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Chesters Bridge - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reinterpretation of the site</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reinterpretation_of_the_site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Excavation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Excavation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Excavation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Excavation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesters_Roman_bridge" title="Chesters Roman bridge – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Chesters Roman bridge" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesters_Bridge" title="Chesters Bridge – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chesters Bridge" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6merbr%C3%BCcke_Chesters" title="Römerbrücke Chesters – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Römerbrücke Chesters" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_di_Chesters" title="Ponte di Chesters – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ponte di Chesters" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesters_Bridge" title="Chesters Bridge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chesters Bridge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesters_Bridge" title="Chesters Bridge – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chesters Bridge" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5093849#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chesters_Bridge&amp;params=55.025_N_2.138_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°01′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°08′17″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.025°N 2.138°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">55.025; -2.138</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Roman bridge in Northumberland, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the bridge across the Mississippi, see <a href="/wiki/Chester_Bridge" title="Chester Bridge">Chester Bridge</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Chesters Bridge</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="label"><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, UK </span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chesters Bridge is located in Northumberland"><img alt="Chesters Bridge is located in Northumberland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg/250px-Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg/375px-Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg/500px-Northumberland_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:75.943%;left:47.467%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chesters Bridge"><img alt="Chesters Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:6px"><div>Chesters Bridge</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chesters_Bridge&amp;params=55.025_N_2.138_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°01′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°08′17″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.025°N 2.138°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">55.025; -2.138</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Grid_reference" class="mw-redirect" title="Grid reference">Grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chesters_Bridge&amp;params=55.024458_N_2.137617_W_region:GB_scale:25000">NY913700</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Roman_Military_banner.svg/100px-Roman_Military_banner.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Roman_Military_banner.svg/150px-Roman_Military_banner.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Roman_Military_banner.svg/200px-Roman_Military_banner.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="234" /></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_ancient_Rome" title="Category:Military of ancient Rome">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:130%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_ancient_Rome" title="Military of ancient Rome">Military of ancient Rome</a> <div style="font-size:70%;font-weight:normal;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Founding_of_Rome" title="Founding of Rome">753 BC</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire">AD 476</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Structural_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Structural history of the Roman military">Structural history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_army" title="Roman army">Army</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_army_unit_types" title="List of Roman army unit types">Unit types and ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_military_decorations_and_punishments" title="Roman military decorations and punishments">Decorations and punishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_legions" title="List of Roman legions">Legions</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auxilia" title="Auxilia">Auxilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_generals" title="List of Roman generals">Generals</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_navy" title="Roman navy">Navy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_navy#Fleets" title="Roman navy">Fleets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Roman_admirals" title="Category:Ancient Roman admirals">Admirals</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Campaign_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Campaign history of the Roman military">Campaign history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_wars_and_battles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Roman wars and battles">Wars and battles</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Technological_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Technological history of the Roman military">Technological history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_military_engineering" title="Roman military engineering">Military engineering</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">Castra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_siege_engines" title="Roman siege engines">Siege engines</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_triumphal_arches" title="List of Roman triumphal arches">Triumphal arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_roads" title="Roman roads">Roads</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Political history of the Roman military">Political