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class="vector-menu-heading"> सहायता </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-सहायता" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE"><span>सहायता</span></a></li><li id="n-स्वशिक्षा" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE"><span>स्वशिक्षा</span></a></li><li id="n-अक्सर-पूछे-जाने-वाले-प्रश्न" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8"><span>अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न</span></a></li><li id="n-देवनागरी-कैसे-टाइप-करें" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE"><span>देवनागरी कैसे टाइप करें</span></a></li><li id="n-दूतावास-(Embassy)" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8"><span>दूतावास (Embassy)</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="विकिपीडिया" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-hi.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.75em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-hi.svg" width="108" height="18" style="width: 6.75em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>खोजें</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" aria-label="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" autocapitalize="sentences" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="विशेष:खोज"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">खोजें</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="दिखावट"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="पृष्ठ के फ़ॉन्ट का आकार, चौड़ाई और रंग बदलें" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="दिखावट" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">दिखावट</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi" class=""><span>दान करें</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है" class=""><span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="अन्य विकल्प" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">व्यक्तिगत उपकरण</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi"><span>दान करें</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> लॉग-आउट किए गए संपादकों के लिए पृष्ठ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF" aria-label="संपादन के बारे में अधिक जानें"><span>अधिक जानें</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इस आईपी पते से संपादन की सूची [y]" accesskey="y"><span>योगदान</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="इस आईपी एड्रेससे हुए बदलावों के बारे में वार्ता [n]" accesskey="n"><span>वार्ता</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="साइट"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="सामग्री" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">सामग्री</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">साइडबार पर जाएँ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">शुरुआत</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-स्वर" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#स्वर"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>स्वर</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-स्वर-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-व्यंजन" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#व्यंजन"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>व्यंजन</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-व्यंजन-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viet_Nam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viet_Nam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Viet Nam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viet_Nam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सन्दर्भ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सन्दर्भ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>सन्दर्भ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सन्दर्भ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-इन्हें_भी_देखें" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#इन्हें_भी_देखें"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>इन्हें भी देखें</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-इन्हें_भी_देखें-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-बाहरी_कड़ियाँ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#बाहरी_कड़ियाँ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>बाहरी कड़ियाँ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-बाहरी_कड़ियाँ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="सामग्री" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="विषयसूची को टॉगल करें" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">विषयसूची को टॉगल करें</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय ध्वन्यात्मक वर्णमाला</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="दूसरे भाषा में लेख पर जाएँ। 155 भाषाओं में उपलब्ध" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-155" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">155 भाषाएँ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internasionale_Fonetiese_Alfabet" title="Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet – अफ़्रीकी" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Internasionale Fonetiese Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="अफ़्रीकी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationales_Phonetisches_Alphabet" title="Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet – स्विस जर्मन" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="स्विस जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%93%E1%88%88%E1%88%9D_%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%80%E1%8D%8D_%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%9D%E1%8C%BB%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%8B%E1%89%A4%E1%89%B5" title="ዓለም አቀፍ ድምጻዊ አልፋቤት – अम्हेरी" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዓለም አቀፍ ድምጻዊ አልፋቤት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="अम्हेरी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_Fonetico_Internacional" title="Alfabeto Fonetico Internacional – अरागोनी" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alfabeto Fonetico Internacional" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="अरागोनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ألفبائية صوتية دولية – अरबी" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألفبائية صوتية دولية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81-%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ألف-به دوليه صوتيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ألف-به دوليه صوتيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="আন্তৰ্জাতিক ধ্বনিবিজ্ঞানৰ বৰ্ণমালা – असमिया" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আন্তৰ্জাতিক ধ্বনিবিজ্ঞানৰ বৰ্ণমালা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="असमिया" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_Fon%C3%A9ticu_Internacional" title="Alfabetu Fonéticu Internacional – अस्तुरियन" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfabetu Fonéticu Internacional" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="अस्तुरियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Интернационалаб фонетикияб алфабет – अवेरिक" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Интернационалаб фонетикияб алфабет" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="अवेरिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyn%C9%99lxalq_fonetik_%C9%99lifba" title="Beynəlxalq fonetik əlifba – अज़रबैजानी" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Beynəlxalq fonetik əlifba" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="अज़रबैजानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="میلتلرآراسی فونتیک الیفبا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="میلتلرآراسی فونتیک الیفبا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит – बशख़िर" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Халыҡ-ара фонетик алфавит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="बशख़िर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationals_Phonetischs_Alphabet" title="Internationals Phonetischs Alphabet – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Internationals Phonetischs Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Міжнародны фанетычны алфавіт – बेलारूसी" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міжнародны фанетычны алфавіт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="बेलारूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Міжнародны фанэтычны альфабэт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міжнародны фанэтычны альфабэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Международна фонетична азбука – बुल्गारियाई" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Международна фонетична азбука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="बुल्गारियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="আন্তর্জাতিক ধ্বনিমূলক বর্ণমালা – बंगाली" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আন্তর্জাতিক ধ্বনিমূলক বর্ণমালা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="बंगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་སྒྲ་རྟགས། – तिब्बती" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་སྒྲ་རྟགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="तिब्बती" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizherenneg_fonetek_etrebroadel" title="Lizherenneg fonetek etrebroadel – ब्रेटन" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizherenneg fonetek etrebroadel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ब्रेटन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_fonetska_abeceda" title="Međunarodna fonetska abeceda – बोस्नियाई" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Međunarodna fonetska abeceda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="बोस्नियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_fon%C3%A8tic_internacional" title="Alfabet fonètic internacional – कातालान" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet fonètic internacional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="कातालान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%B3k-ci%C3%A9_%C4%ACng-bi%C4%95u" title="Guók-cié Ĭng-biĕu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Guók-cié Ĭng-biĕu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B9%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Халкъашна йуккъера аьзнийн абат – चेचन" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Халкъашна йуккъера аьзнийн абат" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="चेचन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_foneticu_internaziunale" title="Alfabetu foneticu internaziunale – कोर्सीकन" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Alfabetu foneticu internaziunale" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="कोर्सीकन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_fonetick%C3%A1_abeceda" title="Mezinárodní fonetická abeceda – चेक" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mezinárodní fonetická abeceda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="चेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%C4%95" title="Тĕнчери фонетика алфавичĕ – चूवाश" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕнчери фонетика алфавичĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="चूवाश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyddor_Seinegol_Ryngwladol" title="Gwyddor Seinegol Ryngwladol – वेल्श" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwyddor Seinegol Ryngwladol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="वेल्श" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_internationale_fonetiske_alfabet" title="Det internationale fonetiske alfabet – डेनिश" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det internationale fonetiske alfabet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="डेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationales_Phonetisches_Alphabet" title="Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet – जर्मन" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeyo_%C5%9Earanmiyano_Fonetik" title="Alfabeyo Şaranmiyano Fonetik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alfabeyo Şaranmiyano Fonetik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%A4%DE%B0%DE%88%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%A9_%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%91%DE%AA%DE%84%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%8A%DE%AA%DE%84%DE%A7" title="ބައިނަލްއަޤްވާމީ އަޑުބިނާގެ އަލިފުބާ – दिवेही" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބައިނަލްއަޤްވާމީ އަޑުބިނާގެ އަލިފުބާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="दिवेही" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%A6%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Διεθνές Φωνητικό Αλφάβητο – यूनानी" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεθνές Φωνητικό Αλφάβητο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="यूनानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet – अंग्रेज़ी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="International Phonetic Alphabet" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अंग्रेज़ी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacia_Fonetika_Alfabeto" title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto – एस्पेरेंतो" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Internacia Fonetika Alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="एस्पेरेंतो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_Fon%C3%A9tico_Internacional" title="Alfabeto Fonético Internacional – स्पेनिश" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto Fonético Internacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="स्पेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA" title="IPA – एस्टोनियाई" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="IPA" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="एस्टोनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa – बास्क" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="बास्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_Fon%C3%A9ticu_Entrenacional" title="Alfabetu Fonéticu Entrenacional – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Alfabetu Fonéticu Entrenacional" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C" title="الفبای آوانگاری بین‌المللی – फ़ारसी" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الفبای آوانگاری بین‌المللی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="फ़ारसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansainv%C3%A4linen_foneettinen_aakkosto" title="Kansainvälinen foneettinen aakkosto – फ़िनिश" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansainvälinen foneettinen aakkosto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="फ़िनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international – फ़्रेंच" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphabet phonétique international" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="फ़्रेंच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C3%A8t_fon%C3%A8tico_ent%C3%A8rnacion%C3%A2l" title="Alfabèt fonètico entèrnacionâl – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Alfabèt fonètico entèrnacionâl" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA" title="IPA – उत्तरी फ़्रीसियाई" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="IPA" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="उत्तरी फ़्रीसियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynternasjonaal_Fonetysk_Alfabet" title="Ynternasjonaal Fonetysk Alfabet – पश्चिमी फ़्रिसियाई" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ynternasjonaal Fonetysk Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="पश्चिमी फ़्रिसियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Aib%C3%ADtir_Idirn%C3%A1isi%C3%BAnta_Foghra%C3%ADochta" title="An Aibítir Idirnáisiúnta Foghraíochta – आयरिश" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Aibítir Idirnáisiúnta Foghraíochta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="आयरिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="國際音標" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aibidil_Eadar-n%C3%A0iseanta_Fogharach" title="Aibidil Eadar-nàiseanta Fogharach – स्कॉटिश गाएलिक" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aibidil Eadar-nàiseanta Fogharach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="स्कॉटिश गाएलिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_Fon%C3%A9tico_Internacional" title="Alfabeto Fonético Internacional – गैलिशियन" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto Fonético Internacional" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="गैलिशियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BDpu%27andu_Raity_Hetatet%C3%A3gua" title="Iñe'ẽpu'andu Raity Hetatetãgua – गुआरानी" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Iñe'ẽpu'andu Raity Hetatetãgua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="गुआरानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbyrlhit_Sheeanagh_Eddyrashoonagh" title="Abbyrlhit Sheeanagh Eddyrashoonagh – मैंक्स" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Abbyrlhit Sheeanagh Eddyrashoonagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="मैंक्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koet-chi_Y%C3%AEm-phi%C3%AAu" title="Koet-chi Yîm-phiêu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Koet-chi Yîm-phiêu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="אלפבית פונטי בין-לאומי – हिब्रू" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפבית פונטי בין-לאומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="हिब्रू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_fonetska_abeceda" title="Međunarodna fonetska abeceda – क्रोएशियाई" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Međunarodna fonetska abeceda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzetk%C3%B6zi_fonetikai_%C3%A1b%C3%A9c%C3%A9" title="Nemzetközi fonetikai ábécé – हंगेरियाई" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemzetközi fonetikai ábécé" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="हंगेरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%B6%D5%B9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Միջազգային հնչյունական այբուբեն – आर्मेनियाई" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջազգային հնչյունական այբուբեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="आर्मेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabeto_phonetic_international" title="Alphabeto phonetic international – इंटरलिंगुआ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alphabeto phonetic international" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="इंटरलिंगुआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Alfabet Fonetik Internasional – इंडोनेशियाई" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfabet Fonetik Internasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="इंडोनेशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internasional_a_Ponetiko_nga_Alpabeto" title="Internasional a Ponetiko nga Alpabeto – इलोको" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Internasional a Ponetiko nga Alpabeto" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="इलोको" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Халкъашта юкъера фонетика алапат – इंगुश" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Халкъашта юкъера фонетика алапат" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="इंगुश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internaciona_fonetikal_alfabeto" title="Internaciona fonetikal alfabeto – इडौ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Internaciona fonetikal alfabeto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="इडौ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0lega_hlj%C3%B3%C3%B0stafr%C3%B3fi%C3%B0" title="Alþjóðlega hljóðstafrófið – आइसलैंडिक" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alþjóðlega hljóðstafrófið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="आइसलैंडिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_fonetico_internazionale" title="Alfabeto fonetico internazionale – इतालवी" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto fonetico internazionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="इतालवी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E5%A3%B0%E8%A8%98%E5%8F%B7" title="国際音声記号 – जापानी" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際音声記号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="जापानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sornai_bacru_alfabeta" title="sornai bacru alfabeta – लोज्बान" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sornai bacru alfabeta" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="लोज्बान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_Fon%C3%A8tik_Internasional" title="Abjad Fonètik Internasional – जावानीज़" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abjad Fonètik Internasional" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="जावानीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="საერთაშორისო ფონეტიკური ანბანი – जॉर्जियाई" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საერთაშორისო ფონეტიკური ანბანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="जॉर्जियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – कोंगो" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="कोंगो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetis_Internasional" title="Alfabet Fonetis Internasional – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Alfabet Fonetis Internasional" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Халықаралық фонетикалық әліпби – कज़ाख़" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Халықаралық фонетикалық әліпби" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="कज़ाख़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7" title="អក្ខរក្រមសូរវិទ្យាអន្ដរជាតិ – खमेर" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អក្ខរក្រមសូរវិទ្យាអន្ដរជាតិ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="खमेर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%98%B8" title="국제 음성 기호 – कोरियाई" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국제 음성 기호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="कोरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationales_Phonetisches_Alphabet" title="Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet – कोलोनियाई" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="कोलोनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeya_fonet%C3%AEk_a_navnetewey%C3%AE" title="Alfabeya fonetîk a navneteweyî – कुर्दिश" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alfabeya fonetîk a navneteweyî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="कुर्दिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abecedarium_Phoneticum_Internationale" title="Abecedarium Phoneticum Internationale – लैटिन" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Abecedarium Phoneticum Internationale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="लैटिन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaalt_Phoneetescht_Alphabet" title="Internationaalt Phoneetescht Alphabet – लग्ज़मबर्गी" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Internationaalt Phoneetescht Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="लग्ज़मबर्गी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Халкьуннал дянивсса фонетикалул алфавит – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Халкьуннал дянивсса фонетикалул алфавит" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeta_Fonetical_Internasional" title="Alfabeta Fonetical Internasional – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alfabeta Fonetical Internasional" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaol_Fonetisch_Alfabet" title="Internationaol Fonetisch Alfabet – लिंबर्गिश" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Internationaol Fonetisch Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="लिंबर्गिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetich_Internazionel" title="Alfabet Fonetich Internazionel – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Alfabet Fonetich Internazionel" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetegh_Internazzional" title="Alfabet Fonetegh Internazzional – लॉमबर्ड" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alfabet Fonetegh Internazzional" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="लॉमबर्ड" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99" title="ສັດທະອັກສອນສາກົນ – लाओ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສັດທະອັກສອນສາກົນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="लाओ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarptautin%C4%97_fonetin%C4%97_ab%C4%97c%C4%97l%C4%97" title="Tarptautinė fonetinė abėcėlė – लिथुआनियाई" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tarptautinė fonetinė abėcėlė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="लिथुआनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="अच्छा लेख"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starptautiskais_fon%C4%93tiskais_alfab%C4%93ts" title="Starptautiskais fonētiskais alfabēts – लातवियाई" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Starptautiskais fonētiskais alfabēts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="लातवियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय ध्वन्यात्मक लिपि – मैथिली" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय ध्वन्यात्मक लिपि" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="मैथिली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidy_ara-drafipeo_iraisam-pirenena" title="Abidy ara-drafipeo iraisam-pirenena – मालागासी" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abidy ara-drafipeo iraisam-pirenena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="मालागासी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_Fonetik_Antaro_Banso" title="Abjad Fonetik Antaro Banso – मिनांग्काबाउ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Abjad Fonetik Antaro Banso" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="मिनांग्काबाउ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Меѓународна фонетска азбука – मकदूनियाई" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Меѓународна фонетска азбука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="मकदूनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="आंतरराष्ट्रीय ध्वन्यात्मक वर्णमाला – मराठी" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आंतरराष्ट्रीय ध्वन्यात्मक वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="मराठी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_Fonetik_Antarabangsa" title="Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa – मलय" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="मलय" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc_Fon%C3%A9tico_Anternacional" title="Abc Fonético Anternacional – मिरांडी" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Abc Fonético Anternacional" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="मिरांडी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="နိုင်ငံတကာ သဒ္ဒဗေဒအက္ခရာ – बर्मीज़" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုင်ငံတကာ သဒ္ဒဗေဒအက္ခရာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="बर्मीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internatschonal_Phoneetsch_Alphabet" title="Internatschonal Phoneetsch Alphabet – निचला जर्मन" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Internatschonal Phoneetsch Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="निचला जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internasjonaal_Klaankenskrift" title="Internasjonaal Klaankenskrift – निचली सैक्सन" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Internasjonaal Klaankenskrift" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="निचली सैक्सन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय ध्वन्यात्मक वर्णमाला – नेपाली" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय ध्वन्यात्मक वर्णमाला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="नेपाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaal_Fonetisch_Alfabet" title="Internationaal Fonetisch Alfabet – डच" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internationaal Fonetisch Alfabet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="डच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_internasjonale_fonetiske_alfabetet" title="Det internasjonale fonetiske alfabetet – नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det internasjonale fonetiske alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_internasjonale_fonetiske_alfabetet" title="Det internasjonale fonetiske alfabetet – नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det internasjonale fonetiske alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9B%DF%93%DF%8D%DF%9B%DF%8E%DF%B2%DF%AB_%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%9B%DF%99%DF%8B%DF%A1%DF%8A_%DF%96%DF%8A%DF%AF%DF%93%DF%A1%DF%8A" title="ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ – एन्को" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߛߓߍߛߎ߲߫ ߞߊ߲ߡߊߛߙߋߡߊ ߖߊ߯ߓߡߊ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="एन्को" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/API" title="API – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="API" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_fonetic_internacionau" title="Alfabet fonetic internacionau – ओसीटान" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alfabet fonetic internacionau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ओसीटान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%9A%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A4_%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF" title="ଆନ୍ତର୍ଜାତୀୟ ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣଗତ ଲିପି – ओड़िया" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆନ୍ତର୍ଜାତୀୟ ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣଗତ ଲିପି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ओड़िया" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D1%85%D1%81%C3%A6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Æхсæнадæмон фонетикон алфавит – ओस्सेटिक" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æхсæнадæмон фонетикон алфавит" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ओस्सेटिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਕੌਮਾਂਤਰੀ ਧੁਨਾਤਮਕ ਲਿਪੀ – पंजाबी" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੌਮਾਂਤਰੀ ਧੁਨਾਤਮਕ ਲਿਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="पंजाबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C3%A8t_Fon%C3%A9tiko_Internashonal" title="Alfabèt Fonétiko Internashonal – पापियामेन्टो" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Alfabèt Fonétiko Internashonal" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="पापियामेन्टो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singne_dech_Cro%C3%A9z%C3%A8te_Fon%C3%A9tike_Int%C3%A9rnacional" title="Singne dech Croézète Fonétike Intérnacional – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Singne dech Croézète Fonétike Intérnacional" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innernatiunaal_Phoneddisch_Alphebedd" title="Innernatiunaal Phoneddisch Alphebedd – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Innernatiunaal Phoneddisch Alphebedd" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entanashunal_Fonetikl_Elphabet" title="Entanashunal Fonetikl Elphabet – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Entanashunal Fonetikl Elphabet" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_alfabet_fonetyczny" title="Międzynarodowy alfabet fonetyczny – पोलिश" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzynarodowy alfabet fonetyczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="पोलिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_fon%C3%A9tich_int%C3%ABrnassional" title="Alfabet fonétich intërnassional – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alfabet fonétich intërnassional" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF" title="بین الاقوامی صوتیاتی ابجد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بین الاقوامی صوتیاتی ابجد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_fon%C3%A9tico_internacional" title="Alfabeto fonético internacional – पुर्तगाली" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfabeto fonético internacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="पुर्तगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetul_Fonetic_Interna%C8%9Bional" title="Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional – रोमानियाई" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="रोमानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Международный фонетический алфавит – रूसी" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Международный фонетический