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id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Simurgh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="سيمرغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيمرغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurq" title="Simurq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Simurq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D2%93%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Сәмреғош – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сәмреғош" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Симург – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Симург" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurgh" title="Simurgh – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Simurgh" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Семрук – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Семрук" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simorq" title="Simorq – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Simorq" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADmurg" title="Símurg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Símurg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simorgh_(Mythologie)" title="Simorgh (Mythologie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Simorgh (Mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurg" title="Simurg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Simurg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurgo" title="Simurgo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Simurgo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="سیمرغ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیمرغ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simorgh_(mythologie)" title="Simorgh (mythologie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Simorgh (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurg" title="Simurg – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Simurg" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AC%B4%EB%A5%B4%EA%B7%B8" title="시무르그 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시무르그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Սիմուրգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիմուրգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC" title="सीमुर्ग़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सीमुर्ग़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurg" title="Simurg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Simurg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="סימורג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סימורג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Самұрық құсы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Самұрық құсы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teyr%C3%AA_S%C3%AEmir" title="Teyrê Sîmir – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Teyrê Sîmir" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurgus" title="Simurgus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Simurgus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurgas" title="Simurgas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Simurgas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Симург – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Симург" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurgh" title="Simurgh – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Simurgh" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B0" title="シームルグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シームルグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurgh" title="Simurgh – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Simurgh" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semurg%CA%BB" title="Semurgʻ – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Semurgʻ" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC" title="ਸੀਮੁਰਗ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੀਮੁਰਗ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurg" title="Simurg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Simurg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurgue" title="Simurgue – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Simurgue" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Симург – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Симург" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurgh" title="Simurgh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Simurgh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="سيمرغ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سيمرغ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Симург – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Симург" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurgh" title="Simurgh – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Simurgh" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Сәмруг кош – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сәмруг кош" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D2%93" title="Симурғ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Симурғ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simurg" title="Simurg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Simurg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Сімург – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сімург" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="سیمرغ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیمرغ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simur%C4%9F" title="Simurğ – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Simurğ" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%91%A9%E6%A0%BC" title="西摩格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西摩格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q548119#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Simorgh_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Simorgh (disambiguation)">Simorgh (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Simurgh</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Senmurv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Senmurv.svg/220px-Senmurv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Senmurv.svg/330px-Senmurv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Senmurv.svg/440px-Senmurv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption">Simurgh as the royal emblem of the <a href="/wiki/Sassanian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanian Empire">Sassanian Empire</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Grouping</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Mythical creature</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Folklore</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">Persian mythology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Iran">Ancient Iran</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>simurgh</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سیمرغ</span>, also spelled <i>senmurv, simorgh, simorg</i>, <i>simurg</i>, <i>simoorg, simorq</i> or <i>simourv</i>) is a benevolent bird in <a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">Persian mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">literature</a>. It bears some similarities with <a href="/wiki/Mythological" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythological">mythological</a> birds from different origins, such as the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">phoenix</a> (Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ققنوس</span> <i>quqnūs</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Huma_bird" title="Huma bird">humā</a> (Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">هما</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The figure can be found in all periods of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Iranian</a> art and literature and is also evident in the iconography of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Armenia" title="Medieval Armenia">medieval Armenia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other regions that were within the realm of Persian cultural influence. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simurgh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> word <i>sīmurğ</i> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:سیمرغ">سیمرغ</a></span></span>) derives from <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a> <i>sēnmurw</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (and earlier <i>sēnmuruγ</i>), also attested in <a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a> texts as <i>sīna-mrū</i>. The Middle Persian word comes from <a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a> <span title="Avestan-language romanization"><i lang="ae-Latn">mərəγō Saēnō</i></span> "the bird Saēna", originally a raptor, likely an <a href="/wiki/Eagle" title="Eagle">eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falcon" title="Falcon">falcon</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sparrowhawk" title="Sparrowhawk">sparrowhawk</a>, as can be deduced from the etymological cognate <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <i>śyenaḥ</i> (श्येनः) "raptor, eagle, <a href="/wiki/Bird_of_prey" title="Bird of prey">bird of prey</a>", which also appears as a divine figure.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Saēna</i> is also a personal name. The word was lent to Armenian as <i>siramarg</i> (<span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%BD%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3#Old_Armenian" class="extiw" title="wikt:սիրամարգ">սիրամարգ</a></span></span>) '<a href="/wiki/Peacock" class="mw-redirect" title="Peacock">peacock</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, the phrase <i>sī murğ</i> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سی مرغ</span></span>) means "thirty birds" in Persian; this has been used by <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar of Nishapur</a> in his symbolic story of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conference_of_the_Birds" title="The Conference of the Birds">The Conference of the Birds</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Frame_story" title="Frame story">frame story</a> of which employs a play on the name.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simurgh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sassanid_silver_plate_by_Nickmard_Khoey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sassanid_silver_plate_by_Nickmard_Khoey.jpg/220px-Sassanid_silver_plate_by_Nickmard_Khoey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sassanid_silver_plate_by_Nickmard_Khoey.jpg/330px-Sassanid_silver_plate_by_Nickmard_Khoey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sassanid_silver_plate_by_Nickmard_Khoey.jpg/440px-Sassanid_silver_plate_by_Nickmard_Khoey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sassanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanian">Sassanian</a> silver plate of a simurgh (Sēnmurw), 7th or 8th century CE</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_(Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst),_Berlin_(parallax).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin_%28parallax%29.jpg/220px-Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin_%28parallax%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin_%28parallax%29.jpg/330px-Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin_%28parallax%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin_%28parallax%29.jpg/440px-Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin_%28parallax%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="3463" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Samanid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanid dynasty">Samanian</a> Simurgh platter" (9th-10th century). Simurgh as a word in <a href="/wiki/Farsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Farsi">Persian</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Double_entendre" title="Double entendre">double entendre</a> (or <a href="/wiki/%C4%AAh%C4%81m" title="Īhām">Īhām</a>), and can be interpreted as 30 birds. This plate depicts that interpretation. <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar of Nishapur</a> also mentions this interpretation in his poetic book of <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_the_Birds" class="mw-redirect" title="Conference of the Birds">Conference of the Birds</a></figcaption></figure><p>. </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delegate_with_Simurgh_design_on_his_dress_in_the_Afrasiab_murals_648-651_CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Delegate_with_Simurgh_design_on_his_dress_in_the_Afrasiab_murals_648-651_CE.jpg/220px-Delegate_with_Simurgh_design_on_his_dress_in_the_Afrasiab_murals_648-651_CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Delegate_with_Simurgh_design_on_his_dress_in_the_Afrasiab_murals_648-651_CE.jpg/330px-Delegate_with_Simurgh_design_on_his_dress_in_the_Afrasiab_murals_648-651_CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Delegate_with_Simurgh_design_on_his_dress_in_the_Afrasiab_murals_648-651_CE.jpg/440px-Delegate_with_Simurgh_design_on_his_dress_in_the_Afrasiab_murals_648-651_CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="1339" /></a><figcaption>Ambassador with Simurgh design on his dress in the <a href="/wiki/Afrasiab_murals" title="Afrasiab murals">Afrasiab murals</a>, 648–651 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Form_and_function">Form and function</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simurgh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Form and function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Simurgh" title="Special:EditPage/Simurgh">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Simurgh is depicted in <a href="/wiki/Iranian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian art">Iranian art</a> as a winged creature in the shape of a bird, gigantic enough to carry off an elephant or a whale. It appears as a peacock with the head of a dog and the claws of a lion – sometimes, however, also with a human face. The Simurgh is inherently benevolent.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being part mammal, they suckle their young.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Simurgh has an enmity towards snakes, and its natural habitat is a place with plenty of water.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its feathers are said to be the colour of copper in some versions, and though it was originally described as being a dog-bird, later it was shown with either the head of a man or a dog.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"<i>Si-</i>", the first element in the name, has been connected in <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a> to Modern Persian <i>si</i> ("thirty"). Although this prefix is not historically related to the origin of the name <i>simurgh</i>, "thirty" has nonetheless been the basis for legends incorporating that number – for instance, that the simurgh was as large as thirty birds or had thirty colours (<i>siræng</i>). Other suggested etymologies include Pahlavi <i>sin murgh</i> ("eagle bird") and Avestan <i>saeno merego</i> ("eagle").<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iranian legends consider the bird so old that it had seen the destruction of the world three times over. The simurgh learned so much by living so long that it is thought to possess the knowledge of all the ages. In one legend, the simurgh was said to live 1,700 years before plunging itself into flames (much like the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">phoenix</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The simurgh was considered to purify the land and waters and hence bestow fertility. The creature represented the union between the Earth and the sky, serving as mediator and messenger between the two. The simurgh roosted in <a href="/wiki/Gaokerena" title="Gaokerena">Gaokerena</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Haoma" title="Haoma">Hōm</a> (Avestan: Haoma) Tree of Life, which stands in the middle of the world sea (<a href="/wiki/Vourukasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vourukasha">Vourukasha</a>). The plant is potent medicine and is called all-healing, and the seeds of all plants are deposited on it. When the simurgh took flight, the leaves of the tree of life shook, making all the seeds of every plant fall out. These seeds floated around the world on the winds of <a href="/wiki/Vayu-Vata" title="Vayu-Vata">Vayu-Vata</a> and the rains of <a href="/wiki/Tishtrya" title="Tishtrya">Tishtrya</a>, in cosmology taking root to become every type of plant that ever lived and curing all the illnesses of mankind. </p><p>The relationship between the simurgh and Hōm is extremely close. Like the simurgh, Hōm is represented as a bird, a messenger, and the essence of purity that can heal any illness or wound. Hōm – appointed as the first priest – is the essence of divinity, a property it shares with the simurgh. The Hōm is in addition the vehicle of <i>farr(ah)</i> (MP: <i>khwarrah</i>, Avestan: <i><a href="/wiki/Khvarenah" title="Khvarenah">khvarenah</a></i>, <i>kavaēm kharēno</i>) ("divine glory" or "fortune"). <i>Farrah</i> in turn represents the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Right_of_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Right of Kings">divine mandate</a> that was the foundation of a king's authority. </p><p>It appears as a bird resting on the head or shoulder of would-be kings and clerics, indicating <a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ormuzd's</a> acceptance of that individual as his divine representative on Earth. For the commoner, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahr%C4%81m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahrām (page does not exist)">Bahram</a> wraps fortune/glory "around the house of the worshipper, for wealth in cattle, like the great bird Saena, and as the watery clouds cover the great mountains" (<i><a href="/wiki/Yasht" title="Yasht">Yasht</a></i> 14.41, cf. the rains of Tishtrya above). Like the simurgh, <i>farrah</i> is also associated with the waters of <i>Vourukasha</i> (<i>Yasht</i> 19.51, 56–57). In Yašt 12.17 Simorgh's (Saēna's) tree stands in the middle of the sea Vourukaša, it has good and potent medicine and is called all-healing, and the seeds of all plants are deposited on it. