_and_Technology_Leading_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Science and Technology Leading Group (page does not exist)">National Science and Technology Leading Group</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%84" class="extiw" title="zh:国家科技领导小组">zh</a>]</span> </b><br />2018–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Li_Wei_(born_1953)" title="Li Wei (born 1953)">Li Wei</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Party Branch Secretary of <a href="/wiki/Development_Research_Center_of_the_State_Council" title="Development Research Center of the State Council">Development Research Center of the State Council</a> </b><br />2011–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Anshun" title="Wang Anshun">Wang Anshun</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Deputy Party Branch Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">National Development and Reform Commission</a> </b><br />2014–2018 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mu_Hong" title="Mu Hong">Mu Hong</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Zhixin_(politician)" title="Zhu Zhixin (politician)">Zhu Zhixin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Director of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Central_Financial_and_Economic_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the Central Financial and Economic Commission (page does not exist)">Office of the Central Financial and Economic Commission</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E8%B4%A2%E7%BB%8F%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4" class="extiw" title="zh:中央财经委员会办公室">zh</a>]</span> </b><br />2013–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(2017–2022)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template talk:19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(2017–2022)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party</a> (2017–2022)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/19th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zhanshu" title="Li Zhanshu">Li Zhanshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yang_(politician)" title="Wang Yang (politician)">Wang Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other members<br /><i>in <a href="/wiki/Surname_stroke_order" title="Surname stroke order">surname stroke order</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(politician)" title="Wang Chen (politician)">Wang Chen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liu He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Qiliang" title="Xu Qiliang">Xu Qiliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Chunlan" title="Sun Chunlan">Sun Chunlan ♀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xi_(politician)" title="Li Xi (politician)">Li Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Jiechi" title="Yang Jiechi">Yang Jiechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Xiaodu" title="Yang Xiaodu">Yang Xiaodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Youxia" title="Zhang Youxia">Zhang Youxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Xi_(politician)" title="Chen Xi (politician)">Chen Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Quanguo" title="Chen Quanguo">Chen Quanguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Min%27er" title="Chen Min'er">Chen Min'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Chunhua" title="Hu Chunhua">Hu Chunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Shengkun" title="Guo Shengkun">Guo Shengkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Kunming" title="Huang Kunming">Huang Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Qi" title="Cai Qi">Cai Qi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:7th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:7th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">7th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:8th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">8th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:9th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">9th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">10th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:11th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">11th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:12th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">12th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:13th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">13th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">14th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:15th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">15th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">16th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">17th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">18th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">19th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="13th_State_Council_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:13th_State_Council_of_China" title="Template:13th State Council of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:13th_State_Council_of_China" title="Template talk:13th State Council of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:13th_State_Council_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:13th State Council of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="13th_State_Council_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">13th <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council of the People's Republic of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Keqiang Government">Li Keqiang Cabinet II</a> (2018–2023)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a><sup>PSC</sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Party_Committee_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Party Committee Secretary">Party branch secretary</a>)</small></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_and_Li_Keqiang_at_the_12th_Asia-Europe_Summit_(1)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_and_Li_Keqiang_at_the_12th_Asia-Europe_Summit_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_and_Li_Keqiang_at_the_12th_Asia-Europe_Summit_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_and_Li_Keqiang_at_the_12th_Asia-Europe_Summit_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_and_Li_Keqiang_at_the_12th_Asia-Europe_Summit_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_and_Li_Keqiang_at_the_12th_Asia-Europe_Summit_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_and_Li_Keqiang_at_the_12th_Asia-Europe_Summit_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="467" /></a></span><br /><small>Premier <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a></span></small><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Han_Zheng_(2018-09-18)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Han_Zheng_%282018-09-18%29_01.jpg/60px-Han_Zheng_%282018-09-18%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Han_Zheng_%282018-09-18%29_01.jpg/90px-Han_Zheng_%282018-09-18%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Han_Zheng_%282018-09-18%29_01.jpg/120px-Han_Zheng_%282018-09-18%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="883" /></a></span><br /><small><span