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County of Edessa - Wikipedia
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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_Edessa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_Edessa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History of Edessa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_of_Edessa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History of Edessa subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_of_Edessa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Founding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Founding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflicts_with_Muslim_neighbours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflicts_with_Muslim_neighbours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Conflicts with Muslim neighbours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflicts_with_Muslim_neighbours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fall_of_the_county" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fall_of_the_county"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Fall of the county</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fall_of_the_county-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population_and_demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_and_demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Population and demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_and_demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Counts_of_Edessa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counts_of_Edessa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Counts of Edessa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counts_of_Edessa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lordship_of_Turbessel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lordship_of_Turbessel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Lordship of Turbessel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lordship_of_Turbessel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Officers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">County of Edessa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7" title="كونتية الرها – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كونتية الرها" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B5_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Եդեսիոյ Կոմսութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Եդեսիոյ Կոմսութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edessa_qrafl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Edessa qraflığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Edessa qraflığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Графство Едеса – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Графство Едеса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comtat_d%27Edessa" title="Comtat d'Edessa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comtat d'Edessa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edessk%C3%A9_hrabstv%C3%AD" title="Edesské hrabství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Edesské hrabství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevskabet_Edessa" title="Grevskabet Edessa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grevskabet Edessa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafschaft_Edessa" title="Grafschaft Edessa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grafschaft Edessa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%88%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κομητεία της Έδεσσας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κομητεία της Έδεσσας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Edesa" title="Condado de Edesa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Condado de Edesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graflando_Edessa" title="Graflando Edessa – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Graflando Edessa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edesako_Konderria" title="Edesako Konderria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Edesako Konderria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="کنتنشین ادسا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنتنشین ادسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_d%27%C3%89desse" title="Comté d'Édesse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Comté d'Édesse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Edesa" title="Condado de Edesa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Condado de Edesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8D%B0%EC%82%AC_%EB%B0%B1%EA%B5%AD" title="에데사 백국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에데사 백국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Եդեսիայի կոմսություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եդեսիայի կոմսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grofovija_Edesa" title="Grofovija Edesa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grofovija Edesa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Edessa" title="County Edessa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="County Edessa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contato_de_Edessa" title="Contato de Edessa – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Contato de Edessa" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contea_di_Edessa" title="Contea di Edessa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Contea di Edessa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%94" title="רוזנות אדסה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוזנות אדסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="ედესის საგრაფო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ედესის საგრაფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comitatus_Edessanus" title="Comitatus Edessanus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Comitatus Edessanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edesas_gr%C4%81fiste" title="Edesas grāfiste – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Edesas grāfiste" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edesos_grafyst%C4%97" title="Edesos grafystė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Edesos grafystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edesszai_Gr%C3%B3fs%C3%A1g" title="Edesszai Grófság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Edesszai Grófság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Грофовија Едеса – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грофовија Едеса" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7" title="كونتية الرها – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كونتية الرها" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graafschap_Edessa" title="Graafschap Edessa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Graafschap