алфавит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="रूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Аан дойду фонетическай алпабыыта – याकूत" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Аан дойду фонетическай алпабыыта" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="याकूत" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D_%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ – संथाली" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="संथाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_fon%C3%A8ticu_internatzionale" title="Alfabetu fonèticu internatzionale – सार्दिनियन" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Alfabetu fonèticu internatzionale" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="सार्दिनियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internaitional_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Internaitional Phonetic Alphabet – स्कॉट्स" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Internaitional Phonetic Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="स्कॉट्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%8A" title="بين الاقوامي وايوڪياتي لپي – सिंधी" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بين الاقوامي وايوڪياتي لپي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="सिंधी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riikkaidgaskasa%C5%A1_fonetihkala%C5%A1_transkriberenvuog%C3%A1dat" title="Riikkaidgaskasaš fonetihkalaš transkriberenvuogádat – नॉर्दन सामी" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Riikkaidgaskasaš fonetihkalaš transkriberenvuogádat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="नॉर्दन सामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_fonetska_abeceda" title="Međunarodna fonetska abeceda – सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Međunarodna fonetska abeceda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="International Phonetic Alphabet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%A1_fonetick%C3%A1_abeceda" title="Medzinárodná fonetická abeceda – स्लोवाक" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Medzinárodná fonetická abeceda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="स्लोवाक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mednarodna_foneti%C4%8Dna_abeceda" title="Mednarodna fonetična abeceda – स्लोवेनियाई" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mednarodna fonetična abeceda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="स्लोवेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti_Fonetik_Nd%C3%ABrkomb%C3%ABtar" title="Alfabeti Fonetik Ndërkombëtar – अल्बानियाई" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alfabeti Fonetik Ndërkombëtar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="अल्बानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%92%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Међународна фонетска абецеда – सर्बियाई" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Међународна фонетска абецеда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="सर्बियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfab%C3%A9t_Fon%C3%A9tis_Internasional" title="Alfabét Fonétis Internasional – सुंडानी" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alfabét Fonétis Internasional" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="सुंडानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationella_fonetiska_alfabetet" title="Internationella fonetiska alfabetet – स्वीडिश" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Internationella fonetiska alfabetet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="स्वीडिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti_ya_kifonetiki_ya_kimataifa" title="Alfabeti ya kifonetiki ya kimataifa – स्वाहिली" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alfabeti ya kifonetiki ya kimataifa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="स्वाहिली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjyndzynorodowe_F%C5%AFnetyczne_Abecad%C5%82o" title="Mjyndzynorodowe Fůnetyczne Abecadło – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mjyndzynorodowe Fůnetyczne Abecadło" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="பன்னாட்டு ஒலிப்பியல் அரிச்சுவடி – तमिल" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பன்னாட்டு ஒலிப்பியல் அரிச்சுவடி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="तमिल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2" title="అంతర్జాతీయ ధ్వన్యాత్మక వర్ణమాల – तेलुगू" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అంతర్జాతీయ ధ్వన్యాత్మక వర్ణమాల" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="तेलुगू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_Fon%C3%A9tiku_Internasion%C3%A1l" title="Alfabetu Fonétiku Internasionál – तेतुम" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Alfabetu Fonétiku Internasionál" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="तेतुम" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Алифбои овонигории байналмилалӣ – ताजिक" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алифбои овонигории байналмилалӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ताजिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="สัทอักษรสากล – थाई" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัทอักษรสากล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="थाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halkara_Fonetik_Elipbi%C3%BDi" title="Halkara Fonetik Elipbiýi – तुर्कमेन" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Halkara Fonetik Elipbiýi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="तुर्कमेन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internasyonal_na_Ponetikong_Alpabeto" title="Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto – टैगलॉग" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="टैगलॉग" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Fonetik_Alfabe" title="Uluslararası Fonetik Alfabe – तुर्की" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uluslararası Fonetik Alfabe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="तुर्की" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patis_hengak_kkklangan" title="Patis hengak kkklangan – तारोको" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Patis hengak kkklangan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="तारोको" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Халыкара фонетика әлифбасы – तातार" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Халыкара фонетика әлифбасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="तातार" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%84%D9%89%D9%BE%D8%A8%DB%95" title="خەلقئارالىق فونېتىك ئېلىپبە – उइगर" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خەلقئارالىق فونېتىك ئېلىپبە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="उइगर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Міжнародний фонетичний алфавіт – यूक्रेनियाई" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міжнародний фонетичний алфавіт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="यूक्रेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF" title="بین الاقوامی صوتیاتی ابجد – उर्दू" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بین الاقوامی صوتیاتی ابجد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="उर्दू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xalqaro_fonetik_alifbo" title="Xalqaro fonetik alifbo – उज़्बेक" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xalqaro fonetik alifbo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="उज़्बेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_fon%C3%A8tego_internasiona%C5%82e" title="Alfabeto fonètego internasionałe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Alfabeto fonètego internasionałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_m%E1%BA%ABu_t%E1%BB%B1_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C3%A2m_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Bảng mẫu tự ngữ âm quốc tế – वियतनामी" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảng mẫu tự ngữ âm quốc tế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="वियतनामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationoal_Fonetisch_Alfabet" title="Internationoal Fonetisch Alfabet – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Internationoal Fonetisch Alfabet" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafab_fonetik_bev%C3%BCnetik" title="Lafab fonetik bevünetik – वोलापुक" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lafab fonetik bevünetik" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="वोलापुक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_fonetike_etern%C3%A5cion%C3%A5" title="Alfabet fonetike eternåcionå – वाल्लून" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Alfabet fonetike eternåcionå" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="वाल्लून" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankanasoran_Abakadahan_Fonetiko" title="Pankanasoran Abakadahan Fonetiko – वारै" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pankanasoran Abakadahan Fonetiko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="वारै" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" title="国际音标 – वू चीनी" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="国际音标" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="वू चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ერეფოშქაშე ფონეტიკური ანბანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ერეფოშქაშე ფონეტიკური ანბანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="अच्छा लेख"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標 – चीनी" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="國際音標" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%9C%8B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99%E5%AD%97" title="萬國音標字 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="萬國音標字" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kok-ch%C3%A8_Im-phiau" title="Kok-chè Im-phiau – मिन नान" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kok-chè Im-phiau" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="मिन नान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標 – कैंटोनीज़" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="國際音標" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="कैंटोनीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q21204#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="अंतरभाषा कड़ियाँ संपादित करें" class="wbc-editpage">कड़ियाँ संपादित करें</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="नामस्थान"> <div 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href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" rel="discussion" title="सामग्री पृष्ठ के बारे में वार्तालाप [t]" accesskey="t"><span>संवाद</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="भाषा का प्रकार बदलें" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE"><span>पढ़ें</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&action=edit" title="इस पृष्ठ के स्रोत कोड को संपादित करें [e]" accesskey="e"><span>सम्पादित करें</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&action=history" title="इस पृष्ठ के पुराने अवतरण [h]" accesskey="h"><span>इतिहास देखें</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="पृष्ठ उपकरण"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="उपकरण" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> क्रियाएँ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE"><span>पढ़ें</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&action=edit" title="इस पृष्ठ के स्रोत कोड को संपादित करें [e]" accesskey="e"><span>सम्पादित करें</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&action=history"><span>इतिहास देखें</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div 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href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:RecentChangesLinked/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" rel="nofollow" title="यहाँ जुड़े हुए सभी पन्नों में हुए हाल के बदलाव [k]" accesskey="k"><span>पृष्ठ से जुड़े बदलाव</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/विकिपीडिया:अपलोड" title="फ़ाइल अपलोड करें [u]" accesskey="u"><span>चित्र अपलोड करें</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="सभी विशेष पृष्ठों की सूची [q]" accesskey="q"><span>विशेष पृष्ठ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&oldid=6259060" title="पृष्ठ के इस संस्करण की स्थायी कड़ी"><span>स्थायी कड़ी</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&action=info" title="इस पृष्ठ के बारे में अधिक जानकारी"><span>पृष्ठ की जानकारी</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:CiteThisPage&page=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&id=6259060&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="इस पृष्ठ को उद्धृत करने के बारे में जानकारी"><span>यह लेख उद्धृत करें</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">मुक्त ज्ञानकोश विकिपीडिया से</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hi" dir="ltr"><p><b>अन्तरराष्ट्रीय ध्वन्यात्मक वर्णमाला</b> (अ॰ध॰व॰) एक ऐसी है। जिसमें विश्व की सारी भाषाओं की ध्वनियाँ लिखी जा सकती हैं। इसके प्रत्येक अक्षर और उसकी ध्वनि का एक-से-एक का सम्बन्ध होता है। आरम्भ में इसके अधिकतर अक्षर से लिए गए थे, लेकिन जैसे-जैसे इसमें विश्व की बहुत सी भाषाओं की ध्वनियाँ जोड़ी जाने लगी तो बहुत से से प्रेरित अक्षर लिए गए और कई बिलकुल ही नए अक्षरों का अविष्कार किया गया। इसमें सन् २०१० तक १६० से अधिक ध्वनियों के लिए चिह्न दर्ज किये जा चुके थे, किन्तु किसी भी एक भाषा को दर्शाने के लिए इस वर्णमाला के एक भाग की ही आवश्यकता होती है। </p><p>इस प्रणाली के ध्वन्यात्मक (ट्रान्स्क्रिप्शन) में सूक्ष्म प्रतिलेखन [ ] के चिह्नों के बीच में और स्थूल प्रतिलेखन / / के चिह्नों के अन्दर लिखे जाते हैं। इसकी नियामक है। उदाहरण के लिए: </p> <ul><li><dl><dd>This is a wikipedia.</dd></dl></li> <li><b> उच्चारण </b>:द़िस् इज़् अ वेब्पेइज् अव़् विकिपीडिया।</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="स्वर"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.B0"></span>स्वर</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=1" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: स्वर"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="स्वर">स्वरों</a> को कई तरह से वर्गीकृत किया जा सकता है : </p> <ol><li>जिह्वा की ऊँचाई की दृष्टि से : <ol><li>विवृत (खुला हुआ, यानि कि जीभ नीचे गिरी हुई है) / Open</li> <li>अर्धविवृत / half-open</li> <li>बीच का</li> <li>अर्धसंवृत / half-closed</li> <li>संवृत (अत्यन्त संकीर्ण, यानि कि जीभ मुँह की छत तक उठी हुई है) / closed</li></ol></li> <li>जिह्वा का कौन हिस्सा उठा हुआ है front vowel <ol><li>/ mid vowel</li> <li>/ back vowel</li></ol></li> <li>होंठों की स्थिति से : <ol><li>प्रसृत (खुले होंठ) / unrounded</li> <li>वर्तुल (गोलाकार होंठ) / rounded</li> <li>अर्ध-वर्तुल / semi-rounded</li></ol></li> <li>मात्रा की दृष्टि से : <ol><li>ह्रस्व / short</li> <li>दीर्घ / long</li> <li>प्लुत / very long</li></ol></li></ol> <p>नीचे दी गयी तालिका में सभी भाषाओं के स्वरों का वैज्ञानिक वर्गीकरण और उनके <b>IPA वर्णाक्षर</b> दिये गये हैं : </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2">  </td> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD">अग्रस्वर </th> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD">लगभग अग्रस्वर </th> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD">मध्यस्वर </th> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD">लगभग पश्वस्वर </th> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFDEAD">पश्वस्वर </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td style="width:2em; background-color:#FFDEAD">प्रसृत </td> <td style="width:2em; background-color:#FFDEAD">वर्तुल </td> <td style="width:2em; background-color:#FFDEAD">प्रसृत </td> <td style="width:2em; background-color:#FFDEAD">वर्तुल </td> <td style="width:2em; background-color:#FFDEAD">प्रसृत </td> <td style="width:2em; background-color:#FFDEAD">वर्तुल </td> <td style="width:2em; background-color:#FFDEAD">प्रसृत </td> <td style="width:2em; background-color:#FFDEAD">वर्तुल </td> <td style="width:2em; background-color:#FFDEAD">प्रसृत </td> <td style="width:2em; background-color:#FFDEAD">वर्तुल </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#FFDEAD; text-align:left">संवृत </th> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0069 (i)" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span> </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0079 (y)" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">y</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0268" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɨ</span> </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0289" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʉ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+026F" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɯ</span> </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0075 (u)" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#FFDEAD; text-align:left">लगभग संवृत </th> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+026A" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɪ</span> </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+028F" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʏ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+028A" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʊ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#FFDEAD; text-align:left">अर्धसंवृत </th> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0065 (e)" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">e</span> </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+00F8" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ø</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0258" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɘ</span> </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0275" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɵ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0264" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɤ</span> </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+006F (o)" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">o</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#FFDEAD; text-align:left">बीच का </th> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="2" title="Unicode-Code: U+0259" style="text-align:center"><i>Schwa:</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ə</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#FFDEAD; text-align:left">अर्धविवृत </th> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+025B" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɛ</span> </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0153" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">œ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+025C" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɜ</span> </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+025E" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɞ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+028C" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʌ</span> </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0254" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɔ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#FFDEAD; text-align:left">लगभग विवृत </th> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+00E6" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="2" title="Unicode-Code: U+0250" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɐ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#FFDEAD; text-align:left">विवृत </th> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0061 (a)" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span> </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0276" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɶ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0251" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɑ</span> </td> <td title="Unicode-Code: U+0252" style="text-align:center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɒ</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>जिस स्वर पर बलाघात लगता है, उसके शब्दांश के पहले एक << ' >> का निशान लगा दिया जाता है। जिस स्वर में होता है, उसके ऊपर टिल्ड << ~ >> का निशान लगा दिया जाता है। दीर्घ स्वरों के बाद <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ː</span> का निशान लगाया जाता है। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="व्यंजन"><span id=".E0.A4.B5.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AF.E0.A4.82.E0.A4.9C.E0.A4.A8"></span>व्यंजन</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=2" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: व्यंजन"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>इस तालिका में सभी भाषाओं के <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="व्यंजन">व्यंजन</a> दिये गये हैं, उनके <b>IPA वर्णाक्षरों</b> के साथ। </p> <table border="2" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="द्वयोष्ठ्य व्यंजन">द्वयोष्ठ्य</a> <br /><small>(Bilabial)</small></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="दन्त्यौष्ठ्य व्यंजन">दन्त्यौष्ठ्य</a> <br /><small>(Labio-dental)</small></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="दन्त्य व्यंजन">दन्त्य</a> <br /><small>(Dental)</small></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="वर्त्स्य व्यंजन">वर्त्स्य</a> <br /><small>(Alveolar)</small></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="पश्वर्त्स्य व्यंजन">पश्वर्त्स्य</a> <br /><small>(Post-alveolar)</small></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="मूर्धन्य व्यंजन">मूर्धन्य</a> <br /><small>(Retroflex)</small></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="तालव्य व्यंजन">तालव्य</a> <br /><small>(Palatal)</small></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="कण्ठ्य व्यंजन">कण्ठ्य</a> <br /><small>(Velar)</small></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="अलिजिह्वीय व्यंजन">अलिजिह्वीय</a> <br /><small>(Uvular)</small></th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="उपालिजिह्वीय व्यंजन (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">उपालिजिह्वीय</a> <br /><small>(Pharyngeal)</small></th> <th>कण्ठच्छदीय <br /><small>(Epiglottal)</small></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="काकलीय व्यंजन">काकलीय</a> <br /><small>(Glottal)</small> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पर्श व्यंजन">स्पर्श</a> <br /><small>(Plosive)</small></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6" title="अघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श">p</a>   <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6" title="घोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श">b</a></td> <td>   </td> <td colspan="3">t    d</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʈ</span>   <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɖ</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6" title="अघोष तालव्य स्पर्श">c</a>   [[घोष तालव्य स्पर्श|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɟ</span>]]</td> <td>k   g</td> <td>q   G</td> <td>   </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʡ</span>    </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʔ</span>     </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="नासिक्य व्यंजन">नासिक्य</a> <br /><small>(Nasal)</small></b></td> <td>    <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="द्वयोष्ठ्य नासिक्य">m</a></td> <td>    [[दन्त्यौष्ठ्य नासिक्य|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɱ</span>]]</td> <td colspan="3">[[अघोष वर्त्स्य नासिक्य|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">n̥</span>]]    <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF,_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="दन्त्य, वर्त्स्य और पश्वर्त्स्य नासिक्य">n</a></td> <td>    [[मूर्धन्य नासिक्य|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɳ</span>]]</td> <td>    [[तालव्य नासिक्य|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɲ</span>]]</td> <td>    [[कण्ठ्य नासिक्य|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋ</span>]]</td> <td>    [[अलिजिह्वीय नासिक्य|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɴ</span>]]</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="लुण्ठित व्यंजन">लुण्ठित</a> <br /><small>(Trill)</small></b></td> <td>    <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="द्वयोष्ठ्य लुण्ठित">B</a></td> <td></td> <td colspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">r̥</span>    r</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>    <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʀ</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="उत्क्षिप्त व्यंजन">उत्क्षिप्त</a> <br /><small>(Tap/Flap)</small></b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td colspan="3">[[अघोष दन्त्य और वर्त्स्य उत्क्षिप्त|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɾ̥</span>]]    [[दन्त्य और वर्त्स्य उत्क्षिप्त|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɾ</span>]]</td> <td>    [[मूर्धन्य उत्क्षिप्त|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɽ</span>]]</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="संघर्षी व्यंजन">संघर्षी</a> <br /><small>(Fricative)</small></b></td> <td>[[अघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य संघर्षी|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɸ</span>]]   [[घोष द्वयोष्ठ्य संघर्षी|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">β</span>]]</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">f</span>   <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">v</span></td> <td>[[थ़|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">θ</span>]]   [[घोष दन्त्य संघर्षी|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ð</span>]]</td> <td>s   z</td> <td>[[अघोष पश्वर्त्स्य संघर्षी|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʃ</span>]]   [[घोष पश्वर्त्स्य संघर्षी|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʒ</span>]]</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʂ</span>   <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʐ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ç</span>   <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʝ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">x</span>   <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɣ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">χ</span>   <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʁ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ħ</span>   <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʕ</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʜ</span>   <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʢ</span></td> <td>h   <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɦ</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b>पार्श्विक संघर्षी <br /><small>(Lateral fricative)</small></b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td colspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɬ</span>    <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɮ</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b>अन्तःस्थ <br /><small>(Approximant)</small></b></td> <td></td> <td>    <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʋ</span></td> <td colspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɹ̥</span>    <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɹ</span></td> <td>    <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɻ</span></td> <td>    j</td> <td>    <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɰ</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><b>पार्श्विक अन्तस्थ <br /><small>(Lateral approximant)</small></b></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td colspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l̥</span>    l</td> <td>    <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɭ</span></td> <td>    <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʎ</span></td> <td>    <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʟ</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>इस पृष्ठ में ध्वन्यात्मक चिह्न दिये गये हैं जो कुछ ब्राउज़र पर शायद ठीक से न दिखें। <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Technical_note" class="extiw" title="en:International Phonetic Alphabet">(सहायता)</a><br />जहाँ भी चिह्न जोड़ी में गिये गये हैं, वहाँ दाहिना चिह्न <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="घोष (स्वनविज्ञान)">घोष व्यंजन</a> के लिये है और बाएँ वाला <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण">अघोष व्यंजन</a> के लिये। शेडेड क्षेत्र उन ध्वनियों के लिये हैं जो मानवों के लिए असम्भव मानी जाती हैं। </p><p>ध्यान दें कि <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="महाप्राण और अल्पप्राण व्यंजन">महाप्राण ध्वनियों</a> - जैसे ख, घ, फ, ध, आदि - के लिये उसके <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="महाप्राण और अल्पप्राण व्यंजन">अल्पप्राण</a> चिह्न के बाद ऊपर की ओर एक छोटा <b>h</b> का निशान लगाया जाता है, जैसे : </p> <ul><li>ख / <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kʰ</span> /</li> <li>भ / <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">bʰ</span> /</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="दन्त्य व्यंजन">दन्त्य व्यंजन</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="वर्त्स्य व्यंजन">वर्त्स्य व्यंजनों</a> से अलग दिखाने के लिये ऐसे लिखे जा सकते हैं : </p> <ul><li>त / <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t̪</span> /</li> <li>द / <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">d̪</span> /</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6042981">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}</style><table class="infobox" style=";"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#f2f2ce; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">vowel</a> chart</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="font-size:100%; line-height:1.4em;background:transparent; background:#f9f9f9;; margin:0em auto 0em auto;;" cellspacing="0"> <caption style="background:#f2f2ce; font-weight:bold;"> </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <th style="width:58px;"><span style="position:relative; left:-0.4em; font-size:90%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Front vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Front</a></span> </th> <td style="width:58px; font-size:80%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-front_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-front vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">near-front</a> </td> <th style="width:60px; font-size:90%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Central</a> </th> <td style="width:58px; font-size:80%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-back_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-back vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">near-back</a> </td> <th style="width:58px; font-size:90%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Back_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Back vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="height:30px; text-align:right; font-size:90%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Close</a> </th> <td style="height:210px;" colspan="5" rowspan="7"><div style="position:relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/300px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/450px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/600px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span><div style="background:transparent; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;"> <table style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent; font-size:131%;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div style="position:absolute; top:3px; left:-1px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close front unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">i</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close front rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">y</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:3px; left:120px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_central_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close central unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɨ</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_central_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close central rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʉ</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:3px; left:240px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close back unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɯ</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close back rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">u</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:33px; left:75px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɪ</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʏ</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:33px; left:129px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-close_central_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-close central unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɪ̈</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-close_central_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-close central rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʊ̈</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:33px; left:185px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-close_near-back_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-close near-back vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʊ</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:64px; left:40px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">e</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ø</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:64px; left:140px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɘ</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɵ</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:64px; left:240px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɤ</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">o</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:95px; left:60px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid front unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">e̞</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid front rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ø̞</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:95px; left:150px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-central_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-central vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ə</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:95px; left:240px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid back unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɤ̞</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid back rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">o̞</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:124px; left:80px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɛ</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">œ</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:124px; left:160px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɜ</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɞ</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:124px; left:240px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʌ</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɔ</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:155px; left:100px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">æ</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:155px; left:169px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-open_central_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-open central vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɐ</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:183px; left:120px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open front unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">a</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_front_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open front rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɶ</a></span></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:183px; left:179px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_central_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open central unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ä</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"></span></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; top:183px; left:240px; width:60px; height:1px; background:transparent;"><span style="position:absolute; left:20px; width:20px;"><span style="text-align:center; background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">•</span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:0px; width:25px; text-align:right; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 1px 0px 2px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open back unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɑ</a></span></span></span><span style="position:absolute; left:35px; width:25px; text-align:left; background:transparent;"><span style="background:#FFFFF5; padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open back rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɒ</a></span></span></span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:30px; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-close_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-close vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Near-close</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:30px; text-align:right; font-size:90%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Close-mid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="height:30px; text-align:right; font-size:90%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Mid</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="height:30px; text-align:right; font-size:90%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Open-mid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:30px; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-open_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-open vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Near-open</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="height:30px; text-align:right; font-size:90%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Open</a> </th></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:88%; padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background:#f1f1f1;">Paired vowels are: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundedness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roundedness (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">unrounded</a><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> • </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roundedness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roundedness (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">rounded</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:88%; padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background:#f1f1f1;">This table contains <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonetic (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">phonetic</a> symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Technical_note" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">(Help)</a>.</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="yes"><hr /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="सहायता:IPA">IPA help</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:IPA_for_English" class="mw-redirect" title="सहायता:IPA for English">IPA key</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:IPA_vowel_chart_2005.png&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="चित्र:IPA vowel chart 2005.png (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">chart</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_vowels_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowels chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPA_vowels_chart_with_audio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPA vowels chart with audio (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">chart with audio</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:IPA_vowel_chart" title="साँचा:IPA vowel chart">view</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6042981"><table class="infobox" style=";"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#f2f2ce; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA">IPA</a> chart pulmonic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Consonants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consonants (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">consonants</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="margin:0em auto 0em auto; font-size:140%; line-height:1.4em; padding:0em 0.1em 0.1em 0.1em; background:transparent; ;; margin:0em auto 0em auto;; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center; vertical-align:text-top; background:transparent;"> <caption style="background:#f2f2ce; font-weight:bold;"> </caption> <tbody><tr style="font-size:71.5%; line-height:1.1em;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; text-align:left; padding-left:0.1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Place_of_articulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Place of articulation (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Place</a> → </td> <td style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0" colspan="4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labial_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labial consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Labial</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0" colspan="8"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronal_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coronal consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Coronal</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0" colspan="6"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorsal_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorsal consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Dorsal</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0" colspan="4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radical_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radical consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Radical</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid; border-width:0px 1px 1px 0" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glottal_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glottal consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Glottal</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:2px solid; vertical-align:top; font-size:71.5%; line-height:1.1em;"> <td style="width:*; vertical-align:bottom; border-right:2px solid; text-align:left; padding-left:0.1em;">↓ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manner_of_articulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manner of articulation (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Manner</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:3em;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilabial_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilabial consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Bilabial</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:3em;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labiodental_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labiodental consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Labiodental</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:3em;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dental_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dental consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Dental</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:3em;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Alveolar</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:3em;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postalveolar_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postalveolar consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Postalveolar</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:3em;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retroflex_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retroflex consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Retroflex</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:3em;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatal_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatal consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Palatal</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:3em;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velar_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velar consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Velar</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:3em;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uvular_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uvular consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Uvular</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:3em;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharyngeal_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pharyngeal consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Pharyngeal</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:3em;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiglottal_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epiglottal consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Epiglottal</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:3em;" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glottal_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glottal consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Glottal</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; text-align:left; padding-left:0.1em; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasal_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasal consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Nasal</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="दन्त्यौष्ठ्य नासिक्य">ɱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dental_nasal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dental nasal (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">n̪</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="वर्त्स्य नासिक्य">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="मूर्धन्य नासिक्य">ɳ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="तालव्य नासिक्य">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="कण्ठ्य नासिक्य">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="अलिजिह्वीय नासिक्य">ɴ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc;" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid; line-height:1.25em; padding-bottom:0.15em; vertical-align:text-top;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; text-align:left; padding-left:0.1em; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plosive_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plosive consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Plosive</a> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6" title="अघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श">p</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6" title="घोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_labiodental_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless labiodental plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">p̪</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_labiodental_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced labiodental plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">b̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless dental plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">t̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced dental plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">d̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolar plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">d</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_retroflex_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʈ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced retroflex plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɖ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6" title="अघोष तालव्य स्पर्श">c</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6" title="घोष तालव्य स्पर्श">ɟ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">k</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced velar plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_uvular_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless uvular plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">q</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_uvular_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced uvular plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɢ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiglottal_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epiglottal plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʡ<span class="wrap"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glottal_stop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glottal stop (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʔ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc"> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; text-align:left; padding-left:0.1em; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fricative_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fricative consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Fricative</a> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="अघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य संघर्षी">ɸ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="घोष द्वयोष्ठ्य संघर्षी">β</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_labiodental_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">f</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_labiodental_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced labiodental fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="अघोष दन्त्य संघर्षी">θ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="घोष दन्त्य संघर्षी">ð</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar sibilant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">s</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_sibilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolar sibilant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">z</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="अघोष पश्वर्त्स्य संघर्षी">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="घोष पश्वर्त्स्य संघर्षी">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_retroflex_sibilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless retroflex sibilant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʂ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_sibilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced retroflex sibilant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless palatal fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ç</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_palatal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced palatal fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">x</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced velar fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_uvular_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless uvular fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">χ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_uvular_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced uvular fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʁ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ħ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_epiglottal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless epiglottal fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʜ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_epiglottal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced epiglottal fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_glottal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless glottal fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">h</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_glottal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced glottal fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɦ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; text-align:left; padding-left:0.1em; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Approximant_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Approximant consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Approximant</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labiodental_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labiodental approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʋ</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɹ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retroflex_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retroflex approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɻ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatal_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatal approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velar_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velar approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; text-align:left; padding-left:0.1em; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trill_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trill consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Trill</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4" title="द्वयोष्ठ्य लुण्ठित">ʙ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_trill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar trill (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">r</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; text-align:right" colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retroflex_trill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retroflex trill (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɽ͡r</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uvular_trill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uvular trill (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʀ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; text-align:right" colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiglottal_trill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epiglottal trill (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)"><span class="nowrap">я *</span></a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; text-align:left; padding-left:0.1em; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flap_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flap consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Flap or tap</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilabial_flap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilabial flap (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ⱱ̟</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labiodental_flap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labiodental flap (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ⱱ</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="वर्त्स्य उत्क्षिप्त">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="मूर्धन्य उत्क्षिप्त">ɽ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; text-align:right"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uvular_flap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uvular flap (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɢ̆</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiglottal_flap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epiglottal flap (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʡ̯</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; text-align:left; padding-left:0.1em; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lateral consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Lateral</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fricative_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fricative consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">fricative</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɮ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɭ˔̊</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless palatal lateral fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʎ̥˔</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_lateral_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar lateral fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʟ̝̊</a></span> </td> <td style="width:0.5em; border-right:1px solid;"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; text-align:left; padding-left:0.1em; font-size:71.5%;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lateral consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Lateral</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Approximant_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Approximant consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">approximant</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_lateral_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar lateral approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">l</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retroflex_lateral_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retroflex lateral approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɭ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatal_lateral_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatal lateral approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʎ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velar_lateral_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velar lateral approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʟ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; text-align:left; padding-left:0.1em; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_flap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lateral flap (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Lateral flap</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_lateral_flap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar lateral flap (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɺ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; text-align:right" colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retroflex_lateral_flap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retroflex lateral flap (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɺ̢</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatal_lateral_flap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatal lateral flap (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʎ̯</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; background:#ccc" colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:88%; padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background:#f1f1f1;">Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">voiceless—voiced</a> consonants</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:88%; padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background:#f1f1f1;">This table contains <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonetic (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">phonetic</a> symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Technical_note" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">(Help)</a>.</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="yes"><hr /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="सहायता:IPA">IPA help</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:IPA_for_English" class="mw-redirect" title="सहायता:IPA for English">IPA key</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:IPA_consonants_2005.png" title="चित्र:IPA consonants 2005.png">chart</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_pulmonic_consonants_chart_with_audio" title="IPA pulmonic consonants chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPA_pulmonic_consonants_chart_with_audio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPA pulmonic consonants chart with audio (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">chart with audio</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:IPA_chart_pulmonic_consonants" title="साँचा:IPA chart pulmonic consonants">view</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6042981"><table class="infobox" style=";"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#f2f2ce; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> chart non-pulmonic consonants</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center; line-height:1.5; vertical-align:text-top; background:transparent; ;; margin:0em auto 0em auto;; font-size:140%;"> <caption style="background:#f2f2ce; font-weight:bold;"> </caption> <tbody><tr style="border-top:1px solid; border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; width:5em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Click_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Click consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Clicks</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilabial_click&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilabial click (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʘ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dental_click&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dental click (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ǀ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_click&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar click (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ǃ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatal_click&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatal click (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ǂ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_click&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lateral click (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ǁ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Implosive_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Implosive consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Implosives</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_bilabial_implosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced bilabial implosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɓ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_implosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolar implosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɗ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_palatal_implosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced palatal implosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʄ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_implosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced retroflex implosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ᶑ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_implosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced velar implosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɠ<span class="wrap"> </span></a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_uvular_implosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced uvular implosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʛ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td rowspan="3" style="border-right:2px solid; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ejective_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ejective consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Ejectives</a> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilabial_ejective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilabial ejective (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">pʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_ejective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar ejective (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">tʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatal_ejective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatal ejective (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">cʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retroflex_ejective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retroflex ejective (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʈʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velar_ejective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velar ejective (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">kʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uvular_ejective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uvular ejective (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">qʼ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labiodental_ejective_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labiodental ejective fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">fʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dental_ejective_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dental ejective fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">θʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_ejective_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar ejective fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">sʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_lateral_ejective_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar lateral ejective fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velar_ejective_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velar ejective fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">xʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uvular_ejective_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uvular ejective fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">χʼ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid; line-height:1.5em;"> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_ejective_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar ejective affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">tsʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_lateral_ejective_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar lateral ejective affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">tɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatal_lateral_ejective_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatal lateral ejective affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">cʎ̝̥ʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palato-alveolar_ejective_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palato-alveolar ejective affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">tʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retroflex_ejective_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retroflex ejective affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʈʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velar_ejective_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velar ejective affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">kxʼ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velar_lateral_ejective_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velar lateral ejective affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">kʟ̝̊ʼ</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:88%; padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background:#f1f1f1;">Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">voiceless—voiced</a> consonants</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:88%; padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background:#f1f1f1;">This table contains <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonetic (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">phonetic</a> symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Technical_note" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">(Help)</a>.</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="yes"><hr /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="सहायता:IPA">IPA help</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:IPA_for_English" class="mw-redirect" title="सहायता:IPA for English">IPA key</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:IPA_non-pulmonic_2005.png&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="चित्र:IPA non-pulmonic 2005.png (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">chart</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:IPA_chart_non-pulmonic_consonants" title="साँचा:IPA chart non-pulmonic consonants">view</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6042981"><table class="infobox" style=";"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#f2f2ce; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> chart <a href="/w/index.php?title=Affricate_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Affricate consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">affricate consonants</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; background:transparent; ;; margin:0em auto 0em auto;; font-size:140%; line-height:1.5em;"> <caption style="background:#f2f2ce; font-weight:bold;"> </caption> <tbody><tr style="border-top:1px solid; border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_labiodental_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless labiodental affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">p̪f</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_labiodental_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced labiodental affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">b̪v</a></span> </td> <td style="width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ts</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolar affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">dz</a></span> </td> <td style="width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">tʃ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced palato-alveolar affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">dʒ</a></span> </td> <td style="width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">tɕ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">dʑ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_retroflex_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʈʂ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced retroflex affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɖʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">tɬ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_lateral_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolar lateral affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">dɮ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless palatal affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">cç</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_palatal_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced palatal affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɟʝ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:88%; padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background:#f1f1f1;">Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">voiceless—voiced</a> consonants</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:88%; padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background:#f1f1f1;">This table contains <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonetic (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">phonetic</a> symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Technical_note" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">(Help)</a>.</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="yes"><hr /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="सहायता:IPA">IPA help</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:IPA_for_English" class="mw-redirect" title="सहायता:IPA for English">IPA key</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Affricate_ligatures.png" title="चित्र:Affricate ligatures.png">chart</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:IPA_chart_affricate_consonants" title="साँचा:IPA chart affricate consonants">view</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6042981"><table class="infobox" style=";"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#f2f2ce; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Co-articulated_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Co-articulated consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)"><span class="nowrap">Co-articulated consonants</span></a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center; vertical-align:text-top; background:transparent; ;; margin:0em auto 0em auto;; font-size:140%; line-height:1.4;"> <caption style="background:#f2f2ce; font-weight:bold;"> </caption> <tbody><tr style="border-top:1px solid; border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; padding-left=0.25em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fricative_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fricative consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Fricatives</a> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_sibilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɕ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolo-palatal_sibilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʑ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sje-sound&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sje-sound (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɧ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; width:*; padding-left=0.25em; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Approximant_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Approximant consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Approximants</a> </td> <td style="width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_labio-velar_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless labio-velar approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʍ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_labio-velar_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced labio-velar approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">w</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labial-palatal_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labial-palatal approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɥ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid; width:1.6em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɫ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid; vertical-align:middle;"> <td style="border-right:2px solid; padding-left=0.25em; text-align:left; font-size:71.5%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stop consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Stops</a> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_labial-velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless labial-velar plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">k͡p</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_labial-velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced labial-velar plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɡ͡b</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;" colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labial-velar_nasal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labial-velar nasal (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ŋ͡m</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:88%; padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background:#f1f1f1;">Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced consonant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">voiceless—voiced</a> consonants</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:88%; padding:0em 0.5em 0em 0.5em; background:#f1f1f1;">This table contains <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonetic (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">phonetic</a> symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Technical_note" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">(Help)</a>.</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="yes"><hr /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="सहायता:IPA">IPA help</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:IPA_for_English" class="mw-redirect" title="सहायता:IPA for English">IPA key</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:IPA_co-articulated_2005.png" title="चित्र:IPA co-articulated 2005.png">chart</a></span> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:IPA_chart_co-articulated_consonants" title="साँचा:IPA chart co-articulated consonants">view</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:IPA_Chart_Rev_1993.png" class="mw-file-description" title="अंग्रेजी में IPA की तालिका"><img alt="अंग्रेजी में IPA की तालिका" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/IPA_Chart_Rev_1993.png/600px-IPA_Chart_Rev_1993.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="789" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/IPA_Chart_Rev_1993.png/900px-IPA_Chart_Rev_1993.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/IPA_Chart_Rev_1993.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1315" /></a><figcaption>अंग्रेजी में IPA की तालिका</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viet_Nam">Viet Nam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=3" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: Viet Nam"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">व्यंजन </th></tr> <tr> <th>आईपीए</th> <th>हिन्दी</th> <th>उर्दू</th> <th>तुल्य अंग्रेज़ी </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">k</a></span></big> </td> <td>क</td> <td>ک</td> <td align="left">s<b>c</b>an </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> k<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="महाप्राण व्यंजन">ʰ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ख</td> <td>کھ</td> <td align="left"><b>c</b>an </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced velar plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɡ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ग</td> <td>گ</td> <td align="left">a<b>g</b>ate </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ɡ<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="महाप्राण व्यंजन">ʱ</a></span></big> </td> <td>घ</td> <td>گھ</td> <td align="left">pi<b>gh</b>eaded </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="कण्ठ्य नासिक्य">ŋ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ङ </td> <td></td> <td align="left">ba<b>n</b>k </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">tʃ</a></span></big> </td> <td>च</td> <td>چ</td> <td align="left">ca<b>tch</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> tʃ<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="महाप्राण व्यंजन">ʰ</a></span></big> </td> <td>छ</td> <td>چھ</td> <td align="left"><b>ch</b>oose </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced palato-alveolar affricate (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">dʒ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ज</td> <td>ج</td> <td align="left">he<b>dg</b>e </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> dʒ<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="महाप्राण व्यंजन">ʱ</a></span></big> </td> <td>झ</td> <td>جھ</td> <td align="left">he<b>dgeh</b>og </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɲ</span> </td> <td>ञ </td> <td> </td> <td>Pu<b>n</b>jab </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_retroflex_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʈ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ट</td> <td>ٹ</td> <td align="left">a<b>rt</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ʈ<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="महाप्राण व्यंजन">ʰ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronal_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ठ</td> <td>ٹھ</td> <td align="left">a<b>rt-h</b>istorian </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_retroflex_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced retroflex plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɖ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronal_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ड</td> <td>ڈ</td> <td align="left">gua<b>rd</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ɖ<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="महाप्राण व्यंजन">ʱ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronal_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ढ</td> <td>ڈھ</td> <td align="left">gua<b>rdh</b>ouse </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="मूर्धन्य