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SchoolOfTabriz3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/SchoolOfTabriz3.jpg/170px-SchoolOfTabriz3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/SchoolOfTabriz3.jpg/255px-SchoolOfTabriz3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/SchoolOfTabriz3.jpg/340px-SchoolOfTabriz3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>Zal and the Simurgh on the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Qaf" title="Mount Qaf">Mount Qaf</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_Shahnameh">In the <i>Shahnameh</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simurgh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In the Shahnameh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The simurgh made its most famous appearance in <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a>'s epic <i><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a></i> (Book of Kings), where its involvement with Prince <a href="/wiki/Zal" class="mw-redirect" title="Zal">Zal</a> is described. According to the <i>Shahnameh</i>, <a href="/wiki/Zal" class="mw-redirect" title="Zal">Zal</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Saam" class="mw-redirect" title="Saam">Saam</a>, was born albino. When Saam saw his albino son, he assumed that the child was the spawn of devils, and abandoned the infant on the mountain <i><a href="/wiki/Hara_Berezaiti" title="Hara Berezaiti">Alborz</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The child's cries were heard by the tender-hearted simurgh, who lived atop this peak, and she retrieved the child and raised him as her own. Zal was taught much wisdom from the loving simurgh, who has all knowledge, but the time came when he grew into a man and yearned to rejoin the world of men. Though the simurgh was terribly saddened, she gave him three golden feathers which he was to burn if he ever needed her assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahmasp-Shahnamah-fol63v-LTS1995_2_46alt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tahmasp-Shahnamah-fol63v-LTS1995_2_46alt.jpg/220px-Tahmasp-Shahnamah-fol63v-LTS1995_2_46alt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tahmasp-Shahnamah-fol63v-LTS1995_2_46alt.jpg/330px-Tahmasp-Shahnamah-fol63v-LTS1995_2_46alt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tahmasp-Shahnamah-fol63v-LTS1995_2_46alt.jpg/440px-Tahmasp-Shahnamah-fol63v-LTS1995_2_46alt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Simurgh returning to nest to Zal and its chicks (detail).<br /> <div style="float:right;"><span style="font-size:85%;">—"Zal is Sighted by a Caravan" (<i><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh_of_Shah_Tahmasp" title="Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp">Tahmasp Shahnamah</a></i>, fol. 62v), Sackler Gallery LTS1995.2.46</span></div></figcaption></figure> <p>Upon returning to his kingdom, Zal fell in love and married the beautiful <a href="/wiki/Rudaba" title="Rudaba">Rudaba</a>. When it came time for their son to be born, the labor was prolonged and terrible; Zal was certain that his wife would die in labour. Rudaba was near death when Zal decided to summon the simurgh. The simurgh appeared and instructed him upon how to perform a <a href="/wiki/Cesarean_section" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesarean section">cesarean section</a> thus saving Rudaba and the child, who became one of the greatest Persian heroes, <a href="/wiki/Rostam" title="Rostam">Rostam</a>. </p><p>Simurgh also shows up in the story of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Trials_of_Esfandiyar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seven Trials of Esfandiyar (page does not exist)">Seven Trials of Esfandiyar</a> in the latter's 5th labor. After killing the wicked enchantress, <a href="/wiki/Esfandiyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Esfandiyar">Esfandiyar</a> fights a simurgh, and despite the simurgh's many powers, Esfandiyar strikes it in the neck, <a href="/wiki/Decapitating" class="mw-redirect" title="Decapitating">decapitating</a> it. The simurgh's offspring then rise to fight Esfandiyar, but they, too, are slain.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Persian_Sufi_poetry">In Persian Sufi poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simurgh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In Persian Sufi poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_assembly_of_animals_and_birds_-_Johnson_Collection_(c.1610)_-_BL_J.67.4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/An_assembly_of_animals_and_birds_-_Johnson_Collection_%28c.1610%29_-_BL_J.67.4.jpg/170px-An_assembly_of_animals_and_birds_-_Johnson_Collection_%28c.1610%29_-_BL_J.67.4.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/An_assembly_of_animals_and_birds_-_Johnson_Collection_%28c.1610%29_-_BL_J.67.4.jpg/255px-An_assembly_of_animals_and_birds_-_Johnson_Collection_%28c.1610%29_-_BL_J.67.4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/An_assembly_of_animals_and_birds_-_Johnson_Collection_%28c.1610%29_-_BL_J.67.4.jpg/340px-An_assembly_of_animals_and_birds_-_Johnson_Collection_%28c.1610%29_-_BL_J.67.4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption>Simurgh from the works of <a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar of Nishapur</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In classical and modern Persian literature the simorḡ is frequently mentioned, particularly as a metaphor for God in <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi mysticism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 12th century <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conference_of_the_Birds" title="The Conference of the Birds">Conference of the Birds</a></i>, Iranian Sufi poet <a href="/wiki/Attar_Neyshapuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Attar Neyshapuri">Farid ud-Din Attar</a> wrote of a band of pilgrim birds in search of the simurgh. In the poem, the birds of the world gather to decide who is to be their king, as they have none. The <a href="/wiki/Hoopoe" title="Hoopoe">hoopoe</a>, the wisest of them all, suggests that they should find the legendary simorgh, a mythical Persian bird roughly equivalent to the western <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">phoenix</a>. The hoopoe leads the birds, each of whom represent a human fault which prevents man from attaining enlightenment. When the group of thirty birds finally reach the dwelling place of the simorgh, all they find is a lake in which they see their own reflection. This scene employs a pun on the Persian expression for "thirty birds" (<i>si morgh</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phrase also appears three times in Rumi's <a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi">Masnavi</a>, e.g. in Book VI, Story IX: "The nest of the <i>sī murğ</i> is beyond <a href="/wiki/Mount_Qaf" title="Mount Qaf">Mount Qaf</a>" (as translated by E.H. Whinfield).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through heavy Persian influence, the simurgh was introduced to the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>-speaking world, where the concept was conflated with other Arabic mythical birds such as the <a href="/wiki/Ghoghnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghoghnus">ghoghnus</a>, a bird having some mythical relation with the <a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">date palm</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and further developed as the <i>rukh</i> (the origin of the English word "<a href="/wiki/Roc_(mythology)" title="Roc (mythology)">roc</a>"). Representations of simurgh were adopted in early <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> art and coinage.