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tests</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: validity of tests"> <meta name="keywords" content="validity of tests"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="validity of tests"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5423</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: validity of tests</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5423</span> Performing Diagnosis in Building with Partially Valid Heterogeneous Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houda%20Najeh">Houda Najeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahendra%20Pratap%20Singh"> Mahendra Pratap Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=St%C3%A9phane%20Ploix"> Stéphane Ploix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antoine%20Caucheteux"> Antoine Caucheteux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20Chabir"> Karim Chabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Naceur%20Abdelkrim"> Mohamed Naceur Abdelkrim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building system is highly vulnerable to different kinds of faults and human misbehaviors. Energy efficiency and user comfort are directly targeted due to abnormalities in building operation. The available fault diagnosis tools and methodologies particularly rely on rules or pure model-based approaches. It is assumed that model or rule-based test could be applied to any situation without taking into account actual testing contexts. Contextual tests with validity domain could reduce a lot of the design of detection tests. The main objective of this paper is to consider fault validity when validate the test model considering the non-modeled events such as occupancy, weather conditions, door and window openings and the integration of the knowledge of the expert on the state of the system. The concept of heterogeneous tests is combined with test validity to generate fault diagnoses. A combination of rules, range and model-based tests known as heterogeneous tests are proposed to reduce the modeling complexity. Calculation of logical diagnoses coming from artificial intelligence provides a global explanation consistent with the test result. An application example shows the efficiency of the proposed technique: an office setting at Grenoble Institute of Technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20tests" title="heterogeneous tests">heterogeneous tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20system" title=" building system"> building system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20grids" title=" sensor grids"> sensor grids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20fault" title=" sensor fault"> sensor fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection%20and%20isolation" title=" fault detection and isolation"> fault detection and isolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100728/performing-diagnosis-in-building-with-partially-valid-heterogeneous-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5422</span> Psychological Testing in Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Validity and Reliability of Psychological Assessments in the Workplace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20C.%20Monney">Melissa C. Monney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Psychological testing has been of interest to researchers for many years as useful tools in assessing and diagnosing various disorders as well as to assist in understanding human behavior. However, for over 20 years now, researchers and laypersons alike have been interested in using them for other purposes, such as determining factors in employee selection, promotion, and even termination. In recent years, psychological assessments have been useful in facilitating workplace decision processing, regarding employee circulation within organizations. This literature review explores four of the most commonly used psychological tests in workplace environments, namely cognitive ability, emotional intelligence, integrity, and personality tests, as organizations have used these tests to assess different factors of human behavior as predictive measures of future employee behaviors. The findings suggest that while there is much controversy and debate regarding the validity and reliability of these tests in workplace settings as they were not originally designed for these purposes, the use of such assessments in the workplace has been useful in decreasing costs and employee turnover as well as increase job satisfaction by ensuring the right employees are selected for their roles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20ability" title="cognitive ability">cognitive ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality%20testing" title=" personality testing"> personality testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20validity" title=" predictive validity"> predictive validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace%20behavior" title=" workplace behavior"> workplace behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55662/psychological-testing-in-industrialorganizational-psychology-validity-and-reliability-of-psychological-assessments-in-the-workplace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5421</span> Internal and External Validity in Experimental Economics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20Chytilova">Helena Chytilova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20Maialeh"> Robin Maialeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experimental economics is subject to criticism with regards to frequently discussed trade-off between internal and external validity requirements, which seems to be critically flawed. Incompatibility of trade-off condition and condition of internal validity as a prerequisite for external validity is presented. In addition, the imprecise concept of artificiality found to be rather improving external validity, seems to strengthen illusory status of external versus internal validity tension. Internal validity will be further analysed with regards to Duhem-Quine problem, where unpredictability argument is significantly weakened trough application of inductivism within the illustrative hypothetical-deductive model. Discussion outlined above partially weakens critical arguments related to robustness of results in experimental economics, if perfectly controlled experimental environment is secured. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duhem-Quine%20problem" title="Duhem-Quine problem">Duhem-Quine problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20validity" title=" external validity"> external validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inductivism" title=" inductivism"> inductivism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20validity" title=" internal validity"> internal validity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31128/internal-and-external-validity-in-experimental-economics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5420</span> Validity and Reliability of Communication Activities of Daily Living- Second Edition and Assessment of Language-related Functional Activities: Comparative Evidence from Arab Aphasics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadeq%20Al%20Yaari">Sadeq Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20Al%20Yaari"> Ayman Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adham%20Al%20Yaari"> Adham Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montaha%20Al%20Yaari"> Montaha Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aayah%20Al%20Yaari"> Aayah Al Yaari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajedah%20Al%20Yaari"> Sajedah Al Yaari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Validation of communication activities of daily living-second edition (CADL-2) and assessment of language-related functional activities (ALFA) tests is a critical investment decision, and activities related to language impairments often are underestimated. Literature indicates that age factors, and gender differences may affect the performance of the aphasics. Thus, understanding these influential factors is highly important to neuropsycholinguists and speech language pathologists (SLPs). Purpose: The goal of this study is twofold: (1) to in/validate CADL-2 and ALFA tests, and (2) to investigate whether or not the two assessment tests are reliable. Design: A comparative study is made between the results obtained from the analyses of the Arabic versions of CADL-2 and ALFA tests. Participants: The communication activities of daily-living and language-related functional activities were assessed from the obtained results of 100 adult aphasics (50 males, 50 females; ages 16 to 65). Procedures: Firstly, the two translated and standardized Arabic versions of CADL-2 and ALFA tests were introduced to the Arab aphasics under investigation. Armed with the new two versions of the tests, one of the researchers assessed the language-related functional communication and activities. Outcomes drawn from the obtained analysis of the comparative studies were then qualitatively and statistically analyzed. Main outcomes and Results: Regarding the validity of CADL-2 and ALFA, it is found that …. Is more valid in both pre-and posttests. Concerning the reliability of the two tests, it is found that ….is more reliable in both pre-and-posttests which undoubtedly means that …..is more trustable. Nor must we forget to indicate here that the relationship between age and gender was very weak due to that no remarkable gender differences between the two in both