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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Seed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leaves,_roots,_and_stems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaves,_roots,_and_stems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Leaves, roots, and stems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaves,_roots,_and_stems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.4</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Oil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dyes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dyes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Dyes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dyes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ornamentals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ornamentals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Ornamentals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ornamentals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaranth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 90 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9_(%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="قطيفة (نبات) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قطيفة (نبات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus" title="Amaranthus – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Amaranthus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%99nc%C9%99r" title="Pəncər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pəncər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%87" title="قاراتره – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قاراتره" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayem" title="Bayem – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bayem" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buraburaba" title="Buraburaba – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Buraburaba" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayam" title="Bayam – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Bayam" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%93ng-chh%C3%A0i" title="Hēng-chhài – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hēng-chhài" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Амарант – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Амарант" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Аксамітнік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аксамітнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Щир – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Щир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus" title="Amaranthus – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Amaranthus" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarant" title="Amarant – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Amarant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus" title="Amaranthus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amaranthus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Амарант – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Амарант" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus" title="Amaranthus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Amaranthus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laskavec" title="Laskavec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Laskavec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarant" title="Amarant – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amarant" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebashein" title="Rebashein – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rebashein" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Ципирькай – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ципирькай" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus" title="Amaranthus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amaranthus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranto" title="Amaranto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amaranto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranto" title="Amaranto – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amaranto" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%E2%80%8C%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="تاج‌خروس (سرده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاج‌خروس (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarante_(plante)" title="Amarante (plante) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amarante (plante)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haako_ndiyam" title="Haako ndiyam – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Haako ndiyam" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarantas" title="Amarantas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Amarantas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranto" title="Amaranto – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amaranto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%A6%84%EC%86%8D" title="비름속 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비름속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Հավակատար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հավակատար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="चौलाई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चौलाई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%87%C4%9Brjenc" title="Šćěrjenc – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Šćěrjenc" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarant" title="Amarant – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amarant" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranto" title="Amaranto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Amaranto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayam" title="Bayam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bayam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Æвдадзон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æвдадзон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus" title="Amaranthus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amaranthus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%96" title="ירבוז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ירבוז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayem" title="Bayem – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bayem" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90" title="ჯიჯლაყა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯიჯლაყა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%85ska" title="Gąska – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Gąska" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B6%D1%96" title="Гүлтәжі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гүлтәжі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mchicha" title="Mchicha – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mchicha" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ыкшар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ыкшар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus" title="Amaranthus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Amaranthus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranti" title="Amaranti – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Amaranti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnotis" title="Burnotis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Burnotis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6wa" title="Höwa – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Höwa" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADt%C9%9Bkut%C9%9Bku" title="Bítɛkutɛku – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bítɛkutɛku" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diszn%C3%B3par%C3%A9j" title="Disznóparéj – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Disznóparéj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%C3%A2jem" title="Bhâjem – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bhâjem" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Штир – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Штир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="അമരാൻത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമരാൻത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჯუმენია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯუმენია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%87" title="قطيفه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قطيفه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayam" title="Bayam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bayam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayam" title="Bayam – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bayam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဟင်းနုနယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟင်းနုနယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huauhtli" title="Huauhtli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Huauhtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarant_(geslacht)" title="Amarant (geslacht) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amarant (geslacht)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B9" title="アマランサス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アマランサス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarantslekta" title="Amarantslekta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amarantslekta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarantslekta" title="Amarantslekta – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Amarantslekta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਚੁਲਾਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੁਲਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szar%C5%82at" title="Szarłat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szarłat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranto" title="Amaranto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amaranto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranth" title="Amaranth – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amaranth" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankurachi" title="Sankurachi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sankurachi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Амарант – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амарант" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="वास्तुकम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वास्तुकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus" title="Amaranthus – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Amaranthus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranth" title="Amaranth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Amaranth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%8Dir" title="Ščir – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ščir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarant" title="Amarant – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Amarant" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayem" title="Bayem – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bayem" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revonh%C3%A4nn%C3%A4t" title="Revonhännät – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Revonhännät" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarantsl%C3%A4ktet" title="Amarantsläktet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amarantsläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranto" title="Amaranto – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Amaranto" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88" title="பன்றிக்களை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பன்றிக்களை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Амарант – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Амарант" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0" title="తోటకూర – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తోటకూర" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86" title="ಪದ್ಪೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಪದ್ಪೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus" title="Amaranthus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amaranthus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyinyep" title="Nyinyep – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Nyinyep" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Щириця – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Щириця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_D%E1%BB%81n" title="Chi Dền – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Dền" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus" title="Amaranthus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Amaranthus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genus