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Kurdish_folklore">In Kurdish folklore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simurgh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In Kurdish folklore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Simurgh is shortened to "sīmir" in the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scholar <a href="/wiki/Kamilla_Trever" title="Kamilla Trever">C. V. Trever</a> quotes two Kurdish folktales about the bird.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These versions go back to the common stock of Iranian simorḡ stories.<sup id="cite_ref-Iranica_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iranica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one of the folk tales, a hero rescues simurgh's offspring by killing a snake that was crawling up the tree to feed upon them. As a reward, the simurgh gives him three of her feathers which the hero can use to call for her help by burning them. Later, the hero uses the feathers, and the simurgh carries him to a distant land. In the other tale, the simurgh carries the hero out of the netherworld; here the simurgh feeds its young with its teats, a trait which agrees with the description of the simurgh in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a> book of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zadspram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zadspram (page does not exist)">Zadspram</a>. In another tale, simurgh feeds the hero on the journey while the hero feeds simurgh with pieces of sheep's fat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simurgh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Bierce" title="Ambrose Bierce">Ambrose Bierce</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Dictionary" title="The Devil's Dictionary">The Devil's Dictionary</a></i> (1906) characterizes the Simurgh as "omnipotent on condition that it do nothing" and likens it to the role of the <a href="/wiki/Hoi_polloi" title="Hoi polloi">rabble</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The title of <a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a>'s first novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Grimus" title="Grimus">Grimus</a></i> (1975), is an anagram of Simurg.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Simurgh is the name of a proxy tool introduced in 2009 that helps residents of Iran avoid <a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Iran" title="Internet censorship in Iran">government censorship of websites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Simorgh" title="Crystal Simorgh">Crystal Simorgh</a> is an award given by <a href="/wiki/Fajr_International_Film_Festival" title="Fajr International Film Festival">Fajr International Film Festival</a>.</li> <li>The Simorgh is one of the creatures encountered by the protagonists in the 2006 movie <a href="/wiki/Azur_%26_Asmar:_The_Princes%27_Quest" title="Azur & Asmar: The Princes' Quest">Azur & Asmar: The Princes' Quest</a>.</li> <li>The Simurgh is the name of one of the Endbringers in the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Worm_(web_serial)" title="Worm (web serial)">Worm (web serial)</a>.</li> <li>In the Yugioh card game, Simorgh is the boss monster of its own archetype.</li> <li>A Simurgh card from a fictional collectible card game serves as a major plot device in the sci-fi novel <i>Entanglement</i>, by Gibson Monk.</li> <li>A simurgh appeared in chapter 49 of the manga <a href="/wiki/Delicious_in_Dungeon" title="Delicious in Dungeon">Delicious in Dungeon</a> as Laois contemplates various bird-like monsters. It is shown large enough to hold an elephant in its talons.</li> <li>The Simurgh is featured in Prince of Persia: The Lost Crown, a 2024 video game in which it indirectly grants the player character various time-manipulation powers used to progress in the game.</li> <li>In her poem "Garden Simurgh", <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Raine" title="Kathleen Raine">Kathleen Raine</a> describes how 'I hung out nuts for the blue-tits but the sparrows came, / All thirty of them / With a flurry of wings, / One mind in thirty vociferous selves...' eventually concluding that no 'wonder-bird' should be deemed 'more miraculous' than these 'two-a-farthing sparrows / Each feather bearing the carelessly-worn signature / Of the universe'. <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simurgh&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:500rials-IRI-simorgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Simorgh on the reverse of an Iranian 500 rials coin"><img alt="Simorgh on the reverse of an Iranian 500 rials coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/500rials-IRI-simorgh.jpg/120px-500rials-IRI-simorgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/500rials-IRI-simorgh.jpg/180px-500rials-IRI-simorgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/500rials-IRI-simorgh.jpg/240px-500rials-IRI-simorgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="227" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Simorgh on the reverse of an Iranian 500 rials coin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zal_in_the_Nest_of_Simurgh_LACMA_M.73.5.447.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Simurgh at its nest"><img alt="Simurgh at its nest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Zal_in_the_Nest_of_Simurgh_LACMA_M.73.5.447.jpg/69px-Zal_in_the_Nest_of_Simurgh_LACMA_M.73.5.447.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Zal_in_the_Nest_of_Simurgh_LACMA_M.73.5.447.jpg/103px-Zal_in_the_Nest_of_Simurgh_LACMA_M.73.5.447.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Zal_in_the_Nest_of_Simurgh_LACMA_M.73.5.447.jpg/138px-Zal_in_the_Nest_of_Simurgh_LACMA_M.73.5.447.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Simurgh at its nest</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nadir_Madrasah_Phoenix.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Decoration outside of Nadir Divan-Beghi madrasah, Bukhara"><img alt="Decoration outside of Nadir Divan-Beghi madrasah, Bukhara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Nadir_Madrasah_Phoenix.JPG/120px-Nadir_Madrasah_Phoenix.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Nadir_Madrasah_Phoenix.JPG/180px-Nadir_Madrasah_Phoenix.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Nadir_Madrasah_Phoenix.JPG/240px-Nadir_Madrasah_Phoenix.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Decoration outside of <a href="/wiki/Lyab-i_Hauz" title="Lyab-i Hauz">Nadir Divan-Beghi madrasah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Basawan._The_Flight_of_the_Simurgh._ca._1590,_Sadruddin_Aga_Khan_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Painting of the Simurgh made in the Mughal Empire"><img alt="Painting of the Simurgh made in the Mughal Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Basawan._The_Flight_of_the_Simurgh._ca._1590%2C_Sadruddin_Aga_Khan_Collection.jpg/78px-Basawan._The_Flight_of_the_Simurgh._ca._1590%2C_Sadruddin_Aga_Khan_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Basawan._The_Flight_of_the_Simurgh._ca._1590%2C_Sadruddin_Aga_Khan_Collection.jpg/118px-Basawan._The_Flight_of_the_Simurgh._ca._1590%2C_Sadruddin_Aga_Khan_Collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Basawan._The_Flight_of_the_Simurgh._ca._1590%2C_Sadruddin_Aga_Khan_Collection.jpg/157px-Basawan._The_Flight_of_the_Simurgh._ca._1590%2C_Sadruddin_Aga_Khan_Collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3053" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Painting of the Simurgh made in the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial coat of arms prior to the Revolution, containing Simurgh icon"><img alt="Imperial coat of arms prior to the Revolution, containing Simurgh icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg/120px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg/180px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg/240px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Imperial coat of arms prior to the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Revolution</a>, containing Simurgh