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href="#Istoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istoric</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Istoric subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scurt_istoric_al_denumirii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scurt_istoric_al_denumirii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Scurt istoric al denumirii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scurt_istoric_al_denumirii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istoricul_descoperirii_gazelor_nobile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istoricul_descoperirii_gazelor_nobile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Istoricul descoperirii gazelor nobile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istoricul_descoperirii_gazelor_nobile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stare_naturală" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stare_naturală"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Stare naturală</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stare_naturală-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietăți_fizice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietăți_fizice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Proprietăți fizice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietăți_fizice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietăți_chimice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietăți_chimice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Proprietăți chimice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietăți_chimice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obținere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obținere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Obținere</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Obținere-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Obținere subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Obținere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Izolarea_din_aerul_atmosferic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izolarea_din_aerul_atmosferic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Izolarea din aerul atmosferic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izolarea_din_aerul_atmosferic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izolarea_din_gazele_naturale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izolarea_din_gazele_naturale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Izolarea din gazele naturale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izolarea_din_gazele_naturale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Întrebuințări" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Întrebuințări"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Întrebuințări</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Întrebuințări-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descărcări_electrice_în_gaze_nobile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descărcări_electrice_în_gaze_nobile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Descărcări electrice în gaze nobile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descărcări_electrice_în_gaze_nobile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gaz nobil</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 123 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-123" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">123 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edelgasse" title="Edelgasse – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Edelgasse" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_noble" title="Gas noble – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gas noble" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84" title="غاز نبيل – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غاز نبيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84" title="غاز نبيل – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="غاز نبيل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_noble" title="Gas noble – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gas noble" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%99sirsiz_qazlar" title="Təsirsiz qazlar – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Təsirsiz qazlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="نجیب قاز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نجیب قاز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Затлы газдар – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Затлы газдар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gas mulia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Інертныя газы – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інертныя газы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Інэртныя газы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Інэртныя газы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Благороден газ – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Благороден газ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8" title="नोबल गैस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नोबल गैस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="নিষ্ক্রিয় গ্যাস – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিষ্ক্রিয় গ্যাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%91%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A6%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%A0%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="འདྲེས་སྦྱོར་དཀའ་བའི་རླུང་གཟུགས། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འདྲེས་སྦྱོར་དཀའ་བའི་རླུང་གཟུགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plemeniti_plinovi" title="Plemeniti plinovi – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Plemeniti plinovi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_noble" title="Gas noble – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gas noble" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%AD-i%C5%AB_k%C3%A9-t%C4%81%CC%A4" title="Hĭ-iū ké-tā̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hĭ-iū ké-tā̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vz%C3%A1cn%C3%A9_plyny" title="Vzácné plyny – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vzácné plyny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%B3%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Сӳрĕк газсем – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сӳрĕк газсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwy_nobl" title="Nwy nobl – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nwy nobl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86delgas" title="Ædelgas – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ædelgas" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edelgase" title="Edelgase – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edelgase" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ευγενή αέρια – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευγενή αέρια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Noble gas" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobla_gaso" title="Nobla gaso – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nobla gaso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gases_nobles" title="Gases nobles – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gases nobles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4%C3%A4risgaasid" title="Väärisgaasid – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Väärisgaasid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_noble" title="Gas noble – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gas noble" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="گاز نجیب – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاز نجیب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalokaasut" title="Jalokaasut – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jalokaasut" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tey_%C3%B3virknu_gassini" title="Tey óvirknu gassini – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tey óvirknu gassini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz_noble" title="Gaz noble – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gaz noble" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eedelgas" title="Eedelgas – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eedelgas" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edelgas" title="Edelgas – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Edelgas" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triathgh%C3%A1s" title="Triathghás – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Triathghás" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" title="惰性氣體 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="惰性氣體" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_nobre" title="Gas nobre – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gas nobre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pytundyry_apojovai%27%E1%BB%B9" title="Pytundyry apojovai'ỹ – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pytundyry apojovai'ỹ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_ooasle" title="Gas ooasle – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Gas ooasle" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AE-y%C3%B9_hi-th%C3%AD" title="Hî-yù hi-thí – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hî-yù hi-thí" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%96_%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C" title="גז אציל – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גז אציל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8" title="उत्कृष्ट गैस – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्कृष्ट गैस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Noble gas" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plemeniti_plinovi" title="Plemeniti plinovi – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Plemeniti plinovi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drohop%C5%82un" title="Drohopłun – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Drohopłun" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz_n%C3%B2b" title="Gaz nòb – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gaz nòb" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemesg%C3%A1zok" title="Nemesgázok – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemesgázok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Իներտ գազեր – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իներտ գազեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_nobile" title="Gas nobile – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gas nobile" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gas mulia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Эздий газаш – ingușă" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эздий газаш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingușă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%B0allofttegund" title="Eðallofttegund – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eðallofttegund" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_nobili" title="Gas nobili – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gas nobili" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC18%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第18族元素 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第18族元素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/navni" title="navni – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="navni" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_mulya" title="Gas mulya – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gas mulya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ინერტული აირები – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინერტული აირები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Инертті газдар – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Инертті газдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠಾನಿಲಗಳು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠಾನಿಲಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%99%9C%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4" title="비활성 기체 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비활성 기체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Инерттүү газдар – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Инерттүү газдар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasia_nobilia" title="Gasia nobilia – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gasia nobilia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eedelgas" title="Eedelgas – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Eedelgas" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedelgaas" title="Aedelgaas – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aedelgaas" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_n%C3%B2bil" title="Gas nòbil – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gas nòbil" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertin%C4%97s_dujos" title="Inertinės dujos – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Inertinės dujos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%93lg%C4%81zes" title="Cēlgāzes – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cēlgāzes" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Суаппез-влак – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Суаппез-влак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Благороден гас – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Благороден гас" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ഉൽകൃഷ്ടവാതകം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉൽകൃഷ്ടവാതകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Инерт хий – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Инерт хий" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="निष्क्रिय वायू – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="निष्क्रिय वायू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_adi" title="Gas adi – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gas adi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="နိုဘယ်ဂက်စ် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုဘယ်ဂက်စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Куло коштнэ – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Куло коштнэ" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddelgas" title="Eddelgas – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eddelgas" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="नोबल ग्यास – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नोबल ग्यास" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="नोबल ग्यास – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नोबल ग्यास" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edelgas" title="Edelgas – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Edelgas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edelgass" title="Edelgass – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Edelgass" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edelgass" title="Edelgass – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Edelgass" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_n%C3%B2ble" title="Gas nòble – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gas nòble" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8" title="ନିଷ୍କ୍ରିୟ ଗ୍ୟାସ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନିଷ୍କ୍ରିୟ ଗ୍ୟାସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8" title="ਨੋਬਲ ਗੈਸ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੋਬਲ ਗੈਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_inerto" title="Gas inerto – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Gas inerto" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helowce" title="Helowce – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Helowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="جوگی گیساں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جوگی گیساں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1s_nobre" title="Gás nobre – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gás nobre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umi%C3%B1a_wapsi" title="Umiña wapsi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Umiña wapsi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Благородные газы – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Благородные газы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мааны гаастар – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мааны гаастар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasu_n%C3%B2bile" title="Gasu nòbile – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gasu nòbile" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Noble gas" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plemeniti_gas" title="Plemeniti gas – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Plemeniti gas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A0_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94" title="උච්ච වායු – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උච්ච වායු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Noble gas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vz%C3%A1cny_plyn" title="Vzácny plyn – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vzácny plyn" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDlahtni_plin" title="Žlahtni plin – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Žlahtni plin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neefta_Gobta" title="Neefta Gobta – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Neefta Gobta" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupi_i_tet%C3%ABmb%C3%ABdhjet%C3%AB_i_elementeve_kimike" title="Grupi i tetëmbëdhjetë i elementeve kimike – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grupi i tetëmbëdhjetë i elementeve kimike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Племенити гас – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Племенити гас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_mulya" title="Gas mulya – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gas mulya" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84delgas" title="Ädelgas – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ädelgas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesi_adimu" title="Gesi adimu – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gesi adimu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81" title="அருமன் வாயு – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அருமன் வாயு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" title="ఉత్కృష్ట వాయువు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉత్కృష్ట వాయువు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Газҳои асил – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Газҳои асил" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5" title="แก๊สมีสกุล – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แก๊สมีสกุล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariringal_na_mga_hangin" title="Mariringal na mga hangin – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mariringal na mga hangin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_gaz" title="Soy gaz – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Soy gaz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Благородні гази – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Благородні гази" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="نوبل گیسیں – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نوبل گیسیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AD_hi%E1%BA%BFm" title="Khí hiếm – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khí hiếm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A5z_n%C3%B4be" title="Gåz nôbe – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Gåz nôbe" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_noble" title="Gas noble – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gas noble" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="稀有气体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%96" title="איידעלער גאז – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איידעלער גאז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8%CC%80f%C3%BA%C3%B9f%C3%B9_ab%C3%ADire" title="Ẹ̀fúùfù abíire – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹ̀fúùfù abíire" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="稀有气体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" title="貴氣體 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="貴氣體" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-i%C3%BA_kh%C3%AC-th%C3%A9" title="Hi-iú khì-thé – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hi-iú khì-thé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%B0%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" title="惰性氣體 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="惰性氣體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table align="right" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Grupele_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Grupele tabelului periodic">Grupă</a> </th> <th>18<br />VIII A </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Perioadele_tabelului_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Perioadele tabelului periodic">Perioadă</a> </th> <td>       </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Element_din_perioada_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Element din perioada 1 — pagină inexistentă">1</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">2<br /><a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Element_din_perioada_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Element din perioada 2 — pagină inexistentă">2</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">10<br /><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Element_din_perioada_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Element din perioada 3 — pagină inexistentă">3</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">18<br /><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Element_din_perioada_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Element din perioada 4 — pagină inexistentă">4</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">36<br /><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Element_din_perioada_5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Element din perioada 5 — pagină inexistentă">5</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px solid black;">54<br /><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Element_din_perioada_6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Element din perioada 6 — pagină inexistentă">6</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#c0ffff;color:red;border:1px dashed black;">86<br /><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Element_din_perioada_7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Element din perioada 7 — pagină inexistentă">7</a> </th> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#ecfefc;color:#cccccc;">118<br /><a href="/wiki/Ununoctiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununoctiu">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gazele <a href="/wiki/Nobil" class="mw-disambig" title="Nobil">nobile</a></b> sau <b>gazele rare</b> sunt substanțe care au toate straturile complet ocupate cu <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electroni</a>. De exemplu, gazul situat în perioada a 3-a are configurația electronică: K:2e<sup>-</sup> L:8e<sup>-</sup> M:8e<sup>-</sup>, deci nu formează ioni și are valența 0, de aceea gazele nobile nu formează compuși cu alte substanțe. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scurt_istoric_al_denumirii">Scurt istoric al denumirii</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Scurt istoric al denumirii" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Scurt istoric al denumirii"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denumirea de gaze inerte sau nobile își are originea în faptul că, până de curând, se considera că principala carcteristică a elementelor din grupa a VIII-a este inerția lor chimică totală. Inerția chimică a fost explicată prin configurația electronică specială a acestor gaze. Toate au stratul de valență complet ocupat cu câte 8 electroni (cu excepția heliului, cu strat de valență complet de doi electroni). S-a tras concluzia că această configurație electronică conferă o stabilitate deosebită, constatare care a fost generalizată ca regula octetului. Cercetări recente au arătat că unele gaze rare pot da combinații, uneori deosebit de stabile. Numele de gaze inerte (sau nobile) nu mai este astăzi propriu, ci are doar un sens istoric. </p><p>Nici denumirea de gaze rare dată elementelor din grupa a VIII-a nu este foarte potrivită, căci unele dintre ele se găsesc în cantități destul de mari în atmosfera pământului (1 m<sup>3</sup> aer conține 9,3 l argon). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Istoricul_descoperirii_gazelor_nobile">Istoricul descoperirii gazelor nobile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoricul descoperirii gazelor nobile" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Istoricul descoperirii gazelor nobile"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Descoperirea gazelor rare își are originea în observația făcută de <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a> în <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a> că <a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">azotul</a> izolat din <a href="/wiki/Aer" title="Aer">aer</a> are o <a href="/wiki/Densitate" title="Densitate">densitate</a> puțin mai mare decât azotul obținut prin descompunerea combinațiilor acestui <a href="/wiki/Element_chimic" title="Element chimic">element chimic</a>. Diferența este de numai aproximativ o unitate la zecimala a treia și a putut fi stabilită doar cu prilejul unor măsurători foarte exacte. <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a> a arătat că această diferență de densitate se datorează prezenței, în azotul atmosferic, în proporție mică a unui gaz cu densitate mai mare decât azotul pur. Pentru izolarea acestui gaz, Ramsay a trecut azot obținut din aer peste <a href="/wiki/Magneziu" title="Magneziu">magneziu</a> <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metalic</a>, încălzit la roșu. Acest metal se combină cu urmele de <a href="/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen">oxigen</a>, formând <a href="/wiki/Oxid_de_magneziu" title="Oxid de magneziu">oxid de magneziu</a> (MgO), și cu azotul dând nitrura de magneziu (MgN). Gazul rezidual s-a dovedit a fi complet inert din punct de vedere chimic; el avea densitatea mai mare decât azotul și prezenta un spectru caracteristic, deosebit de al elementelor cunoscute. Noul element a fost numit <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> (= inactiv) (Ramsay, <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>). </p><p>Se știa mai de mult că unele minerale pun în liberate un gaz inert, când sunt calcinate sau prin dizolvare în <a href="/wiki/Acid_sulfuric" title="Acid sulfuric">acid sulfuric</a>. După descoperirea argonului, cercetând gazul izolat pe această cale din mineralul de <a href="/wiki/Uraniu" title="Uraniu">uraniu</a>, cleveita, Ramsay a constatat (<a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>) că acest gaz avea un <a href="/wiki/Spectru" class="mw-disambig" title="Spectru">spectru</a> identic cu al unui element necunoscut pe atunci pe <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83m%C3%A2nt" title="Pământ">Pământ</a>, dar pus în evidență cu mult timp înainte (<a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>) în <a href="/wiki/Soare" title="Soare">Soare</a> și numit <a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">heliu</a> (din gr. <i>helios</i>=soare). </p><p>După descoperirea heliului și a argonului, cu mase atomice (rotunjite) 4 și 40, Ramsay a atribuit heliului primul loc după <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>, în <a href="/wiki/Sistemul_periodic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistemul periodic">sistemul periodic</a>, iar argonului primul loc după <a href="/wiki/Clor" title="Clor">clor</a>. Ținând seama de principiul de construcție a sistemului periodic, era de așteptat ca în afară de heliu și argon să existe și alte elemente cu proprietăți asemănătoare, unul situat după F, altul după Br și un al treilea după I. Pentru acestea Ramsay a calculat masele atomice aproximative: 20, 82 și 129. Mai târziu (Ramsay, <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>) s-a constatat că argonul brut conține cele trei elemente prezise (cu mase atomice reale: 20,2; 83,8 și respectiv 131,3), care au fost numite <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">kripton</a> și <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a>. Ele au fost separate prin <a href="/wiki/Lichefiere" title="Lichefiere">lichefierea</a> și <a href="/wiki/Distilare" title="Distilare">distilarea</a> fracționată a argonului brut. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radonul</a> (emanația radiului), descoperit în <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a> de Rutherford, ia naștere prin transformarea elementului radioactiv <a href="/wiki/Radiu" title="Radiu">radiu</a> și este el însuși radioactiv. Alte elemente radioactive, <a href="/wiki/Toriu" class="mw-redirect" title="Toriu">thhoriul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Protactiniu" title="Protactiniu">protactiniul</a>, dau naștere și ele unor emanații, care sunt izotopi ai radonului. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stare_naturală"><span id="Stare_natural.C4.83"></span>Stare naturală</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Stare naturală" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Stare naturală"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toate gazele rare (cu excepția radonului) se găsesc în atmosferă. Conținutul de argon este de aproximativ 1%. Heliul se mai găsește în toate mineralele conținând elemente radioactive uraniu și thoriu, cum sunt <a href="/wiki/Monazit" title="Monazit">monazitul</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorianit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thorianit — pagină inexistentă">thorianitul</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cleveit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cleveit — pagină inexistentă">cleveitul</a> (varietate de <a href="/wiki/Uraninit" title="Uraninit">uraninit</a>) și provine din transformările radioactive ale acestor elemente. Sursa cea mai bogată de heliu sunt gazele naturale emanând din pământ în diverse regiuni ale globului și care sunt compuse, în cea mai mare parte, din metan și azot. Unele zăcăminte de gaze naturale din America de Nord conțin câteva procente de heliu. Heliul din aceste gaze provine tot din elemente radioactive. Deși relativ rar pe pământ, heliul este, după hidrogen, cel mai abundent element din univers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proprietăți_fizice"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_fizice"></span>Proprietăți fizice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți fizice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietăți fizice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right" style="margin-left:1em"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <th>Proprietatea </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th>Gazul </th> <th>nobil </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> <td>Nume element</td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">Heliu</a></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kripton</a></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a></div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a></div> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>Număr atomic Z</td> <td><div style="text-align:center">2</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">10</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">18</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> 36</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> 54</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> 86</div> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> <td>Densitate (g/dm³)</td> <td><div style="text-align:center">0,1786</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">0,9002</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">1,7818</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">3,708</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">5,851</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">9,97</div> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>Rază atomică (nm)</td> <td><div style="text-align:center">0,050</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">0,070</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">0,094</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">0,109</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">0,130</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-</div> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> <td>Punct de fierbere (°C)</td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-268,83</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-245,92</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-185,81</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-151,7</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-106,6</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-62</div> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>Punct de topire (°C)</td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-272</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-248,52</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-189,6</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-157</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-111,5</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-71</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Gazele rare formează <a href="/wiki/Molecul%C4%83" title="Moleculă">molecule</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaz_monoatomic" title="Gaz monoatomic">monoatomice</a>. Acest fapt s-a stabilit pe baza raportului dintre căldura molară la presiune constantă și căldura molară la volum constant, C<sub>p</sub>/C<sub>v</sub>, care este egal cu 5/3=1,666, în conformitate cu <a href="/wiki/Teoria_cinetic%C4%83_a_gazelor" title="Teoria cinetică a gazelor">teoria cinetică a gazelor</a>. În consecință, la gazele rare, masele atomice sunt egale cu cele moleculare. Acestea au fost determinate din densități, prin aplicarea <a href="/wiki/Legea_lui_Avogadro" title="Legea lui Avogadro">legii lui Avogadro</a>. </p><p>Gazele rare sunt incolore și inodore. Punctele lor de <a href="/wiki/Topire" title="Topire">topire</a> și de <a href="/wiki/Fierbere" title="Fierbere">fierbere</a> sunt cu atât mai joase, cu cât <a href="/wiki/Mas%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Masă atomică">masa atomică</a> este mai mică. </p><p>Heliul este, dintre toate gazele, cel mai greu de lichefiat, căci punctul său de fierbere este de numai 4,2 K. Punctul de topire al heliului variază cu presiunea mult mai mult decât al celorlalte elemente. La 25,3 atm, punctul de topire al heliului este de 1,13 K; la 140 atm, el este de 4,21 K, la 70 atm este de 50 K, iar la 100 000 atm se poate obține heliu solid, la temperatura camerei. La presiunea atmosferică, punctul de topire al heliului este atât de apropiat de 0°K, încât este probabil că el nu va putea fi atins. </p><p>Căldurile de topire ale gazelor rare au valori extrem de mici (0,0033 kcal•mol pentru heliu, la -270 °C și 0,265 kcal•mol pentru argon, la -189 °C). De asemenea au valori mici și căldurile de vaporizare (0,022 kcal•mol pentru argon la -180 °C). Rezultă de aici că forțele de atracție dintre atomii gazelor rare sunt extrem de slabe. </p><p>Gazele rare sunt relativ solubile în apă. Astfel 1 litru de apă de 20 °C dizolvă la 1 atmosferă 8,8 cm³ de heliu și 33,6 cm³ de argon (volumele gazelor sunt reduse la 0 °C și 1 atmosferă). <a href="/wiki/Solubilitate" title="Solubilitate">Solubilitatea</a> în apă scade cu temperatura și crește cu presiunea. Dacă se răcesc sub 0 °C soluțiile obținute sub presiune ale gazelor rare din apă, cristalizează hidrați ai gazelor rare. În acești hidrați, forțele care leagă atomul gazului de moleculele apei sunt forțe Van der Waals. Aceste forțe unesc și atomii gazelor rare în cristalele lor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proprietăți_chimice"><span id="Propriet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_chimice"></span>Proprietăți chimice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Proprietăți chimice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietăți chimice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right" style="margin-left:1em"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <th>Perioada </th> <th>Element </th> <th>Simbol </th> <th>Nr. atomic </th> <th>Înveliș electronic </th> <th>Stare de oxidare </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td></td> <td>(<b>Gaz nobil</b>)</td> <td></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">(<b>Z</b>)</div> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> <td><div style="text-align:center">I</div></td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">Heliu</a></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">He</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center"> 2</div></td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-</div> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td><div