CADL-2 and ALFA pre-and-posttests. Conclusions & Implications: CADL-2 and ALFA tests were found to be valid and reliable tests. In contrast to previous studies, age and gender were not significantly associated with the results of validity and reliability of the two assessment tests. In clearer terms, age and gender patterns do not affect the validation of these two tests. Future studies might focus on complex questions including the use of CADL-2 and ALFA functionally; how gender and puberty influence the results in case the sample is large; the effects of each type of aphasia on the final outcomes, and measurements’ results of imaging techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CADL-2" title="CADL-2">CADL-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ALFA" title=" ALFA"> ALFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison" title=" comparison"> comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20test" title=" language test"> language test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arab%20aphasics" title=" arab aphasics"> arab aphasics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuropsycholinguistics" title=" neuropsycholinguistics"> neuropsycholinguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison" title=" comparison"> comparison</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187015/validity-and-reliability-of-communication-activities-of-daily-living-second-edition-and-assessment-of-language-related-functional-activities-comparative-evidence-from-arab-aphasics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">37</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5419</span> Validity Study of The Zimbardo’s Stanford Time Perspective Inventory in Indonesia Students Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anggi%20Permana">Anggi Permana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahrah%20Nabila%20Putri"> Zahrah Nabila Putri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anisa%20Dwi%20Arifani"> Anisa Dwi Arifani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veany%20Aprillia"> Veany Aprillia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to evaluate the validity of Zimbardo’s Stanford Time Perspective Inventory (STPI) in Indonesian context. The model of validity used in this study is the criterion-based validity, in which the associated variables are depression and subjective well-being (SWB). BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) was used to measure depression, while PANAS (Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale) and SWLS (Satisfaction with Life Scale) were used to measure subjective well-being. The analysis showed that STPI variables are closely related to STPI Dimension, Present Hedonistic showed pro validity to SWB, Future indicated contra validity to SWB, and Present Fatalistic revealed contra validity to depression and pro validity to SWB. The subjects of this research are from the same university. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BDI" title="BDI">BDI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PANAS" title=" PANAS"> PANAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STPI" title=" STPI"> STPI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subjective%20well-being" title=" subjective well-being"> subjective well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWLS" title=" SWLS"> SWLS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54372/validity-study-of-the-zimbardos-stanford-time-perspective-inventory-in-indonesia-students-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5418</span> Developing of Attitude towards Using Complementary Treatments Scale in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ay%C5%9Feg%C3%BCl%20Bilge">Ayşegül Bilge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merve%20U%C4%9Furyol"> Merve Uğuryol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9Eeyda%20D%C3%BClgerler"> Şeyda Dülgerler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z"> Mustafa Yıldız</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to prove the Attitude towards Using Complementary Treatments Scale reliability and validity. The research is a methodological type of research that has been planned to determine the validity and reliability of the Attitude towards Using Complementary Treatments Scale. The scale has been developed by the researchers. In the scale, there are 23 questions including complementary and modern therapies individuals apply when they have health problems 4-item Likert-type evaluation has been carried out in preparing the questionnaire. High score obtained from the scale indicates a positive attitude towards complementary therapies. In the course of validity assessment of the scale, expert opinion has been received, and the content validity of the scale has been determined by using Kendall coefficient correlation test (Wa=0.200, p = 0.460). In the course of the reliability assessment of the scale, total score correlations of 23 materials have been examined, and those under 0.20 correlation limit has been removed from the scale correlation. As a result, the scale was left to be 13 items. In the internal consistency tests of the analyses, Cronbach's alpha value has been found to be 0.79. As a result, of the validity analyses of the Attitude towards Using Complementary Treatments Scale, the content and language validity analyses has been found to be at the expected level. It has been determined to be a highly reliable scale as the result of the reliability analyses. In conclusion, Attitude towards Using Complementary Treatments Scale is a valid and reliable scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20health%20care" title="alternative health care">alternative health care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complementary%20treatment" title=" complementary treatment"> complementary treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrument%20development" title=" instrument development"> instrument development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing%20practice" title=" nursing practice"> nursing practice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48134/developing-of-attitude-towards-using-complementary-treatments-scale-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5417</span> Wally Feelings Test: Validity and Reliability Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%B6khan%20Kayili">Gökhan Kayili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramazan%20Ari"> Ramazan Ari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, it is aimed to be adapted Wally Feelings Test to Turkish children and performed the reliability and validity analysis of the test. The sampling of the research was composed of three to five year-old 699 Turkish preschoolers who are attending official and private nursery school. The schools selected with simple random sampling method by considering different socio economic conditions and different central district in Konya. In order to determine reliability of Wally Feelings Test, internal consistency coefficients (KR-20), split-half reliability and test- retest reliability analysis have been performed. During validation process construct validity, content/scope validity and concurrent/criterion validity were used. When validity and reliability of the test examined, it is seen that Wally Feelings Test is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate three to five year old Turkish children’s understanding feeling skills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title="reliability">reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wally%20feelings%20test" title=" wally feelings test"> wally feelings test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sciences" title=" social sciences"> social sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19350/wally-feelings-test-validity-and-reliability-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19350.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5416</span> The Role of Validity and Reliability in the Development of Online Testing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ani%20Demetrashvili">Ani Demetrashvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to show how students trust online tests and determine validity and reliability in the development of online testing. The pandemic situation changed every field in the world, and it changed education as well. Educational institutions moved into the online space, which was the only decision they were able to make at that time. Online assessment through online proctoring was a totally new challenge for educational institutions, and they needed to deal with it successfully. Participants were chosen from the English language center. The validity of the questionnaire was identified according to the Likert scale and Cronbach’s alpha; later, data from the participants was analyzed as well. The article summarizes literature that is available about online assessment and is interesting for people who are interested in this kind of assessment. Based on the research findings, students favor in-person testing over online assessment due to their lack of experience and skills in the latter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20assessment" title="online assessment">online assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20proctoring" title=" online proctoring"> online proctoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187376/the-role-of-validity-and-reliability-in-the-development-of-online-testing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5415</span> The Appropriate Number of Test Items