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<li id="toc-Vaudeville_and_close_harmonies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaudeville_and_close_harmonies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Vaudeville and close harmonies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaudeville_and_close_harmonies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1955–1970:_The_golden_age_of_girl_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1955–1970:_The_golden_age_of_girl_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1955–1970: The golden age of girl groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1955–1970:_The_golden_age_of_girl_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1966–1989:_Changes_in_formats_and_genres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1966–1989:_Changes_in_formats_and_genres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1966–1989: Changes in formats and genres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1966–1989:_Changes_in_formats_and_genres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990–present:_Dance_pop_girl_group_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990–present:_Dance_pop_girl_group_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1990–present: Dance pop girl group era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990–present:_Dance_pop_girl_group_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_R&B_and_hip_hop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_R&B_and_hip_hop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>American R&B and hip hop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_R&B_and_hip_hop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Second_British_Invasion_and_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Second_British_Invasion_and_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>The Second British Invasion and Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Second_British_Invasion_and_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergence_of_Asian_dance-pop_girl_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergence_of_Asian_dance-pop_girl_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>Emergence of Asian dance-pop girl groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergence_of_Asian_dance-pop_girl_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Themes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Themes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Themes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adolescence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adolescence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Adolescence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adolescence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Feminism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Girl group</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فرقة فتيات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرقة فتيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_group" title="Girl group – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Girl group" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ADv%C4%8D%C3%AD_skupina" title="Dívčí skupina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dívčí skupina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girlgroup" title="Girlgroup – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Girlgroup" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_group" title="Girl group – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Girl group" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="گروه دخترانه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه دخترانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_group" title="Girl group – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Girl group" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B8_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%B9" title="걸 그룹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="걸 그룹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_group" title="Girl group – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Girl group" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A8%D6%80%D5%AC_%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Գըրլ բենդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գըրլ բենդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_vokal_wanita" title="Grup vokal wanita – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Grup vokal wanita" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%BAlknahlj%C3%B3msveit" title="Stúlknahljómsveit – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stúlknahljómsveit" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_group" title="Girl group – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Girl group" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="להקת בנות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="להקת בנות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1nyegy%C3%BCttes" title="Lányegyüttes – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lányegyüttes" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_vokal_wanita" title="Grup vokal wanita – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Grup vokal wanita" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_vokal_padusi" title="Grup vokal padusi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Grup vokal padusi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meidengroep" title="Meidengroep – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meidengroep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97" title="ガール・グループ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガール・グループ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jentegruppe" title="Jentegruppe – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jentegruppe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girls_band" title="Girls band – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Girls band" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_group" title="Girl group – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Girl group" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BB-%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Гёрл-группа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гёрл-группа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D2%95%D3%A9" title="Кыыс бөлөҕө – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кыыс бөлөҕө" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_group" title="Girl group – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Girl group" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Девојачка група – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Девојачка група" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devoja%C4%8Dka_grupa" title="Devojačka grupa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Devojačka grupa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tytt%C3%B6b%C3%A4ndi" title="Tyttöbändi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tyttöbändi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9B" title="เกิร์ลกรุป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกิร์ลกรุป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1z_grubu" title="Kız grubu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kız grubu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Жіночий гурт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жіночий гурт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nh%E1%BA%A1c_n%E1%BB%AF" title="Nhóm nhạc nữ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm nhạc nữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%9C%98" title="女團 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="女團" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88" title="女子音乐组合 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="女子音乐组合" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q641066#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Girls_Aloud_-_Deadlines_%26_Diets_%28WWTNST%29.jpg/200px-Girls_Aloud_-_Deadlines_%26_Diets_%28WWTNST%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Girls_Aloud_-_Deadlines_%26_Diets_%28WWTNST%29.jpg/300px-Girls_Aloud_-_Deadlines_%26_Diets_%28WWTNST%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Girls_Aloud_-_Deadlines_%26_Diets_%28WWTNST%29.jpg/400px-Girls_Aloud_-_Deadlines_%26_Diets_%28WWTNST%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="1691" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Girls_Aloud" title="Girls Aloud">Girls Aloud</a> (pictured in 2005) an example of a girl group.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>girl group</b> is a music act featuring three or more <a href="/wiki/Women_in_music" title="Women in music">female singers</a> who generally <a href="/wiki/Vocal_harmony" title="Vocal harmony">harmonize</a> together. The term "girl group" is also used in a narrower sense in the United States to denote the wave of American female <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a> singing groups, many of whom were influenced by <a href="/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop">doo-wop</a> and which flourished in the late <a href="/wiki/1950s_in_music" title="1950s in music">1950s</a> and early <a href="/wiki/1960s_in_music" title="1960s in music">1960s</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll#Decline_and_later_developments" title="Rock and roll">decline of early rock and roll</a> and start of the <a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/All-female_band" title="All-female band">All-female bands</a>, in which members also play instruments, are usually considered a separate phenomenon. These groups are sometimes called "girl bands" to differentiate,<sup id="cite_ref-30m_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30m-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this terminology is not universally followed. </p><p>With the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">music industry</a> and radio broadcasting, a number of girl groups emerged, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Andrews_Sisters" title="The Andrews Sisters">the Andrews Sisters</a>. The late 1950s saw the emergence of all-female singing groups as a major force, with 750 distinct girl groups releasing songs that reached US and UK music charts from 1960 to 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-girl-groups.