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href="/bsb/exodus/7.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><span class="versiontext"><a href="/niv/exodus/7.htm">New International Version</a></span><br />But I will harden Pharaoh&#8217s heart, and though I multiply my signs and wonders in Egypt,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/exodus/7.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />But I will make Pharaoh’s heart stubborn so I can multiply my miraculous signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/exodus/7.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/exodus/7.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I will multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/exodus/7.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/exodus/7.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/exodus/7.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, so that I may multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/exodus/7.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />&#8220But I will harden Pharaoh&#8217s heart that I may multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/exodus/7.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />“But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart that I may multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/exodus/7.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart with stiffness that I may multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/exodus/7.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />And I will make Pharaoh’s heart hard, and multiply My signs and My wonders (miracles) in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/exodus/7.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart and multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/exodus/7.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />But I will harden Pharaoh&#8217s heart and multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/exodus/7.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/exodus/7.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/exodus/7.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />But I will make Pharaoh stubborn. Even though I will do many miraculous signs and amazing things in Egypt,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/exodus/7.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />I'll harden Pharaoh's heart and I'll add more and more of my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/exodus/7.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />But I will harden Pharaoh?s heart, and though I will multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/exodus/7.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />But I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and although I will multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/exodus/7.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/exodus/7.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/exodus/7.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/exodus/7.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />And I harden the heart of Pharaoh, and have multiplied My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/exodus/7.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> 'And I harden the heart of Pharaoh, and have multiplied My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/exodus/7.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and I multiplied my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/exodus/7.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />But I shall harden his heart, and shall multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/exodus/7.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />But I will harden his heart, and I will multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/exodus/7.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />Yet I will make Pharaoh so headstrong that, despite the many signs and wonders that I work in the land of Egypt,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/exodus/7.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and I will multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/exodus/7.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/exodus/7.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And I shall harden the heart of Pharaoh and I shall multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/exodus/7.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/exodus/7.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And I will harden the heart of Pharao, and I will multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/exodus/7-3.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kVae3PiKqhs?start=1419" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/exodus/7.htm">God Commands Moses and Aaron</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">2</span>You are to speak all that I command you, and your brother Aaron is to tell Pharaoh to let the Israelites go out of his land. <span class="reftext">3</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/589.htm" title="589: wa·’ă·nî (Conj-w:: Pro-1cs) -- I. Contracted from 'anokiy; I.">But I</a> <a href="/hebrew/7185.htm" title="7185: ’aq·šeh (V-Hifil-Imperf-1cs) -- To be hard, severe or fierce. A primitive root; properly, to be dense, i.e. Tough or severe.">will harden</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/6547.htm" title="6547: par·‘ōh (N-proper-ms) -- A title of Eg. kings. Of Egyptian derivation; Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings.">Pharaoh’s</a> <a href="/hebrew/3820.htm" title="3820: lêḇ (N-msc) -- A form of lebab; the heart; also used very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything.">heart,</a> <a href="/hebrew/7235.htm" title="7235: wə·hir·bê·ṯî (Conj-w:: V-Hifil-ConjPerf-1cs) -- To be or become much, many or great. A primitive root; to increase.">and though I will multiply</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/226.htm" title="226: ’ō·ṯō·ṯay (N-cpc:: 1cs) -- A sign. Probably from 'uwth; a signal, as a flag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence, etc.">My signs</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: wə·’eṯ- (Conj-w:: DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/4159.htm" title="4159: mō·wp̄·ṯay (N-mpc:: 1cs) -- A wonder, sign, portent. Or mopheth; from yaphah in the sense of conspicuousness; a miracle; by implication, a token or omen.">and wonders</a> <a