That a Classroom-Based Reading Assessment Should Include: A Generalizability Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jui-Teng%20Liao">Jui-Teng Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The selected-response (SR) format has been commonly adopted to assess academic reading in both formal and informal testing (i.e., standardized assessment and classroom assessment) because of its strengths in content validity, construct validity, as well as scoring objectivity and efficiency. When developing a second language (L2) reading test, researchers indicate that the longer the test (e.g., more test items) is, the higher reliability and validity the test is likely to produce. However, previous studies have not provided specific guidelines regarding the optimal length of a test or the most suitable number of test items or reading passages. Additionally, reading tests often include different question types (e.g., factual, vocabulary, inferential) that require varying degrees of reading comprehension and cognitive processes. Therefore, it is important to investigate the impact of question types on the number of items in relation to the score reliability of L2 reading tests. Given the popularity of the SR question format and its impact on assessment results on teaching and learning, it is necessary to investigate the degree to which such a question format can reliably measure learners’ L2 reading comprehension. The present study, therefore, adopted the generalizability (G) theory to investigate the score reliability of the SR format in L2 reading tests focusing on how many test items a reading test should include. Specifically, this study aimed to investigate the interaction between question types and the number of items, providing insights into the appropriate item count for different types of questions. G theory is a comprehensive statistical framework used for estimating the score reliability of tests and validating their results. Data were collected from 108 English as a second language student who completed an English reading test comprising factual, vocabulary, and inferential questions in the SR format. The computer program mGENOVA was utilized to analyze the data using multivariate designs (i.e., scenarios). Based on the results of G theory analyses, the findings indicated that the number of test items had a critical impact on the score reliability of an L2 reading test. Furthermore, the findings revealed that different types of reading questions required varying numbers of test items for reliable assessment of learners’ L2 reading proficiency. Further implications for teaching practice and classroom-based assessments are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20reading%20assessment" title="second language reading assessment">second language reading assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity%20and%20reliability" title=" validity and reliability"> validity and reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Generalizability%20theory" title=" Generalizability theory"> Generalizability theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Academic%20reading" title=" Academic reading"> Academic reading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Question%20format" title=" Question format"> Question format</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168914/the-appropriate-number-of-test-items-that-a-classroom-based-reading-assessment-should-include-a-generalizability-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5414</span> Development of Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire for Diabetes Management in Thailand and Lao People Democratic Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phoutsathaphone%20Sibounheuang">Phoutsathaphone Sibounheuang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phayom%20Sookaneknun%20Olson"> Phayom Sookaneknun Olson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanuttha%20Ploylearmsang"> Chanuttha Ploylearmsang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santiparp%20Sookaneknun"> Santiparp Sookaneknun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanthanom%20Manithip"> Chanthanom Manithip</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Patient satisfaction is an outcome that can be measured and used to improve diabetes care and management. There are limited instruments for assessing patient satisfaction covering the whole process of diabetes management. In this study, the questionnaire was developed with items pooled from a systematic review of qualitative studies of patients’ and healthcare providers’ perspectives in diabetes management. The questionnaire consists of 11 domains with 45 items. The Thai version was translated to Lao and then checked by back-translating it into Thai. We tested the questionnaire on 150 diabetes patients in Thailand and 150 in Lao People Democratic Republic (PDR). Validity was performed by factor analysis and Pearson correlation. Internal consistency reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach’s alpha. The study was approved by the Mahasarakham University Ethics Committee, and the National Ethics Committee for Health Research, Lao PDR. The Thai and Lao versions showed the construct validity by principal component analysis. This consisted of 11 domains which account for 71.23% of the variance (Thai version) and 71.66% of the variance (Lao version) in the total patient satisfaction scores. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measures were 0.85 for the Thai version and 0.75 for the Lao version. The Bartlett tests of sphericity of both versions were significant (p < 0.001). The factor loadings of all items in both versions were > 0.40. The convergent validity of the Thai and Lao versions was 93.63% and 79.54% respectively. The discriminant validity for the Thai and Lao versions was 92.68% and 88.68% respectively. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.95 in both versions. The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) in both versions had acceptable properties. This study has yielded evidence supporting the validity and reliability of both versions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construct%20validity" title="construct validity">construct validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20management" title=" diabetes management"> diabetes management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20satisfaction" title=" patient satisfaction"> patient satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire%20development" title=" questionnaire development"> questionnaire development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110667/development-of-patient-satisfaction-questionnaire-for-diabetes-management-in-thailand-and-lao-people-democratic-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5413</span> Early Identification and Early Intervention: Pre and Post Diagnostic Tests in Mathematics Courses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kailash%20Ghimire">Kailash Ghimire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20Thapa"> Manoj Thapa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on early identification of deficiencies in pre-required areas of students who are enrolled in College Algebra and Calculus I classes. The students were given pre-diagnostic tests on the first day of the class before they are provided with the syllabus. The tests consist of prerequisite, uniform and advanced content outlined by the University System of Georgia (USG). The results show that 48% of students in College Algebra are lacking prerequisite skills while 52% of Calculus I students are lacking prerequisite skills but, interestingly these students are prior exposed to uniform content and advanced content. The study is still in progress and this paper contains the outcome from Fall 2017 and Spring 2018. In this paper, early intervention used in these classes: two days vs three days meeting a week and students’ self-assessment using exam wrappers and their effectiveness on students’ learning will also be discussed. A result of this study shows that there is an improvement on Drop, Fail and Withdraw (DFW) rates by 7%-10% compared to those in previous semesters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20at%20risk" title="student at risk">student at risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostic%20tests" title=" diagnostic tests"> diagnostic tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification" title=" identification"> identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervention" title=" intervention"> intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normalization%20gain" title=" normalization gain"> normalization gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity%20of%20tests" title=" validity of tests"> validity of tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95619/early-identification-and-early-intervention-pre-and-post-diagnostic-tests-in-mathematics-courses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5412</span> Development and Optimization of German Diagnostical Tests in Mathematics for Vocational Training</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Thiele">J. Thiele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teachers working at vocational Colleges are often confronted with the problem, that many students graduated from different schools and therefore each had a different education. Especially in mathematics many students lack fundamentals or had different priorities at their previous schools. Furthermore, these vocational Colleges have to provide Graduations for many different working-fields, with