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-girl-groups.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">The Supremes</a> alone held 12 number-one singles on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a> during the height of the wave and throughout most of the British Invasion rivaled the Beatles in popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-Supremes_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Supremes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In later eras, the girl group template would be applied to <a href="/wiki/Disco_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Disco music">disco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">contemporary R&B</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a>-based formats, as well as <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a>. A more globalized music industry gave rise to the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">dance-oriented pop music</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led by major record labels. This emergence, led by the US, UK, South Korea and Japan, produced popular acts, with eight groups debuting after 1990 having <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_girl_groups" title="List of best-selling girl groups">sold more than 15 million physical copies of their albums</a>. With the <a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">Spice Girls</a>, the 1990s also saw the <a href="/wiki/Target_market" title="Target market">target market</a> for girl groups shift from a male audience to an increasingly female one.<sup id="cite_ref-johnharlow_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnharlow-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-andrewsmith_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-andrewsmith-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2010s, the <a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">K-pop</a> phenomenon led to the rise of successful girl groups including <a href="/wiki/Girls%27_Generation" title="Girls' Generation">Girls' Generation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twice" title="Twice">Twice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blackpink" title="Blackpink">Blackpink</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vaudeville_and_close_harmonies">Vaudeville and close harmonies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vaudeville and close harmonies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the first major all-female groups was the <a href="/wiki/Three_X_Sisters" title="Three X Sisters">Hamilton Sisters and Fordyce</a>, an American trio who successfully toured England and parts of Europe in 1927, recorded and appeared on BBC radio –  they toured the US variety and big-time theaters extensively, and later changed their stage name to the <a href="/wiki/Three_X_Sisters" title="Three X Sisters">Three X Sisters</a>. The band was together from 1923 until the early 1940s, and known for their close harmonies, as well as barbershop style or novelty tunes, and utilized their 1930s radio success.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Three X Sisters were also especially a notable addition to the music scene, and predicted later girl group success by maintaining their popularity throughout the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Boswell_Sisters" title="The Boswell Sisters">The Boswell Sisters</a>, who became one of the most popular singing groups from 1930 to 1936, had over twenty hits. <a href="/wiki/The_Andrews_Sisters" title="The Andrews Sisters">The Andrews Sisters</a> started in 1937 as a Boswell tribute band and continued recording and performing through the 1940s into the late-1960s, achieving more record sales, more Billboard hits, more million-sellers, and more movie appearances than any other girl group to date.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Andrews Sisters had musical hits across multiple genres, which contributed to the prevalence and popularity of the girl group form.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1955–1970:_The_golden_age_of_girl_groups"><span id="1955.E2.80.931970:_The_golden_age_of_girl_groups"></span>1955–1970: The golden age of girl groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1955–1970: The golden age of girl groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the rock era began, <a href="/wiki/Close_harmony" class="mw-redirect" title="Close harmony">close harmony</a> acts like <a href="/wiki/The_Chordettes" title="The Chordettes">the Chordettes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Fontane_Sisters" title="The Fontane Sisters">the Fontane Sisters</a>, the <a href="/wiki/McGuire_Sisters" class="mw-redirect" title="McGuire Sisters">McGuire Sisters</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_DeCastro_Sisters" title="The DeCastro Sisters">the DeCastro Sisters</a> remained popular, with the first three acts topping the pop charts and the last reaching number two, at the end of 1954 to the beginning of 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, <a href="/wiki/The_Lennon_Sisters" title="The Lennon Sisters">the Lennon Sisters</a> were a mainstay on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lawrence_Welk_Show" title="The Lawrence Welk Show">the Lawrence Welk Show</a></i> from 1955 on. In early 1956, <a href="/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop">doo-wop</a> <a href="/wiki/One-hit_wonder" title="One-hit wonder">one-hit wonder</a> acts like <a href="/wiki/The_Bonnie_Sisters" title="The Bonnie Sisters">the Bonnie Sisters</a> with "Cry Baby" and <a href="/wiki/The_Teen_Queens" title="The Teen Queens">the Teen Queens</a> with "<a href="/wiki/Eddie_My_Love" title="Eddie My Love">Eddie My Love</a>" showed early promise for a departure from traditional pop harmonies. With "<a href="/wiki/Mr._Lee_(song)" title="Mr. Lee (song)">Mr. Lee</a>", <a href="/wiki/The_Bobbettes" title="The Bobbettes">the Bobbettes</a> lasted for <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> months on the charts in 1957, building momentum and gaining further acceptance of all-female, all-<a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black</a> vocal groups.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, it was <a href="/wiki/The_Chantels" title="The Chantels">the Chantels</a>' 1958 song "<a href="/wiki/Maybe_(The_Chantels_song)" title="Maybe (The Chantels song)">Maybe</a>" that became "arguably, the first true glimmering of the girl group sound".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonianmag.com_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonianmag.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "mixture of black doo-wop, rock and roll, and white pop"<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was appealing to a teenage audience and grew from scandals involving <a href="/wiki/Payola" title="Payola">payola</a> and the perceived <a href="/wiki/Social_effects_of_rock_music" title="Social effects of rock music">social effects of rock music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, early groups such as the Chantels started developing their groups' musical capacities traditionally, through mediums like Latin and choir music.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The success of the Chantels and others was followed by an enormous rise in girl groups with varying skills and experience, with the music industry's typical racially segregated genre labels of R&B and pop slowly breaking apart.<sup id="cite_ref-smithsonianmag.com_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonianmag.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This rise also allowed a semblance of class mobility to groups of people who often could not otherwise gain such success, and "forming vocal groups together and cutting records gave them access to other opportunities toward professional advancement and personal growth, expanding the idea of girlhood as an identity across race and class lines."