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187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-13773" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13773"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/andromeda-constellation/">Andromeda Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13774" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13774"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/antlia-constellation/">Antlia Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13775" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13775"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/apus-constellation/">Apus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13776" 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aria-current="page">Capricornus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13789" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13789"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/carina-constellation/">Carina Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13790" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13790"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cassiopeia-constellation/">Cassiopeia Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13791" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13791"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/centaurus-constellation/">Centaurus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13792" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13792"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cepheus-constellation/">Cepheus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13793" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13793"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cetus-constellation/">Cetus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13794" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13794"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/chamaeleon-constellation/">Chamaeleon Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13795" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13795"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/circinus-constellation/">Circinus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13796" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13796"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/columba-constellation/">Columba Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13797" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13797"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/coma-berenices-constellation/">Coma Berenices Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13798" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13798"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-australis-constellation/">Corona Australis Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13799" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13799"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13800" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13800"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corvus-constellation/">Corvus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13801" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13801"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/crater-constellation/">Crater Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13802" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13802"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/crux-constellation/">Crux Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13803" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13803"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cygnus-constellation/">Cygnus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13804" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13804"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/delphinus-constellation/">Delphinus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13805" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13805"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/dorado-constellation/">Dorado Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13806" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13806"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/draco-constellation/">Draco Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13807" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13807"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/equuleus-constellation/">Equuleus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13808" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13808"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/eridanus-constellation/">Eridanus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13809" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13809"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/fornax-constellation/">Fornax Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13810" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13810"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/gemini-constellation/">Gemini Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13811" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13811"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/grus-constellation/">Grus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13812" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13812"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13813" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13813"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/horologium-constellation/">Horologium Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13814" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13814"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hydra-constellation/">Hydra Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13815" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13815"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hydrus-constellation/">Hydrus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13816" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13816"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/indus-constellation/">Indus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13826" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13826"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lacerta-constellation/">Lacerta Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13827" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13827"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/leo-constellation/">Leo Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13828" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13828"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/leo-minor-constellation/">Leo Minor Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13829" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13829"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lepus-constellation/">Lepus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13830" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13830"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/libra-constellation/">Libra Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13831" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13831"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lupus-constellation/">Lupus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13832" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13832"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lynx-constellation/">Lynx Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13833" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13833"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/lyra-constellation/">Lyra Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13834" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13834"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/mensa-constellation/">Mensa Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13835" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13835"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/microscopium-constellation/">Microscopium Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13836" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13836"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/monoceros-constellation/">Monoceros Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13837" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13837"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/musca-constellation/">Musca Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13838" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13838"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/norma-constellation/">Norma Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13839" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13839"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/octans-constellation/">Octans Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13840" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13840"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13841" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13841"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/orion-constellation/">Orion Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13842" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13842"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pavo-constellation/">Pavo Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13843" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13843"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pegasus-constellation/">Pegasus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13844" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13844"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/perseus-constellation/">Perseus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13845" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13845"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/phoenix-constellation/">Phoenix Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13846" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13846"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pictor-constellation/">Pictor Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13847" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13847"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pisces-constellation/">Pisces Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13848" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13848"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/piscis-austrinus-constellation/">Piscis Austrinus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13849" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13849"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/puppis-constellation/">Puppis Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13850" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13850"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pyxis-constellation/">Pyxis Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13851" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13851"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/reticulum-constellation/">Reticulum Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13852" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13852"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagitta-constellation/">Sagitta Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13853" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13853"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagittarius-constellation/">Sagittarius Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13854" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13854"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13855" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13855"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sculptor-constellation/">Sculptor Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13856" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13856"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scutum-constellation/">Scutum Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13857" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13857"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/serpens-constellation/">Serpens Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13858" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13858"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sextans-constellation/">Sextans Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13859" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13859"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/taurus-constellation/">Taurus Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13860" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13860"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/telescopium-constellation/">Telescopium Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13861" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13861"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-australe-constellation/">Triangulum