of plants</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Amaranthe" title="Amaranthe">Amaranthe</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the plant genus <i>Amaranthus</i>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Amaranth_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Amaranth (disambiguation)">Amaranth (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Amaranth </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Amaranthus_tricolor0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Amaranthus_tricolor0.jpg/220px-Amaranthus_tricolor0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Amaranthus_tricolor0.jpg/330px-Amaranthus_tricolor0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Amaranthus_tricolor0.jpg/440px-Amaranthus_tricolor0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_tricolor" title="Amaranthus tricolor">Amaranthus tricolor</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Amaranthus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amaranthoideae" title="Amaranthoideae">Amaranthoideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Amaranthus</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>See text </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Amaranthus</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_distribution" title="Cosmopolitan distribution">cosmopolitan</a> group of more than 50 species which make up the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Annual_plant" title="Annual plant">annual</a> or short-lived <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennial plants</a> collectively known as <b>amaranths</b>. Some of the better known names include "<a href="/wiki/Prostrate_pigweed" title="Prostrate pigweed">prostrate pigweed</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_caudatus" title="Amaranthus caudatus">love lies bleeding</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some amaranth species are cultivated as <a href="/wiki/Leaf_vegetable" title="Leaf vegetable">leaf vegetables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudocereal" title="Pseudocereal">pseudocereals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">ornamental plants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bensch_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bensch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Catkin" title="Catkin">Catkin</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Cymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cymes">cymes</a> of densely-packed <a href="/wiki/Flowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowers">flowers</a> grow in summer or fall.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amaranth varies in flower, leaf, and stem color with a range of striking <a href="/wiki/Plant_pigments" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant pigments">pigments</a> from the spectrum of maroon to crimson and can grow longitudinally from 1 to 2.5 metres (3 to 8 feet) tall with a cylindrical, <a href="/wiki/Succulent_plant" title="Succulent plant">succulent</a>, fibrous stem that is hollow with grooves and <a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">bracteoles</a> when mature.<sup id="cite_ref-schmid_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schmid-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are approximately 75 species in the genus, 10 of which are <a href="/wiki/Dioecious" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioecious">dioecious</a> and native to North America, and the remaining 65 are <a href="/wiki/Monoecious" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoecious">monoecious</a> species that are <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a> to every continent (except Antarctica) from tropical lowlands to the Himalayas.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of this genus share many characteristics and uses with members of the closely related genus <i><a href="/wiki/Celosia" title="Celosia">Celosia</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Amaranth_grain" title="Amaranth grain">Amaranth grain</a> is collected from the genus. The leaves of some species are also eaten.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names_and_etymology">Names and etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Amaranthus</i> comes from the name of this plant in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ἀμάραντος</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">amárantos</i></span>, "amaranth, immortal", noun formed from the privative prefix <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ἀ-</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">a-</i></span>, "without", and the verb <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">μαραίνω</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">maraínō</i></span>, "to consume, to exhaust".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, the amaranth has a reputation for not withering, with in particular its <a href="/wiki/Calyx_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyx (botany)">calice</a> which remains persistent, and for this reason, represents a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">immortality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some species are used in dry bouquets. </p><p>The form <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">amaranthus</i></span> (with H), comes from an erroneous association with the Greek etymon <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">anthos</i></span> (lat. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">-anthus</i></span>) meaning <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">flower</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, found in the name of many plants (agapanthus, for example). </p><p>Its denominations in the languages of the peoples cultivating it since ancient times in <a href="/wiki/America" class="mw-redirect" title="America">America</a> are <span title="Nahuatl languages collective text"><i lang="nah">huauhtli</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Quechua-language text"><i lang="qu">kiwicha</i></span>, <span title="Quechua-language text"><i lang="qu">ataĉo</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechua</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Mayan languages collective text"><i lang="myn">tez</i></span> or <span title="Mayan languages collective text"><i lang="myn">xtes</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Maya</a>, <i>ahparie</i> in <a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_language" title="Purépecha language">Purépecha</a>, <span title="Huichol-language text"><i lang="hch">wa've</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Huichol_language" title="Huichol language">Huichol</a>, and <i>guegui</i> in <a href="/wiki/Tarahumara_language" title="Tarahumara language">Tarahumara</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amaranth_und_WW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Amaranth_und_WW.jpg/220px-Amaranth_und_WW.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Amaranth_und_WW.jpg/330px-Amaranth_und_WW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Amaranth_und_WW.jpg/440px-Amaranth_und_WW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>Amaranth grain (left) and <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> (right)</figcaption></figure> <p>Amaranth is a <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">herbaceous plant</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrub</a> that is either annual or <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennial</a> across the genus.<sup id="cite_ref-schmid_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schmid-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flowers vary interspecifically from the presence of 3 or 5 <a href="/wiki/Tepal" title="Tepal">tepals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">stamens</a>, whereas a 7-<a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">porate</a> pollen grain structure remains consistent across the family.<sup id="cite_ref-schmid_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schmid-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Species across the genus contain concentric rings of <a href="/wiki/Vascular_bundle" title="Vascular bundle">vascular bundles</a>, and fix carbon efficiently with a <a href="/wiki/C4_carbon_fixation" title="C4 carbon fixation">C4 photosynthetic</a> pathway.<sup id="cite_ref-schmid_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schmid-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leaves are approximately <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>6.5–15 centimetres (<span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>–6 inches) and of oval or elliptical shape that are either opposite or alternate across species, although most leaves are whole and simple with entire margins.<sup id="cite_ref-schmid_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schmid-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amaranth has a primary root with deeper spreading secondary fibrous root structures.<sup id="cite_ref-Arrequez_etal_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arrequez_etal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">Inflorescences</a> are in the form a large <a href="/wiki/Panicle" title="Panicle">panicle</a> that varies from terminal to axial, color, and sex. The tassel of fluorescence is either erect or bent and varies in width and length between species. Flowers are radially symmetric and either bisexual or unisexual with very small, bristly <a href="/wiki/Perianth" title="Perianth">perianth</a> and pointy <a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">bracts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arrequez_etal_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arrequez_etal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Species in this genus are either <a href="/wiki/Monecious" class="mw-redirect" title="Monecious">monecious</a> (e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_hybridus" title="Amaranthus hybridus">A. hybridus</a>,</i>) or <a href="/wiki/Dioecious" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioecious">dioecious</a> (e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_palmeri" title="Amaranthus palmeri">A. palmeri</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Arrequez_etal_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arrequez_etal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fruits are in the form of capsules referred to as a <i><a href="/wiki/Unilocular" class="mw-redirect" title="Unilocular">unilocular</a> pixdio</i> that opens at maturity.<sup id="cite_ref-Arrequez_etal_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arrequez_etal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The top (<a href="/wiki/Operculum_(botany)" title="Operculum (botany)">operculum</a>) of the unilocular pixdio releases the urn that contains the seed.<sup id="cite_ref-Arrequez_etal_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arrequez_etal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeds are circular form from 1 to 1.5 millimeters in diameter and range in color with a shiny, smooth seed coat.<sup id="cite_ref-Arrequez_etal_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arrequez_etal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The panicle is harvested 200 days after cultivation with approximately 1,000 to 3,000 seeds harvested per gram.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_1986_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker_1986-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amaranth grain contains <a href="/wiki/Phytochemical" title="Phytochemical">phytochemicals</a> that are not defined as nutrients and may be <a href="/wiki/Antinutrient" title="Antinutrient">antinutrient</a> factors, such as <a href="/wiki/Polyphenol" title="Polyphenol">polyphenols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saponin" title="Saponin">saponins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tannin" title="Tannin">tannins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oxalate" title="Oxalate">oxalates</a>. These compounds are reduced in content and antinutrient effect by cooking.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Amaranthus</i> shows a wide variety of morphological diversity among and even within certain species. <i>Amaranthus</i> is part of the Amaranthaceae that is part of the larger grouping of the Carophyllales.<sup id="cite_ref-schmid_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schmid-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the family (<a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a>) is distinctive, the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> has few distinguishing characters among the 75 species present across six continents.