नासिक्य">ɳ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ण </td> <td></td> <td align="left">bu<b>rn</b>er <br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless dental plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">t̪</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronal_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>त</td> <td>ت</td> <td align="left">s<b>t</b>able </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> t̪<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="महाप्राण व्यंजन">ʰ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronal_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>थ</td> <td>تھ</td> <td align="left"><b>t</b>able </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced dental plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">d̪</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronal_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>द</td> <td>د</td> <td align="left">a<b>d</b>o </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> d̪<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="महाप्राण व्यंजन">ʱ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-coronal_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coronal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ध</td> <td>دھ</td> <td align="left">a<b>dh</b>ere </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="वर्त्स्य नासिक्य">n</a></span></big> </td> <td>न </td> <td></td> <td align="left"><b>n</b>ot </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6" title="अघोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श">p</a></span></big> </td> <td>प</td> <td>پ</td> <td align="left">s<b>p</b>an </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> p<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="महाप्राण व्यंजन">ʰ</a></span></big> </td> <td>फ</td> <td>پھ</td> <td align="left"><b>p</b>an <br />(often pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[f]</span> in Hindi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_labiodental_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">f</a></span></big> </td> <td>फ़</td> <td>ف</td> <td align="left"><b>f</b>ood </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6" title="घोष द्वयोष्ठ्य स्पर्श">b</a></span></big> </td> <td>ब</td> <td>ب</td> <td align="left">a<b>b</b>ash </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> b<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="महाप्राण व्यंजन">ʱ</a></span></big> </td> <td>भ</td> <td>بھ</td> <td align="left">a<b>bh</b>or </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial nasal">m</a></span></big> </td> <td>म </td> <td></td> <td align="left"><b>m</b>uch </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatal_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatal approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">j</a></span></big> </td> <td>य </td> <td></td> <td align="left"><b>y</b>ak </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="वर्त्स्य उत्क्षिप्त">ɾ</a></span></big> </td> <td>र </td> <td></td> <td align="left">trilled <i>r</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_lateral_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar lateral approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">l</a></span></big> </td> <td>ल </td> <td></td> <td align="left"><b>l</b>eaf </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labiodental_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labiodental approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʋ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-vwallophone_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vwallophone-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>व </td> <td></td> <td align="left">varies between <i>w</i> and <i>v</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="अघोष पश्वर्त्स्य संघर्षी">ʃ</a></span></big> </td> <td>श</td> <td>ش</td> <td align="left"><b>sh</b>oe </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_retroflex_sibilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless retroflex sibilant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʂ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ष </td> <td></td> <td align="left">wo<b>rsh</b>ip <br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless alveolar sibilant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">s</a></span></big> </td> <td>स</td> <td>س</td> <td align="left"><b>s</b>ue </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_glottal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless glottal fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">h</a></span></big> </td> <td>ः</td> <td rowspan="2">ح</td> <td align="left"><b>h</b>ead </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_glottal_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced glottal fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɦ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ह</td> <td align="left">a<b>h</b>ead </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_uvular_plosive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless uvular plosive (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">q</a></span></big> </td> <td>क़</td> <td>ق</td> <td align="left">a <i>k</i> in the throat <br />(Urdu; often <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span> in Hindi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_velar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiceless velar fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">x</a></span></big> </td> <td>ख़</td> <td>خ</td> <td align="left">Ba<b>ch</b> <br /><span class="nowrap">(Urdu; often <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kʰ]</span> in Hindi)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_velar_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced velar fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɣ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ग़</td> <td>غ</td> <td align="left">like a French <i>r</i> <br />(Urdu; often <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ]</span> in Hindi). Close to uvular flap. </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="मूर्धन्य उत्क्षिप्त">ɽ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ड़</td> <td>ڑ</td> <td align="left">US: la<i>rd</i>er </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ɽ<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="महाप्राण व्यंजन">ʱ</a></span></big> </td> <td>ढ़</td> <td>ڑھ</td> <td align="left">as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɽ]</span> plus <i>h</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_sibilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced alveolar sibilant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">z</a></span></big> </td> <td>ज़</td> <td>ز</td> <td align="left"><b>z</b>en </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="घोष पश्वर्त्स्य संघर्षी">ʒ</a></span></big> </td> <td>श़</td> <td>ژ</td> <td align="left">plea<b>s</b>ure </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">स्वर </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>हिन्दी</th> <th>उर्दू</th> <th>तुल्य अंग्रेज़ी </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-central_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-central vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ə</a></span></big> </td> <td>अ, प </td> <td></td> <td align="left"><i>n<b>u</b>t</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open back unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɑː</a></span></big> </td> <td>आ, पा</td> <td>آ, ـا</td> <td align="left"><i>br<b>a</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɪ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-V_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-V-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>इ, पि </td> <td></td> <td align="left"><i>d<b>i</b>ll</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close front unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">iː</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-V_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-V-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ई, पी </td> <td></td> <td align="left"><i>f<b>ee</b>t</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Near-close_near-back_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near-close near-back vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʊ</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-V_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-V-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>उ, पु </td> <td></td> <td align="left"><i>l<b>oo</b>k</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close back rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">uː</a></span></big><sup id="cite_ref-V_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-V-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>ऊ, पू </td> <td></td> <td align="left"><i>l<b>oo</b>t</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">eː</a></span></big> </td> <td>ए, पे</td> <td rowspan="2">ے</td> <td align="left">between <i>y<b>e</b>ll</i> and <i>Y<b>a</b>le</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɛː</a></span></big> </td> <td>ऐ, पै</td> <td align="left"><i>y<b>e</b>ll</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">oː</a></span></big> </td> <td>ओ, पो</td> <td rowspan="2">و</td> <td align="left"><i><b>o</b>ld</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ɔː</a></span></big> </td> <td>औ, पौ</td> <td align="left"><i>l<b>aw</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big>  ̃</big> </td> <td>ँ</td> <td>ں</td> <td align="left">nasal vowel<br />([ãː], [õː], etc.) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suprasegmental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suprasegmental (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Suprasegmentals</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td><big> ˈ</big> </td> <td colspan="2" align="left">stress <br />(placed before stressed syllable) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> ː</big> </td> <td colspan="2" align="left">doubled consonant </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="सन्दर्भ"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AD"></span>सन्दर्भ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=4" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: सन्दर्भ"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-coronal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-coronal_1-0">अ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-coronal_1-1">आ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-coronal_1-2">इ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-coronal_1-3">ई</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-coronal_1-4">उ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-coronal_1-5">ऊ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-coronal_1-6">ए</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-coronal_1-7">ऐ</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">To an English ear, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪<span class="wrap"> </span>t̪ʰ<span class="wrap"> </span>ʈ<span class="wrap"> </span>ʈʰ]</span> all sound like <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d̪<span class="wrap"> </span>d̪ʱ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɖ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɖʱ]</span> all sound like <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span>. However, to a Hindi-Urdu speaker's ear these are very different sounds. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪<span class="wrap"> </span>d̪]</span> are like Spanish or French <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t<span class="wrap"> </span>d]</span>, with the tongue touching the teeth, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ʰ<span class="wrap"> </span>d̪]</span> are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/θ<span class="wrap"> </span>ð/</span> (the <i>th</i> sounds). Hindi-Urdu <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʈ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɖ]</span> are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʈʰ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɖ]</span> are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English <i>t d</i>; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʈ]</span> is how they hear English <i>t</i> after <i>s</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vwallophone-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-vwallophone_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_labiodental_fricative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced labiodental fricative (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">v</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_labio-velar_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voiced labio-velar approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">w</a>]</span> and intermediate [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labiodental_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labiodental approximant (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">ʋ</a></span>] are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allophone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allophone (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">allophonic</a> in Hindi-Urdu. Some words, such as <i>vrat</i> ('व्रत', fast), are pronounced with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v]</span> and others, such as <i>pakwan</i> ('पकवान', food dish), are pronounced with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-V-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-V_3-0">अ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-V_3-1">आ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-V_3-2">इ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-V_3-3">ई</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/iː,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɪ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/uː,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʊ/</span> are neutralized to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i,<span class="wrap"> </span>u]</span> at the end of a word.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="इन्हें_भी_देखें"><span id=".E0.A4.87.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B9.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.82_.E0.A4.AD.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.96.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.82"></span>इन्हें भी देखें</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=5" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: इन्हें भी देखें"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:IPA_for_Hindi_and_Urdu" title="विकिपीडिया:IPA for Hindi and Urdu">हिन्दी के लिये आई पी ए</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="बाहरी_कड़ियाँ"><span id=".E0.A4.AC.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B9.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.A1.E0.A4.BC.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AF.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.81"></span>बाहरी कड़ियाँ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=6" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: बाहरी कड़ियाँ"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110909171534/http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Hindi_pronunciation">Devanagari, IPA and X-SAMPA mapping</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/uc?id=0B3QLKzA0EHYWZWQyZDZlYmEtN2MyMy00NjRhLTlmYWEtODhjMmQ2ZDIxNDRh&hl=hi">देवनागरी <=> आपीए परिवर्तक</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081227213006/http://dictionary.sensagent.com/Devanagari%20transliteration/en-en/">देवनागरी एवं आइपीए का परस्पर मानचित्रण (मैपिंग)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150831175908/http://easypronunciation.com/en/#index_phonetic_converters">Phonetic Transcription Converters</a> (The phonetic converters are available for : Chinese, English, French, Italian, Japanese, Russian, Russian (stress marks), Spanish)</li> <li><a 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