icon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail._Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_(Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst),_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Simurgh platter. From Iran. Samanid dynasty, 9th–10th century CE. Museum für Islamische Kunst, Berlin"><img alt="Simurgh platter. From Iran. Samanid dynasty, 9th–10th century CE. Museum für Islamische Kunst, Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Detail._Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin.jpg/120px-Detail._Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Detail._Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin.jpg/180px-Detail._Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Detail._Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin.jpg/240px-Detail._Simurgh_platter._From_Iran._Samanids_dynasty._9th-10th_century_CE._Islamic_Art_Museum_%28Museum_f%C3%BCr_Islamische_Kunst%29%2C_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Simurgh platter. From Iran. Samanid dynasty, 9th–10th century CE. Museum für Islamische Kunst, Berlin</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simurgh&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anqa" title="Anqa">Anqa</a>, Arabian mythological bird identified with the Simurgh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anz%C3%BB_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anzû (mythology)">Anzû</a> (older reading: Zû), Mesopotamian monster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamrosh" title="Chamrosh">Chamrosh</a>, Persian mythological bird</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a>, Greek mythological hybrid monster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghuang" title="Fenghuang">Fenghuang</a>, mythological bird of East Asia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a>, Indian mythological bird</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin or griffon</a>, Greek lion-bird hybrid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huma_bird" title="Huma bird">Huma bird</a>, Iranian mythical bird</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythological_hybrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythological hybrid">Hybrid creatures in mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrul" title="Konrul">Konrul</a>, Turkish mythological hybrid bird</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">Lamassu</a>, Assyrian deity, bull/lion-eagle-human hybrid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luan (mythology)">Luan</a>, Chinese mythological bird related to the phoenix, whose name is often translated as "simurgh"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nue" title="Nue">Nue</a>, Japanese legendary creature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksoko" class="mw-redirect" title="Oksoko">Oksoko</a>, Slavic mythological double-headed eagle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamola" title="Pamola">Pamola</a>, A Legendary bird-spirit in Abenaki Mythology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a>, winged stallion in Greek mythology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixiu" title="Pixiu">Pixiu</a> or Pi Yao, Chinese mythical creature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roc_(mythology)" title="Roc (mythology)">Roc</a>, Arab and Persian legendary bird, the opposite of Anqa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahbaz_(bird)" title="Shahbaz (bird)">Shahbaz (bird)</a>, Persian mythological bird</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simargl" title="Simargl">Simargl</a>, a related being in Slavic mythology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a>, Greek mythical creature with lion's body and human head</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turul" title="Turul">Turul</a>, Turkic and Hungarian mythological bird of prey and a national symbol of Hungarians</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziz" title="Ziz">Ziz</a>, giant griffin-like bird in Jewish mythology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebird_(Slavic_folklore)" title="Firebird (Slavic folklore)">Zhar Ptica</a>, bird in Russian mythology parallel to the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">Phoenix</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simurgh&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZhivkov2015" class="citation book cs1">Zhivkov, Boris (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Du2CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA78"><i>Khazaria in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries</i></a>. Brill. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004294486" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004294486"><bdi>978-9004294486</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Khazaria+in+the+Ninth+and+Tenth+Centuries&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-9004294486&rft.aulast=Zhivkov&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Du2CAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimurgh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Juan Eduardo Cirlot, A Dictionary of Symbols, Courier Dover Publications, 2002, p. 253</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, on the wall of <a href="/wiki/Samtavisi_Cathedral" title="Samtavisi Cathedral">Samtavisi Cathedral</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, fresco depiction of simurghs inside medallions (evoking motifs found on Sassanid textiles) in the church of Tigran Honents at <a href="/wiki/Ani" title="Ani">Ani</a>. P Donabedian and J. M. Thierry, <i>Armenian Art</i>, New York, 1979, p. 488.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, a row of simurghs are depicted inside the "Ağaçaltı" church in the <a href="/wiki/Ihlara" title="Ihlara">Ihlara</a> gorge. Thierry, N. and M., <i>Nouvelles églises rupestres de Cappadoce</i>, Paris, 1963, pp. 84–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Jeroussalimskaja, "Soieries sassanides", in <i>Splendeur des sassanides: l'empire perse entre Rome et la Chine</i> (Brussels, 1993) 114, 117–118, points out that the spelling <i>senmurv</i>, is incorrect (noted by David Jacoby, "Silk Economics and Cross-Cultural Artistic Interaction: Byzantium, the Muslim World, and the Christian West", <i>Dumbarton Oaks Papers</i> 58 (2004): 197–240, esp. 212 note 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iranica-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iranica_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hanns-Peter_Schmidt" title="Hanns-Peter Schmidt">Schmidt, Hanns-Peter</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/simorg">"Simorg"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Iranica</i>. Costa Mesa: Mazda Pub.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Simorg&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Iranica&rft.place=Costa+Mesa&rft.pub=Mazda+Pub&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Hanns-Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fsimorg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimurgh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Mayrhofer" title="Manfred Mayrhofer">Mayrhofer, Manfred</a> (1996). “śyená-”. In: <i>Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen</i> [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] Volume II. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, 1996. p. 662. (In German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animators-armenia.betterworld.org/auctions/animators-armenia/items/siramarg-by-aram-sarkisian">"Siramarg by Aram Sarkisian | Animators for Armenia | Animators for Armenia"</a>. <i>BetterWorld</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=Journey+in+search+of+truth%3A+Metaphorical+story+of+Simurgh%2C+sovereign+of+birds&rft.date=2020-12-17&rft.aulast=T%C3%9CFEK%C3%87%C4%B0&rft.aufirst=AL%C4%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Farts%2Fjourney-in-search-of-truth-metaphorical-story-of-simurgh-sovereign-of-birds%2Fnews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimurgh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNair2022" class="citation web cs1">Nair, Nitten (9 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mythlok.com/simurgh/">"Simurgh : The Giant Bird"</a>. <i>Mythlok</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mythlok&rft.atitle=Simurgh+%3A+The+Giant+Bird&rft.date=2022-09-09&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=Nitten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmythlok.com%2Fsimurgh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimurgh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://objectlessons.space/Flights-of-Imagination-How-Birds-Have-Been-Reinvented-As-Mythical">"Flights of Imagination: How Birds Have Been Reinvented As Mythical Creatures Around The World — Object Lessons Space"</a>. <i>objectlessons.space</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Harvard University Press. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674067592" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674067592"><bdi>978-0674067592</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Persian+Literary+Humanism&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0674067592&rft.au=Hamid+Dabashi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHQFNfOPAS04C%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimurgh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhinfield2001" class="citation book cs1">Whinfield, E.H. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humanities.uci.edu&rft.atitle=The+State+of+Research+on+Sasanian+Painting&rft.aulast=Compareti&rft.aufirst=Matteo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1809995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimurgh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dict.org/bin/Dict?Form=Dict2&Database=devil&Query=Rabble">"Rabble" entry in <i>The Devil's Dictionary</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Dict.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Dict.org">Dict.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abebooks.co.uk/9788126906307/Salman-Rushdie-Critical-Essays-Vol-8126906308/plp">"Salman Rushdie: Critical Essays Vol. 1"</a>. Atlantic Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salman+Rushdie%3A+Critical+Essays+Vol.+1&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abebooks.co.uk%2F9788126906307%2FSalman-Rushdie-Critical-Essays-Vol-8126906308%2Fplp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimurgh" class="Z3988"></span> Page v</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-18263058">"Trojan targets Iranian and Syrian dissidents via proxy tool"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 30 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Trojan+targets+Iranian+and+Syrian+dissidents+via+proxy+tool&rft.date=2012-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Ftechnology-18263058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimurgh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaine2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Raine" title="Kathleen Raine">Raine, Kathleen</a> (2019). <i>Collected Poems</i> (2nd ed.). London: Faber & Faber Ltd. p. 340. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-35202-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-35202-9"><bdi>978-0-571-35202-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collected+Poems&rft.place=London&rft.pages=340&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber+Ltd&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-571-35202-9&rft.aulast=Raine&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimurgh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simurgh&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhahremani1984" class="citation journal cs1">Ghahremani, Homa A. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/world/mideast/mi-homa.htm">"Simorgh — An Old Persian Fairy Tale"</a>. <i>Sunrise</i> (June/July). Theosophical University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sunrise&rft.atitle=Simorgh+%E2%80%94+An+Old+Persian+Fairy+Tale&rft.issue=June%2FJuly&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Ghahremani&rft.aufirst=Homa+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theosophy-nw.org%2Ftheosnw%2Fworld%2Fmideast%2Fmi-homa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimurgh" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simurgh&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Simurgh" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Simurgh">Simurgh</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Asha" title="Asha">Asha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vohu_Manah" title="Vohu Manah">Vohu Manah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia/Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faravahar" title="Faravahar">Faravahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ZoroastrianismSymbolWhite.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Atar (fire)"><img alt="Atar (fire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/ZoroastrianismSymbolWhite.PNG" decoding="async" width="151" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Divine entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amesha_Spenta" title="Amesha Spenta">Amesha Spentas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazata" title="Yazata">Yazatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura" title="Ahura">Ahuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daeva" title="Daeva">Daevas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angra_Mainyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Angra Mainyu">Angra Mainyu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Scripture and worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gathas">Gathas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashem_Vohu" title="Ashem Vohu">Ashem Vohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahuna_Vairya" title="Ahuna Vairya">Ahuna Vairya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenghe_hatam" title="Yenghe hatam">Yenghe hatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airyaman_ishya" title="Airyaman ishya">Airyaman ishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_temple" title="Fire temple">Fire Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/101_Names_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="101 Names of God">101 Names of Ahura Mazda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udvada_Atash_Behram" class="mw-redirect" title="Udvada Atash Behram">Udvada Atash Behram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adur_Burzen-Mihr" title="Adur Burzen-Mihr">Adur Burzen-Mihr</a></li> <li>Adur Farnbag</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adur_Gushnasp" title="Adur Gushnasp">Adur Gushnasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_of_Kashmar" title="Cypress of Kashmar">Cypress of Kashmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasna" title="Yasna">Yasna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendidad" title="Vendidad">Vendidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visperad" title="Visperad">Visperad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasht" title="Yasht">Yashts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordeh_Avesta" title="Khordeh Avesta">Khordeh Avesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revayats" class="mw-redirect" title="The Revayats">The Revayats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab-Zohr" title="Ab-Zohr">Ab-Zohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atash_Behram" title="Atash Behram">Atash Behram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magi" title="Magi">Magi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Accounts and legends</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denkard" title="Denkard">Dēnkard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundahishn" title="Bundahishn">Bundahišn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Arda_Viraf" title="Book of Arda Viraf">Book of Arda Viraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamasp_Namag" title="Jamasp Namag">Book of Jamasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qissa-i_Sanjan" title="Qissa-i Sanjan">Story of Sanjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinvat_Bridge" title="Chinvat Bridge">Chinvat Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Frashokereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xrafstar" title="Xrafstar">Xrafstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamistagan" title="Hamistagan">Hamistagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duzakh" title="Duzakh">Duzakh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmar" title="Kashmar">Kashmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">History and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsi">Parsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdakism" title="Mazdakism">Mazdakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khurramites" title="Khurramites">Khurramites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Persian_religions" title="Three Persian religions">Three Persian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_festivals" title="Zoroastrian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_wedding" title="Zoroastrian