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Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission – Wikipedia

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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:SLMM_car_in_Mullaitivu_Sri_Lanka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/SLMM_car_in_Mullaitivu_Sri_Lanka.jpg/300px-SLMM_car_in_Mullaitivu_Sri_Lanka.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/SLMM_car_in_Mullaitivu_Sri_Lanka.jpg/450px-SLMM_car_in_Mullaitivu_Sri_Lanka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/SLMM_car_in_Mullaitivu_Sri_Lanka.jpg/600px-SLMM_car_in_Mullaitivu_Sri_Lanka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>To sivile monitorer fra SLMM og deres bil i Mullaitivu, base for <a href="/wiki/Sea_Tigers" title="Sea Tigers">Sea Tigers</a>, nordøst på Sri Lanka <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23957101">.mw-parser-output .byline{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .byline .hidden{display:none}</style><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Ulf Larsen </div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission</b> (SLMM) var en internasjonal observatørgruppe som overvåket våpenhvileavtalen mellom regjeringen i <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tamiltigrene" title="Tamiltigrene">Tamiltigrene</a> (LTTE) mellom 2002 og 2008. Gruppen var sammensatt av sivile observatører fra <a href="/wiki/Norden" title="Norden">de nordiske land</a> og ledet av <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Totalt var 322 internasjonale observatører engasjert i gruppen, som ble oppløst 2. januar 2008 da våpenhvilen brøt sammen og gruppens mandat forsvant.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opprettelsen">Opprettelsen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lanka_Monitoring_Mission&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Opprettelsen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lanka_Monitoring_Mission&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Opprettelsen"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Med mandat fra våpenhvileavtalen (CFA – Cease Fire Agreement) signert av Sri Lankas regjering og Tamiltigrene, ble SLMM etablert den 22. februar 2002 for å arbeide for kommunikasjon mellom de to partene, og overvåke hvorvidt de overholdt punktene i fredsavtalen. </p><p>SLMM hadde sitt hovedkvarter i Sri Lankas hovedstad <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a> og hadde innledningsvis seks distrikskontorer i nord og øst: Mannar, Jaffna, Trincomalee, Batticaloa, Ampara og Vavuniya. Observatørstyrken hadde også et liaisonkontor ved <a href="/wiki/LTTE" class="mw-redirect" title="LTTE">LTTEs</a> hovedkontor i <a href="/wiki/Kilinochchi" title="Kilinochchi">Kilinochchi</a>. SLMM hadde to grupper for overvåking av havområdene og kysten, men disse ble nedlagt tidlig i 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritikk_av_mandatet">Kritikk av mandatet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lanka_Monitoring_Mission&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kritikk av mandatet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lanka_Monitoring_Mission&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kritikk av mandatet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission fikk kritikk fra flere hold. Fra singalesisk side ble SLMM anklaget for å ta «med silkehansker» på brudd på våpenhvileavtalen fra LTTE. Fra menneskerettighetsorganisasjoner som <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> og <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> ble SLMM beskyldt for å ignorere begge parters brudd på menneskerettigheter. Etter Karunafraksjonens brudd med LTTE ble SLMM kritisert av LTTE for å ikke ta opp regjeringsstyrkenes angivelige støtte til Karunas styrker. SLMM ble også kritisert for å ikke ha mulighet til å sette makt bak sine avgjørelser. </p><p>SLMMs syn var at deler av kritikken kunne tilskrives partene i konflikten. SLMM var ikke en fredsbevarende styrke og hadde ikke mandat til å gripe inn i konflikter selv. SLMM hevdet at det er partene som «eier» våpenhvilen, og som må ta ansvar for sine handlinger. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Avviklingen">Avviklingen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lanka_Monitoring_Mission&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Avviklingen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lanka_Monitoring_Mission&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Avviklingen"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>LTTE ble av <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a> den 29. mai 2006 listet som en organisasjon som var involvert i terror, reaksjonen fra LTTE var å kreve at de SLMM-observatører som kom fra EU-land måtte trekke seg ut innen utgangen av august. SLMM avviklet da bemanningen i Mannar og Ampara. Fra 1. september 2006 ble den norske generalmajor <a href="/wiki/Lars_S%C3%B8lvberg" title="Lars Sølvberg">Lars Johan Sølvberg</a> ny sjef for SLMMs om lag 20 monitorer fra Island og Norge. På grunn av vanskelige sikkerhetsforhold trakk SLMM seg tilbake til hovedstaden Colombo tidlig i 2007, men grupperte medio 2007 ut igjen til de opprinnelige områdene. Denne gang organisert rundt to regioner, Nord og Øst. Våpenhvileavtalen ble formelt sagt opp av regjeringen i <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> den <a href="/wiki/2._januar" title="2. januar">2. januar</a> 2008 og med de 14 dagers varsel som avtalen fastsatte, opphørte SLMM å eksistere mvf <a href="/wiki/16._januar" title="16. januar">16. januar</a> 2008 og hovedstyrken forlot Sri Lanka. Et mindre antall logistikkpersonell ble værende igjen for å foreta den administrative avvikling av misjonen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lanka_Monitoring_Mission&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lanka_Monitoring_Mission&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/ud/aktuelt/nyheter/2011/erfaring-fra-fredsprosessen-i-sri-lanka.html?id=651717">«Erfaringer fra fredsprosessen i Sri Lanka»</a>. Utenriksdepartementet. 21. juli 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lanka+Monitoring+Mission&amp;rft.btitle=Erfaringer+fra+fredsprosessen+i+Sri+Lanka&amp;rft.date=2011-07-21&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Utenriksdepartementet&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regjeringen.no%2Fnb%2Fdep%2Fud%2Faktuelt%2Fnyheter%2F2011%2Ferfaring-fra-fredsprosessen-i-sri-lanka.html%3Fid%3D651717&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slmm-history.info/filestore/slmm_report_101029_final.pdf">«The SLMM report»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Utenriksdepartementet. oktober 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ASri+Lanka+Monitoring+Mission&amp;rft.btitle=The+SLMM+report&amp;rft.date=2010-10&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Utenriksdepartementet&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slmm-history.info%2Ffilestore%2Fslmm_report_101029_final.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="&#160;siden august 2017" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:D%C3%B8de_eksterne_lenker" title="Wikipedia:Døde eksterne lenker">død lenke</a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lanka_Monitoring_Mission&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lanka_Monitoring_Mission&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060519052216/http://www.peaceinsrilanka.org/insidepages/Agreement/agceasefire.asp">Våpenhvileavtalen mellom LTTE og regjeringen på Sri Lanka (engelsk)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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