<sup id="cite_ref-stetter1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stetter1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This complicates <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomy</a> and <i>Amaranthus</i> has generally been considered among systematists as a "difficult" genus and to hybridize often.<sup id="cite_ref-Costea_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costea-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1955, Sauer classified the genus into two subgenera, differentiating only between monoecious and dioecious species: <i>Acnida</i> (L.) Aellen ex K.R. Robertson and <i>Amaranthus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Costea_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costea-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this classification was widely accepted, further infrageneric classification was (and still is) needed to differentiate this widely diverse group. Mosyakin and Robertson 1996 later divided into three subgenera: Acnida, Amaranthus, and Albersia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The support for the addition of the subdivision Albersia because of its <a href="/wiki/Dehiscence_(botany)" title="Dehiscence (botany)">indehiscent</a> fruits coupled with three elliptic to linear <a href="/wiki/Tepal" title="Tepal">tepals</a> to be exclusive characters to members of this subgenus. The classification of these groups are further supported with a combination of floral characters, reproductive strategies, geographic distribution, and molecular evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-stetter1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stetter1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wasel_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wasel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phylogenies of <i>Amaranthus</i> using <a href="/wiki/Maximum_parsimony_(phylogenetics)" title="Maximum parsimony (phylogenetics)">maximum parsimony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bayesian_inference" title="Bayesian inference">Bayesian</a> analysis of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_gene" title="Nuclear gene">nuclear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">chloroplast</a> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a> suggest five <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clades</a> within the genus: Diecious / Pumilus, Hybris, Galapagos, Eurasian/ South African, Australian (ESA), ESA + South American.<sup id="cite_ref-wasel_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wasel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Amaranthus</i> includes three recognised subgenera and 75 species, although species numbers are questionable due to <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybridisation</a> and species concepts.<sup id="cite_ref-schmid_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schmid-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infrageneric classification focuses on inflorescence, flower characters and whether a species is monoecious/dioecious, as in the Sauer (1955) suggested classification.<sup id="cite_ref-stetter1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stetter1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bracteole morphology present on the stem is used for taxonomic classification of Amaranth. Wild species have longer bracteoles compared to cultivated species.<sup id="cite_ref-Costea_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costea-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A modified infrageneric classification of <i>Amaranthus</i> includes three subgenera: <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_tuberculatus" title="Amaranthus tuberculatus">Acnida</a></i>, <i>Amaranthus</i>, and <i>Albersia</i>, with the taxonomy further differentiated by sections within each of the subgenera.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is near certainty that <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_hypochondriacus" title="Amaranthus hypochondriacus">A. hypochondriacus</a></i> is the common ancestor to the cultivated grain species, however the later series of domestication to follow remains unclear. There has been opposing hypotheses of a single as opposed to multiple domestication events of the three grain species.<sup id="cite_ref-stetter1_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stetter1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-joshi_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joshi-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is evidence of phylogenetic and geographical support for clear groupings that indicate separate domestication events in South America and Central America.<sup id="cite_ref-stetter1_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stetter1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>A. hybridus</i> may derive from South America, whereas <i>A. caudatus</i>, <i>A. hypochondriacus</i>, and <i>A. quentiensis</i> are native to Central and North America.<sup id="cite_ref-stetter1_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stetter1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-joshi_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joshi-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species">Species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Amaranthus_species" title="List of Amaranthus species">List of <i>Amaranthus</i> species</a></div> <p>Species include:<sup id="cite_ref-TPL_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPL-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_acanthochiton" title="Amaranthus acanthochiton">Amaranthus acanthochiton</a></i> – greenstripe</li> <li><i>Amaranthus acutilobus</i> – a synonym of <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_viridis" title="Amaranthus viridis">Amaranthus viridis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-TPL_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPL-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_albus" title="Amaranthus albus">Amaranthus albus</a></i> – white pigweed, tumble pigweed</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_anderssonii" title="Amaranthus anderssonii">Amaranthus anderssonii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_arenicola" title="Amaranthus arenicola">Amaranthus arenicola</a></i> – sandhill amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_australis" title="Amaranthus australis">Amaranthus australis</a></i> – southern amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_bigelovii" title="Amaranthus bigelovii">Amaranthus bigelovii</a></i> – Bigelow's amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_blitoides" title="Amaranthus blitoides">Amaranthus blitoides</a></i> – mat amaranth, prostrate amaranth, prostrate pigweed</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_blitum" title="Amaranthus blitum">Amaranthus blitum</a></i> – purple amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_brownii" title="Amaranthus brownii">Amaranthus brownii</a></i> – Brown's amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_californicus" title="Amaranthus californicus">Amaranthus californicus</a></i> – California amaranth, California pigweed</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_cannabinus" title="Amaranthus cannabinus">Amaranthus cannabinus</a></i> – tidal-marsh amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_caudatus" title="Amaranthus caudatus">Amaranthus caudatus</a></i> – love-lies-bleeding, pendant amaranth, tassel flower, <i>quilete</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_chihuahuensis" title="Amaranthus chihuahuensis">Amaranthus chihuahuensis</a></i> – Chihuahuan amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_crassipes" title="Amaranthus crassipes">Amaranthus crassipes</a></i> – spreading amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_crispus" title="Amaranthus crispus">Amaranthus crispus</a></i> – crispleaf amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_cruentus" title="Amaranthus cruentus">Amaranthus cruentus</a></i> – purple amaranth, red amaranth, Mexican grain amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_deflexus" title="Amaranthus deflexus">Amaranthus deflexus</a></i> – large-fruit amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_dubius" title="Amaranthus dubius">Amaranthus dubius</a></i> – spleen amaranth, <i>khada sag</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_fimbriatus" title="Amaranthus fimbriatus">Amaranthus fimbriatus</a></i> – fringed amaranth, fringed pigweed</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_floridanus" title="Amaranthus floridanus">Amaranthus floridanus</a></i> – Florida amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_furcatus" title="Amaranthus furcatus">Amaranthus furcatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_graecizans" title="Amaranthus graecizans">Amaranthus graecizans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_grandiflorus" title="Amaranthus grandiflorus">Amaranthus grandiflorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_greggii" title="Amaranthus greggii">Amaranthus greggii</a></i> – Gregg's amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_hybridus" title="Amaranthus hybridus">Amaranthus hybridus</a></i> – smooth amaranth, smooth pigweed, red amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_hypochondriacus" title="Amaranthus hypochondriacus">Amaranthus hypochondriacus</a></i> – Prince-of-Wales feather, prince's feather</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranthus_interruptus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amaranthus interruptus (page does not exist)">Amaranthus interruptus</a></i> – Australian amaranth<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranthus_minimus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amaranthus minimus (page does not exist)">Amaranthus minimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_mitchellii" title="Amaranthus mitchellii">Amaranthus mitchellii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_muricatus" title="Amaranthus muricatus">Amaranthus muricatus</a></i> – African amaranth<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranthus_obcordatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amaranthus obcordatus (page does not exist)">Amaranthus obcordatus</a></i> – Trans-Pecos amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_palmeri" title="Amaranthus palmeri">Amaranthus palmeri</a></i> – Palmer's amaranth, Palmer pigweed, careless weed</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_polygonoides" title="Amaranthus polygonoides">Amaranthus polygonoides</a></i> – tropical amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_powellii" title="Amaranthus powellii">Amaranthus powellii</a></i> – green amaranth, Powell amaranth, Powell pigweed</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranthus_pringlei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amaranthus pringlei (page does not exist)">Amaranthus pringlei</a></i> – Pringle's amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_pumilus" title="Amaranthus pumilus">Amaranthus pumilus</a></i> – seaside amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_quitensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Amaranthus quitensis">Amaranthus quitensis</a></i> - Mucronate Amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_retroflexus" title="Amaranthus retroflexus">Amaranthus retroflexus</a></i> – red-root amaranth, redroot pigweed, common amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranthus_saradhiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amaranthus saradhiana (page does not exist)">Amaranthus saradhiana</a></i> - purpal stem amaranth, green leaf amaranth</li> <li><i>Amaranthus scleranthoides</i> – variously <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_sclerantoides" title="Amaranthus sclerantoides">Amaranthus sclerantoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranthus_scleropoides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amaranthus scleropoides (page does not exist)">Amaranthus scleropoides</a></i> – bone-bract amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_spinosus" title="Amaranthus spinosus">Amaranthus spinosus</a></i> – spiny amaranth, prickly amaranth, thorny amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranthus_standleyanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amaranthus standleyanus (page does not exist)">Amaranthus standleyanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_thunbergii" title="Amaranthus thunbergii">Amaranthus thunbergii</a></i> – Thunberg's amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_torreyi" title="Amaranthus torreyi">Amaranthus torreyi</a></i> – Torrey's amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_tricolor" title="Amaranthus tricolor">Amaranthus tricolor</a></i> – Joseph's-coat</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_tuberculatus" title="Amaranthus tuberculatus">Amaranthus tuberculatus</a></i> – rough-fruit amaranth, tall waterhemp</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_viridis" title="Amaranthus viridis">Amaranthus viridis</a></i> – slender amaranth, green amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_watsonii" title="Amaranthus watsonii">Amaranthus watsonii</a></i> – Watson's amaranth</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_wrightii" title="Amaranthus wrightii">Amaranthus wrightii</a></i> – Wright's amaranth</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Amaranth" derives from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀμάραντος</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">amárantos</i></span>), "unfading", with the Greek word for "flower", <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄνθος</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">ánthos</i></span>), factoring into the word's development as <i>amaranth, the unfading flower</i>. <i>Amarant</i> is an archaic variant. The name was first applied to the related <i><a href="/wiki/Celosia" title="Celosia">Celosia</a></i> (<i>Amaranthus</i> and <i>Celosia</i> share long-lasting dried flowers), as <i>Amaranthus</i> plants were not yet known in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amaranth weed species have an extended period of germination, rapid growth, and high rates of seed production,<sup id="cite_ref-Bensch_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bensch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and have been causing problems for farmers since the mid-1990s. This is partially due to the reduction in <a href="/wiki/Tillage" title="Tillage">tillage</a>, reduction in herbicidal use and the evolution of herbicidal resistance in several species where herbicides have been applied more often.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following 9 species of <i>Amaranthus</i> are considered invasive and noxious weeds in the U.S. and Canada: <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_albus" title="Amaranthus albus">A. albus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_blitoides" title="Amaranthus blitoides">A. blitoides</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_hybridus" title="Amaranthus hybridus">A. hybridus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_palmeri" title="Amaranthus palmeri">A. palmeri</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_powellii" title="Amaranthus powellii">A. powellii</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_retroflexus" title="Amaranthus retroflexus">A. retroflexus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_spinosus" title="Amaranthus spinosus">A. spinosus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_tuberculatus" title="Amaranthus tuberculatus">A. tuberculatus</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_viridis" title="Amaranthus viridis">A. viridis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new herbicide-resistant strain of <i>A. palmeri</i> has appeared; it is <a href="/wiki/Glyphosate" title="Glyphosate">glyphosate</a>-resistant and so cannot be killed by herbicides using the chemical. Also, this plant can survive in tough conditions. The species <i>Amaranthus palmeri</i> (Palmer amaranth) causes the greatest reduction in <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybean</a> yields and has the potential to reduce yields by 17-68% in field experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-Bensch_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bensch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palmer amaranth is among the "top five most troublesome weeds" in the southeast of the United States and has already evolved resistances to <a href="/wiki/Dinitroaniline" title="Dinitroaniline">dinitroaniline</a> herbicides and <a href="/wiki/Acetolactate_synthase_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetolactate synthase inhibitor">acetolactate synthase inhibitors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This makes the proper identification of <i>Amaranthus</i> species at the seedling stage essential for agriculturalists. Proper weed control needs to be applied before the species successfully colonizes in the crop field and causes significant yield reductions. </p><p>An evolutionary lineage of around 90 species within the genus has acquired the <a href="/wiki/C4_carbon_fixation" title="C4 carbon fixation">C<sub>4</sub> carbon fixation</a> pathway, which increases their photosynthetic efficiency. This probably occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sage2016_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sage2016-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SageSage2007_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SageSage2007-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Amaranth" title="Special:EditPage/Amaranth">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Amaranth%22">"Amaranth"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Amaranth%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Amaranth%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Amaranth%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Amaranth%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Amaranth%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>All parts of the plant are considered edible,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though some may have sharp spines that need to be removed before consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amaranth is high in <a href="/wiki/Oxalic_acid" title="Oxalic acid">oxalates</a>, but this may be partially offset by its high calcium content.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tostando_amaranto_en_comal_de_barro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amaranth being roasted in a comal"><img alt="Amaranth being roasted in a comal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tostando_amaranto_en_comal_de_barro.jpg/405px-Tostando_amaranto_en_comal_de_barro.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tostando_amaranto_en_comal_de_barro.jpg/608px-Tostando_amaranto_en_comal_de_barro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tostando_amaranto_en_comal_de_barro.jpg/810px-Tostando_amaranto_en_comal_de_barro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amaranth being roasted in a <a href="/wiki/Comal_(cookware)" title="Comal (cookware)">comal</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amaranth_muesli.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amaranth muesli mix"><img alt="Amaranth muesli mix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Amaranth_muesli.jpg/360px-Amaranth_muesli.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Amaranth_muesli.jpg/540px-Amaranth_muesli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Amaranth_muesli.jpg/720px-Amaranth_muesli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amaranth muesli mix</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D%C3%ADa_de_muertos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skull shapes made of amaranth and honey for Day of the Dead in Mexico"><img alt="Skull shapes made of amaranth and honey for Day of the Dead in Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/D%C3%ADa_de_muertos.jpg/360px-D%C3%ADa_de_muertos.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/D%C3%ADa_de_muertos.jpg/540px-D%C3%ADa_de_muertos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/D%C3%ADa_de_muertos.jpg/720px-D%C3%ADa_de_muertos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Skull shapes made of amaranth and honey for <a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead" title="Day of the Dead">Day of the Dead</a> in Mexico</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dulce_de_amaranto..JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Alegría, traditional Mexican candy made with amaranth"><img alt="Alegría, traditional Mexican candy made with amaranth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Dulce_de_amaranto..JPG/405px-Dulce_de_amaranto..JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Dulce_de_amaranto..JPG/608px-Dulce_de_amaranto..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Dulce_de_amaranto..JPG/810px-Dulce_de_amaranto..JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Alegr%C3%ADa_(Mexican_candy)" title="Alegría (Mexican candy)">Alegría</a>, traditional Mexican candy made with amaranth</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nutrition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uncooked <a href="/wiki/Amaranth_grain" title="Amaranth grain">amaranth grain</a> by weight is 12% water, 65% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a> (including 7% <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>), 14% <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, and 7% <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> (table). A <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">100-gram (<span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-ounce) reference serving of uncooked amaranth grain provides 1,550 kilojoules (371 kilocalories) of <a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">food energy</a>, and is a rich source (20% or more of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>, DV) of <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">pantothenic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">vitamin B6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">folate</a>, and several <a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">dietary minerals</a> (table). Uncooked amaranth is particularly rich in <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> (159% DV), <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a> (80% DV), <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> (70% DV), <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> (59% DV), and <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a> (34% DV). Amaranth has a high oxalate content. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Amaranth grain, uncooked</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,554 kJ (371 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">65.25 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">Starch</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">57.27 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.69 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">6.7 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">7.02 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.459 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.685 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">2.778 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">13.56 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Tryptophan" title="Tryptophan">Tryptophan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.181 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Threonine" title="Threonine">Threonine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.558 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Isoleucine" title="Isoleucine">Isoleucine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.582 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Leucine" title="Leucine">Leucine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.879 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine">Lysine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.747 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Methionine" title="Methionine">Methionine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.226 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Cystine" title="Cystine">Cystine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.191 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine">Phenylalanine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.542 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">Tyrosine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.329 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Valine" title="Valine">Valine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.679 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine">Arginine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.060 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Histidine" title="Histidine">Histidine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.389 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine">Alanine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.799 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Aspartic_acid" title="Aspartic acid">Aspartic acid</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.261 