history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="font-size:50%;line-height:0.5em;">&#160;</div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Strategy_of_the_Roman_military" title="Strategy of the Roman military">Strategy and tactics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_infantry_tactics" title="Roman infantry tactics">Infantry tactics</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.45em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Roman_military_frontiers_and_fortifications" title="Roman military frontiers and fortifications">Frontiers and fortifications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Limes</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_defensive_walls" title="Ancient Roman defensive walls">Walls</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Britannicus" title="Limes Britannicus">Limes Britannicus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian&#39;s Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxon_Shore" title="Saxon Shore">Saxon Shore</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Germanicus" title="Limes Germanicus">Limes Germanicus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb_Limes" title="Alb Limes">Alb Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautertal_Limes" title="Lautertal Limes">Lauter Valley Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Germanic_Limes" title="Lower Germanic Limes">Lower Germanic Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Limes" title="Main Limes">Main Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckar-Odenwald_Limes" title="Neckar-Odenwald Limes">Neckar-Odenwald Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Germanic-Rhaetian_Limes" title="Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes">Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetterau_Limes" title="Wetterau Limes">Wetterau Limes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danube%E2%80%93Iller%E2%80%93Rhine_Limes" title="Danube–Iller–Rhine Limes">Danube–Iller–Rhine Limes</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norican_Limes" class="mw-redirect" title="Norican Limes">Norican Limes</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Claustra_Alpium_Iuliarum" title="Claustra Alpium Iuliarum">Claustra Alpium Iuliarum</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Limes" title="Pannonian Limes">Pannonian Limes</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Alutanus" title="Limes Alutanus">Limes Alutanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_Moesiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limes Moesiae">Limes Moesiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Wall" title="Trajan&#39;s Wall">Trajan's Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasian_Wall" title="Anastasian Wall">Anastasian Wall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Dykes" title="Devil&#39;s Dykes">Limes Sarmatiae</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Arabicus" title="Limes Arabicus">Limes Arabicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Tripolitanus" title="Limes Tripolitanus">Limes Tripolitanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limes_Mauretaniae" title="Limes Mauretaniae">Limes Mauretaniae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/32px-SPQRomani.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/48px-SPQRomani.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/SPQRomani.svg/64px-SPQRomani.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="548" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Rome" title="Portal:Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome&#32;portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Rome_military_sidebar" title="Template:Ancient Rome military sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Rome_military_sidebar" title="Template talk:Ancient Rome military sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Rome_military_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Rome military sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chesters Bridge</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Roman_bridge" title="Roman bridge">Roman bridge</a> over the <a href="/wiki/River_Tyne" title="River Tyne">River North Tyne</a> at <a href="/wiki/Chollerford" title="Chollerford">Chollerford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, and adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman fort">Roman fort</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cilurnum" title="Cilurnum">Cilurnum</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian&#39;s Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a>. The fort, mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Notitia_Dignitatum" title="Notitia Dignitatum">Notitia Dignitatum</a></i>, and now identified with the fort found at Chesters, was known as <b>Cilurnum</b> or <b>Cilurvum</b>. </p><p>In 2016, public access to Chesters Roman bridge abutments was suspended due to flood damage. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chesters_Bridge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadrian%27s_Wall_and_Chesters_bridge_abutment_(2)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_809577.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Hadrian%27s_Wall_and_Chesters_bridge_abutment_%282%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_809577.jpg/220px-Hadrian%27s_Wall_and_Chesters_bridge_abutment_%282%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_809577.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Hadrian%27s_Wall_and_Chesters_bridge_abutment_%282%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_809577.jpg/330px-Hadrian%27s_Wall_and_Chesters_bridge_abutment_%282%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_809577.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Hadrian%27s_Wall_and_Chesters_bridge_abutment_%282%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_809577.jpg/440px-Hadrian%27s_Wall_and_Chesters_bridge_abutment_%282%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_809577.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Hadrian's Wall and Chesters bridge abutment</figcaption></figure> <p>The remains of the bridge on the east bank of the <a href="/wiki/River_Tyne" title="River Tyne">River North Tyne</a> are approached along a footpath from near <a href="/wiki/Chollerford_Bridge" title="Chollerford Bridge">Chollerford Bridge</a>. These remains were first located in 1860. They form one of the most impressive and massive masonry structures to be seen on <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian&#39;s Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a>. A shift in the course of the Tyne has moved the river westwards about 66 feet (20&#160;m), completely covering or sweeping away much of the west abutment, leaving the eastern <a href="/wiki/Abutment" title="Abutment">abutment</a> high, if not always dry, on the other bank.