Australe Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13862" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13862"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-constellation/">Triangulum Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13863" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13863"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/tucana-constellation/">Tucana Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13864" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13864"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/">Ursa Major Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13865" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13865"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-minor-constellation/">Ursa Minor Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13866" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13866"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/vela-constellation/">Vela Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13867" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13867"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/virgo-constellation/">Virgo Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13868" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13868"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/volans-constellation/">Volans Constellation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13869" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13869"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/vulpecula-constellation/">Vulpecula Constellation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-13817" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-13817"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Constellation Map</span><div role="none" tabindex="-1" class="caret-wrap 94" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-13870" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13870"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/northern-constellations/">Northern Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13872" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13872"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/southern-constellations/">Southern Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13873" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13873"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/circumpolar-constellations/">Circumpolar Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16671" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16671"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/equatorial-constellations/">Equatorial Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13874" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13874"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/zodiac-constellations/">Zodiac Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13875" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13875"><a 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33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-13967" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13967"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-names/greek-constellations/">Greek Constellations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13819" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13819"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-names/constellation-families/">Constellation Families</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-17273" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-17273"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/asterisms/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Asterisms</span><div role="none" tabindex="-1" class="caret-wrap 105" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" 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33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-14588" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14588"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/what-is-a-constellation/how-many-constellations-are-there/">How Many Constellations Are There?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-17710" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17710"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/caldwell-catalogue/">Caldwell Catalogue</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20558" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-20558"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/telescopes-and-night-sky-guides/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Telescopes and Night Sky Guides</span><div role="none" tabindex="-1" class="caret-wrap 155" style="margin-left:5px;"><span 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9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13773"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/andromeda-constellation/">Andromeda Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13774"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/antlia-constellation/">Antlia Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13775"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/apus-constellation/">Apus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13776"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/aquarius-constellation/">Aquarius Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13777"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/aquila-constellation/">Aquila Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13778"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ara-constellation/">Ara Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13779"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/aries-constellation/">Aries Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13780"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/auriga-constellation/">Auriga Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13781"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/bootes-constellation/">Boötes Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13782"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/caelum-constellation/">Caelum Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13783"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/camelopardalis-constellation/">Camelopardalis Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13784"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cancer-constellation/">Cancer Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13785"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canes-venatici-constellation/">Canes Venatici Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13786"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-major-constellation/">Canis Major Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13787"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/canis-minor-constellation/">Canis Minor Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-297 current_page_item menu-item-13788"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/capricornus-constellation/" aria-current="page">Capricornus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13789"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/carina-constellation/">Carina Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13790"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cassiopeia-constellation/">Cassiopeia Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13791"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/centaurus-constellation/">Centaurus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13792"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cepheus-constellation/">Cepheus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13793"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cetus-constellation/">Cetus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13794"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/chamaeleon-constellation/">Chamaeleon Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13795"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/circinus-constellation/">Circinus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13796"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/columba-constellation/">Columba Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13797"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/coma-berenices-constellation/">Coma Berenices Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13798"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-australis-constellation/">Corona Australis Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13799"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corona-borealis-constellation/">Corona Borealis Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13800"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/corvus-constellation/">Corvus 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href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/dorado-constellation/">Dorado Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13806"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/draco-constellation/">Draco Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13807"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/equuleus-constellation/">Equuleus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13808"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/eridanus-constellation/">Eridanus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13809"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/fornax-constellation/">Fornax Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13810"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/gemini-constellation/">Gemini Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13811"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/grus-constellation/">Grus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13812"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hercules-constellation/">Hercules Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13813"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/horologium-constellation/">Horologium Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13814"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/hydra-constellation/">Hydra Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type 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<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13839"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/octans-constellation/">Octans Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13840"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13841"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/orion-constellation/">Orion Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13842"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pavo-constellation/">Pavo Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13843"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pegasus-constellation/">Pegasus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13844"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/perseus-constellation/">Perseus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13845"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/phoenix-constellation/">Phoenix Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13846"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pictor-constellation/">Pictor Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13847"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pisces-constellation/">Pisces Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13848"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/piscis-austrinus-constellation/">Piscis