href="/hebrew/776.htm" title="776: bə·’e·reṣ (Prep-b:: N-fsc) -- Earth, land. From an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth.">in the land</a> <a href="/hebrew/4714.htm" title="4714: miṣ·rā·yim (N-proper-fs) -- A son of Ham, also his desc. and their country in N.W. Africa. Dual of matsowr; Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt.">of Egypt,</a> </span><span class="reftext">4</span>Pharaoh will not listen to you. Then I will lay My hand on Egypt, and by mighty acts of judgment I will bring the divisions of My people the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/romans/9-17.htm">Romans 9:17-18</a></span><br />For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.” / Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/2-30.htm">Deuteronomy 2:30</a></span><br />But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass through, for the LORD your God had made his spirit stubborn and his heart obstinate, that He might deliver him into your hand, as is the case this day.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/63-17.htm">Isaiah 63:17</a></span><br />Why, O LORD, do You make us stray from Your ways and harden our hearts from fearing You? Return, for the sake of Your servants, the tribes of Your heritage.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/joshua/11-20.htm">Joshua 11:20</a></span><br />For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts to engage Israel in battle, so that they would be set apart for destruction and would receive no mercy, being annihilated as the LORD had commanded Moses.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/john/12-40.htm">John 12:40</a></span><br />“He has blinded their eyes and hardened their hearts, so that they cannot see with their eyes, and understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_thessalonians/2-11.htm">2 Thessalonians 2:11-12</a></span><br />For this reason God will send them a powerful delusion so that they believe the lie, / in order that judgment may come upon all who have disbelieved the truth and delighted in wickedness.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/6-9.htm">Isaiah 6:9-10</a></span><br />And He replied: “Go and tell this people, ‘Be ever hearing, but never understanding; be ever seeing, but never perceiving.’ / Make the hearts of this people calloused; deafen their ears and close their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn and be healed.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/3-7.htm">Ezekiel 3:7</a></span><br />But the house of Israel will be unwilling to listen to you, since they are unwilling to listen to Me. For the whole house of Israel is hard-headed and hard-hearted.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/mark/4-11.htm">Mark 4:11-12</a></span><br />He replied, “The mystery of the kingdom of God has been given to you, but to those on the outside everything is expressed in parables, / so that, ‘they may be ever seeing but never perceiving, and ever hearing but never understanding; otherwise they might turn and be forgiven.’”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_corinthians/3-14.htm">2 Corinthians 3:14</a></span><br />But their minds were closed. For to this day the same veil remains at the reading of the old covenant. It has not been lifted, because only in Christ can it be removed.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/105-25.htm">Psalm 105:25</a></span><br />whose hearts He turned to hate His people, to conspire against His servants.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_samuel/6-6.htm">1 Samuel 6:6</a></span><br />Why harden your hearts as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened theirs? When He afflicted them, did they not send the people out so they could go on their way?<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/13-14.htm">Matthew 13:14-15</a></span><br />In them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled: ‘You will be ever hearing but never understanding; you will be ever seeing but never perceiving. / For this people’s heart has grown callous; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.’<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/28-26.htm">Acts 28:26-27</a></span><br />‘Go to this people and say, “You will be ever hearing but never understanding; you will be ever seeing but never perceiving.” / For this people’s heart has grown callous; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.’<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/proverbs/28-14.htm">Proverbs 28:14</a></span><br />Blessed is the man who is always reverent, but he who hardens his heart falls into trouble.</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.</p><p class="hdg">And I</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/4-21.htm">Exodus 4:21,29</a></b></br> And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go… </p><p class="hdg">multiply</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/4-7.htm">Exodus 4:7</a></b></br> And he said, Put thine hand into thy bosom again. And he put his hand into his bosom again; and plucked it out of his bosom, and, behold, it was turned again as his <i>other</i> flesh.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/9-16.htm">Exodus 9:16</a></b></br> And in very deed for this <i>cause</i> have I raised thee up, for to shew <i>in</i> thee my power; and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/11-9.htm">Exodus 11:9</a></b></br> And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you; that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/exodus/6-29.htm">Egypt</a> <a href="/exodus/6-9.htm">Hard</a> <a href="/exodus/4-21.htm">Harden</a> <a href="/exodus/4-21.htm">Heart</a> <a href="/exodus/1-20.htm">Increased</a> <a href="/exodus/4-28.htm">Miraculous</a> <a href="/exodus/1-20.htm">Multiplied</a> <a href="/exodus/1-20.htm">Multiply</a> <a href="/exodus/7-2.htm">Pharaoh</a> <a href="/exodus/5-21.htm">Pharaoh's</a> <a href="/revelation/22-12.htm">Render</a> <a href="/exodus/4-30.htm">Signs</a> <a href="/exodus/4-21.htm">Wonders</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/exodus/7-4.htm">Egypt</a> <a href="/exodus/7-13.htm">Hard</a> <a href="/exodus/14-4.htm">Harden</a> <a href="/exodus/7-13.htm">Heart</a> <a href="/exodus/11-9.htm">Increased</a> <a href="/exodus/8-23.htm">Miraculous</a> <a href="/exodus/11-9.htm">Multiplied</a> <a href="/exodus/11-9.htm">Multiply</a> <a href="/exodus/7-4.htm">Pharaoh</a> <a href="/exodus/7-13.htm">Pharaoh's</a> <a href="/leviticus/11-43.htm">Render</a> <a href="/exodus/10-1.htm">Signs</a> <a href="/exodus/10-2.htm">Wonders</a><div class="vheading2">Exodus 7</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/7-1.htm">Moses and Aaron are encouraged to go again to Pharaoh</a></span><br><span class="reftext">8. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/7-8.htm">Aaron's rod is turned into a serpent</a></span><br><span class="reftext">11. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/7-11.htm">The sorcerers do the like; but their rods are swallowed up by Aaron's</a></span><br><span class="reftext">13. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/7-13.htm">Pharaoh's heart is hardened</a></span><br><span class="reftext">14. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/7-14.htm">God's message to Pharaoh</a></span><br><span class="reftext">19. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/7-19.htm">The river is turned into blood; and the consequent distress of the Egyptians</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/exodus/7.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/exodus/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/exodus/7.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart</b><br>This phrase indicates God's sovereign will in the events that unfold in Egypt. The hardening of Pharaoh's heart is a recurring theme in Exodus, emphasizing God's control over human affairs. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the heart was seen as the center of decision-making and will. The hardening can be understood as God allowing Pharaoh to persist in his own stubbornness, which serves to demonstrate God's power and glory. This concept is echoed in <a href="/romans/9-17.htm">Romans 9:17-18</a>, where Paul discusses God's sovereignty in showing mercy and hardening whom He wills. The hardening of Pharaoh's heart also sets the stage for the plagues, which are both judgments against Egypt's gods and a demonstration of God's supremacy.<p><b>and though I will multiply My signs and wonders</b><br>The signs and wonders refer to the ten plagues that God brings upon Egypt. These acts are not only judgments but also serve as a revelation of God's power and authority over creation. Each plague challenges the authority of the Egyptian gods, such as the Nile turning to blood opposing Hapi, the god of the Nile. The multiplication of signs and wonders is a fulfillment of God's promise to Moses in <a href="/exodus/3-20.htm">Exodus 3:20</a>, where He assures Moses that He will stretch out His hand and strike Egypt with all His wonders. This phrase also foreshadows the miracles of Jesus in the New Testament, where signs and wonders are used to authenticate His divine mission and authority.<p><b>in the land of Egypt</b><br>Egypt, a powerful and influential nation in the ancient world, serves as the backdrop for God's demonstration of power. The land of Egypt is significant as it represents a place of bondage for the Israelites, and God's deliverance from Egypt becomes a central theme in Israel's identity and faith. The geographical setting underscores the historical reality of the Exodus narrative, with archaeological evidence supporting the existence of a powerful Egyptian empire during this period. The plagues and the eventual Exodus are pivotal events that shape the narrative of the Old Testament, symbolizing God's deliverance and faithfulness to His covenant people. The land of Egypt also serves as a type of the world or sin, from which believers are delivered through Christ, as seen in the New Testament.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/p/pharaoh.htm">Pharaoh</a></b><br>The ruler of Egypt, whose heart God declares He will harden. Pharaoh represents the opposition to God's will and the oppression of God's people.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/m/moses.htm">Moses</a></b><br>God's chosen leader to deliver the Israelites from Egyptian bondage. He is the one through whom God communicates His will and performs signs and wonders.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/e/egypt.htm">Egypt</a></b><br>The land where the Israelites are enslaved. It serves as the backdrop for God's demonstration of power and judgment.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/s/signs_and_wonders.htm">Signs and Wonders</a></b><br>Miraculous acts performed by God through Moses and Aaron to demonstrate His power and authority over Egypt and its gods.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/g/god.htm">God (Yahweh)</a></b><br>The sovereign Lord who declares His intention to harden Pharaoh's heart, showcasing His ultimate control over human affairs and His plan for redemption.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty.htm">God's Sovereignty</a></b><br>God is in control of all events, including the hearts of rulers. His plans are not thwarted by human resistance.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/p/purpose_in_hardening.htm">Purpose in Hardening</a></b><br>The hardening of Pharaoh's heart serves a divine purpose, allowing God to display His power and deliver His people. It reminds us that God's ways are higher than ours.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/h/human_responsibility.htm">Human Responsibility</a></b><br>While God hardens hearts, individuals are still responsible for their actions. Pharaoh's repeated refusals show a willful rejection of God's commands.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/s/signs_and_wonders_as_revelation.htm">Signs and Wonders as Revelation</a></b><br>Miracles serve to reveal God's character and authority. They are not just for spectacle but to lead people to acknowledge Him.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/trust_in_god's_plan.htm">Trust in God's Plan</a></b><br>Even when circumstances seem dire, believers can trust that God is working for His glory and our good, just as He did in Egypt.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_exodus_7.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Exodus 7</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/bible's_view_on_signs_and_wonders.htm">What does the Bible say about signs and wonders?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_does_god_harden_hearts.htm">Why does God cause people's hearts to harden?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_does_god_harden_hearts_yet_judge.htm">Exodus 7:3–4: How can a loving God harden a person’s heart and still hold them accountable? </a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what_does_the_bible_say_on_swearing.htm">Why does God cause people's hearts to harden?