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A Q&A with the director of the Penn Center for AIDS Research | Penn Today
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class="site-nav-event__through">Through</p> <p class="site-nav-event__date">11/26</p> </div> <div class="site-nav-event__text"> <a class="site-nav-event__link" href="/events/biometric-screenings-2024" tabindex="0"> <h3 class="site-nav-event__head"> <span>Biometric Screenings 2024</span> </h3> <div class="site-nav-event__img-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/event_small/public/2022-09/biometric-screening-teaser.jpg?h=2e5cdddf&itok=sKsyj8ox" alt="Person getting their blood pressure checked." /> </div> <div class="site-nav-event__dek"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">The Division of Human Resources invites Penn faculty and staff to participate in free biometric screening for blood pressure, glucose, and lipids. Upon completion, participants can earn $75 in Pulse Cash rewards. </div> </div></div> <p class="site-nav-event__time">9:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m.</p> <p class="site-nav-event__location">Various locations</p> </a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="site-nav__event"> <article class="site-nav__event-content"> <div class="site-nav-event__date-container"> <p class="site-nav-event__date">12/3</p> </div> <div class="site-nav-event__text"> <a class="site-nav-event__link" href="/events/inquisitions-inquisitor" tabindex="0"> <h3 class="site-nav-event__head"> <span>The Inquisition's Inquisitor </span> </h3> <div class="site-nav-event__img-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/event_small/public/2019-03/p-100538-master-v1-011x-ww.jpg?h=56d0ca2e&itok=oGs39KG0" alt="students at the lea library kislak center researching walt whitman" /> </div> <div class="site-nav-event__dek"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Penn Libraries celebrates the publication of the first comprehensive biography of Henry Charles Lea, whose library, including the physical space, and papers reside in the Kislak Center. A talk will take place by Richard L. Kagan, author of “The Inquisition’s Inquisitor: Henry Charles Lea of Philadelphia.”</div> </div></div> <p class="site-nav-event__time">5:30 p.m. - 7:30 p.m.</p> <p class="site-nav-event__location">Van Pelt-Dietrich Library, 3420 Walnut St.</p> </a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="site-nav__event"> <article class="site-nav__event-content"> <div class="site-nav-event__date-container"> <p class="site-nav-event__date">12/4</p> </div> <div class="site-nav-event__text"> <a class="site-nav-event__link" href="/events/lorraine-beitler-lecture" tabindex="0"> <h3 class="site-nav-event__head"> <span>Lorraine Beitler Lecture</span> </h3> <div class="site-nav-event__img-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/event_small/public/2022-09/Van_Pelt-Dietrich_Library_Center_-_IMG_6589.jpeg?h=84071268&itok=6wR3ApY1" alt="Exterior of Van Pelt Library under autumn leaves." /> </div> <div class="site-nav-event__dek"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Maurice Samuels, a professor of French at Yale, delivers the Lorraine Beitler Lecture, about Jewish reactions to the Dreyfus Affair in different national contexts. </div> </div></div> <p class="site-nav-event__time">5:30 p.m.</p> <p class="site-nav-event__location">Van Pelt-Dietrich Library, 3420 Walnut St.</p> </a> </div> </article> </div> <div class="site-nav__event"> <article class="site-nav__event-content"> <div class="site-nav-event__date-container"> <p class="site-nav-event__date">12/6</p> </div> <div class="site-nav-event__text"> <a class="site-nav-event__link" href="/events/rocky-date-night" tabindex="0"> <h3 class="site-nav-event__head"> <span>Rocky Date Night</span> </h3> <div class="site-nav-event__img-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/event_small/public/2020-10/Penn%20Ice%20Rink_2.jpg?h=46fe20cd&itok=G_7Z4Hme" alt="" /> </div> <div class="site-nav-event__dek"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Penn Ice Rink hosts a Rocky-themed night of skating with a speed-skating dating hour, a Rocky and Adrian lookalike contest, and food and drink. Penn students receive half-price tickets.</div> </div></div> <p class="site-nav-event__time">7:00 p.m. - 10:00 p.m.</p> <p class="site-nav-event__location">Penn Ice Rink, 3130 Walnut St.