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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-어원" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#어원"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>어원</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-어원-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-정의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#정의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>정의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-정의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-기후_요소와_기후_인자" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기후_요소와_기후_인자"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>기후 요소와 기후 인자</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-기후_요소와_기후_인자-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>기후 요소와 기후 인자 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-기후_요소와_기후_인자-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-기후_요소와_기후_시스템" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기후_요소와_기후_시스템"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>기후 요소와 기후 시스템</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-기후_요소와_기후_시스템-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-기후_인자" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기후_인자"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>기후 인자</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-기후_인자-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-기후_구분" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기후_구분"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>기후 구분</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-기후_구분-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>기후 구분 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-기후_구분-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-발생적_기후_구분" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#발생적_기후_구분"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>발생적 기후 구분</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-발생적_기후_구분-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-경험적_기후_구분" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#경험적_기후_구분"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>경험적 기후 구분</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-경험적_기후_구분-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-기후_변화" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기후_변화"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>기후 변화</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-기후_변화-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-인공기후" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#인공기후"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>인공기후</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-인공기후-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">기후</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 161개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-161" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">161개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klimaat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 독일어(스위스)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="독일어(스위스)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 아라곤어" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="아라곤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medumweder" title="Medumweder – 고대 영어" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Medumweder" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="고대 영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="مناخ – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مناخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE" title="مناخ – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مناخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81" title="জলবায়ু – 아삼어" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জলবায়ু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="아삼어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0qlim" title="İqlim – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İqlim" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ایقلیم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایقلیم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimats" title="Klimats – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Klimats" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Клімат – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Клімат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Клімат – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Клімат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="जलवायु – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जलवायु" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81" title="জলবায়ু – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জলবায়ু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B" title="གནམ་གཤིས་ – 티베트어" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གནམ་གཤིས་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="티베트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hin" title="Hin – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 체첸어" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="체첸어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 세부아노어" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="세부아노어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7" title="ئاووھەوا – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاووھەوا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podneb%C3%AD" title="Podnebí – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Podnebí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinsawdd" title="Hinsawdd – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hinsawdd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kl%C4%B1m" title="İklım – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İklım" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Κλίμα – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κλίμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="좋은 글"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate" title="Climate – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Climate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimato" title="Klimato – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klimato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kliima" title="Kliima – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kliima" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climi" title="Climi – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Climi" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="اقلیم – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اقلیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmasto" title="Ilmasto – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ilmasto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kliima" title="Kliima – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kliima" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climat" title="Climat – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Climat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kliima" title="Kliima – 북부 프리지아어" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kliima" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="북부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Klimaat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aer%C3%A1id" title="Aeráid – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aeráid" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gn%C3%A0th-sh%C3%ACde" title="Gnàth-shìde – 스코틀랜드 게일어" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gnàth-shìde" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드 게일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ararova" title="Ararova – 과라니어" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ararova" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="과라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate" title="Climate – 하우사어" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Climate" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="하우사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אקלים – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקלים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="जलवायु – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जलवायु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaapaani" title="Hawaapaani – 피지 힌디어" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hawaapaani" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="피지 힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ghajlat" title="Éghajlat – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Éghajlat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Կլիմա – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կլիմա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate" title="Climate – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Climate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Iklim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 인테르링구에" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="인테르링구에" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhu_igwe" title="Lhu igwe – 이그보어" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Lhu igwe" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="이그보어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 이로코어" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="이로코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Мехкал – 인귀시어" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Мехкал" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="인귀시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimato" title="Klimato – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Klimato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loftslag" title="Loftslag – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Loftslag" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E5%80%99" title="気候 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="気候" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaimit" title="Klaimit – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Klaimit" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Iklim" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კლიმატი – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კლიმატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat – 카라칼파크어" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Klimat" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="카라칼파크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anezwu" title="Anezwu – 커바일어" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Anezwu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="커바일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A3" title="ವಾಯುಗುಣ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಯುಗುಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 카라챠이-발카르어" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="카라챠이-발카르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avhewa" title="Avhewa – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Avhewa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayredh" title="Ayredh – 콘월어" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ayredh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="콘월어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekigeranyabudde" title="Ekigeranyabudde – 간다어" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ekigeranyabudde" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="간다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat – 림버거어" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Klimaat" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="림버거어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 롬바르드어" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="롬바르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ສະພາບອາກາດ – 라오어" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສະພາບອາກາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="라오어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimatas" title="Klimatas – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Klimatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimats" title="Klimats – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klimats" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Климатсь – 모크샤어" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Климатсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="모크샤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toetany" title="Toetany – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Toetany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Клима – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Клима" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="അന്തരീക്ഷസ്ഥിതി – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്തരീക്ഷസ്ഥിതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Уур амьсгал – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уур амьсгал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="हवामान सरासरी स्थिती – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हवामान सरासरी स्थिती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Iklim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 미란데어" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="미란데어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A5%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="ရာသီဥတု – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရာသီဥတု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BE" title="Венельксчачо – 엘즈야어" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Венельксчачо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="엘즈야어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 저지 독일어" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="저지 독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaot" title="Klimaot – 저지 색슨어" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Klimaot" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="저지 색슨어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="हावापानी – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हावापानी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="लःफय् – 네와르어" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लःफय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="네와르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klimaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%B3%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81" title="ଜଳବାୟୁ – 오리야어" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜଳବାୟୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="오리야어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%C3%A6%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8A%C3%A6%D0%B4" title="Бæстыхъæд – 오세트어" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бæстыхъæд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="오세트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80" title="ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੌਣਪਾਣੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 파피아먼토어" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="파피아먼토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Klimat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کلائیمیٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کلائیمیٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_(%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7)" title="اقلیم (هوا) – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اقلیم (هوا)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clim%C4%83" title="Climă – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Climă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clim%C3%A2" title="Climâ – 아로마니아어" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Climâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="아로마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Клімат – 루신어" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Клімат" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="루신어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 사르디니아어" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="사르디니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 시칠리아어" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="시칠리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate" title="Climate – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Climate" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A7" title="آبھوا – 신디어" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آبھوا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="신디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="දේශගුණය – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දේශගුණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate" title="Climate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Climate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podnebie_(kl%C3%ADma)" title="Podnebie (klíma) – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Podnebie (klíma)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podnebje" title="Podnebje – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Podnebje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimilo" title="Cimilo – 소말리아어" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Cimilo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="소말리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Клима – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Клима" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim – 순다어" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Iklim" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="순다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Klimat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabianchi" title="Tabianchi – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tabianchi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%8E%EA%A0%9F%EA%A0%9B%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%81%EA%A0%83" title="ꠎꠟꠛꠣꠁꠃ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠎꠟꠛꠣꠁꠃ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="தட்பவெப்பநிலை – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தட்பவெப்பநிலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayal" title="Kayal – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Kayal" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D2%9B%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иқлим – 타지크어" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иқлим" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="타지크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8" title="ภูมิอากาศ – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภูมิอากาศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klima" title="Klima – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Klima" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepo_Loapi" title="Tepo Loapi – 츠와나어" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Tepo Loapi" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="츠와나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0klim" title="İklim – 튀르키예어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İklim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="튀르키예어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinguva" title="Tinguva – 총가어" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Tinguva" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="총가어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Климат" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ber%C9%9B_tenten_mu_wien_b%C9%94ber%C9%9B" title="Berɛ tenten mu wien bɔberɛ – 트위어" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Berɛ tenten mu wien bɔberɛ" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="트위어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Клімат – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клімат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8_%D9%88_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7" title="آب و ہوا – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آب و ہوا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqlim" title="Iqlim – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iqlim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clima" title="Clima – 베네치아어" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Clima" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="베네치아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Klimat" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AD_h%E1%BA%ADu" title="Khí hậu – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khí hậu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat – 볼라퓌크어" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Klimat" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="볼라퓌크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klema" title="Klema – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Klema" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njuux_li" title="Njuux li – 월로프어" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Njuux li" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="월로프어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氣候" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კლიმატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კლიმატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98" title="קלימאט – 이디시어" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קלימאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="이디시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiqhaeuh" title="Heiqhaeuh – 주앙어" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Heiqhaeuh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="주앙어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%9C" title="ⴰⵏⴳⵉⴳⵜ – 표준 모로코 타마지트어" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵏⴳⵉⴳⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="표준 모로코 타마지트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氣候" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AC-h%C4%81u" title="Khì-hāu – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khì-hāu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氣候" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7937#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="언어 간 링크 편집" 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:240px"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%ED%95%99" title="기상학">기상학</a> 관련 문서</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A0%EC%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="날씨">날씨</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:SkyBlue; color:#ffffff;"> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%88" title="계절">계절</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; text-align: center; width: 237px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Four_seasons.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="사계절"><img alt="사계절" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Four_seasons.jpg/230px-Four_seasons.