different core themes. The Colleges are interested in measuring the different Education levels of their students and providing assistance for those who need to catch up. The Project mathe-meistern was initiated to remedy this problem at vocational Colleges. For this purpose, online-tests were developed. The aim of these tests is to evaluate basic mathematical abilities of the students. The tests are online Multiple-Choice-Tests with a total of 65 Items. They are accessed online with a unique Transaction-Number (TAN) for each participant. The content is divided in several Categories (Arithmetic, Algebra, Fractions, Geometry, etc.). After each test, the student gets a personalized summary depicting their strengths and weaknesses in mathematical Basics. Teachers can visit a special website to examine the results of their classes or single students. In total 5830 students did participate so far. For standardization and optimization purposes the tests are being evaluated, using the classic and probabilistic Test-Theory regarding Objectivity, Reliability and Validity, annually since 2015. This Paper is about the Optimization process considering the Rasch-scaling and Standardization of the tests. Additionally, current results using standardized tests will be discussed. To achieve this Competence levels and Types of errors of students attending vocational Colleges in Nordrheinwestfalen, Germany, were determined, using descriptive Data and Distractorevaluations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostical%20tests%20in%20mathematics" title="diagnostical tests in mathematics">diagnostical tests in mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distractor%20devaluation" title=" distractor devaluation"> distractor devaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test-optimization" title=" test-optimization"> test-optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test-theory" title=" test-theory"> test-theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97362/development-and-optimization-of-german-diagnostical-tests-in-mathematics-for-vocational-training" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5411</span> Translation and Validation of the Thai Version of the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natcha%20Lueangapapong">Natcha Lueangapapong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chariya%20Chuthapisith"> Chariya Chuthapisith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lunliya%20Thampratankul"> Lunliya Thampratankul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: There is a need to find an appropriate tool to help healthcare providers determine sleep problems in children for early diagnosis and management. The Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (JSQ-P) is a parent-reported sleep questionnaire that has good psychometric properties and can be used in the context of Asian culture, which is likely suitable for Thai children. Objectives: This study aimed to translate and validate the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (JSQ-P) into a Thai version and to evaluate factors associated with sleep disorders in preschoolers. Methods: After approval by the original developer, the cross-cultural adaptation process of JSQ-P was performed, including forward translation, reconciliation, backward translation, and final approval of the Thai version of JSQ-P (TH-JSQ-P) by the original creator. This study was conducted between March 2021 and February 2022. The TH-JSQ-P was completed by 2,613 guardians whose children were aged 2-6 years twice in 10-14 days to assess its reliability and validity. Content validity was measured by an index of item-objective congruence (IOC) and a content validity index (CVI). Face validity, content validity, structural validity, construct validity (discriminant validity), criterion validity and predictive validity were assessed. The sensitivity and specificity of the TH-JSQ-P were also measured by using a total JSQ-P score cutoff point 84, recommended by the original JSQ-P and each subscale score among the clinical samples of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Results: Internal consistency reliability, evaluated by Cronbach’s α coefficient, showed acceptable reliability in all subscales of JSQ-P. It also had good test-retest reliability, as the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for all items ranged between 0.42-0.84. The content validity was acceptable. For structural validity, our results indicated that the final factor solution for the Th-JSQ-P was comparable to the original JSQ-P. For construct validity, age group was one of the clinical parameters associated with some sleep problems. In detail, parasomnias, insomnia, daytime excessive sleepiness and sleep habits significantly decreased when the children got older; on the other hand, insufficient sleep was significantly increased with age. For criterion validity, all subscales showed a correlation with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (r = -0.049-0.349). In predictive validity, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was significantly a strong factor that correlated to sleep problems in all subscales of JSQ-P except in the subscale of sleep habit. The sensitivity and specificity of the total JSQ-P score were 0.72 and 0.66, respectively. Conclusion: The Thai version of JSQ-P has good internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. It passed 6 validity tests, and this can be used to evaluate sleep problems in preschool children in Thailand. Furthermore, it has satisfactory general psychometric properties and good reliability and validity. The data collected in examining the sensitivity of the Thai version revealed that the JSQ-P could detect differences in sleep problems among children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. This confirmed that the measure is sensitive and can be used to discriminate sleep problems among different children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschooler" title="preschooler">preschooler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20version" title=" Thai version"> Thai version</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174543/translation-and-validation-of-the-thai-version-of-the-japanese-sleep-questionnaire-for-preschoolers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174543.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5410</span> Developing Critical-Process Skills Integrated Assessment Instrument as Alternative Assessment on Electrolyte Solution Matter in Senior High School</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Rejeki%20Dwi%20Astuti">Sri Rejeki Dwi Astuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suyanta"> Suyanta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The demanding of the asessment in learning process was impact by policy changes. Nowadays, the assessment not only emphasizes knowledge, but also skills and attitude. However, in reality there are many obstacles in measuring them. This paper aimed to describe how to develop instrument of integrated assessment as alternative assessment to measure critical thinking skills and science process skills in electrolyte solution and to describe instrument’s characteristic such as logic validity and construct validity. This instrument development used test development model by McIntire. Development process data was acquired based on development test step and was analyzed by qualitative analysis. Initial product was observed by three peer reviewer and six expert judgment (two subject matter expert, two evaluation expert and two chemistry teacher) to acquire logic validity test. Logic validity test was analyzed using Aiken’s formula. The estimation of construct validity was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis. Result showed that integrated assessment instrument has 0,90 of Aiken’s Value and all item in integrated assessment asserted valid according to construct validity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construct%20validity" title="construct validity">construct validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking%20skills" title=" critical thinking skills"> critical thinking skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20assessment%20instrument" title=" integrated assessment instrument"> integrated assessment instrument</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logic%20validity" title=" logic validity"> logic validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20process%20skills" title=" science process skills"> science process skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52860/developing-critical-process-skills-integrated-assessment-instrument-as-alternative-assessment-on-electrolyte-solution-matter-in-senior-high-school" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5409</span> Assessing the Validity of Human Intention for Action: Exploring Unintentional Actions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fakhrul%20Abedin%20Tanvir">Fakhrul Abedin Tanvir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the validity of human intention for action, specifically focusing on unintentional actions that are unaffected by bias. Through the observation of a substantial number of individuals, estimated to be over 100, we investigate the power of human actions and their corresponding intentions. Given the underlying similarities in general thought processes and intentions among humans, it becomes possible to establish common patterns by observing a significant sample size. While this research provides observational results indicating a one-second validity of human intentions, it is important to note that these findings have not been scientifically proven. Nevertheless, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse by shedding light on participant expressions and experiences, furthering our understanding of human intentionality and action. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20intention" title="human intention">human intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bias" title=" bias"> bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observation" title=" observation"> observation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169070/assessing-the-validity-of-human-intention-for-action-exploring-unintentional-actions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5408</span> Clustering Performance Analysis using New Correlation-Based Cluster Validity Indices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathakhun%20Wiroonsri">Nathakhun Wiroonsri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are various cluster validity measures used for evaluating clustering results. One of the main objectives of using these measures is to seek the optimal unknown number of clusters. Some measures work well for clusters with different densities, sizes and shapes. Yet, one of the weaknesses that those validity measures share is that they sometimes provide only one clear optimal number of clusters. That number is actually unknown and there might be more than one potential sub-optimal option that a user may wish to choose based on different applications. We develop two new cluster validity indices based on a correlation between an actual distance between a pair of data points and a centroid distance of clusters that the two points are located in. Our proposed indices constantly yield several peaks at different numbers of clusters which overcome the weakness previously stated. Furthermore, the introduced correlation can also be used for evaluating the quality of a selected clustering result. Several experiments in different scenarios, including the well-known iris data set and a real-world marketing application, have been conducted to compare the proposed validity indices with several well-known ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering%20algorithm" title="clustering algorithm">clustering algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20validity%20measure" title=" cluster validity measure"> cluster validity measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20partitions" title=" data partitions"> data partitions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iris%20data%20set" title=" iris data set"> iris data set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147709/clustering-performance-analysis-using-new-correlation-based-cluster-validity-indices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5407</span> An Investigation of Final Tests of Translation as Practiced in Iranian Undergraduate English Translation Program: The Instructors' Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Heidari%20Tabrizi">Hossein Heidari Tabrizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azizeh%20Chalak"> Azizeh Chalak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study investigated in depth the way translation teachers design and develop final tests as measures for checking on the quality of students’ academic translation in Iranian context. To achieve this goal, thirty experienced male and female translation teachers from the four types of the universities offering the program were invited to an in-depth 30-minute one-session semi-structured interview. The responses provided showed how much discrepancy exists among the Iranian translation teachers (as developers of final translation tests), who are least informed with the current translation evaluation methods. It was also revealed that the criteria they use for developing such tests and scoring student translations are not theory-driven but are highly subjective, mainly based on their personal experience and intuition. Hence, the quality and accountability of such tests are under serious question. The results also confirmed that the dominant method commonly and currently practiced is the purely essay-type format. To remedy the situation, some suggestions are in order. As part of the solution, to improve the reliability and validity of such tests, the present summative, product-oriented evaluation should be accompanied with some formative, process-oriented methods of evaluation. Training the teachers and helping them get acquainted with modern principles of translation evaluation as well as the existing models, and rating scales does improve the quality of academic translation evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20universities" title="Iranian universities">Iranian universities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20academic%20translations" title=" students’ academic translations"> students’ academic translations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20final%20tests" title=" translation final tests"> translation final tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undergraduate%20translation%20programs" title=" undergraduate translation programs"> undergraduate translation programs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34678/an-investigation-of-final-tests-of-translation-as-practiced-in-iranian-undergraduate-english-translation-program-the-instructors-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5406</span> The Validity of a Literature Review Rubric in the Ecuadorian Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Bola%C3%B1os-Burgos">Francisco Bolaños-Burgos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Cevallos%20Gamboa"> Antonio Cevallos Gamboa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to evaluate the validity of a literature review rubric in the Ecuadorian context at the graduate level. The sample was composed of 73 students of the online and on-site study format in the years 2015-2016. The instrument has 20 items (α=0.974) ranked in a 5-point Likert scale with six dimensions. The validity analysis was made by experts´ criterion. Findings evidenced that there is no significance difference between grades based on the study formats and that women write better than men. Furthermore, the students lacked to describe the limitation of their research and are good in writing: the research topic of the abstract, the conclusion in terms of the research objective and the citation norms (APA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature%20review" title="literature review">literature review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubric" title=" rubric"> rubric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ecuadorian%20context" title=" Ecuadorian context"> Ecuadorian context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graduate%20level" title=" graduate level"> graduate level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58742/the-validity-of-a-literature-review-rubric-in-the-ecuadorian-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5405</span> A Study on the Development of Social Participation Activity Scale for the Elderly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Kwang%20Lee">Young-Kwang Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun-Gu%20Ji"> Eun-Gu Ji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Joo%20Kim"> Min-Joo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Jae%20Oh"> Seung-Jae Oh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to develop a social participation activity scale for the elderly. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using maximum likelihood method using bundled items. In conclusion, thirteen items of social participation activity scale seemed appropriate. Finally, convergent validity and discriminant validity were verified on the scale with the fit. The convergent validity was based on the variance extracted value. In other words, the hypothesis that the variables are the same is rejected and the validity is confirmed. This study extensively considered the measurement items of the social participation activity scale used to measure social participation activities of the elderly. In the future, it will be meaningful that it can be used as a tool to verify the effectiveness of services in organizations that provide social welfare services to elderly people such as comprehensive social welfare centers and the elderly comprehensive social welfare centers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly" title="elderly">elderly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20participation" title=" social participation"> social participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20development" title=" scale development"> scale development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88129/a-study-on-the-development-of-social-participation-activity-scale-for-the-elderly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5404</span> Testing the Validity of Feldstein-Horioka Puzzle in BRICS Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teboho%20J.%20Mosikari">Teboho J. Mosikari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20T.%20Tsoku"> Johannes T. Tsoku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diteboho%20L.