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group often considered to have achieved the first sustained success in girl group genre is <a href="/wiki/The_Shirelles" title="The Shirelles">the Shirelles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who first reached the <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Top_40_(Pop_Songs)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainstream Top 40 (Pop Songs)">Top 40</a> with "<a href="/wiki/Tonight%27s_the_Night_(The_Shirelles_song)" title="Tonight's the Night (The Shirelles song)">Tonight's the Night</a>", and in 1961, became the first girl group to reach number one on the <a href="/wiki/Hot_100" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot 100">Hot 100</a> with "<a href="/wiki/Will_You_Love_Me_Tomorrow" title="Will You Love Me Tomorrow">Will You Love Me Tomorrow</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> written by songwriters <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Goffin" title="Gerry Goffin">Gerry Goffin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a> at <a href="/wiki/1650_Broadway" class="mw-redirect" title="1650 Broadway">1650 Broadway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-turner_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turner-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Shirelles" title="The Shirelles">The Shirelles</a> solidified their success with five more top 10 hits, most particularly 1962's number one hit "<a href="/wiki/Soldier_Boy_(The_Shirelles_song)" title="Soldier Boy (The Shirelles song)">Soldier Boy</a>", over the next two and a half years. "<a href="/wiki/Please_Mr._Postman" title="Please Mr. Postman">Please Mr. Postman</a>" by <a href="/wiki/The_Marvelettes" title="The Marvelettes">the Marvelettes</a> became a major indication of the racial integration of popular music, as it was the first number one song in the US for African-American owned label, <a href="/wiki/Motown_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown Records">Motown Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown</a> would mastermind several major girl groups, including <a href="/wiki/Martha_and_the_Vandellas" title="Martha and the Vandellas">Martha and the Vandellas</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Velvelettes" title="The Velvelettes">the Velvelettes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">the Supremes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-turner_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turner-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Please_Mr._Postman_album.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Please_Mr._Postman_album.JPG/100px-Please_Mr._Postman_album.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Please_Mr._Postman_album.JPG/150px-Please_Mr._Postman_album.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Please_Mr._Postman_album.JPG/200px-Please_Mr._Postman_album.JPG 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Other songwriters and producers in the US and UK quickly recognized the potential of this new approach and recruited existing acts (or, in some cases, created new ones) to record their songs in a girl group style. <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a> recruited <a href="/wiki/The_Crystals" title="The Crystals">the Crystals</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Blossoms" title="The Blossoms">the Blossoms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Ronettes" title="The Ronettes">the Ronettes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Goffin and King penned two hit songs for <a href="/wiki/The_Cookies" title="The Cookies">the Cookies</a>. Phil Spector made a huge impact on the ubiquity of the girl group, as well as bringing fame and notoriety to new heights for many girl groups. Phil Spector's so-called <a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a>, which used layers of instruments to create a more potent sound<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowed girl groups to sing powerfully and in different styles than earlier generations. <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Leiber_and_Mike_Stoller" title="Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller">Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller</a> would likewise foster <a href="/wiki/The_Exciters" title="The Exciters">the Exciters</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Dixie_Cups" title="The Dixie Cups">the Dixie Cups</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Shangri-Las" title="The Shangri-Las">the Shangri-Las</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shangri-Las' hit single, "<a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Pack" title="Leader of the Pack">Leader of the Pack</a>", exemplified the "'<a href="/wiki/Teenage_tragedy_song" title="Teenage tragedy song">death disc</a>' genre" adopted by some girl groups.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These songs usually told the story of teenage love cut short by the death of one of the young lovers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Paris_Sisters" title="The Paris Sisters">The Paris Sisters</a> had success from 1961 to 1964, especially with "<a href="/wiki/I_Love_How_You_Love_Me" title="I Love How You Love Me">I Love How You Love Me</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_Chiffons" title="The Chiffons">The Chiffons</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Angels_(American_group)" title="The Angels (American group)">the Angels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Orlons" title="The Orlons">the Orlons</a> were also prominent in the early 1960s. In early fall 1963 one-hit wonder <a href="/wiki/The_Jaynetts" title="The Jaynetts">the Jaynetts</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Sally_Go_%27Round_the_Roses" title="Sally Go 'Round the Roses">Sally Go 'Round the Roses</a>" achieved a mysterious sound<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> quite unlike that of any other girl group. In 1964, the one-hit wonder group <a href="/wiki/The_Murmaids" title="The Murmaids">the Murmaids</a> took <a href="/wiki/David_Gates" title="David Gates">David Gates</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Popsicles_and_Icicles" title="Popsicles and Icicles">Popsicles and Icicles</a>" to the top 3 in January, <a href="/wiki/The_Carefrees" title="The Carefrees">the Carefrees</a>' "<a href="/wiki/We_Love_You_Beatles" title="We Love You Beatles">We Love You Beatles</a>" scraped the top 40 in April, and <a href="/wiki/The_Jewels" title="The Jewels">the Jewels</a>' "Opportunity" was a small hit in December.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over 750 girl groups were able to chart a song between 1960 and 1966<sup id="cite_ref-girl-groups.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-girl-groups.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the US and UK, although the genre's reach was not as strongly felt in the music industries of other regions. As the youth culture of <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">western Continental Europe</a> was deeply immersed in <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9" title="Yé-yé">Yé-yé</a>, recording artists of East Asia mostly varied from traditional singers, government-sponsored chorus,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or multi-cultural soloists and bands,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova">bossa nova</a> was trendy in Latin America. <a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat music</a>'s global influence eventually pushed out girl groups as a genre and, except for a small number of the foregoing groups and possibly <a href="/wiki/The_Toys" title="The Toys">the Toys</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Inspirations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet Inspirations">Sweet Inspirations</a>, the only girl groups with any significant chart presence from the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a> through 1970 were Motown girl groups with <a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">the Supremes</a> being the only girl group to score number one hits.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distinct girl group sound would not re-emerge until the 21st century, where it would influence modern-day English-speaking pop-soul soloists who have been met with international success, such as <a href="/wiki/Amy_Winehouse" title="Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duffy_(singer)" title="Duffy (singer)">Duffy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melanie_Fiona" title="Melanie Fiona">Melanie Fiona</a> among others. In addition to influencing individual singers, this generation of girl groups cemented the girl group form and sentiment and provided inspiration for many future groups. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1966–1989:_Changes_in_formats_and_genres"><span id="1966.E2.80.931989:_Changes_in_formats_and_genres"></span>1966–1989: Changes in formats and genres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1966–1989: Changes in formats and genres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Labelle_1975.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Labelle_1975.JPG/220px-Labelle_1975.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Labelle_1975.JPG/330px-Labelle_1975.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Labelle_1975.JPG/440px-Labelle_1975.JPG 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Singing group Labelle, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1975</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Entering the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">the Supremes</a> had continued success with top 10 hits "<a href="/wiki/Up_the_Ladder_to_the_Roof" title="Up the Ladder to the Roof">Up the Ladder to the Roof</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Stoned_Love" title="Stoned Love">Stoned Love</a>" along with six other singles charting on Billboard's top 40. Only two other girl groups made top 10 chartings through 1974 with "<a href="/wiki/Want_Ads" title="Want Ads">Want Ads</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Honey_Cone" title="Honey Cone">Honey Cone</a> and "<a href="/wiki/When_Will_I_See_You_Again" title="When Will I See You Again">When Will I See You Again</a>" by <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Degrees" title="The Three Degrees">the Three Degrees</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which had roots in the 1960s and in 1970, like the Chantels in 1958, began their top 40 pop career with "Maybe"). <a href="/wiki/Patti_LaBelle" title="Patti LaBelle">Patti LaBelle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labelle" title="Labelle">the Bluebelles</a> was a US 1960s girl group whose image <a href="/wiki/Vicki_Wickham" title="Vicki Wickham">Vicki Wickham</a>, their manager, helped remake in the early 1970s, renaming the group <a href="/wiki/Labelle" title="Labelle">Labelle</a> and pushing them in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">glam rock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labelle were the first girl group to eschew matching outfits and identical choreography, instead wearing extravagant spacesuits and feathered headdresses.