Austrinus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13849"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/puppis-constellation/">Puppis Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13850"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pyxis-constellation/">Pyxis Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13851"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/reticulum-constellation/">Reticulum Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13852"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagitta-constellation/">Sagitta Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13853"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagittarius-constellation/">Sagittarius Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13854"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13855"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sculptor-constellation/">Sculptor Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13856"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scutum-constellation/">Scutum Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13857"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/serpens-constellation/">Serpens Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13858"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sextans-constellation/">Sextans Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13859"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/taurus-constellation/">Taurus Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13860"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/telescopium-constellation/">Telescopium Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13861"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-australe-constellation/">Triangulum Australe Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13862"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/triangulum-constellation/">Triangulum Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13863"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/tucana-constellation/">Tucana Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13864"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/">Ursa Major Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13865"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-minor-constellation/">Ursa Minor Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13866"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/vela-constellation/">Vela Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13867"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/virgo-constellation/">Virgo Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13868"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/volans-constellation/">Volans Constellation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13869"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/vulpecula-constellation/">Vulpecula Constellation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-13817"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Constellation Map</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 94" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13870"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/northern-constellations/">Northern Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13872"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/southern-constellations/">Southern Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13873"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/circumpolar-constellations/">Circumpolar Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-16671"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/equatorial-constellations/">Equatorial Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13874"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/zodiac-constellations/">Zodiac Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13875"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/largest-constellations/">Largest Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13876"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/smallest-constellations/">Smallest Constellations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-13818"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-names/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Constellation Names</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 102" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13967"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-names/greek-constellations/">Greek Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13819"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-names/constellation-families/">Constellation Families</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-17273"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/asterisms/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Asterisms</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 105" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17278"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/big-dipper/">Big Dipper</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17283"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/little-dipper/">Little Dipper</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17285"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/orions-belt/">Orion’s Belt</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18219"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/orions-sword/">Orion’s Sword</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17293"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-southern-cross/">Southern Cross</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17276"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/summer-triangle/">Summer Triangle</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17284"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/northern-cross/">Northern Cross</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17491"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/cassiopeias-w/">Cassiopeia’s W</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17287"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/spring-triangle/">Spring Triangle</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17280"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/great-diamond/">Great Diamond</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17295"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/winter-hexagon/">Winter Hexagon</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17296"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/winter-triangle/">Winter Triangle</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17289"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/teapot/">Teapot</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17277"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-kite/">The Kite</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17281"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/great-square-of-pegasus/">Great Square of Pegasus</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17275"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/water-jar/">Water Jar</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17279"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/false-cross/">False Cross</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17834"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/diamond-cross/">Diamond Cross</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18941"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-fish-hook/">The Fish Hook</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17292"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-sickle/">The Sickle</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17274"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/pointer-stars/">Pointer Stars</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18704"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/aurigas-hexagon/">Auriga’s Hexagon</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18942"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/spicas-spanker/">Spica’s Spanker</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-20157"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-coathanger-brocchis-cluster/">The Coathanger (Brocchi’s Cluster)</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17282"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/kembles-cascade/">Kemble’s Cascade</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-17290"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/the-keystone/">The Keystone</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18705"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/three-leaps-of-the-gazelle/">Three Leaps of the Gazelle</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13822"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/messier-objects/">Messier Objects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-13820"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Constellations by Month</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 134" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13821"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/january-constellations/">January Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13871"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/february-constellations/">February Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13880"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/march-constellations/">March Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13881"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/april-constellations/">April Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13882"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/may-constellations/">May Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13883"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/june-constellations/">June Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13884"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/july-constellations/">July Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13885"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/august-constellations/">August Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13886"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/september-constellations/">September Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13887"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/october-constellations/">October Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13888"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/november-constellations/">November Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13889"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations-by-month/december-constellations/">December Constellations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-13823"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/seasonal-constellations/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Seasonal Constellations</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 147" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13824"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/seasonal-constellations/spring-constellations/">Spring Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13877"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/seasonal-constellations/summer-constellations/">Summer Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13878"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/seasonal-constellations/autumn-constellations/">Autumn Constellations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13879"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/seasonal-constellations/winter-constellations/">Winter Constellations</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-13825"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/what-is-a-constellation/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">What Is a Constellation?