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defence">Defence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chesters_Bridge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Defence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bridge carried the <a href="/wiki/Military_Way_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)" title="Military Way (Hadrian&#39;s Wall)">Military Way</a> Roman road behind the wall across the <a href="/wiki/River_Tyne" title="River Tyne">River North Tyne</a> at this point, and was defended by the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> fort at its foundation, later given over to <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a>. An early inscription on an altar dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Disciplina" title="Disciplina">Disciplina</a>, found in 1978, indicates the earliest known military presence was a wing of cavalry, <i>ala Augusta ob virtutem appellata</i> ("named Augusta because of its valour"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_bridge">First bridge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chesters_Bridge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: First bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen-Nolan-Chesters-Bridge-from-the-west-bank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Stephen-Nolan-Chesters-Bridge-from-the-west-bank.jpg/220px-Stephen-Nolan-Chesters-Bridge-from-the-west-bank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Stephen-Nolan-Chesters-Bridge-from-the-west-bank.jpg/330px-Stephen-Nolan-Chesters-Bridge-from-the-west-bank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Stephen-Nolan-Chesters-Bridge-from-the-west-bank.jpg/440px-Stephen-Nolan-Chesters-Bridge-from-the-west-bank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="2527" /></a><figcaption>Chesters Bridge from the West bank of the Tyne</figcaption></figure> <p>There were at least two bridges on this spot. The first, less massive than its successor, was probably contemporary with the construction of the Wall in <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a> 122–4. It crossed the river on a series of at least eight hexagonal stone <a href="/wiki/Pier_(architecture)" title="Pier (architecture)">piers</a> about 13 feet (4&#160;m) apart: the first of these (from the east) can be seen where it has been incorporated into the stonework of the later abutment. The overall length of the bridge between abutments was 200 feet (61&#160;m). The width of these piers suggests that the bridge was intended to convey a structure 10 feet (3.0&#160;m) wide – the width of the Broad Wall in this area – and that it therefore carried Hadrian's Wall across the river with a series of small stone arches. The masonry appears to have been plain but substantial, and the surviving hexagonal pier bears traces of dovetail cramps of iron set in lead which would have held the stones tightly together.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_bridge">Second bridge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chesters_Bridge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Second bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second bridge was much larger and the new eastern <a href="/wiki/Abutment" title="Abutment">abutment</a> was a far more lofty affair than before, with splayed wing walls both north and south of the bridge's actual line. This abutment, its massive rectangular stones lifted into place using the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_hole" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis hole">lewis holes</a> which are a feature of their upper surface, were held together with long iron ties channelled into the masonry to reinforce the front face.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The lewis-holes widen as they penetrate. The lewis consisted of a split wedge which, after being inserted in the hole, was widened out to lock into it by the insertion of a strip of metal between the two halves of the wedge. The hook of the crane was then passed through the head of the lewis and the stone was ready for lifting.<sup id="cite_ref-Hugill_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hugill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> From this solid abutment there sprang an elegant bridge with four <a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">arches</a> supported on three substantial river <a href="/wiki/Pier_(architecture)" title="Pier (architecture)">piers</a>, 34 feet (10.4&#160;m) apart. Its overall length was 189 feet (57.6&#160;m) and was intended to take a road carriageway. Few <a href="/wiki/Voussoir" title="Voussoir">voussoirs</a> (wedge-shaped stones from arches) have been found, but there is sufficient other evidence in the form of cornice blocks, grooved to take vertical parapet slabs, and angled mouldings, to show that the bridge was of stone,<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> although others state that the second bridge had a timber superstructure.<sup id="cite_ref-Hugill_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hugill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ET_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This second bridge seems to date from the early 3rd century<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> [others give AD 162-5<sup id="cite_ref-ET_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or AD 206<sup id="cite_ref-bridgesonthetyne_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bridgesonthetyne-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>]. There is no evidence for any further repair or alteration to the bridge after that date.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> There is a <a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">male fertility symbol</a> carved into the northern face of the eastern abutment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reinterpretation_of_the_site">Reinterpretation of the site</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chesters_Bridge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Reinterpretation of the site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2024, a major reinterpretation of the site was published.