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> craze and beyond, female acts included <a href="/wiki/First_Choice_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Choice (band)">First Choice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver_Convention" title="Silver Convention">Silver Convention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hot_(American_vocal_group)" title="Hot (American vocal group)">Hot</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Emotions" title="The Emotions">the Emotions</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Inergy" title="High Inergy">High Inergy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odyssey_(band)" title="Odyssey (band)">Odyssey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sister_Sledge" title="Sister Sledge">Sister Sledge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jane_Girls" title="Mary Jane Girls">Mary Jane Girls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belle_Epoque_(band)" title="Belle Epoque (band)">Belle Epoque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frantique" title="Frantique">Frantique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luv%27" title="Luv'">Luv'</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baccara" title="Baccara">Baccara</a>. Groups of the 1980s like <a href="/wiki/The_Pointer_Sisters" title="The Pointer Sisters">the Pointer Sisters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expos%C3%A9_(group)" title="Exposé (group)">Exposé</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bananarama" title="Bananarama">Bananarama</a> updated the concept. </p><p>In Latin America, there were a number of dance-oriented popular girl groups during the era, including the <a href="/wiki/Flans" title="Flans">Flans</a>, Pandora and Fandango. </p><p>In Japan, all-female idol groups <a href="/wiki/Candies_(group)" title="Candies (group)">Candies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pink_Lady_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pink Lady (band)">Pink Lady</a> made a series of hits during the 1970s and 1980s as well. The Japanese music program <i><a href="/wiki/Music_Station" title="Music Station">Music Station</a></i> listed Candies and Pink Lady in their Top 50 Idols of All Time (compiled in 2011), placing them at number 32 and number 15, with sales exceeding 5 and 13 million in Japan, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the single "<a href="/wiki/Kiss_in_the_Dark_(Pink_Lady_song)" title="Kiss in the Dark (Pink Lady song)">Kiss in the Dark</a>", Pink Lady was also one of only two Japanese artists to have reached the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Top_40" class="mw-redirect" title="Billboard Top 40">Billboard Top 40</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990–present:_Dance_pop_girl_group_era"><span id="1990.E2.80.93present:_Dance_pop_girl_group_era"></span>1990–present: Dance pop girl group era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1990–present: Dance pop girl group era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="American_R&B_and_hip_hop"><span id="American_R.26B_and_hip_hop"></span>American R&B and hip hop</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: American R&B and hip hop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destiny_Child_at_Super_Bowl_XLVII_halftime_show.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Destiny_Child_at_Super_Bowl_XLVII_halftime_show.jpg/220px-Destiny_Child_at_Super_Bowl_XLVII_halftime_show.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Destiny_Child_at_Super_Bowl_XLVII_halftime_show.jpg/330px-Destiny_Child_at_Super_Bowl_XLVII_halftime_show.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Destiny_Child_at_Super_Bowl_XLVII_halftime_show.jpg/440px-Destiny_Child_at_Super_Bowl_XLVII_halftime_show.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2286" data-file-height="1329" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child" title="Destiny's Child">Destiny's Child</a> are the most comercial successful American girl group of the 2000s.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the rise of <a href="/wiki/New_jack_swing" title="New jack swing">new jack swing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">contemporary R&B</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a>, American girl groups such as <a href="/wiki/En_Vogue" title="En Vogue">En Vogue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expos%C3%A9_(group)" title="Exposé (group)">Exposé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Sensation_(trio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet Sensation (trio)">Sweet Sensation</a> all had singles which hit number one on the charts. Groups in these genres, such as <a href="/wiki/SWV" title="SWV">SWV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xscape_(group)" title="Xscape (group)">Xscape</a>, <a href="/wiki/702_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="702 (band)">702</a>, <a href="/wiki/Total_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Total (group)">Total</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhane" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhane">Zhane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blaque" title="Blaque">Blaque</a>, and <a href="/wiki/3LW" title="3LW">3LW</a>, managed to have songs chart on both the U.S. Hot 100 and the U.S. R&B charts. However, <a href="/wiki/TLC_(group)" title="TLC (group)">TLC</a> achieved the most success for a girl group in an era where contemporary R&B would become global mainstream acceptance.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TLC remains the best-selling American girl group with 65 million records sold, and their second studio album, <i><a href="/wiki/CrazySexyCool" title="CrazySexyCool">CrazySexyCool</a></i> (1994), remains the best-selling album by a girl group in the United States (Diamond certification), while selling over 14 million copies worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Destiny%27s_Child" title="Destiny's Child">Destiny's Child</a> emerged in the late 1990s and sold more than 60 million records.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-to-late-2000s, there was a revival of girl groups. American girl group and dance ensemble <a href="/wiki/The_Pussycat_Dolls" title="The Pussycat Dolls">the Pussycat Dolls</a> achieved worldwide success with their singles. Girl group <a href="/wiki/Danity_Kane" title="Danity Kane">Danity Kane</a> also became the first girl group in Billboard history to have two consecutive number-one albums, as their <a href="/wiki/Danity_Kane_(album)" title="Danity Kane (album)">self-titled debut album</a> (2006) and their second album <i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_the_Dollhouse_(album)" title="Welcome to the Dollhouse (album)">Welcome to the Dollhouse</a></i> (2008) both topped the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MtV.CoM_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MtV.CoM-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Girl groups have now been more popular compared to the early 2000s. </p><p>Girl groups continued their success in the 2010s. <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>-based girl group <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Harmony" title="Fifth Harmony">Fifth Harmony</a> formed in 2012 on <i><a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor_(US_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The X Factor (US TV series)">The X Factor USA</a></i>. They reached international success with their debut album <i><a href="/wiki/Reflection_(Fifth_Harmony_album)" title="Reflection (Fifth Harmony album)">Reflection</a></i>, which featured the hit "<a href="/wiki/Worth_It_(Fifth_Harmony_song)" title="Worth It (Fifth Harmony song)">Worth It</a>". "<a href="/wiki/Work_from_Home_(song)" title="Work from Home (song)">Work from Home</a>", the lead single from their <a href="/wiki/7/27" title="7/27">second studio album</a>, became the first top-five single in the U.S by a girl group in a decade, following the September 2006 peak of "<a href="/wiki/Buttons_(The_Pussycat_Dolls_song)" title="Buttons (The Pussycat Dolls song)">Buttons</a>" by The Pussycat Dolls at number three. "Worth It" and "Work from Home" remain the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed YouTube videos">most-viewed girl group music videos</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Second_British_Invasion_and_Europe">The Second British Invasion and Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Second British Invasion and Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1990s, the British music scene was dominated by boy bands. The only girl group making an impact on the UK charts at the time was <a href="/wiki/Eternal_(group)" title="Eternal (group)">Eternal</a>, but even they "remained largely faceless".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amidst the American domination of the girl group format, the <a href="/wiki/Second_British_Invasion" title="Second British Invasion">Second British Invasion</a> saw the UK's <a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">Spice Girls</a> turn the tide in the mid-1990s, achieving ten number 1 singles in the UK and US. With sold-out concerts, advertisements, merchandise, 86 million worldwide record sales, the best-selling album of all time by a female group,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a film, the Spice Girls became the most commercially successful British group since <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike their predecessors who were marketed at male record buyers, the Spice Girls redefined the girl group concept by going after a young female fanbase instead.