%20Xaba"> Diteboho L. Xaba </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase of capital mobility across emerging economies has become an interesting topic for many economic policy makers. The current study tests the validity of Feldstein–Horioka puzzle for 5 BRICS countries. The sample period of the study runs from 2001 to 2014. The study uses the following parameter estimates well known as the Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS), and Dynamic OLS (DOLS). The results of the study show that investment and savings are cointegrated in the long run. The parameters estimated using FMOLS and DOLS are 0.85 and 0.74, respectively. These results imply that policy makers within BRICS countries have to consider flexible monetary and fiscal policy instruments to influence the mobility of capital with the bloc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feldstein%20and%20Horioka%20puzzle" title="Feldstein and Horioka puzzle">Feldstein and Horioka puzzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saving%20and%20investment" title=" saving and investment"> saving and investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panel%20models" title=" panel models"> panel models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BRICS%20countries" title=" BRICS countries"> BRICS countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61954/testing-the-validity-of-feldstein-horioka-puzzle-in-brics-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5403</span> Prospective Future of Frame Fire Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Hao%20Wu">Chung-Hao Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tung-Dju%20Lin"> Tung-Dju Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Chin%20Ho"> Ming-Chin Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minehiro%20Nishiyama"> Minehiro Nishiyama </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses reported fire tests of concrete beams and columns, future fire tests of beam/column frames, and an innovative concept for designing a beam/column furnace. The proposed furnace could be designed to maximize the efficiency of fire test procedures and minimize the cost of furnace construction and fuel consumption. ASTM E119 and ISO 834 standards were drafted based on prescriptive codes and have several weaknesses. The first involves a provision allowing the support regions of a test element to be protected from fire exposure. The second deals with the L/30 deflection end point instead of the structural end point (collapse) in order to protect the hydraulic rams from fire damage. Furthermore, designers commonly use the measured fire endurances of interior columns to assess fire ratings of edge and corner columns of the same building. The validity of such an engineering practice is theoretically unsound. Performance-Based Codes (PBC) require verification tests of structural frames including the beam/column joints to overcome these weaknesses but allow the use of element test data as reference only. In the last 30 years, PBC have gained global popularity because the innovative design and flexibility in achieving an ultimate performance goal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title="fire resistance">fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20structure" title=" concrete structure"> concrete structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%2Fcolumn%20frame" title=" beam/column frame"> beam/column frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20tests" title=" fire tests"> fire tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33556/prospective-future-of-frame-fire-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5402</span> Developing a Health Literacy Questionnaire in Breast Cancer </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lida%20Moghaddam-Banaem">Lida Moghaddam-Banaem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Tavoosi"> Mahmood Tavoosi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheila%20Khalili"> Soheila Khalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The main objective of this study was designing a breast cancer health literacy questionnaire and assess its psychometric properties. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed to develop a primary questionnaire consisting of five domains. Qualitative and quantitative content validity were assessed by relevant experts, and after some modifications, the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated. Qualitative and quantitative face validity were evaluated by a number of patients, and the impact score for each item was calculated. 225 women with breast cancer were asked to fill out the questionnaire and construct validity was determined by using exploratory factor analysis. The reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: A 36-item questionnaire with five domains of reading, having access, understanding, assessing/judgment, and decision making/behavior was designed. 2 items were omitted in the qualitative content validity process. All items achieved optimum values in CVI, CVR and impact scores. Content and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed too. According to the exploratory factor analysis, the five-factor solution accounted for 64.98 percent of the observed variance. Conclusion: Due to the obtained satisfactory validity and reliability, this tool can be used to assess health literacy in women with breast cancer. Health policy makers can use these findings for improving health-related behaviors in breast cancer patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20literacy" title="health literacy">health literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title=" breast cancer"> breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychometric%20properties" title=" psychometric properties"> psychometric properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80054/developing-a-health-literacy-questionnaire-in-breast-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5401</span> Investigating the Relationship Between the Auditor’s Personality Type and the Quality of Financial Reporting in Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedmohsen%20Mortazavi">Seyedmohsen Mortazavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to investigate the personality types of internal auditors on the quality of financial reporting in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. Personality type is one of the issues that emphasizes the field of auditors' behavior, and this field has attracted the attention of shareholders and stock companies today, because the auditors' personality can affect the type of financial reporting and its quality. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of method, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to check the research hypotheses. The statistical population of the research is all the auditors, accountants and financial managers of the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, and due to their large number and the uncertainty of their exact number, 384 people have been considered as a statistical sample using Morgan's table. The researcher-made questionnaire was approved by experts in the field, and then its validity and reliability were obtained using software. For the validity of the questionnaire, confirmatory factor analysis was first examined, and then using divergent and convergent validity; Fornell-Larker and cross-sectional load test of the validity of the questionnaire were confirmed; Then, the reliability of the questionnaire was examined using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability, and the results of these two tests showed the appropriate reliability of the questionnaire. After checking the validity and reliability of the research hypotheses, PLS software was used to check the hypotheses. The results of the research showed that the personalities of internal auditors can affect the quality of financial reporting; The personalities investigated in this research include neuroticism, extroversion, flexibility, agreeableness and conscientiousness, all of these personality types can affect the quality of financial reporting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexibility" title="flexibility">flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20financial%20reporting" title=" quality of financial reporting"> quality of financial reporting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agreeableness" title=" agreeableness"> agreeableness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conscientiousness" title=" conscientiousness"> conscientiousness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158700/investigating-the-relationship-between-the-auditors-personality-type-and-the-quality-of-financial-reporting-in-companies-listed-on-the-tehran-stock-exchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158700.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5400</span> The Use of Five Times Sit-To-Stand Test in Ambulatory People with Spinal Cord Injury When Tested with or without Hands</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalita%20Khuna">Lalita Khuna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sugalya%20Amatachaya"> Sugalya Amatachaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pipatana%20Amatachaya"> Pipatana Amatachaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thiwabhorn%20Thaweewannakij"> Thiwabhorn Thaweewannakij</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pattra%20Wattanapan"> Pattra Wattanapan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST) has been widely used to quantify lower extremity motor strength (LEMS), dynamic balance ability, and risk of falls in many individuals. Recently, it has been used in ambulatory patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) but variously using with or without hands according to patients’ ability. This difference might affect the validity of the test in these individuals. Thus, this study assessed the concurrent validity of the FTSST in ambulatory individuals with SCI, separately for those who could complete the test with or without hands using LEMS and standard functional measures as gold standards. Moreover, the data of the tests from those who completed the FTSST with and without hands were compared. A total of 56 ambulatory participants with SCI who could complete sit-to-stand with or without hands were assessed for the time to complete the FTSST according to their ability. Then they were assessed for their LEMS scores and functional abilities, including the 10-meter walk test (10MWT), the walking index for spinal cord injury II (WISCI II), the timed up and go test (TUGT), and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the different findings between the participants who performed the FTSST with and without hands. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ) was applied to analyze the levels of correlation between the FTSST and standard tests (LEMS scores and functional measures). There were significant differences in the data between the participants who performed the test with and without hands (p < 0.01). The time to complete the FTSST of the participants who performed the test without hands showed moderate to strong correlation with total LEMS scores and all functional measures (ρ = -0.71 to 0.69, p < 0.001). On the contrary, the FTSST data of those who performed the test with hands were significantly correlated only with the 10MWT, TUGT, and 6MWT (ρ = -0.47 to 0.57, p < 0.01). The present findings confirm the concurrent validity of the FTSST when performed without hands for LEMS and functional mobility necessary for the ability of independence and safety of ambulatory individuals with SCI. However, the test using hands distort the ability of the outcomes to reflect LEMS and WISCI II that reflect lower limb functions. By contrast, the 10MWT, TUGT, and 6MWT allowed upper limb contribution in the tests. Therefore, outcomes of these tests showed a significant correlation to the outcomes of FTSST when assessed using hands. Consequently, the use of FTSST with or without hands needs to consider the clinical application of the outcomes, i.e., to reflect lower limb functions or mobility of the patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title="mobility">mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20limb%20muscle%20strength" title=" lower limb muscle strength"> lower limb muscle strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20test" title=" clinical test"> clinical test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115289/the-use-of-five-times-sit-to-stand-test-in-ambulatory-people-with-spinal-cord-injury-when-tested-with-or-without-hands" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5399</span> Development and Validation of Research Process for Enhancing Humanities Competence of Medical Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20J.%20Yune">S. J. Yune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20H.%20Park"> K. H. Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the research process for enhancing the humanities competence of the medical students. The research process was developed to be operated as a core subject course of 3 semesters. Among them, the research process for enhancing humanities capacity consisted of humanities and societies (6 teams) and education-psychology (2teams). The subjects of this study were 88-second grade students and 22 professors who participated in the research process. Among them, 13 professors participated in the study of humanities and 37 students. In the validity test, the professors were more likely to have more validity in the research process than the students in all areas of logic (p = .001), influence (p = .037), process (p = .001). The validity of the professor was higher than that of the students. The professors highly evaluated the students' learning outcomes and showed the most frequency to the prize group. As a result of analyzing the agreement between the students and the professors through the Kappa coefficient, the agreement degree of communication and cooperation competence was moderate to .430. Problem-solving ability was .340, which showed a fair degree of agreement. However, other factors showed only a slight degree of agreement of less than .20. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20process" title="research process">research process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20school" title=" medical school"> medical school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanities%20competence" title=" humanities competence"> humanities competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity%20verification" title=" validity verification"> validity verification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88139/development-and-validation-of-research-process-for-enhancing-humanities-competence-of-medical-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5398</span> Validity and Reliability of a Questionaire for Measuring Behaviour Change of Low Performance Employee</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazaila%20Binti%20Hassan">Hazaila Binti Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Yazid%20Bin%20Abu%20Bakar"> Abu Yazid Bin Abu Bakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salleh%20Amat"> Salleh Amat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is to get the validity and reliability of the questionnaire for behaviour change on low-performing officers. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the behaviour of low performing officers. There are 75 items in this questionnaire which involves 5 subscales, which are the 5 dimensions intended to be studied: 1st emotional stability, 2nd psycho-spiritual enhancement, 3rd social skills development, 4th cognitive and rationality improvement and 5th behavioural alignment and adjustment. There are 2 processes in this research whereby to check the validity and reliability. Both use quantitative methods. Validity content testing has been conducted to validate the behavioural change questionnaire of the low performing officers. For the face validity, 4 people are involved, two are psychologists who carried out the program and the other two are officers of the same rank, i.e. supporting officers. They are involved in correction of sentences, languages, and grammar as well as the sentence structures so that it tallies with the purpose of studies. The questionnaire underwent content validity by the experts. Five experts are appointed to attend this session, 3 are directly involved in the construction of this questionnaire and 2 others are experts from the university with a background in questionnaire development. The result shows that the content validity obtained a high coefficient of 0.745 with a minimum and maximum value of more than 0.60 which satisfies the characteristic of Content Value Ratio. The Cronbach’s alpha result is 0.867. The highest scores are the behavioural alignment and adjustment sub-scale recorded the highest value, followed by social skills development sub-scale, cognitive and rational improvements sub-scale, psycho-spiritual enhancement sub-scale, and lastly emotional stability. Therefore, both of validity and reliability result were accepted that this questionnaire is valid and reliable can be used in the study of behaviour changes of low performing officers in the civil service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20validity" title="content validity">content validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=five%20dimension" title=" five dimension"> five dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-performing%20officers" title=" low-performing officers"> low-performing officers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93882/validity-and-reliability-of-a-questionaire-for-measuring-behaviour-change-of-low-performance-employee" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5397</span> Assessment of Age-Friendliness in Rural Areas: An Investigation of Content Validity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbara%20Erjauz">Barbara Erjauz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliane%20Eichhorn"> Juliane Eichhorn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Purpose: The world´s population is rapidly aging, wherefore the World Health Organization (WHO) is dealing with concepts of Age-Friendly-Communities and criteria to define them. Also in Germany, we can find an aging population and a large amount of seniors is living in rural areas. Those regions are defined by unique social and environmental characteristics, which can enhance or decrease age-friendliness. To identify and work with these characteristics, we are in need of appropriate assessment instruments. To the author’s best knowledge until now, no instrument could be identified as suitable and scientifically proven for the German speaking area. The aim of the study was to identify an assessment instrument to measure the age-friendliness of rural communities and its psychometric testing regarding the content validity. Methods: A literature search was carried out to identify instruments related to concepts of Age-Friendly-Communities. According to the German situation, an instrument was chosen and modified based on a Delphi-study. In this context, the content validity was investigated by calculating the Content Validity Index (CVI). Results: An instrument consisting of 86 items based on WHO indicators and the German situation in rural areas was created. 