class="nowrap">1st Vice-Premier</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></span></small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premiers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a><sup>PSC</sup> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sun_Chunlan" title="Sun Chunlan">Sun Chunlan</a>♀<sup>P</sup> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hu_Chunhua" title="Hu Chunhua">Hu Chunhua</a><sup>P</sup> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liu He</a><sup>P</sup> </span></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_councillor" title="State councillor">State Councilors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Fenghe" title="Wei Fenghe">Wei Fenghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yong_(politician)" title="Wang Yong (politician)">Wang Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Jie" title="Xiao Jie">Xiao Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Kezhi" title="Zhao Kezhi">Zhao Kezhi</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_State_Council" title="Secretary-General of the State Council">Secretary-General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Jie" title="Xiao Jie">Xiao Jie</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministries of the People's Republic of China">Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">1</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (China)">Foreign Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yi_(politician)" title="Wang Yi (politician)">Wang Yi</a> → <a href="/wiki/Qin_Gang" title="Qin Gang">Qin Gang</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">2</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Minister of National Defense (China)">National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wei_Fenghe" title="Wei Fenghe">Wei Fenghe</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">3</span> <a href="/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">Development & Reform Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC Vice-Chairman</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">4</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Education_(China)" title="Minister of Education (China)">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Baosheng" title="Chen Baosheng">Chen Baosheng</a> → <a href="/wiki/Huai_Jinpeng" title="Huai Jinpeng">Huai Jinpeng</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">5</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(China)" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (China)">Science & Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhigang" title="Wang Zhigang">Wang Zhigang</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">6</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Industry and Information Technology">Industry & Information Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Miao_Wei" title="Miao Wei">Miao Wei</a> → <a href="/wiki/Xiao_Yaqing" title="Xiao Yaqing">Xiao Yaqing</a> → <a href="/wiki/Jin_Zhuanglong" title="Jin Zhuanglong">Jin Zhuanglong</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">7</span> <a href="/wiki/National_Ethnic_Affairs_Commission" title="National Ethnic Affairs Commission">Ethnic Affairs Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bagatur" title="Bagatur">Bagatur</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC Vice-Chairman</a>)</small> → <a href="/wiki/Chen_Xiaojiang" title="Chen Xiaojiang">Chen Xiaojiang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Pan_Yue_(politician)" title="Pan Yue (politician)">Pan Yue</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">8</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Security_(China)" title="Minister of Public Security (China)">Public Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Kezhi" title="Zhao Kezhi">Zhao Kezhi</a> → <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaohong" title="Wang Xiaohong">Wang Xiaohong</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span><span class="nobold">9</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_Security_(China)" title="Minister of State Security (China)">State Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Wenqing" title="Chen Wenqing">Chen Wenqing</a> → <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yixin" title="Chen Yixin">Chen Yixin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">10</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Minister of Civil Affairs">Civil Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Huang_Shuxian" title="Huang Shuxian">Huang Shuxian</a> → <a href="/wiki/Li_Jiheng" title="Li Jiheng">Li Jiheng</a> → <a href="/wiki/Tang_Dengjie" title="Tang Dengjie">Tang Dengjie</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">11</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(China)" title="Minister of Justice (China)">Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fu_Zhenghua" title="Fu Zhenghua">Fu Zhenghua</a> → <a href="/wiki/Tang_Yijun" title="Tang Yijun">Tang Yijun</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">12</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(China)" title="Minister of Finance (China)">Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Kun" title="Liu Kun">Liu Kun</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">13</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resources_and_Social_Security" title="Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security">Human Resources & Social Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jinan" title="Zhang Jinan">Zhang Jinan</a> → <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Zuyi" title="Zhou Zuyi">Zhou Zuyi</a> → <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaoping" title="Wang Xiaoping">Wang Xiaoping</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">14</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_(China)" title="Ministry of Natural Resources (China)">Natural Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lu_Hao_(born_1967)" title="Lu Hao (born 1967)">Lu Hao</a> → <a href="/wiki/Wang_Guanghua" title="Wang Guanghua">Wang Guanghua</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">15</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ecology_and_Environment" title="Ministry of Ecology and Environment">Ecology & Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Li_Ganjie" title="Li Ganjie">Li Ganjie</a> → <a href="/wiki/Huang_Runqiu" title="Huang Runqiu">Huang Runqiu</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">16</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development">Housing & Urban-Rural Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Menghui" title="Wang Menghui">Wang Menghui</a> → <a href="/wiki/Ni_Hong_(politician)" title="Ni Hong (politician)">Ni Hong</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">17</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_(China)" title="Ministry of Transport (China)">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiaopeng_(politician)" title="Li Xiaopeng (politician)">Li Xiaopeng</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">18</span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Water_Resources_(China)" title="Minister of Water Resources (China)">Water Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/E_Jingping" title="E