<sup id="cite_ref-johnharlow_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnharlow-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-andrewsmith_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-andrewsmith-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sugababes_GWR_Bristol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sugababes_GWR_Bristol.jpg/220px-Sugababes_GWR_Bristol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sugababes_GWR_Bristol.jpg/330px-Sugababes_GWR_Bristol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Sugababes_GWR_Bristol.jpg/440px-Sugababes_GWR_Bristol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>In the 2000s, The <a href="/wiki/Sugababes" title="Sugababes">Sugababes</a> achieved six number one songs on the UK Singles Chart.</figcaption></figure> <p>The cultural movement started by the Spice Girls produced a glut of other similar acts, which include the British-Canadian outfit <a href="/wiki/All_Saints_(group)" title="All Saints (group)">All Saints</a>, Irish girl group <a href="/wiki/B*Witched" title="B*Witched">B*Witched</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Kitten" title="Atomic Kitten">Atomic Kitten</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Honeyz" title="Honeyz">Honeyz</a>, who all achieved varying levels of success during the decade.<sup id="cite_ref-andrewsmith_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-andrewsmith-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the 2000s, girl groups from the UK remained popular, with <a href="/wiki/Girls_Aloud" title="Girls Aloud">Girls Aloud</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Sound_of_the_Underground_(song)" title="Sound of the Underground (song)">Sound of the Underground</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Sugababes" title="Sugababes">Sugababes</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Round_Round" title="Round Round">Round Round</a>" having been called "two huge groundbreaking hits"<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph2_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph2-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> credited with reshaping British pop music for the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-xenomanianews.blogspot.com_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xenomanianews.blogspot.com-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite her being a solo artist, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Winehouse" title="Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse's</a> 2006 album <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_Black" title="Back to Black">Back to Black</a></i> contained heavy influence from 1960s girl groups and garnered Winehouse comparisons to the Ronettes.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UK girl group continued to have success in the 2000s and 2010s, with acts such as <a href="/wiki/Mis-Teeq" title="Mis-Teeq">Mis-Teeq</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Saturdays" title="The Saturdays">the Saturdays</a>, <a href="/wiki/StooShe" class="mw-redirect" title="StooShe">StooShe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Little_Mix" title="Little Mix">Little Mix</a>, one of the successful acts to come from the British version of <i><a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor_(British_TV_series)" title="The X Factor (British TV series)">The X Factor</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Emergence_of_Asian_dance-pop_girl_groups">Emergence of Asian dance-pop girl groups</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Emergence of Asian dance-pop girl groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the emergence of dance-pop focused acts in Asia paralleled their British counterparts in the 1990s, girl groups in Asia sustained as a successful format through the 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japan has <a href="/wiki/Global_music_industry_market_share_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Global music industry market share data">the music industry's second largest market overall</a> and the largest physical music market in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the physical sales <a href="/wiki/Oricon_Singles_Chart" title="Oricon Singles Chart">Oricon Singles Chart</a> being dominated by <a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">J-pop</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol" title="Japanese idol">idol</a> girl groups.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1990s, vocal/dance girl bands <a href="/wiki/Speed_(Japanese_band)" title="Speed (Japanese band)">Speed</a> and <a href="/wiki/MAX_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="MAX (band)">Max</a> gained prominence in Asia, and paved the way for succeeding Japanese girl groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Morning_Musume" title="Morning Musume">Morning Musume</a>, <a href="/wiki/AKB48" title="AKB48">AKB48</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perfume_(Japanese_band)" title="Perfume (Japanese band)">Perfume</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Momoiro_Clover_Z" title="Momoiro Clover Z">Momoiro Clover Z</a>. Speed sold a total of 20 million copies in Japan within three years, with <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i> calling them "Japan's top girl group",<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Max still hold the record for girl group with the second most consecutive top 10 singles in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the 2010s, <a href="/wiki/AKB48_Group" title="AKB48 Group">AKB48 sister groups</a> have been launched or will be launched in Indonesia, China, Thailand, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several new Japanese idol groups appeared in the 2010s and created a fiercely competitive situation in the music industry, which has been referred to as the "Idol <i><a href="/wiki/Sengoku_jidai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sengoku jidai">sengoku jidai</a></i>" (アイドル戦国時代; lit. Age of the Idol Warring States).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:185px;max-width:185px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Girls%27_Generation_at_DMC_Festival_2015_MBC_Radio_DJ_Concert_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Girls' Generation performing at the 2015 MBC DMC Festival" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Girls%27_Generation_at_DMC_Festival_2015_MBC_Radio_DJ_Concert_02.jpg/183px-Girls%27_Generation_at_DMC_Festival_2015_MBC_Radio_DJ_Concert_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Girls%27_Generation_at_DMC_Festival_2015_MBC_Radio_DJ_Concert_02.jpg/275px-Girls%27_Generation_at_DMC_Festival_2015_MBC_Radio_DJ_Concert_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Girls%27_Generation_at_DMC_Festival_2015_MBC_Radio_DJ_Concert_02.jpg/366px-Girls%27_Generation_at_DMC_Festival_2015_MBC_Radio_DJ_Concert_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="917" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:203px;max-width:203px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2NE1_2013_kpop_hologram_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="2NE1 smiling for the camera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/2NE1_2013_kpop_hologram_%28cropped%29.jpg/201px-2NE1_2013_kpop_hologram_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/2NE1_2013_kpop_hologram_%28cropped%29.jpg/302px-2NE1_2013_kpop_hologram_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/2NE1_2013_kpop_hologram_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:203px;max-width:203px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackpink_Coachella_2023_02_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Blackpink performing at Coachella 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Blackpink_Coachella_2023_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/201px-Blackpink_Coachella_2023_02_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Blackpink_Coachella_2023_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/302px-Blackpink_Coachella_2023_02_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Blackpink_Coachella_2023_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/402px-Blackpink_Coachella_2023_02_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3277" data-file-height="1850" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:185px;max-width:185px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Twice_-_Dickies_Arena,_2022_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Twice performs during their 2022 Twice 4th World Tour "III"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Twice_-_Dickies_Arena%2C_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/183px-Twice_-_Dickies_Arena%2C_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Twice_-_Dickies_Arena%2C_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/275px-Twice_-_Dickies_Arena%2C_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Twice_-_Dickies_Arena%2C_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/366px-Twice_-_Dickies_Arena%2C_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2456" data-file-height="1523" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><i>(clockwise)</i> <a href="/wiki/Girls%27_Generation" title="Girls' Generation">Girls' Generation</a>, <a href="/wiki/2NE1" title="2NE1">2NE1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twice" title="Twice">Twice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blackpink" title="Blackpink">Blackpink</a> are among the leading girl groups of the Korean wave.