Edessa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%87%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="エデッサ伯国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エデッサ伯国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevskapet_Edessa" title="Grevskapet Edessa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grevskapet Edessa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevskapet_Edessa" title="Grevskapet Edessa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grevskapet Edessa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comtat_d%27Edessa" title="Comtat d'Edessa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Comtat d'Edessa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edessa_grafligi" title="Edessa grafligi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Edessa grafligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrabstwo_Edessy" title="Hrabstwo Edessy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hrabstwo Edessy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condado_de_Edessa" title="Condado de Edessa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Condado de Edessa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comitatul_de_Edessa" title="Comitatul de Edessa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Comitatul de Edessa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Эдесское графство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эдесское графство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edessk%C3%A9_gr%C3%B3fstvo" title="Edesské grófstvo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Edesské grófstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grofija_Edesa" title="Grofija Edesa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grofija Edesa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Грофовија Едеса – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грофовија Едеса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grofovija_Edessa" title="Grofovija Edessa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grofovija Edessa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edessan_kreivikunta" title="Edessan kreivikunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edessan kreivikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevskapet_Edessa" title="Grevskapet Edessa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grevskapet Edessa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondado_ng_Edessa" title="Kondado ng Edessa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kondado ng Edessa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="เคาน์ตีอิเดสซา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคาน์ตีอิเดสซา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urfa_Kontlu%C4%9Fu" title="Urfa Kontluğu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Urfa Kontluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Едеське графство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Едеське графство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_Edessa" title="Bá quốc Edessa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bá quốc Edessa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Crusader state. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Edessa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Edessa (disambiguation)">Edessa (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">County of Edessa</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Comitatus Edessanus</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><br /><span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Conté de Édese</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Old_French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old French language">Old French</a>)</span><br /><span title="Syriac-language text"><span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܐܘܪܗܝ ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>)</span><br /> <span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy">Եդեսիոյ Կոմսութիւն</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1098–1144</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_House_of_Courtenay_(undifferencied_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the houses of Boulogne and Courtenay of Edessa"><img alt="Coat of arms of the houses of Boulogne and Courtenay of Edessa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Arms_of_the_House_of_Courtenay_%28undifferencied_arms%29.svg/85px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Courtenay_%28undifferencied_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Arms_of_the_House_of_Courtenay_%28undifferencied_arms%29.svg/128px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Courtenay_%28undifferencied_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Arms_of_the_House_of_Courtenay_%28undifferencied_arms%29.svg/170px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Courtenay_%28undifferencied_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms of the houses of <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Boulogne" title="Count of Boulogne">Boulogne</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Courtenay" title="House of Courtenay">Courtenay</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_County_of_Edessa_1098-1131-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The expansion of the county of Edessa prior to 1131."><img alt="The expansion of the county of Edessa prior to 1131." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Map_County_of_Edessa_1098-1131-en.svg/250px-Map_County_of_Edessa_1098-1131-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Map_County_of_Edessa_1098-1131-en.svg/375px-Map_County_of_Edessa_1098-1131-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Map_County_of_Edessa_1098-1131-en.svg/500px-Map_County_of_Edessa_1098-1131-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="581" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The expansion of the county of Edessa prior to 1131.