</p> </a> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu__close-bar"> <button class="js-menu-toggle menu__close"> <span class="visually-hidden">Close</span> <svg class="menu__close-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="25" viewBox="0 0 25 25"> <polygon fill="#000127" fill-rule="evenodd" points="40.712 455.057 51.114 465.459 49.459 467.114 39.057 456.712 28.655 467.112 27 465.457 37.402 455.057 27.002 444.655 28.658 443 39.057 453.402 49.459 443 51.114 444.655" transform="translate(-27 -443)" /> </svg> </button> </div> </div> <header class="header-condensed header-condensed--article"> <div class="menu__wrapper"> <div class="menu__content"> <button class="search-bar__open js-search-bar-toggle" name="Searchbar Toggle" title="Search"> <span class="visually-hidden">Open Search 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class="article__subhead"> Ronald G. Collman talks about the current state of AIDS care, work with the City of Philadelphia, and how the Center is supporting collaborations across campus. </h2> </div> </section> </div> <div class="article__content-wrapper"> <div class="article__featured-img"> <figure class="img-container img-container--full-width"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2024-11/AIDS-research-teaser-social.jpg" alt="Four people in front of National AIDS Memorial Quilt." /> <figcaption class="caption"> Penn researchers affiliated with the Penn Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) attended AIDS Walk Philly in October 2024. Pictured with the National AIDS Memorial Quilt are Deratu Ahmed, a first-year epidemiology doctoral student studying pharmacogenetics related to HIV and tuberculosis in Botswana; Dominique Medaglio, a fourth-year epidemiology doctoral student studying ways to encourage smoking cessation for people with HIV in the United States; CFAR co-director Robert Gross, professor of medicine and epidemiology in the Division of Infectious Diseases at Penn Medicine; and CFAR director Ronald Collman, professor of medicine and microbiology. (Image: Courtesy of Ronald G. Collman) </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="article__content"> <section class="article__body"> <p class="p1">Since its establishment in 1999, the <a href="https://www.med.upenn.edu/cfar/"><span class="s1">Penn Center for AIDS Research</span></a> (CFAR) has grown to include more than 150 affiliated faculty from the <a href="https://www.upenn.edu/"><span class="s1">University of Pennsylvania</span></a>, <a href="https://www.chop.edu/"><span class="s1">Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia</span></a>, and <a href="https://www.wistar.org/"><span class="s1">Wistar Institute</span></a>, including researchers from nine of Penn’s 12 schools.</p><p class="p1"><a href="https://www.med.upenn.edu/"><span class="s1">Perelman School of Medicine</span></a> Professor Ronald G. Collman became director of the CFAR nine years ago and is now heading the Center with co-director <a href="https://www.med.upenn.edu/cfar/people/robert-gross-m-d/"><span class="s1">Robert Gross</span></a><span class="s1">,</span> executive director <a href="https://www.med.upenn.edu/cfar/people/kate-gordon-mfa/"><span class="s1">Kate Gordon</span></a><span class="s1">, </span>and Kathleen Brady of the Philadelphia Department of Public Health. “One of my major missions was to keep our basic science research really robust but then grow new areas,” says Collman, whose background is in virology.</p><p class="p1">CFAR builds bridges across campus and across research groups to catalyze new research projects. The Center is leading the way on research in one of the great challenges of our time as outlined in the University’s strategic framework, <a href="https://in-principle-and-practice.upenn.edu/"><span class="s1">In Principle and Practice</span></a>. It provides support to research in <a href="https://www.med.upenn.edu/cfar/cores/"><span class="s1">multiple cores</span></a>: Clinical, Virus and Reservoirs, Molecular and Translational Immunotechnology, Community Research and Engagement, Biostatistics and Data Science, Implementation Science, and International, along with a Developmental Core that provides pilot funding and mentorship.