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<span>Advanced diffs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advanced_diffs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Usage examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports_of_patch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports_of_patch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ports of patch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports_of_patch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">patch (Unix)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4_(%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3)" title="باتش (يونكس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باتش (يونكس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_(Unix)" title="Patch (Unix) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Patch (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_(program)" title="Patch (program) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Patch (program)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_(Unix)" title="Patch (Unix) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Patch (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_(Unix)" title="Patch (Unix) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Patch (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_(Unix)" title="Patch (Unix) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Patch (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%87_(%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3)" title="وصله (یونیکس) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وصله (یونیکس)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_(Unix)" title="Patch (Unix) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Patch (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch" title="Patch – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Patch" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_(computerbestand)" title="Patch (computerbestand) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Patch (computerbestand)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_(Unix)" title="Patch (Unix) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Patch (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch" title="Patch – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Patch" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_(Unix)" title="Patch (Unix) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Patch (Unix)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch" title="Patch – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Patch" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q300846#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Patch_(Unix)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPatch_%28Unix%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Patch_%28Unix%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patch_(Unix)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unix utility to apply changes to text files</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">patch</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:TuxOnIce_patching.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/TuxOnIce_patching.png/220px-TuxOnIce_patching.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/TuxOnIce_patching.png/330px-TuxOnIce_patching.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/TuxOnIce_patching.png/440px-TuxOnIce_patching.png 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="461" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A screenshot of using patch</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Wall" title="Larry Wall">Larry Wall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Paul Eggert, Wayne Davison, David MacKenzie, Andreas Grünbacher</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">May 24, 1985<span class="noprint">; 39 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1985-05-24</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/patch.git">git<wbr />.savannah<wbr />.gnu<wbr />.org<wbr />/git<wbr />/patch<wbr />.git</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q300846#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs" title="Plan 9 from Bell Labs">Plan 9</a>, <a href="/wiki/MSX-DOS" title="MSX-DOS">MSX-DOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">Command</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The computer tool <b>patch</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">program</a> that updates <a href="/wiki/Text_file" title="Text file">text files</a> according to instructions contained in a separate file, called a <i>patch file</i>. The patch file (also called a <i>patch</i> for short) is a text file that consists of a list of differences and is produced by running the related <a href="/wiki/Diff" title="Diff">diff</a> program with the original and updated file as arguments. Updating files with patch is often referred to as <i>applying the patch</i> or simply <i>patching</i> the files. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patch_(Unix)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original patch program was written by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Wall" title="Larry Wall">Larry Wall</a> (who went on to create the <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a>) and posted to <code>mod.sources</code><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which later became <code>comp.sources.unix</code>) in May 1985. </p><p>patch was added to XPG4, which later became <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wall's code remains the basis of "patch" programs provided in <a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and schilytools.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (August 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Patch_(Unix)#wall-vs-gnu" title="Talk:Patch (Unix)">discuss</a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Open_Software_Foundation" title="Open Software Foundation">Open Software Foundation</a>, which merged into <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Group" title="The Open Group">The Open Group</a>, is said to have maintained a derived version.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (August 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Patch_(Unix)#wall-vs-gnu" title="Talk:Patch (Unix)">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/GNU_project" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU project">GNU project</a>/<a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">FSF</a> maintains its patch, forked from the Larry Wall version. The repository is different from that of GNU diffutils, but the documentation is managed together.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_context">Usage context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patch_(Unix)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Developed by a programmer for other programmers, patch was frequently used for updating <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> to a newer version. Because of this, many people came to associate patches with source code, whereas patches can in fact be applied to any text. <i>Patched</i> files do not accumulate any unneeded text, which is what some people perceive based on the English meaning of the word; patch is as capable of removing text as it is of adding it. </p><p>Patches described here should not be confused with <a href="/wiki/Patch_(computing)" title="Patch (computing)">binary patches</a>, which, although can be conceptually similar, are distributed to update binary files comprising the program to a new release. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patches_in_software_development">Patches in software development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patch_(Unix)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Patches in software development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The diff files that serve as input to patch are readable text files, which means that they can be easily reviewed or modified by humans before use. </p><p>In addition to the "<a href="/wiki/Diff" title="Diff">diff</a>" program, diffs can also be produced by other programs, such as <a href="/wiki/Subversion_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subversion (software)">Subversion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System" title="Concurrent Versions System">CVS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revision_Control_System" title="Revision Control System">RCS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercurial_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercurial (software)">Mercurial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Git_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Git (software)">Git</a>. </p><p>Patches have been the crucial component of many <a href="/wiki/Source_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Source control">source control</a> systems, including <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System" title="Concurrent Versions System">CVS</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advanced_diffs">Advanced diffs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patch_(Unix)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Advanced diffs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Diff#Variations" title="Diff">diff § Variations</a></div> <p>When more advanced diffs are used, patches can be applied even to files that have been modified in the meantime, as long as those modifications do not interfere with the patch. This is achieved by using "<a href="/wiki/Diff#Context_format" title="Diff">context diffs</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Diff#Unified_format" title="Diff">unified diffs</a>" (also known as "unidiffs"), which surround each change with <i>context</i>, which is the text immediately before and after the changed part. Patch can then use this context to locate the region to be patched even if it has been displaced by changes earlier in the file, using the line numbers in the diffs as a starting point. Because of this property, context and unified diffs are the preferred form of patches for submission to many software projects. </p><p>The above features make diff and patch especially popular for exchanging modifications to <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a>. Outsiders can download the latest publicly available source code, make modifications to it, and send them, in diff form, to the development team. Using diffs, the development team has the ability to effectively review the patches before applying them, and can apply them to a newer code base than the one the outside developer had access to. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_examples">Usage examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patch_(Unix)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Usage examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To create a patch, one could run the following command in a shell: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-console mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>diff<span class="w"> </span>-u<span class="w"> </span>oldFile<span class="w"> </span>newFile<span class="w"> </span>><span class="w"> </span>mods.diff<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># -u tells diff to output unified diff format</span> </pre></div> <p>To apply a patch, one could run the following command in a shell: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-console mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>patch<span class="w"> </span><<span class="w"> </span>mods.diff </pre></div> <p>This tells patch to apply the changes to the specified files described in <code>mods.diff</code>. Patches to files in subdirectories require the additional <code>-p<i>number</i></code> option, where <i>number</i> is 1 if the base directory of the source tree is included in the diff, and 0 otherwise. </p><p>Patches can be undone, or reversed, with the '<code>-R</code>' option: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-console mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>patch<span class="w"> </span>-R<span class="w"> </span><<span class="w"> </span>mods.diff </pre></div> <p>In some cases when the file is not identical to the version the diff was generated against, the patch will not be able to be applied cleanly. For example, if lines of text are inserted at the beginning, the line numbers referred to in the patch will be incorrect. patch is able to recover from this, by looking at nearby lines to relocate the text to be patched. It will also recover when lines of <b>context</b> (for context and unified diffs) are altered; this is described as <b>fuzz</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ports_of_patch">Ports of patch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patch_(Unix)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ports of patch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally written for Unix and <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> systems, patch has also been ported to <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> and many other platforms. Windows ports of patch are provided by <a href="/wiki/GnuWin32" title="GnuWin32">GnuWin32</a> and <a href="/wiki/UnxUtils" title="UnxUtils">UnxUtils</a>. </p><p>A <code>patch</code> command is also part of <a href="/wiki/ASCII_Corporation" title="ASCII Corporation">ASCII</a>'s <i>MSX-DOS2 Tools</i> for <a href="/wiki/MSX-DOS" title="MSX-DOS">MSX-DOS</a> version 2.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patch_(Unix)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patch_(computing)" title="Patch (computing)">Patch (computing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilt_(software)" title="Quilt (software)">Quilt (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rsync" title="Rsync">rsync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xdelta" title="Xdelta">xdelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unix_commands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Unix commands">List of Unix commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_mainframe_utility_programs#IEBUPDTE" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM mainframe utility programs">IBM Mainframe utility IEBUPDTE</a> a mainframe patch program, created about 20 years earlier (circa ~1964).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patch_(Unix)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWall1985" class="citation newsgroup cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Wall" title="Larry Wall">Wall, Larry</a> (May 8, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/g/mod.sources/c/xSQM63e39YY/m/apNNJSkJi0gJ">"patch version 1.3"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:mod.sources">mod.sources</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404223018/https://groups.google.com/g/mod.sources/c/xSQM63e39YY/m/apNNJSkJi0gJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=patch+version+1.3&rft.pub=mod.sources&rft.date=1985-05-08&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fg%2Fmod.sources%2Fc%2FxSQM63e39YY%2Fm%2FapNNJSkJi0gJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatch+%28Unix%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/utilities/patch.html">patch</a></code></span> – Shell and Utilities Reference, <a href="/wiki/Single_Unix_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Unix Specification">The Single UNIX Specification</a>, Version 4 from <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Group" title="The Open Group">The Open Group</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/usr.bin/patch/">http://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/usr.bin/patch/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170607120135/http://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/usr.bin/patch/">Archived</a> 2017-06-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> OpenBSD patch source</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/utilities/FreeBSD.html">FreeBSD</a></code></span> – Shell and Utilities Reference, <a href="/wiki/Single_Unix_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Unix