</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 152" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14588"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/what-is-a-constellation/how-many-constellations-are-there/">How Many Constellations Are There?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17710"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/caldwell-catalogue/">Caldwell Catalogue</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-20558"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/telescopes-and-night-sky-guides/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Telescopes and Night Sky Guides</span><div role="none" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap 155" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20564"><a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/telescopes-and-night-sky-guides/best-telescopes-for-beginners/">Best Telescopes for Beginners</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-menu-sidebar-overlay hfg-ov hfg-pe"></div> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="neve-main"> <div class="container single-page-container"> <div class="row"> <div class="nv-single-page-wrap col"> <div class="nv-page-title-wrap nv-big-title" > <div class="nv-page-title"> <h1>Capricornus Constellation</h1> </div> </div> <div class="nv-content-wrap entry-content"><p>Capricornus is a faint zodiac constellation located in the southern sky. Its name means “the goat” in Latin. The constellation represents a sea goat, a mythical creature associated with the god Enki in Babylonian mythology and later with the Greek deity Pan. The constellation is represented by the symbol ♑.</p> <p>Like other <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-map/zodiac-constellations/">zodiac constellations</a>, Capricornus was first catalogued by the Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy in his <em>Almagest</em> in the 2nd century CE. In Greek mythology, the constellation is associated with Pan, the god of the wild, and with the goat Amalthea, who suckled Zeus when he was very young.</p> <p>Capricornus constellation is home to the eclipsing binary system <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/deneb-algedi/">Delta Capricorni</a> (Deneb Algedi), the multiple star systems Beta Capricorni (Dabih) and Alpha Capricorni (<a href="https://www.star-facts.com/algedi-alpha2-capricorni/">Algedi</a>), and the white giant <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/nashira-gamma-capricorni/">Nashira</a> (Gamma Capricorni). Notable deep sky objects in the constellation include the globular clusters <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-30/">Messier 30</a> and Palomar 12, and the compact galaxy group HCG 87.</p> <h2 style="text-align: center;">Facts, location & map</h2> <p>Capricornus is the 40th biggest constellation in the sky, occupying an area of 414 square degrees. It lies in the fourth quadrant of the southern hemisphere (SQ4) and can be seen at latitudes between +60° and -90°. The neighboring constellations are <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/aquarius-constellation/">Aquarius</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/aquila-constellation/">Aquila</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/microscopium-constellation/">Microscopium</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/piscis-austrinus-constellation/">Piscis Austrinus</a>, and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagittarius-constellation/">Sagittarius</a>. The best time of year to see Capricornus is during the month of September.</p> <p>The constellation name Capricornus is pronounced /ˌkæprɪˈkɔːrnəs/. In English, the constellation is known as the Sea Goat. The genitive form of Capricornus, used in star names, is Capricorni (pronunciation: /ˌkæprɪˈkɔːrnaɪ/). The three-letter abbreviation, adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1922, is Cap.</p> <p>Capricornus belongs to the zodiac family of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellations/">constellations</a>, along with <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/aries-constellation/">Aries</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/taurus-constellation/">Taurus</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/gemini-constellation/">Gemini</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/cancer-constellation/">Cancer</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/leo-constellation/">Leo</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/virgo-constellation/">Virgo</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/libra-constellation/">Libra</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagittarius-constellation/">Sagittarius</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/aquarius-constellation/">Aquarius</a>, and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pisces-constellation/">Pisces</a>.</p> <p>Capricornus has five stars with known planets and contains one Messier object, the globular cluster <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-30/">M30</a> (NGC 7099). The constellation is home to three stars located within 10 parsecs (32.62 light years) of the Sun. The brightest star in Capricornus is <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/deneb-algedi/">Deneb Algedi</a>, Delta Capricorni, with an apparent magnitude of 2.81. It is the only star in the constellation brighter than magnitude 3.00.</p> <p>The constellation contains five named stars. The <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/star-names/">star names</a> approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) are Algedi, Alshat, Dabih, Deneb Algedi, and Nashira.</p> <p>There are five meteor showers associated with Capricornus: the Alpha Capricornids, the Chi Capricornids, the Sigma Capricornids, the Tau Capricornids, and the Capricorniden-Sagittarids.</p> <div id="attachment_16446" style="width: 560px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16446" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16446" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-constellation-map.webp" alt="Capricornus constellation,goat constellation,capricorn,capricornus stars,capricornus star map" width="550" height="516" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-constellation-map.webp 573w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-constellation-map-300x282.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px" /> <noscript><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16446" class="wp-image-16446" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-constellation-map.webp" alt="Capricornus constellation,goat constellation,capricorn,capricornus stars,capricornus star map" width="550" height="516" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-constellation-map.webp 573w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-constellation-map-300x282.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16446" class="wp-caption-text">Capricornus constellation map by IAU and Sky&Telescope magazine</p></div> <h3>Where is Capricornus?</h3> <p>Capricornus can be found using the bright stars of the constellations <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pegasus-constellation/">Pegasus</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/aquila-constellation/">Aquila</a>, <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagittarius-constellation/">Sagittarius</a> and <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/piscis-austrinus-constellation/">Piscis Austrinus</a>, but since it is very faint, it requires exceptionally good conditions to be seen. It lies in the region of the sky between <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/enif/">Enif</a>, the brightest star in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/pegasus-constellation/">Pegasus</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/altair/">Altair</a>, the luminary of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/aquila-constellation/">Aquila</a>, <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/ascella/">Ascella</a>, one of the bright stars of the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/teapot/">Teapot</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagittarius-constellation/">Sagittarius</a>, and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/fomalhaut/">Fomalhaut</a>, a solitary first-magnitude star in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/piscis-austrinus-constellation/">Piscis Austrinus</a>, found near the imaginary line extended from <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/scheat/">Scheat</a> through <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/markab/">Markab</a> across the sky.</p> <div id="attachment_16447" style="width: 600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16447" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16447" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-location.webp" alt="how to find capricornus,where is capricornus in the sky" width="590" height="494" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-location.webp 610w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-location-300x251.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px" /> <noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16447" class="wp-image-16447" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-location.webp" alt="how to find capricornus,where is capricornus in the sky" width="590" height="494" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-location.webp 610w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-location-300x251.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16447" class="wp-caption-text">Capricornus location, image: Wikisky</p></div> <p>The visible stars of the goat constellation form a pattern reminiscent of two horns, with the luminaries Deneb Algedi and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/nashira-gamma-capricorni/">Nashira</a> marking one tip and Algedi and Dabih the other. The faint Omega Capricorni lies at the bottom of the triangular pattern, near the border with <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/microscopium-constellation/">Microscopium</a> and just north of the imaginary line connecting <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/fomalhaut/">Fomalhaut</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/ascella/">Ascella</a>. Deneb Algedi is the only star in Capricornus brighter than magnitude 3.00, which means that the constellation is very difficult to see from light-polluted areas.</p> <div id="attachment_16448" style="width: 560px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16448" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16448" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-stars.webp" alt="brightest stars in capricornus" width="550" height="426" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-stars.webp 566w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-stars-300x232.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px" /> <noscript><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16448" class="wp-image-16448" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-stars.webp" alt="brightest stars in capricornus" width="550" height="426" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-stars.webp 566w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Capricornus-stars-300x232.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16448" class="wp-caption-text">Capricornus stars, image: Wikisky</p></div> <h2 style="text-align: center;">Capricornus myth</h2> <p>Even though Capricornus is one of the faintest constellations in the sky, it is associated with myths and images that date back to the 21st century BCE.</p> <p>The story of Capricornus originated with the Babylonians and Sumerians. The Sumerians knew the constellation as the goat-fish, or SUHUR-MASH-HA, while Babylonian star catalogues compiled around 1000 BCE called it MUL.SUHUR.MAŠ, also meaning “goat fish.” In the early Bronze Age, Capricornus marked the winter solstice and, in modern astrology, Capricorn’s rule still begins on the first day of astronomical winter.</p> <p>The Greeks associated the constellation with the forest deity Pan, who had the legs and horns of a goat. Crotus, his son, is usually associated with another amphibious creature, represented by the neighboring <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagittarius-constellation/">constellation Sagittarius</a>.