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid">Glutamic acid</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">2.259 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Glycine" title="Glycine">Glycine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.636 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Proline" title="Proline">Proline</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.698 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Serine" title="Serine">Serine</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.148 g</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">10%</div> 0.116 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 0.2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 0.923 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">29%</div> 1.457 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">35%</div> 0.591 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">21%</div> 82 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 4.2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 1.19 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">12%</div> 159 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">42%</div> 7.61 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">59%</div> 248 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">145%</div> 3.333 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">45%</div> 557 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">17%</div> 508 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 4 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">26%</div> 2.87 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">11.3 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Selenium</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">18.7 µg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170682/nutrients">Full Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Amaranth grain, Cooked</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">429 kJ (103 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">18.7 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">Starch</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">16.2 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">2.1 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">1.58 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">3.8 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.015 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.022 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 0.235 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">29%</div> 1.457 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 0.113 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 22 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 0.88 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 47 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">12%</div> 2.1 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 65 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">37%</div> 0.854 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">12%</div> 148 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 135 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 6 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">8%</div> 0.86 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">75.2 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Selenium</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">5.5 µg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170683/nutrients">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Cooking decreases its nutritional value substantially across all nutrients, with only dietary minerals remaining at moderate levels.<sup id="cite_ref-nd_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nd-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cooked amaranth leaves are a rich source of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">vitamin A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a>, and manganese, with moderate levels of folate, iron, magnesium, and <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amaranth does not contain <a href="/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten">gluten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LamacchiaCamarca2014_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LamacchiaCamarca2014-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PenaginiDilillo2013_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PenaginiDilillo2013-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The native range of the genus is cosmopolitan.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_1986_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker_1986-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In pre-Hispanic times, amaranth was cultivated by the Aztec and their tributary communities in a quantity very similar to maize.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Known to the <a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a> as <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><i lang="nci">huāuhtli</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> amaranth is thought to have represented up to 80% of their energy consumption before the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish conquest</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Another important use of amaranth throughout <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a> was in ritual drinks and foods. To this day, <a href="/wiki/Amaranth_grain" title="Amaranth grain">amaranth grains</a> are toasted much like popcorn and mixed with <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">molasses</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a> to make a treat called <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Alegr%C3%ADa_(Mexican_candy)" title="Alegría (Mexican candy)">alegría</a></i></span>, meaning "joy" in Spanish. </p><p>While all species are believed to be native to the Americas, several have been cultivated and introduced to warm regions worldwide. Amaranth's cosmopolitan distribution makes it one of many plants providing evidence of <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">pre-Columbian oceanic contact</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest archeological evidence for amaranth in the Old World was found in an excavation in Narhan, India, dated to 1000–800 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of its importance as a symbol of indigenous culture, its palatability, ease of cooking, and a protein that is particularly well-suited to human nutritional needs, interest in amaranth seeds (especially <i>A. cruentus</i> and <i>A. hypochondriacus</i>) revived in the 1970s. It was recovered in Mexico from wild varieties<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is now commercially cultivated. It is a popular snack in Mexico, sometimes mixed with chocolate or puffed rice, and its use has spread to Europe and other parts of North America. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seed">Seed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Seed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several species are raised for amaranth "grain" in Asia and the Americas. Amaranth and its relative <a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">quinoa</a> are considered <a href="/wiki/Pseudocereal" title="Pseudocereal">pseudocereals</a> because of their similarities to cereals in flavor and cooking. The spread of <i>Amaranthus</i> is of a joint effort of human expansion, adaptation, and fertilization strategies. Grain amaranth has been used for food by humans in several ways. The grain can be ground into a flour for use like other grain flours. It can be popped like popcorn, or flaked like oatmeal.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seeds of Amaranth grain have been found in <a href="/wiki/Antofagasta_de_la_Sierra_Department" title="Antofagasta de la Sierra Department">Antofagasta de la Sierra Department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catamarca_Province" title="Catamarca Province">Catamarca</a>, Argentina in the southern <a href="/wiki/Puna_de_Atacama" title="Puna de Atacama">Puna</a> desert of the north of Argentina dating from 4,500 years ago, with evidence suggesting earlier use.<sup id="cite_ref-Arrequez_etal_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arrequez_etal-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archeological evidence of seeds from <i>A. hypochondriacus</i> and <i>A. cruentus</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (May 2022)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> found in a cave in <a href="/wiki/Tehuac%C3%A1n" title="Tehuacán">Tehuacán</a>, Mexico, suggests amaranth was part of Aztec civilization in the 1400s.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ancient amaranth grains still used include the three species <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_caudatus" title="Amaranthus caudatus">Amaranthus caudatus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_cruentus" title="Amaranthus cruentus">A. cruentus</a></i>, and <i>A. hypochondriacus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Costea06_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costea06-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence from <a href="/wiki/Single-nucleotide_polymorphism" title="Single-nucleotide polymorphism">single-nucleotide polymorphisms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chromosome_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome structure">chromosome structure</a> supports <i>A. hypochondriacus</i> as the common ancestor of the three grain species.<sup id="cite_ref-stetter2_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stetter2-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been proposed as an inexpensive native crop that could be cultivated by indigenous people in rural areas for several reasons: </p> <ul><li>A small amount of seed plants a large area (seeding rate 1 kg/ha).</li> <li>Yields are high compared to the seeding rate: 1,000 kg or more per hectare.</li> <li>It is easily harvested and easily processed, post harvest, as there are no hulls to remove.</li> <li>Its seeds are a source of protein.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_1986_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker_1986-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mpoll_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpoll-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>It has rich content of the <a href="/wiki/Dietary_mineral" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary mineral">dietary minerals</a>, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium.<sup id="cite_ref-usdamrth_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usdamrth-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In cooked and edible forms, amaranth retains adequate content of several <a href="/wiki/Dietary_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary minerals">dietary minerals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-usdamrth_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usdamrth-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>It is easy to cook. Boil in water with twice the amount of water as grain by volume (or 2.4 times as much water by weight). Amaranth seed can also be popped one tablespoon at a time in a hot pan without oil, shaken every few seconds to avoid burning.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>It grows fast and, in three cultivated species, the large seedheads can weigh up to 1 kg and contain a half-million small seeds.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_1986_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker_1986-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In the United States, the amaranth crop is mostly used for seed production. Most amaranth in American food products starts as a ground flour, blended with wheat or other flours to create cereals, crackers, cookies, bread or other baked products. Despite utilization studies showing that amaranth can be blended with other flours at levels above 50% without affecting functional properties or taste, most commercial products use amaranth only as a minor portion of their ingredients despite them being marketed as "amaranth" products.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaves,_roots,_and_stems"><span id="Leaves.2C_roots.2C_and_stems"></span>Leaves, roots, and stems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Leaves, roots, and stems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Travancore_Cheera_Thoran.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Travancore_Cheera_Thoran.JPG/220px-Travancore_Cheera_Thoran.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Travancore_Cheera_Thoran.JPG/330px-Travancore_Cheera_Thoran.