wedding">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Silence" title="Tower of Silence">Burial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Adherents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Afghanistan" title="Zoroastrianism in Afghanistan">in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Armenia" title="Zoroastrianism in Armenia">in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Zoroastrianism in Azerbaijan">in Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianism in China">in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Sichuan" title="Zoroastrianism in Sichuan">in Sichuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_India" title="Zoroastrianism in India">in India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irani_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irani (India)">Irani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Iran" title="Zoroastrianism in Iran">in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq#Zoroastrianism" title="Religion in Iraq">in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianism in Pakistan">in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_the_United_States" title="Zoroastrianism in the United States">in United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianism in Uzbekistan">in Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FBEC5D;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fire_temples_in_Iran" title="List of fire temples in Iran">Fire temples in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fire_temples_in_India" title="List of fire temples in India">Fire temples in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FBEC5D;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Zoroastrianism" title="Category:Zoroastrianism">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shahnameh_of_Ferdowsi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shahnameh" title="Template:Shahnameh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shahnameh" title="Template talk:Shahnameh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shahnameh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shahnameh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shahnameh_of_Ferdowsi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pishdadian_dynasty" title="Pishdadian dynasty">Pishdadian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keyumars" title="Keyumars">Keyumars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hushang" title="Hushang">Hushang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahmuras" title="Tahmuras">Tahmuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamshid" title="Jamshid">Jamshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fereydun" title="Fereydun">Fereydun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraj" title="Iraj">Iraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuchehr" title="Manuchehr">Manuchehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowzar" title="Nowzar">Nowzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaav" title="Zaav">Zaav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershasp_(Shahnameh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gershasp (Shahnameh)">Garshasp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kayanian_dynasty" title="Kayanian dynasty">Kayanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Kaw%C4%81d" class="mw-redirect" title="Kay Kawād">Kay Kawād</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_K%C4%81vus" title="Kay Kāvus">Kay Kāvus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Khosrow" title="Kay Khosrow">Kay Khosrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Lohrasp" title="Kay Lohrasp">Kay Lohrasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goshtasp_(Shahnameh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goshtasp (Shahnameh)">Goshtasb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bahman" title="Kay Bahman">Kay Bahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humay_Chehrzad" title="Humay Chehrzad">Humay Chehrzad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Darab" class="mw-redirect" title="Kay Darab">Kay Darab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dara_II" title="Dara II">Dara II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shahnameh_characters" title="List of Shahnameh characters">Male characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamasp_(sage)" title="Jamasp (sage)">Jamasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamak" title="Siamak">Siamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrasb_(Shahnameh)" title="Shahrasb (Shahnameh)">Shahrasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtin" title="Abtin">Abtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayanoush" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayanoush">Kayanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81ve" class="mw-redirect" title="Kāve">Kāve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arash" title="Arash">Arash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_(Shahnameh)" title="Salm (Shahnameh)">Salm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tur_(Shahnameh)" title="Tur (Shahnameh)">Tur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qob%C3%A1d_(Shahnameh)" title="Qobád (Shahnameh)">Qobád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaren" title="Qaren">Qaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tous_son_of_Nowzar" title="Tous son of Nowzar">Tous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gostaham" title="Gostaham">Gostaham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershasp_(gladiator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gershasp (gladiator)">Gershasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nariman_(Shahnameh)" title="Nariman (Shahnameh)">Nariman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81m" title="Sām">Sām</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C4%81l" title="Zāl">Zāl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostam" title="Rostam">Rostam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohrab" title="Sohrab">Sohrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esfandiy%C4%81r" title="Esfandiyār">Esfandiyār</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshotanu" title="Peshotanu">Pashotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faramarz" title="Faramarz">Faramarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fariburz_(Shahnameh)" title="Fariburz (Shahnameh)">Fariborz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siy%C3%A2vash" title="Siyâvash">Siyâvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farud" title="Farud">Farud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zangay-i_Shavaran" title="Zangay-i Shavaran">Zangay-i Shavaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashvad" title="Kashvad">Kashvad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goudarz" title="Goudarz">Goudarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giv_(Shahnameh)" title="Giv (Shahnameh)">Giv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizhan_(Shahnameh)" title="Bizhan (Shahnameh)">Bizhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohham" title="Rohham">Rohham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahram_(Shahnameh)" title="Bahram (Shahnameh)">Bahram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hojir" title="Hojir">Hojir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgin_(Shahnameh)" title="Gorgin (Shahnameh)">Gorgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zavara" title="Zavara">Zavara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaghad" title="Shaghad">Shaghad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostam_Farrokhz%C4%81d" class="mw-redirect" title="Rostam Farrokhzād">Rostam Farrokhzād</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbad" title="Barbad">Barbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Eskandar (Alexander)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_in_Shahnameh" title="List of women in Shahnameh">Female characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faranak" title="Faranak">Faranak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnav%C4%81z" title="Arnavāz">Arnavāz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrn%C4%81z" title="Shahrnāz">Shahrnāz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindukht" title="Sindukht">Sindukht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudaba" title="Rudaba">Rudaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudabeh" title="Sudabeh">Sudabeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahmina" title="Tahmina">Tahmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Goshasp" title="Banu