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The bridge was again seen as of wood and the worn cornice stones, the only evidence ever of a stone bridge, were reassigned to the southern abutment, which was now seen as a wharf. Carts were loaded directly from barges at the wharf, which was the head of Roman navigation of the North Tyne. The site was seen as a major logistics base for supporting Roman invasions of Scotland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Excavation">Excavation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chesters_Bridge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Excavation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 19th century Nathaniel Clayton, owner of <a href="/wiki/Chesters_(Humshaugh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chesters (Humshaugh)">Chesters House</a> and Estate, moved hundreds of tons of earth to cover over the last remains of the fort as part of his parkland landscaping, thereby creating a smooth uninterrupted grassland slope down to the River Tyne; he collected, before they disappeared, a number of Roman <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artefacts</a> which he preserved in the family. However his son <a href="/wiki/John_Clayton_(Newcastle)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Clayton (Newcastle)">John Clayton</a>, a noted <a href="/wiki/Antiquarian" title="Antiquarian">antiquarian</a>, removed all his father's work, exposing the fort, excavating, and establishing a small museum for his finds. John Clayton also made excavations at <a href="/wiki/Vercovicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Vercovicium">Housesteads</a> Fort, <a href="/wiki/Carrawburgh" title="Carrawburgh">Carrawburgh</a> <a href="/wiki/Mithraeum" title="Mithraeum">Mithraic Temple</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Magnis_(Carvoran)" title="Magnis (Carvoran)">Carvoran</a>, amongst others. </p><p>In the 1980's the site was re-excavated leading to wear on the surface of the cornice blocks being discovered. This led to the bridge being reinterpreted from a wooden to a stone bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chesters_Bridge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cilurnum" title="Cilurnum">Cilurnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chollerford_Bridge" title="Chollerford Bridge">Chollerford Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Brunton" title="Low Brunton">Low Brunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a> Male fertility symbol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_bridges" title="List of Roman bridges">List of Roman bridges</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chesters_Bridge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Johnson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1993" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, J. S. (1993). <i>Chesters Roman Fort Northumberland</i> (reprint&#160;ed.). London: English Heritage. pp.&#160;28–30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85074-307-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85074-307-X"><bdi>1-85074-307-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chesters+Roman+Fort+Northumberland&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=28-30&amp;rft.edition=reprint&amp;rft.pub=English+Heritage&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=1-85074-307-X&amp;rft.aulast=Johnson&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChesters+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hugill-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hugill_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hugill_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugill1931" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hugill_(travel_writer)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hugill (travel writer) (page does not exist)">Hugill, Robert</a> (1931). <i>Road Guide to Northumberland and The Border</i>. Newcastle upon Tyne, England: Andrew Reid &amp; Company, Limited. p.&#160;221.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Road+Guide+to+Northumberland+and+The+Border&amp;rft.place=Newcastle+upon+Tyne%2C+England&amp;rft.pages=221&amp;rft.pub=Andrew+Reid+%26+Company%2C+Limited&amp;rft.date=1931&amp;rft.aulast=Hugill&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChesters+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ET-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ET_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ET_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=26">"Engineering Timelines"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Engineering+Timelines&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineering-timelines.com%2Fscripts%2FengineeringItem.asp%3Fid%3D26&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChesters+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bridgesonthetyne-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bridgesonthetyne_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bridgesonthetyne.co.uk/chesters.html">"Bridges on the Tyne"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Bridges+on+the+Tyne&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bridgesonthetyne.co.uk%2Fchesters.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChesters+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Longhurst I. 2024 "The Chesters road bridge and wharf on Hadrian’s Wall" pp253-8 in Supplying the Roman Empire (LIMES XXV volume 4) Proceedings of the 25th International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies H. Van Enckevort H. et al., (eds) Sidestone Press, Leiden| url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.sidestone.com/books/supplying-the-roman-empire-limes-xxv-volume-4">https://www.sidestone.com/books/supplying-the-roman-empire-limes-xxv-volume-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Bidwell, P.T. &amp; N. Holbrook, 1989: Hadrian’s Wall bridges, London|<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/library/browse/issue.xhtml?recordId=1077148&amp;recordType=MonographSeries">https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/library/browse/issue.xhtml?recordId=1077148&amp;recordType=MonographSeries</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chesters_Bridge" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chesters Bridge">Chesters Bridge</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#E0FFFF; text-align: center;"> <td style="font-weight: bold;">Next bridge upstream</td> <td style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/River_Tyne" title="River Tyne">River North Tyne</a></td> <td style="font-weight: bold;">Next bridge downstream</td> </tr><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Chollerford_Bridge" title="Chollerford