style="text-align:center">II</div></td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">Ne</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">10</div></td> <td>[He] 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-</div> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> <td><div style="text-align:center">III</div></td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">Ar</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">18</div></td> <td>[Ne] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">-</div> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td><div style="text-align:center">IV</div></td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kripton</a></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">Kr</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">36</div></td> <td>[Ar] 4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup></td> <td> +2 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> <td><div style="text-align:center">V</div></td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">Xe</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">54</div></td> <td>[Kr] 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>6</sup></td> <td> +2, +4, +6, +8 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td><div style="text-align:center">VI</div></td> <td> <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">Rn</div></td> <td><div style="text-align:center">86</div></td> <td>[Xe] 6s<sup>2</sup> 4f<sup>14</sup> 6d<sup>10</sup> 6p<sup>6</sup></td> <td> +2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Deși au inerție chimică mare, gazele nobile pot forma unele combinații chimice, unele chiar stabile. </p><p>Heliul ocupă, ca și hidrogenul, un loc aparte în sistemul periodic. Aceste două elemente, ce nu se încadrează în niciuna din grupele sistemului periodic, sunt singurele al căror înveliș electronic are un singur strat (K), cu un singur orbital, 1s. Hidrogenul, cu acest orbital ocupat incomplet de un singur electron (1s<sup>1</sup>), este elementul care dă cel mai mare număr de combinații, în timp ce heliul, care prezintă cea mai stabilă configurație electronică (1s<sup>2</sup>) și are, din această cauză, cel mai ridicat potențial de ionizare dintre toate elementele, este cel mai inert element chimic cunoscut. </p><p>Reactivitatea gazelor rare crește cu numărul atomic, Z. Până în prezent nu s-au putut obține combinații stabile ale primelor trei gaze rare. A putut fi pusă însă în evidență existența, în fază gazoasă, a unor ioni instabili HeH și ArH și a unor molecule (He) și (Ne). Calculele teoretice nu exclud posibilitatea unor compuși stabili ai argonului. </p><p>Kriptonul are o reactivitate redusă; se cunosc numai puține combinații ale acestui element. În schimb xenonul se combină ușor cu fluorul. Fluorurile xenonului dau reacții variate, și din ele s-au obținut un număr relativ mare de combinații ale acestui element. </p><p>Radonul este un element radioactiv. Izotopul său cel mai stabil, cu număr de masă 222, are un timp de înjumătățire de numai 3,8 zile. Din această cauză, chimia radonului este puțin studiată, deși este de așteptat ca acest element să fie cel mai activ dintre gazele rare. </p><p>Gazele rare au potențial de ionizare mare (de-a lungul fiecărei perioade, se atinge potențialul maxim de ionizare la gazul rar respectiv). Acesta scade însă cu numărul atomic și la xenon are o valoare mai mică decât cel al unor elemente ușoare, cum sunt hidrogenul, azotul, oxigenul, fluorul și clorul, care toate dau ușor combinații. Potențialul de ionizare al radonului, apropiat de cel al mercurului, este mai scăzut decât la xenon, așa încât este de așteptat o creștere a reactivității de la xenon la radon. </p><p>În toate combinațiile cunoscute, kriptonul și xenonul se leagă covalent de atomi de halogen sau oxigen. Singura combinație a radonului bine studiată, RnF, este însă ionică. Radonul are deci un caracter mai „metalic” decât omologii săi inferiori. La trecerea de la Ar la Kr și de la Kr la Xe se completează cu electroni orbitalii 3d, 4s și 4p, respectiv 4d, 5s și 5p, adică se adaugă câte 18 electroni la învelișul electronic al gazului nobil precedent. La trecerea de la Xe la Rn se completează în afara orbitalilor 5d, 6s și 6p și orbitalul 4f, deci se adaugă în total 32 de electroni. În consecință, este de așteptat o diferențiere mai mare între proprietățile compușilor radonului și ai celorlalte gaze rare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obținere"><span id="Ob.C8.9Binere"></span>Obținere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Obținere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Obținere"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Două surse naturale sunt importante pentru obținerea gazelor rare: aerul pentru He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe și gazele naturale pentru He. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izolarea_din_aerul_atmosferic">Izolarea din aerul atmosferic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Izolarea din aerul atmosferic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Izolarea din aerul atmosferic"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pentru izolarea gazelor rare din atmosferă, pe scară mai mare, se folosește aparatura pentru lichefierea aerului după Linde. Fracținea de aer care rămâe nelichefiată conține heliul și neonul, căci aceste două gaze au puncte de fierbere mai scăzute decât celelalte gaze din aer și, din această cauză, se lichefiază mai greu. Aerul lichid obținut conține argonul și gazele rare mai grele. Prin distilări fracționate repetate, se obține un concentrat în gaze rare. Din acesta, oxigenul și micile cantități de azot rămase se îndepărtează pe cale chimică, prin combinare cu magneziu, calciu metalic sau un amestec de oxid de calciu, magneziu și sodiu metalic. Se obține astfel un amestec de argon, kripton și xenon, care pentru multe scopuri practice se utilizează ca atare. (ca materie primă pentru acest amestec se poate folosi și gazul rezidual de la fabricarea amoniacului). Pentru a izola kriptonul din acest argon brut, el este supus unor distilații fracționate repetate. Kriptonul se obține cel mai greu căci este fracțiunea mijlocie. </p><p>Cu mare succes se utilizează, pentru separarea gazelor rare, proprietatea cărbunelui activ de a fixa pe suprafața sa foarte mare, de a absorbi, aceste gaze la temperatura joasă (răcire cu aer lichid). Din amestecul de gaze rare, cărbunele absoarbe cel mai ușor pe cel cu masa atomică cea mai mare, deci întâi xenonul, apoi kriptonul, etc. Prin încălzirea cărbunelui la temperatura camerei, gazul absorbit este apoi pus în libertate. Dacă se absoarbe complet amestecul celor trei gaze, argon, kripton, xenon, și se încălzește încetul cu încetul, se desoarbe întâi argonul, apoi kriptonul și la urmă xenonul. </p><p>Cu ajutorul cărbunelui activ se poate separa și amestecul de neon și heliu izolat din fracțiunea necondensată a aerului lichid, în modul descris mai sus; heliul, cel mai greu condensabil dintre toate gazele rare, nu se absoarbe pe cărbune activ răcit în aer lichid, în timp ce neonul este reținut de cărbune. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izolarea_din_gazele_naturale">Izolarea din gazele naturale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Izolarea din gazele naturale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Izolarea din gazele naturale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Din gazele naturale, heliul se izolează prin același procedeu. La temperatura aerului lichid se absorb de cărbune toate componentele gazului mai puțin heliul și hidrogenul. Heliul se separă ușor de hidrogen prin combinarea acestuia cu oxigenul. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Glowing_noble_gases.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Glowing_noble_gases.jpg/220px-Glowing_noble_gases.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Glowing_noble_gases.jpg/330px-Glowing_noble_gases.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Glowing_noble_gases.jpg/440px-Glowing_noble_gases.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6250" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption>Spectre</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Întrebuințări"><span id=".C3.8Entrebuin.C8.9B.C4.83ri"></span>Întrebuințări</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Întrebuințări" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Întrebuințări"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heliul, mai ușor decât <a href="/wiki/Aer" title="Aer">aerul</a>, a fost folosit pentru umplerea <a href="/wiki/Dirijabil" title="Dirijabil">baloanelor dirijabile</a>, înlocuind hidrogenul, față de care are avantajul de a nu fi inflamabil. </p><p>Gazele rare se întrebuințează pentru realizarea unei atmosfere inerte în acele procese fizice și chimice în care <a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">azotul</a>, folosit de obicei pentru acest scop, nu este destul de inert. Astfel heliul sau argonul se utilizează în <a href="/wiki/Metalurgie" title="Metalurgie">metalurgia</a> <a href="/wiki/Titan" title="Titan">titanului</a>. Becurile electrice cu atmosferă de gaz inert se umplu cu argon brut. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tub_de_desc%C4%83rcare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tub de descărcare — pagină inexistentă">Tuburi de descărcare</a> de forme diferite umplute cu neon (portocaliu intens) și cu argon (albastru) se folosesc pe scară mare pentru firme luminoase. Heliul se mai folosește ca gaz purtător în cromatografia gaz-lichid, în tehnica <a href="/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură">temperaturilor</a> foarte joase, sau (în amestec cu 15-21% oxigen) ca gaz de respirat în scufundările submarine autonome la mari adâncimi. Amestecuri de heliu cu neon se utilizează în <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">lasere</a> cu gaz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descărcări_electrice_în_gaze_nobile"><span id="Desc.C4.83rc.C4.83ri_electrice_.C3.AEn_gaze_nobile"></span>Descărcări electrice în gaze nobile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Descărcări electrice în gaze nobile" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Descărcări electrice în gaze nobile"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:1em auto"> <caption>Culorile și spectrele (ultimul rând) produse de descărcările electrice în gaze nobile; al doilea rând reprezintă gaze pure. </caption> <tbody><tr> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Helium-glow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Glass tube shining violet light with a wire wound over it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Helium-glow.jpg/120px-Helium-glow.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Helium-glow.jpg/180px-Helium-glow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Helium-glow.jpg/240px-Helium-glow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="1092" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Neon-glow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Glass tube shining orange light with a wire wound over it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Neon-glow.jpg/120px-Neon-glow.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Neon-glow.jpg/180px-Neon-glow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Neon-glow.jpg/240px-Neon-glow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="1216" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Argon-glow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Glass tube shining purple light with a wire wound over it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Argon-glow.jpg/120px-Argon-glow.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Argon-glow.jpg/180px-Argon-glow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Argon-glow.jpg/240px-Argon-glow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="968" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Krypton-glow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Glass tube shining white light with a wire wound over it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Krypton-glow.jpg/120px-Krypton-glow.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Krypton-glow.jpg/180px-Krypton-glow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Krypton-glow.jpg/240px-Krypton-glow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="1016" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Xenon-glow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Glass tube shining blue light with a wire wound over it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Xenon-glow.jpg/120px-Xenon-glow.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Xenon-glow.jpg/180px-Xenon-glow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Xenon-glow.jpg/240px-Xenon-glow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Helium_discharge_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Glass tube shining light red" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Helium_discharge_tube.jpg/120px-Helium_discharge_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Helium_discharge_tube.jpg/180px-Helium_discharge_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Helium_discharge_tube.jpg/240px-Helium_discharge_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2008" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Neon_discharge_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Glass tube shining reddish-orange" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Neon_discharge_tube.jpg/120px-Neon_discharge_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Neon_discharge_tube.jpg/180px-Neon_discharge_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Neon_discharge_tube.jpg/240px-Neon_discharge_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2008" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Argon_discharge_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Glass tube shining purple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Argon_discharge_tube.jpg/120px-Argon_discharge_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Argon_discharge_tube.jpg/180px-Argon_discharge_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Argon_discharge_tube.jpg/240px-Argon_discharge_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2008" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Krypton_discharge_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Glass tube shining bluish-white" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Krypton_discharge_tube.jpg/120px-Krypton_discharge_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Krypton_discharge_tube.jpg/180px-Krypton_discharge_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Krypton_discharge_tube.jpg/240px-Krypton_discharge_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2008" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Xenon_discharge_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Glass tube shining bluish-violet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Xenon_discharge_tube.jpg/120px-Xenon_discharge_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Xenon_discharge_tube.jpg/180px-Xenon_discharge_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Xenon_discharge_tube.jpg/240px-Xenon_discharge_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2008" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:HeTube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illuminated light red gas discharge tubes shaped as letters H and e" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/HeTube.jpg/120px-HeTube.