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Travancore_Cheera_Thoran.JPG/440px-Travancore_Cheera_Thoran.JPG 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>Southern Kerala-style traditional <a href="/wiki/Thoran" title="Thoran">Thoran</a> made with <i>Cheera</i> (amaranth) leaves</figcaption></figure> <p>Amaranth species are cultivated and consumed as a <a href="/wiki/Leaf_vegetable" title="Leaf vegetable">leaf vegetable</a> in many parts of the world. Four species of <i>Amaranthus</i> are documented as cultivated vegetables in eastern Asia: <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_cruentus" title="Amaranthus cruentus">Amaranthus cruentus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_blitum" title="Amaranthus blitum">Amaranthus blitum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_dubius" title="Amaranthus dubius">Amaranthus dubius</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_tricolor" title="Amaranthus tricolor">Amaranthus tricolor</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia">Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Indonesia and Malaysia, leaf amaranth is called <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">bayam</i></span> (although the word has since been loaned to refer to <a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a>, in a different genus<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In the Philippines, the <a href="/wiki/Ilocano_language" title="Ilocano language">Ilocano</a> word for the plant is <span title="Ilocano-language text"><i lang="ilo">kalunay</i></span>; the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> word for the plant is <span title="Tajik-language text"><i lang="tg">kilitis</i></span> or <span title="Tajik-language text"><i lang="tg">kulitis</i></span>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> in India, it is called <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">chaulai</i></span> and is a popular red leafy vegetable (referred to in the class of vegetable preparations called <span title="Hindi-language text"><i lang="hi-Latn">laal <a href="/wiki/Saag" title="Saag">saag</a></i></span>). It is called <i>chua</i> in Kumaun area of Uttarakhand, where it is a popular red-green vegetable. In <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> in India, it is called <span title="Kannada-language text"><i lang="kn-Latn">harive soppu</i></span> (<span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ಹರಿವೆ ಸೊಪ್ಪು</span></span>). It is used to prepare curries such as <i>hulee, palya, majjigay-hulee</i>, and so on. In Kerala, it is called <i>cheera</i> and is consumed by stir-frying the leaves with spices and red chili peppers to make a dish called <i>cheera <a href="/wiki/Thoran" title="Thoran">thoran</a></i>. In Tamil Nadu, it is called <span title="Tamil-language text"><i lang="ta-Latn">mulaikkira</i></span> and is regularly consumed as a favourite dish, where the greens are steamed and mashed with light seasoning of salt, red chili pepper, and cumin. It is called <span title="Tamil-language text"><i lang="ta-Latn">keerai masial</i></span>. In the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and other Telugu speaking regions of the country, this leaf is called as "<i>Thotakura</i>" and is cooked as a standalone curry, added as a part of mix leafy vegetable curry or added in preparation of a popular <i><a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">dal</a></i> called <span title="Telugu-language text"><i lang="te-Latn">thotakura pappu</i></span> (<span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">తోటకూర పప్పు</span></span>) in (<a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>). In Maharashtra, it is called <span title="Marathi-language text"><i lang="mr-Latn">shravani maath</i></span> and is available in both red and white colour. In Orissa, it is called <span title="Odia-language text"><i lang="or-Latn">khada saga</i></span>, it is used to prepare <span title="Odia-language text"><i lang="or-Latn">saga bhaja</i></span>, in which the leaf is fried with chili and onions. In <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, the green variant is called <span title="Bengali-language text"><i lang="bn-Latn">Notey Shaak</i></span> (<span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">নটে শাক</span></span>) and the red variant is called <span title="Bengali-language text"><i lang="bn-Latn">Laal Shaak</i></span> (<span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">লাল শাক</span></span>). </p><p>In China, the leaves and stems are used as a stir-fry vegetable, or in soups. In Vietnam, it is called <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">rau dền</i></span> and is used to make <a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">soup</a>. Two species are popular as edible vegetable in Vietnam: <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">dền đỏ</i></span> (<i>Amaranthus tricolor</i>) and <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">dền cơm</i></span> or <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">dền trắng</i></span> (<i>Amaranthus viridis</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Africa">Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A traditional food plant in Africa, amaranth has the potential to improve nutrition, boost <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a>, foster rural development and support sustainable land care.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Bantu regions of Uganda and western Kenya, it is known as <i>doodo</i> or <i>litoto</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known among the <a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_people" title="Kalenjin people">Kalenjin</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a> crop (<i>chepkerta</i>). In <a href="/wiki/Lingala_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingala language">Lingala</a> (spoken in the Congo), it is known as <span title="Lingala-language text"><i lang="ln">lɛngalɛnga</i></span> or <span title="Lingala-language text"><i lang="ln">bítɛkutɛku</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Nigeria, it is a common vegetable and goes with all Nigerian starch dishes. It is known in <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a> as <span title="Yoruba-language text"><i lang="yo">shoko</i></span>, a short form of <span title="Yoruba-language text"><i lang="yo">shokoyokoto</i></span> (meaning "make the husband fat"), or <span title="Yoruba-language text"><i lang="yo">arowo jeja</i></span> (meaning "we have money left over for fish"). In Botswana, it is referred to as <i>morug</i> and cooked as a staple green vegetable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Greece, purple amaranth (<i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_blitum" title="Amaranthus blitum">Amaranthus blitum</a></i>) is a popular dish called <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">βλήτα</span></span>, <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">vlita</i></span> or <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">vleeta</i></span>. It is boiled, then served with olive oil and lemon juice like a salad, sometimes alongside fried fish. Greeks stop harvesting the plant (which also grows wild) when it starts to bloom at the end of August. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Americas">Americas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Brazil, green amaranth was, and to a degree still is, often considered an invasive species as all other species of amaranth (except the generally imported <i>A. caudatus</i> cultivar), though some have traditionally appreciated it as a leaf vegetable, under the names of <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">caruru</i></span> or <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">bredo</i></span>, which is consumed cooked, generally accompanying the staple food, <a href="/wiki/Rice_and_beans" title="Rice and beans">rice and beans</a>. </p><p>In the Caribbean, the leaves are called <i>bhaji</i> in Trinidad and <i>callaloo</i> in Jamaica, and are sautéed with onions, garlic, and tomatoes, or sometimes used in a soup called pepperpot soup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oil">Oil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Oil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Making up about 5% of the total <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</a> of amaranth, <a href="/wiki/Squalene" title="Squalene">squalene</a><sup id="cite_ref-HeCai2002_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeCai2002-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is extracted as a vegetable-based alternative to the more expensive <a href="/wiki/Shark_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Shark oil">shark oil</a> for use in <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplements" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary supplements">dietary supplements</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dyes">Dyes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Dyes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The flowers of the 'Hopi Red Dye' amaranth were used by the <a href="/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi">Hopi</a> (a tribe in the western United States) as the source of a deep red <a href="/wiki/Natural_dye" title="Natural dye">dye</a>. Also a synthetic dye was named "<a href="/wiki/Amaranth_(dye)" title="Amaranth (dye)">amaranth</a>" for its similarity in color to the natural amaranth <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigments</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Betalain" title="Betalain">betalains</a>. This synthetic dye is also known as Red No. 2 in North America and E123 in the European Union.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ornamentals">Ornamentals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ornamentals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amaranthus_flowers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Amaranthus_flowers.jpg/220px-Amaranthus_flowers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Amaranthus_flowers.jpg/330px-Amaranthus_flowers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Amaranthus_flowers.jpg/440px-Amaranthus_flowers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1602" /></a><figcaption><i>A. hypochondriacus</i> (prince's feather) flowering</figcaption></figure> <p>The genus also contains several well-known ornamental plants, such as <i>Amaranthus caudatus</i> (love-lies-bleeding), a vigorous, <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_(plants)" title="Hardiness (plants)">hardy</a> annual with dark purplish <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> crowded in handsome drooping spikes. Another Indian annual, <i>A. hypochondriacus</i> (prince's feather), has deeply veined, lance-shaped leaves, purple on the under face, and deep crimson flowers densely packed on erect spikes. </p><p>Amaranths are recorded as food plants for some <a href="/wiki/Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera">Lepidoptera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Butterfly" title="Butterfly">butterfly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moth" title="Moth">moth</a>) species including the <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg_(moth)" title="Nutmeg (moth)">nutmeg moth</a> and various case-bearer moths of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Coleophora" title="Coleophora">Coleophora</a></i>: <i>C. amaranthella</i>, <i>C. enchorda</i> (feeds exclusively on <i>Amaranthus</i>), <i>C. immortalis</i> (feeds exclusively on <i>Amaranthus</i>), <i>C. lineapulvella</i>, and <i>C. versurella</i> (recorded on <i>A. spinosus</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Diego_Dur%C3%A1n" title="Diego Durán">Diego Durán</a> described the festivities for the Aztec god <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Huitzilopochtli" class="mw-redirect" title="Huitzilopochtli">Huitzilopochtli</a></span></span>. The Aztec month of <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Panquetzaliztli</a></span></span> (7 December to 26 December) was dedicated to <span title="Classical Nahuatl-language text"><span lang="nci" style="font-style: normal;">Huitzilopochtli</span></span>. People decorated their homes and trees with paper flags; ritual races, processions, dances, songs, prayers, and finally <a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">human sacrifices</a> were held. This was one of the more important Aztec festivals, and the people prepared for the whole month. They fasted or ate very little; a statue of the god was made out of amaranth seeds and honey, and at the end of the month, it was cut into small pieces so everybody could eat a piece of the god. After the Spanish conquest, cultivation of amaranth was outlawed, while some of the festivities were subsumed into the Christmas celebration. </p><p>Amaranth is associated with longevity and, poetically, with death and immortality.