</p><p class="p1">Collman is trying to dispel the false notion he says a lot of people have that “AIDS is over.” While pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can keep people at risk of HIV exposure from acquiring the virus and while antiretroviral therapy (ART) has saved millions of lives worldwide, there is still work to be done, he says.</p><p class="p1">Ahead of World AIDS Day on Dec. 1, Collman spoke to <em>Penn Today</em> about the Center’s projects, accomplishments, and community collaborations.</p><div data-entity-type="components" data-entity-uuid="e659f594-81bd-43e6-8c18-25b642fcfd4a" data-embed-button="q_a" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:components.full" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]" class="embedded-entity"> <div class="eck-entity"> <p class="article__q-a__question"><span class="article__q-a__question-text">Can you talk a bit about the overall state of AIDS research and care in the U.S. today, whether that’s gene therapy approaches, PrEP access, or progress toward transmission goals?</span></p> <p class="article__q-a__answer"><span class="article__q-a__answer-text"></span></p><p class="p1">We do have great drugs, but in the U.S., we have about 1.2 million people living with HIV and we still have about 32,000 new infections a year. Of the people living with HIV, only two-thirds of them are virologically suppressed with drugs, mostly because of social and structural issues that impede people’s ability to engage and remain in care. Some people still don’t know their status, and many people have challenges of mental health, substance use, poverty, housing instability, and similar issues.</p><p class="p1">And even for the two-thirds of people who are virologically suppressed, it’s not like not having HIV. They have increased rates of what we consider diseases of aging: cardiovascular disease, neurocognitive decline, bone disease, frailty, kidney failure, liver failure. It’s getting better, but they still have a shorter lifespan, which we need to better understand. For prevention, oral PrEP works great except for the fact that it is only getting to a small fraction of the people who are at risk, and people often don’t take it consistently.</p><p class="p1">Two big areas of focus in the field are on trying to develop a vaccine to prevent infection and to develop a cure for those living with the virus. This research is really important to move the HIV/AIDS mission forward, but it has had incredible collateral impact also. I’ll give you two examples at Penn. <a href="https://www.med.upenn.edu/cci/junelab/"><span class="s1">Carl June</span></a> came to Penn 25 years ago as an AIDS researcher. He developed his program of expanding T cells in vitro and then reinfusing them into patients to try to achieve an HIV cure. He developed the approaches that he then applied to cancer. <a href="https://www.med.upenn.edu/apps/faculty/index.php/g275/p20322"><span class="s1">Drew Weissman</span></a> came to Penn as an AIDS investigator and his first papers reporting modified RNA vaccines were all about an HIV vaccine.</p><p class="p1">Basic science AIDS research remans a great strength here, and some of the most exciting progress in the HIV vaccine field is being done by Penn CFAR investigators, as well as work that we hope will ultimately lead to a cure. Some people may perceive AIDS research to be sort of a niche, but it’s not. It gave rise to cell-based therapy, it gave rise to mRNA vaccines, it has led to a huge explosion of what we know in immunology, and it has had substantial impact at Penn and worldwide.</p> <p class="article__q-a__question"><span class="article__q-a__question-text">What is the state of HIV transmission in Philadelphia, and what is Penn CFAR is doing to help address gaps in care?</span></p> <p class="article__q-a__answer"><span class="article__q-a__answer-text"></span></p><p class="p1">In the Philadelphia region, we have about 30,000 people living with HIV, 20,000 in the city itself. Within the city alone, there are about 400 new identified infections per year, and so much of what the CFAR is doing is working on implementation science and PrEP.</p><p class="p1">We have formed a really <a href="https://www.med.upenn.edu/cfar/cfar-philadelphia-department-of-health-collaborative/#:~:text=The%20Philadelphia%20Department%20of,in%20Philadelphia%20and%20the%20region."