</p> <p>Pan was placed in the sky by Zeus in gratitude for his coming to the other gods’ rescue on several occasions. During the gods’ war with the Titans, Pan helped scare the Titans away by blowing his conch shell. Later, he warned the gods that Typhon, a monster sent by Gaia to fight them, was approaching. He also suggested that gods disguise themselves as animals until the danger passed.</p> <p>In the myth, Pan eluded the monster himself by jumping into the river Nile and turning the lower part of his body into that of a fish. Zeus eventually struck down Typhon with his thunderbolts. In reference to the myth, Capricornus is still often depicted as a goat with the tail of a fish.</p> <p>In another story, Capricornus is identified as Amalthea, the goat that suckled Zeus when he was an infant, hiding from his father Cronos. Cronos had devoured his other children, all future gods and goddesses, because of a prophecy that said that he would be overthrown by one of them.</p> <h2 style="text-align: center;">Major stars in Capricornus</h2> <h3 style="text-align: center;">Deneb Algedi – δ Capricorni (Delta Capricorni)</h3> <p><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/deneb-algedi/">Delta Capricorni</a> is the brightest point of light in Capricornus. It is a multiple star system with an apparent magnitude of 2.81, located at a distance of 38.70 light years from Earth. The primary component (Delta Capricorni Aa), formally named Deneb Algedi, is a giant star in an eclipsing binary system. The two components – δ Cap Aa and δ Cap Ab – orbit each other with a period of 1.022768 days. When the fainter star eclipses the giant, the system’s visual magnitude drops by 0.24. When the giant eclipses the companion, the brightness decreases by 0.09 magnitudes. The system is classified as an Algol-type variable.</p> <p>Delta Capricorni A has two visual companions, both significantly fainter. A fifteenth magnitude companion lies about 1 arcminute away and a thirteenth magnitude star is separated by more than two arcminutes from the primary.</p> <p>The name of the primary component, Deneb Algedi, is derived from the Arabic <em>ðanab al-jady</em>, meaning “the tail of the goat.” The star was also traditionally known as Scheddi.</p> <p>Delta Capricorni A shows the spectrum of a white giant star of the spectral type A7m III. The primary component has a mass double that of the Sun and a radius of 1.91 solar radii. With a surface temperature of 7,301 K, it shines with 8.5 solar luminosities. The star is a fast spinner, with a projected rotational velocity of 105 km/s.</p> <p>Delta Capricorni was found to be a metallic-line star in 1957. It is one of the brightest metallic A stars in the sky. For a time, it was believed to be a Delta Scuti variable, a pulsating star whose brightness varies as it expands and contracts. However, observations with the ROSAT satellite in the early 1990s did not find any evidence of short-period variation.</p> <p>Deneb Algedi lies only 2.6 degrees south of the ecliptic and is occasionally occulted by the Moon and, more rarely, by planets.</p> <h3 style="text-align: center;">Dabih – β Capricorni (Beta Capricorni)</h3> <p>Beta Capricorni is a multiple star system located 328 light years away. It is the second brightest point of light in Capricornus. The primary component, named Dabih, is the constellation’s second brightest individual star, with an apparent magnitude of 3.05. The name Dabih comes from the Arabic <em>al-dhābiḥ</em>, meaning “the butcher.”</p> <p>The Beta Capricorni system is composed of five stars. In binoculars, the system appears as a binary star. The brighter component is designated Beta<sup>1</sup> Capricorni (Beta Capricorni A) and the fainter, Beta<sup>2</sup> Capricorni (Beta Capricorni B). The two components were traditionally known as Dabih Major (Beta<sup>1</sup> Capricorni) and Dabih Minor (Beta<sup>2</sup> Capricorni). The stars are separated by 3.5 arcminutes on the sky and the physical distance between them is at least 0.34 light years (21,000 astronomical units). They orbit each other with a period of 700,000 years.</p> <p>Beta<sup>1</sup> Capricorni is itself a multiple star system consisting of three stars: Dabih, which is a single star, and a binary pair. Beta<sup>2</sup> Capricorni is also a binary star. It is considerably fainter than Beta<sup>1</sup>, with a visual magnitude of 6.09.</p> <p>Dabih (Beta Capricorni Aa) is an orange bright giant of the spectral type K0II. It has a radius 35 times that of the Sun and, with an effective temperature of 4,900 K, it is 600 times more luminous than the Sun. The binary pair Beta Capricorni Ab1 and Ab2 has an orbital period of 8.7 days. The dominant star is a blue B-type main sequence dwarf. It is separated by only 5 astronomical units (0.05 arcseconds on the sky) from Dabih. The two stars complete an orbit every 3.77 years.</p> <p>The components of Beta<sup>2</sup> Capricorni are a white, class A0 giant and a mercury-manganese star. The giant is 40 times more luminous than the Sun. The companion lies at a separation of about 3 arcseconds.</p> <h3 style="text-align: center;">Algedi – α<sup>2</sup> Capricorni (Alpha<sup>2</sup> Capricorni)</h3> <p>The Bayer designation Alpha Capricorni is used for two star systems: Alpha<sup>1 </sup>Capricorni and Alpha<sup>2 </sup>Capricorni. The two are not physically related. They appear 0.11 degrees apart on the sky and, like <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/mizar/">Mizar</a> and <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/alcor/">Alcor</a> in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ursa-major-constellation/">Ursa Major</a>, they can be resolved by the unaided eye.</p> <p>Alpha<sup>2</sup> Capricorni is the brighter of the two. The system consists of three stars and shines at magnitude 3.57 from a distance of 102 light years. The primary component, formally named Algedi, is a yellow giant or subgiant star of the spectral type G8.5III-IV. It has a mass of 2.05 solar masses and, as it evolved away from the main sequence, it has expanded to a size of 8.38 solar radii. With a surface temperature of 5,030 K, it shines with 40.4 solar luminosities. The star is a slow spinner, with a projected rotational velocity of 2.7 km/s. Its estimated age is about 1.30 billion years.</p> <p>The name Algedi (also spelled Algiedi) is derived from the Arabic <em>al-jadii</em>, meaning “the goat.” The name was traditionally used both for Alpha<sup>2</sup> and Alpha<sup>1</sup> Capricorni, but now formally applies only to the primary component of Alpha<sup>2</sup>. The star was also known as Secunda Giedi or Algiedi Secunda.</p> <p>The other two components of the Alpha<sup>2</sup> Capricorni system form a binary pair with an orbital period of about 244 years. The two stars orbit the primary with a period of about 1,500 years. Both stars are about half as massive as the Sun.</p> <p>Alpha<sup>1</sup> Capricorni, traditionally known as Prima Giedi or Algiedi Prima, is much more distant than Alpha<sup>2</sup>. It lies about 870 light years away. It is also fainter, shining at magnitude 4.27. The star is a yellow supergiant of the spectral type G3 Ib. It has a mass 5.3 times that of the Sun and is 1,047 times more luminous than our star.</p> <p>Alpha<sup>1</sup> Capricorni has three dim visual companions, but these are not believed to be physically related to the star.</p> <div id="attachment_16449" style="width: 530px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16449" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16449" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Algedi-and-Alshat.webp" alt="algedi star,alshat star" width="520" height="294" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Algedi-and-Alshat.webp 527w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Algedi-and-Alshat-300x170.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16449" class="wp-image-16449" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Algedi-and-Alshat.webp" alt="algedi star,alshat star" width="520" height="294" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Algedi-and-Alshat.webp 527w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Algedi-and-Alshat-300x170.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16449" class="wp-caption-text">Algedi and Alshat (Alpha and Nu Capricorni), image: Wikisky</p></div> <h3 style="text-align: center;">Alshat – ν Capricorni (Nu Capricorni)</h3> <p>Alshat is a double star that appears in the same field of view as Alpha Capricorni. It has an apparent magnitude of 4.76 and lies at a distance of 253 light years. The spectral type given is B9 IV or B9.5 V, indicating a hot blue star that is either still on the main sequence or has evolved into a subgiant. The name Alshat comes from the Arabic <em>aš-šā[t]</em>, meaning “the sheep.”</p> <p>The primary component has a mass 2.37 times that of the Sun. It is 87 times more luminous than the Sun, with a surface temperature of 10,461 K. The star’s estimated age is 115 million years. The companion is significantly fainter, with a visual magnitude of 11.8. It lies 54.1 arcseconds from the primary star. Based on the data from Gaia Data Release 2, the companion is much more distant from Earth than the primary component.</p> <h3 style="text-align: center;">Nashira – γ Capricorni (Gamma Capricorni)</h3> <p><a href="https://www.star-facts.com/nashira-gamma-capricorni/">Nashira</a> is a chemically peculiar Am star with the stellar classification kF0hF1VmF2. It has an apparent magnitude of 3.67 and lies at a distance of 139 light years. It is classified as an Alpha<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum variable, a chemically peculiar star with a strong magnetic field. The star’s brightness fluctuates by 0.03 magnitudes.</p> <p>The name Nashira comes from the Arabic <em>sa’d nashirah</em>, meaning “the lucky one” or “bearer of good news.”</p> <h3 style="text-align: center;">ζ Capricorni (Zeta Capricorni)</h3> <p>Zeta Capricorni is another binary star in Capricornus. It has a visual magnitude of 3.74 and lies at a distance of 386 light years from Earth.</p> <p>The primary component is a yellow giant of the spectral type G8IIIp and the companion is a hydrogen-rich white dwarf with the stellar classification DA2.2. The stars orbit each other with a period of 2378.2 days.</p> <p>Zeta Capricorni A has a mass 3.99 times that of the Sun and a radius about 29 times solar. With an effective temperature of 5,397 K, it shines with 490 solar luminosities. It is classified as a barium star and is notable for having an overabundance of praseodymium. The white dwarf has the same mass as the Sun and a surface temperature of 23,000 K.</p> <p>Zeta Capricorni has traditionally been called Yan or Marakk, but neither name has been formally approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).</p> <h3 style="text-align: center;">Dorsum – θ Capricorni (Theta Capricorni)</h3> <p>Theta Capricorni is a white main sequence star of the spectral type A1 V. It has an apparent magnitude of 4.07 and lies 162 light years away. The star has the traditional name Dorsum, meaning “back” (referring to the back of the goat), but the name has not been formally approved by the IAU.</p> <p>Theta Capricorni has a mass of 2.24 solar masses and a radius 2.7 times that of the Sun. With a surface temperature of 10,001 K, it is 65 times more luminous than our star. The star is a fast rotator, with a projected rotational velocity of 104 km/s. Its estimated age is 152 million years.</p> <h3 style="text-align: center;">Baten Algiedi – ω Capricorni (Omega Capricorni)</h3> <p>Omega Capricorni is an orange giant star with the stellar classification K4 III. It has an apparent magnitude of 4.11 and lies at an approximate distance of 1,000 light years. The star does not have a formal name, but it has traditionally been known as Baten Algiedi, meaning “the belly of the goat.”</p> <p>Omega Capricorni has a mass 6.8 times that of the Sun and has expanded to a size of 172.1 solar radii as it evolved away from the main sequence. With a surface temperature of 3,915 K, it shines with 6,269 solar luminosities. The star is a fairly slow spinner, with a projected rotational velocity of 4.68 km/s. Its estimated age is 48.1 million years.</p> <p>Like Zeta Capricorni, Omega is classified as a barium star. This indicates that it may have a white dwarf companion.