<sup id="cite_ref-guilherme2022_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guilherme2022-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amaranth garlands were used in the mourning of <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guilherme2022_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guilherme2022-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i> portrays a showy amaranth in the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a>, "remov'd from Heav'n" when it blossoms because the flowers "shade the fountain of life".<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He describes amaranth as "immortal" in reference to the flowers that generally do not wither and retain bright reddish tones of color, even when deceased; referred to in one species as "<a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_caudatus" title="Amaranthus caudatus">love-lies-bleeding</a>." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amaranthus_caudatus1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Love-lies-bleeding (A. caudatus)"><img alt="Love-lies-bleeding (A. caudatus)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Amaranthus_caudatus1.jpg/160px-Amaranthus_caudatus1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Amaranthus_caudatus1.jpg/240px-Amaranthus_caudatus1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Amaranthus_caudatus1.jpg/320px-Amaranthus_caudatus1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Love-lies-bleeding (<i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_caudatus" title="Amaranthus caudatus">A. caudatus</a></i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amaranthus.hybridus1web.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Green amaranth (A. hybridus)"><img alt="Green amaranth (A. hybridus)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Amaranthus.hybridus1web.jpg/126px-Amaranthus.hybridus1web.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Amaranthus.hybridus1web.jpg/190px-Amaranthus.hybridus1web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Amaranthus.hybridus1web.jpg/253px-Amaranthus.hybridus1web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Green amaranth (<i>A. hybridus</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amaranth2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seabeach amaranth (A. pumilus), an amaranth on the Federal Threatened species List"><img alt="Seabeach amaranth (A. pumilus), an amaranth on the Federal Threatened species List" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Amaranth2.jpg/142px-Amaranth2.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Amaranth2.jpg/213px-Amaranth2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Amaranth2.jpg/284px-Amaranth2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="275" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_pumilus" title="Amaranthus pumilus">Seabeach amaranth</a> (<i>A. pumilus</i>), an amaranth on the Federal <a href="/wiki/Threatened_species" title="Threatened species">Threatened species</a> List</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_Amaranthus_retroflexus0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red-root amaranth (A. retroflexus)—from Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885"><img alt="Red-root amaranth (A. retroflexus)—from Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Illustration_Amaranthus_retroflexus0.jpg/78px-Illustration_Amaranthus_retroflexus0.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Illustration_Amaranthus_retroflexus0.jpg/117px-Illustration_Amaranthus_retroflexus0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Illustration_Amaranthus_retroflexus0.jpg/157px-Illustration_Amaranthus_retroflexus0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="2354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Red-root amaranth (<i>A. retroflexus</i>)—from Thomé, <i>Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz</i> 1885</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amaranthus.spinosus1web.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spiny amaranth (A. spinosus)"><img alt="Spiny amaranth (A. spinosus)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Amaranthus.spinosus1web.jpg/160px-Amaranthus.spinosus1web.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Amaranthus.spinosus1web.jpg/240px-Amaranthus.spinosus1web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Amaranthus.spinosus1web.jpg/320px-Amaranthus.spinosus1web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spiny amaranth (<i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_spinosus" title="Amaranthus spinosus">A. spinosus</a></i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amaranthus.viridis1web.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Green amaranth (A. viridis)"><img alt="Green amaranth (A. viridis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Amaranthus.viridis1web.jpg/160px-Amaranthus.viridis1web.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Amaranthus.viridis1web.jpg/240px-Amaranthus.viridis1web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Amaranthus.viridis1web.jpg/320px-Amaranthus.viridis1web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Green amaranth (<i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_viridis" title="Amaranthus viridis">A. viridis</a></i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amaranth_sp_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Popping amaranth (Amaranthus sp.)"><img alt="Popping amaranth (Amaranthus sp.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Amaranth_sp_2.jpg/58px-Amaranth_sp_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="58" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Amaranth_sp_2.jpg/87px-Amaranth_sp_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Amaranth_sp_2.jpg/116px-Amaranth_sp_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2475" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Popping amaranth (<i>Amaranthus sp.</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fepm_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amaranth from Chilpancingo"><img alt="Amaranth from Chilpancingo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Fepm_%288%29.jpg/83px-Fepm_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Fepm_%288%29.jpg/124px-Fepm_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Fepm_%288%29.jpg/166px-Fepm_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="631" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amaranth from <a href="/wiki/Chilpancingo" title="Chilpancingo">Chilpancingo</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_grains" title="Ancient grains">Ancient grains</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSt._Clair2017" class="citation book cs1">St. Clair, Kassia (24 October 2017). <i>The Secret Lives of Color</i>. Penguin Group. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0143131144" title="Special:BookSources/978-0143131144"><bdi>978-0143131144</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+Lives+of+Color&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2017-10-24&rft.isbn=978-0143131144&rft.aulast=St.+Clair&rft.aufirst=Kassia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/18481/Amaranthaceae#ref230955">"Amaranthaceae | plant family"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Amaranthaceae+%7C+plant+family&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F18481%2FAmaranthaceae%23ref230955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bensch-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bensch_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bensch_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bensch_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBensch2003" class="citation journal cs1">Bensch; et al. (2003). "Interference of redroot pigweed (<i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i>), Palmer amaranth (<i>A. palmeri</i>), and common waterhemp (<i>A. rudis</i>) in soybean". <i>Weed Science</i>. <b>51</b>: 37–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1614%2F0043-1745%282003%29051%5B0037%3AIORPAR%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0037:IORPAR]2.0.CO;2</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86018188">86018188</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Interference+of+redroot+pigweed+%28Amaranthus+retroflexus%29%2C+Palmer+amaranth+%28A.+palmeri%29%2C+and+common+waterhemp+%28A.+rudis%29+in+soybean&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=37-43&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1614%2F0043-1745%282003%29051%5B0037%3AIORPAR%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A86018188%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Bensch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/azencyclopediaof0000unse"><i>RHS A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>. 2008. p. 1136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405332965" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405332965"><bdi>978-1405332965</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RHS+A%E2%80%93Z+encyclopedia+of+garden+plants&rft.pages=1136&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1405332965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fazencyclopediaof0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schmid-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schmid_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schmid_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schmid_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schmid_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schmid_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schmid_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schmid_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidJuddCampbellKellogg2007" class="citation journal cs1">Schmid, Rudolf; Judd, Walter S.; Campbell, Christopher S.; et al. 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"The Dioecious <i>Amaranthus</i> spp.: Here to Stay". <i>Weed Technology</i>. <b>21</b> (2): 567–570. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1614%2FWT-06-045.1">10.1614/WT-06-045.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84733087">84733087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=The+Dioecious+Amaranthus+spp.%3A+Here+to+Stay&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=567-570&rft.date=2007-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1614%2FWT-06-045.1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84733087%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Steckel&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2020" class="citation news cs1">Wong, James (9 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/feb/09/james-wong-on-gardens-amaranth-indonesian-spinach">"Amaranth tastes as good as it looks"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Amaranth+tastes+as+good+as+it+looks&rft.date=2020-02-09&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2020%2Ffeb%2F09%2Fjames-wong-on-gardens-amaranth-indonesian-spinach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailly2020" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bailly, Anatole; et al. 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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. pp. 25–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789251027134" title="Special:BookSources/9789251027134"><bdi>9789251027134</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edible+plants+of+Uganda&rft.pages=25-6&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9789251027134&rft.au=Goode%2C+P.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnama,_M.1994" class="citation journal cs1">Enama, M. (1994). "Culture: The missing nexus in ecological economics perspective". <i>Ecological Economics</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 93–95. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994EcoEc..10...93E">1994EcoEc..10...93E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0921-8009%2894%2900010-7">10.1016/0921-8009(94)00010-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Culture%3A+The+missing+nexus+in+ecological+economics+perspective&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=93-95&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0921-8009%2894%2900010-7&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994EcoEc..10...93E&rft.au=Enama%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HeCai2002-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HeCai2002_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeCaiSunCorke2002" class="citation journal cs1">He, Han-Ping; Cai, Yizhong; Sun, Mei; Corke, Harold (2002). "Extraction and Purification of Squalene from <i>Amaranthus</i> Grain". <i>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</i>. <b>50</b> (2): 368–372. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf010918p">10.1021/jf010918p</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8561">0021-8561</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11782209">11782209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Extraction+and+Purification+of+Squalene+from+Amaranthus+Grain&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=368-372&rft.date=2002&rft.issn=0021-8561&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11782209&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf010918p&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Han-Ping&rft.au=Cai%2C+Yizhong&rft.au=Sun%2C+Mei&rft.au=Corke%2C+Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/squalene-market-size-to-exceed-usd-240-million-by-2022-global-market-insights-inc-577232031.html">"Squalene Market Size to Exceed USD 240 Million by 2022"</a>. Global Market Insights Inc. 27 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Squalene+Market+Size+to+Exceed+USD+240+Million+by+2022&rft.pub=Global+Market+Insights+Inc.&rft.date=2016-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fsqualene-market-size-to-exceed-usd-240-million-by-2022-global-market-insights-inc-577232031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The following color additives are not authorized for use in food products in the United States: (1) Amaranth (C.I. 16185, EEC No. E123, formerly certifiable as FD&C red No. 2);" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/cp03803.html">FDA/CFSAN Food Compliance Program: Domestic Food Safety Program</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929110929/http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/cp03803.html">Archived</a> 2007-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guilherme2022-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guilherme2022_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guilherme2022_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNabais_Freitas2022" class="citation journal cs1">Nabais Freitas, Guilherme (2022-02-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/nq/article/69/1/28/6517961">"Anti-Spenserian Amaranth In Milton's Lycidas"</a>. <i>Notes and Queries</i>. <b>69</b> (1): 28–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnotesj%2Fgjac007">10.1093/notesj/gjac007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-3970">0029-3970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Queries&rft.atitle=Anti-Spenserian+Amaranth+In+Milton%27s+Lycidas&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=28-31&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnotesj%2Fgjac007&rft.issn=0029-3970&rft.aulast=Nabais+Freitas&rft.aufirst=Guilherme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fnq%2Farticle%2F69%2F1%2F28%2F6517961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1957" class="citation journal cs1">Allen, D. C. (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3043098">"Milton's Amarant"</a>. <i>Modern Language Notes</i>. <b>72</b> (4): 256–258. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3043098">10.2307/3043098</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0149-6611">0149-6611</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3043098">3043098</a>. <q>The <i>amaranthus</i> was known to antiquity as an unfading flower, and it was used as a garland in the veneration of the wraith of Achilles</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Language+Notes&rft.atitle=Milton%27s+Amarant&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=256-258&rft.date=1957&rft.issn=0149-6611&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3043098%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3043098&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=D.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3043098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilton2000" class="citation book cs1">Milton, John (2000). <i>Paradise Lost</i>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/647024119">647024119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paradise+Lost&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F647024119&rft.aulast=Milton&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Howard, Brian Clark. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808071935/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/08/130812-amaranth-oaxaca-mexico-obesity-puente-food/?google_editors_picks=true">Amaranth: Another Ancient Wonder Food, But Who Will Eat It?</a>". <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic</a> Online, August 12, 2013.</li> <li>Fanton M., Fanton J. <i>Amaranth</i> The Seed Savers' Handbook. (1993)</li> <li>Assad, R., Reshi, Z. A., Jan, S., & Rashid, I. (2017). Biology of amaranths. The Botanical Review, 83(4), 382–436.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amaranthus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amaranthus">Amaranthus</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Amaranthus.html">" Multilingual taxonomic information"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=+Multilingual+taxonomic+information&rft.pub=University+of+Melbourne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au%2FSorting%2FAmaranthus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmaranth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104004544/http://www.cropsforthefuture.org/crop-of-the-week-archive/grain-amaranth-amaranthus-spp-amaranthaceae/">Grain amaranth, Crops For A Future</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">Barley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonio" title="Fonio">Fonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job%27s_tears" title="Job's tears">Job's tears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize (Corn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">Millets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">Oats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">Sorghum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teff" title="Teff">Teff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triticale" title="Triticale">Triticale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_rice" title="Wild rice">Wild rice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Wheat_(Triticum)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat <span class="nobold">(Triticum)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_wheat" title="Common wheat">Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durum_wheat" title="Durum wheat">Durum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasan_wheat" title="Khorasan wheat">Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Fife_wheat" title="Red Fife wheat">Red Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norin_10_wheat" title="Norin 10 wheat">Norin 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_wheat" title="Winter wheat">Winter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farro" title="Farro">Farro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Einkorn" title="Einkorn">Einkorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmer" title="Emmer">Emmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">Spelt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudocereal" title="Pseudocereal">Pseudocereals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat" title="Buckwheat">Buckwheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagopyrum_tataricum" title="Fagopyrum tataricum">Tartary buckwheat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amaranth" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amaranth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_caudatus" title="Amaranthus caudatus">A. caudatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_cruentus" title="Amaranthus cruentus">A. cruentus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaranthus_hypochondriacus" title="Amaranthus hypochondriacus">A. hypochondriacus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celosia" title="Celosia">Celosia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium_berlandieri" title="Chenopodium berlandieri">Pitseed goosefoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium_pallidicaule" title="Chenopodium pallidicaule">Cañihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium_formosanum" title="Chenopodium formosanum">Djulis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_hispanica" title="Salvia hispanica">Chia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emerging grain crops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_grass" title="Canary grass">Canary grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Drinn">Drinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_ricegrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian ricegrass">Indian ricegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_wheatgrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate wheatgrass">Intermediate wheatgrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangaroo grass">Kangaroo grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipa_grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipa grass">Nipa grass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oryza_coarctata" title="Oryza coarctata">Oryza coarctata</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Triticeae" title="Triticeae">Triticeae</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Natufian_culture" title="Natufian culture">Natufian culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abu_Hureyra" title="Tell Abu Hureyra">Tell Abu Hureyra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Aswad" title="Tell Aswad">Tell Aswad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">Genetic engineering</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">Selective breeding</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Crop_wild_relative" title="Crop wild relative">Crop wild relative</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Amaranthus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156344" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q156344">Q156344</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Amaranthus">Amaranthus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/187986">187986</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/85012">85012</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/T8M">T8M</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/State_Herbarium_of_South_Australia" title="State Herbarium of South Australia">eFloraSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Amaranthus">Amaranthus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/37601">37601</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1AMAG">1AMAG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/21382">21382</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=101257">101257</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=101257">101257</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">FoIO: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flora.org.il/en/plants/AMARET">AMARET</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3085074">3085074</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=484">484</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/52326">52326</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">IPA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=16885">16885</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/1127-1">1127-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=20715">20715</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000455820">NHMSYS0000455820</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=3564">3564</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/29a45bd3-f7f2-4730-9955-8e408a17c206">29a45bd3-f7f2-4730-9955-8e408a17c206</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=317808">317808</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/AMARA">AMARA</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A327362-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327362-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40011305">40011305</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/807">807</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/048c0021-ba94-41cd-9bfa-57d3e231827f">048c0021-ba94-41cd-9bfa-57d3e231827f</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">WoI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildflowers.co.il/english/plant.asp?ID=535">535</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000001466">wfo-4000001466</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=415033">415033</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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