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/exodus/7.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(3) <span class= "bld">I will harden Pharaoh's heart.</span>--See the comment on <a href="/exodus/4-21.htm" title="And the LORD said to Moses, When you go to return into Egypt, see that you do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in your hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.">Exodus 4:21</a>.<p><span class= "bld">My signs and my wonders.</span>--"Signs" (<span class= "ital">'othoth</span>) were miracles done as credentials, to prove a mission (<a href="/context/exodus/4-8.htm" title="And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe you, neither listen to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign.">Exodus 4:8-9</a>; <a href="/exodus/4-30.htm" title="And Aaron spoke all the words which the LORD had spoken to Moses, and did the signs in the sight of the people.">Exodus 4:30</a>). "Wonders" (<span class= "ital">mophoth</span>) were miracles generally; <span class= "ital">niphle'oth,</span> also translated" wonders" (<a href="/exodus/3-20.htm" title="And I will stretch out my hand, and smite Egypt with all my wonders which I will do in the middle thereof: and after that he will let you go.">Exodus 3:20</a>), were miracles, wrought in the way of punishment. These last are called also <span class= "ital">shophetiin, "</span>judgments." (See <a href="/exodus/7-4.htm" title="But Pharaoh shall not listen to you, that I may lay my hand on Egypt, and bring forth my armies, and my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments.">Exodus 7:4</a>.) . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/exodus/7.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 3.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">I will harden Pharaoh's heart</span>. See the comment on Exodus 4:21. <span class="cmt_word">And multiply my signs and my wonders</span>. The idea of a long series of miracles is here, for the first time, distinctly introduced. Three signs had been given (<a href="/exodus/4-3.htm">Exodus 4:3-9</a>); one further miracle had been mentioned (<span class="accented">ib</span>. 23). Now a <span class="accented">multiplication</span> of signs and wonders is promised. Compare <a href="/exodus/3-20.htm">Exodus 3:20</a>, and <a href="/exodus/6-6.htm">Exodus 6:6</a>, which, however, are not so explicit as the present passage. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/exodus/7-3.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">But I</span><br /><span class="heb">וַאֲנִ֥י</span> <span class="translit">(wa·’ă·nî)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - first person common singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_589.htm">Strong's 589: </a> </span><span class="str2">I</span><br /><br /><span class="word">will harden</span><br /><span class="heb">אַקְשֶׁ֖ה</span> <span class="translit">(’aq·šeh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7185.htm">Strong's 7185: </a> </span><span class="str2">To be hard, severe or fierce</span><br /><br /><span class="word">Pharaoh’s</span><br /><span class="heb">פַּרְעֹ֑ה</span> <span class="translit">(par·‘ōh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6547.htm">Strong's 6547: </a> </span><span class="str2">Pharaoh -- a title of Egypt kings</span><br /><br /><span class="word">heart,</span><br /><span class="heb">לֵ֣ב</span> <span class="translit">(lêḇ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3820.htm">Strong's 3820: </a> </span><span class="str2">The heart, the feelings, the will, the intellect, centre</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and though I will multiply</span><br /><span class="heb">וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֧י</span> <span class="translit">(wə·hir·bê·ṯî)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7235.htm">Strong's 7235: </a> </span><span class="str2">To be or become much, many or great</span><br /><br /><span class="word">My signs</span><br /><span class="heb">אֹתֹתַ֛י</span> <span class="translit">(’ō·ṯō·ṯay)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - common plural construct | first person common singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_226.htm">Strong's 226: </a> </span><span class="str2">A signal, as a, flag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and wonders</span><br /><span class="heb">מוֹפְתַ֖י</span> <span class="translit">(mō·wp̄·ṯay)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4159.htm">Strong's 4159: </a> </span><span class="str2">A miracle, a token, omen</span><br /><br /><span class="word">in the land</span><br /><span class="heb">בְּאֶ֥רֶץ</span> <span class="translit">(bə·’e·reṣ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_776.htm">Strong's 776: </a> </span><span class="str2">Earth, land</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of Egypt,</span><br /><span class="heb">מִצְרָֽיִם׃</span> <span class="translit">(miṣ·rā·yim)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4714.htm">Strong's 4714: </a> </span><span class="str2">Egypt -- a son of Ham, also his descendants and their country in Northwest Africa</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/exodus/7-3.htm">Exodus 7:3 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/exodus/7-3.htm">Exodus 7:3 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/exodus/7-3.htm">Exodus 7:3 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/exodus/7-3.htm">Exodus 7:3 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/exodus/7-3.htm">Exodus 7:3 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/exodus/7-3.htm">Exodus 7:3 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/exodus/7-3.htm">Exodus 7:3 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/exodus/7-3.htm">Exodus 7:3 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/exodus/7-3.htm">Exodus 7:3 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/exodus/7-3.htm">Exodus 7:3 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/exodus/7-3.htm">OT Law: Exodus 7:3 I will harden Pharaoh's heart and multiply (Exo. Ex) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/exodus/7-2.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Exodus 7:2"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Exodus 7:2" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/exodus/7-4.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Exodus 7:4"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Exodus 7:4" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>