</p> <h3 style="text-align: center;">ψ Capricorni (Psi Capricorni)</h3> <p>Psi Capricorni is a yellow-white main sequence star of the spectral type F5 V. It has a visual magnitude of 4.13 and lies 47.9 light years away. The star has a mass of 1.37 solar masses and a radius 1.51 times that of the Sun. It shines with 3.82 solar luminosities. It shows an infrared excess, indicating the presence of a debris disk orbiting the star at a distance of 38.75 astronomical units.</p> <p>Psi Capricorni came within 20 light years of the Sun about 467,000 years ago. Now it is moving away with a radial velocity of 20 km/s. The star’s estimated age is 1.4 billion years.</p> <h2 style="text-align: center;">Deep sky objects in Capricornus</h2> <h3 style="text-align: center;">Messier 30 (NGC 7099)</h3> <p>Messier 30 is a globular cluster approximately 27,140 light years distant and about 93 light years across in size. The cluster is approaching us at the speed of 181.9 km/s. It was one of the first deep sky objects discovered by Charles Messier. Messier described it as a circular nebula without a star in 1764. The cluster has an overall spectral type F3. Its estimated age is 12.93 billion years.</p> <div id="attachment_16450" style="width: 427px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16450" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16450" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Messier-30.webp" alt="m30,m30 cluster" width="417" height="427" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Messier-30.webp 419w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Messier-30-293x300.webp 293w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16450" class="wp-image-16450" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Messier-30.webp" alt="m30,m30 cluster" width="417" height="427" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Messier-30.webp 419w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Messier-30-293x300.webp 293w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16450" class="wp-caption-text">Messier 30 (NGC 7099) in Capricornus, image: Hubble Space Telescope (NASA, ESA)</p></div> <p>M30 is relatively dense, with a concentration class V. The brightest stars in the cluster are magnitude 12 red giants.</p> <p>Like <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-15-great-pegasus-cluster/">Messier 15</a>, <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-70/">Messier 70</a>, and many other globular clusters in the Milky Way Galaxy, M30 has undergone a core collapse. Its core is now only 0.12 arc minutes in size, and half of the cluster’s mass is contained in a spherical radius that is 17.4 light years across.</p> <p>M30 is easy to observe in small telescopes.</p> <h3 style="text-align: center;">HCG 87</h3> <p>The Hickson Compact Group 87 (HCG 87) is a group of galaxies located about 400 million light years away. The largest member of the group, HCG 87a, is a spiral galaxy that appears almost exactly edge-on. Like its nearest neighbour, the elliptical galaxy HCG 87b, it has an active galactic nucleus with a black hole. The spiral galaxy HCG 87c (at the top of the image) is showing signs of active star formation. The interactions with its neighbours provide fuel for the starburst activity. The small spiral galaxy that appears in the centre of the group is believed to be a background object, unrelated to the group. The three members have apparent magnitudes of 15.3, 15.4 and 16.1.</p> <div id="attachment_16451" style="width: 640px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16451" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16451" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HCG-87.webp" alt="Hickson Compact Group 87" width="630" height="519" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HCG-87.webp 645w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HCG-87-300x247.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HCG-87-640x527.webp 640w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16451" class="wp-image-16451" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HCG-87.webp" alt="Hickson Compact Group 87" width="630" height="519" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HCG-87.webp 645w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HCG-87-300x247.webp 300w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HCG-87-640x527.webp 640w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16451" class="wp-caption-text">Hickson Compact Group 87, image: Judy Schmidt (CC BY 2.0)</p></div> <h3 style="text-align: center;">IC 1337</h3> <p>IC 1337 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located about 420 million light years away. It has an apparent magnitude of 14.5 and an apparent size of 1.2’ by 1.1’. It was discovered by the French astronomer Stéphane Javelle on July 22, 1892.</p> <div id="attachment_16452" style="width: 530px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16452" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16452" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/IC-1337.webp" alt="" width="520" height="376" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/IC-1337.webp 527w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/IC-1337-300x217.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16452" class="wp-image-16452" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/IC-1337.webp" alt="" width="520" height="376" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/IC-1337.webp 527w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/IC-1337-300x217.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16452" class="wp-caption-text">IC 1337, image: Sloan Digital Sky Survey</p></div> <h3 style="text-align: center;">Palomar 12</h3> <p>Palomar 12 is a globular cluster located 63,600 light years away. It has an apparent magnitude of 11.99 and stretches across 17’.4 of the apparent sky, with a physical radius of about 162 light years. With an estimated age of 6.5 billion years, the cluster is about 30% younger than most globular clusters in the Milky Way. Once believed to have been captured from the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy (SagDEG) by the Milky Way about 1.7 billion years ago, the cluster is now believed to still belong to the Milky Way satellite.</p> <div id="attachment_16453" style="width: 422px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16453" class="lazy lazy-hidden wp-image-16453" src="//www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif" data-lazy-type="image" data-src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Palomar-12.webp" alt="globular cluster in capricornus" width="412" height="451" srcset="" data-srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Palomar-12.webp 415w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Palomar-12-274x300.webp 274w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px" /> <noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-16453" class="wp-image-16453" src="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Palomar-12.webp" alt="globular cluster in capricornus" width="412" height="451" srcset="https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Palomar-12.webp 415w, https://www.constellation-guide.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Palomar-12-274x300.webp 274w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px" /></noscript> <p id="caption-attachment-16453" class="wp-caption-text">Palomar 12, image: ESA/Hubble and NASA</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="nv-sidebar-wrap col-sm-12 nv-right blog-sidebar" > <aside id="secondary" role="complementary"> <style type="text/css" media="all">.widget_search .search-form .search-submit,.widget_search .search-form .search-field{height:auto}</style><div id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://www.constellation-guide.com/"> <label> <span 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i=t.adUnits,n=(e=>!!e.adTypes&&new re(e.adTypes).result)(t),s=new ee;return i.filter((e=>void 0!==e.dynamic&&e.dynamic.enabled)).map((i=>{const o=i.location.replace(/\s+/g,"_"),r="Sidebar"===o?0:2;return{auctionPriority:ce.get(o)||8,location:o,sequence:P(i.sequence,1),sizes:(a=i.adSizes,ae.filter((([e,t])=>a.some((([i,n])=>e===i&&t===n))))).filter((t=>((e,[t,i],n,s)=>{const{location:o,sequence:r}=e;if(o===u.Footer)return!("phone"===n&&320===t&&100===i);if(o===u.Header)return!(i>100&&s.result);if(o===u.Recipe)return!(I()&&"phone"===n&&(300===t&&390===i||320===t&&300===i));if(o===u.Sidebar){const t=e.adSizes.some((([,e])=>e<=300)),n=i>300;return!(!n||t)||9===r||(r&&r<=5?!n||e.sticky:!n)}return!0})(i,t,e,s))).concat(n&&i.location===u.Content?le:[]),devices:i.devices,pageSelector:P(i.dynamic.pageSelector,"").trim(),elementSelector:P(i.dynamic.elementSelector,"").trim(),position:P(i.dynamic.position,"beforebegin"),max:Math.floor(P(i.dynamic.max,0)),spacing:P(i.dynamic.spacing,0),skip:Math.floor(P(i.dynamic.skip,0)),every:Math.max(Math.floor(P(i.dynamic.every,1)),1),classNames:i.dynamic.classNames||[],sticky:de(i,t.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig),stickyOverlapSelector:P(i.stickyOverlapSelector,"").trim(),autosize:i.autosize,special:P(i.targeting,[]).filter((e=>"special"===e.key)).reduce(((e,t)=>e.concat(...t.value)),[]),lazy:P(i.dynamic.lazy,!1),lazyMax:P(i.dynamic.lazyMax,r),lazyMaxDefaulted:0!==i.dynamic.lazyMax&&!i.dynamic.lazyMax,name:i.name};var a}))},he=(e,t)=>{const i=(e=>{let t=e.clientWidth;if(getComputedStyle){const i=getComputedStyle(e,null);t-=parseFloat(i.paddingLeft||"0")+parseFloat(i.paddingRight||"0")}return t})(t),n=e.sticky&&e.location===u.Sidebar;return e.sizes.filter((t=>{const s=!e.autosize||(t[0]<=i||t[0]<=320),o=!n||t[1]<=window.innerHeight-100;return s&&o}))};class pe{constructor(e){this.clsOptions=e,this.enabledLocations=[u.Below_Post,u.Content,u.Recipe,u.Sidebar]}}const me=e=>`adthrive-${e.location.replace("_","-").toLowerCase()}`,_e=e=>`${me(e)}-${e.sequence}`;function ge(e,t){void 0===t&&(t={});var i=t.insertAt;if(e&&"undefined"!=typeof document){var n=document.head||document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],s=document.createElement("style");s.type="text/css","top"===i&&n.firstChild?n.insertBefore(s,n.firstChild):n.appendChild(s),s.styleSheet?s.styleSheet.cssText=e:s.appendChild(document.createTextNode(e))}}const ye=e=>e.some((e=>null!==document.querySelector(e)));class fe extends U{static fromArray(e,t){return new fe(e.map((([e,t])=>({choice:e,weight:t}))),t)}addChoice(e,t){this._choices.push({choice:e,weight:t})}get(){const e=(t=0,i=100,Math.random()*(i-t)+t);var t,i;let n=0;for(const{choice:t,weight:i}of this._choices)if(n+=i,n>=e)return t;return this._default}get totalWeight(){return this._choices.reduce(((e,{weight:t})=>e+t),0)}constructor(e=[],t){super(),this._choices=e,this._default=t}}const ve=()=>(e,t,i)=>{const n=i.value;n&&(i.value=function(...e){const t=(e=>{if(null===e)return null;const t=e.map((({choice:e})=>e));return(e=>{let t=5381,i=e.length;for(;i;)t=33*t^e.charCodeAt(--i);return t>>>0})(JSON.stringify(t)).toString(16)})(this._choices),i=this._expConfigABGroup?this._expConfigABGroup:this.abgroup,s=i?i.toLowerCase():this.key?this.key.toLowerCase():"",o=t?`${s}_${t}`:s,r=this.localStoragePrefix?`${this.localStoragePrefix}-${o}`:o,a=V.readInternalLocalStorage("adthrive_branch");!1===(a&&a.enabled)&&V.deleteLocalStorage(r);const l=(()=>n.apply(this,e))(),c=(d=this._choices,u=l,null!=(p=null==(h=d.find((({choice:e})=>e===u)))?void 0:h.weight)?p:null);var d,u,h,p;const[m,_]=V.getOrSetABGroupLocalStorageValue(r,l,c,{value:24,unit:"hours"});return this._stickyResult=m,this._stickyWeight=_,m})};class Se{get enabled(){return void 0!==this.experimentConfig}_isValidResult(e,t=()=>!0){return t()&&(e=>null!=e&&!("number"==typeof e&&isNaN(e)))(e)}}class be extends Se{_isValidResult(e){return super._isValidResult(e,(()=>this._resultValidator(e)||"control"===e))}run(){if(!this.enabled)return E.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";if(!this._mappedChoices||0===this._mappedChoices.length)return E.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment variants found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new fe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(E.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}constructor(...e){super(...e),this._resultValidator=()=>!0}}class Ce{getSiteExperimentByKey(e){const t=this.siteExperiments.filter((t=>t.key.toLowerCase()===e.toLowerCase()))[0],i=D("at_site_features"),n=(s=(null==t?void 0:t.variants[1])?null==t?void 0:t.variants[1].value:null==t?void 0:t.variants[0].value,o=i[e],typeof s==typeof o);var s,o;return t&&i[e]&&n&&(t.variants=[{displayName:"test",value:i[e],weight:100,id:0}]),t}constructor(e){var t,i;this.siteExperiments=[],this._clsOptions=e,this._device=I()?"mobile":"desktop",this.siteExperiments=null!