Specification">The Single UNIX Specification</a>, Version 4 from <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Group" title="The Open Group">The Open Group</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://codeberg.org/schilytools/schilytools/src/branch/master/patch/patch.c">"Schilytools"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schilytools&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcodeberg.org%2Fschilytools%2Fschilytools%2Fsrc%2Fbranch%2Fmaster%2Fpatch%2Fpatch.c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatch+%28Unix%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/patch.git/tree/src/patch.c">"Patch.c\SRC - patch.git - GNU patch"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patch.c%5CSRC+-+patch.git+-+GNU+patch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgit.savannah.gnu.org%2Fcgit%2Fpatch.git%2Ftree%2Fsrc%2Fpatch.c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatch+%28Unix%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MSXDOS2TOOLS">MSX-DOS2 Tools User's Manual by ASCII Corporation</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patch_(Unix)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">The Wikibook <i><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Guide_to_Unix" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Guide to Unix">Guide to Unix</a></i> has a page on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Guide_to_Unix/Commands" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Guide to Unix/Commands">Commands</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/">GNU Diffutils</a> (includes diff and patch); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/manual/html_node/Merging-with-patch.html#Merging-with-patch">Documentation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/">GNU tools for Win32</a> – Win32 port of tools, including diff and patch</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickey" class="citation web cs1">Dickey, Thomas E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://invisible-island.net/diffstat/">"DIFFSTAT – make histogram from diff-output"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200122063404/https://invisible-island.net/diffstat/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Ps_(Unix)" title="Ps (Unix)">ps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_(Unix)" title="Time (Unix)">time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">User environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Env" title="Env">env</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_(command)" title="Exit (command)">exit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logname" title="Logname">logname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesg" title="Mesg">mesg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk_(software)" title="Talk (software)">talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tput" title="Tput">tput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uname" title="Uname">uname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_(Unix)" title="Who (Unix)">who</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_(Unix)" title="Write (Unix)">write</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Text processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AWK" title="AWK">awk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basename" title="Basename">basename</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comm" title="Comm">comm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Csplit" title="Csplit">csplit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_(Unix)" title="Cut (Unix)">cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diff" title="Diff">diff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirname" title="Dirname">dirname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_(text_editor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed (text editor)">ed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_(text_editor)" title="Ex (text editor)">ex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fold_(Unix)" title="Fold (Unix)">fold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_(Unix)" title="Head (Unix)">head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconv" title="Iconv">iconv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Join_(Unix)" title="Join (Unix)">join</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M4_(computer_language)" title="M4 (computer language)">m4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_(command)" title="More (command)">more</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nl_(Unix)" title="Nl (Unix)">nl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paste_(Unix)" title="Paste (Unix)">paste</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printf_(Unix)" title="Printf (Unix)">printf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_(Unix)" title="Read (Unix)">read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed" title="Sed">sed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_(Unix)" title="Sort (Unix)">sort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strings_(Unix)" title="Strings (Unix)">strings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tail_(Unix)" title="Tail (Unix)">tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr_(Unix)" title="Tr (Unix)">tr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troff" title="Troff">troff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniq" title="Uniq">uniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi_(text_editor)" title="Vi (text editor)">vi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wc_(Unix)" title="Wc (Unix)">wc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xargs" title="Xargs">xargs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shell_builtin" title="Shell builtin">Shell builtins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alias_(command)" title="Alias (command)">alias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cd_(command)" title="Cd (command)">cd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(command)" title="Echo (command)">echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_(Unix)" title="Test (Unix)">test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_variable#unset_command" title="Environment variable">unset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wait_(command)" title="Wait (command)">wait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Searching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Find_(Unix)" title="Find (Unix)">find</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grep" title="Grep">grep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_page" title="Man page">man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar_(Unix)" title="Ar (Unix)">ar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctags" title="Ctags">ctags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lex_(software)" title="Lex (software)">lex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_(software)" title="Make (software)">make</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nm_(Unix)" title="Nm (Unix)">nm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_(Unix)" title="Strip (Unix)">strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacc" title="Yacc">yacc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bc_(programming_language)" title="Bc (programming language)">bc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal_(command)" title="Cal (command)">cal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expr" title="Expr">expr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_V_printing_system" title="System V printing system">lp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od_(Unix)" title="Od (Unix)">od</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_(command)" title="Sleep (command)">sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_and_false_(commands)" title="True and false (commands)">true and false</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> 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