><span class="s1">tight partnership</span></a> with the <a href="https://www.phila.gov/departments/department-of-public-health/"><span class="s1">Philadelphia Department of Public Health</span></a>. We’ve tried to use the CFAR as a vehicle to leverage all this great academic expertise of the University of Pennsylvania to do research that can fill the knowledge gaps that the Department of Public Health needs to improve its implementation programs. Kathleen Brady, the director of HIV health at the Department of Public Health, is a co-leader of the CFAR and helps make sure that our work aligns with PDPH needs and that PDPH and CFAR work in partnership.</p><p class="p1">For example, the Department of Public Health spends about $10 million a year on medical case management for people living with HIV, and medical case management is to try and make sure that people stay in care. But how do you know whether you’re keeping people in care who otherwise would not be in care or are providing services for people who would still be in care anyway? It turns out that the dean of the <a href="https://sp2.upenn.edu/"><span class="s1">School of Social Policy & Practice</span></a>, <a href="https://sp2.upenn.edu/person/sara-s-bachman/"><span class="s1">Sara Bachman</span></a>, is an expert in studying medical case management systems. She is leading a project to study the Department of Public Health medical case management system and figure out if it is accomplishing what wouldn’t happen otherwise.</p><p class="p1">Another example is the Department of Public Health is about to launch a program for extended transitional housing for people with housing instability living with HIV. When somebody doesn’t have a place to live, taking their HIV meds may not be very high on their priority list. We have funded three projects that will be built into the program to figure out: Is this doing what the goal is to improve HIV care?</p> <p class="article__q-a__question"><span class="article__q-a__question-text">You mentioned the School of Social Policy & Practice. What other schools are doing work with the CFAR?</span></p> <p class="article__q-a__answer"><span class="article__q-a__answer-text"></span></p><p class="p1"><a href="https://www.nursing.upenn.edu/live/profiles/67-antonia-villarruel"><span class="s1">Antonia Villarruel</span></a>, the dean of the <a href="https://www.nursing.upenn.edu/"><span class="s1">School of Nursing</span></a>, was at Penn as a brand-new young investigator and one of her first grants was a pilot grant from the CFAR. That helped her gain traction in studying HIV in the Latino community. She went to the University of Michigan but came back as dean. Nursing is one of our biggest collaborators. <a href="https://www.nursing.upenn.edu/live/profiles/111-jose-bauermeister"><span class="s1">José Bauermeister</span></a>, who also runs the <a href="https://penneidos.org/"><span class="s1">Eidos LGBTQ+ Health Initiative</span></a>, is an important HIV investigator, and Nursing has multiple super investigators.</p><p class="p1">We have a new program that is based in part in the <a href="https://www.asc.upenn.edu/"><span class="s1">Annenberg School for Communication</span></a>. [Penn Integrates Knowledge] Professor <a href="https://www.asc.upenn.edu/people/faculty/dolores-albarracin-phd"><span class="s1">Dolores Albarracín</span></a> along with her colleague <a href="https://www.asc.upenn.edu/people/faculty/bita-fayaz-farkhad-phd"><span class="s1">Bita Fayaz-Farkhad</span></a> and <a href="https://dbei.med.upenn.edu/staff/john-h-holmes-phd-face-facmi-fiahsi/"><span class="s1">John Holmes</span></a> from the <a href="https://dbei.med.upenn.edu/"><span class="s1">Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics</span></a> are leading a new initiative we’re putting funds toward called the <a href="https://www.med.upenn.edu/cfar/hiv-communication-and-policy/"><span class="s1">HIV Communication & Policy Scientific Working Group</span></a>. It’s to try to understand how communication and policies around HIV affect HIV incidence, prevalence, and engagement in care.</p><p class="p1">We have had a program in the <a href="https://www.dental.upenn.edu/"><span class="s1">School of Dental Medicine</span></a> for a long time. Our program in the Dental School has interestingly been neurocognitive AIDS, led by <a href="https://www.dental.upenn.edu/faculty/kelly-l-jordan-sciutto/"><span class="s1">Kelly L. Jordan-Sciutto</span></a>, though now we have a program on HIV and oral health. We have had collaborations with the <a href="https://www.vet.upenn.edu/"><span class="s1">School of Veterinary Medicine</span></a>, and they have a recently recruited faculty member, <a href="https://www.vet.upenn.edu/people/faculty-clinician-search/MICHAELHOGAN"><span class="s1">Michael J. Hogan</span></a>, working on HIV-related issues. There are multiple investigators in the School of Engineering and Applied Science addressing areas of importance for HIV/AIDS, particularly novel diagnostic devices.