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/HeTube.jpg/180px-HeTube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/HeTube.jpg/240px-HeTube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:NeTube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illuminated orange gas discharge tubes shaped as letters N and e" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/NeTube.jpg/120px-NeTube.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/NeTube.jpg/180px-NeTube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/NeTube.jpg/240px-NeTube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:ArTube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illuminated light blue gas discharge tubes shaped as letters A and r" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/ArTube.jpg/120px-ArTube.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/ArTube.jpg/180px-ArTube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/ArTube.jpg/240px-ArTube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:KrTube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illuminated white gas discharge tubes shaped as letters K and r" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/KrTube.jpg/120px-KrTube.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/KrTube.jpg/180px-KrTube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/KrTube.jpg/240px-KrTube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:XeTube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illuminated violet gas discharge tubes shaped as letters X and e" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/XeTube.jpg/120px-XeTube.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/XeTube.jpg/180px-XeTube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/XeTube.jpg/240px-XeTube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Helium_spectra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Helium line spectrum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Helium_spectra.jpg/120px-Helium_spectra.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Helium_spectra.jpg/180px-Helium_spectra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Helium_spectra.jpg/240px-Helium_spectra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="63" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Neon_spectra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Neon line spectrum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Neon_spectra.jpg/120px-Neon_spectra.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Neon_spectra.jpg/180px-Neon_spectra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Neon_spectra.jpg/240px-Neon_spectra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Argon_Spectrum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Argon line spectrum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Argon_Spectrum.png/120px-Argon_Spectrum.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Argon_Spectrum.png/180px-Argon_Spectrum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Argon_Spectrum.png/240px-Argon_Spectrum.png 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Krypton_Spectrum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Krypton line spectrum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Krypton_Spectrum.jpg/120px-Krypton_Spectrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Krypton_Spectrum.jpg/180px-Krypton_Spectrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Krypton_Spectrum.jpg/240px-Krypton_Spectrum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Xenon_Spectrum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Xenon line spectrum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Xenon_Spectrum.jpg/120px-Xenon_Spectrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Xenon_Spectrum.jpg/180px-Xenon_Spectrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Xenon_Spectrum.jpg/240px-Xenon_Spectrum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu">Heliu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kripton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chimie generală, C. D. Nenițescu, Editura Didactică și Pedagogică București</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaz_nobil&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalin" title="Metal alcalin">Metal alcalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino-p%C4%83m%C3%A2ntos" title="Metal alcalino-pământos">Metal alcalino-pământos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantanide" title="Lantanide">Lantanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinid">Actinid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_de_tranzi%C8%9Bie" title="Metal de tranziție">Metal de tranziție</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_de_post-tranzi%C8%9Bie" title="Metal de post-tranziție">Metal de post-tranziție</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemetal" title="Nemetal">Nemetal</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint tright portal" style="border:solid #aaa 1px; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0.5em;"> <table style="background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f9f9f9); color:inherit; font-size:85%; line-height:110%; max-width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png/28px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png/42px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png/56px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Chimie" title="Portal:Chimie">Portal Chimie </a></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Serii_chimice_ale_tabelului_periodic" title="Format:Serii chimice ale tabelului periodic"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Serii_chimice_ale_tabelului_periodic" title="Discuție Format:Serii chimice ale tabelului periodic"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Serii_chimice_ale_tabelului_periodic&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;">Serii chimice ale <a href="/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor">tabelului periodic</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalin" title="Metal alcalin">Metale alcaline</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino-p%C4%83m%C3%A2ntos" title="Metal alcalino-pământos">Metale alcalino-pământoase</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lantanide" title="Lantanide">Lantanide</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinide</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Superactinide" title="Superactinide">Superactinide</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Metal_de_tranzi%C8%9Bie" title="Metal de tranziție">Metale de tranziție</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">Metale</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloizi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nemetal" title="Nemetal">Nemetale</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">Halogeni</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaze nobile</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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