Bridge">Chollerford Bridge</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/B6318_Military_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="B6318 Military Road">B6318 Military Road</a>)</small></td> <td>Chesters Bridge<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">Grid reference</a> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chesters_Bridge&amp;params=55.024458_N_2.137617_W_region:GB_scale:25000">NY913700</a></span></small></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Bridge" title="Constantius Bridge">Constantius Bridge</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/A69_road" title="A69 road">A69 road</a>)</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_bridges" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_bridges" title="Template:Roman bridges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_bridges" title="Template talk:Roman bridges"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_bridges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman bridges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_bridges" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_bridge" title="Roman bridge">Roman bridges</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chesters Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piercebridge_Roman_Bridge" title="Piercebridge Roman Bridge">Piercebridge Roman Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pons_Aelius" title="Pons Aelius">Pons Aelius</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ponte_St._Angelo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ponte Sant&#39;Angelo in Rome"><img alt="Ponte Sant&#39;Angelo in Rome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ponte_St._Angelo.jpg/150px-Ponte_St._Angelo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ponte_St._Angelo.jpg/225px-Ponte_St._Angelo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ponte_St._Angelo.jpg/300px-Ponte_St._Angelo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Ambroix" title="Pont Ambroix">Pont Ambroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Born%C3%A8gre" title="Pont de Bornègre">Pont de Bornègre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_des_Marchands" title="Pont des Marchands">Pont des Marchands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_du_Gard" title="Pont du Gard">Pont du Gard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Flavien" title="Pont Flavien">Pont Flavien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Julien" title="Pont Julien">Pont Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Serme" title="Pont Serme">Pont Serme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_sur_la_Laye" title="Pont sur la Laye">Pont sur la Laye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Bridge_(Saint-Thib%C3%A9ry)" title="Roman Bridge (Saint-Thibéry)">Roman Bridge (Saint-Thibéry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Bridge_(Vaison-la-Romaine)" title="Roman Bridge (Vaison-la-Romaine)">Roman Bridge (Vaison-la-Romaine)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_Rhine_bridges" title="Caesar&#39;s Rhine bridges">Caesar's Rhine bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Bridge_(Trier)" title="Roman Bridge (Trier)">Roman Bridge (Trier)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band-e_Kaisar" title="Band-e Kaisar">Band-e Kaisar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pons_Aemilius" title="Pons Aemilius">Pons Aemilius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pons_Agrippae" title="Pons Agrippae">Pons Agrippae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Altinate" title="Ponte Altinate">Ponte Altinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pons_Cestius" title="Pons Cestius">Pons Cestius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pons_Fabricius" title="Pons Fabricius">Pons Fabricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pons_Neronianus" title="Pons Neronianus">Pons Neronianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pons_Probi" title="Pons Probi">Pons Probi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pons_Sublicius" title="Pons Sublicius">Pons Sublicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_d%27A%C3%ABl" title="Pont d&#39;Aël">Pont d'Aël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Pierre_(Aosta)" title="Pont de Pierre (Aosta)">Pont de Pierre (Aosta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Saint-Martin_(bridge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pont-Saint-Martin (bridge)">Pont-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_d%27Augusto_(Narni)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponte d&#39;Augusto (Narni)">Ponte d'Augusto (Narni)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_di_Tiberio_(Rimini)" title="Ponte di Tiberio (Rimini)">Ponte di Tiberio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Corvo_(bridge)" title="Ponte Corvo (bridge)">Ponte Corvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_del_Gran_Caso" title="Ponte del Gran Caso">Ponte del Gran Caso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Milvio" title="Ponte Milvio">Ponte Milvio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Molino_(Padua)" title="Ponte Molino (Padua)">Ponte Molino (Padua)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Nomentano" title="Ponte Nomentano">Ponte Nomentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Pietra_(Verona)" title="Ponte Pietra (Verona)">Ponte Pietra (Verona)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_di_Pioraco" title="Ponte di Pioraco">Ponte di Pioraco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_di_Quintodecimo" title="Ponte di Quintodecimo">Ponte di Quintodecimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Salario" title="Ponte Salario">Ponte Salario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_San_Lorenzo" title="Ponte San Lorenzo">Ponte San Lorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_di_San_Vito" title="Ponte di San Vito">Ponte di San Vito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Ponte Sant&#39;Angelo">Ponte Sant'Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susegana_Bridge" title="Susegana Bridge">Susegana Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leontes_Bridge" title="Leontes Bridge">Leontes Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_de_Rubi%C3%A3es" title="Ponte de Rubiães">Ponte de Rubiães</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Nova_da_Cava_da_Velha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponte Nova da Cava da Velha">Ponte Nova da Cava da