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessa</a> (1098–1144; 1146)<br />(modern-day <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa" class="mw-redirect" title="Şanlıurfa">Şanlıurfa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Turbessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbessel">Turbessel</a> (1144–1146; 1146–1150)<br />(modern-day Gündoğan, <a href="/wiki/O%C4%9Fuzeli" title="Oğuzeli">Oğuzeli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaziantep_Province" title="Gaziantep Province">Gaziantep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(official/ceremonial)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(popular)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(popular)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> (official), <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodoxy">Greek Orthodoxy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac Orthodoxy">Syriac Orthodoxy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> (popular)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Feudal_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal monarchy">Feudal monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Edessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Edessa">Count of Edessa</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1098–1100 <span style="font-size:85%;">(first)</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1131–1150 <span style="font-size:85%;">(last)</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joscelin_II,_Count_of_Edessa" title="Joscelin II, Count of Edessa">Joscelin II</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1096–1099</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Establishment </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1098</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Conquered by <a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_Zengi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur ad-Din Zengi">Nur ad-Din Zengi</a>, and the rest sold to <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_Komnenos" title="Manuel I Komnenos">Manuel I Komnenos</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1144</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thoros_of_Edessa" title="Thoros of Edessa">Edessa under Thoros</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Zengid_dynasty" title="Zengid dynasty">Emirate of Zengids</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Zengid_Dynasty_1127_-_1250_%28AD%29.PNG/20px-Zengid_Dynasty_1127_-_1250_%28AD%29.PNG" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Zengid_Dynasty_1127_-_1250_%28AD%29.PNG/30px-Zengid_Dynasty_1127_-_1250_%28AD%29.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Zengid_Dynasty_1127_-_1250_%28AD%29.PNG/40px-Zengid_Dynasty_1127_-_1250_%28AD%29.PNG 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="440" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Komnenos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty">Byzantine Empire</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzantine_Calvary_cross_potent_(transparent).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Byzantine_Calvary_cross_potent_%28transparent%29.png/14px-Byzantine_Calvary_cross_potent_%28transparent%29.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Byzantine_Calvary_cross_potent_%28transparent%29.png/21px-Byzantine_Calvary_cross_potent_%28transparent%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Byzantine_Calvary_cross_potent_%28transparent%29.png/28px-Byzantine_Calvary_cross_potent_%28transparent%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1043" data-file-height="1855" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>County of Edessa</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: <i>Comitatus Edessanus</i>) was a 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Crusader_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusader state">Crusader state</a> in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its seat was the city of <a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessa</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa" class="mw-redirect" title="Şanlıurfa">Şanlıurfa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>). </p><p>In the late <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> period, Edessa became the centre of intellectual life within the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a>. As such it also became the centre for the translation of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Ancient Greek philosophy</a> into <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>, which provided a stepping stone for the subsequent translations into <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>. When the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">crusades</a> arrived, it was still important enough to tempt a side-expedition after the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch" title="Siege of Antioch">siege of Antioch</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_of_Boulogne" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwin of Boulogne">Baldwin of Boulogne</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Edessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Edessa">count of Edessa</a>, became <a href="/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" title="King of Jerusalem">king of Jerusalem</a>, and subsequent counts were his cousins. Unlike the other Crusader states, the county was landlocked. It was remote from the other states and was not on particularly good terms with its closest neighbor, the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a>. Half of the county, including its capital, was located east of the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a>, far to the east, rendering it particularly vulnerable. The west part of the Euphrates was controlled from the stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Turbessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbessel">Turbessel</a>. The eastern border of Edessa was the <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>, but the County may not have extended quite that far. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Edessa_(1144)" title="Siege of Edessa (1144)">fall of Edessa</a> in 1144 was the first major setback for <a href="/wiki/Outremer" class="mw-redirect" title="Outremer">Outremer</a> and provoked the <a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">Second Crusade</a>. All the later Crusades, however, were troubled by strategic uncertainties and disagreements. The Second Crusade did not even try to recover Edessa, calculating it to be strategically better to take <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>. But the campaign failed and Edessa was lost for the <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_Edessa">History of Edessa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of Edessa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1098, <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin of Boulogne</a> left the main Crusading army, which was travelling south towards <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. He went first south into <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a>, then east to Edessa, where he convinced its lord, <a href="/wiki/Thoros_of_Edessa" title="Thoros of Edessa">Thoros</a>, to adopt him as son and heir. He also married Thoros' daughter, <a href="/wiki/Arda_of_Armenia" title="Arda of Armenia">Arda of Armenia</a>, who eventually became the first queen of Jerusalem. Thoros was a Christian of Armenian origin but of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox</a> religion and largely disliked by his <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Apostolic">Armenian Apostolic</a> subjects, which led to his