Goshasp">Banu Goshasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordafarid" title="Gordafarid">Gordafarid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farangis" title="Farangis">Farangis</a></li> <li>Manizheh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kat%C4%81youn" title="Katāyoun">Katāyoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azadeh_(Shahnameh)" title="Azadeh (Shahnameh)">Azadeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tayy" title="Tayy">Tazian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mardas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahhak" title="Zahhak">Zahhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrab_Kaboli" title="Mehrab Kaboli">Mehrab Kaboli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turan" title="Turan">Turanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zadashm" title="Zadashm">Zadashm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashang" title="Pashang">Pashang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghrirat" title="Aghrirat">Aghrirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garsivaz" title="Garsivaz">Garsivaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrasiab" title="Afrasiab">Afrasiab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tageuo_(Shahnameh)" title="Tageuo (Shahnameh)">Tageuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shideh_(Shahnameh)" title="Shideh (Shahnameh)">Shideh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjasp" title="Arjasp">Arjasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viseh" title="Viseh">Viseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piran_Viseh" title="Piran Viseh">Piran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houman" title="Houman">Houman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barman_(Shahnameh)" title="Barman (Shahnameh)">Barman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nastihan" title="Nastihan">Nastihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biderafsh" title="Biderafsh">Biderafsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clans and<br />families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashvad" title="Kashvad">Kashvadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Goudarz" title="House of Goudarz">House of Goudarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Viseh" title="House of Viseh">House of Viseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Nowzar" title="House of Nowzar">House of Nowzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sasan" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Sasan">House of Sasan</a></li> <li>House of Sām</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf,_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf%2C_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg/80px-Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf%2C_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf%2C_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg/120px-Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf%2C_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf%2C_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg/160px-Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf%2C_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4303" data-file-height="5929" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_%288%29.jpg/80px-IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_%288%29.jpg/120px-IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_%288%29.jpg/160px-IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Court_of_Gayumars_(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_Court_of_Gayumars_%28Cropped%29.jpg/80px-The_Court_of_Gayumars_%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_Court_of_Gayumars_%28Cropped%29.jpg/120px-The_Court_of_Gayumars_%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_Court_of_Gayumars_%28Cropped%29.jpg/160px-The_Court_of_Gayumars_%28Cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1816" data-file-height="2632" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Creatures <br />and animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akvan_Div" title="Akvan Div">Akvan Div</a></li> <li>Kharvazan Div</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzhang_Div" title="Arzhang Div">Arzhang Div</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Div-e_Sepid" title="Div-e Sepid">Div-e Sepid</a></li> <li>Koulad-Ghandi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huma_bird" title="Huma bird">Huma bird</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Simurgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhsh" title="Rakhsh">Rakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabdiz" title="Shabdiz">Shabdiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabrang" title="Shabrang">Shabrang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Elephant_(Shahnameh)" title="White Elephant (Shahnameh)">White Elephant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_(Shahnameh)" title="Iran (Shahnameh)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan" title="Turan">Turan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabulistan" title="Zabulistan">Zabulistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan" title="Sistan">Sistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istakhr" title="Istakhr">Estakhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazandaran_(Shahnameh)" title="Mazandaran (Shahnameh)">Mazandaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hara_Berezaiti" title="Hara Berezaiti">Alborzkouh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Damavand" title="Mount Damavand">Mount Damavand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammisha" title="Tammisha">Tammisha</a></li> <li>Kasa-Roud</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Shahnameh" title="List of places in Shahnameh">Other locations...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gonbadan Castle (Dez-i Gonbadan)</li> <li>Roein Castle (Dez-i Roein)</li> <li>Sepid Castle (Dezh-i Sepid</li> <li>Bahman Castle (Dezh-i Bahman)</li> <li>Alanan Castle (Dezh-i Alanan</li> <li>Gang Castle (Gang-Dez)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Shahnameh" title="Florence Shahnameh">Florence <i>Shahnameh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mongol_Shahnameh" title="Great Mongol Shahnameh">Great Mongol <i>Shahnameh</i></a> (or Demotte)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baysonghor_Shahnameh" class="mw-redirect" title="Baysonghor Shahnameh">Baysonghor <i>Shahnameh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh_of_Shah_Tahmasp" title="Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp"><i>Shahnameh</i> of Shah Tahmasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh_of_Rashida" title="Shahnameh of Rashida"><i>Shahnameh</i> of Rashida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Shahnameh" title="Windsor Shahnameh">Windsor <i>Shahnameh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davari_Shahnameh" title="Davari Shahnameh">Davari <i>Shahnameh</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daqiqi" title="Daqiqi">Daqiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu-Mansuri_Shahnameh" title="Abu-Mansuri Shahnameh">Abu-Mansuri <i>Shahnameh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derafsh_Kaviani" title="Derafsh Kaviani">Derafsh Kaviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babr-e_Bayan" title="Babr-e Bayan">Babr-e Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zal_and_Rudabeh" title="Zal and Rudabeh">Zal and Rudabeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostam_and_Sohrab" title="Rostam and Sohrab">Rostam and Sohrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rostam_and_Esfandiy%C4%81r" title="Battle of Rostam and Esfandiyār">Rostam and Esfandiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostam%27s_Seven_Labours" title="Rostam's Seven Labours">Rostam's Seven Labours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davazdah_Rokh" title="Davazdah Rokh">Davazdah Rokh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_and_Shirin" title="Khosrow and Shirin">Khosrow and Shirin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijan_and_Manijeh" title="Bijan and Manijeh">Bijan and Manijeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">Persian mythology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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