=(i=null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments)?void 0:t.filter((e=>{const t=e.key,i=G(e,this._device),n=N(this._clsOptions.siteAds,t,this._device);return i&&n})))?i:[]}}class Oe extends be{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return E.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to empty class name."),"";const e=new fe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(E.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to empty class name."),"")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:t})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="",this._resultValidator=e=>"string"==typeof e,this.key=d.AdLayout,this.abgroup=d.AdLayout,this._clsSiteExperiments=new Ce(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}te([ve(),ie("design:type",Function),ie("design:paramtypes",[]),ie("design:returntype",void 0)],Oe.prototype,"run",null);class we extends be{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return E.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new fe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(E.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:"number"==typeof t?(t||0)/100:"control"})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="control",this._resultValidator=e=>"number"==typeof e,this.key=d.AdDensity,this.abgroup=d.AdDensity,this._clsSiteExperiments=new Ce(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}te([ve(),ie("design:type",Function),ie("design:paramtypes",[]),ie("design:returntype",void 0)],we.prototype,"run",null);class xe extends Z{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new W(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scae",this.key="StickyContainerAds",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}xe=te([oe("StickyContainerAdsExperiment"),ie("design:type",Function),ie("design:paramtypes",[])],xe);class Ae extends Z{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new W(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scre",this.key="StickyContainerRecipe",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}Ae=te([oe("StickyContainerRecipeExperiment"),ie("design:type",Function),ie("design:paramtypes",[])],Ae);const Ee="250px";class Pe{start(){try{var e,t;(e=>{const t=document.body,i=`adthrive-device-${e}`;if(!t.classList.contains(i))try{t.classList.add(i)}catch(e){E.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init",{message:e.message});const t="classList"in document.createElement("_");E.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init.support",{support:t})}})(this._device);const s=new Oe(this._clsOptions);if(s.enabled){const e=s.result,t=e.startsWith(".")?e.substring(1):e;if((e=>/^[-_a-zA-Z]+[-_a-zA-Z0-9]*$/.test(e))(t))try{document.body.classList.add(t)}catch(e){E.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Uncaught CSS Class error: ${e}`)}else E.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Invalid class name: ${t}`)}const o=ue(this._device,this._clsOptions.siteAds).filter((e=>this._locationEnabled(e))).filter((e=>{return t=e,i=this._device,t.devices.includes(i);var t,i})).filter((e=>{return 0===(t=e).pageSelector.length||null!==document.querySelector(t.pageSelector);var t})),r=this.inject(o);var i,n;if(null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(e=t.content)?void 0:e.enabled)if(this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result&&!ye(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig.blockedSelectors||[]))ge(`\n .adthrive-device-phone .adthrive-sticky-content {\n height: 450px !important;\n margin-bottom: 100px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky:after {\n content: "— Advertisement. Scroll down to continue. —";\n font-size: 10pt;\n margin-top: 5px;\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n display:block;\n color: #888;\n }\n .adthrive-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${(null==(n=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(i=n.content)?void 0:i.minHeight)||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `);r.forEach((e=>this._clsOptions.setInjectedSlots(e)))}catch(e){E.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",e)}}inject(e,t=document){this._densityDevice="desktop"===this._device?h.Desktop:h.Mobile,this._overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment();const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds,n=P(i.adDensityEnabled,!0),s=i.adDensityLayout&&n,o=e.filter((e=>s?e.location!==u.Content:e)),r=e.filter((e=>s?e.location===u.Content:null));return[...o.length?this._injectNonDensitySlots(o,t):[],...r.length?this._injectDensitySlots(r,t):[]]}_injectNonDensitySlots(e,t=document){var i;const n=[],s=[];if(this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.some((e=>e.location===u.Recipe&&e.sticky))&&!ye((null==(i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)?void 0:i.blockedSelectors)||[])){var o,r;const e=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig;(e=>{ge(`\n .adthrive-recipe.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-recipe-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${e||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `)})("phone"===this._device?null==e||null==(o=e.recipeMobile)?void 0:o.minHeight:null==e||null==(r=e.recipeDesktop)?void 0:r.minHeight)}for(const i of e)this._insertNonDensityAds(i,n,s,t);return s.forEach((({location:e,element:t})=>{t.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[e]})),n}_injectDensitySlots(e,t=document){try{this._calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t)}catch(e){return[]}const{onePerViewport:i,targetAll:n,targetDensityUnits:s,combinedMax:o,numberOfUnits:r}=this._getDensitySettings(e,t);return this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=i?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,r?(this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._findElementsForAds(r,i,n,o,s,t),this._insertAds()):[]}_overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment(){var e;if(null==(e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment)?void 0:e.enabled){const e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment.result;"number"==typeof e&&(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityEnabled=!0,this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout[this._densityDevice].adDensity=e)}}_getDensitySettings(e,t=document){const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout,n=this._determineOverrides(i.pageOverrides),s=n.length?n[0]:i[this._densityDevice],o=this._clsOptions.getTargetDensity(s.adDensity),r=s.onePerViewport,a=this._shouldTargetAllEligible(o),l=this._getTargetDensityUnits(o,a),c=this._getCombinedMax(e,t),d=Math.min(this._totalAvailableElements.length,l,...c>0?[c]:[]);return this._pubLog={onePerViewport:r,targetDensity:o,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c},{onePerViewport:r,targetAll:a,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c,numberOfUnits:d}}_determineOverrides(e){return e.filter((e=>{const t=H(e.pageSelector);return""===e.pageSelector||t.elements&&t.elements.length})).map((e=>e[this._densityDevice]))}_shouldTargetAllEligible(e){return e===this._densityMax}_getTargetDensityUnits(e,t){return t?this._totalAvailableElements.length:Math.floor(e*this._mainContentHeight/(1-e)/this._minDivHeight)-this._recipeCount}_getCombinedMax(e,t=document){return P(e.filter((e=>{let i;try{i=t.querySelector(e.elementSelector)}catch(e){}return i})).map((e=>Number(e.max)+Number(e.lazyMaxDefaulted?0:e.lazyMax))).sort(((e,t)=>t-e))[0],0)}_elementLargerThanMainContent(e){return e.offsetHeight>=this._mainContentHeight&&this._totalAvailableElements.length>1}_elementDisplayNone(e){const t=window.getComputedStyle(e,null).display;return t&&"none"===t||"none"===e.style.display}_isBelowMaxes(e,t){return this._adInjectionMap.map.length<e&&this._adInjectionMap.map.length<t}_findElementsForAds(e,t,i,n,s,o=document){this._clsOptions.targetDensityLog={onePerViewport:t,combinedMax:n,targetDensityUnits:s,targetDensityPercentage:this._pubLog.targetDensity,mainContentHeight:this._mainContentHeight,recipeCount:this._recipeCount,numberOfEls:this._totalAvailableElements.length};const r=e=>{for(const{dynamicAd:t,element:r}of this._totalAvailableElements)if(this._logDensityInfo(r,t.elementSelector,e),!(!i&&this._elementLargerThanMainContent(r)||this._elementDisplayNone(r))){if(!this._isBelowMaxes(n,s))break;this._checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:r,insertEvery:e,targetAll:i,target:o})}!this._usedAbsoluteMinimum&&this._smallerIncrementAttempts<5&&(++this._smallerIncrementAttempts,r(this._getSmallerIncrement(e)))},a=this._getInsertEvery(e,t,s);r(a)}_getSmallerIncrement(e){let t=.6*e;return t<=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice&&(t=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0),t}_insertNonDensityAds(e,t,i,n=document){let s=0,o=0,r=0;e.spacing>0&&(s=window.innerHeight*e.spacing,o=s);const a=this._repeatDynamicAds(e),l=this.getElements(e.elementSelector,n);e.skip;for(let c=e.skip;c<l.length&&!(r+1>a.length);c+=e.every){let d=l[c];if(s>0){const{bottom:e}=k(d);if(e<=o)continue;o=e+s}const h=a[r],p=`${h.location}_${h.sequence}`;t.some((e=>e.name===p))&&(r+=1);const m=this.getDynamicElementId(h),_=me(e),g=_e(e),y=[e.location===u.Sidebar&&e.sticky&&e.sequence&&e.sequence<=5?"adthrive-sticky-sidebar":"",this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.location===u.Recipe&&e.sticky?"adthrive-recipe-sticky-container":"",_,g,...e.classNames],f=this.addAd(d,m,e.position,y);if(f){const s=he(h,f);if(s.length){const o={clsDynamicAd:e,dynamicAd:h,element:f,sizes:s,name:p,infinite:n!==document};t.push(o),i.push({location:h.location,element:f}),e.location===u.Recipe&&++this._recipeCount,r+=1}d=f}}}_insertAds(){const e=[];return this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._adInjectionMap.map.forEach((({el:t,dynamicAd:i,target:n},s)=>{const o=Number(i.sequence)+s,r=i.max,a=i.lazy&&o>r;i.sequence=o,i.lazy=a;const l=this._addContentAd(t,i,n);l&&(i.used=!0,e.push(l))})),e}_getInsertEvery(e,t,i){let n=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice;return this._moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(i,e)?(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,n=this._useWiderSpacing(i,e)):(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0,n=this._useSmallestSpacing(t)),t&&window.innerHeight>n?window.innerHeight:n}_useWiderSpacing(e,t){return this._mainContentHeight/Math.min(e,t)}_useSmallestSpacing(e){return e&&window.innerHeight>this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice}_moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(e,t){return this._totalAvailableElements.length>e||this._totalAvailableElements.length>t}_logDensityInfo(e,t,i){const{onePerViewport:n,targetDensity:s,targetDensityUnits:o,combinedMax:r}=this._pubLog;this._totalAvailableElements.length}_checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:i,insertEvery:n,targetAll:s,target:o=document}){(this._isFirstAdInjected()||this._hasProperSpacing(i,t,s,n))&&this._markSpotForContentAd(i,e({},t),o)}_isFirstAdInjected(){return!this._adInjectionMap.map.length}_markSpotForContentAd(e,t,i=document){const n="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position;this._adInjectionMap.add(e,this._getElementCoords(e,n),t,i),this._adInjectionMap.sort()}_hasProperSpacing(e,t,i,n){const s="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,o="beforeend"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,r=i||this._isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,n,s),a=o||this._isElementNotInRow(e,s),l=-1===e.id.indexOf(`AdThrive_${u.Below_Post}`);return r&&a&&l}_isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,t,i){const n=this._getElementCoords(e,i);let s=!1;for(let e=0;e<this._adInjectionMap.map.length;e++){const i=this._adInjectionMap.map[e].coords,o=this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1]&&this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1].coords;if(s=n-t>i&&(!o||n+t<o),s)break}return s}_isElementNotInRow(e,t){const i=e.previousElementSibling,n=e.nextElementSibling,s=t?!i&&n||i&&e.tagName!==i.tagName?n:i:n;return!(!s||0!==e.getBoundingClientRect().height)||(!s||e.getBoundingClientRect().top!