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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phreatic" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:phreatic"> phreatic</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p><i><b>Phreatic</b></i> is a term used in <a href="/wiki/Hydrology" title="Hydrology">hydrology</a> to refer to aquifers, in <a href="/wiki/Speleology" title="Speleology">speleology</a> to refer to cave passages, and in <a href="/wiki/Volcanology" title="Volcanology">volcanology</a> to refer to a type of volcanic eruption. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Hydrology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Hydrology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Speleology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Speleology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Volcanology"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Volcanology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Biology"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Biology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Phreatic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hydrology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The term <b>phreatic</b> (the word originates from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">phrear</i></span>, <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">phreat-</i></span> meaning "well" or "spring") is used in hydrology and the <a href="/wiki/Earth_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth sciences">earth sciences</a> to refer to matters relating to groundwater (an <a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">aquifer</a>) below the <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">water table</a>. The term 'phreatic surface' indicates the location where the <a href="/wiki/Pore_water_pressure" title="Pore water pressure">pore water pressure</a> is under atmospheric conditions (i.e., the <a href="/wiki/Pressure_head" title="Pressure head">pressure head</a> is zero). This surface usually coincides with the <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">water table</a>. The slope of the phreatic surface is assumed to indicate the direction of groundwater movement in an <a href="/wiki/Unconfined_aquifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Unconfined aquifer">unconfined aquifer</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Phreatic_zone" title="Phreatic zone">phreatic zone</a>, below the phreatic surface where rock and soil are saturated with water, is the counterpart of the <a href="/wiki/Vadose_zone" title="Vadose zone">vadose zone</a>, or unsaturated zone, above. Unconfined <a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">aquifers</a> are also called phreatic aquifers because the phreatic surface provides their upper boundary. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Speleology">Speleology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Phreatic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Speleology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Speleogenesis" title="Speleogenesis">speleogenesis</a>, a division of speleology, 'phreatic action' forms <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">cave</a> passages by dissolving the limestone in all directions,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as opposed to '<a href="/wiki/Vadose" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadose">vadose</a> action', whereby a stream running in a cave passage erodes a trench in the floor.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It occurs when the passage is full of water, and therefore normally only when it is below the water table, and only if the water is not <a href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">saturated</a> with <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">calcium carbonate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Calcium_magnesium_carbonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium magnesium carbonate">calcium magnesium carbonate</a>. A cave passage formed in this way is characteristically circular or oval in cross-section as limestone is dissolved on all surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many cave passages are formed by a combination of phreatic action followed by vadose action. Such passages form a keyhole cross-section: a round-shaped section at the top and a rectangular trench at the bottom. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Volcanology">Volcanology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Phreatic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Volcanology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Phreatic_eruption" title="Phreatic eruption">Phreatic eruption</a></div> <p>A phreatic or steam-blast eruption occurs when magma heats ground or surface water. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Biology">Biology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Phreatic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Biology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Animals living within the phreatic zone of groundwater aquifers can be referred to as <b>phreatobites</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are usually <a href="/wiki/Isopod" class="mw-redirect" title="Isopod">isopod</a> or <a href="/wiki/Amphipod" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphipod">amphipod</a> crustaceans such as species of <i><a href="/wiki/Stygobromus" title="Stygobromus">Stygobromus</a></i>, though there is also a genus of snails (<i><a href="/wiki/Phreatodrobia" title="Phreatodrobia">Phreatodrobia</a></i>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Phreatobius" title="Phreatobius">Phreatobius</a></i> are a genus of <a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">catfish</a> living within flooded leaf litter. Alternative descriptions for such animals include <a href="/wiki/Stygobite" class="mw-redirect" title="Stygobite">stygobite</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Troglobite" class="mw-redirect" title="Troglobite">troglobite</a> or Interstitial animals, as they live in water <i>between</i> the particles of the flooded <a href="/wiki/Substrate_(biology)" title="Substrate (biology)">substrate</a>. They usually exhibit <a href="/wiki/Troglomorphism" title="Troglomorphism">troglomorphism</a>, with a loss of colour and eyesight, like the familiar <a href="/wiki/Blind_cavefish" class="mw-redirect" title="Blind cavefish">blind cavefish</a> which may also be referred to as 'phreatic fish'. </p><p>Such animals can often be found in <a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">wells</a>, where human pursuit of water has dug down into their habitat. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Phreatic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phreatic_zone" title="Phreatic zone">Phreatic zone</a> – Zone in an aquifer below the water table</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadose_zone" title="Vadose zone">Vadose zone</a> – Unsaturated aquifer above the water table</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_content" title="Water content">Water content</a> – Quantity of water contained in a material</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aquifers" title="Category:Aquifers">Category: Aquifer articles</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Phreatic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/geology/publications/state/nm/1987-117/sec7-1.htm">New Mexico: Bureau of Mines & Mining Bulletin 117 (Part I: Discussion of Deposits and Events)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uppercumberlandcaving.net/glossary.html">"Glossary of Cave-Related Terms"</a>. Upper Cumberland Grotto Home Cave<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Cave-Related+Terms&rft.pub=Upper+Cumberland+Grotto+Home+Cave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uppercumberlandcaving.net%2Fglossary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhreatic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_A._Webb_&_Stanley_Lithco2001" class="citation conference cs1">John A. Webb & Stanley Lithco (September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latrobe.edu.au/geosci/Downloads/pdfs/John%20Webb_Jan%2009/Groundwater/Webb%20&%20Lithco%202001.pdf"><i>Use of water chemistry to identify flow conduits in the porous Gambier Limestone, southeast Australia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 7th Conference on Limestone Hydrology and Fissured Media. France: Universite de Franche-Comte, Sciences & Techniques de l'Environnement. pp. 333–336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-905226-14-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-905226-14-5"><bdi>2-905226-14-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2010</span>. <q>Passages are usually narrow vertical fissures, but phreatic tubes, circular or oval in cross-section, are present in some caves...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Use+of+water+chemistry+to+identify+flow+conduits+in+the+porous+Gambier+Limestone%2C+southeast+Australia&rft.place=France&rft.pages=333-336&rft.pub=Universite+de+Franche-Comte%2C+Sciences+%26+Techniques+de+l%27Environnement&rft.date=2001-09&rft.isbn=2-905226-14-5&rft.au=John+A.+Webb+%26+Stanley+Lithco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latrobe.edu.au%2Fgeosci%2FDownloads%2Fpdfs%2FJohn%2520Webb_Jan%252009%2FGroundwater%2FWebb%2520%26%2520Lithco%25202001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhreatic" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speleogenesis.com/resources/glossary/glossary-by-letter-p/details/11/1762.html">"Glossary : Phreatobite"</a>. <i>Speleogenesis</i>. UIS Commission on Karst Hydrogeology and Speleogenesis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Speleogenesis&rft.atitle=Glossary+%3A+Phreatobite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspeleogenesis.com%2Fresources%2Fglossary%2Fglossary-by-letter-p%2Fdetails%2F11%2F1762.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhreatic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speleogenesis.com/component/fabrik/details/11/2316.html?Itemid=1187">"Glossary : Stygobite"</a>. <i>Speleogenesis</i>. UIS Commission on Karst Hydrogeology and Speleogenesis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Speleogenesis&rft.atitle=Glossary+%3A+Stygobite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspeleogenesis.com%2Fcomponent%2Ffabrik%2Fdetails%2F11%2F2316.html%3FItemid%3D1187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhreatic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Phreatic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-left plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Underground_water" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Underground water">Underground water</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p><br> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_tribal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Water_tribal.svg/30px-Water_tribal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 30px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Water_tribal.svg/30px-Water_tribal.svg.png" data-alt="Stub icon" data-width="30" data-height="30" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Water_tribal.svg/45px-Water_tribal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Water_tribal.svg/60px-Water_tribal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Hydrology" title="Hydrology">hydrology</a> article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phreatic&oldid=1244112680">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phreatic&oldid=1244112680</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Phreatic&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Paleorthid" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1725505947"> <span>Last edited on 5 September 2024, at 03:12</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreatisch" title="Phreatisch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phreatisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fre%C3%A1tico" title="Freático – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Freático" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="اشباعی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اشباعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phr%C3%A9atique" title="Phréatique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phréatique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fre%C3%A1tico" title="Freático – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Freático" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freatico" title="Freatico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Freatico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freatisch" title="Freatisch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Freatisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; 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