Velha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Bridge_(Chaves)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Bridge (Chaves)">Roman Bridge (Chaves)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Bridge_of_Catribana" title="Roman Bridge of Catribana">Roman Bridge of Catribana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine%27s_Bridge_(Danube)" title="Constantine&#39;s Bridge (Danube)">Constantine's Bridge (Danube)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Bridge" title="Trajan&#39;s Bridge">Trajan's Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acueducto_de_los_Milagros" title="Acueducto de los Milagros">Acueducto de los Milagros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albarregas_Roman_bridge" title="Albarregas Roman bridge">Albarregas Roman bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcon%C3%A9tar_Bridge" title="Alconétar Bridge">Alconétar Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_Segovia" title="Aqueduct of Segovia">Aqueduct of Segovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1ntara_Bridge" title="Alcántara Bridge">Alcántara Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Ferreres_Aqueduct" title="Les Ferreres Aqueduct">Les Ferreres Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puente_de_Alc%C3%A1ntara" title="Puente de Alcántara">Puente de Alcántara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puente_Romano,_M%C3%A9rida" title="Puente Romano, Mérida">Puente Romano, Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_bridge_of_%C3%81vila&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman bridge of Ávila (page does not exist)">Roman bridge of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_bridge_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Roman bridge of Córdoba">Roman bridge of Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_bridge_of_Lugo" title="Roman bridge of Lugo">Roman bridge of Lugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_bridge_of_Salamanca" title="Roman bridge of Salamanca">Roman bridge of Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_bridge_of_Talamanca_de_Jarama" title="Roman bridge of Talamanca de Jarama">Roman bridge of Talamanca de Jarama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Diwar_Bridge" title="Ain Diwar Bridge">Ain Diwar Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_at_Nimreh" title="Bridge at Nimreh">Bridge at Nimreh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemarrin_Bridge" title="Gemarrin Bridge">Gemarrin Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharaba_Bridge" title="Kharaba Bridge">Kharaba Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesepus_Bridge" title="Aesepus Bridge">Aesepus Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapsu_Bridge" title="Arapsu Bridge">Arapsu Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_at_Oinoanda" title="Bridge at Oinoanda">Bridge at Oinoanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine%27s_Bridge_(Mysia)" title="Constantine&#39;s Bridge (Mysia)">Constantine's Bridge (Mysia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurymedon_Bridge_(Aspendos)" title="Eurymedon Bridge (Aspendos)">Eurymedon Bridge (Aspendos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurymedon_Bridge_(Selge)" title="Eurymedon Bridge (Selge)">Eurymedon Bridge (Selge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamagara_Bridge" title="Karamagara Bridge">Karamagara Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_near_Kemer" title="Bridge near Kemer">Kemer Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_near_Limyra" title="Bridge near Limyra">Limyra Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misis_Bridge" title="Misis Bridge">Misis Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macestus_Bridge" title="Macestus Bridge">Macestus Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nysa_Bridge" title="Nysa Bridge">Nysa Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penkalas_Bridge" title="Penkalas Bridge">Penkalas Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Bridge" title="Pergamon Bridge">Pergamon Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangarius_Bridge" title="Sangarius Bridge">Sangarius Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severan_Bridge" title="Severan Bridge">Severan Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Bridge_(Adana)" title="Stone Bridge (Adana)">Stone Bridge (Adana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valens_Aqueduct" class="mw-redirect" title="Valens Aqueduct">Valens Aqueduct Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Bridge_(Mysia)" title="White Bridge (Mysia)">White Bridge (Mysia)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_bridges" title="List of Roman bridges">Full list of Roman bridges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Forts_and_structures_of_Hadrian&amp;#039;s_Wall" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#99cc88;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Template:Hadrian&#39;s Wall"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Template talk:Hadrian&#39;s Wall"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hadrian&#39;s Wall"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Forts_and_structures_of_Hadrian&amp;#039;s_Wall" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">Forts</a> and structures of <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian&#39;s Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Wall Forts (East to West)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segedunum" title="Segedunum">Segedunum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pons_Aelius" title="Pons Aelius">Pons Aelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condercum" title="Condercum">Condercum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindobala" title="Vindobala">Vindobala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnum" title="Hunnum">Onnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilurnum" title="Cilurnum">Cilurnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrawburgh" title="Carrawburgh">Procolita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housesteads_Roman_Fort" title="Housesteads Roman Fort">Vercovicium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesica" title="Aesica">Aesica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnis_(Carvoran)" title="Magnis (Carvoran)">Magnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banna_(Birdoswald)" title="Banna (Birdoswald)">Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camboglanna" title="Camboglanna">Camboglanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petriana" title="Petriana">Uxelodunum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aballava" title="Aballava">Aballava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coggabata" title="Coggabata">Coggabata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mais_(Bowness)" title="Mais (Bowness)">Maia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Britain_1.png/100px-Britain_1.