Jingping">E Jingping</a> → <a href="/wiki/Li_Guoying" title="Li Guoying">Li Guoying</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">19</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs">Agriculture & Rural Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Han_Changfu" title="Han Changfu">Han Changfu</a> → <a href="/wiki/Tang_Renjian" title="Tang Renjian">Tang Renjian</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">20</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_(China)" title="Ministry of Commerce (China)">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Shan" title="Zhong Shan">Zhong Shan</a> → <a href="/wiki/Wang_Wentao" title="Wang Wentao">Wang Wentao</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">21</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(China)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (China)">Culture & Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Luo_Shugang" title="Luo Shugang">Luo Shugang</a> → <a href="/wiki/Hu_Heping" title="Hu Heping">Hu Heping</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">22</span> <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Commission" title="National Health Commission">Health Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei" title="Ma Xiaowei">Ma Xiaowei</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">23</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Veterans_Affairs_(China)" title="Ministry of Veterans Affairs (China)">Veterans Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sun_Shaocheng" title="Sun Shaocheng">Sun Shaocheng</a> → <a href="/wiki/Pei_Jinjia" title="Pei Jinjia">Pei Jinjia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><span class="nobold">24</span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Emergency_Management" title="Ministry of Emergency Management">Emergency Management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yupu" title="Wang Yupu">Wang Yupu</a>† → <i>vacant</i> → <a href="/wiki/Huang_Ming_(politician)" title="Huang Ming (politician)">Huang Ming</a> → <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiangxi" title="Wang Xiangxi">Wang Xiangxi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="Governor of the People's Bank of China">Central Bank Governor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Yi_Gang" title="Yi Gang">Yi Gang</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(China)" title="National Audit Office (China)">Auditor-General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hu_Zejun" title="Hu Zejun">Hu Zejun</a>♀ → <a href="/wiki/Hou_Kai" title="Hou Kai">Hou Kai</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup>P</sup>: Member of the <a href="/wiki/19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a>;</li> <li><sup>PSC</sup>: Member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee</a>;</li> <li>†: died in office;</li> <li>♀: Female</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vice_Premiers_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Vice premiers of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Vice premiers of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vice premiers of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vice_Premiers_of_the_People&#039;s_Republic_of_China_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premiers of the People's Republic of China</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_premiers_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="List of vice premiers of the People's Republic of China">list</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><small><a href="/wiki/Central_People%27s_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1949%E2%80%9354)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China (1949–54)">Provisional Cabinet</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Biwu" title="Dong Biwu">Dong Biwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Moruo" title="Guo Moruo">Guo Moruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Yanpei" title="Huang Yanpei">Huang Yanpei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> <small>(added 1952)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Dehuai" title="Peng Dehuai">Peng Dehuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Zihui" title="Deng Zihui">Deng Zihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Long" title="He Long">He Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(marshal)" title="Chen Yi (marshal)">Chen Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Fuchun" title="Li Fuchun">Li Fuchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Rongzhen" title="Nie Rongzhen">Nie Rongzhen</a> <small>(added 1956)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Yibo" title="Bo Yibo">Bo Yibo</a> <small>(added 1956)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Dehuai" title="Peng Dehuai">Peng Dehuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Zihui" title="Deng Zihui">Deng Zihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Long" title="He Long">He Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(marshal)" title="Chen Yi (marshal)">Chen Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Fuchun" title="Li Fuchun">Li Fuchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Rongzhen" title="Nie Rongzhen">Nie Rongzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Yibo" title="Bo Yibo">Bo Yibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Zhenlin" title="Tan Zhenlin">Tan Zhenlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Dingyi" title="Lu Dingyi">Lu Dingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Ruiqing" title="Luo Ruiqing">Luo Ruiqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Zhongxun" title="Xi Zhongxun">Xi Zhongxun</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a> <small>(died 1971)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a> <small>(dismissed 1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> <small>(dismissed 1968, reinstated 1973)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Long" title="He Long">He Long</a> <small>(died 1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(marshal)" title="Chen Yi (marshal)">Chen Yi</a> <small>(died 1972)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke_Qingshi" title="Ke Qingshi">Ke Qingshi</a> <small>(died 1965)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanhu" title="Ulanhu">Ulanhu</a> <small>(dismissed 1968)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Fuchun" title="Li Fuchun">Li Fuchun</a> <small>(died 1975)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Zhenlin" title="Tan Zhenlin">Tan Zhenlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Rongzhen" title="Nie Rongzhen">Nie Rongzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Yibo" title="Bo Yibo">Bo Yibo</a> <small>(dismissed 1967)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Dingyi" title="Lu Dingyi">Lu Dingyi</a> <small>(dismissed 1966)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Ruiqing" title="Luo Ruiqing">Luo Ruiqing</a> <small>(dismissed 1966)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Zhu" title="Tao Zhu">Tao Zhu</a> <small>(died 1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Fuzhi" title="Xie Fuzhi">Xie Fuzhi</a> <small>(died 