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Four_seasons.jpg/345px-Four_seasons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Four_seasons.jpg/460px-Four_seasons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="594" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><b><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EB%8C%80" class="mw-redirect" title="한대">한대</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%95%9C%EB%8C%80" class="mw-redirect" title="아한대">아한대</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80" class="mw-redirect" title="냉대">냉대</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%8C%80" title="온대">온대</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80" title="아열대">아열대</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EC%A1%B0_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="건조 기후">건조</a></b></td> <td bgcolor="#FFDFED"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B4%84" title="봄">봄</a></td> <td rowspan="4"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80" title="열대">열대</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EC%A1%B0_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="건조 기후">건조</a></b></td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FFD380"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EA%B8%B0" title="건기">건기</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BBEEAA"><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AC%EB%A6%84" title="여름">여름</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F8B98A"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%84" title="가을">가을</a></td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#C5E3F1"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EA%B8%B0" title="우기">우기</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C5E3F1"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%A8%EC%9A%B8" title="겨울">겨울</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:SkyBlue; color:#ffffff;"> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%ED%92%8D" title="폭풍">폭풍</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%87%8C%EC%9A%B0" title="뇌우">뇌우</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%84" title="토네이도">토네이도</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80_%EC%A0%80%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%95" title="열대 저기압">열대 저기압</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%8C%80_%EC%A0%80%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%95" title="온대 저기압">온대 저기압</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%A8%EC%9A%B8_%ED%8F%AD%ED%92%8D" title="겨울 폭풍">겨울 폭풍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%9E%90%EB%93%9C" title="블리자드">블리자드</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%82%AC" title="황사">황사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%9E%98_%ED%8F%AD%ED%92%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="모래 폭풍">모래 폭풍</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%ED%92%8D" title="태풍">태풍</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:SkyBlue; color:#ffffff;"> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%88%98" title="강수">강수</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%EA%B0%9C" title="안개">안개</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84_(%EB%82%A0%EC%94%A8)" title="비 (날씨)">비</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%88%88_(%EB%82%A0%EC%94%A8)" title="눈 (날씨)">눈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%B0%95" title="우박">우박</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:SkyBlue; color:#ffffff;"> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%ED%95%99" title="기상학">기상학</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81" title="기상">기상</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">기후</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%98%88%EB%B3%B4" title="일기예보">일기예보</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BE%A8%ED%8E%9C%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EA%B5%AC%EB%B6%84" title="쾨펜의 기후 구분">쾨펜의 기후 구분</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38585741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%82%A0%EC%94%A8" title="틀:날씨"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EB%82%A0%EC%94%A8" title="틀토론:날씨"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EB%82%A0%EC%94%A8" title="특수:문서편집/틀:날씨"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>기후</b>(氣候, climate)는 특정 장소에서 해마다 되풀이되는 보편적인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0%EA%B6%8C" title="지구 대기권">대기</a>의 종합적인 상태를 말한다.<sup id="cite_ref-교육부_쾨펜_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-교육부_쾨펜-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 기후는 계속하여 변동하기 때문에 최근 30년 사이의 평균 값으로 현재 기후의 기준을 삼는다. 이를 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%ED%8F%89%EB%85%84%EA%B0%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 평년값 (없는 문서)">기후 평년값</a> 또는 예년이라고 한다. 최근 들어 기후의 변화폭이 커지면서 10년 단위의 평균을 따로 산출하여 기후 변화 지표로 삼고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 한편 대기의 상태는 시시각각 변하며 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81" title="기상">날씨</a>는 이러한 대기의 자연적 변화를 가리키는 말이다.<sup id="cite_ref-교육부_쾨펜_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-교육부_쾨펜-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 날씨는 계절에 따라 계속하여 변하며 매일 매일이 다르지만 이러한 변화에는 일정한 패턴이 있어 이를 기후라고 한다. 물론 기후 역시 장기간에 걸쳐 계속하여 변화한다.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 현대에 들어 가속되는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="지구온난화">지구 온난화</a>는 급격한 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화">기후 변화</a>를 가져오고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>한 지역의 기후는 다양한 요소에 의해 결정된다. 기후를 결정하는 요인들의 상호 작용을 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EA%B3%84" title="기후계">기후계</a>라고 한다. 기후계를 이루는 요소들로는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0%EA%B6%8C" title="지구 대기권">대기권</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EA%B6%8C" title="수권">수권</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%EC%84%9D%EA%B6%8C" title="암석권">암석권</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%99%ED%95%98" title="빙하">빙하권</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" title="생물권">생물권</a>이 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-사이언스올_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-사이언스올-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 기후계는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%90_%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0%EB%A1%A0" title="판 구조론">판 구조의 변화</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B6%A4%EB%8F%84" title="지구의 궤도">지구의 궤도</a> 변화와 같은 자연적 원인과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="온실 가스">온실 가스</a>, 토지 이용의 변화와 같은 인위적 원인의 영향을 받아 끊임 없이 변화한다. </p><p>기후의 특성은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84" title="생태계">생태계</a>를 포함한 다양한 영역에 영향을 준다. 한 지역의 기후 특성은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%98%A8" title="기온">기온</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EB%8F%84" title="습도">습도</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%88%98" title="강수">강수</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%84" title="구름">구름</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%9E%8C" title="바람">바람</a>과 같은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EC%9D%B8%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기후 인자 (없는 문서)">기후 인자</a>들을 지표를 이용하여 구분할 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-이광호_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-이광호-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%BE%A8%ED%8E%9C%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EA%B5%AC%EB%B6%84" title="쾨펜의 기후 구분">쾨펜의 기후 구분</a>은 이러한 기후 인자 가운데 기온과 강수를 기준으로 특히 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="식물">식물</a>의 생태적 특징에 부합하도록 기후를 구분한 것이다.