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Britain_1.png/150px-Britain_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Britain_1.png/200px-Britain_1.png 2x" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="1362" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg/100px-Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg/150px-Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg/200px-Milecastle_42%2C_Cawfields%2C_Hadrian%27s_Wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_57718.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Outpost Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habitancum" title="Habitancum">Habitancum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bewcastle_Roman_Fort" title="Bewcastle Roman Fort">Fanum Cocidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthuret#Netherby_Hall" title="Arthuret">Castra Exploratorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blatobulgium" title="Blatobulgium">Blatobulgium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Stanegate Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coria_(Corbridge)" title="Coria (Corbridge)">Corstopitum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbrough" title="Newbrough">Newbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindolanda" title="Vindolanda">Vindolanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haltwhistle_Burn#Roman_fort" title="Haltwhistle Burn">Haltwhistle Burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnis_(Carvoran)" title="Magnis (Carvoran)">Magnis</a></li> <li>Throp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nether_Denton" title="Nether Denton">Nether Denton</a></li> <li>Castle Hill Boothby</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brampton_Old_Church" title="Brampton Old Church">Brampton Old Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luguvalium" title="Luguvalium">Luguvalium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Supply Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alauna_Carvetiorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Alauna Carvetiorum">Alauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeia" title="Arbeia">Arbeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coria_(Corbridge)" title="Coria (Corbridge)">Coria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindomora" title="Vindomora">Vindomora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Cumbrian Coast Forts (North to South)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bibra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alauna_(Maryport)" title="Alauna (Maryport)">Alauna</a></li> <li>Burrow Walls</li> <li>Gabrosentum</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Milecastle" title="Milecastle">Milecastles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_0" title="Milecastle 0">0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_1" title="Milecastle 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_2" title="Milecastle 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_3" title="Milecastle 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_4" title="Milecastle 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_5" title="Milecastle 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_6" title="Milecastle 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_7" title="Milecastle 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_8" title="Milecastle 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_9" title="Milecastle 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_10" title="Milecastle 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_11" title="Milecastle 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_12" title="Milecastle 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_13" title="Milecastle 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_14" title="Milecastle 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_15" title="Milecastle 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_16" title="Milecastle 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_17" title="Milecastle 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_18" title="Milecastle 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_19" title="Milecastle 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_20" title="Milecastle 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_21" title="Milecastle 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_22" title="Milecastle 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_23" title="Milecastle 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_24" title="Milecastle 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_25" title="Milecastle 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_26" title="Milecastle 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_27" title="Milecastle 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_28" title="Milecastle 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_29" title="Milecastle 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_30" title="Milecastle 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_31" title="Milecastle 31">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_32" title="Milecastle 32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_33" title="Milecastle 33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_34" title="Milecastle 34">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_35" title="Milecastle 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_36" title="Milecastle 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_37" title="Milecastle 37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_38" title="Milecastle 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_39" title="Milecastle 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_40" title="Milecastle 40">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_41" title="Milecastle 41">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_42" title="Milecastle 42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_43" title="Milecastle 43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_44" title="Milecastle 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_45" title="Milecastle 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_46" title="Milecastle 