1972)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> <small>(dismissed 1976, reinstated 1977)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a> <small>(dismissed 1977)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Xilian" title="Chen Xilian">Chen Xilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Dengkui" title="Ji Dengkui">Ji Dengkui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yonggui" title="Chen Yonggui">Chen Yonggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Guixian" title="Wu Guixian">Wu Guixian</a> ♀ <small>(resigned 1977)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen_(general)" title="Wang Zhen (general)">Wang Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Qiuli" title="Yu Qiuli">Yu Qiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu_Mu" title="Gu Mu">Gu Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Jian_(politician)" title="Sun Jian (politician)">Sun Jian</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th Cabinet (1978)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Xiangqian" title="Xu Xiangqian">Xu Xiangqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Dengkui" title="Ji Dengkui">Ji Dengkui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Qiuli" title="Yu Qiuli">Yu Qiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Xilian" title="Chen Xilian">Chen Xilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geng_Biao" title="Geng Biao">Geng Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yonggui" title="Chen Yonggui">Chen Yonggui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Yi" title="Fang Yi">Fang Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen_(general)" title="Wang Zhen (general)">Wang Zhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu_Mu" title="Gu Mu">Gu Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Shi%27en" title="Kang Shi'en">Kang Shi'en</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Muhua" title="Chen Muhua">Chen Muhua</a> ♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Renzhong" title="Wang Renzhong">Wang Renzhong</a> <small>(added 1979)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yun" title="Chen Yun">Chen Yun</a> <small>(added 1979)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th Cabinet (1980)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Qiuli" title="Yu Qiuli">Yu Qiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geng_Biao" title="Geng Biao">Geng Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Yi" title="Fang Yi">Fang Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu_Mu" title="Gu Mu">Gu Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Shi%27en" title="Kang Shi'en">Kang Shi'en</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Muhua" title="Chen Muhua">Chen Muhua</a> ♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Yibo" title="Bo Yibo">Bo Yibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Yilin" title="Yao Yilin">Yao Yilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Pengfei" title="Ji Pengfei">Ji Pengfei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a> <small>(promoted to premier)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Jingren" title="Yang Jingren">Yang Jingren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Aiping" title="Zhang Aiping">Zhang Aiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Hua" title="Huang Hua">Huang Hua</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th Cabinet (1982)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Yilin" title="Yao Yilin">Yao Yilin</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Li" title="Wan Li">Wan Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Yilin" title="Yao Yilin">Yao Yilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Peng" title="Li Peng">Li Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Jiyun" title="Tian Jiyun">Tian Jiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Shi" title="Qiao Shi">Qiao Shi</a> <small>(added 1986)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Yilin" title="Yao Yilin">Yao Yilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Jiyun" title="Tian Jiyun">Tian Jiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Xueqian" title="Wu Xueqian">Wu Xueqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_Jiahua" title="Zou Jiahua">Zou Jiahua</a> <small>(added 1991)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a> <small>(added 1991)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_Jiahua" title="Zou Jiahua">Zou Jiahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Qichen" title="Qian Qichen">Qian Qichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Lanqing" title="Li Lanqing">Li Lanqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Bangguo" title="Wu Bangguo">Wu Bangguo</a> <small>(added 1995)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Chunyun" title="Jiang Chunyun">Jiang Chunyun</a> <small>(added 1995)</small></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Lanqing" title="Li Lanqing">Li Lanqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Qichen" title="Qian Qichen">Qian Qichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Bangguo" title="Wu Bangguo">Wu Bangguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Jiabao" title="Wen Jiabao">Wen Jiabao</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Ju" title="Huang Ju">Huang Ju</a> <small>(died 2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Yi_(politician)" title="Wu Yi (politician)">Wu Yi</a> ♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Peiyan" title="Zeng Peiyan">Zeng Peiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_Liangyu" title="Hui Liangyu">Hui Liangyu</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_Liangyu" title="Hui Liangyu">Hui Liangyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dejiang" title="Zhang Dejiang">Zhang Dejiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Qishan" title="Wang Qishan">Wang Qishan</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Keqiang Government">12th Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Gaoli" title="Zhang Gaoli">Zhang Gaoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yandong" title="Liu Yandong">Liu Yandong</a> ♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yang_(politician)" title="Wang Yang (politician)">Wang Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Kai" title="Ma Kai">Ma Kai</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Keqiang Government">13th Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Chunlan" title="Sun Chunlan">Sun Chunlan</a> ♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Chunhua" title="Hu Chunhua">Hu Chunhua</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liu He</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">14th Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Xuexiang" title="Ding Xuexiang">Ding Xuexiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Lifeng" title="He Lifeng">He Lifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Guoqing" title="Zhang Guoqing">Zhang Guoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Guozhong" title="Liu Guozhong">Liu Guozhong</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8294074#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8294074#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" 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