</p><p class="p1">One of the highest-risk time periods for falling out of care and discontinuing ART is when people leave prison or jail, and so we have this group that will try to understand and improve post-incarceration HIV care. It includes investigators from Social Policy & Practice, the <a href="https://sociology.sas.upenn.edu/"><span class="s1">Department of Sociology</span></a> in the <a href="https://www.sas.upenn.edu/"><span class="s1">School of Arts & Sciences,</span></a> and the Perelman School of Medicine.</p> <p class="article__q-a__question"><span class="article__q-a__question-text">The Center was just funded by the National Institutes of Health at $14.7 million for 2024-29. Can you talk about the NIH partnership and what that allows you to do?</span></p> <p class="article__q-a__answer"><span class="article__q-a__answer-text"></span></p><p class="p1">The bulk of our money goes to cores that provide research services and to funding pilot projects. We focus either on young investigators to help them get traction in AIDS research and launch their careers or established investigators who don’t work in AIDS fields but whose scientific domain could and should be applied to AIDS-related questions. One of the most exciting things for me is that we have an incredibly talented group of emerging investigators across the spectrum of AIDS research topics, from basic science to prevention to implementation science, that the CFAR has helped establish and will be the next generation that hopefully puts this field out of business.</p><p class="p1">The Perelman School of Medicine has been very supportive—<a href="https://president.upenn.edu/meet-president"><span class="s1">J. Larry Jameson</span></a>, when he was dean, and now <a href="https://www.med.upenn.edu/evpdean/epstein.html"><span class="s1">Jon Epstein</span></a>. They provide substantial additional funding beyond what the NIH is able to provide to us, and it’s incredibly important. They provide a lot of our educational activities. They have augmented the funds for our scientific working groups and augmented our funding for our <a href="https://www.med.upenn.edu/cfar/cfar-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-pipeline-initiative-cdeipi/"><span class="s1">diversity pipeline initiative</span></a>, so we’re really fortunate and appreciative of the School of Medicine support.</p> </div> </div> </section> <aside class="article__authors"> <div class="author-credits"> <div class="author-credits__section"> <dt class="author-credits__dt"> <h4 class="author-credits__h">Credits</h4> </dt> <dl class="author-credits__dl"> <ul class="author-credits__list"> <li class="author-credits__list-item"> <span class="author-credits__text"> <a class="author-credits__link" href="/people/erica-moser">Erica Moser</a> </span> <span class="author-credits__title">Writer</span> </li> </ul> </dl> </div> <div class="author-credits__section"> <dt class="author-credits__dt"> <h4 class="author-credits__h">Date</h4> </dt> <dl class="author-credits__dl"> <span class="author-credits__text"> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2024-11-26T12:00:00Z">November 26, 2024</time> </div> </div></span> </dl> </div> <div class="author-credits__section"> <dt class="author-credits__dt"> <h4 class="author-credits__h">Subtopics</h4> </dt> <dl class="author-credits__dl"> <ul class="article__topics-list"> <li class="article__topics-list-item"> <a href="/subtopic/research" class="article__topics-link">Research</a>, </li> <li class="article__topics-list-item"> <a href="/subtopic/infectious-diseases" class="article__topics-link">Infectious Diseases</a>, </li> <li class="article__topics-list-item"> <a href="/subtopic/faculty" class="article__topics-link">Faculty</a>, </li> <li class="article__topics-list-item"> <a href="/subtopic/inventive-university" class="article__topics-link">The Inventive University</a>, </li> <li class="article__topics-list-item"> <a 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