removal from power in March 1098. Different sources claim he was <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">assassinated</a> or abdicated, and it is debated whether Baldwin played a role in this. Nonetheless, Baldwin succeeded Thoros as ruler, taking the title of count (having been <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Verdun" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Verdun">Count of Verdun</a> as a vassal of his brother in Europe). </p><p>In 1100, Baldwin became King of Jerusalem when his brother, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Bouillon" title="Godfrey of Bouillon">Godfrey of Bouillon</a>, died. The County of Edessa passed to his cousin <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_II_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin II of Jerusalem">Baldwin of Bourcq</a>. He was joined by <a href="/wiki/Joscelin_I_of_Edessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Joscelin I of Edessa">Joscelin of Courtenay</a>, who became lord of the fortress of Turbessel on the Euphrates, an important outpost against the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Turks">Seljuk Turks</a>. </p><p>The Frankish lords formed a good rapport with their <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenian</a> subjects, and there were frequent intermarriages; the first three counts all married Armenians. Count Baldwin's wife had died in <a href="/wiki/Marash" class="mw-redirect" title="Marash">Marash</a> in 1097, and after he succeeded to Edessa he married <a href="/wiki/Arda_of_Armenia" title="Arda of Armenia">Arda</a>, a granddaughter of the Armenian <a href="/wiki/Roupenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Roupenid">Roupenid</a> Prince <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I,_Prince_of_Armenia" title="Constantine I, Prince of Armenia">Constantine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_II_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin II of Jerusalem">Baldwin of Bourcq</a> married <a href="/wiki/Morphia_of_Melitene" title="Morphia of Melitene">Morphia</a>, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_of_Melitene" title="Gabriel of Melitene">Gabriel of Melitene</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joscelin_I_of_Edessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Joscelin I of Edessa">Joscelin of Courtenay</a> married a daughter of Constantine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflicts_with_Muslim_neighbours">Conflicts with Muslim neighbours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conflicts with Muslim neighbours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>. He helped secure the ransom of <a href="/wiki/Bohemond_I_of_Antioch" title="Bohemond I of Antioch">Bohemond I of Antioch</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Danishmends" class="mw-redirect" title="Danishmends">Danishmends</a> in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harran" title="Battle of Harran">Battle of Harran</a>. Bohemond's cousin <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee" title="Tancred, Prince of Galilee">Tancred</a> became regent in Edessa (although <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Salerno" title="Richard of Salerno">Richard of Salerno</a> actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. </p><p>In 1110, all lands east of the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> were lost to <a href="/wiki/Mawdud" title="Mawdud">Mawdud</a> of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. </p><p>Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when Baldwin I died in 1118. Although <a href="/wiki/Eustace_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Eustace III">Eustace of Boulogne</a> had a better claim as the late Baldwin's brother, he was in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and did not want the title. Edessa was given to Joscelin in 1119. Joscelin was taken prisoner once again in 1122; when Baldwin came to rescue him, he too was captured, and Jerusalem was left without its king. Joscelin escaped in 1123, and obtained Baldwin's release the next year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fall_of_the_county">Fall of the county</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fall of the county"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Joscelin was gravely injured during a siege in 1131 and was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Joscelin_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Joscelin II">Joscelin II</a>. By this time, <a href="/wiki/Imad_ad-Din_Zengi" class="mw-redirect" title="Imad ad-Din Zengi">Zengi</a> had united <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> and began to threaten Edessa. Meanwhile, Joscelin II paid little attention to the security of his county, and argued with the <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Tripoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts of Tripoli">counts of Tripoli</a> who then refused to come to his aid. Zengi <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Edessa_(1144)" title="Siege of Edessa (1144)">besieged the city</a> in 1144, capturing it on 24 December that year. Joscelin continued to rule his lands west of the Euphrates, and he also managed to take advantage of the death of Zengi in September 1146 to regain and briefly hold his old capital. The city was <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Edessa_(1146)" title="Siege of Edessa (1146)">again lost</a> in November, and Joscelin barely escaped. In 1150 he was captured by Zengi's son <a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_Zengi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur ad-Din Zengi">Nur ad-Din</a>, and was kept a prisoner in Aleppo until he died in 1159. His wife sold Turbessel and what was left of the county to the Byzantine Emperor <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_Comnenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel I Comnenus">Manuel I Comnenus</a>, but these lands were conquered by <a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_Zengi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur ad-Din Zengi">Nur ad-Din</a> and the Sultan of <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_R%C3%BBm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Rûm">Rum</a> within a year. Edessa was the first Crusader state to be created, and also the first to be lost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population_and_demographics">Population and demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Population and demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Crusader_states_1135-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Map_Crusader_states_1135-en.svg/280px-Map_Crusader_states_1135-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Map_Crusader_states_1135-en.svg/420px-Map_Crusader_states_1135-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Map_Crusader_states_1135-en.svg/560px-Map_Crusader_states_1135-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="1315" /></a><figcaption>A political map of the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a> in 1135. <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a> are marked with a red cross.