46">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_47" title="Milecastle 47">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_48" title="Milecastle 48">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_49" title="Milecastle 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_50" title="Milecastle 50">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_50TW" title="Milecastle 50TW">50TW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_51" title="Milecastle 51">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_52" title="Milecastle 52">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_53" title="Milecastle 53">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_54" title="Milecastle 54">54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_55" title="Milecastle 55">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_56" title="Milecastle 56">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_57" title="Milecastle 57">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_58" title="Milecastle 58">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_59" title="Milecastle 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_60" title="Milecastle 60">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_61" title="Milecastle 61">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_62" title="Milecastle 62">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_63" title="Milecastle 63">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_64" title="Milecastle 64">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_65" title="Milecastle 65">65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_66" title="Milecastle 66">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_67" title="Milecastle 67">67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_68" title="Milecastle 68">68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_69" title="Milecastle 69">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_70" title="Milecastle 70">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_71" title="Milecastle 71">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_72" title="Milecastle 72">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_73" title="Milecastle 73">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_74" title="Milecastle 74">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_75" title="Milecastle 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_76" title="Milecastle 76">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_77" title="Milecastle 77">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_78" title="Milecastle 78">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_79" title="Milecastle 79">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_80" title="Milecastle 80">80</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Milefortlets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_1" title="Milefortlet 1">MF 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_2" title="Milefortlet 2">MF 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_3" title="Milefortlet 3">MF 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_4" title="Milefortlet 4">MF 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_5" title="Milefortlet 5">MF 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_9" title="Milefortlet 9">MF 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_10" title="Milefortlet 10">MF 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_11" title="Milefortlet 11">MF 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_12" title="Milefortlet 12">MF 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_13" title="Milefortlet 13">MF 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_14" title="Milefortlet 14">MF 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_15" title="Milefortlet 15">MF 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_16" title="Milefortlet 16">MF 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_17" title="Milefortlet 17">MF 17</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milefortlet_18&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Milefortlet 18 (page does not exist)">MF 18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milefortlet_19&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Milefortlet 19 (page does not exist)">MF 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_20" title="Milefortlet 20">MF 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_21" title="Milefortlet 21">MF 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_22" title="Milefortlet 22">MF 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_23" title="Milefortlet 23">MF 23</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milefortlet_24&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Milefortlet 24 (page does not exist)">MF 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milefortlet_25" title="Milefortlet 25">MF 25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Other structures on Hadrian's Wall</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portgate" title="Portgate">Portgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetrees_(Hadrian%27s_Wall_section)" title="Planetrees (Hadrian&#39;s Wall section)">Planetrees (Hadrian's Wall section)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chesters Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone_Corner" title="Limestone Corner">Limestone Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knag_Burn_Gateway" title="Knag Burn Gateway">Knag Burn Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milecastle_39#Peel_Gap_Tower" title="Milecastle 39">Peel Gap Tower</a></li> <li>Willowford Bridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_Hill_Signal_Tower" title="Pike Hill Signal Tower">Pike Hill Signal Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">Regular and linear features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallum_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)" title="Vallum (Hadrian&#39;s Wall)">Vallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Way_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)" title="Military Way (Hadrian&#39;s Wall)">Military Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall_Path" title="Hadrian&#39;s Wall Path">Hadrian's Wall Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turret_(Hadrian%27s_Wall)" title="Turret (Hadrian&#39;s Wall)">Turrets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐67876799fc‐dm42x Cached time: 20241127161915 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.494 seconds Real time usage: 0.741 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 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