==s.getBoundingClientRect().top)}_calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t=document){const[i,n]=((e,t,i=document)=>{const[n,s]=M(e,t,i);if(0===n.length)throw Error("No Main Content Elements Found");return[Array.from(n).reduce(((e,t)=>t.offsetHeight>e.offsetHeight?t:e))||document.body,s]})(e,this._adInjectionMap,t);this._mainContentDiv=i,this._totalAvailableElements=n,this._mainContentHeight=((e,t="div #comments, section .comments")=>{const i=e.querySelector(t);return i?e.offsetHeight-i.offsetHeight:e.offsetHeight})(this._mainContentDiv)}_getElementCoords(e,t=!1){const i=e.getBoundingClientRect();return(t?i.top:i.bottom)+window.scrollY}_addContentAd(e,t,i=document){var n,s;let o=null;const r=me(t),a=_e(t),l=(null==(s=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(n=s.content)?void 0:n.enabled)&&this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result?"adthrive-sticky-container":"",c=this.addAd(e,this.getDynamicElementId(t),t.position,[l,r,a,...t.classNames]);if(c){const e=he(t,c);if(e.length){c.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[t.location];o={clsDynamicAd:t,dynamicAd:t,element:c,sizes:e,name:`${t.location}_${t.sequence}`,infinite:i!==document}}}return o}getDynamicElementId(e){return`AdThrive_${e.location}_${e.sequence}_${this._device}`}getElements(e,t=document){return t.querySelectorAll(e)}addAd(e,t,i,n=[]){if(!document.getElementById(t)){const s=`<div id="${t}" class="adthrive-ad ${n.join(" ")}"></div>`;e.insertAdjacentHTML(i,s)}return document.getElementById(t)}_repeatDynamicAds(t){const i=[],n=t.location===u.Recipe?99:this.locationMaxLazySequence.get(t.location),s=t.lazy?P(n,0):0,o=t.max,r=t.lazyMax,a=0===s&&t.lazy?o+r:Math.min(Math.max(s-t.sequence+1,0),o+r),l=Math.max(o,a);for(let n=0;n<l;n++){const s=Number(t.sequence)+n;if("Recipe_1"!==t.name||5!==s){const r=t.lazy&&n>=o;i.push(e({},t,{sequence:s,lazy:r}))}}return i}_locationEnabled(e){const t=this._clsOptions.enabledLocations.includes(e.location),i=this._clsOptions.disableAds&&this._clsOptions.disableAds.all||document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-all"),n=!document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-content")&&!this._clsOptions.disableAds.reasons.has("content_plugin");return t&&!i&&n}constructor(e,t){this._clsOptions=e,this._adInjectionMap=t,this._recipeCount=0,this._mainContentHeight=0,this._mainContentDiv=null,this._totalAvailableElements=[],this._minDivHeight=250,this._densityDevice=h.Desktop,this._pubLog={onePerViewport:!1,targetDensity:0,targetDensityUnits:0,combinedMax:0},this._densityMax=.99,this._smallerIncrementAttempts=0,this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=250,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,this._infPageEndOffset=0,this.locationMaxLazySequence=new Map([[u.Recipe,5]]),this.locationToMinHeight={Below_Post:Ee,Content:Ee,Recipe:Ee,Sidebar:Ee};const{tablet:i,desktop:n}=this._clsOptions.siteAds.breakpoints;this._device=((e,t)=>{const i=window.innerWidth;return i>=t?"desktop":i>=e?"tablet":"phone"})(i,n),this._config=new pe(e),this._clsOptions.enabledLocations=this._config.enabledLocations,this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments?new we(this._clsOptions):null,this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment=new xe,this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment=new Ae}}function ke(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var i,n,s={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)i=o[n],t.indexOf(i)>=0||(s[i]=e[i]);return s}class De{get enabled(){return!0}}class Re extends De{setPotentialPlayersMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players||[],t=this._filterPlayerMap(),i=e.filter((e=>"stationaryRelated"===e.type&&e.enabled));return t.stationaryRelated=i,this._potentialPlayerMap=t,this._potentialPlayerMap}_filterPlayerMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players,t={stickyRelated:[],stickyPlaylist:[],stationaryRelated:[]};return e&&e.length?e.filter((e=>{var t;return null==(t=e.devices)?void 0:t.includes(this._device)})).reduce(((e,t)=>(e[t.type]||(E.event(this._component,"constructor","Unknown Video Player Type detected",t.type),e[t.type]=[]),t.enabled&&e[t.type].push(t),e)),t):t}_checkPlayerSelectorOnPage(e){const t=this._potentialPlayerMap[e].map((e=>({player:e,playerElement:this._getPlacementElement(e)})));return t.length?t[0]:{player:null,playerElement:null}}_getOverrideElement(e,t,i){if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}else{const{player:e,playerElement:t}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}}return i}_shouldOverrideElement(e){const t=e.getAttribute("override-embed");return"true"===t||"false"===t?"true"===t:!!this._videoConfig.relatedSettings&&this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.overrideEmbedLocation}_checkPageSelector(e,t,i=[]){if(e&&t&&0===i.length){return!("/"===window.location.pathname)&&E.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`PSNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),!1}return!0}_getElementSelector(e,t,i){return t&&t.length>i?t[i]:(E.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`ESNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),null)}_getPlacementElement(e){const{pageSelector:t,elementSelector:i,skip:n}=e,s=H(t),{valid:o,elements:r}=s,a=ke(s,["valid","elements"]),l=j(i),{valid:c,elements:d}=l,u=ke(l,["valid","elements"]);if(""!==t&&!o)return E.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${t} is not a valid selector`),a),null;if(!c)return E.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${i} is not a valid selector`),u),null;if(!this._checkPageSelector(t,o,r))return null;return this._getElementSelector(i,d,n)||null}_getEmbeddedPlayerType(e){let t=e.getAttribute("data-player-type");return t&&"default"!==t||(t=this._videoConfig.relatedSettings?this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.defaultPlayerType:"static"),this._stickyRelatedOnPage&&(t="static"),t}_getMediaId(e){const t=e.getAttribute("data-video-id");return!!t&&(this._relatedMediaIds.push(t),t)}_createRelatedPlayer(e,t,i,n){"collapse"===t?this._createCollapsePlayer(e,i):"static"===t&&this._createStaticPlayer(e,i,n)}_createCollapsePlayer(t,i){const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyRelated"),o=n||this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];if(o&&o.playerId){this._shouldOverrideElement(i)&&(i=this._getOverrideElement(n,s,i)),i=document.querySelector(`#cls-video-container-${t} > div`)||i,this._createStickyRelatedPlayer(e({},o,{mediaId:t}),i)}else E.error(this._component,"_createCollapsePlayer","No video player found")}_createStaticPlayer(t,i,n){if(this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated.length&&this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0].playerId){const s=this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];this._createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e({},s,{mediaOrPlaylistId:t}),i,n)}else E.error(this._component,"_createStaticPlayer","No video player found")}_shouldRunAutoplayPlayers(){return!(!this._isVideoAllowedOnPage()||!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyRelated.length&&!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyPlaylist.length)}_determineAutoplayPlayers(){const e=this._component,t="VideoManagerComponent"===e,i=this._context;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage)return void E.event(e,"stickyRelatedOnPage",t&&{device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{});const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");n&&n.playerId&&n.playlistId&&s?this._createPlaylistPlayer(n,s):Math.random()<.01&&setTimeout((()=>{E.event(e,"noStickyPlaylist",t&&{vendor:"none",device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{})}),1e3)}_initializeRelatedPlayers(e){const t=new Map;for(let i=0;i<e.length;i++){const n=e[i],s=n.offsetParent,o=this._getEmbeddedPlayerType(n),r=this._getMediaId(n);if(s&&r){const e=(t.get(r)||0)+1;t.set(r,e),this._createRelatedPlayer(r,o,n,e)}}}constructor(e,t,i){super(),this._videoConfig=e,this._component=t,this._context=i,this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!1,this._relatedMediaIds=[],this._device=R()?"desktop":"mobile",this._potentialPlayerMap=this.setPotentialPlayersMap()}}class Ie extends Re{init(){this._initializePlayers()}_wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(e,t,i=0){if(e.parentNode){const n=e.offsetWidth*(9/16),s=this._createGenericCLSWrapper(n,t,i);return e.parentNode.insertBefore(s,e),s.appendChild(e),s}return null}_createGenericCLSWrapper(e,t,i){const n=document.createElement("div");return n.id=`cls-video-container-${t}`,n.className="adthrive",n.style.minHeight=`${e+i}px`,n}_getTitleHeight(){const e=document.createElement("h3");e.style.margin="10px 0",e.innerText="Title",e.style.visibility="hidden",document.body.appendChild(e);const t=window.getComputedStyle(e),i=parseInt(t.height,10),n=parseInt(t.marginTop,10),s=parseInt(t.marginBottom,10);return document.body.removeChild(e),Math.min(i+s+n,50)}_initializePlayers(){const e=document.querySelectorAll(this._IN_POST_SELECTOR);e.length&&this._initializeRelatedPlayers(e),this._shouldRunAutoplayPlayers()&&this._determineAutoplayPlayers()}_createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e,t,i){const n="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],s=p.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn;if(t&&e.mediaOrPlaylistId){const o=`${e.mediaOrPlaylistId}_${i}`,r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(t,o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaOrPlaylistId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playerId:e.playerId,playerName:s,playerSize:n,element:r,type:"stationaryRelated"})}}_createStickyRelatedPlayer(e,t){const i="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],n=p.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!0,this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage="mobile"===this._device,t&&e.position&&e.mediaId){const s=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,s);const o=this._getTitleHeight(),r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(s,e.mediaId,this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT+o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:i,playerName:n,element:s,type:"stickyRelated"})}}_createPlaylistPlayer(e,t){const i=e.playlistId,n="mobile"===this._device?p.Video_Coll_SOff_Smartphone:p.Video_Collapse_Autoplay_SoundOff,s="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360];this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage=!0;const o=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,o);let r=this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT;e.title&&(r+=this._getTitleHeight());const a=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(o,i,r);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(`playlist-${i}`),a&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:s,playerName:n,element:o,type:"stickyPlaylist"})}_isVideoAllowedOnPage(){const e=this._clsOptions.disableAds;if(e&&e.video){let t="";e.reasons.has("video_tag")?t="video tag":e.reasons.has("video_plugin")?t="video plugin":e.reasons.has("video_page")&&(t="command queue");const i=t?"ClsVideoInsertionMigrated":"ClsVideoInsertion";return E.error(i,"isVideoAllowedOnPage",new Error(`DBP: Disabled by publisher via ${t||"other"}`)),!1}return!this._clsOptions.videoDisabledFromPlugin}constructor(e,t){super(e,"ClsVideoInsertion"),this._videoConfig=e,this._clsOptions=t,this._IN_POST_SELECTOR=".adthrive-video-player",this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT=36,this._playersAddedFromPlugin=[],t.removeVideoTitleWrapper&&(this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT=0)}}class Me{add(e,t,i,n=document){this._map.push({el:e,coords:t,dynamicAd:i,target:n})}get map(){return this._map}sort(){this._map.sort((({coords:e},{coords:t})=>e-t))}filterUsed(){this._map=this._map.filter((({dynamicAd:e})=>!e.used))}reset(){this._map=[]}constructor(){this._map=[]}}class Le extends Me{}const Te=e=>{const t=A(),i=(()=>{const e=I()?"mobile":"tablet";return R(O)?"desktop":e})(),n=e.siteAdsProfiles;let s=null;if(n&&n.length)for(const e of n){const n=e.targeting.device,o=e.targeting.browserEngine,r=n&&n.length&&n.includes(i),a=o&&o.length&&o.includes(t);r&&a&&(s=e)}return s};try{(()=>{const e=new K;e&&e.enabled&&(e.siteAds&&(e=>{const t=Te(e);if(t){const 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