<sup id="cite_ref-교육부_쾨펜_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-교육부_쾨펜-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="어원"><span id=".EC.96.B4.EC.9B.90"></span>어원</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 어원"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>기(氣)와 후(候)는 원래 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%88%EA%B8%B0" title="절기">절기</a>를 나타내는 용어였다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C%EB%82%B4%EA%B2%BD" title="황제내경">황제내경</a>의 소문편 제3권에 다음과 같은 구절이 나온다.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <p><big>五日謂之候，三候謂之氣，六氣謂之時，四時謂之歲</big> <br /> 닷새를 합하여 후라고 하며 세 후가 모여 기가 됩니다. 여섯 기를 묶어 한 시(계절)가 되고, 사계절이 모여 한 해를 이룹니다.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>* 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>반면에 유럽 여러 언어에서 기후를 뜻하는 Climate는 그리스어의 기울어지다는 뜻에서 파생된 낱말이다. 지구 자전축의 기울기가 계절 변화의 원인이라는 점에 착안하여 도입되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="정의"><span id=".EC.A0.95.EC.9D.98"></span>정의</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 정의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>기후는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0%EA%B6%8C" title="지구 대기권">대기</a> 현상이 시간적 공간적으로 일반화된 것을 말한다. 즉 가장 출현 확률이 높은 대기의 종합상태이다. 19세기에는 기후를 대기의 평균상태라 정의하고, 기후요소 관측값의 연, 월 평균값 등의 조합에 의하여 표현하였다. 그러나 장년평균값이라고 해도 반드시 그 곳의 최다빈도를 나타내지 않을 뿐만 아니라, 불규칙적인 현상의 설명이나 서인적 설명에도 불충분하다. 그래서 기후를 매일 매일의 대기의 종합 상태로 나타내 주는 날씨의 중복으로 받아들여 대기대순환이나 요란을 기초로 한 기단, 전선, 기압장, 일기도 등의 출현빈도 분포에 의하여 동적, 종관적으로 받아들이는 견해가 근년에 들어 많이 발달되고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="세계기상기구">세계기상기구</a>는 장시간의 기후값으로 30년간의 평균을 사용하되 10년을 주기로 그 값을 갱신하도록 하고 있다. 예를 들어 2004년의 기후 값은 1971년에서 2000년까지 관측한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A0%EC%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="날씨">날씨</a>의 평균값이 된다. 이 평균값은 단순한 산술평균을 의미할 뿐 최빈값이나 중간값을 의미하지는 않는다.<sup id="cite_ref-이광호_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-이광호-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" class="mw-redirect" title="지질시대">지질시대</a>의 시공간 크기에서 보면 지구는 반복적인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%99%ED%95%98%EA%B8%B0" title="빙하기">빙하기</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%84%EB%B9%99%EA%B8%B0" title="간빙기">간빙기</a>가 반복되고 있으며, <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%8B%88%EB%87%A8" title="엘니뇨">엘니뇨</a>와 같은 국지적 기상 이변이 반복된다.따라서 기상 현상을 관측하는 시공간의 크기 문제, 국지적 기상 이변, <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85%ED%99%94" title="산업화">산업화</a> 이후 인간의 영향으로 인한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="지구온난화">지구온난화</a> 같은 현상은 기후의 정확한 정의를 확정하는데 어려움을 주고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 일반적인 기후의 정의를 내린다면 "기후란 한 지역에서의 관련된 기후 요소를 지나치게 짧지 않은 기간 동안에 걸쳐 관찰한 전구 통계학적 기술로서 지구 대기권의 성질과 변화를 충분히 상세하게 특징지어 설명하는 것이다."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="기후_요소와_기후_인자"><span id=".EA.B8.B0.ED.9B.84_.EC.9A.94.EC.86.8C.EC.99.80_.EA.B8.B0.ED.9B.84_.EC.9D.B8.EC.9E.90"></span>기후 요소와 기후 인자</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 기후 요소와 기후 인자"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%98%A8" title="기온">기온</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EB%8F%84" title="습도">습도</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%88%98" title="강수">강수</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%84" title="구름">구름</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%9E%8C" title="바람">바람</a>과 같이 기후를 나타내는 기본적인 물리량을 기후 요소라 한다. 한편 이러한 기후 요소의 시공간적 분포에 영향을 주는 인자를 기후 인자라 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-이광호_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-이광호-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="기후_요소와_기후_시스템"><span id=".EA.B8.B0.ED.9B.84_.EC.9A.94.EC.86.8C.EC.99.80_.EA.B8.B0.ED.9B.84_.EC.8B.9C.EC.8A.A4.ED.85.9C"></span>기후 요소와 기후 시스템</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 기후 요소와 기후 시스템"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EA%B3%84" title="기후계">기후계</a>입니다.</div> <table style="text-align:center; margin:1em; float:left; border:1px solid blue;"> <caption><b>기후 시스템</b><sup id="cite_ref-크리스티안_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-크리스티안-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="5" style="background:#efefef;">외적 영향 ↴ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#eeeeff;">대기권 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#eeeeff;">. </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background:#ffffff;">내<br />적<br />상<br />호<br />작<br />용 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#aeffae;">생물권<br /><small>특히 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="식물">식생</a></small> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#fefefe;">설빙권<br /><small>얼음</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#aeffae;">. </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#fefefe;">. </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#dedeff;">수권<br /> <small>바다,호수,강</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#bbaaaa;">지권<br /> <small>토양,암석,멘틀</small> </td> <td style="background:#dedeff;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>여러 기후 요소들은 서로 복잡하게 연관되어 에너지를 주고 받는다. 이렇게 여러 기후 요소가 서로 얽혀 현재의 기후와 기상 상태를 유지하는 것을 기후 시스템이라 한다. 지구의 기후 시스템은 크게 보아 대기권, 수권, 설빙권, 생물권, 지권 등으로 구성된다. 기후 시스템을 움직이는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="에너지">에너지</a>의 99.98%는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="태양">태양</a>에서 공급되며, 그 외의 에너지는 지구 내부와 지표에서 공급된다. 따라서 지구의 기후 시스템은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EB%B3%B5%EC%82%AC" title="태양복사">태양복사</a>에 의해 유지된다. 기후시스템 속에서 여러 형태의 에너지로 변화하는 태양복사 에너지는 최종적으로 지구장파복사 형태로 우주로 방출된다.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>기후 시스템을 이루는 요소들의 결합이 기후 과정을 일으키고 이에 따라 기후 상태와 기후 변화를 일으키며 이 시스템의 요소 사이의 내적 상호작용이 기후를 포함한 대기에서 관찰되는 현상들을 일으킨다. 따라서 기후 시스템 전체를 고려한 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%ED%95%99" title="기후학">기후학</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="자연과학">자연과학</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%99%EC%A0%9C%EA%B0%84_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="학제간 연구">학제간 연구</a>를 통해 이루어지게 된다.<sup id="cite_ref-크리스티안_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-크리스티안-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="기후_인자"><span id=".EA.B8.B0.ED.9B.84_.EC.9D.B8.EC.9E.90"></span>기후 인자</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 기후 인자"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>특정 지역의 기후에 영향을 미치는 기후 인자로는 다음과 같은 것들이 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91%EB%B3%B5%EC%82%AC" title="태양복사">태양복사</a>의 강도와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EB%8F%84" title="위도">위도</a> 변화</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91" class="mw-redirect" title="해양">해양</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99" title="대륙">대륙</a>의 분포</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%A5%98" title="해류">해류</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%81%EC%9B%94%ED%92%8D" title="탁월풍">탁월풍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%95" title="고기압">고기압</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%95" title="저기압">저기압</a>의 위치</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EB%A7%A5" title="산맥">산맥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%B0%9C%EA%B3%A0%EB%8F%84" title="해발고도">해발고도</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EC%9B%8C%EB%93%9C_%EB%85%B8%ED%84%B4_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88" title="에드워드 노턴 로렌즈">에드워드 노턴 로렌즈</a>는 기후 인자에 따른 기상 변화가 초기 조건에 민감한 것을 나타내는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88_%EB%81%8C%EA%B0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="로렌즈 끌개">로렌즈 끌개</a>를 발견하였다. 이는 흔히 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%B9%84_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC" title="나비 효과">나비 효과</a>로 알려져 있다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%98%BC%EB%8F%88_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="혼돈 이론">혼돈 이론</a>에서 중요하게 다루어지는 로렌즈 끌개는 비슷한 기후 패턴이 반복되는데도 왜 기상 예측을 하기 어려운지를 잘 보여준다.