43 items (50%) had a Content Validity Index for Items (I-CVI) of 1,00, 37 items (43%) had an I-CVI of >0,78 and > 1.00, and 6 items had an I-CVI of >0,78. The value of the Content Validity Index for Scales, averaging calculation method (S-CVI/Ave) for the entire scale was 0,91. Conclusions: The results indicate a good content validity and it can be concluded that the created instrument represents the phenomenon of age-friendliness in rural areas. Nevertheless, further psychometric testing related to reliability, validity and responsiveness is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title="assessment">assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age-friendly" title=" age-friendly"> age-friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural" title=" rural"> rural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychometric%20testing" title=" psychometric testing"> psychometric testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92944/assessment-of-age-friendliness-in-rural-areas-an-investigation-of-content-validity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5396</span> Construction and Validation of Allied Bank-Teller Aptitude Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Kashif%20Fida">Muhammad Kashif Fida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the bank, teller’s job (cash officer) is highly important and critical as at one end it requires soft and brisk customer services and on the other side, handling cash with integrity. It is always challenging for recruiters to hire competent and trustworthy tellers. According to author’s knowledge, there is no comprehensive test available that may provide assistance in recruitment in Pakistan. So there is a dire need of a psychometric battery that could provide support in recruitment of potential candidates for the teller’ position. So, the aim of the present study was to construct ABL-Teller Aptitude Test (ABL-TApT). Three major phases have been designed by following American Psychological Association’s guidelines. The first phase was qualitative, indicators of the test have been explored by content analysis of the a) teller’s job descriptions (n=3), b) interview with senior tellers (n=6) and c) interview with HR personals (n=4). Content analysis of above yielded three border constructs; i). Personality, ii). Integrity/honesty, iii). Professional Work Aptitude. Identified indicators operationalized and statements (k=170) were generated using verbatim. It was then forwarded to the five experts for review of content validity. They finalized 156 items. In the second phase; ABL-TApT (k=156) administered on 323 participants through a computer application. The overall reliability of the test shows significant alpha coefficient (α=.81). Reliability of subscales have also significant alpha coefficients. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) performed to estimate the construct validity, confirms four main factors comprising of eight personality traits (Confidence, Organized, Compliance, Goal-oriented, Persistent, Forecasting, Patience, Caution), one Integrity/honesty factor, four factors of professional work aptitude (basic numerical ability and perceptual accuracy of letters, numbers and signature) and two factors for customer services (customer services, emotional maturity). Values of GFI, AGFI, NNFI, CFI, RFI and RMSEA are in recommended range depicting significant model fit. In third phase concurrent validity evidences have been pursued. Personality and integrity part of this scale has significant correlations with ‘conscientiousness’ factor of NEO-PI-R, reflecting strong concurrent validity. Customer services and emotional maturity have significant correlations with ‘Bar-On EQI’ showing another evidence of strong concurrent validity. It is concluded that ABL-TAPT is significantly reliable and valid battery of tests, will assist in objective recruitment of tellers and help recruiters in finding a more suitable human resource. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concurrent%20validity" title="concurrent validity">concurrent validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construct%20validity" title=" construct validity"> construct validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20validity" title=" content validity"> content validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teller%20aptitude%20test" title=" teller aptitude test"> teller aptitude test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objective%20recruitment" title=" objective recruitment"> objective recruitment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61769/construction-and-validation-of-allied-bank-teller-aptitude-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5395</span> The Use of Psychological Tests in Polish Organizations - Empirical Evidence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milena%20Gojny-Zbierowska">Milena Gojny-Zbierowska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last decades psychological tests have been gaining in popularity as a method used for evaluating personnel, and they bring consulting companies solid profits rising by up to 10% each year. The market is offering a growing range of tools for the assessment of personality. Tests are used in organizations mainly in the recruitment and selection of staff. This paper is an attempt to initially diagnose the state of the use of psychological tests in Polish companies on the basis of empirical research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20tests" title="psychological tests">psychological tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality" title=" personality"> personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20analysis" title=" content analysis"> content analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NEO%20FFI" title=" NEO FFI"> NEO FFI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20five%20personality%20model" title=" big five personality model"> big five personality model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39287/the-use-of-psychological-tests-in-polish-organizations-empirical-evidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5394</span> The Psychometric Properties of an Instrument to Estimate Performance in Ball Tasks Objectively</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kougioumtzis%20Konstantin">Kougioumtzis Konstantin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rylander%20P%C3%A4r"> Rylander Pär</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karlsteen%20Magnus"> Karlsteen Magnus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ball skills as a subset of fundamental motor skills are predictors for performance in sports. Currently, most tools evaluate ball skills utilizing subjective ratings. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a newly developed instrument to objectively measure ball handling skills (BHS-test) utilizing digital instrument. Participants were a convenience sample of 213 adolescents (age M = 17.1 years, SD =3.6; 55% females, 45% males) recruited from upper secondary schools and invited to a sports hall for the assessment. The 8-item instrument incorporated both accuracy-based ball skill tests and repetitive-performance tests with a ball. Testers counted performance manually in the four tests (one throwing and three juggling tasks). Furthermore, assessment was technologically enhanced in the other four tests utilizing a ball machine, a Kinect camera and balls with motion sensors (one balancing and three rolling tasks). 3D printing technology was used to construct equipment, while all results were administered digitally with smart phones/tablets, computers and a specially constructed application to send data to a server. The instrument was deemed reliable (α = .77) and principal component analysis was used in a random subset (53 of the participants). Furthermore, latent variable modeling was employed to confirm the structure with the remaining subset (160 of the participants). The analysis showed good factorial-related validity with one factor explaining 57.90 % of the total variance. Four loadings were larger than .80, two more exceeded .76 and the other two were .65 and .49. The one factor solution was confirmed by a first order model with one general factor and an excellent fit between model and data (χ² = 16.12, DF = 20; RMSEA = .00, CI90 .00–.05; CFI = 1.00; SRMR = .02). The loadings on the general factor ranged between .65 and .83. Our findings indicate good reliability and construct validity for the BHS-test. To develop the instrument further, more studies are needed with various age-groups, e.g. children. We suggest using the BHS-test for diagnostic or assessment purpose for talent development and sports participation interventions that focus on ball games. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball-handling%20skills" title="ball-handling skills">ball-handling skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball-handling%20ability" title=" ball-handling ability"> ball-handling ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technologically-enhanced%20measurements" title=" technologically-enhanced measurements"> technologically-enhanced measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158678/the-psychometric-properties-of-an-instrument-to-estimate-performance-in-ball-tasks-objectively" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity%20of%20tests&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity%20of%20tests&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity%20of%20tests&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity%20of%20tests&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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