</figcaption></figure> <p>Edessa was one of the largest of the <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a> in terms of territory but had one of the smallest populations. Edessa itself had about 10,000 inhabitants. The rest of the county consisted mostly of fortresses. The county's territory extended from Antioch in the west to across the Euphrates in the east at its greatest extent. It also often occupied land as far north as <a href="/wiki/Armenian_highlands" title="Armenian highlands">Armenia proper</a>. To the south and east were the powerful Muslim cities of Aleppo and Mosul, and <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazira,_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazira, Mesopotamia">the Jazira</a> (northern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>). The inhabitants were mostly <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac Orthodox">Syriac Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Orthodox</a> Christians, with some <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox</a> Christians and <a href="/wiki/Arab_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Muslim">Arab Muslims</a>. Although the numbers of Latins always remained small, there was a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> archbishop. The fall of the city was the catalyst for the <a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">Second Crusade</a> in 1146. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counts_of_Edessa">Counts of Edessa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Counts of Edessa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin I of Jerusalem">Baldwin I</a> 1098–1100</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_II_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin II of Jerusalem">Baldwin II</a> 1100–1118 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tancred_of_Galilee" class="mw-redirect" title="Tancred of Galilee">Tancred of Galilee</a> as regent, with <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Salerno" title="Richard of Salerno">Richard of Salerno</a> as governor (1104–1108)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joscelin_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Joscelin I">Joscelin I</a> 1118–1131</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joscelin_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Joscelin II">Joscelin II</a> 1131–1144, d. 1159</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joscelin_III" title="Joscelin III">Joscelin III</a>, titular Count from 1159</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_de_Courtenay" title="Beatrix de Courtenay">Beatrice</a>, titular Countess from 1200</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lordship_of_Turbessel">Lordship of Turbessel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lordship of Turbessel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Turbessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbessel">Turbessel</a> was firstly the lordship of Joscelin I when he was not yet the count of Edessa. It controlled the area west of the Euphrates, and held the border against Antioch. It then was a special holding of Courtenay counts of Edessa, and again became their seat after the loss of the city of Edessa. It was sold with the remaining parts of the county to the Byzantines just before it was conquered by Muslims. After the sale, the wife and family of Joscelin II moved with the proceeds to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Akko" class="mw-redirect" title="Akko">Acre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Officers">Officers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Officers_of_the_County_of_Edessa" title="Officers of the County of Edessa">Officers of the County of Edessa</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Church">Church</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Edessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Edessa">Bishopric of Edessa</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vassals_of_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem">Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Pir" title="Principality of Pir">Principality of Pir</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Ferdinandi, Sergio (2017). La Contea Franca di Edessa. Fondazione e Profilo Storico del Primo Principato Crociato nel Levante (1098-1150). Pontificia Università Antonianum - Rome. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em 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href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commune_of_Antioch" title="Commune of Antioch">Antioch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">County of Edessa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Marash" title="Lordship of Marash">Marash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Kingdom of Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/100px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/150px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/200px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frankokratia" title="Frankokratia">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire of Constantinople</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Philippopolis" title="Duchy of Philippopolis">Duchy of Philippopolis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thessalonica" title="Kingdom of Thessalonica">Kingdom of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Achaea" title="Principality of Achaea">Principality of Achaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Athens" title="Duchy of Athens">Duchy of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Neopatras" title="Duchy of Neopatras">Duchy of Neopatras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_the_Archipelago" title="Duchy of the Archipelago">Duchy of the Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triarchy_of_Negroponte" title="Triarchy of Negroponte">Triarchy of Negroponte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_Cephalonia_and_Zakynthos" title="County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos">County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Argos_and_Nauplia" title="Lordship of Argos and Nauplia">Lordship of Argos and Nauplia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> <a href="/wiki/Stato_da_M%C3%A0r" title="Stato da Màr">Stato da Màr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller Rhodes">Hospitaller Rhodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa#Territories_during_the_Middle_Ages" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prussia_(region)" title="Prussia (region)">Prussia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Terra_Mariana" title="Terra Mariana">Livonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="State of the Teutonic Order">State of the Teutonic Order</a>* <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword" title="Livonian Brothers of the Sword">Livonian Brothers of the Sword</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Riga" title="Archbishopric of Riga">Archbishopric of Riga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Courland" title="Bishopric of Courland">Bishopric of Courland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Dorpat" title="Bishopric of Dorpat">Bishopric of Dorpat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_%C3%96sel%E2%80%93Wiek" title="Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek">Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrzy%C5%84_Land" title="Dobrzyń Land">Dobrzyń Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Dobrzy%C5%84" title="Order of Dobrzyń">Order of Dobrzyń</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Free City of Riga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)" title="Military order (religious society)">Military orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_in_late_medieval_Anatolia_(after_1071)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medieval_states_in_Anatolia" title="Template:Medieval states in Anatolia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medieval_states_in_Anatolia" title="Template talk:Medieval states in Anatolia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval_states_in_Anatolia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval states in Anatolia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_in_late_medieval_Anatolia_(after_1071)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_in_late_medieval_Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="States in late medieval Anatolia">States in late medieval Anatolia</a> (after 1071)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muslim states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahis" title="Ahis">Ahis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaiye" title="Alaiye">Alaiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artuqids" title="Artuqids">Artuqids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aydinids" title="Aydinids">Aydinids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candar_dynasty" title="Candar dynasty">Candaroğulları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyliks_of_Canik" title="Beyliks of Canik">Canik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chobanids_(beylik)" title="Chobanids (beylik)">Chobanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_%C3%87ubuko%C4%9Fullar%C4%B1" title="Beylik of Çubukoğulları">Çubukoğulları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danishmendids" title="Danishmendids">Danishmendids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Dilma%C3%A7" title="Beylik of Dilmaç">Dilmachids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulkadirids" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulkadirids">Dulkadirids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eretnid_dynasty" title="Eretnid dynasty">Eretnids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Erzincan" class="mw-redirect" title="Beylik of Erzincan">Erzincan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshrefids" title="Eshrefids">Eshrefids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germiyanids" title="Germiyanids">Germiyanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Chalybia" title="Emirate of Chalybia">Hacıemir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamidids" title="Hamidids">Hamidids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inalids" title="Inalids">Inalids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadi_Burhan_al-Din" title="Kadi Burhan al-Din">Kadi Burhan al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamanids" title="Karamanids">Karamanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karasid_dynasty" title="Karasid dynasty">Karasids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanjids" class="mw-redirect" title="Inanjids">Ladik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Meng%C3%BCjek" title="House of Mengüjek">Mengüjekids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menteshe" title="Menteshe">Menteshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perv%C3%A2neo%C4%9Flu" title="Pervâneoğlu">Pervâneoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Qoyunlu" title="Qara Qoyunlu">Qara Qoyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadanid_Emirate" title="Ramadanid Emirate">Ramadanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah-Armens" title="Shah-Armens">Shah-Armens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_Ataids" title="Sahib Ataids">Sahib Ataids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltukids" title="Saltukids">Saltukids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarukhanids" title="Sarukhanids">Sarukhanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Limnia" title="Emirate of Limnia">Tacettinids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Tanr%C4%B1bermi%C5%9F" title="Beylik of Tanrıbermiş">Tanrıbermiş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Teke" title="Beylik of Teke">Teke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzachas" title="Tzachas">Tzachas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Empire of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philaretos_Brachamios" title="Philaretos Brachamios">Philaretos Brachamios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaccaria" title="Zaccaria">Zaccaria family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232806#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232806#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232806#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129117864">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88254184">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564915005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐pdn6j Cached time: 20241122142014 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.725 seconds Real time usage: 0.945 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3673/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 61229/2097152 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&oldid=1254110066">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=County_of_Edessa&oldid=1254110066</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_the_1140s" title="Category:States and territories disestablished in the 1140s">States and territories disestablished in the 1140s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:County_of_Edessa" 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