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="기후_구분"><span id=".EA.B8.B0.ED.9B.84_.EA.B5.AC.EB.B6.84"></span>기후 구분</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 기후 구분"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>지구상에서 나타나는 기후 현상은 매우 복잡하다. 또한 기후는 다른 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="자연환경">환경</a>과는 달리 시간에 따른 변화도 크다. 그러므로 기후를 쉽게 이해하기 위해서는 비슷한 특성을 기준으로 유형화 할 필요가 있다. 이렇게 일정한 기준으로 기후를 유형별로 분류한 것을 기후 구분이라 한다. 기후의 구분에는 기후의 발생 원인을 중심으로 하는 발생적 기후 구분과 식생과 같이 기후의 특징을 잘 반영할 수 있는 지표를 중심으로 그것의 분포에 영향을 미치는 기후 요소의 평균 값을 기준으로 구분하는 경험적 기후 구분이 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 발생적 기후 구분으로는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8B%A8" title="기단">기단</a>을 기준으로 한 알리소프의 기후 구분이 있으며 경험적 기후 구분으로는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BE%A8%ED%8E%9C%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EA%B5%AC%EB%B6%84" title="쾨펜의 기후 구분">쾨펜의 기후 구분</a>이 대표적이다.<sup id="cite_ref-크리스티안2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-크리스티안2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="발생적_기후_구분"><span id=".EB.B0.9C.EC.83.9D.EC.A0.81_.EA.B8.B0.ED.9B.84_.EA.B5.AC.EB.B6.84"></span>발생적 기후 구분</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 발생적 기후 구분"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8B%A8" title="기단">기단</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <p>기후 요소에 영향을 주는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8B%A8" title="기단">기단</a>의 분포를 중심으로 하는 발생적 기후 구분은 세 가지 기준을 통해 기단을 구분하고 있다. 첫 번째 기준은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EB%8F%84" title="습도">습도</a>로 건조한 대륙성 기단(c)과 윤습한 해양성 기단(m)으로 구분한다. 두 번째 기준은 기단의 발생 위치에 따른 온도로서 열대(T), 극권역(P), 극지(A), 몬순(M), 적도대(E), 그리고 건조 하강 기류와 같은 특이 기단(S)으로 나뉜다. 세 번째 기준은 기단의 상태에 따른 것으로 주변의 온도보다 낮을 경우 k를 높을 경우 w를 부여한다.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이러한 기단의 구분에 따른 기후는 1950년대부터 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%98%88%EB%B3%B4" title="일기예보">일기예보</a>에 도입되었으며 이후 1973년 기후 구분의 한 종류로 자리잡았다.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="경험적_기후_구분"><span id=".EA.B2.BD.ED.97.98.EC.A0.81_.EA.B8.B0.ED.9B.84_.EA.B5.AC.EB.B6.84"></span>경험적 기후 구분</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 경험적 기후 구분"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%BE%A8%ED%8E%9C%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EA%B5%AC%EB%B6%84" title="쾨펜의 기후 구분">쾨펜의 기후 구분</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:MonthlyMeanT.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/250px-MonthlyMeanT.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/375px-MonthlyMeanT.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/500px-MonthlyMeanT.gif 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>1961년 - 1990년의 매 월 평균 기온</figcaption></figure> <p>1918년 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%94%94%EB%AF%B8%EB%A5%B4_%EC%BE%A8%ED%8E%9C" title="블라디미르 쾨펜">블라디미르 쾨펜</a>이 발표한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BE%A8%ED%8E%9C%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EA%B5%AC%EB%B6%84" title="쾨펜의 기후 구분">쾨펜의 기후 구분</a>이 가장 널리 사용되고 있다. 쾨펜의 기후 구분은 월 및 연 평균 기온과 강수량을 변수로 하여 기후를 구분하는 방법으로 전 세계의 식생대 분포를 설명하기 위해 개발된 것이다.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이후 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC" title="독일">독일</a>의 기상학자 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A3%A8%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B4%EA%B1%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="루돌프 가이거 (없는 문서)">루돌프 가이거</a>가 1954년과 1961년에 쾨펜의 기후 구분을 수정하였다. 오늘날 일반적으로 쓰이는 쾨펜의 기후 구분은 가이거가 수정한 것이다.<sup id="cite_ref-크리스티안2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-크리스티안2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>세부적인 기준<sup id="cite_ref-윤일희_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-윤일희-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>에 따른 기후 구분은 다음과 같다.<sup id="cite_ref-EDWARD_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EDWARD-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:K%C3%B6ppen_classification_worldmap_gray.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/K%C3%B6ppen_classification_worldmap_gray.png/400px-K%C3%B6ppen_classification_worldmap_gray.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/K%C3%B6ppen_classification_worldmap_gray.png/600px-K%C3%B6ppen_classification_worldmap_gray.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/K%C3%B6ppen_classification_worldmap_gray.png/800px-K%C3%B6ppen_classification_worldmap_gray.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>쾨펜의 기후 구분</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"><b>기본 기후대</b> </td> <th>세부 기후대 </th> <th>표기 </th> <td colspan="2"><b>특징</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">A </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="열대 기후">열대 기후</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80_%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%BC_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="열대 우림 기후">열대 우림 기후</a></td> <td>Af</td> <td>건조기 없음 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80_%EB%AA%AC%EC%88%9C_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="열대 몬순 기후">열대 몬순 기후</a></td> <td>Am</td> <td>짧은 건조기 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%B0%94%EB%82%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="사바나 기후">사바나 기후</a></td> <td>Aw</td> <td>동계 건조 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80_%ED%95%98%EA%B3%84_%EC%86%8C%EC%9A%B0_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="열대 하계 소우 기후">열대 하계 소우 기후</a></td> <td>As</td> <td>하계 건조 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">B </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EC%A1%B0_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="건조 기후">건조 기후</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%89_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="사막 기후">사막 기후</a></td> <td>BWh</td> <td>온난 사막 </td></tr> <tr> <td>BWk</td> <td>한랭 사막 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9D_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="스텝 기후">스텝 기후</a></td> <td>BSh</td> <td>온난 스텝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>BSk</td> <td>한랭 스텝 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9">C </td> <td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%8C%80" title="온대">온대 기후</a> </td> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C_%EC%8A%B5%EC%9C%A4_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="온난 습윤 기후">온난 습윤 기후</a></td> <td>Cfa</td> <td>더운 여름, 건조기 없음 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%95%88_%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="서안 해양성 기후">서안 해양성 기후</a></td> <td>Cfb</td> <td>연중 온난, 건조기 없음, 따뜻한 여름 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cfc</td> <td>연중 온난, 건조기 없음, 서늘한 여름 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%8C%80_%ED%95%98%EC%9A%B0_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="온대 하우 기후">온대 하우 기후</a></td> <td>Cwa</td> <td>더운 여름, 짧은 겨울 건조기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cwb</td> <td>따뜻한 여름, 짧은 겨울 건조기 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cwc</td> <td>서늘한 여름, 짧은 겨울 건조기 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A4%91%ED%95%B4%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="지중해성 기후">지중해성 기후</a></td> <td>Csa</td> <td>건조하고 더운 여름 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Csb</td> <td>건조하고 따뜻한 여름 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Csc</td> <td>건조하고 서늘한 여름 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="12">D </td> <td rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="냉대 기후">냉대 