</div></div></div></div> <p>Since 2009, <a href="/wiki/Hallyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallyu">Hallyu</a> (Korean wave) and <a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">K-pop</a> became increasingly significant in the entertainment industry. Its influence spread across Asia and began to reach the Middle East, North Africa, Europe and the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning, girl groups such as <a href="/wiki/Girls%27_Generation" title="Girls' Generation">Girls' Generation</a>, <a href="/wiki/2NE1" title="2NE1">2NE1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Girls" title="Wonder Girls">Wonder Girls</a> were among the leaders of this "Hallyu" wave.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The influence of the original girl groups of the United States was not lost on this era of artists, as many adopted visual influences through their "retro" concepts, such as the international 2008 hit "<a href="/wiki/Nobody_(Wonder_Girls_song)" title="Nobody (Wonder Girls song)">Nobody</a>" by Wonder Girls. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: evolution of Korean girl groups after 2015. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>From the second half of the 2010s, new generations of Korean girl groups emerged and enjoyed great success as the Korean wave's globalization accelerated.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These newer girl groups gradually shifted towards more "girl crush" concepts and it became more common for members to be involved in writing or production. Popular South Korean girl groups include <a href="/wiki/Blackpink" title="Blackpink">Blackpink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twice" title="Twice">Twice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aespa" title="Aespa">Aespa</a>, <a href="/wiki/NewJeans" title="NewJeans">NewJeans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ive_(group)" title="Ive (group)">IVE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_Velvet_(group)" title="Red Velvet (group)">Red Velvet</a> amongst others.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Girl groups have a wide array of subject matter in their songs, depending on time and place and who was producing. Songs also had a penchant for reflecting the political and cultural climate around them. For instance, songs with abusive undertones were somewhat common during the 1950s–1970s. One notable example was the song "<a href="/wiki/He_Hit_Me_(And_It_Felt_Like_a_Kiss)" title="He Hit Me (And It Felt Like a Kiss)">He Hit Me (And It Felt Like a Kiss)</a>" by <a href="/wiki/The_Crystals" title="The Crystals">the Crystals</a>. During the "golden age of girl groups", lyrics were disparate, ranging from songs about mean dogs to underage pregnancy. However, common sentiments were also found in ideas like new love, pining after a crush or lover, and heartache. Some songs sounded upbeat or cheerful and sang about falling in love, whereas others took a decidedly more melancholic turn. Groups like <a href="/wiki/The_Shangri-Las" title="The Shangri-Las">the Shangri-Las</a>, with the song "<a href="/wiki/I_Can_Never_Go_Home_Anymore" title="I Can Never Go Home Anymore">I Can Never Go Home Anymore</a>" sang about the darker side of being in love.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adolescence">Adolescence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Adolescence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiceupyourlifetorontofirst_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Spiceupyourlifetorontofirst_cropped.jpg/220px-Spiceupyourlifetorontofirst_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Spiceupyourlifetorontofirst_cropped.jpg/330px-Spiceupyourlifetorontofirst_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Spiceupyourlifetorontofirst_cropped.jpg/440px-Spiceupyourlifetorontofirst_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption>Breaking through during the mid-1990s, the <a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">Spice Girls</a> became <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_girl_groups#Best-selling_girl_groups_worldwide" title="List of best-selling girl groups">the best-selling girl group of all time</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>An especially prevalent theme was adolescence. Since most of the girl groups were composed of young singers, often still in high school, songs mentioned parents in many cases. Adolescence was also a popular subject because of an emerging audience of young girls listening to and buying records. Adolescence was also reinforced by girl groups in cultivation of a youthful image, since "an unprecedented instance of teenage girls occupying center stage of mainstream commercial culture".<sup id="cite_ref-Buckingham_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckingham-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of this youth branding might be <a href="/wiki/Emma_Bunton" title="Emma Bunton">Baby Spice</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Spice_Girls" title="Spice Girls">Spice Girls</a>. This was shown through flourishes like typically matching outfits for mid-century girl groups and youthful content in songs. Girl groups of the 1950s era would also give advice to other girls, or sing about the advice their mothers gave to them, which was a similarity to some male musical groups of the time (for example, <a href="/wiki/The_Miracles" title="The Miracles">the Miracles</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Shop_Around" title="Shop Around">Shop Around</a>"). </p><p>Adolescence was also important (especially starting in the 1950s) from the other end: the consumers were "teenagers [with] disposable income, ready access to automobiles, and consolidated high schools that exposed them to large numbers of other teens. Mass teen culture was born."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feminism">Feminism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Feminism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the girl group structure persisted through further generations, popular cultural sentiments were incorporated into the music. The appearance of "<a href="/wiki/Girl_power" title="Girl power">girl power</a>" and feminism was also added, even though beginning groups were very structured in their femininity.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckingham_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckingham-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would be simplistic to imply that girl groups only sang about being in love; on the contrary, many groups expressed complex sentiments in their songs. There were songs of support, songs that were gossipy, etc.; like any other musical movement, there was much variation in what was being sung. A prominent theme was often teaching "what it meant to be a woman".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Girl groups would exhibit what womanhood looked like from the clothes they were wearing to the actual lyrics in their songs. Of course this changed over the years (what the Supremes were wearing was different from the Spice Girls), but girl groups still served as beacons and examples of certain types of identities to their audiences through the years. </p><p>In the 1990s through the present, with the prevalence of such groups as the Spice Girls, there has been a strong emphasis on women's independence and a sort of feminism. At the very least, the music is more assertive lyrically and relies less on innuendo. This more recent wave of girl groups is more sexually provocative as well, which makes sense within pop music within this time frame as well.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_girl_groups" title="List of girl groups">List of girl groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_girl_groups" title="List of best-selling girl groups">List of best-selling girl groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_concert_tours_by_girl_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest-grossing concert tours by girl groups">List of highest-grossing concert tours by girl groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-female_band" title="All-female band">All-female band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_music" title="Women in music">Women in music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boy_band" title="Boy band">Boy band</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dreamgirls" title="Dreamgirls">Dreamgirls</a></i>, a 1981 musical and 2006 movie that covers the experience of girl groups in the Motown area</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRutledge2013" class="citation web cs1">Rutledge, Meredith E. (15 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160629172820/http://www.rockhall.com/blog/post/6655_the-fabulous-girl-groups-women-who-rock/">"The Fabulous Girl Groups | The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum"</a>. Rockhall.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rockhall.com/blog/post/6655_the-fabulous-girl-groups-women-who-rock/">the original</a> on 29 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fabulous+Girl+Groups+%26%23124%3B+The+Rock+and+Roll+Hall+of+Fame+and+Museum&rft.pub=Rockhall.com&rft.date=2013-04-15&rft.aulast=Rutledge&rft.aufirst=Meredith+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frockhall.com%2Fblog%2Fpost%2F6655_the-fabulous-girl-groups-women-who-rock%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGirl+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history-of-rock.com/g_g-history.htm">"Girl Groups - A Short History"</a>. History-of-rock.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Girl+Groups+-+A+Short+History&rft.pub=History-of-rock.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history-of-rock.com%2Fg_g-history.