기후</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EC%8A%B5%EC%9C%A4_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="냉대 습윤 기후">냉대 습윤 기후</a></td> <td>Dfa</td> <td>동계 한랭, 더운 여름, 건조기 없음 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dfb</td> <td>동계 한랭, 따뜻한 여름, 건조기 없음 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dfc</td> <td>동계 한랭, 선선한 여름, 건조기 없음 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dfd</td> <td>동계 한랭 극심, 선선한 여름, 건조기 없음 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EB%8F%99%EA%B3%84_%EC%86%8C%EC%9A%B0_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="냉대 동계 소우 기후">냉대 동계 소우 기후</a></td> <td>Dwa</td> <td>동계 한랭 건조, 더운 여름 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dwb</td> <td>동계 한랭 건조, 따뜻한 여름 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dwc</td> <td>동계 한랭 건조, 선선한 여름 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dwd</td> <td>동계 한랭 극심 건조, 선선한 여름 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A7%80_%EC%A7%80%EC%A4%91%ED%95%B4%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="고지 지중해성 기후">고지 지중해성 기후</a></td> <td>Dsa</td> <td>동계 한랭, 덥고 건조한 여름 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dsb</td> <td>동계 한랭, 따뜻하고 건조한 여름 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dsc</td> <td>동계 한랭, 선선하고 건조한 여름 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dsd</td> <td>동계 한랭 극심, 선선하고 건조한 여름 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">E </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="한대 기후">한대 기후</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="툰드라 기후">툰드라 기후</a></td> <td>ET</td> <td>여름이 없음 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%99%EC%84%A4_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="빙설 기후">빙설 기후</a></td> <td>EF</td> <td>영구 동토 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="기후_변화"><span id=".EA.B8.B0.ED.9B.84_.EB.B3.80.ED.99.94"></span>기후 변화</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 기후 변화"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화">기후 변화</a>입니다.</div> <p>기후 변화는 현재의 기후계가 자연적인 원인이나 인위적인 원인으로 인해 변화하는 것을 뜻한다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="지구온난화">지구온난화</a> 등을 방지하기 위한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%AC%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%AC_%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%95%EC%84%9C" title="몬트리올 의정서">몬트리올 의정서</a>와 같은 국제협정에서는 "직접적 또는 간접적으로 전체 대기의 성분을 바꾸는 인간 활동에 의한, 그리고 비교할 수 있는 시간동안 관찰된 자연적 기후 변동을 포함한 기후의 변화"로 정의하고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94%EC%97%90_%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C_%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9_%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%ED%98%91%EC%95%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화에 관한 국제 연합 기본 협약">기후 변화에 관한 국제 연합 기본 협약</a>은 인간의 활동에 의한 지구 온난화와는 달리 자연적인 원인에 의한 기후의 변화는 "기후 변이성"이라 구분하고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="인공기후"><span id=".EC.9D.B8.EA.B3.B5.EA.B8.B0.ED.9B.84"></span>인공기후</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 인공기후"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>가장 작은 인공기후는 건물 내의 냉·난방이다. 그러나 이것을 개개의 건물단위로 하지 않고 지역단위로 일괄하여 행하는 지역난방·지역냉방이 이미 실시되고 있고, 도시화 지역으로서 이 시설이 없는 곳은 없다. 대규모의 자연 기후 자체를 바꾸기 위하여 레닌그라드 지구(地球) 물리 중앙관측소 등에서는 북쪽의 자연개조를 연구하고 있다. 북극의 얼음을 녹이기 위하여 표면에 흑색물질(黑色物質)을 살포하거나 특수한 화학물질을 사용하는 안(案)이 있다. 또한 베링해협에 거대한 댐을 쌓아서 난수(暖水)를 끌어들일 것도 검토되고 있다. 이와 같은 자연개조에 있어서 인공기후는 그 결과 열 밸런스·습도순환(濕度循環)이 무너지거나 수위(水位)가 올라가거나 하여 그 파급적인 부작용의 측정이 어렵다.아무튼 후라가 제안한 거대한 돔이나 혹은 에어 커튼의 사용에 의해서 도시지역의 일부는 완전히 전천후식(全天候式)이 되어 개개의 냉·난방은 일정한 평균적 적온(平均的適溫)을 원하는 온습도(溫濕度)로 조절하기 위해서 쓰이게 된다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화">기후 변화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%94%94%EB%AF%B8%EB%A5%B4_%EC%BE%A8%ED%8E%9C" title="블라디미르 쾨펜">블라디미르 쾨펜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BE%A8%ED%8E%9C%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EA%B5%AC%EB%B6%84" title="쾨펜의 기후 구분">쾨펜의 기후 구분</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A3%A8%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B4%EA%B1%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="루돌프 가이거 (없는 문서)">루돌프 가이거</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A0%EC%94%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="날씨">날씨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="미기후">미기후</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=12" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>내용주</b> </p> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> 이 말에 따르면 1 후는 5 일, 1 기는 15 일, 1 시(계절)는 90일, 1 년은 360일이다. 그러나 이러한 설명은 대략적인 것으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC" title="진나라">진나라</a> 시기 실제 사용된 중국의 역법인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9A%B1%EB%A0%A5" title="전욱력">전욱력</a>은 24 절기의 주기를 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38586864">.mw-parser-output .texhtml{font-family:"Nimbus Roman No9 L","Times New Roman",Times,serif;white-space:nowrap;line-height:1;font-size:118%}</style><span class="texhtml"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38560322">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠365<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">4</span></span>⁠</span></span>(=365.25)일로 보았다.</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>참조주</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-교육부_쾨펜-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-교육부_쾨펜_1-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-교육부_쾨펜_1-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-교육부_쾨펜_1-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://if-blog.tistory.com/5101">기후는 어떻게 구분할까?</a>, 교육부</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=1400">기온추이</a>, 나라지표</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nims.go.kr/?sub_num=857">기후는 앞으로 어떻게 변화될 것인가?</a>, 국립기상과학원</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid=200703271815571&code=970100">“기후대 절반 사라질것”…온난화탓 100년안에</a>-경향닷컴 2007-03-27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-사이언스올-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-사이언스올_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scienceall.com/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EA%B3%84climate-system/">기후계</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220417102912/https://www.scienceall.com/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EA%B3%84climate-system/">Archived</a> 2022년 4월 17일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>, 사이언스올</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-이광호-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-이광호_6-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-이광호_6-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-이광호_6-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">이광호, 인간과 기후환경, 시스마프레스, 2004, 8쪽, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38117996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-5832-037-0" title="특수:책찾기/89-5832-037-0">89-5832-037-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ko.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E9%BB%83%E5%B8%9D%E5%85%A7%E7%B6%93/%E7%B4%A0%E5%95%8F%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%B7" class="extiw" title="s:zh:黃帝內經/素問第三卷">s:zh:黃帝內經/素問第三卷</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/climate">climate</a>, Etymology Online</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate.go.kr/home/02_information/01.html">기후란</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302213856/http://www.climate.go.kr/home/02_information/01.html#">Archived</a> 2010년 3월 2일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>, 기상청 기후변화정보센터</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">크리스티안 디트리히 쇤비제, 김종규 역, 기후학, 시그마프레스, 2006, 66쪽, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996" /><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-5832-203-9" title="특수:책찾기/89-5832-203-9">89-5832-203-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-크리스티안-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-크리스티안_12-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-크리스티안_12-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">크리스티안 디트리히 쇤비제, 김종규 역, 기후학, 시그마프레스, 2006, 44쪽, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996" /><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-5832-203-9" title="특수:책찾기/89-5832-203-9">89-5832-203-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate.go.kr/home/02_information/01_2.html">기후시스템</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305002256/http://www.climate.go.kr/home/02_information/01_2.html#">Archived</a> 2010년 3월 5일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>, 기상청 기후변화정보센터</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C Donald Ahrens, 민경덕 역, 대기환경과학, 시그마프레스, 2006, 298쪽, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996" /><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-5832-226-8" title="특수:책찾기/89-5832-226-8">89-5832-226-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">에드워드 노턴 로렌즈(1969), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eapsweb.mit.edu/research/Lorenz/Three_approaches_1969.pdf">기상예측에 대한 세가지 접근 방법</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930080619/http://eapsweb.mit.edu/research/Lorenz/Three_approaches_1969.pdf">Archived</a> 2011년 9월 30일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 50: 345–349.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">이승호, 기후학, 푸른길, 2007, 275쪽, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996" /><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-87691-82-9" title="특수:책찾기/89-87691-82-9">89-87691-82-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-크리스티안2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-크리스티안2_17-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-크리스티안2_17-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">크리스티안 디트리히 쇤비제, 김종규 역, 기후학, 시그마프레스, 2006, 312-313쪽, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996" /><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-5832-203-9" title="특수:책찾기/89-5832-203-9">89-5832-203-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?id=airmass-classification1">Airmass Classification</a>". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 2008-05-22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schwartz, M.D. (1995). "Detecting Structural Climate Change: An Air Mass-Based Approach in the North Central United States, 1958-1992". Annals of the Association of American Geographers 85 (3): 553–568. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1995.tb01812.x</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">윤일희 편역, 현대기후학, 시그마프레스, 2004, 261쪽, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996" /><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-5832-081-8" title="특수:책찾기/89-5832-081-8">89-5832-081-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-윤일희-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-윤일희_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">윤일희 편역, 현대기후학, 시그마프레스, 2004, 263쪽, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996" /><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-5832-081-8" title="특수:책찾기/89-5832-081-8">89-5832-081-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EDWARD-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EDWARD_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">EDWARD AGUADO 지음, 김경익 옮김, 생활 환경과 기상, 동화기술교역, 2005년, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996" /><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-425-1029-9" title="특수:책찾기/89-425-1029-9">89-425-1029-9</a>, 496쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">냉대 기후는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EC%9C%A4_%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="습윤 대륙성 기후">습윤 대륙성 기후</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EA%B7%B9_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="아극 기후">아극 기후</a>로 구분하기도 한다.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate.go.kr/home/02_information/02.html">기후변화란</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302213901/http://www.climate.go.kr/home/02_information/02.html#">Archived</a> 2010년 3월 2일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>, 기상청 기후변화정보센터</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/518.htm">Glossary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126132100/http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/518.htm">Archived</a> 2017년 1월 26일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>". Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2001-01-20. Retrieved 2008-05-22.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=13" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> 위키미디어 공용에 <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Climate?uselang=ko">기후</a></span> 관련 미디어 분류가 있습니다.</li></ul> <div><small><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/20px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/30px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/40px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Cc.logo.circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/20px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/30px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/40px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 이 문서에는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C" title="다음">다음커뮤니케이션</a>(현 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85)" title="카카오 (기업)">카카오</a>)에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="위키백과:GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a> 또는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="위키백과:Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">CC-SA</a> 라이선스로 배포한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C_%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%8C_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="위키백과:다음 글로벌 세계대백과사전">글로벌 세계대백과사전</a>의 "인공기후" 항목을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다.</small></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38501015">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Climat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119540674">프랑스</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Climat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119540674">BnF 데이터</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4031170-3">독일</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007283937805171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Climate"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85027036">미국</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565788">일본</a></span></li> <li><span 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href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=기후&oldid=37575498">https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=기후&oldid=37575498</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98" title="특수:분류">분류</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="분류:기후">기후</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="분류:지구물리학">지구물리학</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">숨은 분류: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%ED%95%B4%EA%B2%B0%EB%90%98%EC%A7%80_%EC%95%8A%EC%9D%80_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%B4_%EC%9E%88%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:해결되지 않은 속성이 있는 문서">해결되지 않은 속성이 있는 문서</a></li><li><a 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