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGirl+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30m-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30m_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaudia_Mitchell,_Jacqueline_Reid-Walsh2008" class="citation book cs1">Claudia Mitchell, Jacqueline Reid-Walsh (1 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=arQy0v_PBx4C&q=difference+girl+bands+girl+group+instruments&pg=PA306"><i>Girl Culture: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313339080" title="Special:BookSources/9780313339080"><bdi>9780313339080</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Girl+Culture%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=9780313339080&rft.au=Claudia+Mitchell%2C+Jacqueline+Reid-Walsh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DarQy0v_PBx4C%26q%3Ddifference%2Bgirl%2Bbands%2Bgirl%2Bgroup%2Binstruments%26pg%3DPA306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGirl+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-girl-groups.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-girl-groups.com_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-girl-groups.com_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529185656/http://www.girl-groups.com/groups.htm">"Girl Groups"</a>. Girl Groups. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.girl-groups.com/groups.htm">the original</a> on 29 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Girl+Groups&rft.pub=Girl+Groups&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.girl-groups.com%2Fgroups.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGirl+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Supremes-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Supremes_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitburn2003" class="citation book cs1">Whitburn, Joel (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joelwhitburnstop00whitbur/page/950"><i>Top Pop Singles 1955-2002</i></a></span>. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research, Inc.com. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joelwhitburnstop00whitbur/page/950">950, 959, 964, 967, 969, 970, 983, 984, 988–990</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89820-155-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89820-155-0"><bdi>978-0-89820-155-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Top+Pop+Singles+1955-2002&rft.place=Menomonee+Falls%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pages=950%2C+959%2C+964%2C+967%2C+969%2C+970%2C+983%2C+984%2C+988-990&rft.pub=Record+Research%2C+Inc.com&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-89820-155-0&rft.aulast=Whitburn&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoelwhitburnstop00whitbur%2Fpage%2F950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGirl+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As evidence of the popularity of the Supremes, during and after the British Invasion, on 21 May 1977 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/American_Top_40" title="American Top 40">American Top 40</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Casey_Kasem" title="Casey Kasem">Casey Kasem</a> noted that the Supremes, more than any other act, dethroned the Beatles from the Hot 100's summit three times.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeld1999" class="citation book cs1">Held, David (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VBXvvo4Vo-oC&pg=PA352"><i>Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture - Google Books</i></a>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804736275" title="Special:BookSources/9780804736275"><bdi>9780804736275</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2014</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Transformations%3A+Politics%2C+Economics+and+Culture+-+Google+Books&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780804736275&rft.aulast=Held&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVBXvvo4Vo-oC%26pg%3DPA352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGirl+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnharlow-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-johnharlow_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnharlow_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarlow1996" class="citation news cs1">Harlow, John (27 October 1996). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/320504889">"Wannabe like me?"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i>. p. 16. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/320504889">320504889</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Wannabe+like+me%3F&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1996-10-27&rft.aulast=Harlow&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F320504889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGirl+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-andrewsmith-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-andrewsmith_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-andrewsmith_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-andrewsmith_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1999" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Andrew (22 August 1999). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/250362717">"Girls on top. After Spice, all-girl groups are dominating the charts. They're successful, but who's got the power?"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>. p. 7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/250362717">250362717</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Girls+on+top.+After+Spice%2C+all-girl+groups+are+dominating+the+charts.+They%27re+successful%2C+but+who%27s+got+the+power%3F&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1999-08-22&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F250362717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGirl+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAniftos2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Aniftos, Rania (27 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/billboard-explains-girl-groups-1235078184/">"Billboard Explains: The Evolution of Girl Groups"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527174015/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/billboard-explains-girl-groups-1235078184/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+England%27s+largest+GLBT+newspaper&rft.pub=Bay+Windows&rft.date=2008-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baywindows.com%2Findex.php%3Fch%3Darts%26sc%3Dmusic%26sc2%3Dnews%26sc3%3D%26id%3D82622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGirl+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDan_DeLuca2008" class="citation web cs1">Dan DeLuca (10 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120917234632/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20081110/news_1c10labelle.html">"Patti LaBelle joins some old friends"</a>. San Diego Union-Tribune. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://storyofaphoenix.wordpress.com/2014/12/26/the-evolving-presence-of-feminism-and-women-in-rock-and-roll/">the original</a> on 13 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Story+of+a+Phoenix&rft.atitle=The+Evolving+Presence+of+Feminism+and+Women+in+Rock+and+Roll&rft.date=2014-12-26&rft.aulast=Buckingham&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstoryofaphoenix.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F12%2F26%2Fthe-evolving-presence-of-feminism-and-women-in-rock-and-roll%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGirl+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160513030505/http://thelearnedfangirl.com/2016/04/sisters-with-voices-a-brief-history-of-girl-groups/">"Sisters With Voices: A Brief History of Girl Groups"</a>. <i>The Learned Fangirl</i>. 7 April 2016. 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(May 2003). <i>Selling an Image: Girl Groups of the 1960s</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 173–193.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+an+Image%3A+Girl+Groups+of+the+1960s&rft.pages=173-193&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003-05&rft.aulast=Cyrus&rft.aufirst=Cynthia+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGirl+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarwick2007" class="citation book cs1">Warwick, Jacqueline (20 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4W7hAQAAQBAJ"><i>Girl Groups, Girl Culture: Popular Music and Identity in the 1960s</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415971133" title="Special:BookSources/9780415971133"><bdi>9780415971133</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Girl+Groups%2C+Girl+Culture%3A+Popular+Music+and+Identity+in+the+1960s&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007-02-20&rft.isbn=9780415971133&rft.aulast=Warwick&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4W7hAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGirl+group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girl_group&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/womens-history/the-real-dreamgirls-147452817/?no-ist">2007 Smithsonian piece of historical influence of American Girl Groups</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150522114204/http://www.girl-groups.com/">Fan-made site devoted to the breadth of mid-century American Girl Groups</a> (archived 22 May 2015)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pop_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pop_music" title="Template:Pop music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pop_music" title="Template talk:Pop music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pop_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pop music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pop_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stylistic origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Styles_of_pop_music" title="Styles of pop music">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary_music" title="Adult contemporary music">Adult contemporary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_adult_contemporary" title="Christian adult contemporary">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">Quiet storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_adult_contemporary" title="Rhythmic adult contemporary">Rhythmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_adult_contemporary" title="Urban adult contemporary">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative pop">Alternative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_Underground" title="Paisley Underground">Paisley Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient pop">Ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">Avant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_music" title="Beach music">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brill_Building_(genre)" title="Brill Building (genre)">Brill Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubblegum_music" title="Bubblegum music">Bubblegum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">Contemporary Christian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bro-country" title="Bro-country">Bro-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_pop" title="Cowboy pop">Cowboy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cringe_pop" title="Cringe pop">Cringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall_pop" title="Dancehall pop">Dancehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">Dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco_polo" title="Disco polo">Disco polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">Hyperpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">Hypnagogic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">Indie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_sound" title="Dunedin sound">Dunedin sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twee_pop" title="Twee pop">Twee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operatic_pop" title="Operatic pop">Operatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_pop" title="Orchestral pop">Orchestral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rap" title="Pop rap">Pop rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">Pop rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_pop" title="Emo pop">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_metal" title="Pop metal">Pop metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-punk" title="Pop-punk">Pop-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_pop" title="Psychedelic pop">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">Schlager music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_age_pop" title="Space age pop">Space age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_pop" title="Sunshine pop">Sunshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_pop" title="Swamp pop">Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">Synth-pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurepop" title="Futurepop">Futurepop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_pop" title="Teen pop">Teen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_pop" title="Wonky pop">Wonky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_popular_music" title="African popular music">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_pop" title="Moroccan pop">Moroccan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_popular_music" title="American popular music">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina#Popular_music" title="Music of Argentina">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_popular_brasileira" title="Música popular brasileira">Brazilian (MPB)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brega_pop" title="Brega pop">Brega pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Tropipop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_pop" title="Arabic pop">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_pop_music" title="Azerbaijani pop music">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-pop" title="C-pop">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantopop" title="Cantopop">Cantopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_popular_music" title="Hakka popular music">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_pop" title="Hokkien pop">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandopop" title="Mandopop">Mandopop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Mandopop" title="French Mandopop">French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyao" title="Xinyao">Xinyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongguo_feng_(music)" title="Zhongguo feng (music)">Zhongguo feng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinoiserie music">Chinoiserie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English_pop" title="Hong Kong English pop">Hong Kong English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_pop" title="Indian pop">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(music)" title="Bhangra (music)">Bhangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmi" title="Filmi">Filmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva_pop" title="Hindutva pop">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_pop" title="Indo pop">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_pop_music" title="Iranian pop music">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">Kayōkyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABk%C5%8Dka" title="Ryūkōka">Ryūkōka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-pop" title="Q-pop">Kazakhstani</a></li> <li>Korean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Korea#Pop_music" title="Music of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_pop" title="Lao pop">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian pop">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani pop music">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_pop_music" title="Thai pop music">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-pop" title="V-pop">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austropop" title="Austropop">Austropop</a></li> <li>Balkan pop-folk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalga" title="Chalga">Chalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_pop_music" title="British pop music">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederpop" title="Nederpop">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_pop" title="New pop">New pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europop" title="Europop">Europop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_pop_music" title="French pop music">French pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Mandopop" title="French Mandopop">French Mandopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9" title="Yé-yé">Yé-yé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_pop" title="Hungarian pop">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_popular_music#Rock_and_pop" title="Italian popular music">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Pop_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Calgija" title="Čalgija">Čalgija</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabiz_(music_genre)" title="Rabiz (music genre)">Rabiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzic%C4%83_popular%C4%83" title="Muzică populară">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_pop" title="Russian pop">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">Schlager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_pop" title="Serbian pop">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_popular_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish popular music">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish pop music">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular music in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Soviet_Union#Popular_music" title="Music of the Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VIA_music" class="mw-redirect" title="VIA music">VIA music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music_in_Ukraine" title="Pop music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">Celebrity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_soxer_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby soxer (music)">Bobby soxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasaeng_fan" title="Sasaeng fan">Sasaeng fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teenybopper" title="Teenybopper">Teenybopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol#Fan_culture" title="Japanese idol"><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Wota</i></span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">Honorific nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music_automation" title="Pop music automation">Pop music automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_pedagogy" title="Popular music pedagogy">Popular music pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">Talent agent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_idol" title="Teen idol">Teen idol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_band" title="Boy band">Boy band</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Girl group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form" title="Verse–chorus form">Verse–chorus form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_band" title="Virtual band">Virtual band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldbeat" title="Worldbeat">Worldbeat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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